Joshi V S;Desai P B;Mishra S
018734 Joshi V S;Desai P B;Mishra S (NO, Central Salt and Marine Chamicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar-364 002, Email: smishra@csmcri.org) : Preliminary studies on comparison between β-carotene of prokaryotic and eukaryotic algae: spirulina platensis SM-PC1 and dunaliella salina SM-BC1. J Cell Tissue Res 2008, 8(1), 1225-32.
Deals with comparison of β-carotene from prokaryotic & eukaryotic algae i.e. Spirulina platensis & Dunaliella salina (rich source of β-carotene) isolated from fresh water and marine habitat respectively. The pigment composition of the prokaryote is reported to differ from eukaryote. An attempt to have a preliminary data on the variation existing between the two natural & synthetic β-carotene is made. All the other analyses such as UV-Vis, FT-IR, MS, and HPLC were done for the determination of β-carotene from both Dunaliella as well as Spirulina spp. The results obtained through FT-IR shows the presence of sharp peak indicating cis isomer(741 cm-1) in Dunaliella salina while in Spirulina platensis the peaks of both cis (739 cm-1) and trans (965 cm-1) isomers were present. HPLC analysis using C18 column successfully eluted out β-carotene approximately after 60 min. The molecular weights of the β-carotene from all the three sources were found to be 537.6 by Mass spectrometry.
Gupta S K;Gopalakrishna T
018733 Gupta S K;Gopalakrishna T (Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Div, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400 085) : Molecular markers and their application in grain legumes breeding. J Fd Legume 2008, 21(1), 1-14.
In recent years, there have been great advancements in molecular marker technology, making it one of the most powerful tools for improving the selection efficiency in plant breeding. Molecular markers have several advantages compared to the morphological or biochemical markers and have been used in a variety of applications including taxonomy, genetic diversity studies, gene tagging, genetic linkage map construction and comparative genome analysis. Molecular markers offer a great potential in improving the efficiency of conventional plant breeding by indirectly selecting the trait of interest. Molecular markers tightly linked to many agronomically important genes have been identified in many crop plants. Marker-assisted selection has made it possible to rapidly and precisely transfer the desirable genes between the cultivars and introgress the novel genes into elite germplasm from wild species without any linkage drag. In addition, quantitative traits, traits which are controlled by many genes, could be deciphered into discrete Mendelian factors with the help of molecular markers. The development of saturated genetic linkage maps had greatly accelerated the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for many biotic and abiotic stresses. Further advancements in the molecular marker technology would help in the successful implementation of marker assisted selection in plant breeding programs. This review deals with different molecular marker techniques most commonly used in crop improvement and their applications in grain legumes breeding.
3 tables, 177 ref
Goel A;Manu;Gupta S
018732 Goel A;Manu;Gupta S (Chem Dep, Kanya Gurukul Mahavidyalaya, Gurukul Kangri Univ, Hardwar-249407) : Biogas from organic waste diluted with sugar mill waste water. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(5), 3435-9.
The biogas production depends on various factors, such as charactersitcs of feed components, ratio of blending of feed components, type of water used, pH and temperature, etc. In the present studies, rice straw and cow dung are used as feed components. The gas production was recorded weekly. It has been observed that with the increase of rice straw blending, the rate of gas production increases. In the next series of experiments, the gas production blended with cow dung, rice straw and distilled water/sugar mill eflluent has been carried out. It is observed that digesters blended with distilled water show minimum gas production as compared to others with Deoband, Khatauli or Uttam sugar mill effluent. The characteristics like total solids, volatile solids, carbon, nitrogen, C/N ratio and protein contents of feed component have been studied initially and after 4 weeks. The results show a decrease in the values of all the characteristics. The effect of has also been studied in the pH ranges of 5 to 9. The results indicate that for biogas production pH-7 is most suitable. The amount of CO2 produced in biogas was estimated volumetrically.
2 illus, 4 tables, 8 ref
de Lima C J B;Contiero J
018731 de Lima C J B;Contiero J (Biochemistry and Microbiology Dep, Biological Sciences Institute, Rio Claro, Sao Paulo, Univ-Unesp-CEP, 13506-900, Rio Claro, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Email: jconti@rc.unsep.br) : Use of soybean oil fry waste for economical biosurfactant production by isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa using response surface methodology. Curr Trends Biotechnol Pharm 2009, 3(2), 162-71.
The study sought biotensoactive production from soybean oil fry waste using Pseudomonas aeniginosa ATCC 10145 and Pseudomonas aeniginosa isolated from the soil of a petroleum station having undergone gasoline and dicsel oil spills. The results of the experiments were analyzed using a complete factorial experimental design, investigating the concentration of soybean oil waste, ammonia suit ate and residual brewery yeast. Assays were performed in 250-mL Erlenmeyer beakers containing 50 mL of production medium, maintained on a rotary shaker at 200 rpm and a temperature of 30±1 °C for a 48-hour fermentation period. Biosurfactant production was monitored through the determination of rhamnose. surface tension and emulsification activity. The Pseudomonas aeniginosa ATCC 10145 strain and isolated Pseudomonas aeniginosa were able to reduce the surface tension of the initial medium from 61 mN/m to 32.5 mN/m and 30.0 mN/m as well as produce rhamnose at concentrations of 1.96 and 2.89 g/L with emulsification indices of 96% and 100%, respectively.
3 illus, 3 tables, 36 ref
Das D K
018730 Das D K (Post Graduate Dep of Biotechnology, , T.M. Bhagalpur-812 007, Email: dilipdas@hotmail.com) : Molecular farming of plant derived edible vaccines. Curr Trends Biotechnol Pharm 2009, 3(2), 113-27.
Vaccines have been one of the most far-reaching and important public health initiatives of the 20th century. Edible vaccine, in particular, might overcome some of the difficult of production, distribution and delivery associated with traditional vaccine. Transgenic potatoes expressing LT-B were found to induce both serum and secretory antibodies when fed to mice, these protective in bacterial toxin assays in vitro. This is the first proof of concept for the edible vaccine. The selection of a plant system for delivery of edible vaccines for human has been addressed. Recognising that it is necessary to express the desired protein in a food that is consumed raw (to avoid denaturation of the candidate vaccine protein), a system to transform banana plant has been developed. The expression of candidate vaccines in banana fruit will be dependant upon identification of suitable specific promoter to drive the desired gene expression. The concept of edible vaccine got impetus after Arntzen and co-workers expressed hepatitis B surface antigen in tobacco. Strategies for expression of foreign genes in high amounts in plants include use of strong and organ specific promoters targeting of the protein into endoplasmic reticulum by incorporating ER-targeting and ER-retention signals, creation of optimized translation start site context as well as alleviation of codons to suit the expression of prokaryotic genes in a plant. Retention of heat labile E. coli enterotoxin in ER of potato by using ER-retention signal has been reported to elevate the expression levels of the recombinant protein. Cholera toxin, which is very similar to E. coli LT, has also been expressed in plants generated tobacco plants expressing CT-Aor CT-B subunits of the toxin. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAG) has been reported to accumulate to 0.01% of soluble protein level in transgenic tobacco. Edible vaccine offer exciting possibilities for significantly reducing the burden of diseases like hepatitis and diarrhoea, particularly in the developing world storing and administering vaccines are often major problems. NIAID have shown for the first time that an edible vaccine can safely trigger significant immune responses in people. Antibodies raised to the H protein after infection with the wild type measles virus (MV) have MV-neutralizing activity and correlate with immunological proteins. Recent studies have shown that mammalian protein can be expressed to high levels in transgenic rice.
