047872   SONG J H, BAE S M, LEE E J, CHO J H, JUNG D I (Medical Biotechnology Dep, Dong - A Univ, Busan 604 - 714, South Korea, Email: dijung@dau.ac.kr, jhsong@dau.ac.kr, jhcho@dau.ac.kr) : Formation of benzodiazepines and pyrazinylquinoxalines from aromatic and heteroaromatic ketones via deoximation. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (7), 1676 - 80.

The report stated that the treatment of o - phenylenediamine with acetone dicarboxylic acid, acetone and acetophenone afforded 2,4,4 - trimethyl - 3H - 5 - hydro - 1,5 - benzodiazepine. However, direct reactions of o - phenylenediamine with oximes (acetone oxime, acetophenone oxime, and benzophenone oxime) as ketone equivalents did not occur. In the course of present investigations, it is found that dichloroamineT can be an efficient reagent for the conversion of oximes into the corresponding carbonyl compounds. As a part of a research program related to the synthetic study of pharmacologically interesting benzodiazepine compounds, herein the synthesis of 1H - 1,5 - benzodiazepine derivatives from heteroaromatic ketones and acetone equivalents obtained using dichloroamine - T. On the other hand, when diamine (1,2 - phenylene diamine or 1,2 - naphthalene diamine) with heterocyclic ketone (acetyl pyridine or acetyl pyrazines) in the presenece of conc. HCl and SiO2 was refluxed, quinoxaline derivatives as yellow crystalline solids were isolated in high yields.

3 illus, 5 tables, 16 ref

047871   RAMINA, SINGH R B, U - WANG O, SINGH T S, JAMIR T T (Canchipur - 795003, Manipur Univ, Canchipur - 795003, Email: bhubonsingh@gmail.com) : Synthesis, characterization and DNA binding studies of N,N? - bis(2 - Hydroxy - 5 - methylbenzylidene) - 2 - hydroxy - propane - 1,3 - diamine Copper(II) and Nickel(II) Complexes. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (7), 1667 - 75.

Two new Schiff base transition metal complexes [Cu(HL)]2.CH3CH2OH (1) and [Ni(HL)] (2) (L = N,N? - bis(2 - hydroxy - 5 - methylbenzylidene) - 2 - hydroxy - propane - 1,3 - diamine) were synthesized and characterized by different physico - chemical and spectroscopic techniques. Structure of complex 1 was determined by single crystal X - ray diffractometer. Both the complexes have distorted square planar geometry. The DNA binding study of two complexes was performed via electronic absorption, cyclic voltammetry, photoluminescence, and viscosity methods and found to be intercalative mode of binding.

13 illus, 3 tables, 55 ref

047870   FULORIA N K, KO M Y, RUI C S, HANG C Z, KARUPIAH S, PALIWAL N, KUMARI U, GUPTA K, SATHASIVAM K, FULORIA S (AIMST Univ, Kedah 08100, Malaysia, Email: shivani2jaju@gmail.com) : Green synthesis and evaluation of dimocarpus longan leaves extract based chitosan nanoparticles against periodontitis triggering Bacteria. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (7), 1660 - 6.

Present study was intended to synthesize and evaluate the Dimocarpus longan leaves aqueous extract (DLLAE) based chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) against periodontitis triggering bacteria. In present study the DLLAE was prepared by extracting D. Longan leaves in distilled water using decoction method. The prepared DLLAE was subjected to phytochemical investigations, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content study and CSNPs synthesis. The CSNPs were characterized (using UV - visible, FT - IR, SEM, FESEM, XRD and EDX) and evaluated for their potential against periodontitis triggering bacteria (using agar well diffusion method). The phytochemical investigations over DLLAE exhibited presence of monosaccharides, reducing sugars, proteins, steroids, anthraquinones and coumarins glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids, organic acid, tannic and phenolic compounds. The CSNPs were formed using DLLAE when the colour changed from white to pale brown. Absorbance of the CSNPs was in the desired range (201 - 310 nm). The optimization study revealed 1% acetic acid, 1% sodium alginate, 2 mg/mL chitosan, pH 5.8 and 1 mL DLLAE as the standard requirement for CSNPs synthesis using DLLAE. The CSNPs characterization data of FT - IR exhibited shifted bands. The FESEM revealed that the synthesized CSNPs were spherical in shape and their size ranged from 74.66 to 94.07 nm. The XRD data showed peaks at 2? values of 22.28?, 25.19?, 34.72?, 40.0?, 71.16? and 73.0?. The average size for CSNPs was between 30.11 - 62.98 nm. The EDX spectrum revealed signal for carbon (76.17%), oxygen (22.14%) and sodium (1.53%) which confirmed formation of CSNPs. The antibacterial activity revealed high inhibitory potential of green CSNPs against S. aureus. Present studies establish that CSNPs biosynthesis using D. longan leaves aqueous extract is an efficient method and the biosynthesized CSNPs possess high antibacterial potential against S. aureus (bacteria that triggers periodontitis).

10 illus, 2 tables, 24 ref

047869   ROUT S S, KAR D M, SI S C, PATNAIK A K, MOHANTY P (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dep, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan, Bhubaneswar751030, Email: sudhanshurout@soa.ac.in) : Reaction of carbidopa with cis - [Cr(C2O4)2(H2O)2] ? in aqueous medium: A kinetic, mechanistic and antiparkinsonian study of the product complex. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (7), 1653 - 9.

For the treatment of Parkinson?s disease, the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, requires a combination of levodopa with a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor, such as carbidopa which provides a symptomatic relief to patients. Reaction of carbidopa with cis - [Cr(C2O4)2(H2O)2] ? has been carried out in aqueous medium over the range 35 ? t ? 50 ?C, 4.0 ? pH ? 6.0 , 3.75 ? 10 - 3 mol dm - 3 ? [carbidopa] ? 9.38 ? 10 - 3 mol dm - 3, I (KNO3) = 0.1 mol dm - 3. There is outersphere association between cis - [Cr(C2O4)2(H2O)2] ? and conjugate base of carbidopa followed by first chelation. The characterization of the product was performed by using NMR and infrared spectroscopies. The product showed better antiparkinsonian activity than the combination of levodopa and carbidopa.

6 illus, 3 tables, 44 ref

047868   TOAN T Q, INH C T, BICH H T, LONG P Q, NGAN T T K, HA P T H (Biotechnology Dep, Nguyen Tat Thanh Univ, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Email: tranquoctoan2010@gmail.com, pthha@ntt.edu.vn) : Chemical composition analysis and evaluation of antibacterial activities of essential oil from clove (Syzygium aromaticum) Buds. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (7), 1649 - 52.

Essential oils from Syzygium aromaticum (Myrtaceae) were extracted through hydrodistillation method, which applied in different fields such as relieve pain, promote healing, and aromatherapy industry. In this study, essential oil of clove buds was obtained using hydrodistillation method and evaluated for chemical compositions and physico - chemical characteristics. The averaged physico - chemical parameters were determined as specific gravity (1.0203 g/cm3 ), acid index (21.984), ester index (34.92). Moreover, the hydrodistillation process performance achieved by 6.85%. The composition of essential oils was analyzed by GC - MS, revealing a total of 15 volatile constituents existing in the Syzygium aromaticum oil. The major components were eugenol (76.542%), caryophyllene (4.319%), ? - caryophyllene (0.456%), aceteugenol (18.11%), caryophyllene oxide (0.192%), 4,4 - dimethyl tetracyclo[6.3.2.0.(1,8)]tridecan - 9 - ol (0.12%). Syzygium aromaticum essential oil in this study was found to inhibit five bacteria strains including Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The highest antimicrobial activity of clove essential oil was found for Bacillus cereus strain (14 mm).

1 illus, 3 tables, 31 ref

047867   PATIL P S, KULKARNI A N, KHAIRNAR S D, RAGHUWANSHI M G ( Chemistry Dep, N.T.V.S's G.T. Patil Arts, Commerce & Science Coll, Nandurbar - 425412, Email: prafulpatil78@gmail.com) : Synthesis of spin coated tungsten oxide for photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine - B Dye. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (7), 1642 - 8.

