ISA

047601 SHARMA N, SINDERPAL T (Physical Sciences Dep, Sant Baba Bhag Singh Univ , Jalandhar - 144 030 , Email: nishi.hpu@gmail.com) : Sterculia gum: Chemical structure, composition and physico - chemical properties. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 001 - 8.

Physico - chemical properties are crucial characteristics of hydrocolloids as they decide the applicability of them. Rheology of system, flow behaviour and mechanical properties make hydrocolloids suitable for food industry. Modification of consistency or texture properties of functional polymers also controls their sensory characteristics, thereby they become significant essences such as thickener, gelling agents, foaming agent, texture modifier, viscosifier, emulsifier, stabilizer and binder. Industrial and pharmaceutical applications are also controlled by some suitable physico - chemical properties of hydrocolloids. The polysaccharide gum exudates constitute a architecturally distinct class of complex biomacromolecules having unique physico - chemical properties. Due to their good bio/tissue compatibility, nontoxicity, they are extensively used in the field of tissue engineering, drug delivery and wound healing. Chemical and molecular architecture of hydrocolloids in turn controls their physico - chemical and functional properties. Sterculia gum is a substituted rhamnogalacturonoglycan (pectic) type exudate gum used as suspending agent, gelling agents, emulsifier, bulk laxative, dental adhesive, drug delivery agent and wound healing agent. It exhibits high water retention capacity, high viscosity and least solubility. Solutions of sterculia gum are viscoelastic and thixotropic. Sterculia gum has been recommended as effective wound dressing material as it can form a intensely adhesive gel when dispersed in minimum ammount of water. Owing to wide applications and distinctive properties of sterculia gum, present work is an endeavor to summarize the molecular organization, chemical configuration and physico - chemical properties of sterculia gum and the factors affecting physico - chemical properties of sterculia gum.

98 ref

Barrier height calculation of Ag/n - ZnO/p - Si/Al heterojunction diode

KUMAR R, JYOTSNA, KUMAR A

Temperature dependent dielectric relaxation studies of halopropane from 10 Mhz to 50 Ghz using a time domain reflectometry (TDR)

SHINDE R V, KUMBHARKHANE A C

Electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide based on nano ? - Fe2O3 modified glassy carbon electrode

SINGH B P, TYAGI S, GAUTAM Y K, MALIK A K, OLIVENCIA C A V

Photoluminescence study of Sr3Y1 - X(BO3)3:xTb3+ green emitting phosphor

HARGUNANI S P, PALASPAGAR R S, SONEKAR R P, OMANWAR S K

Elemental analysis on the new species of earthworm from Orissa

GHOSH S, SADHUKHA M, ROUT S, MALLICK B, HASAN M N, MANDAL C

Coupled plasmonic metallic nanowires to induce localization of surface plasmon polaritons

APARAJITA, KUMAR U

Propagation of surface plasmon waves along multi wall carbon nanotube with gold core

KUMAR J S, KUMAR A

001546 KUMAR J S, KUMAR A (Physics Dep, B.N. Mandal Univ, Singheshwar- 852128, Bihar, Email: jayphysics108@gmail.com) : Propagation of surface plasmon waves along multi wall carbon nanotube with gold core. Bull Pure Appl Sci Sec D 2021, 40D (2), 88-93.

We have studied the propagation of surface plasmon waves along multiwalled carbon nanotube with gold core. We have modeled the shells of multiwalled carbon nanotube as impedance sheets with axially directed surface conductivity incorporating inter shell coupling in an integral equation approach. We have found that in low frequency regime optical interband transitions did not occur and guided waves propagated with low attenuation in an multiwalled carbon nanotube which has metallic shells. In the same frequency range the axial polarizability of a finite length multiwalled carbon nanotube has a resonant behavior due the antenna length matching effect. The shells with surface conductivity due to interband transitions suppressed guided wave propagation. Surface Plasmon wave propagation in a multiwalled carbon nanotube with gold core showed that in the near infrared and visible regime the shells behaved as lossy dielectric materials and suppressed surface wave propagation along the gold core. The electromagnetic characteristics of carbon nanotube based antennas have been examined in different frequency regime ranging from the microwave to the visible regime. Carbon nanotube has been demonstrated to play a crucial role connected electrically to planner periodic structures of single wall carbon nanotubes, carbon nanotube bundles and carbon nanotube arrays. The inter shells interaction leaded to inter shell electron tunneling or hopping. Fermi momentum of two incommensurable shells do not coincide within the first Brillouin zone and the inter shell tunneling vanished. In the presence of localized defects inter shell conduction increased and defectfree shells were managed by neglecting intershell conduction. We have used microscopic model for multiwalled carbon nanotube and radiation characteristics were determined by its waveguiding properties, the dispersion equation for guided wave propagation on an infinitely long multiwall carbon nanotube. We have found that the guided wave has strong retardation and high attenuation so that the frequency of a geometric resonance is not connected to the free space wave length but to a shorter effective wavelength that depends on the material properties. The obtained results were compared with the previously obtained results and were found in good agreement.