^iia1 illus, 3 tables, 68 ref
Bhagyawant S S;Srivastava N
018729 Bhagyawant S S;Srivastava N (School of Studies in Biotechnology, Jiwaji Univ, Gwalior-474 011, Email: bhagyawant123@rediffmail.com) : Assessment of antinutritional factors and protein content in the seeds of chickpea cultivars and their divergence. J Cell Tissue Res 2008, 8(1), 1333-8.
Legume grains constitute the primary source of diet protein for the population of many countries including India. However, these legume seeds are also known to contain factors like protease and amylase inhibitors as well as polyphenols etc. which are nutritionally antagonistic. These may reduce the availability of otherwise good proteins in the diet and cause diseases originating from malnutrition. Protein antimetabolites are getting much attention due to their role in defense against insects or microbes. Biochemical characterization of these antinutritional factors in chickpea seed cultivars is attempted in the present investigation.
1 illus, 4 tables, 33 ref
Banchhor M;Baid R;Banchhor P
018728 Banchhor M;Baid R;Banchhor P (Pharmaceutics Dep, Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Near Vidhansabha, Tekari, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, Email: madhuri_banchhor@yahoo.co.in) : Role of cashew nut shell liquid in nanotechnology. J Res Educ Indian Med 2008, 14(4), 1-7.
The delightful cashew nut will soon have important role to play in nanotechnology. Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) is oil obtained from the shell of Cashew nut, a natural renewable resource. Focuses on utility of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid and its components for novel research in nanotechnology. Cashew Nut Shell Liquid is used to synthesize soft nanomaterials. Anacardic acid is useful in preparing magnetic nanofluid, cardanol forms white nanotubes. These could be used as biomaterials, biosensors, liquid crystal displays, in templated synthesis and also in medicine.
7 illus, 45 ref
Tripathi N K;Sathyaseelan K;Jana A M;Rao P V L
017648 Tripathi N K;Sathyaseelan K;Jana A M;Rao P V L (NO, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior-474 002) : High yield production of heterologous proteins with Escherichia coli. Def Sci J 2009, 59(2), 137-46.
Demand for therapeutic recombinant proteins is set to see a significant increase over the next few years. As a consequence, the processes used to produce these proteins must be able to meet market requirements. Recombinant proteins have gained enormous importance for clinical applications. Reviews the fermentation process for high yield scalable production of heterologous recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. Influence of process parameters for the standard fermentation processes are discussed, and alternative methods that solve the limitations are reviewed together with the methods that yielded in higher productivity of E. coli process. The common problems are scale-up issues, plasmid instability, acetate accumulation and substrate inhibition in the high cell density bioreactor production system. Methods to overcome these issues are described. Solving the problems makes ideal condition for high yield production with E. coli expression system as compared to other systems.
^iia1 illus, 2 tables, 76 ref
Sahu K;Sangeeta Kumari;Shukla S
017647 Sahu K;Sangeeta Kumari;Shukla S (Microbiology Lab, Botany Dep, Dr. H.S. Gour Univ, Sagar-470 003) : Biodegradation studies on the selected bacterial strains isolated from hospital discharge. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(1), 107-10.
Three bacterial isolates identified as Pseudomonas mallei, Micrococcus varians and Aeromonas hydrophila were capable of degrading protein and carbohydrate, and in removing COD and BOD from Sagar lake. Maximum removal of protein (41.68%) and carbohydrate (23.60%) was brought about by Micrococcus varians, while maximum COD (10.98%) and BOD (14.75%) could be removed by Pseudomonas mallei and Aeromonas hydrophila respectively. Amongst these, Micrococcus variam has higher degrading potential, thus may be further used in wastewater treatment.
3 illus, 9 ref
Rajakumar R;Meenambal T
017646 Rajakumar R;Meenambal T (Civil Engineering Dep, Govt. College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 013) : Start-up performance of anaerobic filter (AF) reactor treating poultry slaughter house wastewater. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(2), 219-24.
A study was performed on anaerobic filter reactor to identify the startup time and optimum HRT required for treatment of poultry slaughter house wastewater. Initially, the reactor was loaded at an OLR of 0.77 gCOD/L/day and HRT of 36 h. Loading rates were increased by reducing HRT to 24, 16, 12, 10 and 8 h, which corresponds to the OLR of 1.15, 1.74, 2.27, 2.88, 3.43 gCOD/L/day. At an optimum HRT of 12 h, AF reactor shows TCOD and SCOD removal efficiencies of 69.5% and 77% respectively. Lower COD removal efficiency of 66% was observed when the HRT was reduced beyond 12 h. The SS removal efficiency was 76 %. Finally the reactor took 144 days for complete start-up. The granule size of 1-2 mm and settling velocities of granules of 0.5 to 0.83 m/min were observed in the reactor.
4 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref
Prakash S
017645 Prakash S (Biotechnology Dep, Udaya School of Engineering, Ammandivillai P.O., Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu) : Marine phytochemicals as a source of pharmacological interest for drug resistant methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Asian J Bio Sci 2009, 3(2), 340-5.
Antimicrobial drug resistance occurs in hospitals worldwide. One of the globally important micro-organisms is Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) which now causes more than 40% of all S. aureus bacteremias. Hence scientists are searching for natural compounds to control MRSA. Many marine organisms are known to produce bioactive compounds, but historically man has derived relatively few pharmaceutical agents from marine species. It is certainly true that most of the pharmacologically active products have been isolated from the sea especially from microalgae. In the present study a survey was made in the Nagercoil government hospital for studying bed sore infectious Staphylococcus aureus. From the samples collected, 20% were Staphylococcus spp. and 80% were other bacterial species. Of the 20% of Staphylococcus aureus, 33.4% Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Different solvent extracts of four marine micro algae were screened against MRSA pathogens. The extraction of antimicrobials from marine micro algae reveals that n-Butanol gave maximum extraction. Among the total Four microalgal extracts used against the bed sore MRSA pathogens Isochrysis galbana extract showed highest percentage inhibition (52%) when compared to other extracts. The present study would therefore seems particularly worthy for further investigations of valuable compounds from marine microalgae.
6 tables, 11 ref
Ozbek T;Gullucet M;Agar G;Adiguzel A;Baris O; Ozkan H;Sahin F
017644 Ozbek T;Gullucet M;Agar G;Adiguzel A;Baris O; Ozkan H;Sahin F (Erzurum Regional Hygiene Institute, Ministry of Health, 25100 Erzurum, Turkey, Email: hakanozkan25@gmail.com) : Antimutagenic activities of methanol extracts of some endemic Astragalus species. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(1), 451-8.