Optical properties including band gap of many wide band gap semiconductor oxides like TiO2, ZnO and SnO2 has limitations over their bare use in photocatalytic applications. Thus, in view of above, tungsten oxide (WO3), an intermediate band gap metal oxide has been selected to explore for photocatalytic degradation application. Present work deals with the preparation of WO3 using a simple chemical solution based spin coating method. The prepared sample has been characterized for structural, morphological and photocatalytic properties. Degradation experiment of dye was carried out systematically at the optimized conditions of pH 4 and contact time (120 min) between dye and catalyst. For optimized conditions, WO3 showed about 75% of degradation of rhodamine - B. This suggests that a huge scope to optimize preparative parameters for WO3 to explore it as an alternative to conventional metal oxides.

7 illus, 1 table, 45 ref

047866   BROWN J W, GEETHA D, RAMESH P S, PODILI S ( Chemistry Dep, Annamalai Univ, Chidambaram - 608002, Email: geeramphyau@gmail.com) : Hydrothermal synthesis and electrochemical characterization of hexagonal Zr - CuS Nanocomposite and its charge storage capacity. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (7), 1635 - 41.

Hexagonal zirconia doped CuS nanaocomposites were successfully synthesized through a simple mild hydrothermal synthesis. The higher dopent concentration of zirconia produces increased mesoporous homogeneous nanostructures. The structure and nature of the resulting product (Zr - CuS) were characterized by XRD, XPS, SEM/EDS and TEM techniques. The results show that zirconia is homogeneously dispersed on CuS and well separated from one another. Electrochemical studies show that the final product (Zr - CuS) possesses high specific surface area. An increase in zirconia concentration might increase the mesopore volume and a widening of microporosity. Zirconia doped CuS composite exhibits high electrochemical performance with a high capacitance of 949.47 F g - 1. The presence of zirconia in CuS improves the capacitive behaviour of samples. Therefore, Zr - CuS could be promising nanocomposite for energy storage device.

7 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

047865   LE V T T, THAO L P P, MINH P T H, BICH H T, LAM D T, THUY D T T, QUAN P M, LONG P Q, HUNG D V, TOAN T Q @All (Nguyen Tat Thanh Univ, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Email: tranquoctoan2010@gmail.com, pthha@ntt.edu.vn) : Essential oil profile of vietnamese callicarpa candicans (Burm. f.) Hochr. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (7), 1630 - 4.

In this study, the essential oil profile of Callicarpa candicans (Burm. f.) Hochr was presented. Samples were collected from Vietnam and the oils were extracted from fresh leaves and dry leaves by hydrodistillation method. GC - MS data and retention indices were used to identify the chemical composition. The essential oil performance achieved 0.263% for fresh leaves and 1.503% for dry leaves. A total of 47 components were identified from fresh leaves oil and 39 constituents from dry leaves oil. Chemical compositions of the two essential oils were similar, with the major components being ? - gurjunene, ? - cadinene, ? - caryophyllene (? - caryophyllene) and ? - selinene.

1 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

047863   RATHINABALA R, SELVI R T ( Chemistry Dep, Government Arts Coll, Coimbatore - 641018, Email: thamizslv@yahoo.co.in) : Structural, optical, photoluminescence studies onto the incorporation of copper in tin oxide nanostructure and evaluation of their antimicrobial property. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (7), 1617 - 22.

Biosynthesis of undoped and copper doped tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles were carried out using Canna indica leaf extracts as reducing agents. The as - synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using the powder X - ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV - visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). Antimicrobial behaviour of the synthesized nanoparticles was examined. The XRD studies revealed that the rutile structure for both undoped and copper doped SnO2 nanoparticles, with the absence of secondary phases. The SEM micrographs clearly showed the formation of well - defined spherical particles with no impure phases. The optical absorption studies explained that the variation of band gap with particle size. The photoluminescent spectra showed an emission peaks at 390, 520 and 790 nm, which are ascribed to the structural defects due to the oxygen vacancy. The antibacterial investigation suggested a better antibacterial activity for Staphylococcus aureus against Escherialia coli bacterial strains.

7 illus, 30 ref

047862   RAGASA C Y, MANDIA E H, TAN M C S, OYONG G G, MADRAZO C F, UBANDO A T, CULABA A B, SHEN C ( Chemistry Dep, De La Salle Univ Science & Technology Complex, Philippines, Email: consolacion.ragasa@dlsu.edu.ph) : Sterols and other metabolites from freshwater microalga chlorococcum infusionum (schrank) meneghini. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (7), 1614 - 6.

Chemical investigation of the dichloromethane extract of Chlorococcum infusionum afforded a mixture of chondrillasterol (1) and 22 - dihydrochondrillasterol (2) in a 3:1 ratio as the major sterols, and lutein (3), triacylglycerols (4), fatty acids (5) and hydrocarbons (6) as the minor compounds. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were elucidated by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, while compounds 3 - 6 were identified by comparison of their NMR data.

1 illus, 19 ref

047861   VAGISH C B, KUMARA K, LOKANATH N K, KUMAR K A, CHANDRASHERKAR P G ( Chemistry Dep, Yuvaraja?s Coll, Mysuru - 570005, Email: pgc2031@gmail.com) : Synthesis, characterization, crystallographic studies of 5 - Acetyl - 8 - hydroxyquinoline and their chalcone derivatives. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (7), 1609 - 13.

An efficient, easy and one pot synthesis for the Friedel - Craft acetylation reaction of quinolines was developed. The reaction between 8 - hydroxyquinoline and acetyl/benzoyl chloride in nitrobenzene immediately flocculates as yellow precipitate. On further addition of Lewis acid causes the Friedel - Craft acetylation leads to formation of acetylated quionlines in good yields. The structure of compound 5 - acetyl - 8 - hydroxyquinoline (3) was confirmed by single crystal X - ray diffraction studies. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system with the space group P21/c. The synthesized acetylated quionlines undergoes condensation reaction with aromatic aldehydes leads to 8 - hydroxyquinoline chalcones derivatives. The products were characterized by spectral studies, elemental analysis and single crystal X - ray diffraction studies.

2 illus, 5 tables, 20 ref

047859   KAUR N, AGNIHOTRI N, BERAR U ( Chemistry Dep, Maharishi Markandeshwar , Ambala - 133207, Email: nivagni11@gmail.com, niveditachem@mmumullana.org) : Microdetermination of Palladium(II) using 6 - Chloro - 3 - hydroxy - 7 - methyl - 2 - (2? - thienyl) - 4 - oxo - 4H - 1 - benzopyran. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (7), 1597 - 1602.

A simple, rapid, sensitive and selective extractive spectrophotometric method is developed for the trace determination of palladium(II) from NaHCO3 medium using 6 - chloro - 3 - hydroxy - 7 - methyl - 2 - (2? - thienyl) - 4 - oxo - 4H - 1 - benzopyran (CHMTB) as a colouring agent. The proposed metal complex can be quantitatively extracted into ethyl acetate and absorbs maximum in the wavelength range 415 - 426 nm. The 1:1 yellow complex obeys linearity over the Pd(II) concentration range of 0 - 2.6 ?g mL - 1; the correlation coefficient being 0.9998. The molar annihilation coefficient and Sandell?s sensitivity when applying spectrophotometric determination at 420 nm, were 6.173 ? 104 L mol - 1 cm - 1 and 0.0017 ?g Pd(II) cm - 2, respectively. The proposed method is free from the interference of Os(VIII), Cr(VI), Mo(VI), V(V), Nb(V), Ce(IV), Se(IV), Zr(IV), Pt(IV), Ru(III), Ir(III) and Fe(III) . The method was effectively applied to the determination of Pd(II) in various samples including palladium charcoal catalyst and water.

5 illus, 7 tables, 31 ref

047858   ACHARJEE N, GHOSH T ( Chemistry Dep, Durgapur Government Coll, Durgapur - 713214, Email: tuhinghoshbuchem@gmail.com) : Structure analysis of sulfated polysaccharides extracted from scinaia interrupta: A experimental and density functional theory studies. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (7), 1589 - 96.