29 ref

Mechanical resonator linearly coupled to a normal state single electron transistor and electron transport in mescoscopic conductor

AMAR A, APARAJITA, SINGH B K

001545 AMAR A, APARAJITA, SINGH B K (Physics Dep, Patna Univ, Patna- 800 001, Bihar, Email: nena.aparajitakishore@gmail.com) : Mechanical resonator linearly coupled to a normal state single electron transistor and electron transport in mescoscopic conductor. Bull Pure Appl Sci Sec D 2021, 40D (2), 83-7.

We have studied the coupling of normal state single electron transistor and electron transport in mesoscopic conductor. For this we have used a simple model system consisting of a mechanical resonator linearly coupled to a normal state single electron transistor to explore the nonlinear dynamics which arised in non electromechanical systems. We have found that very weak linear electromechanical coupling gave rise to a strongly nonlinear response when the resonator was driven close to resonance. In the weak coupling limit and in the absence of driving, the single electron transistor acts on the resonator like a thermal bath with an effective temperature proportional to the bias voltage; it also damps the mechanical motion and renormalized the frequency of the resonator. We have found that for drive a certain threshold, the mechanical response as a function of frequency becomes strongly nonlinear and the mechanical system displayed many of the characteristics of the Duffing oscillator, frequency pulling, a strongly asymmetric line shape, hystresis and bistability. The electromechanical coupling was found weak. We have described the effect of the single electron transistor on the resonator in terms of simple model which included damping and frequency renormalization terms which are both amplitude dependent. We have found that a calculation of the average mechanical response as a function of drive frequency using these two quantities leaded to results which were found in good agreement with a Monte Carlo simulation of the coupled dynamics. At large amplitudes the effect of the resonator on the single electron transistor charge dynamics can no longer be accounted for by a linear correction to the tunnel rates and the charge transport was strongly modified. The modified charge dynamics loaded to changes in the damping and frequency shift induced by the single electron transistor on the resonator leading in general to an amplitude dependence of these quantities. Such amplitude dependence is generic in non linear oscillators and leaded to the familiar phenomena of asymmetric frequency response hystresis and bistability. The obtained results were found in good agreement with previously obtained results.

25 ref

Electronic band structure and magnetic properties of naked zigzag graphene nano ribbons lying symmetrically

MISHRA A, KUMAR A

Quantum conductance of interacting quantum wire by current relaxing backscattering and unklapp processes

AMAR A, KUMAR N

001543 AMAR A, KUMAR N (Physics Dep, B.N. Mandal Univ, Singheshwar- 852 128, Bihar, Email: anupam9215@gmail.com) : Quantum conductance of interacting quantum wire by current relaxing backscattering and unklapp processes. Bull Pure Appl Sci Sec D 2021, 40D (2), 73-8.

We have studied the quantum conductance of interacting quantum wire by using current relaxing back scattering and Umklap process. We have derived a general formula for the conductance of interacting quantum wire with good contact and current relaxing processes in the wire. We have shown that for an interacting ballistic wire contacted to leads were generalized to an interacting wire with damping. We have calculated the resistance of an interacting quantum wire which has coexisting ballistic and diffusive channels. Such coexistence is expected for integrable modes where part of the current is protected by a local or quasilocal conservation law. We have found that in such a case the ballistic channel is small and completely dominates the transport so that the system shows ideal quantum conductance. Relevant back scattering at the contact were found and were neglected. We have calculated the resistance of single wall carbon nanotubes caused by a coupling to the phononic degrees of freedom of the tube. Three modes have been taken into account. We have found that there is damping of the phonons due to phonon-phonon interactions which modified the phonon propagator. Backscattering is created by impurities which are often relevant perturbations and completely suppress the conductance below a temperature scale. Irrelevant backscattering due to phonons dominated in clean samples. Taking the electrons in the carbon nanotubes as noninteracting it has been shown that acoustic phonon modes gave rise to resistivity that increases linearly with temperature. The conductance showed thermally activated behaviour. At every temperatures Umklapp scattering at half filling leaded to gaps both in the charge and in the spin sector and thus to thermally activated behaviour. In a device configuration the filling in the tube is usually tuned away from half filling so that the Umklapp term oscillates. In the calculation the electrons are treated as noninteracting. Calculation shows that one electron-electron interactions are included the interactions with phonon modes of the tube alone give resistivity of the right magnitude even at room temperature if standard parameters are used. The obtained results were found in good agreement with previously obtained results.

