SHARMA P, CHANDER H, WALIA Y K
047596 SHARMA P, CHANDER H, WALIA Y K (Career Point Univ, Hamirpur ? 176 041, Himachal Pradesh , Email: hemchander78@gmail.com) : Population assessment of some important threatened medicinal plants in Himachal Pradesh, Northwestern Himalaya . Asian J. Adv. Basic Sci 2020, 8 (1), 001 - 12.
Biodiversity loss, also called loss of biodiversity, is due to various anthropogenic and natural factors. This loss is typically associated with permanent ecological changes in ecosystems, landscapes, and the global biosphere. Natural ecological disturbances, such as wildfire, floods, and volcanic eruptions, change ecosystems drastically by eliminating local populations of some species and transforming whole biological communities. Therefore, it is essential to identify suitable conservation priorities in biodiversity rich areas. The study has been conducted because of the dearth of the specific studies in the Indian Himalayas for assessing the ?threatened species?. Himachal Pradesh, in the Indian Himalaya, has a rich diversity of medicinal plants, which are widely used. This paper brings together existing information with the results from recent field surveys on population assessment of some important threatened medicinal plants in Himachal Pradesh, Northwestern Himalaya. Existing strategies for in - situ and exsitu conservation, cultivation and propagation are reviewed and a range of actions for cooperative implementation by all stakeholders are suggested. Potential species have been suggested in view of economic importance. Regular monitoring of populations and habitats of threatened medicinal plants, restricted harvesting and habitat protection are suggested.
1 illus, 3 tables, 44 ref
VISMAYA M, JOTHI G, ANITA B, RAJENDRAN L
047553 VISMAYA M, JOTHI G, ANITA B, RAJENDRAN L (Nematology Dep, y, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore - 641 003 (T.N.), Email: jothipugal@yahoo.co.in) : Nematicidal potential of nematophagous fungi on Meloidogyne incognita. Ann. Pl. Protec. Sci 2020, 28 (2), 168 - 71.
The efficacy of indigenous fungi isolated from mite,grub,teabark and soil sample were tested against Meloidogyne incognita for their efficacy in vitro through egg hatch inhibition, J2 mortality and egg parasitism. Mortality of M. incognita larvae was found to be directly proportional to concentration of culture filtrate of the isolates and duration of exposure in vitro. Among the isolate listed, Isolate 8 showed highest egg hatch inhibition, juvenile mortality and egg parasitism of M. incognita. followed by Isolate 10, Isolate 1 and Isolate 2.
2 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref
GUPTA D K, JAIN A K
047550 GUPTA D K, JAIN A K (Plant Pathology Dep, Coll of Agriculture, Rewa ? 486 001 (M.P.), Email: akjagcrewa@gmail.com) : Slow blasting resistance in Finger millet cultivars to Pyricularia grisea Sacc.. Ann. Pl. Protec. Sci 2020, 28 (2), 155 - 9.
Strong positive association between neck blast and finger blast (r = 0.982*) was recorded. Seven finger millet cultivars namely PR 10 - 30, VL 368, VL 368, VR 988, VL 348, PPR 2773, TNAU 1214 and GPU 45 were shown resistant reaction, varied from 3.7 to 41.4% in 14 cultivars was observed. Low estimate of coefficients of infection, linear necrotic area on necks, apparent infection rate and area under disease progress curve value in resistant to moderately resistant cultivars were recorded, whereas incubation period was high in resistant to moderately resistant cultivars. Significant positive correlation of neck blast severity with linear necrotic area (r = 0.949*), coefficient of infection (r = 0.993*), apparent infection rate (r = 0.541*) /unit/day, area under disease progress curve values (r = 0.958*) and negative correlation with incubation period (r = - 917*) were recorded. Finger blast severity (FBS) ranged from 6.3 to 39.9% in 14 cultivars of finger millet. Lower estimate of coefficient of infection (CI) and higher incubation period (IP) was recorded in finger millet cultivars showing resistance to finger blast.
1 illus, 3 tables, 8 ref
DHIR B C, PANIGRAHI D, ALIM M A, SAMANT T K
047549 DHIR B C, PANIGRAHI D, ALIM M A, SAMANT T K (Regional Research and Technology Transfer Station, Dhenkanal ? 759 013 (Odisha), Email: debabratapanigrahi1947@gmail.com) : Integrated management of wilt and root knot nematode complex of Brinjal in Mid - Central Zone of Odisha. Ann. Pl. Protec. Sci 2020, 28 (2), 151 - 4.
The result indicated lower number of root knot galls/plant (2.82), lowest % of wilting (3.37) and highest % disease control over check (86.9%), highest yield of 258 q/ha and 36.0% increase in yield was observed. Seed treatment with (metalaxyl + mancozeb) MZ 72 @ 2 g/kg + soil application of carbofuran @ 1 kg a.i./ha + soil drenching of carbendazim 0.15% + streptocycline 0.015%. Lowest number of root knot galls/plant (2.75) with 12.6% of wilting, 44.6% disease control over check and 25% increase in yield over control was observed in seed treatment with T. viride 5 g/kg with basal application of carbofuran 1 kg a.i./ha. Seed treatment with T. viride 5 g/kg, soil application of T. viride 2.5 kg/ha enriched with 50 kg FYM exhibited 10.12 number of root knot galls/plant with 9.9% wilting, 61.4% disease control with 14.7% increase in yield over control.
2 tables, 13 ref
VALARMATHI P
047548 VALARMATHI P (Plant Pathology Dep, ICAR - Central Institute for Cotton Research, Coimbatore - 641 003 (T.N.), Email: valarpath@gmail.com) : Host range studies of Tobacco Streak Virus infecting Cotton. Ann. Pl. Protec. Sci 2020, 28 (2), 147 - 50.
Tobacco streak virus (TSV) is an emerging menace in cotton growing belts of Tamil Nadu, found to be mechanically transmissible to 27 hosts with varying symptoms of chlorotic local lesions, necrotic lesions and systemic symptoms. Necrotic lesions and chlorotic lesions were observed on Gossypium barbadense within 5 to 8 days after inoculation. The highest virus titre was achieved with the host plants Vigna unguiculata and Chenopodium amaranticolor which was performed by DAS - ELISA.
1 illus, 1 table, 10 ref
PANDEY M, SINGH S, VERMA S, JAISWAL A K
047547 PANDEY M, SINGH S, VERMA S, JAISWAL A K (Botany Dep, Thakur H.N. Singh PG Coll, Prayagraj - 211 016 (U.P.), Email: drmeenakshee@gmail.com) : Effect of microbial non - volatile metabolites on growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri and lini. Ann. Pl. Protec. Sci 2020, 28 (2), 142 - 6.
Rhizospheric fungal antagonists activity against phytopathogen by production of volatile and non - volatile metabolites. In vitro assessments revealed their antibiosis and mycoparasitic ability to affect growth of the pathogen. Soil borne fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes were identified and used as antagonistic microbes against some soil borne pathogens. The efficacy of volatile and non - volatile metabolites produced by 14 selected dominant microbes against the common fungal test pathogens (F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri & lini) were suppressed with colony interaction, volatile, and non - volatile metabolites emanated from different leaf surface microbes like Aspergillus niger, A. terreus, A. luchuensis, Trichoderma harzianum, Penicillium citrinum, Streptomyces rimosus, and S. aureofaciens and prior application of these antagonists effectively reduced the development of Fusarium wilt in chick pea and linseed.
1 illus, 1 table, 21 ref
MISHRA B K, SHARMA Y K, KANT K, SAXENA S N, LAL G
047546 MISHRA B K, SHARMA Y K, KANT K, SAXENA S N, LAL G (ICAR - National Research Centre on Seed Spices, Ajmer - 305 206 (Rajasthan), Email: bkmmicro@gmail.com) : Studies on molecular identification of endorhizobacteria isolated from Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum - graecum L.). Ann. Pl. Protec. Sci 2020, 28 (2), 138 - 41.