In present report, a combined experimental and theoretical study has been performed to address the isolation procedure and spectroscopic structure elucidation of polysaccharides such as xylomannan isolated from marine red algal source Scinaia interrupta. The structure of the polysaccharides obtained from the red algae of Scinaia interrupta has been studied from NMR, IR and GC - MS spectroscopy. The investigation revealed that red algae contained a backbone of ? - (1?4) - linked D - mannopyranosyl residues substituted at 6 - position with a single stub of ? - D - xylopyranosyl residues. The major polysaccharide, which had 0.6 sulfate groups per monomer unit and an apparent molecular mass of 120 KDa. The backbone structure was optimized at DFT/B3LYP/6 - 311G(d,p) level of theory and GIAO - NMR studies were performed at B3LYP/6 - 311++G(2d,p) level of theory followed by mean absolute error calculations of the computed chemical shifts for two possible conformers resulting from the flipping of xylopyranosyl residue. The NMR calculations were in agreement with the experimental findings. The experimental 1 H NMR chemical shifts were then correlated with the NBO, Merz Kollman (MK), ChelpG and Mulliken charges of the predicted conformer. A reasonable correlation with the experimental 1 H NMR chemical shifts and the computed NBO charges with correlation coefficient of 0.906.

9 illus, 4 tables, 44 ref

047857   BEZBARUAH M J, AHMED B, ALI I, UPADHYAYA M, BEZBARUAH B (Applied Sciences Dep, Gauhati Univ, Guwahati - 781014, Email: bipulbezbaruah@gmail.com) : Hydrogen bonding interaction and structural change in some aliphatic alcohol - water complexes: A quantum mechanical MP4 Study. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (7), 1581 - 8.

Hydrogen bonding interaction in low molecular weight alcohols or lower alcohol (viz. methanol and ethanol) with water molecule is quite common. But, due to the presence of bulky groups in higher alcohols (viz. propanol, butanol and pentanol and their isomers) the hydrogen bonding interaction between alcohol and water molecule is significantly different. In alcohol - water heterodimer complexes, water plays an important role in the stability of such system, alcohol will be interacting with water molecule either as proton donor or proton acceptor mode. Quantum mechanical method, fourth degree M?ller - Plesset (MP4) perturbation theory is an important tool for computing the interaction energy between the alcohol - water complexes. The interaction energy (IE) and natural bond orbital (NBO) calculations for some common aliphatic alcohol - water complexes (e.g. methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and pentanol) and their isomers were computed by using MP4 method.

5 illus, 5 tables, 30 ref

047856   NURYANTO R, TRISUNARYANTI W, TRIYONO ( Chemistry Dep, Gadjah Mada Univ, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Email: nuryantorahmad@live.undip.ac.id, wegats@ugm.ac.id ) : Variation of gelatin amount as template for mesoporous silica - alumina synthesis based on lapindo mud. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (7), 1576 - 80.

The synthesis of mesoporous silica - alumina from Na2SiO3 and NaAlO2 solutions extracted from lapindo mud using mesoporous gelatin templates from catfish bone extract has been performed. Mesoporous silica - alumina (MSA) synthesis was carried out by sol - gel method with a gelatin template of catfish bone for as much as 0.0; 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5 g, which produced MSA - G00, MSA - G05, MSA - G10 and MSA - G15, respectively. The obtained MSA was analyzed using FTIR, XRD, TEM and surface area analyzer (BET and BJH methods). The MSA - G00, MSA - G05, MSA - G10 and MSA - G15 showed a specific surface areas of 24.58, 41.73, 59.73, 89.82 m2 /g and pore diameters of 10.20, 3.86, 9.97, and 7.31 nm, respectively. The XRD results proved that all the MSA were amorphous while the TEM analysis showed that all prepared MSAs using gelatin as a template were wormhole - like pores.

5 illus, 2 tables, 36 ref

047855   RAO K V S K, NADH R V, RATNAM K V ( Chemistry Dep, GITAM Univ, Bengaluru - 562163, Email: doctornadh@yahoo.co.in) : Substrate Inhibition in Ruthenium(III) catalyzed oxidation of propane - 1,3 - diol by periodate in acidic medium: A kinetic study. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (7), 1569 - 75.

Ruthenium(III) catalyzed oxidation of propane - 1,3 - diol by potassium periodate was studied in aqueous perchloric acid medium. Orders of reaction with respect to concentrations of oxidant, substrate, acid and catalyst were determined. First order in oxidant and catalyst concentrations, and inverse fractional order in acid medium were observed. In addition, substrate inhibition (i.e. a decrease in reaction rate with an increase in substrate concentration) was observed. Effect of addition of salt and solvent was studied. Based on the studies of temperature variation, Arrhenius parameters were calculated. Plausible mechanism was also proposed based on observed kinetics.

6 illus, 2 tables, 60 ref

047854   AL - QAHTANI S D ( Chemistry Dep, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman Univ, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia , Email: sdalohtany@pnu.edu.sa) : Solution and solid state study of nickel(II) ternary complexes containing 5 - aminolevulinic acid drug and amino acids. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (7), 1563 - 8.

Solution equilibria of the systems Ni(II) - 5 - aminolevulinic acid as ligand (A) and the amino acids [alanine (Ala), valine (Val), methylamine (Met), imidazole (Imi), Histidine (His), serine (Ser), cysteine (Cys) and penicillamine (Pen)] as ligands (L) have been studied pHmetrically. The stability constants of mixed ligand complexes were calculated with I = 0.10 mol L - 1 KNO3 using HYPERQUAD program at 25 ? 0.1 ?C. The log10 X values showed a higher stabilities for the mixed ligand complexes compared to the binary analogues. The synthesis and characterization of the new amino acid mononuclear Ni(II) binary complex [NiA] (1) and ternary complex [NiAL] (2) were achieved via molar conductance, elemental analysis UV - vis, IR, 1 H NMR, thermal analysis and magnetic moment. The thermogravimetric analysis of complexes were investigated by TG - DTA suggests that the complexes possess high thermal stability formation and their respective nickel oxide for 1 and nickel sulfide for 2 as final chemical entities, which are thermally stable. The nickel(II) chelates were found to be non - electrolytes, diamagnetic moments and the geometry around Ni(II) ion in complexes 1 and 2 is square planar.

3 illus, 1 table, 33 ref

047853   MURALI S, RAJENDRAN A J ( Chemistry Dep, Loyola Coll, Chennai - 600034, Email: sandhya_jn@hotmail.com) : Electrochemical behaviour of graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide and zinc oxide graphene oxide composite material towards fabrication of dye sensitized solar Cell. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (7), 1557 - 62.

Graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and zinc oxide incorporated graphene oxide (ZnO - GO) nanoparticles were synthesized by wet - chemical technique. The ZnO - GO nanocomposite was synthesized from prepared graphene oxide. UV - visible and FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of oxygen functionalities on graphene oxide which was reduced to rGO on treatment with the reducing agent. The XRD patterns revealed the formation of graphene oxide with a characteristic peak at 10.6? which shifted to 24? during the formation of rGO. The crystallite size of all the synthesized material was calculated using Scherrer?s formula. The morphological behaviour of all materials was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The electrochemical impedance data and Tafel plots suggested that the composite material has low charge transfer resistance (Rct) and hence could act as a conducting material. The photoelectric conversion values, ? for GO, rGO and ZnO - GO were calculated as 2.5, 5.7 and 7.5%, respectively and these values signify that the zinc oxide incorporated graphene oxide material has unique properties of electron transport.

8 illus, 4 tables, 31 ref

047852   ALOMARI A A ( Chemistry Dep, Albaha Univ, Albaha, Saudi Arabia, Email: abomaz1389@yahoo.com) : Effect of modified eggshell on adsorption capacity of chromium(VI) from aqueous solution. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (7), 1549 - 56.

The aim of this work is to investigate the use of eggshell for adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution and the effect of thermal treatment as well as coating with Fe2O3 of eggshell on the extraction percent of Cr(VI). The XRD, FTIR and SEM techniques proved that the eggshell mainly composed of calcite rhombohedral structure in addition to a trace of quartz silica residual protein fibers. Heating at 550 ?C does not decompose eggshell but decomposes the residual protein. The effect of pH, weight of eggshell adsorbent, contact time, and initial concentration of Cr(VI) ions on the adsorption of Cr(VI) on eggshell sorbents were determined under static conditions by the batch equilibrium technique. The sorption kinetic as well as mechanistic isotherm parameters of Cr(VI) on the eggshell sorbent, were analyzed. It was concluded that the adsorption of Cr(VI) on eggshell increases as pH increases in the range 3 - 7, then, with decreases at higher pH. The extraction percent of Cr(VI) increases with an increase in the dosage of eggshell sorbents. The optimum dosage of eggshell adsorbents was found to be 5 g after which the extraction percent of Cr(VI) did not marked increase. The extraction percent of Cr(VI) by eggshell sorbents rapidly increases within 60 min followed by a slower extraction after that when maximum adsorption was reported. The adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) ions is slightly reduced in case of heated eggshell due to the change that occurs in the pore size distribution and structure of eggshell during heating. Hence, the thermal treatment and coating with Fe2O3 do not affect the chemical structure of eggshell sorbents. The adsorption kinetics data were best fitted with the pseudo - second - order equation and the adsorption isotherms were best fitted with the Langmuir isotherm model.