27 ref

Greener synthesis and characterization of cadmium-tellurium quantum dots using aqueous extract of waste orange peel

MAHALAKHSMI A, BASKAR G

Exploring p-channel TFET for optimum cavity-length window in detecting a wide variety of protein-molecules with the effect of their position dependent variability on sensitivity

GAYEN S, TEWARI S, CHATTOPADHYAY A

Sensitivity assessment of ringFET architecture for the detection of gas molecules: Numerical investigation

KUMARI V, SAXENA M, GUPTA M

Compressed signal classification using informed instance selection

RANI M, DHOK S B, DESHMUKH R B, KUMAR P

TCAD-Based assessment of dual-gate MISHEMT with sapphire, SiC, and silicon substrate

SINGH P, KUMARI V, SAXENA M, GUPTA M

Steganography in social networks based on behavioral correlation

HU Y, WANG Z, ZHANG X

A novel location privacy protection algorithm for social discovery application

YAO Y, ZHANG X, WU H, WANG Z, WANG J

Text steganalysis based on capsule network with dynamic routing

LI H, JIN S

Vector separability measurement based fast feature selection for detecting images information hiding

MA Y, XU J, ZHANG Y, LIU F, LUO X

001455 MA Y, XU J, ZHANG Y, LIU F, LUO X (Henan Normal Univ, Xinxiang- 453 007, People’s Republic of China) : Vector separability measurement based fast feature selection for detecting images information hiding. IETE Tech Rev 2021, 38(1), 56-71.

Images are adopted as information hiding carries in recent years, which has brought challenges to multimedia forensics and security. In order to improve the feature selection speed while maintaining the detection accuracy and reducing the feature dimension, this paper proposes a fast feature selection method for detecting stego image with hiding information. First, a feature component separability criterion is proposed based on the inter-distance and inner-distance difference to measure the separability of steganalysis feature components, providing a basis for constructing candidate feature components. Second, the high-dimensional steganalysis feature is extracted from the training set containing the cover images and corresponding stego images. Then the separability value of each feature component is measured based on the above criterion. And candidate feature vectors are constructed based on the separability values of feature components. Third, a feature vector separability measurement, providing a direct basis for the feature component selection to measure the contribution of the candidate feature vector to the classified image classification. The candidate feature vector with the largest value is chosen as the final selection feature. The dimension of the feature selected by this method is exceedingly smaller than the original feature dimension, so the time cost of the subsequent classification training can be significantly reduced. A series of experiments based on the Bossbase image database have shown that: compared with the recent steganalysis-α method and the FSSG method, the proposed method can significantly improve the feature selection speed while maintaining the detection accuracy and reducing the feature dimension.

6 illus, 4 tables, 18 ref

A SILK adaptive steganographic scheme based on minimizing distortion in pitch domain

REN Y, ZHONG S, TU W, YANG H, WANG L

High-capacity constructive steganography using optimal texture block synthesis

YU Z, LI F

Game-theoretic analysis to parameterized reversible watermarking

WU H, ZHANG X

Self-embedding watermarking algorithm under high tampering rates

ZHANG Z, YAO H, XIANG Z, CAO F

Analysis of photonic crystal diffraction grating based light trapping structure for gaas solar cell

GUPTA N D, JANYANI V

001448 GUPTA N D, JANYANI V (Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur- 440 010) : Analysis of photonic crystal diffraction grating based light trapping structure for gaas solar cell. IETE J Res 2021, 67(5), 714-25.