Endorhizobacteria from Fenugreek root samples were isolated on nutrient agar medium, congo red yeast extract mannitol agar and pikovskaya medium. These isolated endorhizobacteria were purified through repeated subculture and were tested for biochemical identification. The molecular identification based on 16 S rRNA gene sequencing was done for the isolates. These endorhizobacteria Rhizo - fen - 3, Rhizo - fen - 8, Rhizo - fen - 12 and Rhizo - fen - 27 were identified as B. aryabhattai, B. megaterium, B. haynessi and Pseudomonas chengduensis, respectively through 16 S rDNA partial gene sequence homology. The finding revealed about the presence of other bacteria besides the well documented nodule forming bacteria Sinorhizobium melilotai from the root tissues of fenugreek crop grown in Rajasthan, India.
1 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref
ELANGO K, MUTHUVEL I
047541 ELANGO K, MUTHUVEL I (Horticulture Dep, Horticultural Research Station, Kodaikanal - 609 603 (Poducherry U.T.), Email: elaento@gmail.com) : Study on Technological gap analysis and Garrett ranking in pest management practices of Temperate Fruit crops at Kodaikanal Hills, Tamil Nadu. Ann. Pl. Protec. Sci 2020, 28 (2), 119 - 22.
Kodaikanal is one of the highest producing temperate crops like Apple, Peach, Pear, Plum, Avocado and Kiwi. The interaction with farmers was carried out to collect the details about adaptation of plant protection measures. Totally nine package of practices were finalized to find out the technology gap. These practices were resistant variety, seed treatment, yellow sticky traps, light traps, predators, parasitoids, entomopathogen, botanicals and insecticides. The findings revealed that among the practices 96.6% farmers adopting chemical treatment, followed by botanicals (86.6%). A wide technological gap was observed in case of biocontrol related pest management using parasitoids and predators. The gap was 86.6% in predators and 95.0% in parasitoids. An overall technological gap analysis revealed that 60% of farmers had low technological gap followed by medium technological gap of 40% about the pest management practices. Further, lack of knowledge, lack of technical help, unconvincing merit of technology and non - availability of technical inputs complexity of practices were expressed as reasons for gap in adoption of pest management practices.
3 tables, 16 ref
PANIGRAHI D, SARANGI P K, DHIR B C, PANDA D, BARIK K C
047540 PANIGRAHI D, SARANGI P K, DHIR B C, PANDA D, BARIK K C (Regional Research Technology Transfer Station, Dhenkanal - 759 013, Odisha, Email: debabratapanigrahi1947@gmail.com) : Effect of inter - cropping on IPM for major insect pests of Sesamum. Ann. Pl. Protec. Sci 2020, 28 (2), 115 - 8.
The results of two years pooled date revealed that sesamum with blackgram in the ratio of 5:3 + profenophos @ 2 ml/L used spray significantly lowest aphid/10 cm population followed by sesamum + black gram (5:3) with NSKE 5% gave 2.93 aphid/10 cm population. Similarly Jassid population / 5 terminal leaves resulted 1.50 and 2.50 in the same treatments, respectively. The Twing and Capsule damage was 0.93 and 1.53%, respectively. Seasamum (control) pooled population was 15.17, 10.80 in Aphid and Jassid significantly recorded higher number whereas 12.80 and 7.97% were recorded, respectively. Yield was recorded maximum in seed treatment + yellow sticky traps of seasum and lower BC ratio (1.21). Also, sesamum when inter - cropped with either black gram and green gram only registered lower number of population as compared with either only sesamum or with seed treatment, sesamum with yellow sticky trap and sesamum with seed treatment + yellow sticky trap.
2 tables, 12 ref
KAVALAN R, ABDUSSALAM A K, GOTHANDAM K M
047513 KAVALAN R, ABDUSSALAM A K, GOTHANDAM K M (Post Graduate Studies and Research in Botany Dep, Sir Syed Coll, Taliparamba - 670 142, Kannur, Kerala, Email: salamkoduvally@gmail.com) : Phytochemical evaluation of Amorphophallus smithsonianus Sivad.: A rare endemic species from Western Ghats, Kerala, India. Ann. Phytomed 2020, 9 (2), 271 - 6.
Amorphophallus smithsonianaus Sivad., a rare endemic species of the family Araceae from Western Ghats, Kerala, India has been evaluated for its phytochemicals, antioxidant potential and antibacterial properties. Morphological description of the species is also provided. For phytochemical screening, tuber was extracted in hexane, methanol and water. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of secondary metabolites such as reducing sugar, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, phytotannins, terpenoids, saponins, fats, oils, etc., in different extracts of the tuber. Out of three extracts, methanolic extracts of A. smithsonianus exhibited more phytochemicals. The tuber extracts exhibited antioxidant potential through DPPH radical scavenging assay and nitric oxide radical scavenging assay. The tuber extract of A. smithsonianus different extracts showed antibacterial property against the selected five pathogenic bacterial strains. The study suggests that the tuber of A. smithsonianus has good potential as a natural source of antioxidant.
3 illus, 4 tables, 36 ref
SINGH S, BAJPAI M, MISHRA P
047512 SINGH S, BAJPAI M, MISHRA P (Pharmacognosy Dep, GLA Univ, Chaumuhan - 281 406, Mathura, Email: sonia.singh@gla.ac.in) : Pharmacognostical evaluation of indigenous herbal drug: Carissa carandas Linn. Fruit. Ann. Phytomed 2020, 9 (2), 263 - 70.
Carissa carandas Linn. (Family: Apocynaceae), commonly called Karonda in the northern region of India. In the present work, the organoleptic, anatomy profiles and antiradical activity of C. carandas fruits, as these parameters are concerned with benefit approaches in Indian medicinal plants for the standardization of crude drugs. It is widely used for edible purposes in the northern regions of India in the form of pickles and curry. The essential parameters used up for the pharmacognosy of given fruit were macroscopical study, histochemical evaluation, including transverse section, powder analysis, preliminary phytochemical and fluorescence analysis. The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents in C. carandas fruit were determined using Folin - Ciocalteu method and Aluminium chloride colorimetric assay. The organoleptic and macroscopic profiles of fruit revealed the presence of petiole, the smooth outer surface, green color with a sour taste. The histochemical evaluation showed the presence of pericarp and endosperm. Sclereids, oil globules, calcium oxalate crystals and sclerenchymatous cells found in the fruit section. Alkaloids, saponin glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds, fats, and oils, volatile oils, carbohydrates, gums, mucilage, and reducing sugars were present. The physicochemical evaluation such as moisture content, ash value, extractive value, foreign matter, and fluorescence analysis were performed and recorded. The fruit extracts of plant showed the presence of phenolic and flavonoid content. Data obtained used as a standard for future aspects. The current report on pharmacognostic, preliminary physicochemical analysis provides an important diagnostic tool and evidence in correct identification, and even standardization of crude drug.
10 illus, 4 tables, 33 ref
MANJU P, PUSHPA A
047511 MANJU P, PUSHPA A (Biochemistry Dep, Rathnavel Subramaniam Coll of Arts and Science, Coimbatore - 641 402, Tamil Nadu, Email: manju.palanivelu@gmail.com) : Phytochemical analysis and in vitro free radical scavenging activity of rhizome of Zingiber officinale Rosc.. Ann. Phytomed 2020, 9 (2), 257 - 62.
Zingiber officinale Rosc. belongs to the family, Zingiberaceae used extensively as a spice, flavouring agent and herbal remedy. The rhizome of the plant is known for its medicinal, nutritional and tradional values. The present study was conducted to elucidate the phytochemical constituents of crude methanolic extract of rhizome of Z. officinale and analyse the free radical scavenging activity. Phytochemical screening was done by standard test indicative of characteristic colour changes, using standard phytochemical reaction methods. Free radical scavenging activity was determined by DPPH assay, superoxide scavenging assay, nitric oxide scavenging assay and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay. The results of the preliminary phytochemical screening of the methanolic extract of Z. officinale (ZoMe) revealed the presence of various bioactive components which includes alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, steroids and carbohydrates. The free radical scavenging ability in the methanolic extract of the rhizome revealed significant scavenging activity by percentage inhibition in a dose dependent manner when compared with standard ascorbic acid. Observing these studies, it can be concluded that the methanolic extract of Z. officinale rhizome could be used in drug formulation because of its effective antioxidant properties.
2 tables, 46 ref
VENKATALAKSHMI P, BRINDHA P
047510 VENKATALAKSHMI P, BRINDHA P (Biochemistry Dep, PSG Coll of Arts and Science, Coimbatore - 641 014, Tamil Nadu, Email: venkatalakshmisathish@gmail.com) : Protective effect of different parts of Terminalia catappa L. in the hematological and biochemical profiles of immunosuppressed mice. Ann. Phytomed 2020, 9 (2), 247 - 56.
