Dwivedi D V
005050 Dwivedi D V (NO, , R-22/6, Harmu Housing Colony, Ranchi, Jharkhand-834 001) : Environment care depicted in the sanskrit literature. Mendel int J 2007, 24(3-4), 83-5.
The vast Sanskrit Literature can enable us to restore the cordial relationship between man and nature. Environment includes The sun, The moon, forests, oceans, rivers, soils mountains, sky, stars and God as well. The Sanskrit literature depicts that a cordial relation with them are sure to show their mercy and blessing for our well being.
12 ref
Deepali;Joshi B D;Jain C K
005049 Deepali;Joshi B D;Jain C K (Zoology and Environmental Sciences Dep, Gurukul Kangri Univ, Haridwar, Uttaranchal) : Biosorption of hexavalent chromium through bacterial strain. Natn J Life Sci 2007, 4(1), 41-5.
The biosorption of Cr (VI) by bacterial strain (Pseudomonas sp.) was studied to developed a laboratory scale model to investigate a cost effective and environment friendly technique and also to evaluate toxicity and biosorption of Cr (VI). This bacterial strain as a biosorbent was remove the hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution. Different concentrates of Cr (VI), were used (10-50 mg/l). Percent removals of Cr (VI) study were conducted during 24, 48 and 72 hours of time period. The maximum metal removal efficiency was found to be 80.16% at 10 mg/l, of hexavalent chromium, after 72 hours of experiment. Growth of Pseudomonas sp., for Cr (VI) was also observed after 72 hours. Minimum and maximum tolerable concentrations were found at 50 mg/l and 10 mg/l respectively for the study period. Study stressed that the Pseudomonas sp. is effective to mitigate pollutants from soils and wafer contaminated with industrial effluent and this process could be used in industries as an eco-friendly and cost effective technique.
2 illus, 1 table, 27 ref
Deepak Kumar;Prakash S;Tewari D D
005048 Deepak Kumar;Prakash S;Tewari D D (Ecology and Environmental Biology Lab., Botany Dep, M.L.K. (P.G.) College, Balrampur-271 201) : Physico-chemical characteristics features of municipal solid wastes in Balrampur - a case study. Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 751-3.
Balrampur is a fast developing city of Uttar Pradesh covers an area of 11.27 km2. With a population of approximately one lakh, a large quantity of municipal solid waste generated in the town has been estimated to be 8 metric/day. The solid waste generated has been categorized and their percent composition estimated. The solid waste constitute 38% dry leaves, grass and cotton rags, 27% coir and wood, 2% paper and card board, 4% plastic and polythene bags and 21% nonbiodegradable wastes. The waste collection generally manual and the solid waste is disposed in open dumps and occasionally for landfill purpose.
1 table, 14 ref
Daga K;Mehta R;Dadhich P K;Gehlot P
005047 Daga K;Mehta R;Dadhich P K;Gehlot P (Enviro-Industrial Lab, Chemistry Dep, M.B.M. Engineering College, J. N. V. University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, Email: punam_isha@yahoo.co.in) : Comparative study and treatment of synthetic dye water using low cost adsorbent. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(3), 1180-90.
A comparative evaluation of low cost and biodegradable adsorbent called polyvinyl alcohol coated activated wood charcoal prepared from furnace black and activated charcoal from Butea monosperma of Thar desert is being used for preparation of adsorbent with high adsorption capacity. Use of such an adsorbent will be of great economic value. This adsorbent can efficiently adsorb a variety of organic compounds. The discusses removal of dyes aniline yellow and orange II by adsorption techniques. The variables studied are pH, initial dye concentration / adsorbent concentration ratio, temperature and contact time. Batch kinetic and isotherm experiments were conducted to determine the sorption - desorption behaviour of the examined dyes from aqueous solution. The aim of the present work is to study the effectiveness of the adsorbate to remove dyes from their aqueous solution and the removal of colour from textile wastewater. With the decreasing pH and dyes concentration, adsorption rate and the amount of dyes adsorbed by adsorbent increase. 1.5 g of adsorbent was added to dye solution prepared at different pH and concentrations. Characteristics of activated carbons were also investigated.
8 illus, 3 tables, 7 ref
Buragohain M;Bhuyan B;Sarma H P
005046 Buragohain M;Bhuyan B;Sarma H P (Environmental Science Dep, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781 014, Email: hpsarma@sify.com) : Fluoride distribution in ground water samples in different locality of Dhemaji district, Assam, India. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(3), 1198-1204.
A critical step in assuring the quality of drinking water resources is to identify the cause of current or potential contamination problems. Research has been carried out to study the distribution of fluoride in ground water in different locations of Dhemaji district, Assam. Twenty five ground water samples from five blocks of Dhemaji district, Assam had been analyzed for pH, hardness and fluoride by adopting standard procedures as described by APHA-A WWA-WPCF. The data were compared with the guideline value given by W.H.O in determining potability with respect to fluoride. The supply of pure and safe water is inadequate in the study area and is almost non-existent in the rural areas. People use water for drinking mostly from shallow tube wells, deep tube wells, rain wells and ponds, which are not completely safe with respect to all aesthetic parameters.
1 illus, 6 tables, 8 ref
Bansal D;Mittal R K;Singh Chandel C P
005045 Bansal D;Mittal R K;Singh Chandel C P (Chemistry Dep, Rajasthan Univ, Jaipur-302 004, Email: chandelcps@rediffmail.com) : Removal of heavy metal ions from polluted water with the help of sodium sulphide. Aquacult 2008, 9(1), 101-4.
Focuses on developing a cost-eflective technology for the removal of heavy metal ions like Pb+2, Hg+2, Cd+2, Cu+2, Sn+2 and As+3 from the polluted water discharged by the industries. The removal of these metal ions from water using Na2S was investigated The effect of pH was found to be most important for precipitation. It was found that these metal ions precipitate in the form of their sulphides under acidic conditions. The range of pH was worked out for the precipitation of different metal ions.
