SALUNKE S, CHAVAN B
001201 SALUNKE S, CHAVAN B (Environmental Science Dep, Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Solapur Univ, Solapur, Maharashtra) : Germane code of practice destined for site-specific regulatory and restoration advisory strengthening integrity and survival of the lake ecosystem. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 398-406.
A diagnostic study was conducted at the lake under investigation. After identifying the problem of deterioration of the ecological health evident by the impaired quality of water, a site-specific prototype for the coherent treatability likelihood and restoration, was designed and assessed for its effectiveness towards polluted lake water treatment. The aim was to meet the IS 10500 water quality standards after a combined treatment and preordain a methodology for primary and secondary and if needed tertiary treatment for potable purpose. For the diagnostic study a detailed representative data collection was carried out with the help of 20 L representative sample, for characterization and treatability study of the polluted lake water under investigation. The treatability study was carried out for a specified short period. The samples of water were subjected for different treatability studies. The higher values were considered for feasibility report infrequent streams of water with a higher load value. The treatability study was merely to identify and approve a germane code of practice for the treatment methodology. The composite sample was prepared and analyzed following methods depicted in the Standard methods of water analysis, APHA nineteenth Edition. The studies conclude with a recommendation of primary treatment consisting of settling tank required for storage of 1-hour retention, Alum/PAC dosing recommended for fast removal of settable solids, aerobic treatment by biofilter/cascading recommended for COD and BOD removal, the rapid or slow sand filterat this stage is recommended for the removal of residual suspended matter and turbidity. Nevertheless, color and odor removal can be achieved by the use of carbon filter treatment and disinfection by chlorination with 0.2 mg/L dose required for the lake water treatment.
5 illus, 9 tables, 15 ref
BHATT S, FARIDI N, MERWYN S, RAJ P, PATHAK D, AGARWAL A, RAO P T V, BALA M
001200 BHATT S, FARIDI N, MERWYN S, RAJ P, PATHAK D, AGARWAL A, RAO P T V, BALA M (Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research, Haldwani- 263 139, Uttarakhand) : Cloning, expression and specificity evaluation of type III effector, Rip4, from Ralstonia solanacearum. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 390-7.
Ralstonia solanacearum is a Gram-negative bacterial phytopathogen that belongs to the class of beta proteobacterium. It causes one of the most commercially devastating diseases in plants, known as bacterial wilt disease. The bacterium infects a variety of crops and to date the host range has reached to more than 450 species of plants globally. Various Gram-negative phytopathogens interact with their hosts using Type three secretion systems (TTSS) through which it can inject an array of protein known as effectors. These proteins play an important role in the pathogenicity as well as virulence of the bacterium and can be useful in early diagnosis of the pathogen. Although, several detection methods based on biochemical, molecular and immunological techniques are available for the pathogen identification, but most of them are expensive and time consuming. Hence, keeping above in mind this study was aimed with the cloning and expression of gene RSc0321 encoding an important Type III effector (TTE) protein, Ralstonia injected protein 4 (Rip4) of R. solanacearum to produce recombinant Rip4 protein (r-Rip4). The recombinant protein was purified by affinity chromatography using nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) column and further polyclonal antibodies were raised against the r-Rip4. Moreover, the raised antibodies were evaluated for its specificity using Indirect ELISA and Western Blotting. The results generated in the present study, would be helpful for the development of quick and easy immunological detection system for R. solanacearum.
4 illus, 3 tables, 26 ref
CHETHAN K G, NATARAJA S
001199 CHETHAN K G, NATARAJA S (Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Applied Botany Dep, Kuvempu Univ, Shankaraghatta- 577 451, Karnataka) : Studies on genetic divergence among fifty indigenous Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbreds lines. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 386-9.
In the present experimental work, Fifty Indigenous inbred lines of Maize were evaluated for fourteen characters during Kharif 2018. To study the genetic divergence using Mahalanobis D2 analysis, which revealed that the fifty indigenous inbred lines were grouped into six distinct clusters indicating the presence of diversity. The maximum intra cluster distance was recorded within cluster II, while it was lowest for the genotype of cluster I. The maximum inter cluster distance was observed between clusters IV and VI and the minimum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster IV and V. Parental material selection from these clusters would give high manifestation of heterosis as well as wide spectrum of variation when they are hybridized.
4 tables, 9 ref
RUDRASWAMY S, OMAR F, DOGGALLI N
001198 RUDRASWAMY S, OMAR F, DOGGALLI N (Public Health Dentistry Dep, J.S.S Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore) : Biomedical waste management during Covid-19 pandemic. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 381-5.
The progressing COVID-19 pandemic has transformed the globe into state of chaos and killing many lives due to its infectious nature. In an urban populated by millions, many problems arise in this distressing and fast spreading nature of the disease, a major one includes improper management of medical waste. Improper management of biomedical waste emanating from the healthcare establishments have given rise to many environmental and health problems. A safe and effective management of waste is not only a legal necessity but also a social responsibility. Lack of concern, motivation, awareness and cost factor are some of the problems faced in the proper hospital waste management. Clearly there is a need for education as to the hazards associated with improper waste disposal. Lack of apathy to the concept of waste management is a major stymie to the practice of waste disposal. In order to find suitable articles, the following electronic databases were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, google scholar, and the electronic archives of the journals. ‘The search terms for papers associated with biomedical waste management and COVID-19 were considered. Subsequently, the resulting literature reports were from searched databases. The present review covers response by India in COVID-19 pandemic, various treatment and disposal options of biomedical wastes for hospitals, Measures to ensure safety of employee in hospitals and sustainability approach to biomedical waste management during the pandemic.
15 ref
RENA V, KAMAL V, SINGH D, ROY N, SHIKHA A, MUKHERJEE S
001197 RENA V, KAMAL V, SINGH D, ROY N, SHIKHA A, MUKHERJEE S (Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, New Delhi- 110 067) : Hydrogeological assessment of high salinity in groundwater in parts of Bharatpur district, Rajasthan, India. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 372-80.
Hydrochemical analysis of groundwater characteristics and statistical interpretation assist to evaluate the development of high salinity in groundwater. The present study comprises of a watershed catchment boundary covering parts of Deeg, Kaman, Nagar, Pahari and Kumher tehsils of Bharatpur district in Rajasthan, India. Groundwater plays a key role to meet the water demand for various purposes in the study area having no perennial river-system. Therefore, groundwater samples were collected during Pre- and Post-monsoon seasons for a comprehensive understanding of hydrochemistry within the region. The hydrochemical results of groundwater samples for both the season revealed the dominance order of major anions as Cl- > HCO3 - > SO4 -2 > NO3 - > CO3 -2 > F- > PO4 -3 and the major cations as Na+ > Ca+2 > Mg+2 > K+.The hydrochemical analysis results indicated the Na-Cl water-type as governing character of groundwater with higher salinity during Post-monsoon season as compared to Pre-monsoon season. The seasonal variation of salinity level in groundwater within the tehsils are confirmed by the spatiotemporal distribution maps based on (Inverse Distance Weighted) interpolation method using ArcGIS 10.2. The scatter plots between different hydrochemical attributes suggested the direct-ion exchange, mineral dissolution, rock dominant weathering and crystallization contributing high salinity in groundwater. The weathering of aquifer materials and mineral (halite) dissolution with the infiltration of recharge water augmented the total dissolved solids in the groundwater. The prevalence of shallow aquifers, overdraft of groundwater and semi-arid climatic conditions also supported the hydrogeochemical processes associated with the development of salinity in the groundwater.
5 illus, 4 tables, 38 ref
FATTAH M, INTYAS C A, UTAMI T N
001196 FATTAH M, INTYAS C A, UTAMI T N (Brawijaya Univ, Indonesia) : Analyzing the position value of mangrove Bee Jay Bakau Resort, Indonesia. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 367-71.
The Bee Jay Bakau Resort (BJBR) is a mangrove ecosystem that is one of Probolinggo’s top tourist destinations, and it offers tourist attractions that blend with nature. This study is aimed to analyze the position of BJBR ecotourism in Indonesia. The data collection technique employed are observations, interview, and questionnaire with a purposive sampling technique. The data analysis used Ecotourism Opportunity Spectrum (ECOS). The BJBR ecotourism position is in the intermediate category, worth 64.54% due to the development of the medium category and the maintenance of nature by creating eco-friendly tourist attractions and facilities. The components that lead to an eco-generalist are accessibility, related resources, and accommodation.