Desi badam botanically equated as Terminalia catappa L. belongs to the family Combretaceae. This tropical tree has gained significance because of the therapeutic potentials of leaves since time immemorial. Existing evidences to validate the medicinal properties of other parts such as bark, fruits, wood are limited. In our previous studies, we have standardized and validated the aqueous extract of bark, fruits and wood of T. catappa using botanical, chemical and analytical protocols. In vitro experiments were also conducted to evaluate the antioxidant, anti - inflammatory, anticancer and antimicrobial properties. In the present study, animal experiments are carried out to evaluate the protective effect of aqueous extract of different parts of T. catappa on cyclophosphamide induced immune - suppressive mice. Low, medium and high doses (125, 250, 500 mg/kg) of the selected plant parts were administered to Swiss albino mice. The effect of test extracts on hematological profile, biochemical profile and histopathological profile was compared with cyclophosphamide (immunosuppressant) treated and levamisole (immunostimulant) treated mice. From the results obtained, it could be concluded that bark, fruit and wood of T. catappa ameliorated cyclophosphamide induced cytotoxicity in mice. Among the different doses, medium dose of the test extracts was more efficacious than the low and high doses.
2 illus, 7 tables, 40 ref
PARVEEN B, PARVEEN A, PARVEEN R, AHMAD S, AHMAD M, IQBAL M
047495 PARVEEN B, PARVEEN A, PARVEEN R, AHMAD S, AHMAD M, IQBAL M (Botany Dep, Deemed Univ, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi - 110 062, Email: iqbalg5@yahoo.co.in) : Challenges and opportunities for traditional herbal medicine today with special reference to its status in India. Ann. Phytomed 2020, 9 (2), 97 - 112.
As per the definition approved by the World Health Organization (WHO), the term herbal medicine applies to all those medicines that occur in the form of plants, plant parts (such as roots, rhizomes, stem, bark, wood, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds or their active ingredients), herbal preparations, or the finished products containing these materials singly or in combinations. The major strengths of herbal medicine include absence of adverse side effects in general, long - lasting curative impact and, sometimes, cost - effectiveness. However, duration of treatment is relatively long and, in some cases, herbal drugs may react with modern medicine, if taken together. The cause of herbal medicine is currently suffering from (a) decline in species richness, (b) negligence towards plant systematics in higher education, (c) lack of cultivation practices and agro - technology for majority of medicinal and aromatic plants, (d) little financial support for research in conservation biology, (e) and shortage of sophisticated research facilities for quality control. Immediate steps required to be taken for protection and promotion of herbal medicine include (a) in situ and ex situ conservation of the fast - dwindling wealth of medicinal plants; (b) their large - scale cultivation, possibly under buy - back agreement with farmers; (c) authentication and characterization of medicinal plant species based on scientific parameters; (d) standardization and quality control of herbal products under preparation, and (e) generation of data on clinical evidence for efficacy and safety of herbal drugs. All these aspects are discussed in this review with special emphasis on the status and scope of traditional herbal medicine in the Indian sub - continent.
1 illus, 2 tables, 175 ref
ALAM A, KHAN A A
047486 ALAM A, KHAN A A (Bioscience and Biotechnology Dep, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali - 304 022, Rajasthan, Email: afrozalamsafvi@gmail.com) : Argemone mexicana L.: A weed with versatile medicinal and pharmacological applications. Ann. Phytomed 2020, 9 (1), 218 - 23.
Among the huge floral diversity many plants are considered wild or weed with no economical value, hence, somewhat neglected. Argemone mexicana L., is one such wildly growing weed in almost all the regions of Rajasthan. This herb can thrive well without any special attention because of its combatant genomic ability to produce defensive phytochemicals under stress conditions. These phytochemicals also have ample medicinal importance and other uses. In this review several noteworthy medicinal utilization and some hazardous effects of this plant have been highlighted.
62 ref
GUDULKAR S, RAJBHAR K, DAWDA H, MUKUNDAN U
047485 GUDULKAR S, RAJBHAR K, DAWDA H, MUKUNDAN U (Botany Dep, Ramniranjan Jhunjhunwala Coll, Ghatkopar (West), Mumbai - 400 086, Email: umukundan@hotmail.com) : Screening of selected plants for their effectiveness in the treatment of kidney stone. Ann. Phytomed 2020, 9 (1), 213 - 7.
Kidney ailments have increased several folds in the last two decades. Kidney stones are one of the most common urinary tract problems to be found. It has been associated with increased risk of renal failure if not treated in the early stages. Kidney stones are well known as renal calculus. They are mainly composed of minerals like calcium oxalate. An interaction with the local practitioners in Raigad district of Maharashtra, India revealed that several plant species are being used as lithotriptic agents. A simple technique has been designed to evaluate the lithotriptic activity of extracts of leaves of Bauhinia purpurea L., seeds of Celosia argentea L. and seeds of Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc. Cystoliths and raphides which are aggregation of minerals are used as target minerals and their dissolution by the extracts of these plants are used as technique for evaluating the efficacy of these plants as lithotriptic agents.
4 tables, 7 ref
YADAV N, PAL A, MANDHANIA S, YADAV P, BHUSHAN B, SAHARAN V
047477 YADAV N, PAL A, MANDHANIA S, YADAV P, BHUSHAN B, SAHARAN V (Biochemistry Dep, CS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar - 125 004, Email: ajaydrdo@rediffmail.com) : Extraction kinetics of phenolic compounds from jamun (Syzygium cumini L.) seeds: A statistical approach. Ann. Phytomed 2020, 9 (1), 154 - 61.
A process protocol for the extraction of phenolic compounds from jamun seeds was optimized using ?onefactor - at - a - time? followed by response surface methodology (RSM) approach. Initial solvent screening experiments proved 50% acetone at the ratio of 30:1 (solvent:solid, ml:g) suitable for efficient extraction of phenolics. Amount of phenolics marginally increased when the temperature was raised from 30 to 50?C followed by a decrease at higher temperatures. The application of RSM showed that volume of solvent and agitation rate exhibited linear and interactive positive effects at 1% level of significance. Finally, the process was numerically optimized with the constraint of ?minimum? volume of extractant and optimized conditions were: 25 ml/g volume of solvent (50% acetone), 193 rpm agitation rate and 150 min extraction time with the desirability of ~88%. Additionally, four fatty acids namely linoleic (72.17%), oleic (13.88%), palmitic (7.91%) and stearic (6.03%) acid were identified and quantified in the final extract. Results of the investigation favor the potential of jamun seed extract as a dietary source of phenolic compounds and ? - 6 fatty acid (linoleic acid).
4 illus, 3 tables, 35 ref
NGUYEN M P
047473 NGUYEN M P (Ho Chi Minh City Open Univ, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Email: minh.np@ou.edu.vn) : Processing of dragon fruit beverage by acoustic treatment. Ann. Phytomed 2020, 9 (1), 129 - 32.
Dragon fruit is being prevailed globally because of its rich source of polyphenolic components and its antioxidant activities contributing to chemo - protective properties that is beneficial for human health. Our research penetrated on the utilization of acoustic treatment on dragon fruit mash to produce beverage. Different parameters of acoustic power are (300, 350, 400, 450, 500 W), treatment duration (3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0 min), treatment temperature (35, 45, 55, 65, 75?C). Our results showed that acoustic power at 450 W in 4.5 min at 55?C had significant effect on the juice extraction recovery, vitamin C, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and organoleptic property of dragon fruit beverage. This finding gave a basic foundation for factual manufacturing in industrial scale. There is a possibility to enhance the added value of dragon fruit as well as contribute to the poverty reduction and hunger elimination for farmers in Vietnam.
3 tables, 39 ref
TANWAR D, SHARMA N, SHARMA N, PRUSTY P K
047472 TANWAR D, SHARMA N, SHARMA N, PRUSTY P K (Basic Sciences Dep, r. Y. S. Parmar Univ of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni - Solan - 173 223, Himachal Pradesh, Email: sharma.nisha11685@gmail.com) : Isolation and screening of fungi from rotten wood for various hydrolytic enzymes production. Ann. Phytomed 2020, 9 (1), 122 - 8.