1 table, 17 ref
Banik S;Ray N;Surajit Debnath;Abir Shib
005044 Banik S;Ray N;Surajit Debnath;Abir Shib (Aquatic Environment Research Unit, Life Science Dep, Tirpura Univ, Suryamaninagar-799 130, Email: sukbanik@rediffmail.com) : Impact of climate changing environment on curvival potential of the fish Nandus nandus (Ham.) in Tripura. Envir Ecol 2008, 26(1), 86-90.
Studies were done in a freshwater wetland ecosystem, located at West Tripura. The data were recorded in March 2002 to February 2004 during the period of pre-monsoon, peak-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons respectively. Greater survival potential of the fry of Nandus nandus was noticed during peak monsoon climate. Amongst various climatic parameters, temperature, rainfall, carbon dioxide and dissolved oxygen of peak monsoon season showed significant correlation with the total abundance of fry of Nandus nandus (Ham.) Therefore, the climate of the peak monsoon season may be considered as a triggering factor for creating congenial environment which played important role behind accelerating the survival potential of the fry of Nandus nandus.
5 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref
Banik S;Ray N;Debnath S;Shib A
005043 Banik S;Ray N;Debnath S;Shib A (Aquatic Environment Research Unit, Life Science Dep, Tripura Univ, Suryamaninagar-799 130, Email: sukbanik@rediffmail.com) : Impact of climate changing environment on growth efficiency of Nandus nandus (ham.) in Tripura. Envir Ecol 2008, 26(1), 142-4.
The food intake of fish per day, along with GR, SGR and FCE exhibited relationship with some climatic parameters, such as water temperature, rainfall and photoperiod. Percentage of body weight of the fish Nandus nandus largely depends upon the temperature of the ambient environment. The food intake was greater during summer months. While in winter it was lowest. The observation showed that ambient temperature had significant and positive impact over increasing trend in appetite of the fry of fish. Both the SGR and FCE increased in relation to increasing trend of temperature. The data on length weight relationship highlighted some important information in yield assessment when predicting weight from length. The value of b was > 3.33, so the growth may be known to be positive allometric. The value of a was 0.0073.
1 table, 43 ref
Bagde U S;Upadhye H A;Pandit R S
005042 Bagde U S;Upadhye H A;Pandit R S (Life Sciences Dep, Mumbai Univ, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, Maharashtra) : Effect of cadmium toxicity on certain pathogenic sewage bacteria. Natn J Life Sci 2007, 4(1), 57-62.
Toxic effect of Cadmium on Salmonella paratypi - B and Shigella flexneri isolated from sewage effluent was studied with emphasis on the mode action of metal. In case of Salmonella as well as Shigella 25 ppm concentration of cadmium inhibited growth, blocked synthesis of protein DNA and RNA and arrested the activity of dehydrogenase enzymes such as glutamic, succinic α-ketoglutaric and isocitric dehydrogenase of the TCA cycle. In Salmonella cell wall, membrane and cytoplasm incorporated 11, 57 and 32% cadmium respectively and in case of Shigella, 14, 62 and 20 percent cadmium got localized in cell wall, membrane and cytoplasmic fractions respectively at 25 ppm of cadmium in both the cases. Since the activity of dehydrogenase was inhibited, cells were incapable of oxidizing the substrate, thereby limiting the supply of energy rich compounds like ATP. Resultantly, synthesis of macromolecules decreased considerably and the growth and multiplication of cells got ceased.
8 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref
Akinnibosun H A;Odiete W
005041 Akinnibosun H A;Odiete W (Plant Biology and Biotechnology Dep, Faculty of Life Sciences, Benin Univ, P.M.B. 1154, Ugbowo, Benin City, 300001, Edo State, Nigeria, Email: hakinnibosun@yahoo.co.uk) : Baseline environmental studies of floristic diversity in a proposed crude oil exploration field in Edo state, Nigeria. Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 551-6.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is one of the requirements to be carried out in an area where a development project such as an oil company as well as non oil and gas projects is to be established. As part of this EIA requirement, the documentation or baseline studies of the flora and fauna of such area on which the project is to be sited is of paramount importance. This paper presents the documented floristic diversity of Oghobaghase (Ekosa) field; a proposed crude oil exploration field. The study reveals the occurrence of 89 species of plants belonging to 85 genera and 48 families. In addition to the floristic composition, the economic uses, status, habit and percentage frequency of occurrence of the plant species encountered in this field are also provided.
1 table, 27 ref
Ahmad A;Sharma N
005040 Ahmad A;Sharma N (P. G. Dep of Botany, College of Commerce, Patna-800 020) : Estimation of sulphur contents in the foliage of some plants found around barauni thermal power station. Mendel int J 2007, 24(3-4), 115-16.
Study deals with the accumulation of sulphur due to the emission of coal smoke from Barauni thermal power station on the foliage of some tree around it and compared it with the control samples.
1 table, 6 ref
Venkatachalam P;Meyvel S;Ganapathi Raman R
004083 Venkatachalam P;Meyvel S;Ganapathi Raman R (Physics (DDE) Dep, Annamalai Univ, Tamilnadu) : Physico-chemical analysis of ground water around Salem district. Acta Cienc Indica-Phys 2008, 34(2), 271-80.
A Physico-Chemical study of ground water in Salem district is carried out to ascertain the suitability of water for drinking and irrigation purposes. Physico Chemical parameters of ground water quality is analyzed using the following Physico-chemical parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Carbonate, Bi-carbonate, Calcium, Magnesium, Chloride, Sodium, Potassium and Sulphate used to assess the suitability of the ground water for domestic and irrigational based on WHO and ICMR standard. The results reveal that the groundwaters in some places are contaminated. Some of the parameters in the water samples exceed the permissible limits.