1 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref
FEKE B E, TEREFE T, TURE K, HUNDE D
001195 FEKE B E, TEREFE T, TURE K, HUNDE D (Natural Resources Management Dep, Jimma Univ, Oromia, Ethiopia) : Variability and trends of observed minimum, maximum and average temperature over northwestern parts of Ethiopia Since 1987. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 339-66.
This study examined the Spatio-temporal variability and time-series trends of 33 years’ temperature ranging from 1987 to 2019. Dataset for statistical analysis obtained from the national meteorological agency and national aeronautics and space administration data portal. All statistical examinations were conducted using Python3. There was a non-significant difference between the months of the years 1987 to 2016 and 1987 to 2019. A less variable annual minimum temperature observed over the period with the lowest record of 16.341 o C and maximum-minimum temperature of 17.45 o C. Significantly different monthly maximum temperatures recorded over the period from 1987 to 2016 and from 1987 to 2019. There was a statistically a non-significant difference (P>0.05) between the winter, spring, summer, autumn, belg, kiremt and bega seasons over the periods of 30 and 33 years. Statistically significant (P<0.05) differences evaluated among the months of the year ranging from 1987 to 2016 and 1987 to 2019 in the observed average temperature. Increasing of average temperature valued during all months of the year 1987 to 2016. Growing trends in average temperature during all months of the period from 1987 to 2019 observed. There was a non-significant difference in observed average temperature during the winter, spring, summer and autumn seasons. There was statistically non-significant variation in average temperature among the Belg, Kiremt and Bega seasons during the period of the last 30 and 33 years. Increasing annual and decadal average temperature was observed over the series of years within the range of 30 and 33 years.
11 illus, 7 tables, 35 ref
ROY D, SINGH S, TALUKDAR S, TAMULY B, MAJI S
001194 ROY D, SINGH S, TALUKDAR S, TAMULY B, MAJI S (Central Muga Eri Research and Training Institute, Jorhat- 785 700, Assam) : Studies on morphological character and polyphenism of melanitis leda (Satyrinae: Nymphalidae) in Brahmaputra valley of Assam, India. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 332-8.
A polyphenic trait is a trait for which multiple, discrete phenotypes can arise from a single genotype as a result of differing environmental conditions, which is therefore a special case of phenotypic plasticity happened in nature. Polyphenism is a natural phenomenon which supports living organisms to increase the survivability due to camouflaged. Among Satyrinae butterfly, Melanitis leda is a good example which shows this phenomenon. Also this butterfly is considered as a pest of rice in India. It is also pest of important poaceae crops such as maize. However, butterflies are widely known for its beneficial to nature as pollinators and also as bio-indicators due to their climatic sensitivity. M. leda mainly have two different morph i.e., wet season morph and dry season morph. The dry season form of M. leda is considered to be more variable than the wet season form. Dry Season Forms (DSFs) were identified and collected from Galia forest reserve in Barpeta district of Assam for further studies. The presence of distinctive eyespots was found in DSF1 and DSF2. DSF1, DSF2 and DSF3 was found to have positive and significant correlation with temperature and humidity. Whereas, DSF7, DSF9 and DSF10 had significant negative correlation with climatic parameters within the population. Polyphenism was found to be internally controlled by varied protein concentration with higher protein concentration for DSF1, DSF2 and DSF3 i.e. in morphs formed in high temperature and high humidity condition within the overall DSF population.
2 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref
CHETHAN K G, NATARAJA S
001192 CHETHAN K G, NATARAJA S (Post-Graduate Studies & Research in Applied Botany Dep, Kuvempu Univ, Shankaraghatta- 577 451, Karnataka) : Components of variances, Genetic Variability, Heritability and genetic advance among fifty Indigenous Maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 312-7.
Analysis of variance revealed significant differences for all the characters under study which Showed the presence of sufficient amount of variability offering adequate opportunity for improving the population for these characters. The ranges of mean values revealed sufficient variation for all the traits under study. The phenotypic variances and phenotypic coefficients of variation were slightly higher than the corresponding genotypic variances and genotypic coefficients of variation for all the characters. Traits viz., Ear height and rind weight showed high GCV, PCV. Therefore these traits can be used further in crop improvement program.
3 tables, 10 ref
SELVARASU A, KANDHASAMY R
001189 SELVARASU A, KANDHASAMY R (SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu- 603 203, Tamil Nadu) : Interspecific incompatibility in Gloriosa rothschildiana. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 290-6.
Hybridization enables the gene transfer, which may lead to the additional source of variation for the desirable horticultural traits. An experimental study was carried out to study the flower morphology and to understand the crossability relationship of Gloriosa rothschildiana with Gloriosa superba. G. rothschildiana crossed with five genotypes of G. superba in both directions. The flowers of G. rothschildiana were borne on a short pedicel (7.73 cm) and were solitary. The flower size was small (1.60 g). There were six small crimson colored petals (3.60 x 1.45 cm) with short stamen (3.34 cm) and pistil (3.39 cm). The pod growth of 2.00 cm length was observed within 25 days of pollination and there after shrinked irrespective of the cross combination. None of the pod reached the desired harvestable stage. Post fertilization barrier was observed in both direct and reciprocal crosses of gloriosa species. This may be due to embryos abortion and degeneration during embryogenesis which needs to studied.
3 illus, 3 tables, 31 ref
GAJJAR V, SHARMA U, SHAH H
001187 GAJJAR V, SHARMA U, SHAH H (Nirma Univ, Ahmedabad, Gujarat) : Alternative assessment method for air quality using NDVI analysis to achieve SDG goals for Ahmedabad City, India. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 276-85.
The pace of urbanization and challenges accompanied by the development process for cities needs urgent attention from various perspectives. The recent trends of city development not only show the depleting environmental conditions but also the neglected attitude to address such issues. Deteriorating environmental conditions in urbanized areas have gained attention globally as well as locally through initiatives and efforts of governing local bodies. Globally, it is addressed using the Sustainable Development Goal agendas at different scales and locally they are resolved using the specific objectives. To negotiate the impacting factors of deteriorating environmental conditions and increasing pollution level, many approaches need to be addressed locally. Out of many such concerns, this research paper tries to focus on SDG 11 and its subobjectives to gain the basic insight of the situation through a case study approach. This research paper tries to address the concern shown by Sustainable development goal agendas and objectives set in mitigating the situations. This paper describes the Air pollution aspect and situation arising in the city of Ahmedabad and tries to look at the prevailing practice of the Development process. It also tries to focus on alternative means of assessment using NDVI analysis for giving the informed decision-making process while the development of the city
4 illus, 24 ref
NUGROHO P S, YULIASTUTI N, RUKAYAH S
001185 NUGROHO P S, YULIASTUTI N, RUKAYAH S (Architecture Dep, Sebelas Maret Univ, Surakarta, Indonesia) : Acculturation of colonial industry and javanese agrarian culture in mangkunegaran sugar factory. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 262-9.
Sugar factories from the colonial era throughout Java are part of an important industrial heritage because they have witnessed the glory of the sugar industry in the past, as well as a sign of the entry of modern industry to the Java. One of the biggest sugar factory in Java was the sugar factory owned by Mangkunegaran Kingdom (Praja Mangkunegaran). The sugar factory represented a capitalist industrial culture that prioritized rationality. On the other hand, the process of supplying raw materials for sugar factories in vorstenlanden area (Praja Kejawen) was highly dependent on Javanese farmers who were strong with their agrarian culture. This paper aimed to figure out the interaction between the two cultures, which together carried out the sustainability of the sugar industry in Java. The interaction of these two cultures was seen from the components of the actors, activities, and places of the Tasikmadu Sugar Factory owned by Praja Mangkunegaran as a case study with a historical approach. The finding of the study indicated that there was acculturation between capitalist industrial culture and Javanese agrarian culture, which could be seen in the aspects of the actors, activities, and architectural layout of the Tasikmadu sugar factory. Acculturation between capitalist industrial culture and Javanese agrarian culture was a local wisdom of industrial heritage in Javanese Kingdom.
7 illus, 25 ref
MISHRA S, JAIN P A, SHARMA S K, HAFEEZ A, AHMAD S, DHARMENDER
001184 MISHRA S, JAIN P A, SHARMA S K, HAFEEZ A, AHMAD S, DHARMENDER (Computational Biology & Bioinformatics Dep, Sam Higginbottom Univ of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad) : Application of specific Bacteriophages against prevention of Staphylococcus aureus toxin-initiated food spoiling. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 256-61.