In the present study, rotten wood samples were collected from different sites of Solan, Shimla, Sirmour, Kangra and Chamba districts of Himachal Pradesh and 52 fungal isolates were isolated. Out of 52 fungal strains, 25 isolates were found to be positive for laccase activity, 31 isolates showed cellulase activity, out of which maximum zone size was observed. Ligninolytic fungal isolates exhibited multiple hydrolytic enzyme activity of laccase, cellulase and xylanase and different strains were selected on the basis of highest zone of hydrolysis surrounding fungal colonies. In case of quantitative screening, maximum laccase production was observed in S7 (1.22 IU/ml) where as S5 obtained maximum cellulase of 0.793 IU/ml and SH5 produced appreciable amount of xylanase (8.09 IU/ml).
7 illus, 4 tables, 25 ref
JABBOROVA D, ANNAPURNA K, FAYZULLAEVA M, SULAYMONOV K, KADIROVA D, JABBAROV Z, SAYYED R Z
047471 JABBOROVA D, ANNAPURNA K, FAYZULLAEVA M, SULAYMONOV K, KADIROVA D, JABBAROV Z, SAYYED R Z (Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Email: dilfuzajabborova@yahoo.com) : Isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria from ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.). Ann. Phytomed 2020, 9 (1), 116 - 21.
The present investigation was aimed to isolate and characterize endophytic bacteria from Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) plant with salt tolerance, antifungal activity, and plant growth - promoting traits. A total of 15 endophytic bacteria were isolated from ginger by standard microbiological culture methods. Nine endophytic bacterial isolates (GS1, GS2, GS3, GS4, GS6, GS7, GS8, GS9, and GS11) showed salt tolerance up to 10% Na Cl concentration. Six isolates showed salt tolerance up to 7 - 8% Na Cl concentrations. Studies on plant growth - promoting activity suggested that four endophytic bacterial isolates (GS2, GS5, GS8, and GS10) were positive for IAA production, siderophore production, and phosphate solubilization activity. All the endophytic bacterial isolates were screened for the production of enzymes. The result of the study revealed that maximum isolates have positive protease activity and this was followed by lipase and cellulase activities. While studying the antifungal activity of the bacterial isolates, it was determined that eight isolates showed antifungal activities against fungal strains F. globosum 905 and F. graminearium 611. Four endophytic bacterial isolates (GS4, GS6, GS8, and GS9) had antifungal activity against several fungal strains. The results indicated that endophytic bacteria were isolated from ginger with salt - tolerant and plant growth - promoting activities that were reported, that could be used as inoculants to establish a sustainable ginger production system.
2 illus, 4 tables, 36 ref
NGUYEN M P
047470 NGUYEN M P (Ho Chi Minh City Open Univ, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Email: minh.np@ou.edu.vn) : Efficacy of some variables of extraction to the total phenolic and flavonoid content in young mango (Mangifera indica L.) leaf. Ann. Phytomed 2020, 9 (1), 113 - 5.
Extract from mango (Mangifera indica L.) leaves has different antioxidant, anti - inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Tea prepared from M. indica leaves has a great potential as sources of mangiferin. Our research investigated the effectiveness of ethanol concentration, extraction duration and temperature to the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) in young mango leaves. Our results showed that all extractions had significant effect on the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) in this valuable herbal source. The optimal parameters were noticed at 60% ethanol for 75 min at 55?C to get the highest TPC and TFC. This finding gave a basic foundation for further experiments in production of instant soluble forms originated from this therapeutic leaf.
3 tables, 22 ref
SHAILAJA A, SRINATH M, BINDU B B V, GIRI C C
047468 SHAILAJA A, SRINATH M, BINDU B B V, GIRI C C (Osmania Univ, Hyderabad - 500 007, Telangana, Email: giriccin@yahoo.co.in) : Innovative technique for rapid in vitro multiplication of rootless shoots in Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f) Nees: A plant with immense pharmaceutical value. Ann. Phytomed 2020, 9 (1), 98 - 106.
Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f) Nees is a treasured medicinal plant having higher amounts of its principal bioactive compound andrographolide in leaves. In the present study, a novel and rapid in vitro propagation technique has been developed for rootless shoot cultures in A. paniculata by evaluating different culture techniques. Rootless shoot cultures were optimally cultivated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid/solid medium, supplemented with 2 mg l - 1 benzylaminopurine. Various techniques such as only liquid media, liquid media over blotting paper, liquid media on cotton block, and solid media were evaluated for fast multiplication of A. paniculata rootless shoots. Amongst the culture techniques evaluated, a maximum of 131.66 ? 11.98 shoots were obtained in liquid medium over blotting paper method after 21 days of culture. The liquid culture technique facilitated shoot multiplication frequency up to 71.66 ? 8.1. The liquid medium over blotting paper technique for multiplication of shoots was found the best as compared to other methods evaluated. HPLC analysis in these four techniques revealed that, the shoots grown in liquid media promoted highest andrographolide accumulation of (4.0 % DW) compared to culture of shoots in solid media normally practiced. The evaluation of different culture techniques revealed the efficacy of culture methods for rapid propagation of A. paniculata as a constant source of this elite plant material.
8 illus, 7 tables, 54 ref
PRIYA S M, INDHU S, KALAISELVI R, WARRIER R R
047461 PRIYA S M, INDHU S, KALAISELVI R, WARRIER R R (Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding (IFGTB), Coimbatore - 641002, Tamil Nadu, Email: rekhawarrier@gmail.com) : Agrobacterium - mediated transformation in medicinal trees. Ann. Phytomed 2020, 9 (1), 27 - 31.
Plant transformation relies on the bacteria Agrobacterium which has the potential to transfer genes of interest into a desired plant. The most commonly used species are A. tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes. This approach is convenient, especially in tree species, as conventional breeding takes a long time. It also helps to overcome other associated problems such as juvenility, heterozygosity, and incompatibility. The present review brings together research on Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation in various medicinally important trees for production of secondary metabolites. Mostly the Agrobacterium mediated transformation aims at production of secondary metabolites in medicinal trees like Azadirachta indica, Semecarpus anacardium and Gmelina arborea, etc. More recent technologies are available with greater potential for gene manipulation. But they require an efficient transient transformation phase and successful regeneration protocols which is the key to future application of advanced technologies for improvement of medicinal trees.
1 illus, 1 table, 36 ref
ALI A
047459 ALI A (Life Sciences Dep, Mumbai Univ, Santacruz (East), Mumbai - 400 098, Maharashtra, Email: ahmadali@mu.ac.in) : Herbs that heal: The philanthropic behaviour of nature. Ann. Phytomed 2020, 9 (1), 007 - 17.
The ancient world practically depended on herbal sources of medicines to treat common as well as chronic diseases. Till now, over 80 % population in the developing and under developed countries depend on plant materials for the same. Many claims have been justified about the efficacy of modern medicines; it is interesting to know that most of them are derived from plants. The common herbs and spices are exploited by the existing herbal branches of medicines to prepare potential drugs. Occasionally, it also uses rare species of medicinal plants, native to specific climate or region. The screening of new and rare plant species is required to improve the scope of pharmacological alternatives. However, the common herbs and spices provide a more practical, productive as well as a feasible source of medicine. Hence, the current review describes the medicinal benefits of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) and celery (Apium graveolens L.) seeds, and chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) roots. They are not only commonly available but are loaded with essential nutrients that promote overall health and boosts immunity.
3 illus, 3 tables, 133 ref
CHHALGRI M A, KHAN M T, NIZAMANI G S, YASMEEN S, KHAN I A
047330 CHHALGRI M A, KHAN M T, NIZAMANI G S, YASMEEN S, KHAN I A (Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA), Tando Jam - Pakistan, Email: nizamanigs@gmail.com) : Effect of plant growth hormones on shoot and root regeneration in rose under in vitro conditions. Adv life Sci 2020, 8(1), 93 - 7.