Study was conducted to evaluate the antimuta-genic activity of methanol extracts of Astragalus campylosema, A. cristianus, A. globosus and A. lineatus plants. The possible antimutagenic potential of different species was examined against mutagens sodium azide (NaN3), 9-aminoacridine (9AC) and 4-nitro-1-quinoline oxide (4NQO) in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1535-TA1537 and TA1538 using standard plate incorporation assay. In order to assess antimutagenic effects of Astragalus species. The plants methanol extracts were done at the doses of 5, 0.5 and 0.05 μg/plate. Astragalus species tested have different inhibition rate on mutagenicity at the concentration between 0.05-5 μg/plate doses. The best activity was obtained from A. cristianus aerial and root extracts, respectively; 78 % (5 μg/plate); 64 % (0.5 μg/plate), 79 % (5 μg/plate); 40 % (0.5 μg/plate) on TA1538.
3 illus, 2 tables, 26 ref
Mohammad T A;Arora S K;Kelkar A J;Itankar P R
017643 Mohammad T A;Arora S K;Kelkar A J;Itankar P R (Pharmaceutical Sciences R.T.M. Dep, Nagpur University, Nagpur-440 033, Email: mohd.tauqeer@rediffmail.com) : Determination of polyphenol content and free radical scavenging activity of successive extracts of Flemingia strobilifera. Adv Pharmac Toxic 2009, 10(1), 89-95.
Increasing demand for natural additives has shifted the attention from synthetic to natural antioxidants. The work examines the potential of six successive extracts (per ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and hydro-alcoholic) of aerial parts of Flemingia strobilifera Linn. (Fabaceae) (FS), as a source of natural antioxidants by using standard in vitro models and determines polyphenolic content of three extracts (acetone, methanol and hydro -alcoholic) on the basis of phytochemical screening. The extracts were prepared, preliminary phytochemical screening was done then three extracts were allowed for the determination of phenolic content by Folin-Coicalteau method and the anti-oxidant activity of successive extracts of Flemingia strobilifera (SEFS) was studied using 1, l-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, nitric oxide radical scavenging assay and reducing power method. The successive acetone, methanol and hydro-alcoholic extracts of FS possess significant and concentration dependent anti-oxidant activity comparable to that of standard vitamin C in the studied models. The total phenolic content in acetone, methanol and hydro-alcoholic extracts of FS were found to be 150.16, 174 and 231.39 mg/g respectively. The results obtained in the present study indicate that the aerial parts of FS are potential source of natural antioxidants.
3 tables, 24 ref
Kavitha B T;Ramachandra Y L
017642 Kavitha B T;Ramachandra Y L (Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Dep, Kuvempu Univ, Shimoga, Karnataka) : Phytopharmacological evaluation of leaf extracts of Hemidesmus indicus (L). Asian J Bio Sci 2009, 3(2), 237-9.
For centuries, indigenous medicinal plants have been used against bacterial-induced pathogenesis. Hemidesmus indicus is a pharmacologically important plant. The in vitro experiment by the agar well diffusion assay showed the presence of bioactive components in H. indicus leaf extract through zone of inhibition. In different ratios of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate test have shown significant zone of inhibition against gram positive and gram negative bacteria: Bacillus subtilis (54 mm), Escherichia coli (70 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (50 mm).
2 tables, 8 ref
Kamaljeet Kaur;Bakshi M P S;Wadhwa M;Saxena A K;Sharma S;Phutela R P
017641 Kamaljeet Kaur;Bakshi M P S;Wadhwa M;Saxena A K;Sharma S;Phutela R P (Microbiology Dep, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004, Email: phutela1953@yahoo.co.in) : Solid state fermentation of cereal grains for protein value addition. J Fd Sci Technol 2009, 46(2), 109-13.
Solid state fermentation of cereal grains was carried out using fungi, Auricularia polytricha, Calocybe indica, Lentinus edodes, Morchella sp. and Pleurotus florida. The highest degradation of starch in wheat, pearl millet and sorghum was obtained with A. polytricha and Morchella sp. after 20-25 days of fermentation. Supplementation of grains with organic nitrogen increased starch degradation rate. Under optimum conditions, the protein content of wheat increased from 11.2 to 21.3%, pearl millet from 12.2 to 20.3% and sorghum from 9.2 to 14.7% after fermentation with Morchella sp. Prolamin was the predominant protein fraction in the unfermented samples whereas albumin - globulin fraction was more in the fermented grains. The in vitro protein digestibility increased from 70.7 to 76.4% in wheat, 60.7 to 68.7% in pearl millet and 56.8 to 67.3% in sorghum after fermentation with A. polytricha, P. florida and Morchella sp, respectively. The free amino acids of the cereal grains improved after fermentation, particularly the tryptophan increased in wheat from 5.4 to 9.7, in pearl millet from 7.9 to 10.8 and in sorghum from 5.1 to 10.0 mg/g crude protein after fermentation with Morchella sp, L. edodes and P. florida, respectively. With egg protein as reference, tryptophan score increased in wheat from 54 to up to 97, pearl millet from 79 up to 107 and sorghum from 51 up to 99 with different fungal cultures.
2 illus, 4 tables, 34 ref
Jadhav U N;Thorat P R;Deshmukh A M
017640 Jadhav U N;Thorat P R;Deshmukh A M (P.G. Dep of Microbiology, Shri Shivaji Mahavidyalaya, Barshi, Dis. Solapur, Maharashtra) : Decolourisation of textile dye, rem-red by Micromono-spora species. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(1), 129-32.
The potential for Micromonospora spp. (Non Streptomyces Actinomycete) isolated from Vasant Sagar Dam, located in Sangli district of Maharashtra, was studied to decolorize dye wastewater from textile industry (Rem-Red and Rem-blue). Micromonospora spp. successfully decoulorised the textile wastewater containing two dyes, Rem-red and Rem-blue. Decolourisation studies were carried by inoculating intact cells and cellular extracts of Micromonospora spp. The maximum decolourisation was observed at pH 7.0 at five days incubation period at room temperature.
^ssc5 tables, 2 ref
Gavimath C C;Ramachandra Y L;Padmalatha Rai S;Sudeep H V;Sujan Ganapathy P S;Kavitha B T
017639 Gavimath C C;Ramachandra Y L;Padmalatha Rai S;Sudeep H V;Sujan Ganapathy P S;Kavitha B T (Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Dep, School of Biological Sciences, Kuvempu Univ, Jnana Sahyadri, Shimoga, Karnataka) : Antibacterial activity of Aegle marmelos correa leaves extract. Asian J Bio Sci 2009, 3(2), 333-6.