Samples taken from pond water (Padila), river ganga water (Sangam, Allahabad) sewage water (Yamuna drainage) supply water from Municipal Corporation (Daraganj) were found that Ganga water (Sangam) has positive (large, small, medium) plaque formation other pond water, sewage water, supply water from municipal Corporation do not have plaque formation. It can be predict that Ganga water has high presence of S. aureus plaque formation for bacteriophages. Help in therapeutic process, drug target discovery, bacteriophages isolate from environment or Ganga water sample to specifically target pathogenic bacteria and eliminate them from foods. Bacteriophages approved or use in food safety application, genetically engineered phages to specifically target bacterial virulence-associated genes, control multidrug resistant S. aureus, implications in biofilm treatment, the progress in the knowledge about phage genomics, immunobiology and experimental therapy in animals and in humans suggest that phages could become the antibacterial drugs of the 21st century.
3 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref
SARKAR R, BORA A K, SARMA T
001182 SARKAR R, BORA A K, SARMA T (Badji Mokhtar Univ, Annaba- 23000, Algeria) : Importance of lake tonga for the wintering of eurasian wigeon (anas penelope) and gadwall (Anas strepera). Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 244-50.
The monitoring of the numbers of Eurasian wigeon and gadwall ducks during two winter cycles (2014/ 2015 and 2015/2016) at Lake Tonga, shows that Eurasian wigeon is an early overwinter; this duck is very sensitive to the cold wave. . The gadwall is a late overwinter. Lake Tonga is classified as a nationally and internationally important wintering site for both species. The numbers recorded in 2014/2015 are higher than in 2015/2016, the drop in numbers is explained by climate change (the heat wave that reigned in Europe this year). The study of the diurnal behavior of the two species of Anatidae during their wintering at Lake Tonga showed that the two ducks exploit the studied site as a foraging area.
9 illus, 23 ref
SARKAR R, BORA A K, SARMA T
001181 SARKAR R, BORA A K, SARMA T (Geography Dep, Gauhati Univ, Guwahati, Assam) : Shifting cultivation in relation to slope pattern and elevation in Karbi Anglong District of Assam. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 239-43.
Shifting cultivation is practiced along the hill slopes in Karbi Anglong District for subsistence living. It is an old agricultural system in which plot of land are cultivated temporally. Shifting cultivation involves cleaning of forest area in hill slope. Shifting cultivation is also an adaptive forest management practice in which hill and mountain are productively utilized. The aim of this research paper is to investigate the slope pattern and elevation of Karbi Anglong District of Assam. Another aim of this study is to analyze the distributional pattern of shifting cultivation and its relation to slope of the study area. Supervised Classification method with maximum likelihood algorithm has been used for land use classification and demarcation of jhum practiced area in Arc GIS 10.2.1 and this method is well recognized for the land use classification throughout the world. For ground truth verification and error reduction field study is carried out using the GPS. Elevation and slope map of the study area has been prepared with the help of contour line and SRTM (1arc) data downloaded from USGS of the study area. Digital elevation map has been prepared to show slope patter and elevation of Karbi Anglong district. Slope up to twenty degree are ideal for shifting cultivation in the study area.
5 illus, 4 tables, 17 ref
YULIANI, YUDONO B, IBRAHIM E, WIDJAJANTI H
001179 YULIANI, YUDONO B, IBRAHIM E, WIDJAJANTI H (Sriwijaya Univ, South Sumatera, Indonesia) : Consortium bacteria application for ultrasonic wave microbial enhanced oil recovery. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 231-5.
The Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery process using several bacteria or consortium of bacteria is a potential method of obtaining crude oil in a reservoir. Biosurfactants as secondary metabolites of consortium I bacteria (Bhurkholderiaglumae, Pseudomonas fluorescence, Pseudomonas citronellolis) and consortium II bacteria (Bhurkholderiaglumae, Pseudomonas peli, Pseudomonas citronellolis) with time variations of ultrasonic, NaCl and pH in a temperature range of 70 °C and 90 °C is applied to recover oil. The sonication process uses digital ultrasound at 20 kHz. The best results were obtained from the results of oil recovery at 2 minutes of ultrasonic transmission, 6% NaCl, and pH 7 for consortium I bacteria (59.28%). The best temperature was 70 °C for consortium II bacteria (52.76%). Consortium bacteria in ultrasonic wave emission have the potential to increase oil recovery.
4 illus, 15 ref
SINGH P K, UPGUPTA S
001178 SINGH P K, UPGUPTA S (Environmental Science and Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Dhanbad- 826 004, Jharkhand) : Post-mining land use determination based on land suitability analysis: A case study in Bokaro District of India. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 226-30.
Large scale coal-mining activities result in extensive environmental degradation. Appropriate ecological restoration is required to reduce these impacts of mining on the environment and ecosystems. The present study assesses the suitability of abandoned mining sites for conversion into forests and agriculture lands in Bokaro district of India. Land suitability analysis was carried out using selected topographic variables like elevation, slope, aspect, relief and distance from the rivers. Normalization and clustering techniques were used to classify the area into four land suitability classes namely unsuitable, less suitable, moderately suitable and highly suitable. For each of the selected mining sites, a suitable land use alternative was suggested for its restoration based on the analysis as well as past and present land use status. On the basis of the results, it was concluded that 28.7% of the site area in Govindpur and 33.9% in Kathara are highly suitable for transformation into forests or agriculture while other areas require substantial and preliminary land reclamation. The abandoned mine sites of Bokaro have a high potential for development into useful and attractive recreation point and plantation activities.
3 illus, 1 table, 11 ref
CHUZAIMAH, SJARKOWI F, WILDAYANA E, YUNITA
001177 CHUZAIMAH, SJARKOWI F, WILDAYANA E, YUNITA (Agribusiness Dep, Sriwijaya Univ, South Sumatera, Indonesia) : Land cover dynamics and income of converting and non-converting farmers in the rawas sub-watershed, North Musi rawas regency. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 219-25.
The level of criticality of the watershed is closely related to the farming community’s socioeconomic level around the watershed area, as indicated by changes in land cover. This study aims to analyze land cover change dynamics and compare the income of conversion and non-conversion farmers in Lubuk Kumbung Village, North Musi Rawas Regency. The method used to analyze land cover is ArcMap Ver. 10.2 with Landsat 8 for path/row 124/62 and 126/62 for image analysis, and the formulas of income (NR), revenue (TR), and production costs (TC) to produce the amount income. The results showed that the land cover dynamics of Lubuk Kumbung Village were dominated by the land cover of the national park, which reached 86.44% in the 2018 period. Inland national parks, protected forests, and limited production forests showed a decreasing trend, while the cover for fields and plantations was the opposite. The comparison of the income of conversion and non-conversion farmers showed that the income of non-converting farmers to rice and coffee had a lower income value than that of oil palm conversion farmers. Still, there was a large difference in rice crops, while the difference between coffee and oil palm income was small. Plants that do not convert to rubber have the highest income value compared to other commodities. Compared to oil palm conversion crops, the value of rubber income is greater than palm oil, with the difference reaching IDR 14,665,321.60/ha/year.
4 illus, 1 table, 26 ref
SAMEENA C, SABINA A
001176 SAMEENA C, SABINA A (Amity Univ, UAE) : The effects of rising temperature on cell viability, relative water content and proline accumulation of plants. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 214-8.
Gases emissions due to human activities are substantially adding to the existing concentration of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide, methane, CFC at nitrous oxides. Different global circulation models predict that greenhouse gases will gradually increase worlds average ambient temperature. According to a report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC), global mean temperature will rise 0. 3% oC per decade reaching to approximately 1 and 3% o C above the present value by years 2025 and 2100, respectively and leading to global warming. Heat stress due to high ambient temperature is a serious threat to crop production worldwide. So, keeping the above in view a research program was planned, and an attempt was made to study the eco-physiological parameters and how these contribute in mitigating the adverse effect of heat stress in potato crop. For this, potato cultivars of diverse nature, namely heat susceptible Kufri Ashoka andheat tolerant Kufri Surya were evaluated for eco- physiological attributes namely cell viability, Relative water content, and Proline content. The experiments were conducted in plastic pots which were exposed at predetermined range of temperature that is 20, 30 and 40. Sampling was done at 45, 60 and 75 days after planting (DAP) and one plant/pot was used for taking observations. Significant differences were noticed in tolerant and susceptible cultivars. It was noticed that Kufri Surya maintained a higher Proline and relative water content at all growth stages under all temperature regimes included in the present study. In Kufri Ashoka the metabolic injury was almost double the injury experienced by Kufri Surya. The results in cell viability test indicated that genotypic differences exist in Kufri Ashoka and Kufri Surya. In overall performance, the higher relative water content, cell viability and higher leaf proline in Kufri Surya suggest that through these traits individually as well as in coordination this Genotype could sustain its functional integrity and deviated least during heat stress. Therefore selection of potato cultivars early in clonal generations, on the basis of these criteria/traits may expedite and help to develop more heat tolerant potato cultivars and thereby can equip potato production system better for the projected climate change inevitable due to global warming.