Rose is a commercially important shrub. This research aimed to observe the influence of different plant growth hormones on development of shoots and roots of Rosa Indica L. in tissue culture. Various concentrations of N6 - Benzylaminopurine (BAP), 1 - Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), Indole - 3 - acetic acid (IAA), and Indole - 3 - butyric acid (IBA) were used in the study. The different concentrations of BAP (2.00, 3.00, and 4.00 mg l - 1) and IAA (2.00 and 3.00 mg l - 1) were tested for shoot induction. While varying concentrations of IAA and IBA were analyzed for root proliferation. The results of the study indicated that the fastest shoot initiation (17.77 days), the highest number of shoots bottle - 1 (3.55), the maximum shoot length (4.72 cm), and the utmost number of leaves bottle - 1 (53.67) were observed on MS media containing 3.00 mg l - 1 BAP, 3.00 mg l - 1 IAA, and 30 g l - 1 sugar, while the highest number of shoots bottle - 1 were produced under MS + 2.00 mg l - 1 BAP + 3.00 mg l - 1 IAA + 30 g l - 1 sugar. Regarding root induction, the maximum number of roots (4.67) and root length (2.60 cm) were observed under half strength MS media supplemented with 30 g l - 1 sugar. The study suggested that MS media containing 3.00 mg l - 1 BAP and IAA could be used for tissue culturing rose plants. For root induction, half - strength MS media, along with sugar, could be used. The study gives an insight into potential media compositions for the propagation of rose. The suggested media can have promising uses in commercial multiplication of this important plant.
1 illus, 2 tables, 34 ref
ASMARI K M A, ZEID I M A, ATTAR A M A
047327 ASMARI K M A, ZEID I M A, ATTAR A M A (Biological Sciences Dep, King Abdulaziz Univ, Jeddah - Saudi Arabia, Email: khalid19791984@gmail.com) : Medicinal properties of arabica coffee (Coffea arabica ) oil: An overview. Adv life Sci 2020, 8(1), 20-Sep.
Coffee is one of the massive tropical crops in developing countries and historically understudied in subjects of crop nutrition and administration. Arabian coffee (Coffea arabica) plant belongs to the genus Coffea in the Rubiaceae family. It is known as the most widely recognized Coffea species created comprehensively summing up to over 75 % of the all - out Coffea creation. Its compounds are a complex mixture of different chemicals that have many health benefits. The usage of various parts of a coffee plant, along with its oil is verified for the manufacturing of ancient medicines that helped in curing a number of ailments. These traditional uses were scientifically proven by many studies including psychoactive responses, neurological and metabolic disorders. Coffee oil consists mainly of triglycerol and fatty acids along with antioxidants. It also possesses some biologically active fatty acids that are anti - cancerous, anti - inflammatory, anti - bacterial, anti - diabetic and antiatherosclerotic in nature. This paper provides the medicinal properties and scientific review of Arabica coffee oil.
8 illus, 1 table, 110 ref
KHAN I H, JAVAID A
047319 KHAN I H, JAVAID A (Univ of the Punjab, Lahore - Pakistan, Email: iqrahaider_khan@yahoo.com) : Anticancer, antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds of quinoa inflorescence. Adv life Sci 2020, 8(1), 68 - 72.
Chenopodium quinoa is a newly introduced drought resistant crop in Pakistan. Studies regarding the efficacy of bioactive compounds present in this plant are scarce. Therefore, the current investigation was carried out to identify the antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer compounds present in ethyl acetate fraction of methanolic extract of inflorescence of C. quinoa. Dry powdered inflorescence of the test plant was macerated with methanol and partitioned through different organic solvents on the basis of increase in polarities beginning with n - hexane followed by chloroform and ethyl acetate. GC - MS analysis was performed for the identification of bioactive constituents present in ethyl acetate fraction. The GC - MS analysis revealed the presence of 15 different phytochemicals. Among these, 1,2 - benzedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester (15); 9,12 - octadecadienoic_acid - (Z,Z) (13); 8,11 - octadecadienoic_acid, methyl ester (12); hexacosanoic acid, methyl - ester (11); hexadecenoic acid,2 - hydroxy - 1 - (hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester (14); n - hexadecanoic acid (10); hexadecenoic - acid, methyl ester (8); 2 - propenoic acid,3 - [4 - (acetyloxy) - 3 - methoxyphenyl] - , methyl ester (7); 1,6,10,14,18,22 - tetracosahexaen - 3 - ol,2,6,10,15,19,23 - hexamethyl - ,(all - E) - (9) and undecane (1) were present in moderate to abundant concentrations. Biological activities of the identified compounds were searched in the previous literature. The present study concluded that ethyl acetate fraction of methanolic extract of the inflorescence of C. quinoa contains a diverse range of potent bioactive constituents with antimicrobial, antifungal, antibacterial, cancer preventive, anti - inflammatory and cytotoxic properties.
2 illus, 2 tables, 34 ref
KHAN S, NOOR F, SOHAIL I, IMTIAZ S, ANUM F, SARMAD S, KABEER S, RAZA S
047318 KHAN S, NOOR F, SOHAIL I, IMTIAZ S, ANUM F, SARMAD S, KABEER S, RAZA S (Lahore Garrison Univ, Pakistan, Email: sairakhan965@hotmail.com) : Hepatoprotective role of fruit extract of Terminalia arjuna in acetaminophen intoxicated mice. Adv life Sci 2020, 8(1), 63 - 7.
Liver injury and dysfunction is one of the major health concerns throughout the world. Several herbal formulations are reported to exert beneficial effects on the biochemistry of the liver. Therefore, the current project is conducted to evaluate the hepatocurative and hepatoprotective potential of Terminalia arjuna by using albino mice. The fruit extract (400 mg/Kg) of the plant showed hepatoprotective effects upon pre - treatment for 5, 10 and 15 days and later challenged with acetaminophen (400 mg/Kg) for 3 days. The results showed substantial protective properties as there was comparatively less damage to the liver. Furthermore, the fruit extract of T. arjuna also exhibited hepatocurative effects when animals were given acetaminophen (400 mg/Kg) for 3 days to damage the liver followed by the treatment with the plant extract (400 mg/Kg) for 5, 10 and 15 days. The results also indicated hepatocurative activities, as the elevated serum levels of hepatic enzymes were inclining to normal ranges in a time - dependent manner. In conclusion, the fruit extract of T. arjuna possesses hepatoprotective plus hepatocurative activities.
1 illus, 1 table, 40 ref
NAHEED R, ARFAN M, FARHAT F, IJAZ S, KHALID H
047317 NAHEED R, ARFAN M, FARHAT F, IJAZ S, KHALID H (Botany Dep, Government Coll Women Univ, Faisalabad - Pakistan, Email: foziafarhat@gcwuf.edu.pk) : Acclimatization of drought tolerance with Somaclonal variants of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). Adv life Sci 2020, 8(1), 57 - 62.
Sugarcane is basically a water loving crop and scarcity of water is not only affecting its overall production but its total sugar contents as well. Somaclonal variation is an intriguing phenomenon to study various genetic and cellular mechanism under in vitro conditions. The induction of somaclonal variation generates useful variability without sexual reproduction in sugarcane. CPF - 248, a drought sensitive variety was used to induce stress tolerance using somaclonal variation approach. Various combinations of callogenesis and regeneration media were used to induce soma clonal variations. The plants, thus achieved, were subjected to drought selection pressure using different concentrations of PEG, the selected plants were referred as in vitro selected putative somaclonal variants 1 & 2 (IPSV1 & IPSV2). These two plants were then subjected to acclimatize under greenhouse conditions by planting them in soil filled plastic pots. The in vitro grown seedlings named as in vitro selected putative somaclonal variants along with parent plants were subjected to drought conditions by withholding watering for 8 days. After 10 days of treatment, data for photosynthetic and biochemical attributes were recorded and subjected to comparison. The activity of antioxidants enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate and carotenoid contents was analyzed using standard protocols. A significant increase in chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid contents were recorded in IPSV1 and IPSV2 compared to parent genotype. Antioxidant enzymes (SOD, APX, CAT, POD) also increased significantly in somaclonal variants and displayed tolerance under drought condition. Moreover, osmotic adjustment was observed in the form of higher rate of total free amino acid and proline contents in both somaclonal variants. The finding suggests that sugarcane (CPF - 248) somaclones generated through tissue culture approach are found to be drought tolerant with improved photosynthesis and antioxidant response. Further, somaclonal variant IPSVI, exhibited better response than other variant (IPSV2).