Many herbal remedies individually or in combination have been recommended in various medical treatises for the cure of different diseases. The therapeutic value of Aegle marmelos Correa (Rutaceae) commonly known as 'Bael' has been recognized in different system of traditional medication for the treatment of different diseases and ailments of human beings. The phytochemical and antibacterial studies of the leaf extracts of A. marmelos have been investigated. The antibacterial activity was investigated against multi resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonias by disc diffusion method. The results showed that the antibacterial efficacy of petroleum ether extract of leaf was significant and nearer to the standard antibiotic Streptomycin tested. Further the activity was more pronounced in gram-negative strains and moderate in case of gram-positive strains studied. The study results suggest that this plant is promising in the development of phytomedicine for bacterial diseases.
2 tables, 13 ref
Ganga Soundari S;Shashi V
017638 Ganga Soundari S;Shashi V (Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology Dep, P.S.G.R. Krishnammal College for Women, Peelamedu, Coimbatore) : Potential applications of xylanase in paper and pulp. Asian J Bio Sci 2009, 3(2), 389-92.
Most important large-scale biotechnological applications of recent years is in the use of xylanase as bleaching agents in paper and pulp industry, to minimize use of chlorine the conventional bleaching agent. The applications of xylanases have offered a major step in the reduction of chlorine consumption in the bleaching process of kraft pulp, thus lowering environmental pollution by organic halogens. The pulp and paper technology is one of the fast growing industries and the use of xylanases seems attractive since they provide global environmental benefits. In this review, the 1. Source microorganisms and properties of xylanases produced by various microorganisms are discussed. 2. Applications of xylanase in hard and softwoods are also detailed.
2 tables, 31 ref
Dayaram P;Dasgupta D
017637 Dayaram P;Dasgupta D (Biochemistry Dep, The Institute of Science, 15, Madam Cama Road, Mumbai-400 032) : Synthetic dye decolourisation by white rot fungus, Trametes cingulata. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(1), 7-14.
Many synthetic dyes present in industrial wastewaters are resistant to degradation by conventional treatments. Decolourisation of four synthetic azodyes by indigenous strain of white rot fungus isolated from outskirts of Mumbai, identified as Trametes cingulata, was investigated. The broad-spectrum decolourisation efficiency of the isolate was assessed using chemically different dyes. The fungus showed high decolourisation capacity and was able to decolourise all dyes tested, at different rates. Maximum decolourisation was achieved within four days in a reactor. The isolate was further evaluated for the decolourisation of industrial effluent. Complete decolourisation was achieved within five days of incubation.
5 illus, 1 table, 30 ref
Chugh M;Adak T;Pahwa R;Gakhar S K
017636 Chugh M;Adak T;Pahwa R;Gakhar S K (Advanced Centre for Biotechnology, M.D. Univ, Rohtak, Haryana) : Antibodies to Anopheles culicifacies salivray glands encumber vector competence to Plasmodium vivax. Asian J Bio Sci 2009, 3(2), 269-74.
Anopheles culicifacies A and C are responsible for 65-70% of malaria cases in India. Species B is least susceptible to parasite and plays very little role, if at all, in the malaria transmission. Three sets of rabbits were immunized with the salivary gland proteins from these three members (A, B and C). High titer antibodies were detected in the sera when characterized by in vitro ELISA. Western blotting and in vivo ELISA were conducted to gauge the cross reactivity of these antibodies with other tissues as well as salivary glands from other sibling species. Salivary glands and midgut exhibited highest cross reactivity. 97 kDa polypeptide was recognized exclusively by antibodies against salivary glands of species-A and C (primary vectors). Similarly, two immunogenic polypeptides (29 and 21 kDa) were present only in species-B. Fecundity was reduced significantly (37%) and number of oocysts per infected mosquito was reduced by 69% in the group of mosquitoes that ingested anti-salivary gland antibodies along with infected blood meal. Proportion of infected mosquitoes was significantly low as compared to control.
5 illus, 2 ables, 22 ref
Canli F A
017635 Canli F A (Horticulture Dep, Faculty of Agriculture, Suleyman Demirel Univ, Cunur, Isparta, Turkey, Email: canlifat@ziraat.sdu.edu.tr) : Effects of standard basal salt mixtures and 1-phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl) urea pre-treatments on shoot regeneration from mature cotyledons of swet cherry in vitro. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(1), 697-702.
The influences of different basal salt compositions (QL, WPM and B5) and l-phenyl-3-(l,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl) urea (thidiazuron, TDZ) pre-treatments on shoot regeneration from sweet cherry cotyledons were investigated. Basal salt composition was critical for obtaining higher regeneration efficiencies from stored cherry cotyledons. TDZ pre-treatments did not enhance shoot regeneration. The highest regeneration efficiencies were obtained with WPM, followed by QL medium. The regeneration ability significantly decreased if B5 basal salt composition was used. WPM significantly increased both regeneration frequencies and shoot number per regenerating explant. In addition, shoot primordia formation on WPM was observable 4 days earlier than B5 medium.
2 tables, 23 ref
Bouftira I;Abdelly C;Sfar S
017634 Bouftira I;Abdelly C;Sfar S (Laboratory of Plant Adaptation to Abiotic Stresses, Center of Biotechnology Technoparc of Borj Cedria, Tunisia, Email: ibtissem.bouftira@laposte.net) : Antioxidant properties of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum and Carpobrotus edulis extracts. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(1), 549-59.
Extraction efficiency using different solvents on antioxi-dant capacities of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum and Carpobrotus edulis was measured. The dried extracts were screened for their radical scavenging activity using α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydr azyl (DPPH) method. The order of antioxidant capacity of M. crystallinum in different solvents was found to be petroleum ether > ethyl acetate > chloroform > methanol > flavonoids and water. The order of antioxidant capacity of C. edulis was found to be flavonoids > methanol > chloroform > water and petroleum ether. Petroleum ether and flavonoids extracts from M. crystallinum and C. edulis showed highest antioxidant activity at 500 μg/mL. Results of the present study may be due to the extent of antioxidant capacity of each extract is in accordance with the amount of chrolophylls, carotenoids, phenolics and others different antioxidant compounds that can be presents in the extracts.
9 illus, 34 ref
Attar Y C;Bhonsale S;Patil S R;Marathe M Y; Mutagi S P;Kulkarni S V;Khamkar N U
017633 Attar Y C;Bhonsale S;Patil S R;Marathe M Y; Mutagi S P;Kulkarni S V;Khamkar N U (Microbiology Dep, Rajaram College, Kolhapur-416 004) : Treatment of synthetic rubber manufacturing industry effluent by isolated Pseudomonas species. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(1), 39-42.
The study deals with characterisation and treatment of industrial wastewater from a rubber processing industry situated in Chengalpattu, Tamilnadu. For treatment of the wastewater, methods used by the industry were insufficient, so attempts were made to carry out treatment of this effluent by biological means. Characterisation of the effluent was carried out and studied for microbial degradation. Microorganisms were isolated by using selective enrichment technique from petroleum soil. Isolation of microbes was carried from 80% effluent as it gives good results. Two isolates were found having maximum degradation efficiency. Identification of isolates was carried according to Bergey's Manual. The isolates were found Pseudomonax palleronii and Pseudomonas solanacearum. Identified isolates were studied for their degradation abilities. Optimization of environmental conditions, which affect degradation rate, were carried out and include effect of agitation and aeration, effect of simple nutrients, effect of alkaline pH, effect of mineral salts and use of mixed culture on rate of degradation etc.