3 tables, 16 ref
HADISUWITO A S, HASSAN F H
001174 HADISUWITO A S, HASSAN F H (Sains Malaysia Univ, Penang Island- 11800, Malaysia) : A comparative study of drought factors in the mcarthur forest fire danger index in Indonesian forest. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 202-6.
The calculation method used in Australia in assessing the forest fire hazard index is the McArthur Forest Fire Danger Index (MFFDI). One important component in the MFFDI calculation is the drought factor. The original MFFDI calculation method formulates the drought factor using parameters of temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed, or is given a constant value of 10 with certain conditions. The use of this parameter is not effective because the calculation of drought factors and index calculation, in general, is used at one time. The development of a suitable forest fire hazard index specifically implemented for forests in Indonesia is urgently needed. The character of forests in Indonesia is relatively different due to the influence of weather and climate that requires adjustments in its application. In the present work, a comparative study will be conducted by comparing the original drought factor of MFFDI, the drought factor of the Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI), and the drought factor of the Mount’s Soil Dryness Index (MDSI). The output generated from this study is the McArthur calculation method using drought factor’s KBDI is the most suitable method to be used to calculate the forest fire hazard index in Indonesia.
2 tables, 16 ref
MURJANI, WAHYU, FATMAWATI, HIDAYAT T, YUSUF M
001172 MURJANI, WAHYU, FATMAWATI, HIDAYAT T, YUSUF M (Lambung Mangkurat Univ, South Kalimantan- 70123, Indonesia) : Strategy of community empowerment program in the economic sector at Pt adaro Indonesia’s coal mining in South Kalimantan. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 192-201.
Community Development (Com Dev) is essentially a process of sociocultural adaptation carried out by companies, national and local governments to the lives of local communities. One aim of implementing ComDev is to increase the capacity of the community, which is to improve the standard of living and welfare of the local community. This study plans a strategy for developing a ComDev program in the economic field in the coal mining of PT Adaro Indonesia in South Kalimantan. The study was conducted in the coal mining area (Ring 1), namely in Balangan Regency and Tabalong Regency. The data analysis method used is the SWOT method. The results of the study found that the strategy for developing community economic programs in PT Adaro Indonesia’s coal mining in South Kalimantan that must be applied is an aggressive strategy that is the strategy to continue developing the ComDev program. These aggressive strategies include; 1) to optimize the availability of human resources and the progress of the company in utilizing innovation and technological advancements for the development of the ComDev programs, and 2) to use innovation & technological advancements to reduce the burden of accessing the company’s relatively broad work area and to improve better program supervision.
7 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref
QUYET D H, DUONG H T T, CHERNYAVSKIKH S D, TINH P H, DAT T V, TU N T
001171 QUYET D H, DUONG H T T, CHERNYAVSKIKH S D, TINH P H, DAT T V, TU N T (Vietnam-Russia Tropical Centre, Ha Noi, Vietnam) : Red blood cell morphology of some fish species in Ha Tinh and Nha Trang, Vietnam. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 175-80.
The article presents the research results of red blood cell morphology of 6 fish species caught in the wild (Mugilidae sp., Decapterus sp., Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, Scatophagus argus, Aluterus monoceros, Pampus argenteus) and 2 cultured fish species (Sciaenops ocellatus, Lates calcarifer) in Ha Tinh and Nha Trang. The data obtained showed that the red blood cells of the wild and cultured fish groups both exhibited cytoplasm disorders but the degrees of manifestation were different, with the main abnormal forms being nucleus distribution and erythrocyte nucleus shape disorders, no disorder in the form of micronuclei in the cytoplasm were found. The group of fish caught from the natural environment and Lates calcarifer have a low rate of red blood cell morphological disorder, ranging from 0 to 2%, while for Sciaenops ocellatus, although the areas show different levels of disorders, all show serious morphological disorders, particularly it was up to 87% in some certain areas–which means that Sciaenops ocellatus is being negatively affected by external factors. Images and detailed analysis can be found in the article.
3 illus, 2 tables, 38 ref
KABAN S, ARMANTO M E, RIDHO M R, HARIANI P L
001170 KABAN S, ARMANTO M E, RIDHO M R, HARIANI P L (Research Institute for Inland Fisheries and Extension, Palembang, Indonesia) : Identification species, diversity and structure of community of plankton in two Oxbow Lakes, Jambi Province, Indonesia. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 166-74.
The Sipin and Teluk Lakes are two of oxbow lakes located in Jambi Provinces, Indonesia. Both of them useful for many activities such as agriculture, fisheries, transportation etc. for using monitoring aquatic diversity is thus essential. It has a variety of productive habitats that support the availability of fish resources, The research described in this paper was conducted in March and June 2018 with the purpose of assessing the diversity, plankton communities as an indicator to monitor and manage the lakes. The planktons were collected and analyzed in the Laboratory of research instituted for inland fisheries and extension. Plankton sampling using by a net Nu, 25, to calculate the community structure and diversity of plankton used by ecological indices (abundance, dominance, constancy and ecological significance) and diversity indices (Shannon and Simpson diversity). In Sipin lake, a total of 65 species of plankton where are 48 species of phytoplankton and 17 species of zooplankton were recorded, Phacus (Mastigopora) has the highest abundance. While, in Teluk lake a total of 59 species of plankton, 39 species of phytoplankton and 17 species of zooplankton were recorded, Ullotrix (Chlorophyta) has the highest abundance. Generally, diversity index in two oxbow lake categorized as moderated polluted. However, Teluk lake has more potential for fish resources development better than Sipin Lake if viewed from composition and species of plankton.
1 illus, 5 tables, 26 ref
JABBAR A A, FAZAL M
001169 JABBAR A A, FAZAL M (PG and Research Economics Dep , Farook Coll, Kerala) : Environment friendly initiatives of Kudumbashree Mission: The gateway for green microfinance in Kerala. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 155-65.
Green microfinance is the practice of weaving the principles of environmental sustainability into the daily operations of microfinance institutions and promoting environmentally-friendly practices and solutions (Allet et al., 2015). Kerala is a state which sacrificed its environment for its development and advancement in human development indicators. Though Kerala was a consumer state with enough local agriculture and food crops’ production, it imports food crops from the neighbouring states which begot its concern in food security and safety and health issues. So, the state is in dire need of organic farming and environment friendly initiatives in all sectors for which efforts have been started and run in full swing. Green microfinance is a way for this salvation as the majority are from middle and poor classes. Kudumbashree is a female based successful and fruitful enterprise in the state with more than 44 lakh women from various background. Microfinance and micro-entrepreneurship activities are run successfully all over the state in almost all fractions of the society needs, Kudumbashree is a proper gateway for implementing green microfinance in the state. This article enquires the prospects through which green microfinance can be implemented in the state analysing its environmental friendly initiatives especially paddy cultivation and organic farming. This study explored Kudumbashree website for acquiring required data.
5 tables, 28 ref
MAJID N A, RAZMAN M R, ZAKARIA S Z S, NAZI N M, AHMED M F, ZULKAFLI S A
001168 MAJID N A, RAZMAN M R, ZAKARIA S Z S, NAZI N M, AHMED M F, ZULKAFLI S A (Kebangsaan Malaysia Univ, Bangi- 43600, Malaysia) : Spatial-temporal diffusion pattern and hotspot detection of dengue in bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 148-54.
In the last few decades, dengue fever has dramatically increased in Malaysia and has caused huge public health concerns. This article examines dengue epidemics spatial and temporal dynamics in Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor State, Malaysia. The main aim of this study was to study spatial diffusion patterns and to identify the hotspots of dengue reported. The study utilized epidemiological data from the Malaysian Ministry of Health on dengue cases in 2015-2018. These details are analyzed and processed into GIS format. 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018 dengue outbreak geospatial spread pattern has been investigated and mapped. The hotspot analysis is presented as points on a map and refers to dengue cases locations in the area studied. In 2015-2018, it measured statistics from Getis-Ord Gi for dengue cases. In the region of Bandar Baru in Bangi, with a cluster of high or low values, the associated Z- and p-values are displayed spatially. The chart has varied from -3 (cold spot -99% of confidence) to +3 (hotspots-99% of confidence) to establish the spatial distribution of dengue fever in Bandar Baru Bangi. In this report, persistent hotspot areas indicated that urbanization is one of the key reasons for the impact of dengue and the consequence would lead to reducing the effect within particular areas for the future.