4 illus, 1 table, 44 ref
TARIQ A, AFRASIAB H, FARHAT F
047316 TARIQ A, AFRASIAB H, FARHAT F (Govt. Coll Women Univ, Faisalabad - Pakistan, Email: arneebtariq@gcwuf.edu.pk) : In vitro Micropropagation of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad: an endangered medicinal plant. Adv life Sci 2020, 8(1), 52 - 6.
The experiment describes the establishment of in vitro conditions for seed germination, micropropagation, callogenesis, organogenesis and acclimatization of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad, of family Cucurbitaceae. In vitro grown seedlings from decontaminated seeds were micropropagated in basal MS medium at 23?2oC temperature and light intensity of 3000 Lux for 16 hours in culture room. In vitro grown nodal explants were supplemented with BAP (6 - Benzylaminopurine) and NAA (Naphthalene acetic acid) with basal MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium to induce multiple shoots. Indole butyric acid (IBA; 0.1 to 2.0 mg/L) was supplemented to MS medium to develop roots of micropropagated shoots. Internodes and leaves of micropropagated shoots used to induce callus in MS medium enriched with varying concentration of 2, 4 - dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4 D; 0 to 2.0mg/L) and kinetin (KIN; 0 to 1.0mg/L). Shoot initiation from callus was tested by adding 2, 4 - D (0.1 to 2.0 mg/L) and BAP (1.0 to 1.5 mg/L) in basal MS medium. Conditions were carefully monitored during the experiment. After hardening, the micropropagated plantlets were placed in open filed environment in pots filled with sand and peat moss (3:1). Surface sterilized seeds of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) showed 100 % germination in regulator free medium. Significantly mature shoots (75 %) from nodal explant recorded in BAP (2.0 mg/L) and NAA (1.0 mg/L) augmented MS medium. Highest number (90 %) of roots per shoot explant were observed in IBA (2.0 mg/L). Leaf explants showed better response to form callus with a combination of 2, 4 - D (1.0 mg/L) and KIN (1.0 mg/L) and further rise in 2, 4 - D concentration caused a sharp decrease in callus formation. Shoot induction from callus cultures observed in MS medium containing 2, 4 - D (2.0 mg/L) and BAP (1.5 mg/L), producing an average of 10 shoots per culture. Plants were effectively transplanted in open environment with survival rate of 85 %. Results indicate the successful establishment of the growth room conditions for in vitro micropropagation of the endangered medicinal plant, Citrullus colocynthis.
3 illus, 4 table, 37 ref
MAHAKHODE R H, JACHAK R A
047312 MAHAKHODE R H, JACHAK R A (Botany Dep, S. K. Porwal Coll, Nagpur) : Effect of paraquat on rhizosphere mycoflora of psoralea corylifolia. Bioinfolet 2020, 17 (3 B), 512 - 3.
The present study was undertaken to study the effect of paraquat on rhizospheric mycoflora of Psoralea corylifolia. The rhizosphere colonies/gram of soil were 19, 10 and 6 due to the treatment with 100, 200 and 400 ppm concentrations of paraquat respectively, as against 52 colonies /gram from control or untreated soil. The rhizoplane mycoflora revealed 12, 9 and 7 colonies / gram respectively at these concentrations, against 15 colonies/gram in control
1 table, 4 ref
YADAV A M, KALBANDE B B
047303 YADAV A M, KALBANDE B B (Botany Dep, Nabira Mahavidyalaya, Katol) : A new petrified unilocular capsular fruit Valvulocarpon mohgaonse Gen. ET. SP. nov. from Deccan Intertrappean beds of Mohgaonkalan, M.P., India. Bioinfolet 2020, 17 (3 B), 485 - 90.
A fossil fruit specimen was collected from fossiliferous locality of Mohgaonkalan in Chhindwara District of Madhya Pradesh. The present fruit is unilocular capsule with single seed. Pericarp is differentiated into epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp. Pericarp dehisces from two valves. Seed is bitegmic and differentiated into testa and tegmen, single seed lies inside the locule, embryo is not preserved. It does not show resemblance with fossil fruits reported earlier, as well as those of the living families. So it is named as Valvulocarpon mohgaonse gen.et sp.nov. The generic name is given after dehiscence pattern of fruit through the valves and specific name is given after the locality Mohgaonkalan.
19 ref
UKEY R W
047301 UKEY R W (Botany Dep, Shri Shiwaji Arts, commerce and Science Coll, Buldhana - 443 103) : Further study on Sahnianthus from Deccan Intertrappean beds of Chindwara District of Madhya Pradesh, India . Bioinfolet 2020, 17 (3 B), 478 - 82.
From two chert specimens collected from Bhutera and Mohgaonkalan of Chhindwara district of Madhya Pradesh, India, four flowers have been described. After comparison with the flowers reported from Deccan Inertrappean beds, it was observed that these flowers showed close similarities with Sahnianthus parijai hence, they are kept under the same genus as Sahnianthus chhindwarai sp. nov. The specific name has been given after the localities.
5 illus, 19 ref
PARASHAR R, RIZVI G, SINHA P
047278 PARASHAR R, RIZVI G, SINHA P (Botany Dep, Bundelkhand Univ, Jhansi - 284 128, Uttar Pradesh, Email: roopam.parashar30@gmail.com) : Diversity of rhizospheric mycoflora in Bundelkhand agro - climatic zone of Uttar Pradesh. Crop Res 2020, 61 (5 & 6), 287 - 92.
Soil is the major component of earth?s ecosystem which comprises of, minerals, gases, organic matter and large numbers of living organism (macro and microorganisms). The microorganism?s population is extensively responsible in regulating and developing plant growth. The study was conducted during 2017 to 2019 at Department of Botany, Institute of Basic Sciences, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi attempted to explore the diversity among mycoflora in the soil samples collected from different villages of Banda and Mahoba districts of Uttar Pradesh, India. A total of twenty - eight fungal species belonging to 15 genera were isolated from collected soil samples from chickpea fields. Mycoflora were isolated by using serial soil dilution technique on potato dextrose agar media (PDA). Five species of Aspergillus (Aspergillus candidus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigates, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae), five species of Trichoderma (Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma koningii, Trichoderma pseudokoningii, Trichoderma variance and Trichoderma viride), three species of Fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris and Fusarium solani) and two species of Penicillium (Penicillium citrium and Penicillium chrysogenum ) were most dominant among all the genera isolated.
7 illus, 1 table, 19 ref
SAIKIA C K, SINGHA D N, HANDIQUE A K
047275 SAIKIA C K, SINGHA D N, HANDIQUE A K (Botany Dep, Tongla Coll, Tongla - 784521, Assam, Email: ahandique03@yahoo.in) : Evaluation of nutritive and nutraceutical value of wild nonconventional leafy herbs in Assam, North East India. Crop Res 2020, 58 (5 & 6), 268 - 75.
In recent times, there is increasing interest in lesser known, under - utilised food plants. Assam and N. E. India is known for hundreds of such plants and not much is known about them particularly their nutritive values. Therefore, the present study was carried out to evaluate the basic nutritional parameters, dietary antioxidants and in vitro antioxidant activity of five wild non - conventional leafy vegetables traditionally consumed by the indigenous people as supplement to staple food. The species studied were Polygonum perfoliatum, Sphenoclea zeylanica, Ludwigia adscendens, Oenanthera javanica and Alternanthera philoxeroids. Except P. perfoliatum, the others are semi - aquatic or aquatic. Results revealed that crude protein content varied from 15.64 to 28.38 %. Total carbohydrates content was low, in the range of 7.9 to 15.33%, so also, lipid varied from 2.01 to 3.44 %. Crude fibre and ash contents were impressive, the variation ranging between 13.41 to 25.36 % and 7.42 to 19.37 %, respectively. Free amino acid contents were high in the range of 3.21 to 10.25 mg/g. Dietary antioxidants were assessed in terms of phenolics and flavonoids, their range of variation being 3.12 to 5.20 mg GAE/g and 2.83 to 3.50 mg RE/g, respectively. In - vitro antioxidant activity based on DPPH reduction exhibited promising result with IC50 value varying from 3.84 to 1.08 mg/mL. The present study reinforces the emerging reports that lesser known, non - conventional leafy vegetables are promising with respect to nutritive and nutraceutical values and can contribute to combating malnutrition particularly for protein, minerals and crude fibre.
