045554   DANSO H, KWADWO R O (Construction and Wood Technology Dep, Education Winneba Univ, Kumasi, Ghana) : Assessment of value engineering implementation in the Ghanaian construction sector. J Inst Eng India Ser A 2020, 101(1), 7-17.

One of the contemporary management techniques aimed at eliminating unnecessary cost and waste while optimizing full benefit of projects, especially in the building and construction sector, is value engineering. This study assesses the implementation of value engineering in the Ghanaian construction sector. The study adopted cross-sectional survey with stakeholders consisting of architects, contractors, project managers, civil and structural engineers, and consultants of construction and consulting firms. Snowball sampling technique was used through its nucleus to reach construction firms and respondents who practice value engineering but are difficult to trace. Questionnaire was used to collect data using a five-point Likert scale. Quality control and renewal of old ideas emerged as the meaning of value engineering regarding construction professionals’ understanding of the concept. The factors that encourage values engineering implementation identified by the respondents include: reduced wastage of resources, quality improvements, reduced conflict and risks, efficient labour, creation of a climate of shared understanding, definition of programme objectives, early improvement, understanding of the needs and function, savings that can be redirected to add value, improved communication between the parties, and local material usage. Five main components identified as responsible for non-adoption of value engineering include: knowledge barrier, demand barrier, awareness barrier, readiness barrier, and human resource barrier. The study therefore concludes that value engineering stands feasible for implementation in the Ghanaian construction sector if the identified factors to the non-adoption are eliminated while adopting appropriate strategies to promote the factors that encourage its implementation.

44 ref

039198   LEYVA J A L, INZUNZA A M, PAZ P N, UNZON S V, YANEZ M JP C (CETYS Univ, Mexico, Email: josue.lopez@cetys.mx) : Customized smart andon system to improve the efficiency of industrial departments. J Sci Ind Res 2020, 79(01), 35-7.

A customized industrial system to realize the supporting requests in manufacturing lines with detailed statistical information is presented. Also called customized smart Andon system. The system is based on a software and hardware design customized for particular industry needs according to the internal organizational structure. The results of the projection are that Andon system permits an important reduction of the time required for attending and finishing whatever problem in the manufacturing line.

3 illus, 1 tables, 8 ref

028668   AWAD H M, EL-MAGHRABY A (Ceramic and Building Materials Dep, National Research Center, Egypt, Email: hma3011@yahoo.com) : Preparation, structure and catalytic activity of simple spinel as nano-copper-zinc ferrites in industry model. Rasayan J Chem 2018, 11(3), 1320-7.

The crystallized Cu1–xZnxFe₂O₄ ferrites nanocrystalline has been prepared at low-temperature combustion route to study as a novel friendly environmentally benign fuel. Five batches of spinel as Cux Zn1-xFe₂O₄ were synthesis by a self-combustion method using nitrates as salt. The phase composition, crystal intensity and the nanostructure characteristics were resolved by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope can be observations. BET analysis to indemnification the specific surface area around 20-10 nm. The results show an announced decrease in the combustion temperature when Cu- and Zn- ferrites spinel are utilized as catalysts effect. The ferrites have tested catalytically in combustion reaction of hydrogen peroxide.

8 illus, 5 tables, 29 ref

028669   CANDRA S N, AGUNG P A, UFAFA A (Internasional Semen Indonesia Univ, Gresik, Indonesia, Email: ndaru.sukmana@uisi.ac.id) : Optimization density of geopolymer concrete based on Taguchi method. Res J Chem Environ 2018, 22(2), 134-8.

High density geopolymer concrete can be applied as a breakwater because this particular material is able to break high sea waves and is not easily carried by them. Geopolymer concrete is composed of fly ash, sodium silicate, and activator solution. The Taguchi method can be used to determine the factors that affect the density of geopolymer concrete, as well as the optimum composition that can produce the highest density. Controlled factors in this study were a silica/alumina ratio, solid/liquid ratio, sodium hydroxide concentration and aggregate type. The results of this study indicate that the ratio of silica/alumina, solid/liquid ratio, and type of aggregate has a significant effect on the density of geopolymer concrete. The optimum composition of geopolymer concrete is silica/alumina 9, solid/liquid 70:30, sodium hydroxide concentration of 6 M and aggregate type of granite yielding the density of 2,41 gram/cm³ and 21 MPa compressive strength.