5 illus, 2 tables, 24 ref
MUAINI, ZAMRONI, DWININGRUM S I A
001167 MUAINI, ZAMRONI, DWININGRUM S I A (Yogyakarta State Univ, Indonesia) : Local wisdom based eco-cultural tourism in sade village central lombok, Indonesia. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 141-7.
Sade village is one of the villages in central regency which has various local wisdom that that has been maintained to date as a cultural tourism attraction. Local wisdom contained in the village of sade consists of tangible and intangible. This research uses ethnographic research methods with participatory observation data collection techniques, interviews, documentation, field notes and data analysis by using inductive. Local wisdom contained in the village of sade as a cultural tourist attraction is a typical building of sasak tribe, peresehan, weaving Lombok, gendangbeleq dance. Sade village is also equipped with accessability, amneitas, and Community Involvement. To increase tourist visits conducted by the development of places and tourism activites, accommodation, access to tourist destinations, tourism support facilities, as well as tourism maeketing communications. Tourism marketing is done by designing a marketing mix, advertising, and price.
5 illus, 19 ref
SANTHOSH KUMAR T M, PRAKASH K L
001166 SANTHOSH KUMAR T M, PRAKASH K L (Environmental Sciences Dep , Bangalore Univ, Bangalore- 560 056, Karnataka) : Spatio-temporal analysis of upper tungabhadra sub basin, Karnataka, India. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 135-40.
An attempt has been made with an aim to document the land use and land cover changes in treated and untreated catchments in the Tungabhadra sub basin using geospatial data of the last three decades representing 1996, 2006 and 2016. The satellite data obtained from Landsat thematic mapper were used for land use and land cover classification. The data sets were processed for False Color Compositeby using ERDAS Imagine 9.3. Three decadal analysis results revealed that barren land is increased to 4.89% and waste land to 37.12%. Alarmingly, the built up area is increased from 143.83 Sq.km (1996) to 583.34 Sq.km (2016). Statistics reveal that, larger area of the catchment was treated with various engineering and biological measures by the authorities (26,350 Sq.km) and whereas a smaller portion of 2766.60 Sq.km is untreated. As it is an irrigated area,the more treatment activities need to be covered by the Watershed Development Department. Land cover analysis revealed that, there is no significant exponential change observed in untreated catchment compared to treated catchment. Hence, due to ineffectiveness or failure of treatment activities in the treated catchments leads to serious ramification on siltation of Tungabhadra reservoir. Thus, water storage capacity has reduced and the purpose of reservoir for which it was built could not be fulfilled.
2 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref
KRISHNAN M, PRAVEEN DHAR T
001165 KRISHNAN M, PRAVEEN DHAR T (Mahathma Gandhi Coll, Kerala Univ) : Phytoplankton diversity and physico-chemical features of Achankovil river, India. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 131-4.
The present study focuses on the phytoplankton diversity and physico-chemical parameters of Achankovil River during the post monsoon season. Water samples were collected during the morning and the phytoplankton were collected by plankton net Number-20 silk bolting cloth having a mesh size of 20 µm. A total forty three phytoplankton genera were recorded from the study area. They belonging to the four major classes, Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae and Euglenophyceae. Physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, alkalinity and amount of calcium, hardness of water, content of nitrate and silicate and productivity also were analyzed. Phytoplankton diversity and physico-chemical parameters showed significant variations in different study sites.
3 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref
ISLAM E, AHMED M S, AHMADKHAN S, KHALEQUE M A, AHAMMED S S
001164 ISLAM E, AHMED M S, AHMADKHAN S, KHALEQUE M A, AHAMMED S S (Environmental Science & Management Dep, Independent Univ, Bangladesh) : Incentives and barriers of integrated roof top farming (IRF) in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 123-30.
Unprecedented economic growth and burgeoning population have triggered massive vertical and horizontal expansion of cities across the world in recent decades. Integrated rooftop garden (IRF) in high-density cities is an urban agricultural practice that ensures alternative and efficient use of space and offers a great deal of social, economic, health, and environmental benefits. Dhaka is a rapidly expanding city, and a large scale IRF practices can be implemented due to the nature and availability of the rooftop space. Given the context, this research aims to analyze the potential incentives and barriers to adopting IRF in Dhaka city. IRF is a unique farming method where fish, vegetables, and fruits can be grown on the rooftop in a planned way and on a small scale without affecting buildings’ structure. Hence, the research adopted two approaches: a small experiment on rooftop fish farming to estimate the economic value and a survey on public perception regarding IRF in Dhaka city. A small-scale biofloc based rooftop fish farming system was implemented on a rooftop of a building in Dhaka, where 200 climbing perch fishes were grown. Besides, a public perception survey regarding the incentives and barriers to implementing IRF was conducted online, and 150 responses were recorded. Water quality and fish growth were measured regularly. Survey data was analyzed using SPSS, and the relative importance index method was employed to interpret results. The results indicate that fish mortality in such a system was very low (less than 7%), and considering the return on investment, IRF is a feasible option. Survey data analysis suggests that access to the respondents’ rooftop is strongly associated (p<0.05) with house ownership type. The relative importance index of benefits reveals that IRF has microclimatic benefits like reduced temperature, increased air quality, and increased aesthetics. As identified, the critical challenges to IRF are lack of houseowners’ interest, additional maintenance cost, and lack of social networking. The research addresses the need for advocacy initiatives to encourage IRF practices among residents to formalize urban agriculture concepts.
3 illus, 3 tables, 30 ref
PRIYATNO A D, SAPUTRA D, RACHMAN F A, SITORUS R J, NOVRIKASARI, MARSIDI
001162 PRIYATNO A D, SAPUTRA D, RACHMAN F A, SITORUS R J, NOVRIKASARI, MARSIDI (Environmental Science Dep, Sriwijaya Univ, Palembang, Indonesia) : The early detection of glyphosate-based herbicides exposure in the palm plantation of Banyuasin district, Indonesia. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 111-5.
Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) has been used in plantation areas as an herbicide and continuously increased use over the past decade. However, the excesses use of glyphosate potentially formed the residues which accumulate in agricultural products and become pollution for the environment. The presence of glyphosate in the environment threat not only biological elements but also the community which impacts death. This research aimed to trace the active ingredient of glyphosate in the plantation area of PT X in Banyuasin District-Indonesia. The samples were water, ambient air, and soil taken in the plantation area. In the water body, the highest residue of glyphosate was found in the main drain (0,02 µg/L), followed by a collection drain (<0,005 µg/L), and consumed water (<0,005 µg/L). The water pH differentiated the contained glyphosate which correlated to how the glyphosate dissolved in the water. In the soil sample, the highest glyphosate was found in the plantation which has never harvested (immature plant) showing 0,09 mg/kg of glyphosate. The most possible reason was that in those area has lower palm trees (1-3 meters) and mostly dominated by weeds. In the ambient air, the concentration of glyphosate was 125,50 µg/m3 and still under the threshold value regulated by the government of the Republic of Indonesia. The low concentration of glyphosate in the air was because most of the glyphosate applied in the plantation area was in the liquid phase which sprays directly to the weeds. The possible mist formed during the spraying was down to the soil or water. In conclusion, the contamination of glyphosate in the plantation area of PT. X in Banyuasin District, Indonesia was under the threshold value of environmental quality standard.
1 table, 29 ref
SRIVASTAVA K
001161 SRIVASTAVA K (Family Resource Management Dep, S.M.Patel Coll of Home Science, Vallabh Vidya Nagar, Gujarat) : Appraising the role of women in managing the household waste for sustainable environment. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 106-10.
Besides facing many other problems by the number of countries and cities, one of the foremost problem is accumulation of waste. Waste is anything which is not used by its possessor and thrown or discarded. There are many reasons that contribute in rapid waste generation, i.e. increased population, swift urbanization, changing lifestyle, etc. Household waste is the prime source of waste accumulation in every country. It is essential to identify the role of women who help in competent dealing of waste at household level. The sustainability of the environment is very much reliant on the manner in which the excursion of waste takes place from cradle to grave. Consequently, the study was undertaken to appraise the role of women in managing household waste for sustainable environment.