2 illus, 2 tables, 31 ref
SHARMA R, BHANDARI B S, KUMARI S, FALSWAL A
001549 SHARMA R, BHANDARI B S, KUMARI S, FALSWAL A (Botany and Microbiology Dep, HNB Garhwal Univ, Garhwal- 246 174, Uttarakhnad, Email: ruchikasharma0505@gmail.com) : Impact of Rishikesh-Karanprayag railway line on the agroecosystem of Maletha village of Garhwal Himalaya. Environ Conserv J 2021, 22(1&2), 6-11.
Uttarakhand is a newly incepted state, geographically and culturally distinct from the plains and is the prime destination
of tourists not only from India but also from different parts of the globe. Railways in Uttarakhand will certainly play a
crucial role in the development of the state. Ministry of Railways of India has launched and initiated a project to connect
the Char dhams of the state which will surely prove a landmark in the developmental feat of the state but development
and modernization at the cost of disturbing the ecosystem in general and agricultural ecosystem in particular will create
an imbalance in the livelihood of the people who by and large depend on agriculture economy. The present study was
carried out in an agriculturally rich medium sized village of Uttarakhand. The survey reveal that climatic and
geographical conditions of the village are suitable for the cultivation of large number of vegetables, fruits, cereals, millets,
pulses and fodder plants supporting the livelihood of the natives. Land acquisition would have a negative impact on the
socio-economic condition of the farmers as well as on the traditional crop diversity of the area as the railway project
covers most of the fertile land. Thus, for reducing the havoc in the lives of the villagers government should provide land
as an exchange as most of the population is agriculture dependent and at the same time degradation should be viewed
with long-term vision.
1 table, 32 ref
ROSARIO C J, RANI M A S, JOSEPH S
001527 ROSARIO C J, RANI M A S, JOSEPH S (Botany Dep, Nirmala College for Women, Coimbatore- 641018, Tamil Nadu, Email: arulsheeba582@gmail.com) : Biological evaluation and methods of cultivation practices of selected oyster mushroom using different substrates in Nirmala College Campus, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Bull Pure Appl Sci Sec B 2021, 40B (2), 63-9.
Mushrooms are fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a kind of fungus. There is a vast variety of mushroom with various qualities; some are edible, which is a rich, low-calorie source of fiber, protein and anti-oxidants. It is done to study the cultivation methods of Pleurotus (Oyster mushroom) and to study the compost preparation and their utilization for cultivation of Pleurotus (Oyster mushroom). The spawn seeds were purchased from the seed processing laboratory and grown in in- vitro conditions for propagation. Every month by using paddy straw as substrate the spawn seeds were grown in polythene bags for the cultivation of Oyster mushrooms. Mushrooms are on the top in regard to taste, smell, proteins and medicinal qualities in food items. They have potential antiinflammatory, hyperglycaemic and hypo cholesterolemic effects. Thus, the present study aims to focus mainly on the spawn preparation and cultivation of Oyster mushrooms using different substrates. By the project high yield was got in the month of January, about 7 Kg of mushroom from 15 bags. The present study deals with the Methods of cultivation and biological evaluation of selected oyster mushroom using different substrates and spawn preparation, in Nirmala College Campus, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu. The yield was gradually decreasing from January to June, in the month of June no yield was obtained from 2 bags. Mushroom cultivation gives proper growth and high yield only when it is maintained with optimum conditions with proper care and suitable substrate.
7 illus, 1 table, 13 ref
RAJBHOJ B G
001525 RAJBHOJ B G (Botany Dep, Sundarrao More Arts Commerce and Science Coll, Poladpur Raigad- 402303, Maharashtra, Email: drbalajirajbhoj81@gmail.com) : HPTLC fingerprint profile of leaf extracts of Pongamia pinnata (l.) pierre. Bull Pure Appl Sci Sec B 2021, 40B (2), 50-5.
Thin layer chromatography which involves separation of different components, HPTLC is help in better resolution of compounds with lower limits of detection and quantifies separated components with the use of an integrated software platform. Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre is a Fabaceae tree from family Papilionaceae found in this region, all plant parts such as root leaves and stem flower and seeds used in traditional medicine. Leaves are also having medicinal properties. Attempts have been made to study complete profile of leaf extract by using High performance thin layer chromatography. The densitometric analysis shows fingerprinting, RF value, peaks of densitogram and chemical variation, this technique is useful for drug identification, adulteration, and also acts as biomarker in plant industry.
5 illus, 1 table, 17 ref
KHUJANOV A N
001524 KHUJANOV A N (Chirchik State Pedagogical Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Email: plant_2018@mail.ru) : Modelling of potential distribution of helichrysum nuratavicum krasch (asteraceae) in Uzbekistan. Bull Pure Appl Sci Sec B 2021, 40B (2), 44-9.
The strong impact of climate change on the distribution of plant species on Earth is currently of great interest in the field of biogeography. In this research work, the endemic Helichrysum nuratavicum plant from the flora of Uzbekistan was selected to be studied. For current and future climatic scenarios for H. nuratavicum, the real and potential areal was assessed based on high-precision environmental data, geographical distribution, ecology, data of the National Herbarium of Uzbekistan (TASH) and the results of scientific field research, annual precipitation and average temperature ratios using Diva-GIS, Maxent program. In this case, the distribution was assessed on the basis of environmental factors, and the areas with the most optimal conditions were predicted according to climate change scenarios, the distribution of the species rcp 8.5. Based on the climatic scenario, and also the maps representing the distribution of the species were created. The results of our research have shown that areas with an optimal climatic index of the geographical area of the species will expand to the south in all future scenarios.
2 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref
YADAV V K, JHA R K, KAUSHIK P
001496 YADAV V K, JHA R K, KAUSHIK P (Botany Dep, Ranchi Univ, Ranchi- 834 001, Jharkhand) : Biochemical composition of potato biowaste of popular North Indian cultivars. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2021, 58(1), 100-4.
Potato is among the top processed vegetables, and its demand is continuously on the rise. Moreover, by the unit that peels are produced, significant issues associated with managing substantial volumes of solvents, impractical astounding scale drying out functions, in addition to lowering capital expenses render these remedies unfeasible. Additionally, isolation of helpful metabolites from potato are bound on the usage authorized as food quality applications. The current study's objective was to estimate the peel biochemical composition of potato cultivars suitable for cultivation in the Ranch district of Jharkhand state in India. The highest amount of chlorogenic acid (1.13 mg/g FW) and dry matter (17.90%) was determined in the variety Kufri Sindhuri. The chlorogenic acid content and the peel dry matter were determined to be significantly correlated with each other. The highest value for the phenolic content of the potato peel was determined for the variety Kufri Lalima. Simultaneously, the reducing sugars were most elevated in the peel of variety Kufri Pukhraj and starch content in the peel of variety Kufri Purkhraj. Overall, our work highlights the biochemical composition of potato peel and this information can be targeted on the potential usage of potato peel usage for industrial products formulation.
2 illus, 1 table, 26 ref
CHATTERJEE S, DE M
001381 CHATTERJEE S, DE M (Botany Dep, Gurudas Coll, Kolkata- 700 054, Email: mitude@rediffmail.com) : Initial apprehensions about online classes at the start of the lockdown in 2020 and present status: A student - teacher perspective. Harvest 2021, 6(1), 66-72.
An important consequence of the pandemic resulted in universities to carry out their academic activities with students exclusively online. The sudden lockdown that was clamped nationwide in March 2020 came as a surprise. The lockdown in India have made online classrooms the primary source of educational instruction for students of all ages. There was apprehension regarding the online mode of teaching – learning. In this paper the initial apprehensions from both the teacher and students‘ perspective would be discussed.
30 ref
DE M, BHUNIA P, CHAKRABORTY P, MAHATO M K, BASU I
001380 DE M, BHUNIA P, CHAKRABORTY P, MAHATO M K, BASU I (Botany Dep, Gurudas Coll, Kolkata-54, Email: mitude@rediffmail.com) : Learning styles among students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Harvest 2021, 6(1), 58-65.
Learning styles make the framework through which learners acquire knowledge and use their preferred approaches to process information in order to learn successfully. Like everyone who has their own preferred learning style individuals with autism have their own preferred learning style too. As autism is a communication disorder the special educators must be mindful of this fact and think of different way as to ascertain the learning styles of their autistic students.