5 illus, 4 tables, 5 ref
Xu G Y;Jiao K;Fan J S;Zhang B
016574 Xu G Y;Jiao K;Fan J S;Zhang B (College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao-266003, P R China, Email: kjiao@qust.edu.cn) : Immobilizing DNA on cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide cationic membrane for the detection of specific gene related to NPT II. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(6), 4161-72.
Carbon paste electrode (CPE) was fabricated using solid paraffin as binder. Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was self-assembled on the surface of the CPE to form compact CTAB mono-layer with high density of positive charges oriented outside. In weak alkaline medium, both ssDNA and dsDNA could be immobilized on the CTAB/CPE via electrostatic adsorption. The immobilized ssDNA could selectively hybridize with its complementary DNA sequence. The optimization of the factors affecting the property of CPE, stability of self-assembled CTAB, immobilization of ssDNA and electrochemical detection of the hybridization were monitored by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry using methylene blue or K3Fe(CN)6 as indicator. This kind of DNA biosensor was successfully used to detect the gene sequence related to the exogenous NPT II gene from the transgenic cole with a detection limit of 1.0 x 10-8 M. Two base-mismatch gene sequence could also be recognized by this method.
4 illus, 1 table, 19 ref
Swamy P V;Ali M Y;Hiremath S N;Shirsand S B; Patil S D;Raju S A
016573 Swamy P V;Ali M Y;Hiremath S N;Shirsand S B; Patil S D;Raju S A (Pharmaceutics Dep, H K E Society's College of Pharmacy, Gulbarga-585 105, Email: vspadavala@rediffmail.com) : Design and in-vitro evaluation of sustained release mini-matrices by extrusion. Indian J pharm Educ Res 2007, 41(2), 129-34.
Sustained release mini-matrices (multiple unit dosage form) were developed by means of extrusion, using Diclpfenac sodium (DS) as a model drug and ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as matrix materials, with or without channeling agent (lactose) and plasticizer (propylene glycol). Estimation of DS in the prepared mini-matrices was carried out by extracting the drug with methanol and measuring the absorbance at 282.4 nm. The prepared mini-matrices were further evaluated for surface texture by scanning electron microscopy, uniformity of diameter, thickness and weight; moisture content (Karl-Fischer method), in vitro drug release pattern, drug-excipient interaction and short term stability. All the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose mini-matrices displayed nearly zero-order release kinetics from 2-8 hours releasing >85% of the drug. Formulation prepared with a drug-polymer ratio of 1:0.5 (diclofenac sodium: hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) and 5% lactose as channeling agent and 5% propylene glycol (by weight of polymer) as plasticizer showed promising results as a controlled release dosage form and released approximately 99% of the drug in 12 hrs. Study proves that extrusion method can be used for designing controlled release drug delivery systems providing nearly zero-order drug release over a period of 12 hrs.
6 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref
Sharma V;Bhagat M
016572 Sharma V;Bhagat M (Biochemistry and Plant Physiology Div, Sher-E Kashmir Univ of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Chatha, Jammu) : In vitro cytotoxic effect of leaves and stem bark of Azadirachta indica on human colon, liver, neurablastoma and prostate cancer cell lines. Asian J Bio Sci 2009, 4(1), 33-7.
Cancer still remains the major cause of mortality and morbidity all over the world. In the search of potential anticancer agents from the medicinal plants, the research work was carried out to examine the anticancer properties of Azadirachta indica leaves and stem bark against human cancer cell lines via., ethanolic, hydro-ethanolic and aqueous extracts using sulphorhodamine B (SRB) dye. All the three extracts from leaf part and stem- bark showed in vitro cytotoxicity against all the human cancer cell lines at 100 μg/ml. At lower doses (10 and 30 μg/ml) aqueous extract from leaf part was found to be more active than ethanolic and hydro-ethanolic extracts in dose dependent manner. Results showed the potent anticancer effect of Azadirachta indica (leaves and stem bark) on human cancer cell lines of colon, liver, neurablastoma and prostate origin and the plant can be explored for probable anticancer lead molecules for the drug development.
2 tables, 17 ref
Senthilkumar T M A;Subathra M;Ramadass P
016571 Senthilkumar T M A;Subathra M;Ramadass P (Animal Biotechnology Dep, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu-600 007) : Serodiagnosis of leptospiral infections using recombinant LipL32 antigen bound carboxyl-modified latex beads. Indian J Anim Sci 2008, 78(5), 480-2.
Recombinant outer membrane protein antigen based LAT was evaluated with suspected cattle and dog sera. The rLipL32 was specific for pathogenic serovars of Leptospira. Relative sensitivity and specificity of LAT was 94.84% and 96.55% for dog sera and 93.68% and 98.3% for bovine sera, respectively. The test was simple, rapid and cost effective for large scale screening of bovine and dog sera against leptospiral antibodies.
^ssc2 tables, 13 ref
Saini R;Batra A
016570 Saini R;Batra A (Biotechnology Lab., Botany Dep, Rajasthan Univ, Jaipur-302 004) : Boerhavia diffusa L. : a medicinally potent wild herb. J Econ Taxon Bot 2008, 32(3), 719-23.
Boerhavla diffusa, commonly known as Punarnava, is a herbaceous plant of the family Nyctaginaceae. The whole plant or its specific parts (leaves stem and roots) are known to have valuable medicinal properties and have a long history of use by indigenous and tribal people in India. This plant is one of the most popular herbal remedies in the Indian Ayurvedic medicine, that prescribes its roots as a diuretic, analgesic and to improve the function of kidney and liver. It has many ethnobotanical uses (the leaves are used as vegetable; the root juice is used to cure asthma, urinary disorders, leucorrhoea, rheumatism and encephalitis). B. diffusa L. is reported to possess many pharmacological, chemical and antimicrobial properties. The plant has potent antiviral efficacy against phytopathogenic viruses. The antiviral agent isolated from this plant was found to be a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 16-20 kDa. Two rotanoids, isolated from the roots, have been found to potently inhibit the drug efflux activity of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP).
31 ref
Rajendran P C;Nair M V
016569 Rajendran P C;Nair M V (Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, College of Horti, Kerala Agricultural Univ, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala) : Breaking seed dormancy and genderwise dimorphic differentiation in Garcinia gummi-guta var. Gummigutta (L.) Rob.. Asian J Bio Sci 2009, 4(1), 93-9.
Garcinia gummi-gutta var. gummigutta (L) Rob. is a polygamodioecious tree indigenous to India remained neglected even though they are highly valued in South Indian cuisine and in traditional systems of medicine. Poor seed germination and breaking the prolonged seed dormancy could achieve within 7 days by in vitro inoculation of 3/4 mature seed on to 1/2 MS basal medium. Genetic basis for sex specificities in sexually dimorphic plant species could identify by isozyme analysis of esterase using PAGE and DNA finger prints using RAPD-PCR techniques. RAPD screening using 35 random primers has identified the female specific K1T-C 14 and KIT-C 15 oligonucleotide decamer primers. Enhanced germination per cent with breaking seed dormancy and gender dimorphism at juvenile stage would bring about a revolutionary gallop for the extensive cultivation of Malabar tamarind or kodampuli under the homestead cropping system and massive afforestation programme.
