SHIKHA A, JANU A, SINGH A, MAMTA R
047538 SHIKHA A, JANU A, SINGH A, MAMTA R (Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram Univ of Science and Technology, Murthal ? 131 027, Haryana, Email: mrana.geo@gmail.com) : Application of remote sensing for detection of stress in Cotton induced by pests in Hisar. Ann. Pl. Protec. Sci 2020, 28 (2), 104 - 111.
The study emphasizes the application of remote sensing approach in complement with weather based statistical forewarning for taking effective IPM. Forecasts based on meteorological parameters and crop phenology helps to prepare pest weather calendar for predicting the pest attack in advance and this can be monitored with the remote sensing technique on real - time basis. In this study pest infestation in the research field in Hisar, India is assessed with the help of LANDSAT images for the year 2013 - 18. Vegetation indices such as NDVI and NDWIis calculated for area of interest after cloudmasking. These indices were further analysed with the crop calendar and validated with the field observations. The NDVI and NDWI values is minimum for the year 2013, 2015 and 2018 in comparison to 2014, 2016 and 2017, respectively, which is reflective of stress the crop was experiencing which was corroborated as pest attack above ETL as per field observations. The peak in the values are gained during the September 2017 showing good plant health during the year. As observed in the year 2013 and 2015, the major threat was Cotton Leaf Curl Disease (CLCuD) transmitted through whitefly and accompanied by other sucking pests like thrips, leaf hopper etc. and in the year 2018 the crop was majorly affected by the cotton leaf hoppers, Jassids. Thus, for strengthening network programmes monitoring the pest dynamics along with statistical forecasts and pest models is needful.
4 illus, 2 tables, 24 ref
YOUNIS, F E, KHIDR R E
047338 YOUNIS, F E, KHIDR R E (Desert Research Center, Egypt, Email: alphayounis@gmail.com) : Mitigation and adaptation strategies for livestock to cope with climate change challenges: review and perspective . Anim Sci Rep 2020, 13 (4), 001 - 11.
Climate change is one of the most complex issues, that the world is facing us today. It is multidimensional in nature involving science, economics, society, politics and moral and ethical questions - and is in true sense, a global problem, which is felt on local scales, and will be felt for decades and centuries to come. Carbon dioxide, the heat - trapping greenhouse gas that has driven to global warming, lingers in the atmosphere for hundreds of years, while the planet (especially the oceans) takes a while to respond to greenhouse warming effects. It primarily affects land based production systems involving agricultural and livestock production in particular, since world?s dominant land use covers about 45 % of the Earth?s land surface, much of it extending in harsh and variable arid/semi - arid environments that are unsuitable for alternate uses. Many adaptation and mitigation options can help address climate change, but no single option is sufficient by itself. Heat stress acts as the most detrimental factor for small ruminant production, which constitute more than 50 % of small ruminants, and are located in arid region of the world, indicating their adaptability and future suitability to increasing temperatures. Small ruminants respond to the changing environments by altering both phenotypic and genotypic characters. The genotypic characters of small ruminants needs to be given more importance as these variables could serve as more reliable biomarkers than the phenotypic characters to assess the heat stress impact. Therefore, identification of such genetic markers is the need of hour for developing superior thermo - tolerant breeds which have the ability to survive in different agro - ecological zones. Recent approaches involve adaptation of animals to HSF1 (heat shock factor 1), HSP60 (heat shock protein 60), HSP70, HSP90 and ubiquitin, as they are found to be associated with resilience capacity of livestock to heat stress challenges. Among these thermotolerant genes, HSP70 has been established to be the ideal genetic marker for thermo - tolerance in small ruminants. The advanced molecular biology techniques, such as whole transcriptome and next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis may be reliable tools to develop permanent biological markers for heat stress in small ruminants. The future perspective of this study envisages the role of small ruminants in ensuring future food security in view of their higher resilience to climate changes to checkmate alarming deterioration of livestock production due to adverse effects of global warming, must target identification of indigenous breeds for resilience to ensure optimization of economic return from the small ruminant enterprises by adopting advanced biotechnological tools, particularly identification of genetic markers to optimize economic return from the small ruminant enterprises.
5 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref
HUSSAIN S F, MURTHY B N S, REDDY M L N, UPRETI K K, SATISJA J, LAXMAN R H, SRINIVASULU B, REDDY P S S
001564 HUSSAIN S F, MURTHY B N S, REDDY M L N, UPRETI K K, SATISJA J, LAXMAN R H, SRINIVASULU B, REDDY P S S (Dr. YSR Horticultural Univ, Anantharajupeta, Email: fkhanshaik@gmail.com) : Effect of different chemical and seasons on gas exchange parameters, phytohormones, and chlorophyll content in tissue culture plants of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Bhagwa. Environ Conserv J 2021, 22(1&2), 127-35.
Little is known about rate of photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, intrinsic water use efficiency,
endogenous phytohormones (Gibberellic acid and Indole acetic acid) concomitant with leaf chlorophyll content during
flowering and fruiting stages in pomegranate. As a result, a study was conducted to determine the function of various
chemicals, such as Nitrobenzene (NB) at 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 ml plant-1, Cycocel (CCC) at 500, 1000, and 1500 ppm plant-1,
Uracil 25 and 50 ppm plant-1, CCC1000 ppm + Uracil 25 ppm plant-1, CCC 1500 ppm + Uracil 50 ppm plant-1, along with
control at ICAR - Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bengaluru, during the flowering and fruit set stages
during two seasons, namely ambe bahar (January–February 2016) and hastha bahar (September–October 2016-17).
Applications of Uracil 50 ppm plant-1, Uracil 25 ppm plant-1 and nitrobenzene 1.5 ml plant-1 at flowering stage resulted in
highest rate of photosynthesis (16.48 μmol m-2 s-1), transpiration (7.69 mmol m-2 s-1) and stomatal conductance (0.44 mol
m-2 s-1). Foliar spray of Nitrobenzene 1.5 ml plant-1, cycocel 1000 ppm plant-1 + Uracil 25 ppm plant-1 in conjunction with
application of nitrobenzene 1.0 ml plant-1 registered highest rate of photosynthesis (12.55 μmol m-2 s-1), transpiration (6.19
mmol m-2 s-1) and stomatal conductance (0.19 mol m-2 s-1) at fruit set stage. Application of Uracil 50 ppm plant-1 resulted
in higher levels of endogenous IAA content (394.3 ng g-1 FW and 885.3 ng g-1 FW), lower levels of GA3 content (110.7 ng g-
1 FW and 144.0 ng g-1 FW), and highest total chlorophyll content (3.14 mg g-1 and 1.99 mg g-1) in the leaves at both
flowering and fruit set stages. With application of cycocel 1500 ppm plant-1 at flowering and fruit set stages, highest
photosynthetic rate (17.67 μmol m-2 s-1 and 15.71 μmol m-2 s-1), transpiration rate (7.68 mmol m-2 s-1 and 6.13 mmol m-2 s-
1) and higher levels of endogenous IAA (946.7 ng g-1 FW and 633.0 ng g-1 FW) were registered respectively. Following
application of cycocel 1500 ppm plant-1 and 500 ppm plant-1 at both flowering and fruit set stages, lower endogenous GA3
(163.3 ng g-1 FW and 276.0 ng g-1 FW) were observed. At flowering stage, cycocel 1000 ppm plant-1 + Uracil 25 ppm plant-
1 recorded the highest total chlorophyll content (2.35 mg g-1). During flowering period, cycocel 1500 ppm plant-1
application resulted in the highest stomatal conductance (0.57 mol m-2 s-1). Application of cycocel 1500 ppm plant-1 +
Uracil 50 ppm plant-1 resulted in the highest stomatal conductance (0.38 mol m-2 s-1) at fruit set stage.
4 tables, 30 ref
JAMIR A R, CHATTOPADHYAY N, MOMIN M C
001559 JAMIR A R, CHATTOPADHYAY N, MOMIN M C (Plantation, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops Dep, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur- 741 252, West Bengal, Email: alemjamirhorti@gmail.com) : Effect of biofertilizers with various levels of inorganic nutrients on growth and yield of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) var. Azad Kalonji. Environ Conserv J 2021, 22(1&2), 73-8.