12 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref
Venkata Ramudu M;Nagabhushan Reddy M; Chennaiah K;Indira P
004082 Venkata Ramudu M;Nagabhushan Reddy M; Chennaiah K;Indira P (Zoology Dep, Sri Krishnadevaraya Univ, Anantapur-515 003) : Carbohydrate metabolism in freshwater fish Channa punctatus (Bloch) during sublethal toxicity of deltamethrin in relation to sex. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect A 2008, 27(1), 7-16.
Deltamethrin, a Type-II compound of pyrethroid is highly toxic to fishes and have low toxicity to mammals and birds. Fishes are sensitive to pollutants, but at the same time capable of adapting to pollution stress. Type-II pyrethroid produces a more complex poisoning syndrome and acts on a wider range of tissues. For the present study, Channa punaatus (BLOCH) used as a animal model to elucidate the toxicity of deltamethrin. The temperature in aquaria was 28 ±2°C, the pH was 7.6 ± 0.4, hardness of water 150 ± 10 ppm, the water in aquaria was aerated twice a day in order to provide oxygen and fishes were exposed to the natural photo-period Males weighing 10 ± 2g and females weighing 12 ± 2g were divided into groups of ten each and were exposed to different concentrations of Deltamehrin ranging from 0.02 ppm to 0.2 ppm, five exposure periods i.e. 24 h, 7, 15, 20 and 30 days in sublethal concentration were selected to elucidate the blood glucose, liver and muscle glycogen of both the sexes of fish to the imposed toxic stress at these periods of exposure. The animals were starved for 24 hours period prior to each estimation so as to eliminate the possibility of differential feeding, if any influencing the estimations. It is observed that the levels of blood glucose elevated at 24 h exposure period in relation to control and declined gradually through 7 and 15 day. The percent suppression is maximum at 15 day. From 15th day onwards its level gradually elevated and came nearer to control at 30 day and the values were found to be significant (P<0.001) in both males and females, with little higher amount in females of Channa punctatus. In the present study the levels of liver and muscle glycogen declined at 24 h exposure period in relation to control, following an opposite trend to that of blood glucose. The levels elevated gradually from 24 h onwards to day 15 exposure. From 15th day onwards their level gradually declined and came nearer to control at 30 day exposure period and the values were found to be significant in both sexes of Channa punctatus.
2 tables, 44 ref
Tripathi S;Chakraborty A;Bandyopadhyay B K; Chakrabarti K
004081 Tripathi S;Chakraborty A;Bandyopadhyay B K; Chakrabarti K (Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science Dep, Institute of Agricultural Science, Calcutta Univ, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700 019) : Salinity effect on soil quality parameters: a review. Indian Sci Cruiser 2007, 21(5), 29-38.
In India, 8.1 million hectares of land are salt affected. This poses serious problems in agriculture. Sustainable agriculture is related to soil quality. Proper appreciation of quality of a particular soil, demands the knowledge of physico-chemical, biochemical and microbiological parameters. Deals with physico-chemical, microbiological and biochemical aspects of soil quality for saline soil, in general, and coastal saline soil of India in particular.
44 ref
Tayade S T;Ojha A R;Rakesh Kumar;Deshmukh S V
004080 Tayade S T;Ojha A R;Rakesh Kumar;Deshmukh S V (NO, Mumbai Zonal Laboratory of the NEERI, Dr. A.B. Road, Worli, Mumbai-400 018) : Design for achieving high efficiency in wastewater treatment: Performance of combined vertical and horizontal flow sub-surface constructed wetlands. Bionano Front 2009, 2(1), 108-13.
Study demonstrates a pilot scale project to treat the municipal wastewater for reuse. Combination of vertical and horizontal flow wetland treatment system with fill and draw controls provides a design for effective contact of wastewater with the root system to achieve higher treatment efficiencies through creating necessary environments for nitrification-denitrification, removal of organic materials and phosphorus adsorption reactions. The results show that there is a marked difference in removal efficiencies of two cells with Typha spp. and other as control. The percentage reduction in various physico-chemical parameters such as TSS, BOD, N, P and FC are in the range of 85%, 90%, 70%, 60% and 95%. The study further reveals the effect of variable hydraulic loading rates on the treatment efficiencies.
12 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref
Swetha K;Venkataramaiah P
004079 Swetha K;Venkataramaiah P (Extension Education Dep, Agricultural College, Bapatla-522 101) : Strategy to mitigate tsunami effect by prawn farmers of Andhra Pradesh. Andhra Agric J 2008, 55(2), 261-4.
^ssc1 illus, 4 ref
Suresh Kumar N;Joge P G;Mukherjee D; Basavaraja H K;Nanjegowda B
004078 Suresh Kumar N;Joge P G;Mukherjee D; Basavaraja H K;Nanjegowda B (NO, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore-570 008) : Effect of high temperature environment on the cocoon colour sex-limited breed "Nandi" of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. Indian J Seric 2007, 46(1), 7-14.
In India, the bulk of the production of raw silk is from the polyvoltine x bivoltine silkworm breeds. Generally, for the production of cross breeds, the females of polyvoltine are crossed with the males of bivoltine. Therefore, in order to prepare correct hybrids, the males and females are to be separated. Generally, the sex separation is carried out at the pupal stage based on the abdominal markings. But this method is highly laborious and costly to produce millions of hybrid layings. In this context, the cocoon colour sex-limited breeds are of paramount relevance. Accordingly, two cocoon colour sex-limited bivoltine breeds namely, CSR8 and CSR2 (SL) (Nandi) have been developed. It is also imperative to have knowledge on the performance of the new breed "Nandi" and its hybrids with polyvoltine breeds under high temperature environment. The results of the study indicates that the performance of Nandi is better than normal CSR2 under high temperature environment as evident from the higher pupation rate of Nandi (32.4% at 36 ±1°C & 50 ± 5% RH and 20.6% at 36 ± 1°C & 85 ± 5% RH) as against the lower pupation rate for normal CSR2 (26.6% at 36 ± 1°C & 50 ± 5% RH and 15.7% at 36 ± 1°C & 85 ± 5% RH). Besides, the hybrids of Nandi with all the polyvoltine breeds also performed better than the hybrids with normal CSR2 as evident from the higher pupation rate of all the hybrids of Nandi [PM x CSR2 (SL) : 85.7 and 72.7% ; Nistari x CSR2 (SL) : 88:1 and 80.9% ; ND7 x CSR2 (SL) : 86.9 and 77.7 %, respectively for the two treatments] as against lower pupation rate for the hybrids with normal CSR2 ((PM x CSR2 : 85.0 and 71.6%; Nistari x CSR2 : 85.2 and 79.8 %; ND7 x CSR2 : 83.2 and 76.7 %, respectively). Therefore, Nandi can be utilized throughout the year as a better male component than normal CRZ2.