5 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref
Prabhavati E;Mallaiah K V
016568 Prabhavati E;Mallaiah K V (Microbiology Dep, Acharya Nagarjuna Univ, Nagarjunanagar, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh) : Extracellular polysaccharide production by Rhizobium sp. nodulating Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc. Asian J Bio Sci 2009, 4(1), 20-3.
The ability of thirty two Rhizobium strains, isolated from root nodules of Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verde. were tested for their production of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) in Yeast Extract Mannitol (YEM) medium. Among the thirty two isolates, maximum amount of EPS was produced by the isolate HGR12 (4690 μg mL-1). Both growth and EPS production started simultaneously. The production of EPS was maximum in the stationary phase of growth (72 hr) when the medium was supplemented with mannitol (1%). The EPS contained glucose, galactose, xylose, rhamnose and raffinose, which were identified by paper chromatography.
5 tables, 11 ref
Poorniammal R;Sundaram S P;Kumutha K;Parimala Devi R
016567 Poorniammal R;Sundaram S P;Kumutha K;Parimala Devi R (Agricultural Microbiology Dep, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) : Standardization of media for co-culturing of Azospirillum, phosphobacteria and Methylobacterium (Azophosmet). Asian J Bio Sci 2009, 4(1), 38-43.
Nitrogen fixers, phosphate solubilizers and a plant growth hormone synthesizer were cocultured in a suitable single medium The compatibility nature of Azospirillum brastiense Sp7, Bacillus megaterium var phosphaticum PB1 and Methylobacterium extorquens CO 47 in a common growth medium was investigated to coculture the bioinoculants (Azophosmet). All the three had better growth in YEMA. During coculturing the survival of Azospirillum Sp7, PSB PB1 and PPFM CO 47 was maximum in YEMB supplemented with 0.5% methanol. Biochemical characters of YEMB culture filtrates (0.5% methanol) recorded the highest amount of ammonia secretion, cell protein and polysaccharide content when compared to nutrient broth and glycerol peptone broth. The shelf life studies of Azophosmet in lignite carrier based formulation assessed for four months indicated that Azospirillum Sp7, PSB PB1 and PPFM CO 47 had cell load of 108 cfu g-1. The cotton seeds treated with the Azophosmet revealed the surviving ability of Azospirillum Sp7, PSB PB1 and PPFM CO 47 noticed up to 24 hr on the seeds.
6 tables, 13 ref
Poorniammal R;Sundaram S P;Kumutha K;Parimala Devi R
016566 Poorniammal R;Sundaram S P;Kumutha K;Parimala Devi R (Agricultural Microbiology Dep, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) : Comparative efficacy of cocultured inoculants (Azophosmet) over individual inoculants of cotton under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Asian J Bio Sci 2009, 4(1), 10-14.
The effect of cocultured inoculant (Azophosmet) was studied under in vitro and in vivo conditions compared with other individual inoculants was investigated. The cotton seeds were treated with the Azophosmet, revealed the surviving ability of Azospirillum Sp7, PSB FBI and PPFM CO 47 noticed up to 24 h on the seeds. Inoculation of cocultured inoculants recorded the maximum increase in root length; shoot length, germination per cent and vigour index of cotton plants followed by CO 47 under in vitro conditions. Cocultured inoculants (Azophosmet) was effective in enhancing rhizosphere population of individual bioinoculants, plant growth and seed cotton yield under pot culture conditions.
4 tables, 12 ref
Pavan Kumar T;Sunitha G;Krishna Mohan A V; Hanumanth Reddy G
016565 Pavan Kumar T;Sunitha G;Krishna Mohan A V; Hanumanth Reddy G (NO, Veterinary Biological and Research Institute, Shanthinagar, Hyderabad-500 028) : Sero monitoring by indirect ELISA of sheep vaccinated against enterotoxaemia. Indian vet J 2008, 85(12), 11-13.
Indirect ELISA for Enterotoxaemia sero monitoring studies was standardized for detecting the protective antibody status in sheep. Seromonitoring studies in 5 districts of Andhra Pradesh were carried out in sheep vaccinated with Alum precipitated Enterotoxemia vaccine using Indirect ELISA. The vaccine afforded protection to sheep upto 3-4 months after vaccination upon single injection. It was concluded that re-vaccination after 3-4 months of first injection could prolong the protective immune status.
1 table, 6 ref
Pathak R R;Ahmad A;Lochab S;Raghuram N
016564 Pathak R R;Ahmad A;Lochab S;Raghuram N (School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha Univ, Kashmiri Gate, Delhi-110 403, Email: raghuram98@hotmail.com) : Molecular physiology of plant nitrogen use efficiency and biotechnological options for its enhancement. Curr Sci 2008, 94(11), 1394-1403.
Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in plants is a complex phenomenon that depends on a number of internal and external factors, which include soil nitrogen availability, its uptake and assimilation, photosynthetic carbon and reductant supply, carbon-nitrogen flux, nitrate signalling and regulation by light and hormones, to name a few. The molecular basis for organism-wide regulation of nitrate assimilation is not yet fully understood, and biotechnological interventions to improve crop NUE have met with limited success so far. This article summarizes the physiological, biochemical and molecular aspects of NUE, QTL mapping studies as well as transgenic efforts to improve it in crop plants and model plants. It encompasses primary and secondary N-assimilatory pathways and their interplay with carbon metabolism, as well as signalling and regulatory components outside the metabolic cascade. highlights the need for an integrated ap-proach combining fertilizer management techniques with biotechnological interventions to improve N flux and NUE for Indian crop cultivars.
1 table, 101 ref
Padghan P R;Baviskar M M
016563 Padghan P R;Baviskar M M (Plant Pathology Dep, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra) : Efficacy of bioagent and different root extracts for supression of chickpea wilt in vitro. Asian J Bio Sci 2009, 4(1), 56-8.
In an attempt to study the effect of different root extract and bioagent against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.ciceri in laboratory, least radial mycelial growth and maximum inhibition was recorded in sorghum root extract medium (28.00 mm and 54.34%), respectively, however, it was at par with groundnut root extract medium (30.00 mm and 51.08%) as compared to control (61.33 mm). In dual culture technique the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.ciceri was restricted by Trichoderma viride (56.16%) followed by Trichoderma harzianum (50.57%). Trichoderma lignorum gave minimum zone of inhibition (40.45%).
2 tables, 17 ref
Mandachittibabu;Saravanane R;Sivacoumar R
016562 Mandachittibabu;Saravanane R;Sivacoumar R (Civil Engineeirng Dep, Pondicherry Engineering College, Pondicherry-605 014) : Anaerobic pretreatment and increased solid destruction for vegetable solid waste codigested with cattle slurry. J envir Sci Engng 2008, 51(1), 67-72.