The objective of the study is to reduce the amount of inorganic fertilizers by using biofertilizers with the aim of
sustainable agriculture. The field experiment was conducted at the HRS, Mondouri, BCKV, West Bengal, India during
rabi season of 2019-20. The experiment consisted of 14 treatments replicated thrice, comprising of three levels inorganic
fertilizers (50, 75 and 100 %) of recommended NPK and three biofertilizers viz. Azospirillum lipoferum (N fixer), Bacillus
megaterium (potash mobilizer) and Fraturia aurantia (K mobilizer) as soil application. The results indicated that the
maximum plant height (86.06 cm) at 100 DAS, number of primary (10.66) and secondary branches (17.33), number of
capsules plant-1 (25.33), number of seeds capsule-1 (97.66), test weight (3.54 g) and projected yield (538.50 kg ha-1) were
recorded in 100% RDF + Azospirillum + PSB + KS. The yield was at par with 75% RDF + Azospirillum + PSB + KS
(536.74 kg ha-1). Considering the economics, maximum net return (Rs. 1,08,083.74 ha-1) and B: C ratio (4.14: 1) was
obtained from 75% RDF + Azospirillum + PSB + KS. These results suggested that combination of Azospirillum + PSB +
KS with 75% RDF was best for optimum production of black cumin without loss in yield and reduction of 25% of
inorganic fertilizers through application of biofertilizers and environmental pollution to some extent.
2 tables, 32 ref
PRASANNA H S, PRASAD M, VISHNUVARDANA B N, SHANKARAPPA T H, UGALAT J, SHIVANNA M
001557 PRASANNA H S, PRASAD M, VISHNUVARDANA B N, SHANKARAPPA T H, UGALAT J, SHIVANNA M (Plantation Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops Dep, GKVK, Karnataka, Email: prassu.prasanna11@gmail.com) : Effect of foliar application of different elicitors on occurrence of pest and diseases during chia (Salvia hispanica L.) cultivation. Environ Conserv J 2021, 22(1&2), 59-64.
Chia is an important medicinal crop with lot of nutritional value in seeds and there is lot of demand to chia seeds grown
without any chemical application. In this context, present study was concentrated on foliar application of different
elicitors at 25 and 50 days after sowing as effective plant protectants by inducing plant defense response. Both black and
white chia plants sprayed with chitosan at 200 ppm were un-affected by any pest and diseases. The plants sprayed with
other elicitors like 100 ppm of salicylic acid, methyl jasmonic acid, potassium silicate, 200 ppm of boric acid, humic acid
and 5000 ppm of dry yeast and PGPR are less prone to pest and disease attack. Whereas, the maximum pest infestation
and disease incidence were noticed in plants sprayed with gibberellic acid (pest - 2.38 and 1.93%; disease - 0.89% in both)
and in control (pest - 1.34 and 1.04%; disease - 1.34 and 0.74%) in black and white chia respectively.
3 illus, 2 tables, 29 ref
TIWARI A, RAWAT A, AGRAWAL K K, NAYAK S
001554 TIWARI A, RAWAT A, AGRAWAL K K, NAYAK S (Agronomy Dep, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, Email: anayrawat@gmail.com) : Conservation agriculture-impact on the productivity and economy of various cropping systems of Central India. Environ Conserv J 2021, 22(1&2), 41-4.
Present field research work of different resource conservation practices on cropping systems was studied in both the
season i.e. Kharif and Rabi season during 2010- 2012 at Research Farm, J.N. KrishiVishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur (M.P).
Research Farm of Kymore plateau and Satpura hill region of Madhya Pradesh which is located at Central India. Results
received from the experiment indicated that the Conventional tillage has demonstrated its supremacy over limited tillage
with more total production in terms of rice equivalent yield (REY) and economic point of view. The mulch application
significantly promotes the production of the tillage system without the mulch, but no mulch has a higher Net Monetary
Return (NMR) than the applied mulch. The application of recommended dose of fertilizers, in which 25% Nitrogen
supplied through organic sources resulted in greater total production in term of REY of cropping system of the area than
the recommended dose of fertilizers alone, but economically greater Net Monetary Returns was observed in 100%
recommended dose of fertilizers. The existing cropping system Rice-Berseem purely not only gave higher total production
in term of REY, but the most selective choice for the conservation of resource in the Kymore plateau region, and fetched
the maximum NMR and B:C ratio.
1 table, 12 ref
CHODEN Y, TENZIN T, KARCHUNG, NORBU K, WANGMO S, ZANGMO P,
001552 CHODEN Y, TENZIN T, KARCHUNG, NORBU K, WANGMO S, ZANGMO P, (Royal University of Bhutan, Bhutan, Email: yeshichoden65@gmail.com) : Estimation of energy content in municipal solid waste of Bhutan and its potential as alternate powers source. Environ Conserv J 2021, 22(1&2), 27-33.
Conversion of Solid waste into energy is the most resourceful process to combat landfill saturation and environmental
impression. Bhutan, with an exponential rise in the waste production, Waste to Energy (WTE) conversion is an
alternative solution for municipal solid waste management (MSW). The study for MSW composition and its energy
potential analysis for Memelakha (Thimphu) and Pekarshing (Phuntsholing) landfills was done to resolve the waste
management challenges in the country. The standard number of samples from two dumpsites were used to analyze for the
waste characterization (waste composition, proximate analysis, chemical analysis) and high heating value (HHV) of
MSW. MSW of two landfills showed that the main elemental constituents were Carbon and Oxygen with 17.26% and
9.97% by mass respectively for Pekarshing and 16.52% (Carbon) and 11.07% (Oxygen) by mass for Memelakha landfill.
Based on the physio-chemical analysis of MSW, the average calorific HHV of MSW obtained were 10.028 MJ/kg (26.04%
of coal energy) for Pekarshing dumpsite and 9.6 MJ/kg (24.94% of coal energy) for Memelakha. The analysis showed that
by the year 2050 Memelakha landfill has the potential to generate the power of 8.85 Megawatt (MW) and 1.44 Megawatt
(MW) for Pekarshing. For (WTE) conversion, incineration, pyrolysis, and gasification technologies are found suitable
based on the current composition MSW of Bhutan. Furthermore, in terms of energy efficiency and percentage of wastage,
the gasification process was the most feasible method for WTE conversion at two locations with a waste volume reduction
of 80 to 90 percent at the landfill.
6 illus, 3 tables, 27 ref
SHARMA A, RAGHAVAN M, SHI Z, BANG N T H
001550 SHARMA A, RAGHAVAN M, SHI Z, BANG N T H (RNB Global Univ, Bikaner, Rajasthan, Email: avinashcau@gmail.com) : Utilization of protected cultivation for crop production and preservation in India. Environ Conserv J 2021, 22(1&2), 13-7.
The present paper discusses about the applications of protected cultivation for crop activities, and technology utilization in India. The crop production, management, plant propagation are applied at protected cultivation in sustainable agriculture. The advancement of technology is boosted in protected cultivation that transforms sustainable agriculture into modern agriculture. The various agricultural crops are practiced naturally after research progress in protected cultivation. The various sophisticated technologies like scientific farming, vertical farming, vertical farming with hydroponics, organic farming, micro-irrigation, organic fertigation, chemical fertigation, IPM, IDM, INM, farm machines & tools, aquaponic, micro green farming, in-situ crop preservation, azolla production and seed production are utilized in crop activity and academic & research. The modern technologies are constituted in protected cultivation that transforms modern agriculture into smart agriculture. It will promote land, water, waste land conservation. It would reform nutrient content of the soil, forbids soil erosion and soil pollution. It will provide employment opportunities, agricultural business, food security and rural development in India.
3 illus, 1 table, 10 ref
SHARMA C D, BANSAL G
001548 SHARMA C D, BANSAL G (Rama Institute of Higher Education Kiratpur, Uttar Pradesh, Email: sharmachandra049@gmail.com) : Impact of different doses of Malathion on the selected blood parameter in albino rats (Rattus norvegicus). Environ Conserv J 2021, 22(1&2), 1-5.
Malathion is an organophosphate pesticides commonly used to eradicate the pest of agricultural crops. It is routinely used
to protect the ornamental and home gardening plants. Malathion is found in market by its trade name called cythion. In
Indian scenario farmers and spray men use pesticide in their fields ignoring its toxicological effects. The main target
organs of any toxicant in human body are liver and kidney.Present study is based on the effects of different dose of
Malathion on blood biochemical parameter like blood sugar, blood urea, creatinine and bilirubin. These four parameters
are used to observe the behavior of liver and kidney in albino rats. Four doses of Malathion has been selected as 25 mg,
50mg, 75mg and 100mg per kilogram body weight per day for 7 days and 15 days of treatment. Findings indicate that at
normal condition the value of sugar was 121.54 +14.44 mg/dl , blood urea 41.27 + 3.13 mg/dl , blood bilirubin 0.76 + 0.10
mg/dl and value of creatinine was observed as 0.85 + 00.52 mg/dl. with different doses of Malathion after 7 and 15 days
the value of blood sugar significantly decreases upto 78.52 + 10.25 mg/dl at higher dose while blood urea value
significantly increased up to 50.88+4.8 mg/dl, the value of creatinine significantly increased 1.05 + 0.18 mg/dl and
bilirubin also increased significantly 2.20 +0.64mg/ dl. The fluctuation in parameter represents the abnormal behavior of
liver and kidney of albino rats due to the toxicity of pesticide.