8 illus, 2 tables, 65 ref

047850   SAMANNAN B, SELVAM J, THAVASIKANI J ( Chemistry Dep, Sacred Heart Coll, Tirupattur - 635601, Email: jayabalandr@gmail.com) : Synthesis, characterization and anti - cancer studies of curcumin diketimines - heteropolyacid composites. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (7), 1534 - 42.

A novel composite of curcumin diketimine (CDK) - heteropolyacid (where HPA = vanadium doped Keggin anion and CDK = curcuminbenzoguanamine) had been synthesized. The hybrid composites were investigated by analytical methods such as elemental analysis, FTIR, 13C NMR, SEM, EDS, XRD, DSC - TGA, ESR spectral studies and biological activities. Encapsulated hybrid composite also studied (in vitro) against MCF - 7 cancer cell lines. ESR results showed that the presence of (V4+) ion nitrogen ligation in the composite. 13C NMR of CDK ligand value of 183.37 and 55.06 ppm corresponds to (2=N) and (O - CH3) may be due to the composites. The morphology of molybdovanadate (HPA) showed a structure of self - assembled round shape of a diameter around 1 ?m.

15 illus, 5 tables, 26 ref

047849   DATTA A, HOSSAIN A, GUIN P S, ROY S ( Chemistry Dep, Shibpur Dinobundhoo Institution, Howrah - 711102, Email: sanjayroyp@gmail.com ) : Solubility data of glycine in water and justification of literature results. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (7), 1525 - 33.

Glycine has been studied more than other amino acids. However, there are still insufficient reviews in the field related to glycine solubility data which is why in the present review authors have collected many solubility data of glycine in pure water and in the presence of inorganic and organic electrolytes from previous articles. In the current review, authors have considered 145 results reported in 45 published articles. On the origin of the reported results on the solubility, a very easy linear model was applied to get a better fit for accurate solubility measurement. By analyzing the results authors expressed the solubility of glycine as a linear function of temperature with a change of solubility of 0.0866 mol kg - 1/K. The results were applied for the statistical analysis to estimate an accurate value of solubility which was found as 3.318 mol kg - 1 at 298.15 K.

4 illus, 6 tables, 24 ref

047848   SHINDE A H, PATIL C J ( Chemistry Dep, Smt. G.G. Khadse Coll, Muktainagar - 425306, Email: drcjpatil@yahoo.com) : Synthesis and characterization of azo schiff bases and their ? - Lactam Derivatives. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (6), 1520 - 4.

Azo salicylaldehyde (I5) was synthesized by reaction of 5 - bromo - salicylaldehyde with diazonium salt of 4 - nitroaniline by diazotization method. Thus, synthesized azoaldehyde was treated with variable 2 - aminobenzothiazoles (I6a - f) to synthesize the Schiff bases (I7a - f). The ? - lactam derivatives (I8a - f) were also synthesized. All the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by TLC, UV - visible and FT - IR techniques.

4 illus, 22 ref

047847   KUMAR S G P, KOTTAM N, KRISHNA R H, PRABHA M N C, PREETHAM R, BEHARA S, THOMAS T ( Chemistry Dep, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore - 560054, Email: rhk.chem@msrit.edu ) : Influence of nitridation on structural and photoluminescence behaviour of CaZrO3:Eu3+ Nanophosphors. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (6), 1515 - 9.

Ca1 - xZrO3:xEu3+ (x = 0.05) phosphors have been prepared by using the low temperature solution combustion synthesis. The prepared nano phospors are well characterized by powder X - ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron spectroscopy. PXRD results showed orthorhombic phase and SEM images showed porous agglomerated morphology. Influence of nitridation on structural and photoluminescence properties of the phosphor were investigated for wide range of nitridation time. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity was found to vary with nitridation with small shift in the photoluminescence emission peaks. The probable reasons for the variation of photoluminescence with nitridation are discussed.

5 illus, 21 ref

047846   NIZAMOV I S, SALIKHOV R Z, NIZAMOV I D, NIKITIN Y N, SERGEENKO G G, DAVLETSHIN R R, SHULAEVA M P, POZDEEV O K, BATYEVA E S, CHERKASOV R A (Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Federal Research Center, Kazan, Russia, Email: isnizamov@mail.ru) : Synthesis of chiral melatonin salts of dithiophosphoric acids using monoterpenyl alcohol. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (6), 1511 - 4.

Dithiophosphoric acids in the terms of (S) - (?) - menthol, (1S) - endo - (?) - borneol,(1R) - endo - (+) - fenchyl alcohol and (1S,2S,3S,5R) - (+) - isopinocampheol react with melatonin to form chiral N - acetyl 5 - methoxytryptammonium dithiophosphates. The interations proceed via increase in the coordination of indole nitrogen of melatonin. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of N - acetyl 5 - methoxytryptammonium dithiophosphate containing (+) - fenchyl substituent was established.

4 tables, 16 ref

047845   HUSAIN A, SHARIQ M U, AHMAD A ( Chemistry Dep, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh - 202002, Email: murooj17@gmail.com) : An efficient and novel ammonia sensor based on polypyrrole/Tin Oxide/MWCNT Nanocomposite. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (6), 1505 - 10.

In present study, the synthesis and characterization of a novel polypyrrole (PPy)/tin oxide (SnO2)/MWCNT nanocomposite along with pristine polypyrrole is reported. These materials have been studied for their structural and morphological properties by FT - IR spectroscopy, X - ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. PPy/SnO2/ MWCNT nanocomposite has been converted into a pellet - shaped sensor, and its ammonia sensing studies were carried out by calculating the variation in the DC electrical conductivity at different concentration of ammonia ranging from 10 to 1500 ppm. The sensing response of the sensor was determined at 1500, 1000, 500, 200, 100 and 10 ppm and found to be 70.4, 66.1, 62.2, 55.4, 50.8 and 39.7%, respectively The sensor showed a complete reversibility at lower concentrations along with excellent selectivity and stability. Finally, a sensing mechanism was also proposed involving polarons (charge carriers) of polypyrrole and lone pairs of ammonia molecules.

10 illus, 19 ref

047844   FULORIA S , HONG O J, KIM C B, TING B Y S, KARUPIAH S, PALIWAL N, KUMARI U, SATHASIVAM K, VETRISELVAN S, FULORIA N K (AIMST Univ, Kedah 08100, Malaysia, Email: nfuloria@gmail.com) : Synthesis of silver nanoparticles of corn silk agrowaste and their bioactivities. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (6), 1497 - 1504.

Present study was intended to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using corn silk aqueous extract (CSAE) and evaluate for antimicrobial and antiurolithiatic potential. The aqueous decoction of corn silk offered light yellow CSAE. Treatment of AgNO3 with CSAE offered AgNPs with absorbance 430 nm. Optimization study established 5 mM silver nitrate, 2.5:7.5 extract to AgNO3 ratio, pH 8, and 24 h time as parametric requirement for synthesis of AgNPs using CSAE. Stability study supported the AgNPs stability based on retention of SPR signal between 428 to 450 nm. The synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed on broad and shifted FTIR bands; XRD signals at 2? values of 32.27?, 40.72?, 46.20?, 65.69?, 69.31? and 76.49? indexed to 111, 200, 220 and 311 planes, respectively; particle size range from 22.05 - 36.69 nm in FESEM; and elemental silver content of 62.17% as per EDX spectrum. The synthesized AgNPs exhibited high antibacterial and antiurolithiatic potential. Present study recommends that synthesis of AgNPs using CSAE is a facile and eco - friendly method.

13 illus, 1 table, 32 ref

047843   ALZAHRANI F M, YEATES S G, WEBB M, ALGHAMDI H A ( Chemistry Dep, Princess Nourah bint Abdul Rahman Univ, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Email: FMalzahrani@pnu.edu.sa) : Antibacterial activity of tannic acid and tannic acid/amphiphilic cationic polymer mixtures. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (6), 1491 - 6.