6 tables, 26 ref
Sindhe S C S;Naik J;Pala I
004077 Sindhe S C S;Naik J;Pala I (Zoology Dep, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur-515 003) : Effect of ziram on aspartate and alanine amino transferase activities in the freshwater fish, Labeo rohita Hamilton). Biosci Res Bull 2008, 24(1), 27-32.
Deals with the toxic effect of ziram on aspartate and alanine amino transferase activiteis in the freshwater teleost, Labeo rohita. The fishes were exposed to 0.006 ppm of ziram for a period of 30 days for the analysis of amino transferase activity in different tissues like gill, liver and muscle. The activity of Aspartate Amino Transferase (AAT) and Alanine Amino Transferase (ALAT) were enhanced over controls in all tissues upto 15 days and thereafter decreased in all the tissues. The decreased activity of transferases is due to non utilization of amino acids and altered liver function.
2 tables, 25 ref
Sharma N;Gangopadhyay S;Singh A
004076 Sharma N;Gangopadhyay S;Singh A (Transportation Planning and Environmental Div, Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi-110 020) : Environmental impacts of road transport - an Indian scenario. Indian Highw 2008, 36(1), 17-29.
The transport plays central role in the overall socio-economic development. However, rapidly increasing road transport has a significant impact on the environment. The potential negative impacts on social and ecological environment, in terms of congestion, air pollution, noise annoyance and accidents, have already been established and discussed in great detail in. literature. Transport affects the environment not only in a local nature but also has significant spillovers in terms of regional and global effects. Like many parts of the world, air pollution from motor vehicles is one of the most serious and rapidly growing problems in urban centers of India. Recently, Government of India and various regulatory agencies have taken several initiatives to control the growing menace of vehicular pollution, but unfortunately, most of these initiatives are confined to few major metros only. Various laws have been enacted in India having direct or indirect bearing on various aspects related to transport and environment, but lack of their proper enforcement is a cause of real concern. The present review discusses the various distinct but related aspects of road transport and its impacts on the environment in Indian perspective. The review Paper also emphasizes the need of a comprehensive environmental management policy to minimize the adverse environmental impacts arising out of road transport activities and to achieve the objective of "sustainable mobility".
51 ref
Sen R;Chakrabarti S
004075 Sen R;Chakrabarti S (Applied Geology and Environmental System Management Dep, Presidency College, Kolkata-700 073, Email: ranensen@gmail.com) : Disater, nonlinearity and chaos - an analysis. Curr Sci 2008, 94(5), 644-7.
An evaluation of disasters in the form of landslides and flood is presented. The study has been carried out in the perspective of nonlinearity, chaos and the complexity of their management. The devastating landslide at Ambootia Tea Estate in the Himalayan Darjeeling District, West Bengal (a vulnerable earthquake zone) which took place in 1966, killing about ten thousand people is discussed in detail and mathematically analysed using the fractal concepts. It is suggested that the Ambootia landslide might be an instance in point when || δ(t) || exceeded a, a measure of tolerance that such landslides cannot be predicted longer than a few multiples of 1/λ., where λ is an averaged Liapunov constant.
^ssc7 ref
Sekhar Babu R;Narender I;Chowdry K R
004074 Sekhar Babu R;Narender I;Chowdry K R (Agricultural Economics Dep, College of Agriculture, A.N.G.R. Agrl. Univ, Rajendranagar, Andhra Pradesh) : Establishment and maintenance of mulberry garden by tribal farmers of Khammam district - an economic evaluation. Andhra Agric J 2008, 55(2), 236-41.
Total cost of establishing one hectare of mulberry garden on an average was around Rs.12423.73 for all farms. It is important to note that the share of fixed cost in the total cost of maintenance of one hectare of mulberry for all farms was 40.87 per unit. The remaining share of the total cost was the variable cost and it was 59.13 per cent. Thus it can be inferred that the share of fixed cost was lower than the variable cost. The overall picture shows that seed value manures and fertilizers are being used excessively by medium and large group farmers whereas human labour was being used excessively by medium size farmers.
5 tables, 4 ref
Rawat M;Jakher G R;Dookia S
004073 Rawat M;Jakher G R;Dookia S (Zoology Dep, J.N.V. University, Jodhpur-342 005, Email: rawatscorner@rediffmail.com) : Natural disaster and ecological dilemma: flood affected areas of Barmer, Thar desert, Rajasthan. Curr Sci 2008, 94(4), 450-1.
^ssc2 tables, 6 ref
Ravinder Reddy B;Nagaraja Rao P
004072 Ravinder Reddy B;Nagaraja Rao P (NO, , Flat No. 103, Laxmi Narsimha Residential Apartment 1-1-230/16) : Ultrasonic properties of heavy metal containing aqueous solutions. Mendel int J 2007, 24(1-2), 51-2.
The samples of different Industrial Effluents and the treated samples were collected from the industrial area of Nacharam, Hyderabad, A. P. India. They were brought to the laboratory for Ultrasonic study using the Pulse Echo Selection Technique at 2 MHZ and 5 MHz at room temperature. At the same time heavy metal salts were prepared and compared for Ultrasonic studies with the industrial effluents. Ultrasonic velocity and Attenuation values were measured and evaluated the ultrasonic properties as a part of the test material.