Municipal solid waste and industrial solid waste are considered to be a large quantity of organic fraction which have contributed to different levels of pollution on land and ground water. The study was carried out for the determination of characteristics of vegetable solid wastes, cattle slurry and sewage sludge for effective anaerobic co-digestion. Objective of the work was to study the treatability of vegetable solid wastes by co-digestion with municipal sewage and cattle slurry in different ratios. The laboratory batch scale studies were carried out to determine effects of various process parameters on startup and digestion. The pretreatment on solid waste has resulted in effective co-digestion of vegetable solid waste and hence showed increased biogas yield. The optimum ratio of vegetable wastes to inoculum (cow dung and anaerobic sewage sludge in the ratio of 1:1) was found to be 1:2 for effective co-digestion and maximum biogas yield.
4 illus, 4 tables, 20 ref
Lotankar M;Dashputre A;Lokhande M O;Aglave B A
016561 Lotankar M;Dashputre A;Lokhande M O;Aglave B A (Biotechnology Dep, H.P.T. Arts and R.Y.K. Science College, Nashik, Maharashtra) : Heat shock proteins (HSP) - as vaccines vehicle. Asian J Bio Sci 2009, 4(1), 127-9.
1 illus
Kumar D;Anand T;Chauhan M S
016560 Kumar D;Anand T;Chauhan M S (Embryo Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132 001) : In vitro development of buffalo embryos using simple media. Indian vet J 2008, 85(8), 819-21.
IVEP involves a combination of techniques of in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture of oocytes. Among IVM, IVF and IVC, the IVC is perhaps the most important because of its long duration of upto.9 days for obtaining blastocysts. The simple media like mCR2aa and mSOFaa were used for embryo development from in vitro cleaved buffalo oocytes. The average cleavage rate of 50.5% was obtained. The blastocyst yields were 35% and 36.5% in mCR2aa and mSOFaa respectively which was comparable to the blastocyst yield obtained in case of IVC in complex medium such as TCM-1 &9 + co-culture (31.4%). Apart from this, the morulae yields were found to be higher (23.9% in mCR2aa and 23.1% in mSOFaa) as compared to TCM-199 + co-culture (17.1%). Thus these simple media very well support the buffalo embryo development and these media can be used to replace the conventional method of culturing embryos.
8 ref
Kulkarni B M;Pujar B G;Shanmukhappa S
016559 Kulkarni B M;Pujar B G;Shanmukhappa S (Chemistry Research Centre, Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Davangere-577 004, Email: drsschemical@yahoo.com) : Investigation of acid oil as a source of biodiesel. Indian J chem Technol 2008, 15(5), 467-71.
Acid oil which is a byproduct of vegetable oil industry has been investigated for its suitability as a source of biodiesel, as it is economic and readily available in considerable quantities at most of vegetable oil refinery sites. The biodiesel from acid oil is produced by a new type of "ED3R" esterification process developed at the Institute. Fuel properties of biodiesel thus produced are compared with standard biodiesel and diesel fuel. Blends of biodiesel and diesel fuel are prepared. Fuel property variations of biodiesel blends produced are reported.
5 illus, 7 tables, 17 ref
Khasim Beebi S K;Sridevi V;Chandanalakshmi M V V;Elizabeth K M;Chaitankya K V K
016558 Khasim Beebi S K;Sridevi V;Chandanalakshmi M V V;Elizabeth K M;Chaitankya K V K (Biotechnology Dep, College of Engineering, GITAM, Visakhapatnam) : Biosorption of nickel and copper ions from single metal aqueous solutions by fungi. J envir Sci Engng 2008, 51(1), 1-6.
Batch biosorption studies were carried out for the removal of nickel and copper using biosorbents, from single metal aqueous solutions. Treated and untreated effluent, soil and sludge samples were collected from selected points of chrome plating unit located at Visakhapatnam. The collected samples were analyzed for physico-chemical quality. The effects of some of the major parameters of biosorption, viz. contact time, dose of biosorbent, pH and initial metal concentration were studied and optimized. The optimum contact time, biosorbent dosage and pH were found to be 1 hr, 5g/L and 10 respectively. The percentage removal of nickel and copper for an initial concentration of 20 ppm, for a dosage of 5g/ L of dry fungal biomass at pH 10 and for a contact time of 1 hr was found to be 75.5% and 55.5% respectively, whereas, for an initial concentration of 100 ppm under the same optimum conditions, it was found to be 71% and 50% indicating that even at high concentration of metal ions the efficiency of biosorption is high. The dry fungal biomass has more favorable sites for nickel than copper ions.
5 illus, 4 tables, 15 ref
Jeenie;Sharma P;Sekhon H S
016557 Jeenie;Sharma P;Sekhon H S (Plant Breeding Dep, Genetics & Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana-141 004) : Weed management and biological nitrogen fixation in pulses. Ecol Envir Conserv 2007, 13(4), 751-8.
Pulses are an important source of protein for human and animal nutrition especially in underdeveloped and developing countries. They also play a vital role in farming systems as they fix atmospheric nitrogen, which helps in restoring soil fertility. Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) accounts for 65 per cent of the nitrogen currently utilized in agriculture and is of increasing importance to improve soil health and crop productivity. Legume-Rh/zob/um symbiosis has been examined extensively and several biotic and abiotic factors are known to influence the efficiency of N2 fixation. The use of herbicides to overcome the economic losses in pulses due to the presence of weeds is also one of the potentially limiting factors. These herbicides may affect nodulation and BNF. In this paper an attempt has been made to review the effects of herbicides on BNF in pulses since the studies on this aspect are meager.
5 tables, 62 ref
Gomathy M;Thangaraju M;Sarathambal C
016556 Gomathy M;Thangaraju M;Sarathambal C (Agricultural Microbiology Dep, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) : Optimization of liquid phospho bacteria required for maize seeds. Asian J Bio Sci 2009, 4(1), 53-55.
The survival of the Bacillus cultures on the seeds of the maize was tried in different combinations. One ml inoculum with one ml adhesive combination or sterile water showed better results followed by 1.5 ml inoculum with 0.5 ml adhesive or sterile water. In 1.5 ml inoculum and 0.5 ml adhesive combination, adherence and survival population of phosphobacterial cells were maximum (6.5 x 105 cfu/seed) for the treatment of sporulated inoculum with rice gruel.
3 tables, 8 ref
Devasena T;Ravimycin T
016555 Devasena T;Ravimycin T (Botany Dep, Anamalai Univ, Ambattur Study Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu) : Activity of ketoconazole coated gold nanoparticles against dandruff causing fungi. Asian J Bio Sci 2009, 4(1), 44-6.