17 ref
KAUR G
001160 KAUR G (Energy and Environment Dep, Symbiosis Institute of International Business, Pune) : Explorative research on bio-based plastics and its role in closing the loop of circular economy. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 100-5.
Excessive use of conventional plastics with increased environmental pollution and exploitation of fossil fuels has led scientists to come up with various alternatives such as bio-based plastics. Bio-based plastics can be defined as the plastic derived from organic material such as corn, starch, potatoes or from materials extracted from microbes. These can be biodegradable or non-degradable depending on what they are comprised of. Bio-based plastics are considered to be beneficial but it is very important to study the negative impacts of these plastics on the environment. The present review highlights the points regarding the types, applications of biobased plastics, bioplastic production in India, different environmental conditions required for the biodegradation of bio-based plastics and their acceptability as a step towards sustainable development.
38 ref
MAJID N A, RAZMAN M R, ZAKARIA S Z S, NAZI N M
001159 MAJID N A, RAZMAN M R, ZAKARIA S Z S, NAZI N M (Kebangsaan Malaysia Univ, Bangi- 43600, Malaysia) : Geographical dengue incident analysis using Kernel density estimation in Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 91-9.
Malaysia’s population is set to reach 33.10 million by the end of 2020. About 10 75% of the population of Malaysia lived in urban areas and cities. The metropolitan area of Greater Kuala Lumpur had a population of more than seven million that year, making it the largest urban area in Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur as the city centre for Greater Kuala Lumpur has been ranked as Southeast Asia’s second most liveable city after Singapore. The livable city imperative is relevant because Malaysia’s urbanization process is moving towards harmonization with the principles of sustainable development. Livable city involves many interdependent factors contributing to the urban quality of life. With their complete physical and social infrastructures, the urban types are an essential basis for improving the quality of life of the urbanites. However, increasing population and rapid land-use changes led to the emergence of vector-borne diseases such as dengue in urban area. Prolong dengue outbreaks will reduce livability in urban areas. Therefore, this study aims to look at the density of dengue distribution in Bandar Baru Bangi town in 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017. The study uses data provided from the Ministry of Health Malaysia and shows the focus of dengue cases in residential and industrial areas of Bandar Baru Bangi town. Spatial analysis using Geographical Information System (GIS) was applied to identify the locality of dengue incidence within study area. Spatial statistical analysis of dengue cases used Kernel Density Estimation to distinguish dengue hotspots from the distribution of exact location of dengue cases reported in Bandar Baru Bangi town. Kernel density estimation showed the dengue hotspots concentrated on the east of 29 Bandar Baru Bangi town. The results found that the highest density was in 2015 was 605 to 706 points per square kilometres. This study also discover that most of the hotspots constructed were located at the residential area of Bandar Baru Bangi. This study is essential to help local authorities eradicate dengue in urban areas for future management strategies; therefore, this study is vital to help local authorities eradicate dengue in urban areas for future management strategies.
9 illus, 2 tables, 42 ref
SARAVANAN S S, JAGADEESH P
001158 SARAVANAN S S, JAGADEESH P (Highways Dep, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu) : Assesment of concrete paver blocks with alternative sand material. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 84-90.
All over the world the availability of natural sand is in acute shortage due to over exploitation of sand from the river beds so almost all the countries are doing research for alternative sand material for preparation of concrete. In India also the availability of natural sand material is lesser and also most of the states in India were already abandoned for excavation from river beds due to depletion of water table. In the present work crushed sand is used for replacement of natural sand which is crushed in Vertical Shaft Impact crushers (VSI). This crushed sand is termed as Manufactured sand (M-Sand) in the present work. This M-sand is used for making concrete for preparation of concrete paver blocks with replacement of natural sand from 0% to 100% with various proportions at an increment of 10%. The mechanical properties like split tensile strengths, flexural strength, and durability properties such as Abrasion resistance, freez-Thaw showed that it significantly improved compared with control mix concrete. The paver blocks are the new ideology in construction of roads in low traffic, medium traffic and heavy traffic roads. This research is an attempt made for utilizing the M-Sand in commercial production of value added products such as paver blocks. This will be beneficial to the environmentally and ecologically sustainable development of new world towards a greener world since use of natural sand produces the depletion of ground water table in the world as a whole and India in particular.
5 illus, 6 tables, 18 ref
SINHA P R, KUMAR E K, UNIYAL V P
001157 SINHA P R, KUMAR E K, UNIYAL V P (GB Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi- katarmal, Almora) : Groundwater hydrochemistry of naulas and dharas (Springs) of Almora kumaon himalayas in Uttrakhand their evaluation using graphical tools. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 80-3.
This paper focuses on the water quality status of the springs which are the only source of water of the region. Almora is an important region of Indian Himalayan region (IHR) which is rapidly growing in the population and urbanization that has compromised the ground water quality and even their existence. The onsite disposal of waste and infiltration of contaminants have posed miserable condition of the springs. A total of 21 samples from the springs of the region were collected to study the physicochemical parameters and most of the parameters were seen to be above the guidelines of USEPA and WHO. The quality of water in this paper is evaluated by Durov diagram method and Stiff diagram method. The results of most of the samples revealed that they were not found fit for drinking.
7 ref
PALOMERAS, REYNALDO JR, SANCHES B, FERMILAN R L, CHARISH P, BALLON J E, 2 LAO C B, MALABARBAS GERALD T
001156 PALOMERAS, REYNALDO JR, SANCHES B, FERMILAN R L, CHARISH P, BALLON J E, 2 LAO C B, MALABARBAS GERALD T (Dr. Carlos S. Lanting Coll, Quezon City, Philippines) : Environmental impact of sanitary landfill to the groundwater and surface water quality. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 73-9.
A sanitary landfill is an engineered waste management strategy wherein dumped wastes have been completely degraded biologically, chemically, and physically. However, issues on the production of leachate and gases are still observed that posed potential threats to human health and environmental quality. This study assessed the environmental impact of sanitary landfills on groundwater and surface water quality of deep wells, springs, and rivers. Grab water sampling technique was used to get the water samples from the selected water bodies within one (1) kilometer radius of the sanitary landfill. Then, water samples were analyzed in the accredited laboratory. The quality of water parameters during dry and wet seasons was compared to the PNSDW, WHO, DENR DAO 2016-08 standards. The study’s findings revealed that most of the physicochemical parameters of the surface and groundwater are still in good quality. However, TDS of DW2, the turbidity of DW3 taken from groundwater samples, and TDS of the spring water samples have failed from its permissible limits during the wet season. The water quality of both surface and groundwater are still good and free from leachate contaminations. The study may conclude that sanitary landfill at present has a less damaging impact on the water quality of the water bodies within the area. Lastly, the study strongly recommends the continuously implement their effective and efficient management of the sanitary landfill and observance of the RA 9003 and policies be consciously observed to avoid tragic public health risk and adverse environmental impacts.
1 illus, 3 tables, 21 ref
BORAH N, BORUA P K, SAIKIA S P
001155 BORAH N, BORUA P K, SAIKIA S P (Biological Sciences & Technology Div, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat- 785 006, Assam) : Effect of water stress on morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular responses of plants: A Review. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 59-72.
Drought is the most important abiotic factor which results in decrease in plant growth and plant productivity. Every plant is exposed either directly or indirectly to drought stress which triggers a wide variety of plant responses. Drought stress seriously affects on plant physiology, biochemistry and molecular mechanism of the plants. Plant develops some mechanism to cope up with the changes. Plant also uses morphological, physiological and biochemical adaptation to mitigate the effect of drought stress. Degree of stress mainly depends on which mechanism plant uses to cope up with the challenge. However, the negative impacts caused by drought is expected, particularly in the case of forest species, because climate change is causing longer and more frequent periods of water deficit, reducing the viability of areas for planting trees. From ecophysiology to cell metabolism, there were several studies on effect of drought. This review is focused mainly on information about the effects of drought on plant growth, physiology as well as plant nutrients and gene expression studies.
115 ref
INTYAS C A, FATTAH M, UTAMI T N
001154 INTYAS C A, FATTAH M, UTAMI T N (Social Economics Dep, Brawijaya Univ, Indonesia) : Mapping stakeholder’s roles in clungup mangrove conservation tiga warna sendang biru ecotourism’s value chain. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 54-8.