In this study, the antibacterial activity of tannic acid/amphiphilic cationic polymer (poly{2 - [(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethyl - ammonium chloride}, PMADQUAT) and tannic acid mixtures was examined on the strains of Gram - positive (S. aureus) and Gram - negative (E. coli CI2, E. coli K12, Klebsiella pneumonia and P. aeruginosa) bacteria. Tannic acid exhibited the antibacterial activity against all the studied bacterial strains. The ester linkage between glucose and gallic acid is vital for the antimicrobial activity of tannic acid. Tannic acid inhibited the growth of S. aureus and E. coli K12 (1 wt%) and reduced the growth of P. aeruginosa to 23%. Mixing cationic polymers having different structures (statistical copolymer, homopolymer and diblock polymer) with tannic acid lead to an increase in antibacterial activity of tannic acid and the stability and clarity of mixtures was higher than that of a pure tannic acid solution. Tannic acid/diblock polymer and tannic acid/homopolymer mixtures (0.1 wt%) were excellent for inhibiting the growth of planktonic E. coli K12 bacteria, and a low concentration (0.0001 wt%) of tannic acid/diblock polymer reduced its growth to 19%. By contrast, the tannic acid/statistical polymer mixture (0.0001 wt%) was excellent for inhibiting the growth of Gram - positive S. aureus bacteria.

9 illus, 4 tables, 31 ref

047842   MATHEW M, CHINNAMANAYAKAR R, RAMANATHAN E M (Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore - 641021, Email: m.r.ezhilarasi@gmail.com) : Synthesis, characterization, in vitro antimicrobial evaluation and in silico molecular docking and ADME prediction of 4 - chlorophenyl furfuran derivatives bearing pyrazole moieties. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (6), 1482 - 90.

A series of 1 - (5 - (5 - (4 - chlorophenyl)furan - 2 - yl) - 4,5 - dihyropyrazol - 1 - yl ethanone (5a - h) was synthesized through E - (3 - (5 - (4 - chlorophenyl)furan - 2 - yl) - 1 - phenylprop - 2 - en - 1 - one (3a - h) with hydrazine monohydrate and sodium acetate. Totally, eight compounds were synthesized and their structures were elucidated by infrared, 1 H & 13C NMR, elemental analysis, antimicrobial studies, in silico molecular docking studies and also in silico ADME prediction. Antimicrobial studies of the synthesized compounds showed good to moderate activity against the all the stains compared with standard drugs. in silico Molecular docking study was carried out using bacterial protein and BC protein. Synthesized compounds (5a - h) showed good docking score compared with ciprofloxacin. Antimicrobial study was carried out for 4 - chlorophenyl furfuran pyrazole derivatives (5a - h). The results of assessment of toxicities, drug likeness and drug score profiles of compounds (5a - j) are promising.

2 illus, 8 tables, 46 ref

047841   DEV R K, BHATTARAI A , CHAUDHARY N K, MISHRA P ( Chemistry Dep, Tribhuvan Univ, Biratnagar, Nepal , Email: bkajaya@yahoo.com) : Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and antibacterial assessment of zirconium(II) and Palladium(II) complexes of tetracycline - salicylaldehyde mixed ligand. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (6), 1473 - 81.

Zirconium(II) and palladium(II) mixed ligand metal complexes were synthesized by using an equimolar mixture of tetracycline (Tc) as primary ligand and salicylaldehyde as secondary ligand. The metal complexes were characterized by physico - chemical and spectroscopic techniques like CHN analysis, surface tension, pH, conductivity and melting point measurements. The spectroscopic characterization technique includes IR, (1 H & 13C) NMR, UV/visible and Mass spectrometry methods. The SEM technique determines the surface morphology of the complexes. The thermal and kinetic stability of the complexes was obtained from TGA/DTA curves from which the parameters like E* , ?H* , ?S* and ?G* have been calculated by using the Coats - Redfern equation. Molecular modeling gives a geometry of the complex which was obtained from Chem 3D Pro. 12.0 software program. The metal complexes of Zr - TcSal and Pd - TcSal have coordinated with tetrahedral and square planar geometry, respectively. The antibacterial susceptibility study of the synthesized metal complexes was done by Kirby - Bauer paper disc diffusion techniques on S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa clinical pathogens.

5 illus, 6 tables, 23 ref

047840   MKOLO N M, OLAOKUN O O, OLOWOYO J O, ELOFF J N, NAIDOO V (Paraclinical Sciences Dep, Univ of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, Email: oyinolaokun@yahoo.com) : Soil parameters affecting the antioxidant activity of hypoxis hemerocallidea corm extracts in different areas of South Africa. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (6), 1467 - 72.

Hypoxis hemerocallidea is wild harvested and widely used due inter alia to its strong antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity is linked to plant stressors like soil heavy metals concentrations and pH. If high antioxidant activity is caused by heavy metals stressing the plant, the plant may not be completely safe. Soils and H. hemerocallidea corms were collected from five different geographical regions of South Africa. The highest corm and soil heavy metals concentration were Fe, Mn and Cr, with Fe having the highest, particularly for corms collected from Ga - rankuwa (83.7 ? 0.03 ?g/g). The soil and corm samples from Ga - rankuwa with high levels of metals (Fe, Cr, Ni, Pb) had greater antioxidant activity (EC50 of 1.68 ? 0.49 ?g/mL). Despite corms showing ability to bio - accumulate heavy metals, the antioxidant activity could not be linked to environmental conditions. The results highlight potential danger of using naturally harvested bulbs growing in unidentified soils.

1 illus, 3 tables, 35 ref

047838   TIRUVEEDHI V L N B G, BATTULA V R, BONIGE K B (Basic Science Dep, Vishnu Institute of Technology, Bhimavaram - 534202, Email: tvlbalaji79@gmail.com) : Stability Indicating RP - HPLC assessment and stability testing of tazarotene and halobetasol in lotion formulation. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (6), 1456 - 62.

A novel liquid chromatographic method was established and validated for the quantification of tazarotene and halobetasol in the presence of degradation products obtained during stress conditions. The liquid chromatographic method was based on isocratic elution on Knauer Eurospher II C18 (5 ?m particle size, 250 mm ? 4.5 mm) column using a mobile phase consisting of methanol, acetonitrile and 0.5 mM perchloric acid (40:45:15 v/v/v) mixture at flow rate of 0.9 mL/min. Quantization of tazarotene and halobetasol was done with UV detection at 234 nm. The method validity was assessed in agreement with the recommendations of the International Conference on Harmonization. Linearity, accuracy and precision were satisfactory over the concentration ranges of 2.25 - 13.5 and 0.5 - 3.0 ?g/mL for tazarotene and halobetasol, respectively. Detection limit values of 0.006 ?g/mL and 0.01 ?g/mL were found for halobetsol and tazarotene, respectively, while the quantization limit values of 0.02 ?g/mL and 0.033 ?g/mL were found for halobetsol and tazarotene, respectively. The developed method is appropriate for routine analysis and quality control of tazarotene and halobetasol combination in lotion dosage form.

5 illus, 7 tables, 18 ref

047837   BENDJAMA A, BAKAR M F A, SABRAN S F, DURUMIN IYA S G (Univ Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia, Email: bendjama.adel01@gmail.com, fadzelly@uthm.edu.my) : Preparation and characterization of PMMA - AgNPs polymer composite as a dental prosthesis. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (6), 1451 - 5.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been used for centuries in the field of medicine due to the antimicrobial properties. AgNPs has been synthesized and incorporated in different aspects of biomaterials. It is reported that AgNPs as a result of its small size, it provides sufficient antimicrobial effect at lower filler level, thus can be used in dentistry for prevention and reduction of biofilm formation on a surfaces of dental prosthesis. The purpose of this study is to develop AgNPs antimicrobial acrylic resin for dental prosthesis. The effect of AgNPs incorporated into acrylic resin poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) on the bacterial biofilm was studied in terms of bacterial growth and the incorporating effect on the thermal stability of these polymeric biocides was evaluated. Silver nanoparticles in colloidal form was added to PMMA(ONDA - CRYL) using microwave and make four dental prosthesis at the different concentration. The specimens were delivered to the four toothless patients for 21 days. The formed biofilm was tested for microbiological study (taxonomic profile). After setting, the specimens were characterized to determine the spatial distribution of AgNPs on the PMMA matrix through scanning electron microscope and the thermal stability was examined using TGA and DSC. The modified PMMA prosthesis base containing AgNPs, which exhibited good in vivo antimicrobial properties without altering their thermal properties of degradation as well as their mechanical properties and minimize the maximum infectious signs by reducing the formation of microbial biofilm forming on the surfaces of dental prostheses. As the modification of PMMA with AgNPs improved the anti - biofilm properties without altering its mechanical and thermals properties to the degradation, it could be used as a dental prosthesis.