Investigated the antifungal property of gold Nanoparticles coated with ketoconazole against the dandruff causing organism -Malassezia pachydermatis in comparison with pure ketoconazole by disc diffusion method. The diameter of the inhibition zone is greater for gold Nanoparticles coated with ketoconazole than for pure ketoconazole. This shows that gold Nanoparticles enhances the bioactivity of ketoconazole. Zone of inhibition increased with increase in concentration of gold Nanoparticles (0.1 mM<0.2 mM<0.3 mM). Concludes that ketoconazole coated gold Nanoparticles prevent the growth of the dandruff causing organism. The inhibitory power is greater than the pure drug. Thus, gold Nanoparticles can be incorporated along with ketoconazole and formulated into an effective antidandruff shampoo.
1 table, 14 ref
Devasena T
016554 Devasena T (Biotechnology Dep, Mother Teresa Women's Univ, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu) : Antitumorigenic action of fenugreek seeds. Asian J Bio Sci 2009, 4(1), 83-7.
1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) is a toxic environmental pollutant. Humans are exposed to DMH through rocket fuel and Gyromitra species of mushroom. DMH induced colon tumor in rats mimics human colon tumor in morphological and histological aspects. Thus, DMH model is well established and correlated with human problems.The effects of dietary fenugreek seeds on induced colon tumor and oxidative stress was investigated in male Wistar rats. Rats administered with a weekly subcutaneous injection of DMH (20 mg/kg body weight) for 15 weeks developed colon tumor with 100% incidence, and showed a significant, i) decrease in lipid peroxidation (LPO) measured interms of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TEARS), ii) decrease in phospholipid, a major substrate for LPO and iii) increase in glutathione dependent enzymes- glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), when compared to control rats. However, supplementation of dietary fenugreek to DMH treated rats significantly decreased the tumor incidence to 16.66%, increased the TEARS and phospholipid content and decreased the GPx and GST activities when compared to DMH treated rats. It is suggested that fenugreek act as antitumorigenic agent by influencing DMH induced colon tumor incidence and oxidative stress through its constituents flavonoids, saponin, protease inhibitors and dietary fibre.
1 illus, 2 tables, 31 ref
Devaiah K M;Venkatasubramanian P
016553 Devaiah K M;Venkatasubramanian P (NO, Centre for Pharmacognosy and Product Development, Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, 74/2, Jarakabande Kaval, Via Attur, Yelahanka, Bangalore-560 0, Email: padma.venkat@frlht.org) : Development of SCAR marker for authentication of Pueraria tuberosa (Roxb. ex. Willd.) DC.. Curr Sci 2008, 94(10), 1306-9.
Pueraria tuberosa, commonly known as Vidarikand in India, is an important plant used in traditional medicine. However, there are at least three other botanical entities traded under the same name, namely Ipomoea mauritiana, Adenia hondala and Cycas circinalis. A DNA marker-based method has been developed for identifying P. tuberosa, which is the authentic vidari according to the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. A putative 600 bp marker specific to P. tuberosa was identified using the RAPD technique. Further, the RAPD amplicon was converted to a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker. PCR using designed SCAR primers revealed the expected ampli-con (320 bp) only in P. tuberosa and not in the other species, thus aiding in distinguishing the authentic P. tuberosa from its commonly used substitutes and adulterants. Authentication of medicinal raw drug identity and quality using molecular markers holds great promise in resolving issues of controversial identity and quality control, but has not yet been capitalized by the traditional medicine sector.
4 illus, 1 table, 23 ref
Deneke Y;Nanda T;Yadav P S;Singh I;Prasad G
016552 Deneke Y;Nanda T;Yadav P S;Singh I;Prasad G (Animal Biotechnology Dep, College of Veterinary Science, HAU, Hisar, Haryana-125 004, Email: psyadav@scientist.com) : Buffalo oocyte vitrification and their post-thaw potential for in vitro fertilization. Indian vet J 2008, 85(8), 816-18.
Findings of the study suggest that the post-thaw livability and morphological normalcy of in vitro matured buffalo oocytes were affected by both the concentration of cryoprotectant as well as the type of supplement added to in vitro maturation medium. Oocytes matured in TCM-199 supplemented with 0.4% BSA and vitrified in 7.2.M EG resulted in higher post-thaw survival and fertilization rates. Yet, in vitro fertilization of vitrified oocytes was drastically reduced in comparison to fresh oocytes, which needs to be explored further for optimizing practical application of vitrification technique in conservation of superior buffalo germplasm.
12 ref
Dashputre A G;Lotankar M S;Lokhande M O; Aglave B A
016551 Dashputre A G;Lotankar M S;Lokhande M O; Aglave B A (Biotechnology Dep, H.P.T. Arts and R.Y.K. Science College, Nashik, Maharashtra) : Prions - small infectious particles. Asian J Bio Sci 2009, 4(1), 130-31.
Ciftci H B;Zulkadir U;Boztepe S;Ozturk A;Dag B;Yetisir R
016550 Ciftci H B;Zulkadir U;Boztepe S;Ozturk A;Dag B;Yetisir R (Animal Science Dep, School of Agriculture, Selcuk Univ, 42075, Campus, Konya, Turkey) : Effect of supplementation of ovine oviductal cells with LH and oestradiol-17β on embryo development. Indian vet J 2008, 85(12), 17-19.
Aim of this research was to study the effect of supplementing the oviductal cells with Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Oestradiol - 17β (E2) on sheep embryo development in vitro. Addition of 5μg/ml LH, Sμg/ml E2 to embryo culture significantly increased the percentage of embryos over the control group. Addition of LH and E2 to the culture of zygotes containing oviductal cells, caused further significant increases in the percentages embryos at morulae, blastocyst and hatched stages over the control and LH-E2 added group by 28.75, 19.88 8.89% and 15.58, 11.91, 6.39% respectively.
1 illus, 1 table, 4 ref
Bhat G;Bhat S;Kuruvinashetti M S
016549 Bhat G;Bhat S;Kuruvinashetti M S (NO, Central Food Technological Institute, Mysore, Karnataka) : Screening of Trichoderma isolates for chitinolytic activity using glycol chitin plate assay. Asian J Bio Sci 2009, 4(1), 29-32.
Thirty three isolates of Trichoderma belonging to different species which were previously screened against Sclerotium rolfsii, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizactonia solani were used for checking chitinolytic activity using agarose plate containing glycol chitin. Differences were observed among species and isolates of the same species with respect to chitinase production after induction with colloidal chitin and chitin degradation. Among all the isolates, T. virens IABT 1010, T. koningii IABT 1016, T. polysporum IABT 1018 were found to be more efficient chitinase producers. In all the isolates, chitinase production started within 24 hours of induction, but maximum production reached in 48 hours. Therefore, culture filtrates taken after 48 hours of induction can be used for routine screening of the Trichoderma isolates.
1 illus, 1 table, 19 ref
Bharat Kumar M;Sriram P;Mathuram L N
016548 Bharat Kumar M;Sriram P;Mathuram L N (Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology Dep, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai-600 007) : Effect of monensin on in Vitro rumen fermentation. Indian vet J 2008, 85(12), 26-9.
The results indicate that monensin is effective in profitably shifting the rumen fermentation process and improves the nutritional status of the animal by increased propionate production, improved nitrogen retention and reduce methane production.
3 tables, 15 ref