1 table, 30 ref
CHATURVEDI V, BABELE P K, SINGH P
001512 CHATURVEDI V, BABELE P K, SINGH P (Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi- 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, Email: venkatesh_chaturvedi@bhu.ac.in) : Biofabrication of Silver Oxide Nanoparticles (SO-NP) by autolysate of Pseudomonas mendocina PM1, and assessment of its antimicrobial/antibiofilm potential. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2021, 58(4), 373-80.
Silver oxide Nanoparticles (SO-NP) exhibit excellent light absorbing, semi conducting properties and hence are employed in a wide range of applications such as catalyst, biosensors, and in fuel cells. Green synthesis of nanoparticles using different microorganisms is widely accepted since this method is in expensive and eco-friendly. Nanoparticles synthesized by this route are smaller in size, highly stable, show high reactivity and stability. In this context, biofabrication of Silver Oxide Nanoparticles (SO-NP) by autolysate of Pseudomonas mendocina PM1 has been evaluated. Synthesis of SO-NP was observed, when autolysate of P. mendocina PM1 was incubated with 0.5 mM AgNO3 in dark for 24 h. Synthesis of SO-NP was confirmed by UV-Vis analysis. SO-NP was further confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) which confirmed presence of SO-NP. XRD revealed that SO-NP were of the type Ag3O4. FTIR analysis indicated that peptides were involved in the reduction and stability of SO-NP. SO-NP’s showed potent anti-microbial/ anti-biofilm activity against common pathogenic/non-pathogenic bacteria. This is the first report of synthesis of SO-NP by P. mendocina PM1.
7 illus, 1 table, 41 ref
GOYAL M, GOYAL R K
001442 GOYAL M, GOYAL R K (Bhartiya Skill Development Univ, Jaipur- 302 042) : Confirming antecedents of green consumption intention: A sustainable model for food aggregators. IETE J Res 2021, 67(5), 634-45.
Enhanced awareness about plastic cutlery pollution has brought a green transition in consumers’ intentions. Through the lens of green offers by the food aggregators, this research investigates the relationship of the antecedents to green consumption intention. A conceptual model extending the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) theory is tested by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) on the primary data of 622 green consumers. The significant relations between perceived consumer effectiveness to green brand trust, influencing green consumption intentions were established. Social Image partially mediates the relation of green brand trust to green consumption intention. The identified relationships among the variables provide practical and theoretical implications.
3 illus, 7 tables, 84 ref
MUKHERJEE T, SEN S
001379 MUKHERJEE T, SEN S (Environmental Sciences Dep , Asutosh Coll, Kolkata, Email: supatrasen@gmail.com) : Agricultural sustainability through nitrogen fixation: Approaches and techniques. Harvest 2021, 6(1), 48-55.
Agricultural sustainability balances the need for resource conservation with the needs of farmers pursuing their livelihood. Symbiotic N2-fixing systems are used for biological nitrogen fixation it can be a major source of N in agriculture. The application of cyanobacteria in salt-affected soil remediation will reconstruct green agriculture and promote the sustainable development of human society and this approach may also serve to treat saline soils of coastal areas post tropical cyclones like Amphan and Yaas in our state.
38 ref
NANDI N C
001375 NANDI N C (Social Environmental and Biological Association, Kolkata, Email: nepalchandra.nandi@gmail.com) : Environmental impact on fruiting of tomato plant: A report based on some case studies. Harvest 2021, 6(1), 29-32.
Impact of environment including soil conditions on fruiting of tomatoes are reported herein based on five case studies along with unusual length of more than 370 cm of a plant grown uncared in harsh environment. The study reveals that habitat, climate and environment play a significant role in flowering, fruiting, growth and survival of tomato plants.
6 illus, 1 table, 3 ref
BHOWMIK S, DAS S
001374 BHOWMIK S, DAS S (Environmental Science Dep, Savitribai Phule Pune Univ, Pune- 411007, Maharashtra, Email: sancharini.iitkgp@gmail.com) : Mycological intervention to overcome global fossil-fuel crisis. Harvest 2021, 6(1), 24-8.
Excessive burning of fossil fuels is not only depleting natural resources but is resulting in a steady increase of carbon dioxide emissions, which experts believe is responsible for increasing average global temperatures. Mycolipases constitute one of the most important group of biocatalysts and eco-friendly alternatives to chemical catalysts for biodiesel production. Mycolipase based biodiesel is an environmentally cost effective, sustainable fuel carbon neutral energy source and may be further explored as a successful alternative to fossil fuels.
2 illus, 16 ref
GIANG P Q, THAM N T
001328 GIANG P Q, THAM N T (Ha Long Univ, Quang Ninh, Vietnam) : Using spatial interpolation with barriers to assess the spread of flood inundation on different land use types in Duc Tho district, Ha Tinh Province, Vietnam. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 967-76.
In Vietnam, every year, floods cause the submersion of large areas of land, especially agricultural land in flood plains. Flood mapping is important for adaptation and mitigation plans and is usually done by interpolation method using flood depth data. However, normal interpolation is inappropriate when barriers such as dykes exist causing interruption and discontinuity on the surface. The objectives of this study were to apply IDW Interpolation with Barriers to map the spread of flood inundation on land and to calculate the level and area of flood inundation for different types of land use in Duc Tho District of Ha Tinh Province, Vietnam. The inundation map of land-use types was established by overlaying the interpolated flood inundation map and land use map, which was divided into two areas including the outside and inside areas of La Giang dyke. Results showed that the interpolation was accurate as all the employed statistics including R2 , RMSE, and MAPE got acceptable value for both the outside-dyke and inside-dyke areas. The outside-dyke area was found to have an inundation area of 2,945.93 ha, which accounted for 65.05% of the total natural land area and the inundation depth was mostly over 2.0 m. The inundation areas of agricultural land, nonagricultural land, and unused land were 1,916.26 ha, 946.28 ha, and 83.39 ha, respectively. For the inside-dyke area, the total area of inundation was 7,003.74 ha, accounting for 43.91% of the total natural land area and the inundation depth was also mostly over 2.0 m. The inundation areas of agricultural land, non-agricultural land, and unused land were 5,314.46 ha, 1,627.65 ha, and 61.64 ha respectively. The findings indicate serious flood submersion upon agricultural land, and it should therefore be given priority in flood prevention and adaptation plans. The method of IDW with Barriers applied in this study has shown high accuracy. Thus, it is recommended to be applied to other areas with different topographic and flooding characteristics to further assess its strength and suitability.
8 illus, 2 tables, 31 ref
THOMBRE L, KAPSHE C
001325 THOMBRE L, KAPSHE C (Architecture and Planning Dep, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh) : A framework of built environment attributes for evaluation of conviviality of a public open space. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 947-55.
The objective of this study is to identify attributes and indicators of the built environment to evaluate the conviviality of public open spaces. In literature, conviviality is discussed as the subjective quality of public spaces. Conviviality means, being happy in the company of others. From different studies, it was found that there are physical aspects as well as socio-psychological aspects of public open space design which influence conviviality. The paper discusses contribution of physical and built factors in increasing human interaction at public open spaces. First of all review of literature on the social, psychological and human behavioral aspects of conviviality are carried out. An attempt is made to relate cognitive, affective interpretative perception with the physical space to contributing attributes of the built environment. Attributes are further explained to derive quantifiable indicators of built form which can be evaluated for any public open space on conviviality. This study propose a scientific and applicable framework of indicators of the built environment attributes with an understanding of human perception in public open space. The suggested set of indicators can be used by urban planners, designers, and developers in various interventions of building open spaces for human interaction.
8 illus, 33 ref
AL-ZUBAIDI H A M, SAMAKA I S, AL-RIDAH Z A, NAJE A S, CHABUK A
001324 AL-ZUBAIDI H A M, SAMAKA I S, AL-RIDAH Z A, NAJE A S, CHABUK A (Environmental Engineering Dep, Babylon Univ, Babylon, Iraq) : Environmental assessment of land cover changes for Hilla River basin, Iraq. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 937-46.