The paper presents a design and quantitative analysis for an efficient light-trapping structure (LTS) based on Photonic Crystals (PhC) to enhance the performance of thin-film GaAs solar cells. LTS consists of single planar Anti-Reflection coating (ARC) layer at the top assisted by 2D PhC diffraction grating and Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) having alternate dielectric layers at the back of the active layer. The structure has been optically analyzed for various absorption layer thicknesses and compared with Lambertian limits, and it has been shown that with optimization of the design carefully, significant enhancement in the cell efficiency will take place for the presented LTS, especially for the devices with very thin absorption layers (typically less than 1000 nm). Further, it is demonstrated that this efficiency enhancement is attributed to the improvement in photon absorption in the wavelength range for which active layer thickness itself is not sufficient for absorption. According to the simulation analysis, the proposed cell efficiency can be enhanced 3.5 times for a 100 nm cell with LTS, and this enhancement shrinks only to 1.5 times for 1500 nm cell. The analysis has shown that for thin cells, the contribution by the optimized LTS is the main reason behind efficiency enhancement whereas the contribution from ARC remains almost constant. The evaluation of the performance of the proposed structure concerning the angle of incident light and fabrication tolerances has also been done, indicating improved performance. The paper also presents the quantitative and comparative analysis of the proposed design with different compatible designs such as a cell having double layer ARC and a cell having pyramidal ARC with PhC as BR design. Their analysis also predicts that the LTS especially BR are more important for thinner active layer cells and the cell with a pyramidal ARC with PhC outperforms the other designs.

7 illus, 4 tables, 39 ref

Novel technology for lung tumor detection using nanoimage

RANI K V, JAWHAR S J

001447 RANI K V, JAWHAR S J (Information and Communication Engineering Dep, Anna Univ, Chennai) : Novel technology for lung tumor detection using nanoimage. IETE J Res 2021, 67(5), 699-713.

Nowadays, nanotechnology is gaining more advantages and widely used in many real-life applications including minute tumor detection and effective diagnosis. Nanoscale imaging technique significantly increases the precision, accuracy of tumor detection, and classification of tumor into benign and malignant. Computerized tomography (CT) scan is important for lung cancer diagnosis and research, because it gives accurate segmentation results in lung tumor. In the proposed NBDS method, nanotechnology based detection scheme is used to detect the lung tumors in nanoscale range. Pulmonary nodules are symptoms of lung cancer. The shape and size of these pulmonary nodules are used to diagnose lung cancer in CT images. In the early stages, nodules are very small, and radiologist has to refer to many CT images to diagnose the disease, causing operator mistakes. Image processing algorithms are used as an aid to detect and localize nodules. Here, the input nanoimage is enhanced by using the technique of unsharp masking with the anisotropic filter. By using toboggan algorithm, lung cancer images are segmented. Nano measuring tool for graphical user interface is developed in MATLAB software to detect the lung tumor area or lung lesion in the body (in nanometers). Image classification and feature extraction are done by K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and support vector machine (SVM) with Bag of Visual Words (BoVW) classifiers. The overall accuracy of 97% is obtained using GLCM and FOSfeatures in MATLAB software. The convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier gives the maximum accuracy of 98.19% in MATLAB 2017a software, and hence, this classifier does not need the feature extraction step. Furthermore, the average time consumption for one lesion segmentation was under 4 s using our proposed method. The self-assembled biocompatible nano technique is created to detect the tumor area (in nanometers), and it automatically evaluates the disease. This novel nanotechnology-based tumor area detection schemes achieve robust, efficient, and accurate lung lesion segmentation in nano CT images.

13 illus, 5 tables, 43 ref

Full-bridge LLC resonant high-voltage DC–DC converter with hybrid symmetrical voltage multiplier

SAMSUDIN N A, ISHAK D

Design and low-cost implementation of an electric wheelchair control

SANKARDOSS V, GEETHANJALI P

001444 SANKARDOSS V, GEETHANJALI P (VIT Univ, Tamil Nadu- 632 014) : Design and low-cost implementation of an electric wheelchair control. IETE J Res 2021, 67(5), 657-66.