7 illus, 23 ref

047836   KUMAR H C C, SHILPA R, ANANDA S (Studies in Chemistry Dep, Univ of Mysore, Mysore - 570006, Email: snananda@yahoo.com ) : Correlation for photocatalytic degradation kinetics of carboxylic acids using electrochemically synthesized Al2S3 nanoparticles and study of antibacterial activity. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (6), 1443 - 50.

Aluminium sulfide (Al2S3) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by electrochemical method. Further, the synthesized nanoparticles were used as a photocatalyst for degradation of trichloroacetic acid, chloroacetic acid, acetic acid and degradation kinetics was studied by volumetric method using NaOH under various experimental conditions. The Al2S3 nanoparticles were characterized by UV - visible spectroscopy, X - ray diffraction and SEM - EDAX. The study of UV - visible spectroscopy indicates that Al2S3 nanoparticles shows maximum intensity peak at 222 nm in the UV region and there is no absorption peak in the visible region, therefore the synthesized nanoparticles is active under UV light and band gap energy was found to be 3.07 eV, which was calculated using Tauc plot. The structure of Al2S3 was found to be tetragonal structure and average crystal size was found to be 25.76 nm, which was calculated using Debye - Scherrer?s formula. The SEM results showed that Al2S3 appears as nanoflakes with agglomerated. The presence of aluminium and sulfur was confirmed using EDAX spectra. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized Al2S3 nanoparticles was examined by taking three carboxylic acids by volumetric method. Taft LFER was tested, the isokinetic temperature ? was calculated for oxidation of carboxylic acids. The antibacterial activity was investigated for synthesized nanoparticles by using Bacillus subtilis MTCC 2763 and Escherichia coli MTCC 40 of different bacteria.

11 illus, 5 tables, 38 ref

047835   KALAIVANI P, ARIKRISHNAN J, GOPALAKRISHNAN M ( Chemistry Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram - 608002, Email: mgkrishnan61@gmail.com ) : Synthesis, characterization and molecular docking of 1,2,4 - triazole derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (6), 1437 - 42.

In this study, a new series of (E) - N - (4 - (3 - (3,5 - dialkylphenyl)acryloyl)phenyl) - 2 - (1H - 1,2,4 - triazol - 1 - yl)acetamide (32 - 41) was synthesized, characterized by FT - IR, 1 H NMR, 13C NMR and Mass spectral analysis and evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities. The docking study of the newly synthesized compounds was performed and results showed good binding mode in the active site of 1T9U protein. The zone of inhibition concentration was tested for the synthesized compounds against five bacterial and three fungal strains. Compounds 34 and 37 have good antibacterial activity. Compounds 3, 4 and 6 shows moderate inhibition against the antifungal activity.

2 illus, 2 tables, 33 ref

047833   SRINIVAS M , SULOCHANA N, RAMESH G, RAJEGOWDA H R, MAHADEVAN K M, NEELAGUND S (P.G. Studies & Research in Chemistry Dep, Kuvempu Univ, Shankaraghatta - 577451, Email: srinivas1885@gmail.com, mahadevan.kmm@gmail.com ) : Synthesis, characterization, photoluminescence property of Al(III) schiff base complexes and their applications in forensic fingerprint and dye sensitized solar cells. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (6), 1427 - 32.

Aluminium(III) - Schiff base complexes of bis(salicylidene)phenyl - 1,2 - diamino organic ligand derivatives were synthesized by condensation reaction with salicylaldehyde, substituted phenyl - 1,2 - diamine with aluminum trichloride and characterized by 1 H NMR, FTIR, EDS and ICP - AAS. Photophysical properties like photoluminescence (PL) and IV characteristics were studied for the dye - sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) performance. The latent forensic finger print developments have also been demonstrated from the synthesized complexes. Photoluminescence studies revealed that emission peaks of the complexes in solution state appeared at 418 - 572 nm and emitted blue and pale - yellow light. Latent fingerprint detection study indicated that the powder compounds show a good adhesion and finger ridge details without back ground staining. Based on these results, these Al(III) complexes can serve as a suitable non - dopant blue light as well as pale yellow light emitting compound for flat panel display applications and applied to detect latent fingerprints on variable substrates.

6 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

047832   DHARANI J, RAVI S ( Chemistry Dep, Karpagam Univ, Coimbatore - 641021, Email: itzdharanichemist@gmail.com) : in silico ADMET screening of compounds present in Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H. Rob.. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (6), 1421 - 6.

Drug development involves assessment of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) increasingly earlier in the discovery process. in silico ADMET studies are expected to reduce the risk of late - stage attrition of drug development and to optimize screening and testing by looking at only the promising compounds. To this end, several in silico approaches for predicting ADMET properties of compounds from their chemical structure have been developed, ranging from data - based approaches. In this study, ADMET prediction has been done for 20 compounds from the plant Cyanthillium cinereum extracts. Some of the compounds were predicted to be non - toxic.

7 tables, 21 ref

047830   PRIYA K K, ANURADHA V, JAYALAKSHMI G, KUMARI S R ( Chemistry Dep, Vignan Degree Coll, Pakaluru, Guntur - 522005, Email: kavi_kkp@yahoo.co.in ) : A new steroid isolated from leucas cephalotes. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (6), 1409 - 12.

A new steroidal triterpenoid was isolated from hexane washed ethanolic extract of flowers of Leucas cephalotes. Its structure was elucidated as (Z) - 17 - (4,4 - dimethylhept - 2en - 2 - yl) - 8,10,14 - trimethyl - 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,12,13,14,15,16,17 - tetradecahydro - 1H - cyclopent[a]phenanthren3 - ol (1). The structure of the new compound was determined by 1D and 2D NMR and MS and DEPT experiments as well as by comparison of their data with the reported values.

2 illus, 2 tables, 36 ref

047829   TASLIM , BATUBARA D H, MAULINA S, IRIANY, BANI O (Univ Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia, Email: taslim_hr@yahoo.co.id) : Preparation and characterization of sulfonated carbon from candlenut shell as catalyst for hydrolysis of cogon grass cellulose into glucose. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (6), 1404 - 8.

Cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica) is convertible into glucose by hydrolysis process, which usually requires a catalyst. A solid acid catalyst of sulfonated carbon was used in this work. This study aimed to observe the viability of candlenut shell as carbonaceous source in solid acid catalyst production and to characterize the sulfonated carbon. The carbonization was performed at 250 - 550 ?C for 4 h, while sulfonation was carried out at 100 - 180 ?C for 6 h. Sulfonated carbon was then characterized by H+ activity/acid density test, scanning electron microscopy - energy dispersive X - ray spectroscopy (SEM - EDX) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Sulfonated carbon was then tested as a heterogeneous catalyst for hydrolysis reaction. The reaction was performed in a stainless steel batch reactor at 100 ?C for 6 h. Glucose formed by hydrolysis was measured by dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. Results of this study suggested that sulfonated carbon derived from candlenut shell may be used as a catalyst for cogon grass cellulose hydrolysis to produce glucose.

5 illus, 2 tabkes, 23 ref

047827   BABU V R S, NAGAPPAN R (Polymer Science Dep, Univ of Madras, Chennai - 600025, Email: vrsankarbabu@gmail.com) : Analytical methods for ionic profile of dialysate iron therapy drug ferric pyrophosphate citrate by ion chromatography using suppressed and non - suppressed conductivity detection. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (6), 1393 - 8.