In all parts of the world, vegetation cover has undergone continuous changes, especially in areas with high population density, as a result of population activities and growth. Since Land Cover (LC) may differ and continue to change, the direction of this change has become important in environmental studies. This study focused on monitoring the changes that occurred in LC patterns of the Hilla River basin and Babylon Governorate, Iraq for a period from 2013-2019.LC were characterized on a regional scale based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) categories (water,soil, plants) where no systematic LC studies were conducted previously (Hilla River Basin, Babylon Governorate, Iraq) using GIS tools and Landsat-8 Level2 surface reflectance datasets (2013-2019) that provide accurate information on land use and vegetation change. The results showed that soil, plants, and water occupied about 85%, 15%, and 1%, respectively. The increase in water in the regions of Babylon Governorate during the period of 2018-2019 was 24,4089 km2 compared to the previous years (positive trend in the maximum values of NDVI), improving the vegetation areas (an increase of 286.3791 km2 ). For soil, the increase in the period of 2014-2015 was 303.9399km2 .Furthermore, LC indicated an increase in water area in 2013, 2014, and 2019 and a decrease in water in 2018, followed by 2016 and 2015. For soil, there was an increase in 2013 and 2016, and decrease in 2019, 2014 and 2018. For vegetation cover, a large percentage in 2019, 2018 and 2014 and decrease in 2016, 2013 and 2015 existed. As a result, the statistical analysis indicated that there is no large linear model between NDVI and the Hilla River flow rates.
10 illus, 5 tables, 16 ref
GIANG P Q
001322 GIANG P Q (Ha Long Univ, Vietnam) : Evidence of global warming and implication for land and water management for agricultural development: A case study in Vietnam. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 415-26.
This study was conducted to investigate the existence of global warming at a local scale with a case study of Nghe An, the largest province in Vietnam, and to draw implications for land and water resources management for agricultural development. An ensemble of Global Climate Models simulation with MAGICC/SCENGEN model and a statistical downscaling method were employed for temperature change prediction. The study found that during 40 years from 1971-2010, annual temperature rose by approximately 0.8 oC, meaning that it has risen 0.2 oC per decade. The province is also predicted to face with a severe warming climate in the future, which could warm as much as 3.9 oC by the end of this century. A warmer climate could lead to a number of issues regarding the variability of land and water resources in the province including the negative change of water cycle; the increase in the frequency and intensity of floods and droughts which could destruct the current land and water systems; degradation of land due to soil erosion which causes the loss of fertile soil; water pollution and water quality deterioration due to the transportation of heavy metals, pollutants, pesticides, and chemical fertilizers during heavier rains, etc. It is recommended that countermeasures should be planned in the framework of watershed management, which is the integrated use and management of land, vegetation and water resources while enhancing livelihoods and maintaining ecosystem services in the province.
12 illus, 27 ref
HARSHINI S, CHAMPA H S, KUMAR R
001318 HARSHINI S, CHAMPA H S, KUMAR R (SVS School of Architecture, Coimbatore- 642 109, Tamil Nadu) : Shaping communities through urban green spaces – A study in the Indian context. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 905-9.
Public spaces in the form of green spaces need to be an integral part of every urban city. Public well-being and urban green spaces are synonymous to one another. The urban green spaces could be in the form of forests, parks, play grounds, garden, mangrove or agricultural lands along with other components of natural environment. The green spaces provide numerous opportunities and benefits in shaping the community or neighbourhood within which it is surrounded. This paper discusses the challenges faced by these urban green spaces and the advantages of green spaces to the people in particular and to the city in general. The social, environmental and cultural framework has been taken under consideration to understand the user behaviour in urban green spaces. These concepts are looked upon, on the basis of the existing situation, its limitations, and reasons of failure to bring about character to its co-existing community. It also, looks briefly into its benefits and end results on the users and its community. The coexistence and balance between urban and rural, natural and manmade is very essential in the present scenario. From the historic era, it is a proven fact that natural environment has played an important role in safeguarding civilization. The opportunity and necessity exists for a more meaningful and integrated relationship of the co-existence of the urban form and the natural environment. In considering the elements as naturally dependent within a single whole, it is possible to create a self-sustaining urban landscape in which green space can take on a number of ecologically and socially enriching roles which contribute in shaping the society.
1 table, 5 ref
NIRMALA T, PRIYA K J, ROSE M R D
001317 NIRMALA T, PRIYA K J, ROSE M R D (PG and Research Centre of Zoology, Theni, Tamil Nadu) : Physico - chemical and heavy metal analysis of contaminated soil near coffee industry in Jayamangalam, Theni district, T.N., India. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 900-4.
The coffee industry is located in Jayamangalam near Periyakulam, Theni District. The soil was collected from dumping site of coffee effluent, to analyse the physico chemical parameters during January-May, 2017. It was analyzed using standard methods. The pH of the sample was alkaline in nature. The value of electrical conductivity was higher than the permissible limit. The amount of available nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium concentration was also high. Heavy metals such as Zn, Fe, Cr, Cu, Mg, Pb and Mn were also analyzed. This soil contains high amount of heavy metals where Cu followed by Magnesium was the highest among them and exceed permissible limits. The effluent from the coffee industry was the major source of pollution which will affect the flora and fauna existing in such soil environment. Thus, there is need for treatment of coffee industry effluent before they are discharged into the soil environment.
1 illus, 1 table, 23 ref
WIDIANINGSIH W, HARTATI R, ENDRAWATI H, MAHENDRAJAYA R T, SOEGIANTO A
001316 WIDIANINGSIH W, HARTATI R, ENDRAWATI H, MAHENDRAJAYA R T, SOEGIANTO A (Marine Science Dep, Diponegoro Univ, Semarang, Indonesia) : Redescription of Stichopus monotuberculatus (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea, Stichopodidae) of Parang Island, Karimunjawa Archipelago, Central Java, Indonesia. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 894-9.
Stichopus monotuberculatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) belongs to family Stichopodidae, has high commercial value in fisheries trade world. Most of the sea cucumbers belong to family Stichopodidae have long been used for nutritional food and medicine. The objective of the study was to redescribe this species by its phenotype characteristics through morphological keys and review of their ossicles as well as genotype by DNA mapping. The samples were collected from Parang Island and preserved in alcohol 96%. Commercial bleach were used to remove tissue and take the ossicles, then they were examined under light microscope. For genotype characteristic (DNA mapping) extraction DNEasy of tissue (qiagen) was used for extraction of DNA. Primer CO1 was used to amplify the genom. Samples showed that morphologically they were grey-green colour with numerous small dark patches ventrally and grey green to orange-brown with dark green to black patches dorsally with square thick integument/body wall. Calcareous ring radial pieces had a posterior notch and four short anterior points whereas the interradial pieces had a long anterior tooth. The ossicles showed numerous tables-shaped ossicles in the anterior and dorsal tissue of the bodywall, but norossete-shape in dorsal body wall which is the characteristic of S. monotuberculatus. DNA sequencing of nine samples showed that all samples had got 93-99% similaritywith Stichopus monotuberculatus haplotype4, 5, 9, and 13. This result confirmed the identification through morphology and ossicles characters. It is approved the presence of S. monotuberculatu (Quoy and Gaimard, 1833) in Parang Island, Karimunjawa Archipelago, Jepara.
1 illus, 1 table, 23 ref
SALAHUDDIN G, NOMANI M Z M
001314 SALAHUDDIN G, NOMANI M Z M (Women’s Coll, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh) : Socio-economic profiling of ganga river basin in fostering environmental sustainability and cultural diversity in India. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 883-7.
The socio-economic propensity of a Ganga river has a seminal bearing upon the physical profile of the land and cultural heritage of India. The socio-economic potentials of Ganga Basin are enormous because of agroclimatic blessings of perennial character and the cropping season. It produces a substantial agricultural surplus, food security and water sustainability from northern to eastern India and Bangladesh. The variability and viability of over 600 million people’s agricultural landholdings depend on the Ganga basin in India. As a bio-physical entity, The Ganga stands 34th rank among the major world rivers in terms of the bio-physical existence having a total area of only 1.01 million km2 . The compact and coherent Ganga Basin at some places sustain the highest population density in the world. The paper dwells on the socio-economic profiling of Ganga basin in fostering environmental sustainability and cultural diversity and spiritual reverence of Indian people
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LIBIAD M, KHABBACH A, ENNABILI A
001312 LIBIAD M, KHABBACH A, ENNABILI A (Abdelmalek Essaâdi Univ, Tetouan- 93000, Morocco) : Checklist of the wetland facultative vascular flora from Morocco. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 860-75.
Wetlands are of increasing interest for scientists and managers. Numerous works were carried out on wetland vascular plants from Morocco, but it not obvious to come up with a comprehensive synthesis or an update of the data. To highlight the current state of knowledge on wetland facultative vascular plants from Morocco, a synthesis of previous related works was carried out. Thus, an inventory of 338 plant taxa, belonging to 220 genera and 72 botanical families, has been established. The endemic taxa are represented by 65 species and subspecies. In addition, 58 species and subspecies are included in the IUCN red list. The geographical distribution and, where appropriate, the auto-ecological data have also been reported for each taxon inventoried.