3 illus, 1 table, 9 ref
Raju D;Sunil Kumar;Mehta U J;Hazra S
004071 Raju D;Sunil Kumar;Mehta U J;Hazra S (Plant Tissue Culture Division, National Chemical Laboratory, , Pune-411 008, Email: s.hazra@ncl.res.in) : Differential accumulation of manganese in three mature tree species (Holoptelia, Cassia, Neem) growing on a mine dump. Curr Sci 2008, 94(5), 639-43.
Three trees, including Cassia siamea (Cassia), Azadirachta indica (Neem), Holoptelia integrijolia (Holoptelia) belonging to three different families were identified from a manganese mine tailing dump. Manganese content in dump soil and in the stem, green leaves and dry, fallen leaves of the plants was determined. Values were compared with similar samples collected from normal vegetation. Under control condition, manganese content was highest in Cassia. Distribution of metal in samples collected from the dump site revealed that Holoptelia has a special ability to accumulate high amounts of manganese under stress condition followed by Cassia and Neem. There is no literature on metal accumulation in Holoptelia. Mechanism of manganese sequestration in Holoptelia is different from the other two trees growing in the same soil.
3 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref
Muralidhar M;Gupta B P
004070 Muralidhar M;Gupta B P (NO, Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquacultuture, 75, Santhome High Road, R.A. Puram, Chennai-600 028) : Quality of water discharge from shrimp hatcheries and its impact on the surrounding coastal environment. Indian J Fish 2007, 54(2), 189-94.
Availability of quality shrimp seed is a prerequisite for successful shrimp culture. Mass production of post larvae in the hatcheries need large quantities of seawater, which again goes back to the sea/backwaters as wastewater. In order to assess the quality of discharge water from the hatchery and its impact on the surrounding environment, water samples from two commercial shrimp hatcheries located along the coast of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh were analysed for various physico-chemical parameters, pesticides and heavy metals. Though there was some increase in values of some of the parameters in discharge water as compared to filtered seawater, levels of all parameters were well within the permissible limits as prescribed by the Ministry of Environment and Forests. Practically, there was no significant increase in the levels of pesticides and heavy metals in the outfall regions compared to intake water.
2 illus, 4 tables, 13 ref
Mudipalli A
004069 Mudipalli A (National Center for Environmental Assessment-RTP Div, , Mail Drop B243-02, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA, Email: Mudipalli.anu@epa.gov) : Lead hepatotoxicity & potential health effects. Indian J med Res 2007, 126(6), 518-27.
Occupational and environmental exposures to lead (Pb), one of the toxic metal pollutants, is of global concern. Health risks are increasingly associated with environmental exposures to Pb emissions from, for example, the widespread use of leaded gasoline in developing countries. Exposure occurs mainly through the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems, and the ingested and absorbed Pb is stored primarily in soft tissues and bone. Autopsy studies of Pb-exposed patients have shown a large amount (~33%) of the absorbed Pb in soft tissue stored in liver. In addition to neuronal encephalopathy observed in persons after exposure to very high concentrations of Pb, gastrointestinal colic (abdominal pain, constipation, intestinal paralysis) is a consistent early symptom of Pb poisoning in humans. Such severe gastrointestinal effects are consistently observed in patients with a blood Pb range of 30 to 80 μg/dl. Ingestion of Pb is one of the primary causes of its hepatotoxic effects. Hepatocarcinogenic effects of Pb reported in animal toxicology studies have led to new research into the biochemical and molecular aspects of Pb toxicology. Gains in the molecular understanding of Pb effects on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes, cholesterol metabolism, oxidative stress, and hepatic hyperplasia suggest a potential role for Pb in damaging extrahepatic systems, including the cardiovascular system. This review also discusses the therapeutic potential of chelation therapy in treating Pb-induced hepatotoxicity in animals.
^iia3 illus, 80 ref
Mishra P O;Yamgar R S
004068 Mishra P O;Yamgar R S (Chemistry Research Lab, Patkar-Varde College, Goregaon (W), Mumbai-400 062, Email: rsy_chem@rediffmail.com) : Environmentally benign photo-degradation of some textile dyes using nanotechnology. Bionano Front 2009, 2(1), 5-7.
Deals with the use of Nanotechnology for the benign degradation of industrial dyes. The photocatalyst used is nano-TiO2 which is prepared by sol-gel method and characterized by the X-ray diffraction analysis. Further more the photocatalytic degradation of three Acid dyes such as Acid Red 14 (AR14), Acid Orange 7 (AO7), and Acid blue 25 (AB25) using Nano-TiO2 as photocatalyst coated on steel in presence of UV radiations as the light source has been carried out. The effects of different parameters such as Irradiation time, Concentration of the dye solution, pH of the dye solution and flow rate were studied in detail.
1 illus, 1 table, 9 ref
Goswami P;Ramesh K V
004067 Goswami P;Ramesh K V (CSIR Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation, , Wind Tunnel Road, Bangalore-560 037) : Expanding Indian desert: assessment through weighted epochal trend ensemble. Curr Sci 2008, 94(4), 476-80.