This paper discusses the design and low-cost implementation of direction and speed controller for an electric wheelchair actuated using a permanent magnet direct current (PMDC) motor. Most of the works are performed either with the simulation of PMDC motor control with various techniques or studied the performance of a single type of controller in real-time with the wheelchair. In this work, the authors simulated the control of PMDC motor with three different controllers and tuned the parameters for real-time implementation of electric wheelchair control using PMDC motor. The authors attempted the simple solution using push button-based interface as well as a graphical user interface for the direction and speed control of electric wheelchair. The signal processing path of the controller, decode the user command input for the direction and desired speed. The controller generates necessary pulse width modulated signals to the H-bridge driver for directions forward, backward, left, and right direction as well as speed control of wheelchair. The user speed control commands low, slightly medium, medium, high, and very high speed are sensed to limit the speed of wheelchair. The performance capability of the intelligent neural network and fuzzy logic controller is studied and compared with proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller with variations in speed. The PID, neural network and fuzzy logic controller are designed using Matlab-Simulink for PMDC motor and controller parameters are tuned for driving the wheelchair in the real-time implementation using the ATmega 328P microcontroller. The fuzzy logic controller in the electric wheelchair demonstrated the improved performance with less peak overshoot and faster settling with less oscillation compared to PID and neural network controller.

13 illus, 3 tables, 33 ref

Design of flexible tactile array sensor

KATARIA D, SANCHEZ G, NAIDU J P, SRINIVASAN M A

Implementation of a distributed home automation scheme with custom hardware nodes using ZigBee and MQTT Protocols

RADHANAND A, KUMAR K N B, NAMBURU S, REDDY P S

Adaptive compressed spectrum sensing using neural networks in cognitive radio networks

KALYAN K, PRATHEEK K V D S N K S, RAJU P, VIVEK Y, NAMBURU S

Vibration testing of absolute pressure sensor for a flush air data system (FADS)

JAYAKUMAR M, MOHAN N S, VIDYA S B, FINITHA K C, SAMAD A K A, KRISHNA S, SIDHICK A, PRASAD M V N

Novel subthreshold modelling of advanced on-chip graphene interconnect using numerical method analysis

PATEL N R, AGRAWAL Y, PAREKH R

Total dose radiation response of capacitance characteristic for nano-scale NMOS

LIAO C, YANG Y, ZHU Z, HAO M

Polarization reconfigurable corner truncated square microstrip array antenna

ANANTHA B, MERUGU L, SOMASEKHAR RAO P V

Capacity improvement in low voltage relay aided plc based on decode and forward protocol over middleton class-A channel

KHYARI N, KHALFALLAH S, BAROUNI Y, BEN J, SLAMA H

Gelatin based on tilapia fish bones

RUDYARDJO D, SISWANTO

Assessment of ground water quality of Jagalur Taluk of Davangere District, Karnataka, India

MANOHARA B M, THIRUMALA S, KIRAN B R

The role of cosmic rays in the modulation of lower atmosphere temperature

Kumar P, Singh D P

Single electron transistors as position detectors for nano- electomechanical systems

Amar A, Singh B K

000904 Amar A, Singh B K (Physics Dep, Bhupendra Narayan Mandal Univ, Bihar, Email: anurathaamar654@gmail.com) : Single electron transistors as position detectors for nano- electomechanical systems. Bull Pure Appl Sci-Sect C 2021, 40D(1), 63-8.

We have studied the single electron transistors are extremely sensitive devices as position detectors for nanoelectromechanical systems. Suspended carbon nanotubes have observed a reduction of the mechanical resonance frequency of the fundamental bending at low bias voltages near the degenerate region. This effect is a precursor of the mechanical instability and thus of the current blockade. We have found that the consequence of a capacitive electromechanical coupling in a suspended single electron transistor when the supporting beam is brought close to the Euler buckling instability by a lateral compression force. The result is that the low bias current blockade originating from the coupling between the electronic degrees of freedom and the classical resonator enhanced by several orders of magnitude in the vicinity of the instability. These results are a direct consequence of the continuous nature of the Eular buckling instability and the associated critical slowing down of the fundamental bending mode of the beam at the instability. Our results frequently have close and instructive analogies with mean field theory of second order phase transitions. In order to increase energy, we can increase the electrostating coupling between the oscillator and the single electron transistor, since energy depends quadratically on electrostatic force and a large change in the gate voltage is found when electrons tunnel. In the way of reducing oscillator spring constant in a controlled manner is to operate a doubly clamped beam subject to a lateral compression force. Under the action of the lateral compression force the system exhibited a continuous transition from a flat to a blockade state, while the fundamental bending mode became softer as approached the mechanical instability. We have found that near the buckling instability the current blockade induced by the mechanical resonator is strongly enhanced, rendering this effect. The obtained results were found in good agreement with previously obtained results.

2 illus, 24 ref