1 illus, 48 ref
RAVISHANKAR S S, NAGARAJA B C
001311 RAVISHANKAR S S, NAGARAJA B C (Environmental Sciences Dep, Bangalore Univ, Bangalore- 560 056, Karnataka) : Two decadeal land use land cover of Kodagu district of Western Ghats, South India. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 855-9.
The present study is focused on assessing two decadeal land use land cover using Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System for the year 1999 and 2019. Simultaneously, the Landsat 5 imagerires for February 1999 and Landsat 8 for February 2019 were used , Pre-processing of the acquired geocoded subscene of selected study area for 1999 and 2019 was performed using ERDAS Imagine. The study revealed that Evergreen forests have decreased by 9.4%, on the other hand, the area of Semi-evergreen forest, Moist Deciduous Forest, Dry Deciduous forest, Scrubforest and Forest Plantation has increased by 1.21%, 1.17%, 1.03%, 0.10% and 0.56% respectively. The water bodies have decreased by 0.8% from 1.2% to 0.4%. The change of barren land is negligible from 0.16% to 0.17%. The area of Grasslands, Agricultural plantations, Built-up and mining areas have increased from 2.73%, 28.26%, 0.37% and 0.03% to 3.76%, 36.38%, 1.79% and 0.06% respectively.The information maps generated out of this study will help will help the fron-tline forest officials to trace back the degraded areas and undertake site specific conservation plan.
2 illus, 1 table, 26 ref
ISDIANTO A, LUTHFI O M, HAYKAL M F, HARAHAB N, KURNIAWAN A, WICAKSONO A D, SUPRIYADI, PUTRANTO T W C , SOEGIANTO A
001310 ISDIANTO A, LUTHFI O M, HAYKAL M F, HARAHAB N, KURNIAWAN A, WICAKSONO A D, SUPRIYADI, PUTRANTO T W C , SOEGIANTO A (Marine Sciences Dep, Brawijaya Univ, Malang- 65145, Indonesia) : Identification of seagrass types to support coastal resilience at Kondang Buntung Beach, Indonesia. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 847-54.
Seagrass is a flowering plant (Angiosperms), one seed (monocot) which has leaves, flowers, fruit, roots and rhizomes (rhizomes). Seagrass is a plant that lives and grows in relatively shallow waters (1 - 10 meters), has a mud or sand bottom. Seagrass is a plant that lives in groups, groups of seagrass are called seagrass beds. Seagrass beds are ecosystems that can maintain the balance of the aquatic ecosystem. Seagrass ecosystems have several ecological benefits, such as being a food source for aquatic biota, stabilizing substrate, primary producers of sediment trapping, and protecting marine organisms. Collecting seagrass data in the field includes identification of seagrass species, calculating the percentage of cover of each species on quadrant transects measuring 1 X 1 m2 , and calculating the density of the number of individuals / stands. The type of seagrass found on Kondang Buntung Beach is Halodule uninervis. With seagrass density values ranging from 590 - 740 stands / m2 . As well, the percentage of seagrass cover ranges from 18-19%. The seagrass ecosystem is one of the ecosystems that can support the resilience of coastal ecosystems, because the seagrass ecosystem has high biodiversity that can support the survival of biota and its surrounding ecosystem.
3 illus, 4 tables, 28 ref
NIRMALA T, KRISHNAVENI, PRIYA K J
001309 NIRMALA T, KRISHNAVENI, PRIYA K J (PG and Research Centre of Zoology, Tamil Nadu) : Efficiencies and growth rate of caged feral bird, the blue rock pigeon (Columba livia). Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 841-6.
One of the most challenging aspects of feeding birds is a challenging aspect to take care of them in cages. Four pairs of pigeon were selected and fed with four different types of the food such as millet, millet-rice, millet-sorghum, and millet-wheat each with 50 g of feed during January-March, 2009. The birds fed with millet-rice, millet-sorghum and millet-wheat showed an increase of its body weight viz. 5, 17 and 30 g respectively. The amount of food consumed by the Columba livia between January and March was 5026.4 g. The food consumed and assimilation was high in millet-wheat low in millet-rice. The mean and standard deviation of net conversion efficiency, gross conversion efficiency, assimilation efficiency, assimilation rate, was high in millet-wheat but food metabolism was high in millet-sorghum. The food conversion was high in millet-wheat (78.3 ± 33.87) and it was high during March and low in January.
10 illus, 29 ref
LATUPAPUA Y T, PATTINASARANY C K, TETELAY F F
001307 LATUPAPUA Y T, PATTINASARANY C K, TETELAY F F (Forestry Dep, Pattimura Univ, Maluku, Indonesia) : Community-based ecotourism development as a response efforts in addressing the hunting and trading activities of endemic birds by communities in the center of the Central Maluku District Manusela National Park (A case study in the utilization zone of the Masihulan Village). Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 827-35.
Ecotourism is a form of tourism management that prioritizes the process of community participation and empowerment. Manusela National Park is one of the ecotourist attraction centers in Central Maluku Regency, Maluku Province, and it has a distinctive as well as an endemic diversity of flora and fauna. Furthermore, it is supported by local communities with the opportunity of being a source of ecotourism attraction. Therefore, this study aims to examine ecotourism towards the activities of communities in buffer zones following the capturing and trading of endemic bird species. Data collection techniques were implemented by observing the habitat of endemic birds, and in-depth interviews were conducted to investigate the activities of catching and trading by the community. Descriptive qualitative and quantitative analytical methods were adopted in this study. Also, analysis of assistance to protect the development of socio-economic measures before and after community-based ecotourism in the Manusela National Park was conducted. The results showed that people increasingly understand the protection of endemic birds, which improves the well-being of communities in the area. The activities of this community have an impact on the capture and trading of endemic birds by increasing the interest of investments.
2 illus, 4 tables, 32 ref
DAS A, DESAI J
001306 DAS A, DESAI J (Biosciences Dep, Veer Narmad South Gujarat Univ, Surat, Gujarat) : Prediction of future land use land cover changes in Valsad District, Gujarat using remote sensing. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 819-26.
The main objective of the present article is to attempt to predict future land use land cover patterns based on current land use land cover. Remote sensed Landsat images of Valsad district were studied over 20 years (1998 - 2018) to predict the future in 2028. We used Arc GIS, ENVI, and IDRISI Selva software for our study. Preprocessing, classification, and post-classification processing of Landsat images in the years 1998, 2008, and 2018 were done in ENVI, administrative boundary shapefile, and post-classification corrections were done using Arc GIS, the prediction was done using Markov Chain Modeling of IDRISI Selva. The result showed that in the year from 1998 to 2018, there has been an increase in the built-up area, plantation, cultivated land, and dry deciduous forested area. A decrease in water and aquaculture, mudflat and saltpan, scrublands, barren land, Casuarina plantation, and mangrove areas. This study will act as a database for sustainable ecological management of the Valsad district in the future. This study will help in determining the ecological sustainability of the district in the future.
3 illus, 3 tables, 9 ref
KURNIAWAN A, HARIATI A M, KURNIAWAN A, WIADNYA D G R
001305 KURNIAWAN A, HARIATI A M, KURNIAWAN A, WIADNYA D G R (Brawijaya Univ, Malang, Indonesia) : A New Record of Osteochilus spilurus Bleeker, 1851 (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) in Bangka and Belitung Island, Indonesia. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 816-8.
Osteochilus spilurus is native freshwater fish in Sundaland. Previous records of this species in Indonesia indicate a dispersed gap between The Sumatera and the Kalimantan Islands, namely Bangka Belitung Archipelago. A new record in Bangka and the Belitung Islands completes its distribution in Southeast Asia. Fishes with O. spilurus morphological characters have been found in five separate regencies.
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NOVRIADHY D, YAZID M, FAIZAL M, NGUDIANTORO
001301 NOVRIADHY D, YAZID M, FAIZAL M, NGUDIANTORO (Graduate School of Sriwijaya Univ, Indonesia) : The importance of environmental services inclusion in waste management: The Household responses in Palembang City. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 783-9.
The environmental sociology perspective highlighted how to overcome the ecological degradation based on social aspect inclusion in such solving action that seemed useful to solve household waste management problems in Palembang City. The study aims to assess household responses to the importance of water and air quality services inclusion in waste management. The research used a choice experiment by using a half-fraction factorial design. The number of attributes used was four; each of them had two levels. Attributes used were water and air quality, cost, and sorting of waste. The conditional logit regression approach interprets the marginal coefficient of willingness to pay for environmental services. The findings showed that water quality was more likely to be one of the considerations in choosing a waste management model rather than air quality. Households were more willing to pay in time-allocation-to-separate-waste form rather than paid additional fees. The spatially differentiated action should be taken to increase the effectiveness of waste collecting. The waste management policy should view as mandatory for every citizen. This perspective could give additional benefits to counter the hedonic factors.