One of the biggest challenges in climate research is to arrive at reliable future projections. However, while there now exists a firm scientific basis and procedure for climate forecasts, numerical climate models still suffer from large uncertainties. Observes local trends do reflect the combined effect of both anthropogenic forcings and natural variability over a location; however, projections based on a linear trend may have considerable error as the trends are generally significantly nonlinear owing to low-frequency natural variability and resultant changes (second derivatives) in the trends. Here adopts a weighted epochal trend ensemble approach to assess the stability of the Indian desert with increased reliability. Ensemble techniques have generally helped to reduce uncertainties in forecasts and the weighted epochal trend ensemble proposed here takes into account the inherent nonlinearity in the trend by considering a piece (epoch)-wise linear trend and its weighted contributions to construct more reliable future projections of local climate change. First shows that epochal trend ensemble provides better estimates of future projections by comparing observed rainfall over India during 1990-2003 with rainfall projected from a simple linear trend and an epochal trend ensemble. Then computes projections of desert area over India based on annual rainfall and show that the Thar Desert in western India is expanding in an eastward as well as northeast direction. Both the simple linear trend and the epochal trend ensemble projections indicate significant increase in the desert area over India over the next 100 years; however, there are also significant differences between the two projections. The results of the validation are used to choose the more reliable projection, which shows a sharp increase in the size of the Indian desert in the next hundred years.
^ssc6 illus, 1 table, 14 ref
Ghosh P
004066 Ghosh P (Polymer Study Centre, , 'Arghya', 3 Kabi Mohitlal Road, Kolkata-700 078) : Wealth from waste. Indian Sci Cruiser 2007, 21(4), 18-22.
2 illus, 4 tables
Farooquee N A;Budal T K;Maikhuri R K
004065 Farooquee N A;Budal T K;Maikhuri R K (NO, G. B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Garhwal Unit, Upper Bhaktiyana, Srinagar, Garhwal-246 174, Email: nafarooquee@rediffmail.com) : Environmental and socio-cultural impacts of river rafting and camping on ganga in Uttarakhand Himalaya. Curr Sci 2008, 94(5), 587-94.
The most outstanding feature of the River Ganga is that it offers uncommon environmental diversity, impressive scenery, and an outstanding adventurous and wilderness experience. All these attributes contribute towards wild land-based recreation. The objective of this article is to assess the environmental and socio-cultural impacts of camping and white-water rafting on this river. This article has largely relied on primary survey and secondary data collected from different government departªments. In all instances, both primary and secondary data sources were used in various analyses. However, much of the article is based on the results of a social survey carried out between January 2006 and June 2007. Findings indicate some of the major environmental impacts of tourism, and its positive and negative socio-cultural impacts. Some of the positive socio-cultural impacts include income generation and employment opportunities from both camping and rafting to the local people, infrastructure development such as hotels, lodges and camps, and the improvement of social services such as communication, supply systems and telecommunications. The negative socio-cultural impacts include increased out-migration, frustration among the youth, and cultural degeneration. This article argues that tourism needs to be sensitive to local environmental and cultural norms and beliefs for it to be accepted by local people and promote sustainable development. If the norms as laid down by the government are followed by the operators, it can minimize the negative environªmental and cultural impacts of this activity.
5 illus, 3 tables, 3 ref
Dwivedi A K;Prajapati U B;Shashi
004064 Dwivedi A K;Prajapati U B;Shashi (Pollution and Environment Assay Research Laboratory (Pearl), Botany De, D.D.U. Gorakhpur Univ, Gorakhpur-273 009) : Wastewater and its management. Indian Sci Cruiser 2007, 21(4), 36-40.
7 ref
Devendra Pal Singh;Saxena R S
004063 Devendra Pal Singh;Saxena R S (Zoology Dep, Ganjdundwara P.G. College, Ganjdundwara, Kanshiram Nagar, Uttar Pradesh) : Uptake and metabolism of permethrin by a micro-organism, Aulosira fertilissima. Bionotes 2008, 10(3), 101-2.
^ssc1 table, 6 ref
Deora G S;Suhalka C
004062 Deora G S;Suhalka C (Brylogy Lab, Botany Dep, B N (P G) College, Udaipur-313 001) : Physico-chemical assessment of zinc and copper polluted effluents of certain heavy metal industries in Rajasthan. Indian J appl pure Biol 2008, 23(1), 161-3.
Physico-chemical analysis of effluents discharged by Zinc ore mines Zawar; Zinc smelting factory. Debari, Udaipur and Copper smelting plant, Khetri (Jhunjhunu), Rajasthan were made to assess colour, odour, pH, acidity, alkalinity, BOD, COD and contents of T.D.S., Zn, Fe, Pb, Cu and Cd. The effluents of Zn Smelter was highly acidic (pH 2.5 to 3.4) whereas, it was slightly basic (pH 7.4) in Zinc ore mines, Zawar. Effluents collected from hoth Zinc smelling factories exhibited more Zn contents ( 127.92 and 20.64 ppm).
1 table, 7 ref
Das Gupta A B
004061 Das Gupta A B (Chairman, Hydrocarbon Advisory Council, Govt. of India) : Global warming. Indian Sci Cruiser 2007, 21(5), 20-8.
Global warming is the generation of heat on the surface of the planet. It has been studied and analysed which lead to various human activities as well as geological factors. Investigation of cause and effect of global warming have been discussed with some concluding remarks.
4 illus, 1 table
Chaturvedi J;Pandey N K;Srivastava D K
004060 Chaturvedi J;Pandey N K;Srivastava D K (NO, , S-15/160-6Kha, Bharalai, Shivpur, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh) : Removal of heavy metals from river Ganga. Mendel int J 2007, 24(1-2), 59-60.
The methodology for removal of toxic metals from the water of river Ganga were attempted earlier. The present study show that China clay may be used as adsorbent for removal of chromium from waste water.
4 illus, 5 ref
Chakraborty T;Gireesh Babu P;Alam A; Chaudhari A
004059 Chakraborty T;Gireesh Babu P;Alam A; Chaudhari A (Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Margh, Versova, Andheri (West), Mumbai-400 061, Email: achaudhari67@gmail.com) : GFP expressing bacterial biosensor to measure lead contamination in aquatic environment. Curr Sci 2008, 94(6), 800-5.