2 illus, 5 tables, 27 ref

028670   MOHAMMADHOSSEINI H, MD TAHIR M (Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Univ, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia, Email: hofa2018@yahoo.com) : Production of sustainable fibre-reinforced concrete incorporating waste chopped metallic film fibers and palm oil fuel ash. Sadhana 2018, 43(10), 156.

The consumption of waste materials is one of the essential concerns of waste management strategies in many parts of the world. With the advances in concrete technology, the utilisation of waste materials in the sustainable construction has developed increasingly widespread because of technological, economic and ecological advantages. This paper presents the workability and mechanical properties of concrete incorporating waste chopped metallic film (WCMF) fibres and palm oil fuel ash (POFA). Waste plastic results in waste discarding disaster and consequently causes significant harms to the environment. WCMF fibres were prepared by recycling metallic–plastic films used for food packaging. Six concrete mixes containing 0–1.25 % WCMF fibres with a length of 20 mm were made of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Further, six concrete mixes with the same fibre content were made, where 20 % POFA substituted OPC. The combination of WCMF fibres and POFA decreased the workability of concrete mixes. The inclusion of WCMF fibres to OPC and POFA concrete mixes decreased the compressive strength. However, at the curing period of 91 days, the POFA-based mixes obtained higher compressive strength values than those of OPC-based mixtures. The positive interaction between WCMF fibres and POFA consequently enhanced the flexural and tensile strengths, impact resistance, thereby increasing energy absorption capacity and ductility of concrete composites. It revealed that WCMF fibres acted as a bridge arrester and improved the load-transfer capacity of the concrete specimens. The study showed that the utilisation of WCMF fibres in the production of sustainable concrete is a beneficial, affordable and feasible solution.

14 illus, 3 tables, 36 ref

028667   AL-AZZAWI B S, KARIHALOO B L (Cardiff Univ, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK, Email: KarihalooB@Cardiff.ac.uk) : Application of a self-compacting ultra-high-performance fibre-reinforced concrete to retrofit RC beams subjected to repeated loading. Sadhana 2018, 43(9), 145.

The aim of this paper is to describe the performance of reinforced concrete (RC) beams retrofitted with a self-compacting ultra-high-performance fibre-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) under three-point bend cyclic loading. It is found that retrofitting the RC beams with a thin UHPFRC strip on the tension face increases their endurance limit under a non-zero mean stress cyclic loading from approximately 40 % to approximately 60 % of their static three-point flexural strength. Moreover, the retrofitted beams behave as a composite structure, with no delamination of the retrofit strip being observed in any of the fatigue tests.

20 illus, 5 tables, 30 ref

026170   LAL M, TIWARI R (Industrial Design Dep, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela - 769 008, Email: lalm@nitrkl.ac.in) : Experimental identification of shaft misalignment in a turbo-generator system. Sadhana 2018, 43(5), 80.

Precise and authentic estimation of the dynamic features of rotating machines and prevention of failure requires accurate experimental characterisation of their critical components, for example, bearings and couplings. These are difficult to model theoretically, and they often suffer from uncertain parameters in their model. Especially, when there is a misalignment in the rotor system, dynamic characterisation of bearings and couplings changes drastically. In the present study, multiple fault parameters (MFPs) of critical components of turbo-generator, that is, bearing and coupling together with residual unbalances (RUs), are evaluated experimentally using model-based methodology. A test rig was developed and used for experimentation in which different levels of misalignment was introduced. After estimating the MFPs, then the accuracy was checked through an impact test on the rotor test rig. The effect of different levels of misalignments on estimated parameters was studied.

20 illus, 7 tables, 43 ref

024908   SINGH A, ARORA K (Zoology Dep, Swami Vivekanand Subharti Univ, Uttar Pradesh- 250 002, Email: anamikaanu2011@rediffmail.com) : Solid waste management in flats of a residential campus in Panchli Khurd, Meerut. Bull Pure Appl Sci- Sec A 2018, 37A(1), 33-8.