1 illus, 4 tables, 23 ref
TAW T B, ABDUL JABBAR A T
001300 TAW T B, ABDUL JABBAR A T (Gondar Univ, Ethiopia) : Impact of using improved cooking appliance on household energy expenditure. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 776-82.
Although access to improved biomass stove has been increasing over time and vital to sustainable development, there is very limited trend of using improved cooking facilities for cooking. This is partially due to lack of concrete evidence about the actual impact of using modern cooking facilities on energy expenditure. Although it is expected that using modern cooking facilities reduce energy expenditure, households with an improved stove may use more energy than households with traditional stove if there is strong rebound effect. Hence, the impact of using improved cookstove over traditional cookstove on energy demand is inconclusive. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of using modern cookstoves on household energy expenditure. The study used a combination of sampling methods. Structured questionnaires were employed to collect primary data. Two sample t-test and PSM are used to investigate the existence of expenditure difference among users of different stoves. The t-test result revealed that using improved biomass stove over traditional stove has no significant impact on household energy expenditure. On the other hand, the PSM result indicates that improved biomass stoves have significant impact on household energy expenditure. The finding of the study suggested that creation of awareness on the benefit of using improved cooking appliance is important.
1 illus, 4 tables, 29 ref
TANG B, HARAHAB N, TJAHYONO A, MUSA M
001299 TANG B, HARAHAB N, TJAHYONO A, MUSA M (Brawijaya Jl Veteran Univ, Malang- 65145, Indonesia) : The condition of coral reefs of the larea-larea Island in the sembilan Island region, Sinjai Regency South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 770-5.
The waters condition of Sembilan Island is an indicator for the quality of the environment in the land and sea areas. These indicators include the status of damage to coral reefs. River water sedimentation and pollution, is a source of damage from the land area. While the source of damage from the sea in the form of sea waves and sea water pollution. This research aims to; (1) to find out the current condition of coral reefs in the Larearea island region in support of marine tourism activities; 2) find out the parameters of water quality in supporting the development of marine tourism in the Sembilan island. The results of this study are expected to contribute ideas that are beneficial to policy makers and decision makers in providing development direction and can be used as a reference in the development policy of the Sembilan Island region. This research was conducted from October to November 2019 in the island of Sembilan, Sinjai Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Location of coral reef sampling and water quality on Larearea Island in 2 Stations, namely Station 1 at coordinates: 05 ° 04 ’15.88 “S and 120o 23' 36.98” E and Station 2 at coordinates: 05 ° 04 ’15, 88 “S and 120o 23 ’36.98" E. The data to be observed are coral reefs using the survey method and using Landsat 8. The survey of coral reef conditions was conducted using the LIT (Line Intercept Transeck) method (English, 1997). From observations using Landsat 8 images of coral reef conditions on Larearea Island, Sinjai Regency, South Sulawesi Province, there are live corals of 17.45 ha, dead corals of 27.23 ha and sandy areas of 1.99 ha. Coral cover on the waters of Larearea Island is included in the damaged category 8.9% to 24.35. Live coral is dominated by massive and branched growth types, while dead coral is dominated by dead coral overgrown with algae.
2 illus, 4 tables, 17 ref
AL-MAYYAHI R S, AL-TUMAH W A G
001297 AL-MAYYAHI R S, AL-TUMAH W A G (Clinical Laboratory Science Dep, Basrah Univ, Iraq) : Adolescents are more sensitive than adults to the effects of radio frequency waves: A histopathological study in mice. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 759-63.
Increasing use of technological devices such as mobile phones and radar equipment has raised concerns about the possible harmful effects caused by exposure to radio frequency waves emitted from these devices. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of radio frequency exposure on brain histopathology of male mice in two different age groups. A total of 18 healthy male albino mice were used in this study. They were classified into three groups: Control group (unexposed group) and experimental groups include adolescent group (postnatal day 21) and adult group (postnatal day 60) which were exposed to 10 GHz frequency with 60 mW power for 2 h per day for 4 weeks. Histologic findings show that exposure of male mice to radio frequency waves caused severe histopathological alterations in the brain leading to brain necrosis. Severity of histopathological alterations was associated with the age of mice as the alterations were more prominent in adolescent group compare with adult group. However, further molecular and cellular studies are needed to clarify the exact mechanism of radio frequency wave exposure on the brain.
3 illus, 27 ref
ZAMAN Y R, WIGUNO T A A, DEWI N N, AGUSTONO, WULANSARI P D, PRAYOGO, FAUZAN A L
001296 ZAMAN Y R, WIGUNO T A A, DEWI N N, AGUSTONO, WULANSARI P D, PRAYOGO, FAUZAN A L (Airlangga Univ, East Java, Indonesia) : Combination of biofloc and sex reversal technology in red tilapia intensive culture (Oreochromis niloticus): Performance of culture and water quality profile. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 752-8.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of biofloc technology using male monosex larvae to the growth rate, survival rate, feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency, and water quality profile of red tilapia with different stocking densities. The method of this research was monosex red tilapia production (masculinization) using immersion of tilapia larvae aged 10 days after hatching using the hormone 17ámetiltestosterone at a dose of 2 mg/l, stocking density of 250 individuals/m3 at 36 °C for 4 hours. Then the biofloc treatment with a density of 50 fish/m3 and 100 fish/m3 without biofloc and with biofloc C/N ratio 15. The results obtained that the pond with biofloc treatment has specific growth rate, average daily gain, feed efficiency, and survival rate higher than control. In addition it has a lower FCR value for biofloc treatment, especially in ponds with stocking densities of 100 fish/m3 . In this study, ponds with biofloc treatment at 100 fish/m3 stocking densities gave the best results on aquaculture performance.
6 illus, 1 table, 28 ref
SHARMA M, SINGH R K, SHARMA C K
001295 SHARMA M, SINGH R K, SHARMA C K (Bioscience and Biotechnology Dep, Banasthali Vidyapith, Vanasthali- 304 022, Rajasthan) : Hepatoprotective activity of Vitis vinifera L. Fruit against CCL4 induced toxicity. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 745-51.
Liver-related diseases have become a global concern worldwide. Hepatic cells damage is mostly caused by a variety of toxic chemicals like carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ), acetaminophen (APAP), antibiotics and thioacetamide. For the treatment of liver diseases herbal based therapeutics has been used from long time in India and has become popular all over world by leading pharmaceuticals. But in some places herbal medicines are still not acceptable for the treatment of liver diseases due to its limiting factors. V. vinifera have numerous medicinal properties such as it acts as vasoprotective, astringent, diuretic and hepatoprotective activity. In this present study we used V. vinifera as hepatoprotective agent which can be used as a good therapeutic agents against liver toxicity and also for the successful development of drug delivery in near future.
3 tables, 16 ref
KOUAKOU C Y, TIEMOKO C D, BENE J-C K, KOFFI A D, BEDA A A, TONDOSSAMA A
001293 KOUAKOU C Y, TIEMOKO C D, BENE J-C K, KOFFI A D, BEDA A A, TONDOSSAMA A (Jean Lorougnon Guede Univ, Daloa, Cote d’Ivoire) : Occurrence and relative abundance indices of the western roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus koba) and other mammals at mount Sangbé National Park, Côte d’Ivoire. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 730-40.
Due to recent socio-political unrest in Côte d’Ivoire, information data gaps of mammals, including the western roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus koba), have persisted. This study therefore aims at measuring the diversity and population status of mammals and their relative abundance at Mount Sangbé National Park (MSNP for conservation. We conducted camera trapping surveys from February until May 2018 at two sites in the northern and eastern sections of MSNP. After 731 trap days, we confirmed the presence of H. Equinuskoba and 26 other mammals’ species belonging to five Orders: Cetartiodactyls, Carnivores, Primates, Rodents, and Tubulidentata with 15, five, four, two, and one species observed within the orders, respectively. The roan antelope occurred in the surveyed sites with a Relative Abundance Index (RAI) of 8.91 and 0.27, respectively. The RAI varied among three species: Potamochoerus porcus, Tragelaphus scriptus, and Philantomba maxwellii which we found to have relatively high RAI values of 11.76, 10.67, and 10.40, respectively. Alpha diversity indices differed between the woodland and savanna habitats in species richness (p<0.001), in their Shannon indices (p<0.001), in their dominance indices (p<0.001) and for the equitability index (p=0.008). Similarly, we found differences between the dry forest and savanna habitats in species richness (p<0.001), Shannon indices (p<0.001), in dominance indices (p<0.001), but no difference the equitability indices of these habitats (p=0.424). We recommend further studies in all habitat types of the entire park to better understand the population status of mammals inhabiting MSNP in order to ensure the conservation of its biodiversity.