A bacterial biosensor is reported that responds to Pb2+ in the range of 50-400 μM by expressing green fluorescence protein (GFP). The genetic element that senses Pb2+ includes the regulatory protein gene (PbrR) along with operator/promoter (PbrO/P) of the lead resistance operon from plasmid pMOL30. PbrO/P also controls the gfp reporter gene expression. Escherichia coli DH5α is the host organism. GFP response to induction by Pb2+ peaked at 250 μM. Decline in fluorescence beyond 250 μM was related to drop in copy number of the biosensor plasmid in the cells. A formula that estimates available Pb2+ concentration in test samples with 95% accuracy was derived by multiple regression of fluorescence and cell density values at various Pb2+ concentrations at 12 h growth. The biosensor was tested for co-inducibility by Cd2+, Zn2+ and Hg2+. Only Zn2+ showed mild induction at high concentrations and the highest fluorescence obtained was 8.5 times lower than that obtained with Pb2+. The induction method used here allows water collected from natural resources to be directly tested by using it to prepare the growth medium for the biosensor. This biosensor offers a simple and quick method for detection of availªable lead in the aquatic environment.
4 illus, 31 ref
Banerjee P K;Chaudhuri B;Bhowmick D;Shome D
004058 Banerjee P K;Chaudhuri B;Bhowmick D;Shome D (Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Dep, Jadavpur Univ, Kolkata-700 032) : Metallic elements in bottom ash & their contamination in surface & subsurface water - A case study. Indian Sci Cruiser 2007, 21(4), 13-17.
In the global Energy scenario, coal contributes the greatest fraction. Increased quantity of coal utilisation leads to the generation of huge quantity of non-combustible waste containing compounds of several alumina-silicates and trace elements. As these wastes are disposed in the environment the toxic elements gets a fair chance to disturb the ecosystem. An estimation of the concentrations of different trace elements in the waste - the bottom ash fraction and the fly ash fraction - helps in assessment of the intensity of environmental pollution contributed individually by these two fraction. Since, there is no end-user of bottom ash, it is left uncared under the activities of different surface processes, where a fair chance of contamination always exists. The preferred sites of contamination are the ground water through percolation of the trace elements with rainwater and surface water where seepage from the ash pond occurs. In both the cases, quantity of contamination depends on the solubility of the compounds of particular trace elements.
2 tables
Banerjee K;Zaman S;Mitra A
004057 Banerjee K;Zaman S;Mitra A (Marine Science Dep, Calcutta Univ, 35, B.C. Road, Kolkata-19) : Applications of marine microbes for human welfare. Indian Sci Cruiser 2007, 21(5), 39-43.
The distribution of marine microbes in the estuaries, continental shelves and the deep sea. These habitats (except the deep sea environment) are congenial for the growth and survival of marine microbes due to high nutrient, photon energy and optimum salinity. The application of marine microbes in the production of antibiotics, anti-tumour compounds and enzyme and also in the sphere of bioremediation has opened a new avenue for the benefit of mankind.
17 ref
Adhikari Bagchi R;Parikh P H
004056 Adhikari Bagchi R;Parikh P H (Biological Sciences Dep, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K 3M4, Email: rush_6782@yahoo.co.in) : Assessing fish health in contaminated aquatic environment. Bionano Front 2009, 2(1), 8-11.
Contaminants in the environment and their influence on biota have been investigated for decades now. With increasing demands of the human population follows a humongous increase in contaminant burden in the aquatic environment. These toxic substances come in innumerable forms, all potent enough to inflict irreversible damage to life forms. Studies have shown to affect life processes in all living organisms, the only variation being in the severity of the effect. The most impacted group of organisms is the fish since the contaminants enter their system through their diet and accumulates in their body tissues along with the absorption of nutrients from the food source. The persistence of the xenobiotics like organochlorines, heavy metals, pesticides and many more in the body influences the growth, immunity, reproduction and physiology of the fish. Various aspects of the effects of contaminants on fish metabolism have been studied in great detail. Short summary of some of the methods that researchers use to be able to assess and determine the extent of deleterious effects that contaminants can have on fish health has been presented.
^iia29 ref
Verma A P;Vidyarthi S K;Anupam Rakesh;Singh R N
003019 Verma A P;Vidyarthi S K;Anupam Rakesh;Singh R N (Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Lab, Botany Dep, A.N. College, Patna-800 014) : Effect of industrial effluents on the biochemistry of Vigna radiata. Bionotes 2008, 10(2), 49-50.
2 tables, 11 ref
Singh D P;Saxena R S
003018 Singh D P;Saxena R S (Zoology Dep, Ganjdundwara P.G. College, Ganjdundwara, Etah-207 242) : Effect of some insecticides on photosynthesis in Aulosira fertilissima. Bionotes 2008, 10(2), 60.
5 ref
Saxena P;Surendra Singh
003017 Saxena P;Surendra Singh (Zoology Dep, School of Life Sciences, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Khandari Campus, Agra-282 002) : Assay of a blood parameter of the fish, Channa punctatus, after intoxication of ridomil. Bionotes 2008, 10(2), 58.
1 table, 4 ref
Sasirekha N;Kanmani H;Chandran M
003016 Sasirekha N;Kanmani H;Chandran M (Zoology Dep, Sri Meenaksi Government College for Women, Madurai-625 002) : Correlation between air born fungal spores and lung diseases in Madurai, Tamil Nadu. Bionotes 2008, 10(2), 63.
2 ref
Priya R;Kanmani S
003015 Priya R;Kanmani S (NO, Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna Univ, Chennai-600 025) : Solar photocatalytic generation of hydrogen from sulphide using CdS-based photocatalysts. Curr Sci 2008, 94(1), 102-4.