In present study, ionic profile of pharmaceutical drug molecule ferric pyrophosphate citrate by ion exchange chromatography using conductivity detection was carried out. Ferric pyrophosphate citrate is an iron organic complex used for hemodialysis for the chronic kidney disease patients. The drug is used as iron supplementation to balance the iron loss during the dialysis for the kidney affected patients. Anions, cation and metal ion were analyzed by ion chromatographic method. Relevant anions sulphate, phosphate, citrate and pyrophosphate were analyzed by suppressed conductivity detection. Both isocratic and gradient separation methods were developed for the anions analysis. Cation sodium was analyzed by non - suppressed conductivity detection. Metal iron was determined by direct conductivity detection. All the analyses were done covering selectivity, precision, linearity and accuracy aspects of analysis. Calibration outcome of RSD 0.4 to 3.0% and correlation coefficient values greater than 0.999 were observed during the studies. Spiking studies were done to check the accuracy of the analysis and the recovery values ranging from 93 to 110% were observed. Around 90% ionic content of the drug molecule can be characterized using the developed ion chromatographic methods. These methods can be directly applied for the routine analysis of drug in the pharmaceutical industries.

8 illus, 4 tables, 15 ref

047826   M'HANNI N, GALAI M, ANIK T, TOUHAMI M E , RIFI E H, ASFARI Z (Ibn Tofail Univ, K?nitra, Morocco, Email: galaimouhsine@gmail.com ) : Investigation of Calix[4]arene Molecule on Electroless Ni - P alloy on carbon steel substrate and evaluation of its corrosion resistance in 3% NaCl. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (6), 1384 - 92.

The autocatalytic nickel bath uses sodium hypophosphite as a reducing agent, sodium citrate as a complexing agent and sodium acetate as an accelerator. The effect of calix[4]arene molecule type H4L named (dicarboxylic acid p - tert - butylcalix[4]arene) was studied and used at various concentrations of 10 - 3 to 10 - 6 M to improve the microstructure, the microhadness and properties of nickel deposit obtained. The effect of varying the concentration of H4L, on the deposition rate, the composition, the microstructure and morphology of chemical deposition was studied. The results showed that depending on the concentration of calix[4]arene, the deposition rate decreases from 11, to 7.75 ?m/h. The microstructure and microhardness improves significantly at a concentration of 10 - 6 M of additive. It was also shown that the coating obtained is adherent and compact and the chemical bath has become more stable in the presence of calix[4]arenic additives. Indeed, in both cases, the nickel content decreased with the addition of concentration. This decrease of nickel content might be related to the increase of deposition rate depending on the concentration. The X - ray diffraction analysis revealed peak intensification in the {111} orientation of plane in the presence of a concentration of 10 - 6 M; this may be in agreement with the results of metallographic study which showed that the coatings are adherent and have a good resistance. Hence, the Vickers microhardness of deposited coatings has a better value (376 HV) at the concentration 10 - 6 M. The corrosion resistance in 3% NaCl solution has been proven at the same concentration as found. Finally, the cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic studies revealed that the additive strongly influences the cathodic process and affects slightly oxidation of hypophosphite.

11 illus, 6 tables 55 ref

047825   STEPHEN L D, GUNASEKARAN S G, SOUNDARRAJAN M ( Chemistry Dep, SRM Valliammai Engineering Coll, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu - 603203, Email: stephenudt@gmail.com) : Ion - Pair Formation of [CoIII(pn)2(Cl)(L)2+????? I? ] by aqueous - organic solvent medium enhanced photoreduction: A perspective regression analysis. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (6), 1379 - 83.

Reduction of CoIII centre in CoIII(pn)2(Cl)(L)2+ with reference to solvent medium and structure of the complex via ion pair charge transfer (IPCT) paves way for the novel reaction mechanism route. In this work, we prepared, characterized and photoinduced the complexes CoIII(pn)2(Cl)(L)2+ (where L = RC6H4NH2, R = m - OMe, p - F and H) in the presence of iodide ion. Quantum yield for 254 nm excitation of CoIII(pn)2(Cl)(L)2+(where L = RC6H4NH2, R = m - OMe, p - F and H) in water - 1,4 - dioxane mixtures (Diox = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30% (v/v)) were also derived for all the complexes in presence of added iodide ion, in which CoIII was reduced via [CoIII(pn)2(Cl)(L)2+?.. I - ] ion - pair formation. The photoinduced state is ion - pair charge transfer transition state and the quantum efficiency is solvent reliant and they are non - reactive. That is, change in ?Co(II) is dependable with observed increase in xDiox of the mixed solvent medium. Correlation analysis using empirical parameters ?r, Y, ET N and DNN provides a model to understand the solvent medium participation and interaction. This work gains an insight into the role of aqueous - organic solvent medium in CoIII(pn)2(Cl)(L)2+ photoreduction, which may be of great significance in developing novel approaches in the field of high performance catalysis.

4 illus, 4 tables, 34 ref

047824    ARUNIMA S R ( Chemistry Dep, Sree Narayana Coll for Women, Kollam - 691001, Email: arunimasasidharan@gmail.com) : Electrochemical characterization of different layers of composite incorporated hot - dip zinc coating. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (6), 1370 - 8.

The present study beneficially explores nano TiO2 incorporated hot - dip zinc coatings for the enhanced corrosion protection of steel. Various electrochemical analyses such as open circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization studies were adopted to evaluate the enhanced galvanic performance and the stability of nano TiO2 composite incorporated coatings. The low corrosion current density and high polarization resistance of tuned composition of TiO2 incorporated hot - dip zinc coatings confirm its enhanced galvanic and corrosion resistant properties. The enhanced performance of TiO2 incorporated zinc coating was attributed to the combined effect of barrier and sacrificial behaviours.

7 illus, 4 tables, 27 ref

047823   THABEDE P M, SHOOTO N D, XABA T, NAIDOO E B (Vaal Univ of Technology, South Africa, Email: mapulepseabelo@gmail.com, ntaotes@vut.ac.za) : Sulfuric activated carbon of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds for the removal of cadmium(II) and methylene blue dye. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (6), 1361 - 9.

Carbon from black cumin seeds was modified with 10 and 20% sulfuric acid to obtain the activated adsorbents. Pristine carbon from black cumin seeds, 10 and 20% H2SO4 activated carbon from black cumin seeds were labelled CBC, ACBC - 10 and ACBC - 20, respectively. The adsorbents were characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, TGA and BET. The adsorbents maximum trend for Cd(II) was ACBC - 10 > ACBC20 > CBC. The maximum capacity trend for methylene blue dye was ACBC - 20 > ACBC - 10 > CBC. The kinetic model best fitted pseudo second order for Cd(II) which gave r2 values of 0.991 - 0.998. The methylene blue fitted pseudo first order model with r2 values ranging from 0.993 - 0.997. Pseudo first order suggested that the adsorption mechanism for methylene blue onto adsorbents involved van der Waal forces of attraction. The equilibrium data fitted Langmuir isotherm model for CBC, ACBC - 10 and ACBC - 20 with r2 of 0.994 to 0.998 for the removal of methylene blue whilst the removal of Cd(II) followed Freundlich with r2 ranging from 0.992 to 0.997. This suggested that the different adsorption processes were involved between the adsorbate and the adsorbents. Gibb?s free energy (?G?) for Cd(II) and methylene blue onto CBC, ACBC - 10 and ACBC - 20 suggested that the reaction was spontaneous. The adsorption of Cd(II) and methylene blue was endothermic, positive values (?H?). This suggested that the enthalpy (?H?) had a weak interactive force process whose low energy is associated with electrostatic attraction.

9 illus, 4 tables, 45 ref

047822   PRAKASH J, VEDANAYAKI S, KARTHICK K ( Chemistry Dep, Kandaswami Kandar?s Coll, Namakkal - 638182, Email: prakashchem86@gmail.com) : Removal of methylene blue dye using carbon derived from bulb of zephyranthes citrina: Adsorption and kinetic studies. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (6), 1352 - 60.

The studies open up an innovative approach and investigate porous, efficient raw carbon from Zephyranthes citrina bulb, which was used as an adsorbent to remove organic dyes. The well - dried and finely powdered Zephyranthes citrina bulb was carbonized at 900 ?C. The carbonized crude Z. citrina sample was characterized by FT - IR, UV - visible, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), BET, X - ray diffraction (XRD) techniques and their adsorption potential to remove the basic methylene blue dye from an aqueous sample. Adsorption studies comprise both adsorption isotherm and kinetic methods. The processes were carried out with diverse adsorbate concentrations and adsorbent quantities at various time intervals in the batch process. Kinetic models of Lagergren first order, pseudo - second order and intra particle diffusion were used to assess the kinetics and adsorption mechanism. The results revealed that the adsorption process follows the first order kinetic model of Lagergren. The BET isotherm model confirmed that it has an excellent adsorption capacity in an adsorption process. Based on the results obtained, the maximum removal (81%) of dye was achieved in a solution containing 50 mg of 50 mL dye at 3 h for methylene blue. The results indicated that the bulb of Zephyranthes citrina carbon is a proficient adsorption material and is also used as a cost effective alternative that can adsorb dye from an aqueous solution without activation treatment.