4 illus, 3 tables, 39 ref
SANA’A ODAT
001292 SANA’A ODAT (Earth and Environmental Science Dep, Faculty of Science Yarmouk Univ, Irbid, Jordan) : Assessment study of air pollution in Amman- Jordan. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 722-9.
In the period from May 2014 to May 2015, air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM10), sulphur dioxide (SO2 ) , nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ) , ozone (O3 ), and carbon monoxide (CO), were measured from seven ambient air quality monitoring stations located in Amman. The locations of the measurement stations were chosen based on preliminary mapping of the city and the monitoring sites were chosen in a way that ensures a fair and comprehensive representation of anthropogenic activities throughout the city. In addition a reference station was located at the King Hussein Gardens that continuously monitor air quality in urban areas, traffic dominated sites, and industrial zones. Statistical modeling was used to research the impact of the local weather conditions. The main study results indicate that the monitoring of gas contaminants was small and the annual mean concentration within the Jordanian ambient air limit 1140/2006 except for the PM10, when the annual limit laid out by Jordanian standards was exceeded and this could be due to dust and local source pollution, including motor vehicles.
12 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref
AL-BIDHANI M F, SALEH S M, KHWEDEM A A, AL-SAAD H T
001291 AL-BIDHANI M F, SALEH S M, KHWEDEM A A, AL-SAAD H T (Basrah Univ, Basrah, Iraq) : N-Alkanes in the southern part of Al – Hammar marsh, Southern Iraq. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 716-21.
Marshes are one of the oldest natural water bodies in the Middle East located in southern Iraq, where Tigris and Euphrates rivers meet. It represents natural sources of much food stuff such as fish, agricultural materials and cows. Also, it considers a shelter for hundreds of migratory birds in winter. The present study includes the collection of water samples from different areas of Al – Hammar marsh to estimate the concentration of normal alkanes which were analyzed by using capillary Gas Chromatography (GC) technique. The concentrations of normal alkanes were (0.039, 0.002, 0.002, 0.001) µg/l in (Lusan Harer, Almusahab, Alnakara and Alburka) respectively. In addition the study included evaluating the Carbon Preference Index (CPI) for the same areas which were (0.083, 0.263, 0.312 , 0.086 ) respectively, which indicate that the hydrocarbons in these areas were from anthropogenic origin.
6 illus, 2 tables, 26 ref
RAHMAN L, MARZUKI A, SUKAMTO, AZIS M
001290 RAHMAN L, MARZUKI A, SUKAMTO, AZIS M (Hasanuddin Univ, Makassar, Indonesia) : Antibacterial cream activity test of Banyuru extract combination (Pterospermum celebicum Miq) DAN Bee pollen. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 709-15.
A study has been conducted on the formulation and antibacterial effects of banyuru cream extract (Pterospermum celebicum Miq) and bee pollen. The aim of this research is to know the antibacterial effect of cream preparation from banyuru extract (Pterospermum celebicum Miq) and bee pollen on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeroginosa isolates by agar diffusion method. The banyuru extract (Pterospermum celebicum Miq) and bee pollen were formulated in cream dosage form with the concentration ratio of banyuru extract (Pterospermum celebicum Miq) and beepollen F1 (3: 3) %, F2 (3: 2)%, and F3 (3: 1)%. Evaluation of the preparation includes organoleptic examination such as odor, color and homogeneity, pH, viscosity and antibacterial. The results showed that inhibition zone of F1, F2 and F3 on Staphylococcus aureus was 19.60 mm, 18.44 mm and 17.1 mm while in Pseudomonas aeroginosa that was 18.90 mm, 17.91 mm and 16.15 mm. The results showed homogeneous preparations, pH according to skin pH and viscosity increased. The results of antibacterial cream evaluation showed that formula 1 gave the best effectiveness with inhibit zone of 19.60 mm and 18.90 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeroginosa isolates.
7 tables, 10 ref
MAITY M, BANERJEE R
001289 MAITY M, BANERJEE R (Bio-Sciences Dep, Seacom Skills Univ, Birbhum- 731 236) : Water quality demonstrates detrimental effects on Mystus species indicating pollutant toxicity. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 700-8.
Water quality of some water bodies in Haldia. Mystus gulio was treated for 20 days in laboratory conditions from water collected from the selected sources. Post assessment they were assessed through histopathological studies as well as on some physical and biochemical parameters. The study provided noticeable histopathological lesions depending on the pollution level of the water source on tissue samples of muscle, gill and parts of skin which were stained with haematoxylin -eosin. Treatment wise variations were also observed in biochemical and physiological parameters. Cellular degeneration, splitting of muscle fibre, edema were common symptoms for muscle study and absence of secondary gill lamellae, epithelial rupture, epithelial lifting, cell hypertrophy were found for gill study. The study indicated that the water sources contained different types of pollutants which had different toxic effects on the aquatic pollution load. The study concluded not only the presence of pollutants but also the response of the organisms being in direct contact with surrounding environment where the fish species acted as a biomarker.
3 illus, 3 tables, 45 ref
VALEN F S, SAMBAH A B, WICAKSONO K P, WIDODO M S, SOEMARNO, HASAN V
001288 VALEN F S, SAMBAH A B, WICAKSONO K P, WIDODO M S, SOEMARNO, HASAN V (Agriculture Science Dep, Brawijaya Univ, Malang- 65145, Indonesia) : Genetic diversity of yellow finnedbarb mystacoleucus marginatus (Valenciennes, 1842) (Teleostei, Cyprinidea) in Brantas basin Upstream, Indonesia. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 695-9.
Mystacoleucus marginatus, a native freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae, is known from parts of Southeast Asia and Western Indonesia Archipelago (Borneo, Sumatra, and Java). This study aims to identify the genetic diversity of M. marginatus in the Brantas basin upstream, Java, Indonesia based on the Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I (COI) gene. The results showed that M. marginatus in the Brantas basin upstream had 2 Haplotypes with Haplotype diversity (Hd) = 0.222 and nucleotides diversity (Pi) = 0.00041.
2 illus, 3 tables, 18 ref
MAULIDYA K D, WIRADANA P A, PUTRANTO T W C, SOEGIANTO A
001286 MAULIDYA K D, WIRADANA P A, PUTRANTO T W C, SOEGIANTO A (Airlangga Univ, Surabaya- 60115, Indonesia) : Abalone (Haliotis squamata) enlargement technique using a floating net cage method as a preliminary study of mariculture. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 685-9.
The world abalone market demand is increasing in line with the increasing need for various protein sources, and therefore the abalone (Haliotis squamata) is enlarged using the floating net cage method. The activity of this study was held at the Center for Mariculture of Lombok Sea located in Village Sekotong Barat, Subdistrict of Sekotong, West Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province on January 18 until February 18, 2016. The enlargement of abalone using the floating net cages method needs a series of enlargement activities starting from the selection of location, preparation for nets, spreading seeds, cultivation of seeds, sampling for growth, sorting out, and grading and harvesting abalone in the size of consumption. Seeds that are spread for the enlargement are healthy seeds and responsive with the size of a seed of 2-3 cm. Foods used in the enlargement of abalone (Haliotis squamata) are Gracillaria sp. by means of giving the foods in ad libitum once in a day. The parameter of water quality includes temperature around 28.7 o C, pH 7.5, the salinity of 29 ppt, and DO 4,8 mg/l. Factors influencing the growth of abalone are foods, water quality, and pests and diseases. As for the obstacles encountered in the process of abalone, enlargement is dirt and pests, and large current surge resulted in low abalone life-span.
5 illus, 1 table, 14 ref
UDHAYA KUMAR K, ANNADURAI B
001285 UDHAYA KUMAR K, ANNADURAI B (Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore- 641 114, Tamil Nadu) : Distribution of algal diversity in the rice field. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 679-84.
A good understanding of the distribution of algal communities in paddy fields in the wetland ecosystem is essential. Moderate temperature, high light nutrient and water availability appears to be better conditions for algal growth in the rice field habitat. Diverse chlorophycean taxa with wide range of thallus structure were collected and identified of the algal communities using image processing techniques from microscopic images. It’s belonging to various orders that is, Oedogoniales, Zygnematales, Cladophorales, Chlorococcales, Ulotrichales etc. The collected algal samples of dry matter, nitrogen, carbon and sugar content are analysed. Oedogonium australe showed that higher percentage of dry matter averaged 6.25% whereas, Navicula (2.70%) showed very low amount of dry matter compared to other algae communities. Similarly, Nitrogen content of the collected algal biomasses was equivalent to values ranging from 1.20 to 3.95. Oedogonium australe showed highest percentage of sugar (22.5) and carbon content (23.7), whereas, Tribonema regulare revealed very low percentage of carbon (10.3) and sugar (10.1). At the same time, experimental paddy field soil nutrients were changed because of the algal growth. This study reveals that the varietal numbers of algal diversity will help to increase the nutrient status in the soil.