2 tables, 13 ref
BHOWMICK A, PAHARI G K, DE M
001378 BHOWMICK A, PAHARI G K, DE M (Botany Dep, Gurudas Coll, Kolkata- 700 054, Email: mitude@rediffmail.com) : Tea in the times of covid-19: Findings from a student project. Harvest 2021, 6(1), 42-7.
After water, tea is the most widely consumed beverage in the world. There are different types of tea which are primarily due to how leaves are processed after they are picked Tea infusion is rich in polyphenols; epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and theaflavin (TF). Though the year 2020 saw the tea production and export touch a nadir as corona virus pandemic swept the country disrupting all activities there has been a slow increase in tea production in recent times. The antimicrobial qualities of tea could be the reason for increase in the consumption of tea in the times of Covid-19. During the lockdown in 2020 & 202 some states in India have exempted the tea industry from lockdown. Special Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) guidelines for Tea Sector during COVID-19 Pandemic have been issued.
9 ref
JAHAN M, JEYA RATHI J, KUMAR M, SANTHOSH S
001249 JAHAN M, JEYA RATHI J, KUMAR M, SANTHOSH S (Botany Dep, Madras Christian Coll, East Tambaram, Chennai) : Preliminary analysis of fungal macroflora in Madras Christian college vegetation and ecological aspect. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S1, 292-6.
The present study deals with the mushroom vegetation in rainy season of Madras Christian College campus. For the study, belt transect quadrant method is applied. The recorded quadrant sampling value leads to occurrence of 41 mushrooms, their frequency percentage (28.78 %), abundance (10.23), density (3.1), evenness, Simpsons Index and Shannon - Weiner Index were studied. The values of frequency, abundance and density were calculated using Raunkiaer’s formulae. The study of abiotic factors like temperature, pH, soil texture etc, was also carried out. It has been concluded that the type of mushroom vegetation is heterogenous. Thus, the present study shows moderate mushroom diversity.
3 tables, 8 ref
SHARMA V
001240 SHARMA V (Botany Dep, Post Graduate Government Coll for Girls, Chandigarh) : Micropropagation of therapeutically important swarna Jibanti (Coelogyne cristata Lindl.) through pseudobulb segments-A study in vitro. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S1, 229-34.
Presently, an efficient protocol for micropropagation using the pseudobulb derived from in vivo plants of Coelogyne cristata Lindl was developed. The regeneration competence of the pseudobulb segments was markedly influenced by physiological age of the mother plant, position on donor axis and the nutrient regime. Juvenility of the tissues emerged as the important factor in inducing cell proliferations, as the explants from well developed pseudobulb remained recalcitrant to regeneration, whereas regeneration in the freshly formed pseudobulbs was obligatory to the exogenous application of cytokinin in dose double to auxin (10.25±0.25), which multiplied through budding. The pure-line stability of regenerants was confirmed at chromosome level (2n=38 ). The well rooted regenerated plantlets were acclimatized successfully in the potting mixture containing moss, pinebark, brick pieces(5-7mm size) and charcoal pieces (1:1:1:1) mixture with 90% survival success.
8 illus, 1 table, 30 ref
Christianto V, Smarandache F
000894 Christianto V, Smarandache F (Malang of Agriculture Institute, Indonesia, Email: victorchristianto@gmail.com) : A review on electroculture, magneticulture and laserculture to boost plant growth. Bull Pure Appl Sci-Sect B 2021, 40B(1), 30-4.
While several reviews on potential applications of electroculture are available, in this survey we discuss these issues from history, starting from earliest experiments by Ross. And in the last section, we discuss possible application of laserculture, another form of potential improvement. It is our hope that what we present here may be found useful for improving agricultural performance in many countries, as well as reducing dependence on fertilizer.
3 illus, 10 ref
Kumar M, Upadhyay S K, Verma P K, Sharma I, Singh R
000893 Kumar M, Upadhyay S K, Verma P K, Sharma I, Singh R (Biotechnology Dep, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be Univ), Haryana, Email: dr.rajsingh09@gmail.com) : Taxonomical and ethnomedicinal studies of Ficus krishnae L.(Dicotyledonae: Moraceae). Bull Pure Appl Sci-Sect B 2021, 40B(1), 24-9.
Ficus krishnae commonly called as ‘Makhan Katori’ is belonging to family Moraceae of class Dicotyledonae known for its cup-shaped leaves. Present study aimed to carried out diversity, distribution and ethnomedicinal values of Ficus krishnae at Forest Research Institute (F.R.I.), Dehradun (Uttarakhand) India. The plant profoundly used in Ayurvedic medicine to cure various diseases such as ulcers, fever, leprosy, vomiting, dysentery, syphilis and inflammation of liver. The roots, stems, leaves, and fruits of F. krishnae has been studied for antibacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects. During investigation, minimum leaf size was recorded 8x7 cm2 however; the maximum size noticed 25x11 cm2. The fig size of F. krishnae ranged between 1 mm to 3 mm.
2 illus, 47 ref
Theertha M, Rani Sr M A S
000892 Theertha M, Rani Sr M A S (Botany Dep, Nirmala for Women Coll, Tamil Nadu, Email: arulsheeba582@gmail.com) : In-vitro anti-diabetic studies and in-vitro anti- inflammatory activity in an underutilised plant Epiphyllum oxypetalum (DC.) hawthorn leaves. Bull Pure Appl Sci-Sect B 2021, 40B(1), 19-23.
Medicinal flora is being utilized in healthcare considering the fact that time immemorial. A number of studies have been accomplished to confirm their efficacy, globally in the manufacturing of plant-based medicines. Medicinal plants play important roles in sickness hindrance and their promotion and use work into all existing prevention strategies. However, acutely aware efforts got to be created to properly identify, recognise and position medicative plants within the style and implementation of those strategies. In the present study, the leaves of Epiphyllum oxypetalum (DC.) Hawthorn has observed in vitro anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activities by treated with methanol solvent.
6 illus, 8 ref
Choudhary R K
000891 Choudhary R K (Botany Dep, R L S Y Coll, Bihar, Email: drrajeshkumar.choudhary9@gmail.com) : The cyto-morphological studies in Physalis minima Linn.. Bull Pure Appl Sci-Sect B 2021, 40B(1), 13-8.
Cyto-morphological studies in a diploid natural population of Physalis minima Linn were done. It was a diploid natural population recorded behind Jal Mandir on Parasnath hills. Qualitative and quantitative parameters were investigated. Ten morphological characters like height of the plant, number of branches per plant, number of branches from main stem, number of nodes, length of internodes, number of heads per plant, length of leaf, breadth of leaf, length/breadth ratio of leaf andlength of petiole were recorded and statistically analyzed. Cytologically, the population showed, gametic number as n= 12. Most of the pollen mother cells were found to be normal; however, some abnormalities were also recorded. Clumping of chromosomes recorded in both meiotic phases i,e. metaphase-I and anaphase-I. Along with it, at metaphase-I, the anomalies recorded as formation of univalents, multivalents and precocious separation of chromosomes. Anaphase-I showed chromosomal laggards, simple chromosomal bridges and unequal separation of chromosomes as anomalies. The half chiasma per chromosome was 0.87. Pollen sterility was 6.00 percentages.
2 illus, 5 tables, 12 ref
Boymurodov Kh
000890 Boymurodov Kh (Ecology Dep, Samarkand State Univ, Uzbekistan, Email: Boymurodov1971@mail.ru) : The significance of dicotyledonous mollusks of the unionidae family in the aquatic ecosystems of Uzbekistan in food and economy. Bull Pure Appl Sci-Sect B 2021, 40B(1), 8-12.
Chinese complex fish species - Oq Amur (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and oq Khumbosh (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) spread in Uzbekistan water ecosystem were studied the spread as result of acclimatization of Sinanodonta gibba, S. orbicularis and S. puerorum bivalve molluscs togather with fish to the ecosystem of Syrdarya, Amudarya and Zarafshan rivers of Uzbekistan.This is because the larvae-gloxidia of the Chinese toothless Sinanodonta seed are parasitic in these fish. The distribution of Sinanodonta gibba, S. orbicularis and S. ruerorum bivalve molluscs in the aquatic ecosystems of Uzbekistan under human influence has led to an expansion of the range of these species. The role of Sinanodonta seeds in the distribution, distribution, ecology, increasing the productivity of water bodies, in food was analyzed for the first time in a comprehensive way.
3 illus, 1 table, 4 ref