10 illus, 3 tables, 38 ref

047821   THUMULA S, SRINIVASADESIKAN V, KOTTALANKA R K, RAJKUMAR S R J, RAMCHANDRAN B (Sciences and Humanities Dep, Vignan?s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Vadlamudi - 522213, Email: vsdgun@gmail.com) : One - Pot Three Component Synthesis of 2 - (1H - Benzo[d]thiazole - 2 - yl) - N - Arylbenzamides in Glycerol Medium. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (6), 1343 - 51.

In this work, a series of 2 - (1H - benzo[d]thiazole - 2 - yl) - N - arylbenzamides is synthesized by using diethyl phthalate, anilines and 2 - aminobenzenethiol by one - pot three component synthesis in glycerol medium. Phosphoric acid is used as an effective reagent for this one - pot three component reaction. This reaction got completed in a short time, easy workup and gave an excellent yield in glycerol medium. The N - arylbenzamides was found to have significant cytotoxic potentials against various cancer cells viz., A549 (lung cancer), HeLa (cervical cancer) and MCF - 7 (breast cancer) using MTT assay. The molecular docking study is also employed to understand the binding mechanism of N - arylbenzamides against the antibacterial target. The docking result shows the binding energy of compound 4a is - 8.6 kcal/mol. The binding affinity is a major concern and it shows that Asn and Thr residues have an interaction with compound 4a.

3 illus, 5 tables, 30 ref

047820   YUNUSOV K E, SARYMSAKOV A A, MULLAJONOVA S V, TURAKULOV F M, RASHIDOVA S S (Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent 100128, Uzbekistan, Email: polymer@academy.uz, haydar - yunusov@rambler.ru) : Bactericidal effect of cotton fabric treated with polymer solution containing silver nanoparticles of different sizes and shapes. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (6), 1335 - 42.

Stable silver nanoparticles in solutions of sodium - carboxymethylcellulose (Na - CMC) were synthesized and their structure and physicochemical properties were evaluated. The form and sizes of silver nanoparticles formed in solutions of CMC and cotton fabrics were studied using UV - VIS spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy methods. It was found that silver nitrate concentration increase in sodium carboxymethylcellulose solutions, as well as photoirradiation of the hydrogel lead to the changes of the silver nanoparticles size and shape. Investigations have also shown that spherical silver nanoparticles with sizes of 5 - 35 nm and content of 0.0086 mass% in cotton fabrics possess high bactericidal activity. Stabilization of silver nanoparticles has preserved bactericidal and bacteriostatic activities during the washing of cotton fabrics and textiles on their base.

6 illus, 3 tables, 43 ref

047819   PADMAVATHI R, NATCHIMUTHU V, LYDIA I S ( Chemistry Dep, Bishop Heber Coll, Tiruchirappalli - 620017, Email: lydiapadma1984@gmail.com) : Solar active reusable photocatalyst magnetite doped calcium aluminate for acid yellow 23 photodegradation. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (6), 1329 - 34.

Fe3O4 doped calcium aluminate nanoparticles were synthesized by co - precipitation method, an effective route to synthesize novel photocatalyst to enhance the photocatalytic decolourization of acid yellow 23 dye. The structural and surface morphologies were investigated using techniques such as SEM and EDAX. In this study, a degradation of acid yellow 23 dye have been carried out in the presence of sunlight. It was observed that the synthesized Fe3O4 doped calcium aluminate photo catalyst was very useful in degrading the dye entirely within a short span of time (90 min). The impact of various operating parameters on acid yellow 23 including the amount of photocatalyst, dye concentration, H2O2 concentration and temperature was thoroughly examined. The kinetic studies explained that the degradation of photocatalytic reaction showed pseudo first - order reaction.

8 illus, 53 ref

047818   MOHANTY P, BEHERA D, PANDA S K, BASTIA T K, RATH P ( KIIT Univ, Bhubaneswar - 751024, Email: dibakar.beherafch@kiit.ac.in ) : Hybrid composite laminates from UPE/ESOA blend reinforced with chitosan and bamboo fiber: A study of mechanical and thermal properties. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (6), 1321 - 8.

The development of an inter - cross - linked polymer network of thermoset - thermoset blends have been extensively studied due to their enhanced mechanical properties. Among various polymer blends, modifications of unsaturated polyester (UPE) resin with epoxidized soybean oil acrylate (ESOA) combinations are an attractive route to promote the performance of the thermoset matrix and to overcome the inferior properties of both the components. Biodegradable and effectively accessible chitosan biodegradable waste material can shape the new stage for cutting - edge innovation items. Blend of both recyclable fibrous reinforcement and eco - friendly filler with two miscible thermosetting polymers will provide enhanced properties. At this time, chitosan up to 15 wt% (based on matrix weight) was utilized as reinforcing filler. At last, an interesting result was built up by confirming that chitosan filled chemically tailored bamboo and UPE/ESOA (80:20) biocomposites offered enhanced properties by 10 wt% of filler concentration with the most enhancements in whole properties. They have extensive variety of applications in the sector of low cost housing, structural projects and structural laminates.

6 illus, 7 tables, 13 ref

047817   SARSAM L A, MOHAMMED S A, FATHE S A (New and Renewable Energy Dep, Mosul Univ, Mosul, Iraq, Email: luma_sarsam@yahoo.com, lamyasarsam@uomosul.edu.iq) : Spectrophotometric and RP - HPLC methods for determining cefotaxime sodium in pharmaceutical preparations. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (6), 1314 - 20.

A rapid, simple and sensitive spectrophotometric and RP - HPLC methods have been developed for the quantitative determination of cefotaxime - Na in both pure and dosage forms. The spectrophotometric method was based on diazotization of cefotaxime - Na and then coupling with 8 - hydroxyquinoline in an alkaline medium. The resulting azo dye exhibited maximum absorption at 551 nm with a molar absorptivity of 0.597 ? 104 L mol - 1 cm - 1. Beer?s law was obeyed over the range 10 - 700 ?g/25 mL (i.e. 0.4 - 28.0 ppm) with an excellent determination coefficient (R2 = 0.9993). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 0.0194 and 0.3765 ?g mL - 1, respectively. The recoveries were obtained in the range 97.3 - 102.5% and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was better than ? 1.56. The HPLC method has been developed for the determination of cefotaxime - Na. The analysis were carried out on a C18 column and a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer solution (0.024M KH2PO4 and 0.01M H3PO4) at pH 3.5 in the ratio of 60:40 (v:v), with a flow rate of 1.0 mL min - 1 and UV detection at 258 nm. The proposed method showed good linearity (in a range of concentration 1.0 - 200 ?g mL - 1. The recovery percent and a relative standard deviations were found in the range 96 to 104.8% and ? 0.017 to ? 0.031%, respectively. Both methods were applied successfully to the assay of cefotaxime - Na in commercial injection preparations.

12 illus, 7 tables, 26 ref

047816   DEVI D P V V, NARAYANARAO K M V, SHYAMALA P, KRISHNA R M, PRASAD K S (G.V.K. Biosciences Pvt. Ltd, Hyderabad - 500076, Email: dhanimaruthi@gmail.com) : HPLC Estimation of new impurity methyl ezetimibe in ezetimibe drug. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (6), 1309 - 13.

A new gradient elution mode HPLC method was developed and validated to detect and monitor the novel impurity namely methyl ezitimibe in ezetimibe drug substances. Chromatographic detection and analysis of methyl ezetimibe was performed on XBridge C18 column with mobile phase consisting of 0.02 M phosphate buffer (pH 5) and acetonitrile with 1 mL/min flow rate in gradient elution mode. Methyl ezetimibe was detected and monitored at 248 nm. The calibration curve was linear over range of 0.015 to 0.219% concentration. The limit of detection and quantification were computed as 0.005% (signal to noise ratio 3.60) and 0.015% (signal to noise ratio 15.96), respectively. The precision was 0.97% (%RSD) and accuracy was 93.2 to 98.2% (recovery). The developed method was proved suitable to detect and monitor methyl ezetimibe impurity in ezetimibe drug substances.

5 illus, 7 tables, 18 ref