2 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref
MUHAMMAD L, ARIFIN L S, DWISUSANTO Y B
001284 MUHAMMAD L, ARIFIN L S, DWISUSANTO Y B (Architecture Dep, Parahyangan Catholic Univ, Bandung, Indonesia) : Evaluation of housing resilience in post-disaster housing of Pager Jurang and Dongkelsari, Yogyakarta. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 673-8.
Although research on housing and settlement is not new, however, little is known about the concept of resilience in the resettlement of disaster-affected communities. The ability of housing to meet the needs of occupants has become a major challenge. As an adaptation process, changes that lead to failure to maintain the principle of resilience become a phenomenon that often occurs. With a case study of post-disaster housing Pager Jurang and Dongkelsari in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, this article analyzes the changes occurred in relation to housing resilience understanding. This research was conducted by analyzing the changes associated with the understanding of housing resilience by using a descriptive qualitative approach based on direct observation, interviews, and analysis of secondary data and literature. Physical, spatial, and culture become 3 main issues that are analyzed and linked to social capital and physical capital to find a new understanding of housing resilience. The study finds that the understanding of resilience should not only focus on physical and measurable matters but also need to give greater focus to non-physical matters which in the longer phase turned out to be very significant on the level of housing resilience and play a major role in its sustainability.
11 illus, 7 ref
MUAINI, ZAMRONI, DWININGRUM S I A
001282 MUAINI, ZAMRONI, DWININGRUM S I A (Yogyakarta State Univ, Indonesia) : The impact of social culture on sustainable tourism development at Sade Villlage Central Lombok, Indonesia. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 656-62.
Tourism development is crucial at Sade Village because it has an impact on socio-cultural changes in society. The development of globalized tourism has led to intensive communication with tourists. The research aims to uncover and describe the socio-cultural impacts of the Sasak tribe community at Sade Village. This research uses ethnographic research methods with participatory observation data collection techniques, interviews, documentation, field notes and data analysis by using inductive. The results show that there were social and cultural impacts of the community. Before the existence of tourism development,the community only rely on agricultural sector and looking for job input of the region. However, after tourism sector has developed, the community got opportunity to work in the tourism sector. The community has a new social organization that focuses on tourism activities such as tourism managers and tourism awareness group. There was a transformation on the language too. Previously, the local community only used the Sasak language to communicate. After the existence of tourism, people who work in the tourism sector must be able to master a variety of foreign languages and changes to the family structure.
1 illus, 1 table, 31 ref
NAME J
001280 NAME J (Agricultural Technology Dep, Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat Univ, Pathum Thani- 13180, Thailand) : Survey and identification of sugarcane insects and their natural enemies in Sa Kaeo Province, Thailand. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 645-9.
Sugarcane is one of the most important industrial crops in Thailand. The Sa Kaeo province in the east of Thailand is a crucial source for sugarcane production in the country. The information of insect pest identification is signified in the primary step for the pest management. Therefore, this study was focused on the surveillance of sugarcane insect pests and natural enemies in Sa Kaeo. A study on insect Pest diversity was primarily observed duringa field survey on eight districts and conducted in the months of March to November, 2019. The sugarcane insect pests were collected by sweep netting and identified by taxonomic classification. About 31 species of insects belonging to 21 families and 7 orders, were associated with sugarcane crop pest and 11 species comprising 10 families and 5 orders were recovered as natural enemies. The species diversity was in the range of 1.63-2.49 and maximum was revealed in Nong Bon district. The highest species evenness was observed in the field from Khok Pi Kong district (0.59) while, the field of Sa Khwan district was the least (0.34). The Simpson’s Index (D) and Simpson’s Index of Diversity (1 – D) were highest in the field of Ta Yaek district as 0.12 and 0.88, respectively. The lower of those indices were obtained from Ban Klaeng’s field (0.13 and 0.87).
2 tables, 21 ref
ZAIDI K, KHAMMAR H, HADJAB R, SAHEB M, ZAIDI S, DJEMOI M
001278 ZAIDI K, KHAMMAR H, HADJAB R, SAHEB M, ZAIDI S, DJEMOI M (Life and Nature Sciences Dep, Larbi Ben M’hidi Univ, Oum El Bouaghi- 04000, Algeria) : An inventory of the myrmecofauna at five semi-arid sites in East of Algeria. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 632-8.
In a contribution to the study of the bioecology of ant populations in eastern Algeria, an inventory of the Myrmecofauna was carried out in five sites belonging to three wilayas: Oum El Bouaghi, Constantine and Souk Ahras. These sites are considered as different ecological environments (forest, agricultural and aquatic environment). This inventory has been defined by the presence of 09 species of ants, each of which is attached to a biotope, the different biotic and abiotic factors that favour their adaptation are studied. The 9 species of Formicidae belong to the 5 genera: Tapinoma, Cataglyphis, Camponotus, Messor and Monomorium of 3 subfamilies: Dolichoderinae, Formicinae and Myrmicinae. The calculation of the ecological indices, a statistical analysis was carried out to evaluate the abundance, richness and the distribution of these species.
4 illus, 2 tables, 30 ref
ABED I M, JABBAR M K, MNSOUR R J
001277 ABED I M, JABBAR M K, MNSOUR R J (Al-Qasim Green Univ, Iraq) : Study of faba bean stimulation by spraying different concentrations of ethel methane sulphate on shoot apexes. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 628-31.
The experiment was conducted during winter season 2019-2020 in the fields of agriculture college – Wasit university. The experiment was carried out as a split-plot design based on Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications, the main plots were included the genotypes G1 : Luz de Otono, G2 : Mulish and G3 : Lot nr 5771 (the genotypes were characterized in Table 1), sub plots were included four concentrations of mutagenesis Ethyl methane sulphonate (E0 : control, E1 : 1 ppm, E2 : 5 ppm and E3 : 10 ppm) were sprayed on shoot apexes after emergence, the results appeared as : The genotype (G2) recorded the highest average leaf area in a plant and plant seed yield while the genotype (G3) was superior in number pods per plant, number of days until 50% flowering and plant seed yield, the concentration (E3) was given the highest average for the leaf area, number of pods per plant, number of days until 50% flowering and plant seed yield, the interaction (G3*E3) gave the highest average for the leaf area, number pods per plant, number days until 50% flowering and plant seed yield.
3 tables, 11 ref
USANOVA Z I, MIGULEV P I, FARINYUK Y T, PAVLOV M N, VASILIEV A S
001274 USANOVA Z I, MIGULEV P I, FARINYUK Y T, PAVLOV M N, VASILIEV A S (Tvers State Agricultural Academy, Tver, Russia) : Corn hybrids: Increasing the fresh yield capacity. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 611-4.
This paper presents the results of a study of the productivity of 34 corn hybrids. It was revealed that the hybrids LG 30189 (Lima Grain, France) and Zeta 110 S (LABOULET, France) with a total fresh yield of 87.5 and 91.8 t/ha and absolute dry yield of 21.39 and 18.52 t/ha were the most productive. The cultivation of hybrids of the 1st productivity group in the conditions of the Russian market of agricultural products is economically profitable, which allowed obtaining 61.3 to 83.4 thousand rubles/ha of imputed net income with a production profitability level of 180.8 to 209.9%.
1 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref
HAKIM M M, IRFANNUDDIN, HERMANSYAH, NOVRIKASARI
001273 HAKIM M M, IRFANNUDDIN, HERMANSYAH, NOVRIKASARI (Environmental Sciences Dep, Sriwijaya Univ, Palembang- 30139, Indonesia) : Environmental and host factors of diarrhea occurence in toddlers of Banyuasin District. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 599-610.
Inadequate environmental sanitation and the growth phase of toddlers where they are prone to diarrhea, makes diarrhea a cause of high morbidity and mortality in toddlers. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of environmental and host factors on the occurence of diarrhea in toddlers of two wetland areas that have different characteristics. This study used cross-sectional method and cluster random sampling. Samples were 148 Family Heads from Gasing Village and 148 Family Heads from Tanjung Lago Village. Data Analysis was using univariate and bivariate. The prevalence of toddlers with diarrhea in Tanjung Lago and Gasing villages is not much different at around 21 %. In Tanjung Lago Village, latrine sanitation, sewerage and income factors are significantly related to the occurence of diarrhea in toddlers. In Gasing Village, the factors of clean water sources, latrine sanitation, latrine quality, knowledge and hand washing with soap are significantly related to the occurence of diarrhea in toddlers. Sanitary environmental factors and clean water resources management and water were both able to contribute in reducing cases of diarrhea in toddlers.
1 illus, 3 tables, 32 ref