Ecotourism is a sustainable tourism development concept that aims to conserve the environment (nature and culture). One type of ecotourism is mangrove ecotourism. Clungup Mangrove Conservation (CMC) Tiga Warna is a famous ecotourism located on Sendang Biru Beach, South Malang. This study aimed to analyze the stakeholder’s involvement in CMC Tiga Warna Sendang Biru Ecotourism’s value chain. The data were analyzed using the concept of the Yilmaz and Bititci value chain. The research results found that the Bhakti Alam Foundation managed the CMC Tiga Warna Ecotourism with members from POKMASWAS Gatra Olah Alam Lestari (GOAL) by applying the concept of conservation-oriented in the application of sustainable tourism. Other actors involved are local communities, consumers, and the government. The problems that existed were related to Government Agencies’ overlapping roles, causing management to be slightly hampered. For example, infrastructure problems, including arranging permits by Perum Perhutani and negotiating their management with the Tourism Office. Therefore, it is necessary to establish reliable cooperation between agencies to pursue better ecotourism management.
2 illus, 11 ref
ROHAINI G, SUKENDI, SIREGAR S H, YOSWATI D
001153 ROHAINI G, SUKENDI, SIREGAR S H, YOSWATI D (Environmental Sciences Dep , Riau Univ, Pekanbaru, Indonesia) : Application of urban agriculture to strengthen availability of private green open space (GOS) on petroleum producing Duri City, Indonesia. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 48-53.
Ministry of National Development Planning (PPN) / National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas), the Republic of Indonesia stated that Indonesia is committed to the environment in 2045 with a program towards Indonesia’s Green Economy marked by a 41% reduction in emissions. The existence of green open space (GOS) is an important factor in supporting the ecological sustainability of a city, The role of GOS in addition lies in improving temperature and humidity also found in the reduction of CO2 emissions. The main purpose of this research is to plan an integration strategy between GOS and the Urban Agriculture Program. in Duri City, Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province, which is one of the petroleum producing cities in Indonesia. The method of this research using GIS-AHP approach. The strategy action consists of environmental, economic and social commitments are maintained for development sustainability by implementing green technology, green economic regulation and strengthening the green community movement. The main result of research prove that strategic integration of GOS Privat with Urban Agriculture Program u in Duri City contributes GOS Private availability of 14,134%, so that gos private has exceeded the requirement limit of at least 10% based on the mandate of the Spatial Arrangement Act, Republic of Indonesia.
5 illus, 1 table, 23 ref
RANDHI U D, SWARAJ J, KUMAR K S, PATRUDU T B
001152 RANDHI U D, SWARAJ J, KUMAR K S, PATRUDU T B (Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management, Hyderabad, Telangana) : Sensible heat flux characterization using satellite remote sensing techniques. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 42-7.
Land surface temperature (LST), vegetation index, and emissivity are significant heat flux calculating components. These also stand as critical indicators for environmental components analysis in the climatological, meteorological, and hydrological applications. In this study, extensive research illustrated heat flux characterization by generating land surface temperature (LST) with LANDSAT - 8 satellite images for Patancheru industrial area subjected to algorithm-based analysis. A simultaneous Land use Land cover (LULC) classification developed for different category areas such as vegetation, bare soil, water body, and built-up land. These classes zonal attributes were calculated from the various developed products such as emissivity, Land surface temperature (LST), and Sensible heat flux. From the results, the emissivity values observed are in the range between 0.98 and 0.99. The LST values are observed in between 30 to 44 o C. A high SHF value was found over the Gullied areas as 17.2815 W/m2 , followed by industrial area (3.8508 W/m2 ) and built-up land (-2.8161 W/m2 ). Multi-temporal data helped to investigate the relationship between land surface temperature (LST) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values in temporal resolution. These results represented the high-temperature variations in the study area. The sensible heat flux characterization results proved that sensible heat flux and land surface temperature values are directly proportional.
5 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref
SIDDIQUE M N I, RASIT N, ALI N, AWAL M R, IBRAHIM Z B, ISMAIL S B
001151 SIDDIQUE M N I, RASIT N, ALI N, AWAL M R, IBRAHIM Z B, ISMAIL S B (Malaysia Terengganu Univ, Terengganu, Malaysia) : Effect of salinity on biogas generation from anaerobic digestion of aquaculture wastewater. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 35-41.
The effect of salinity on biogas generation from anaerobic digestion of aquaculture wastewater was examined in this study. Different food to microorganism proportion were examined (0.29, 0.14, 0.082, 0.27, 0.13, 0.075, 0.27, 0.13 and 0.076), so as to evaluate the digester performance. COD elimination, the highest biogas production were estimated for evaluating the efficiency of the anaerobic system. COD removals were above 85% for all of the salinities. When the saltiness was increased from 0 to 18 g/l, and a high feed to microorganism proportion (0.28) was utilized the biogas production was diminished. Biogas yield was decreased to 63%, when saltiness was expanded from 0 to 18 g/l. The examination on the utilization of anaerobic sludge molded at high saltiness shows a promising viewpoint for the treatment of wastewater and to enhance the biogas generation.
4 illus, 3 tables, 39 ref
HERMONA G B, SHARMA D
001150 HERMONA G B, SHARMA D (Petroleum and Energy Studies Univ, Dehradun- 248 007, Uttarakhand) : Non-Invasive techniques for identification of individuals within a species: A computational review. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 20-34.
As technological advances are made to sustain the wildlife in our environment there is a requirement of robust non-invasive techniques equipped to distinctly identify individual animals within a species. Identification of individuals from species and tracking of the identified individuals have been conducted with mostly invasive techniques in the past. However, recently multiple methods for non-invasive identification of individuals in the species have emerged, using computer vision algorithms. In addition, the time complexity and space complexity of the technological approaches are far better than the previously used manual approach for individual identification. There exist a wide range of differences among these techniques, based on the patterns in consideration and the approaches used. This amounts to a large collection of techniques that have value and scope in the subject of pattern recognition and thus demand for a comparative study of these techniques, with a discussion on their accuracy, ease of use and their adaptability in various scenarios. This work reviews the different pattern matching techniques among a plethora of algorithms used to identify animal individuals, within various animal species along with their complexity, categorizing them based on the type of pattern used for recognition. The emphasis is towards the insights of computational techniques for various image-based animal biometrics with the intention to automate these processes. It is observed that mathematically modelled identification techniques with algorithmically specialized normalization techniques are the most efficient identification techniques in a broad range of scenarios. This work provides a foundation, so that better algorithms and techniques can be modelled with respect to the existing ones for identification of individuals in a specific species.
1 illus, 8 tables, 32 ref
THUY V V
001148 THUY V V (The Univ of Fire Prevention and Fighting, Hanoi, Viet Nam) : The impact of wildfires in Vietnam on climate change. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 9-12.
For the recent years, due to global warming, the global average surface temperature has increased, accompanied by natural disasters happened to Vietnam like flood, drought, thunderstorms, river bank erosion, rise of sea level, saline intrusion occurred not according to the operational cycle, especially the current historic saline drought taking place in the provinces of the Mekong Delta, proving that the situation of climate change is becoming more and more complicated. One of the reasons affecting such change is the serious problem - forest fire and its relevance to climate change.
5 illus, 9 ref
MAJID N A, RAZMAN M R, ZAKARIA S Z S, AHMED M F, ZULKAFLI S A
001147 MAJID N A, RAZMAN M R, ZAKARIA S Z S, AHMED M F, ZULKAFLI S A (Kebangsaan Malaysia Univ, Bangi- 43600, Malaysia) : Flood disaster in Malaysia: Approach review, causes and application of geographic information system (GIS) for mapping of flood risk area. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S2, 1-8.
The study conducted through the method of approach review is to identify the dominant causes affecting the occurrence of floods in Malaysia. In addition, this approach review focuses on the importance and effectiveness of the Geographic Information System (GIS) in flood studies in Malaysia. An approach review study was conducted by screening and analyzing research on flood risk mapping using GIS technique done in Malaysia. The findings show that the floods occurring in Malaysia over the last few years have clearly shown that the risk of flooding has worsened. The flood risk levels from year to year are parallel with human-modified environmental changes. Hence the combination of natural factors such as heavy rain and anthropogenic factors have resulted in extreme flood events.This research adds to the body of knowledge about integration of GIS application with factors studies on flooding, based on what previous research has found in that field. This is important to improve the field of GIS spatial analysis as a tool in flood mitigation in Malaysia. This review records on studies in flood risk mapping derived from GIS application by previous researchers in Malaysia and identified gaps that could give a different perspective in flood risk mitigation study in the future.