Laboratory-scale feasibility studies on solar photo-catalytic generation of hydrogen (H2) from Na2S/Na2SO3 solution by using CdS-bascd photocatalysts have been carried out in a batch solar photocatalytic reactor of 300 ml capacity. Three CdS-based photocatalytic mixtures [viz. CdS/ZnS, (CdS/ZnS)/Ag2S and (CdS/ZnS)/ Ag2S + (RuO2/TiO2)] were synthesized by adding wide band-gap semiconductors (ZnS and TiO2), promoters (Ag2S) and metal dopants (RuO2), and the activities of the three photocatalytic mixtures were evaluated. H2 generation was found to be a maximum of 392 ml/g/h for the photocatalytic mixture of (CdS/ZnS)/Ag2S + (RuO2/TiO2) whereas it was only 213 ml/g/h for the photocatalytic mixture of CdS/ZnS. Thus, the solar photocatalytic generation of H2 from Na2S/Na2SO3 solution using (CdS/ZnS)/Ag2S + (RuO2/TiO2) was found to be feasible.
3 illus, 5 ref
Maruthamuthu S;Muthukumar N;Natesan M; Palaniswamy N
003014 Maruthamuthu S;Muthukumar N;Natesan M; Palaniswamy N (Corrosion Protection Division, Central Eiectrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi-630 006, Email: biocorrcecri@gmail.com) : Role of micrioibes on atmospheric corrosion. Curr Sci 2008, 94(3), 358-63.
Microorganisms enhance deterioration of materials of construction. In the study, the influence of air microbes on existing concrete pile and on mild steel coupons is reported. Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Micrococcus sp., Moraxella sp., Anthrobacter sp., Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp. and Acinetobac-ter sp. were identified on the concrete pile. The growth and distribution of bacteria was due to the presence of humidity and SO2 in the atmosphere of the industrial area, leading to the proliferation of microbes on the materials under study. Corrosion rate of mild steel in polluted site was found to be 0.116 mmpy, whereas in an unpolluted site it was only 0.021 mmpy. The higher rate was due to the simultaneous action of pollutants and air microbes on corrosion of materials. The study shows that the atmospheric corrosion of materials in polluted environment was due to significant contribution of the combined action of heterotrophic bacteria, iron bacteria, manganese oxidizing bacteria and thio-bacilli.
4 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref
Kulkarni M Y;Kanwate V S;Kulkarni A N
003013 Kulkarni M Y;Kanwate V S;Kulkarni A N (Zoology Dep, V.M.N., CIDCO, Nanded, Maharashtra) : Changes in the temperature and dissolved oxygen content at Derala Tank dist. Nanded (MS). Bioinfolet 2008, 5(2), 142.
3 ref
Kireet Kumar;Dumka R K;Miral M S;Satyal G S; Pant M
003012 Kireet Kumar;Dumka R K;Miral M S;Satyal G S; Pant M (NO, G B Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora-263 643, Email: kireetpan@yahoo.com) : Estimation of retreat rate of Gangotri glacier using rapid static and kinematic GPS survey. Curr Sci 2008, 94(2), 258-62.
The Gangotri glacier is retreating like other glaciers in the Himalaya and its volume and size are shrinking as well. Reoccupying the historical snout positions using Global Positioning System (GPS) in rapid static mode indicates the varying rates of retreat during different time-spans of the last century, with the total retreat of 1519.13 m in the last 69 years. Post 1971, the rate of retreat of the glacier has declined. Monitoring of glacier terminus using GPS survey in kinematic mode reveals that the glacier has retreated at much lower rate (12.10±0.041 ma-1) between 2004 and 2005. The study further shows that the southern portion of the snout is retreating at significantly lower rate in comparison to the northern part. However, maximum recession (13.76± 0.048 m in 2004-05) took place along the centreline of the glacier.
6 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref
Chaturvedi P;Vashistha B D
003011 Chaturvedi P;Vashistha B D (Botany Dep, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136 119) : Effect of some heavy metals on protonemal growth and bud formation in the moss, Bryum capillare L. ex Hedw. Ann Biol 2008, 24(1), 17-24.
Study was conducted to investigate the effects of heavy metals on various developmental phases of mosses. For this purpose, moss, Bryum capillare L. ex Hedw. was cultured on Nitsch's basal medium supplemented with various salts of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Hg and Cu) in the concentration range10-8 M. Salts of cadmium, lead and mercury proved toxic for protonemal growth and bud formation and at their higher levels protonema failed to regenerate. It contrast, cupric sulphate slightly enhanced protonemal growth and bud formation at lower levels. Mercuric chloride was found to be most toxic for protonemal growth. Rounding of protonemal cells and tip cells was common and formation of brood cells like structures was observed. Bud formation was adversely affected. As this species shows marked morphological changes in the presence of heavy metals, it can be used as a bioindicator of heavy metal pollution.
2 illus, 40 ref
Yuvraj S;Saler R S
002049 Yuvraj S;Saler R S (Botary Dep, M S G College, Malegaon Camp, Dist. Nashik-423 105) : Hydrobiological study of a village pond near Malegaon, Maharashtra. Geobios 2008, 35(2-3), 157-60.
The investigations on the physico-chemical characteristics and algae of the Sayane village pond carried out from November 2006 to October 2007 show the presence of species of Oscillatoria, Scenedesmus, Closterium, Synedra, Fragilaria, Navicula, Spirulina and Cymbella which indicated that water is polluted and unfit for drinking.
1 tables, 20 ref
Yadav M;Yadav K S
002048 Yadav M;Yadav K S (Chemistry Dep, D.D.U. Gorakhpur Univ, Gorakhpur-273 009) : Decolorization of pulp paper mill effluent by Pleurotus sajorcaju. J envir Sci Engng 2008, 50(2), 89-92.
Pleurotus sajorcaju MTCC-141 procured from Microbial Type Culture Collection Centre and Gene Bank, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh has been used for color removal from paper mill effluent. The paper mill effluent amended with basal medium supports the growth of Pleurotus sajorcaju and removes the colour. The optimum concentrations of carbon source (glucose) and nitrogen source (NH4NO3) for the maximum decolourization of paper mill effluent were found to be 1% and 0.2% respectively. During the fungal growth process, the pH of the paper mill effluent decreased from 7,94 to 4.0.
20 ref