1 illus, 1 table, 45 ref
ALMEMRY A M S, AHMED Z S, BASHI B Z
001145 ALMEMRY A M S, AHMED Z S, BASHI B Z (Horticulture Science and Landscape Design Dep, Mosul Univ, Mosul, Iraq) : Micropropagation of tomato red rock using ba and kinetin. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(1), 534-8.
This investigation was carried out in Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory. Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul the objective of this study was to investigate the influence of different concentrations of benzyl adenine (BA) or Kinetin (kin) on multiplication of shoot tips of Tomato Red Rock and the effect of Indole-3 butyric acid (IBA) on rooting shoots propagation in vitro, the results can be summarized as follows: the highest shoots number 3.40 shoots per explant achieved from cultured shoot tips on medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l BA, while highest shoots number 2.0 shoot/explant achieved from cultured shoot tips on medium supplemented with 6.0 mg/L Kin. highest rooting percentage, roots number, root length were100% rooting, 4.4 roots/explant, 4.34 cm were achieved respectively from cultured shoots on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L IBA.
3 illus, 3 tables, 28 ref
BEZUGLOVA O S, MINAEVA E N, MOROZOV I V, MANDZHIEVA S S, RAJPUT V D, BOLDYREVA V E
001144 BEZUGLOVA O S, MINAEVA E N, MOROZOV I V, MANDZHIEVA S S, RAJPUT V D, BOLDYREVA V E (Southern Federal Univ, Rostov-on-Don- 344 006, Russia) : Origin of the gypsum-bearing horizon of calcic chernozems in the south of Russia. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(1), 514-20.
The aim of the study was to investigate an effect of rainfall on formation of a subsoil horizon of readily soluble salts and gypsum in Calcic Chernozem (Loamic). Mathematical and statistical methods were used to calculate the wetted depth of the soil profile under an assumption that the soil receives on its surface a one-time rainfall with volume equal to the annual precipitation. We used data for the period from 1948 to 1980 on the average long-term wetted depth of the profile of Chernozems that formed on the territory of the northern part of Cis-Azov region, a vast area within the Rostov region, Russia. A comparative analysis of actual long-term and estimated wetted depths of Calcic Chernozems was performed. The calculated wetted depth was 192 cm. In reality in the considered area, up to 71% of the water received on the soil surface penetrates to the depths from 80 to 159 cm. This indicates that the horizon of readily soluble salts and gypsum located at the depth of over 220 cm is a relic. The gypsum formation cannot be associated with the level of the current groundwater table.
2 illus, 3 tables, 30 ref
ABIDIN Z, SETIAWAN B, MUHAIMIN A W, SHINTA A, ISLAMIYAH H
001142 ABIDIN Z, SETIAWAN B, MUHAIMIN A W, SHINTA A, ISLAMIYAH H (Brawijaya Univ, Indonesia) : Effect of environmental concern and sustainability on revisit intention with environmental awareness as a mediating variable. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(1), 499-508.
Sustainability and tourist attitude related to environmental concern and awareness are essentially alleged to determine revisit intention for the future of tourism destination. Discourse related to revisit behavioral intention was typically exposed through Theory of Reasoned Action. This study was undertaken by explanatory research to analyze the relationship between environmental concern (EC) and sustainability (S) on revisit intention (RI) with environmental awareness (EA) as a mediating variable. This study utilized judgment sampling technique, in which 180 respondents (domestic tourists) were collected through online questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted with inferential statistics in the form of SEM Warp PLS. The results indicated that EC had insignificant effect on RI directly and through EA, while EA had a significant effect on RI. Meanwhile, sustainability had a significant effect towards RI directly or through mediation of EA. The proposed model explains 49% of variance in the EA (R2 =49%) and 31% in the RI (R2 =31%). Destination Marketing Organization (DMO) is believed to assist revisit intention to coastal ecotourism by maintaining the sustainability of ecotourism destinations and environmental awareness of visitors, local communities, and ecotourism managers.
2 illus, 5 tables, 36 ref
CHANG Y S, KIM M J, JO S J
001141 CHANG Y S, KIM M J, JO S J (Gachon Univ, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea) : Convergence analysis of terrestrial protected areas by 159 Countries. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(1), 481-98.
Terrestrial biome protection is an important tool for biodiversity conservation.Differences in land use in protected areas are shown to have positive impact on biodiversity throughout the world. Aichi Target 11 states that by 2020, at least 17 percent of terrestrial areas globally should be conserved through effectively and equitably managed systems of protected areas. The major question of this research examines whether countries with low levels of terrestrial protection in the early years have been catching up faster to leading countries with higher terrestrial protection levels. Among four income subgroups as well as six regional subgroups out of a total of 159 countries, those subgroups with lower averaged protection levels in 1990 realized faster annual rate of increase for protection measure during the period of 1998 to 2015, displaying a process of catch-up. Furthermore, ó and γ convergence analysis of the income and the regional subgroups revealed the existence of the same type of relation between the 1990 protection level and annual rate of γ convergence as well as Ó convergence. In sum, the initial level of protection measure was critical in generating the linkage between the rate of increasing averaged protection measure, the decreasing speed of γ convergence and the declining speed of Ó convergence for respective income and regional subgroups of countries.Implication from these findings will be discussed.
9 tables, 29 ref
LESTARI R F, KAMAL M, WICAKSONO P
001140 LESTARI R F, KAMAL M, WICAKSONO P (Gadjah Mada Univ, Yogyakarta- 55281, Indonesia) : Analysis of the distribution of sea turtle nesting grounds based on physical characteristics along the coast of Kretek District, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(1), 472-80.
In the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, the quality of its southern coastal waters has been degrading due to land-use changes, including the logging of coastal plants to provide spaces for agricultural land. It is a factor contributing to the destruction of sea turtle habitat, narrowing the potential location for landing. This study aims to analyze the distribution of sea turtle nesting grounds based on the physical characteristics of the coastal area of the Kretek District. It employed a purposive sampling technique to collect field data, particularly by determining the samples based on the updated nesting grounds. At these sites, observations and data recording were carried out according to the parameters studied, namely slope gradient, land cover/use, soil temperature, air temperature, and humidity. The results showed that the identified sea turtle nesting grounds included Pelangi, Cemara Sewu, Barchan, and Parangkusumo Beaches. The species of sea turtles found on the coastline of the district were olive ridley or gray sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea). Although generally, this coast had similar physical characteristics, there were differences in the number of nesting grounds between one beach and the others, with the highest identified on Pelangi Beach (43 locations). Most sea turtles use areas in the shade of vegetation to nest, while other nests are in vegetation-free areas or an open and long stretch of sand with gently sloping ground and far distance to built-up and agricultural land.
5 illus, 5 tables, 19 ref
ZULKARNAIN, DJAMALUDIN O J
001139 ZULKARNAIN, DJAMALUDIN O J (Mulawarman Univ, Samarinda, East Kalimantan) : Empowerment based peatland ecosystem conservation for fire control and environmental conservation. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(1), 463-71.
Peat ecosystems are a hydrological buffer and carbon stock that is very important for the environment. This ecosystem must be protected through conservation so that its function can be maintained. Conservation of peatland ecosystems means that emissions of very large amounts of carbon can be minimized. Conservation of peat areas in several places is increasingly important because it tends to decrease peat lands. Peatland conservation in Indonesia is regulated in Presidential Decree No. 32 of 1990 concerning protected areas. Protection of peat areas is intended to control the hydrology of the area, which functions as a water store and prevents flooding, as well as protecting the unique ecosystems in the area concerned.Peatlands have hydrological, biogeochemical, biodiversity protection and forest product production functions. Peat is also useful for preventing drought, flooding and mixing saltwater for irrigation in agricultural areas. But the benefits are lost because the peatlands are burning. Therefore, peatlands must avoid fires through the empowerment-based ecosystem conservation.The community empowerment approach becomes a strategic choice because in its implementation process it has optimized community participation, trying to improve the community’s ability to analyse conditions and the potential and problems that occur around peatlands. The empowerment approach also can formulate priority program options that are relevant to program objectives including fire control and environmental preservation. Conservation of peat land ecosystems based on empowerment means carrying out a conservation process by involving the community for the purpose of aid effectiveness, increasing the potential of the community, and increasing community contributions towards a sense of ownership and a sense of responsibility towards the sustainability of the program. Fire disasters in some parts of Indonesia are still a serious threat, as well as peatland shrinkage. The current study seeks to find evidence and solutions through descriptive qualitative studies in the provinces of East Kalimantan, North Sumatra and Aceh. The results of the study confirm that conservation of peatland ecosystems based on empowerment is a strategic approach.
36 ref