Solid waste refers to any discardable and left over material. Generation of solid waste is a natural phenomenon. Even ancient human population depending upon food available with nature must have generated some quantity of different types of wastes like wood charcoal, ashes or bones of animals hunted for food. Excretion of solid waste after digestion is a common process in all living being. Increased population has increased the amount of wastes. There are other factors like advancement in technology, electronic goods and use and throw practice which has also increased the amount of wastes to greater extent. Management of such a large amount of waste would pose serious problem. In the present study waste generated by different family size was randomly collected from different residential flats of an area Panchli, Meerut on all days of the week. A total data of ten days showed that amount of waste generated depends upon number of factors like size of family monthly income, age of family members. Family having more income spends more as compare to the family having lesser income. They consume more and therefore more waste was found to be generated by such family. About 90 % of the house hold wastes are non hazardous and 75 % of total wastes are renewable But still disposal site availability is a major concern. Characterization and knowledge of composition of these wastes is important so that disposal should be environment friendly. Reuse and recycling will promote the employment and economy too. Segregation of wastes is an important task for person involved. During the observation it was found that people are not paying proper attention to the types of wastes and way of disposal. Sometimes dry and wet left over of kitchen and dining and broken glass items or used plastics are in the same packet. This is dangerous for people working on segregation of these materials. This can be managed by use of a specific dustbin having compartmentalization for dry, wet, broken glasses.

3 illus, 15 ref

018372   Shaker R;Muwashee A R (NO, , ) : Effect of used cooking oil on the characteristics of concrete including gap-graded aggregrate. J Constr Engng Technol Mgmt 2017, 7(1), 55-66.

Due to targe amounts, more than one billion gallons, of used cooking oil which are produced yearly, there is a need to carry out the sustainability for construction materials. This study aims to investigate the effect of Used Cooking Oil (UCO) on the fresh and hardened properties of concrete using different percentages from this oil with gap-graded aggregate. Ten concrete mixes were conducted in the laboratory for two mixing proportion {1:1.5:3} and (1:2:4) with a constant W/C equal to 0.5. This study is concentrated on the influence of UCO on the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, density, and absorption. The results demonstrate that noticeable increments in the recorded slump values as the ratio of UCO used in this work raised gradually. Based on the results of compressive strength test, the existence of UCO as an admixture in concrete leads to a reduction in the compressive strength and this reduction increases with the increase of UCO ratio. Other concrete properties including splitting strength and flexural strength, indicated trends are similar to that observed in compressive strength for all proportions of UCO. Regarding to the density and absorption, the presence of UCO as an admixture in concrete leads to slightly decrease in the density for both series of mixes and this reduction increases with the increment in the percentage of UCO. While for absorption, displays increment due to the increase in the UCO proportion.

018371   Rasheed E K (NO, , ) : Determination of the priority in risks management of construction projects. J Constr Engng Technol Mgmt 2017, 7(1), 45-54.

Construction projects are faced to a state of uncertainty and an increase in the likelihood of multiple risk types, since that the achievement of these projects goes through several stages. The first is the decision stage and other stages ending with the maintenance phase of these projects, which leads to increase in the length of the period of completion, and privacy enjoyed by construction projects and distinguishes them apart from the rest of the projects. This uncertainty appears in the uncertainty of control to achieve the objectives of the projects which are, the time of completion, the cost and quality of work, in addition to the safety of these projects professionally. This uncertainty can be overcome through analysing risk to these projects and then managing them and studying the results. Several studies have been made in this field, including this study. The aim of this research is to study the different types of risk and its impact on a variety of construction projects and then determine the most important risk in order to confront it by identifying its maximum and minimum index of importance; and so correctly using the project budget and not wasting it in facing of other risks with less importance; as well as study the most important procedures of response to these risks. The achievement of these aims was through the views of a number of experts in the construction industry in the field of risk management through questionnaire (exclusively) for the purpose of reaching a certain strategy in how to manage them correctly. One of the main conclusions reached by the research is that the two risks: lack of plans for the networks service passers through the site electrical such as a chart, telephone, water, etc. and differences between the required implementation specifications as a result of a misunderstanding of the drawings and specifications have the most important influence on construction projects, and put contractual conditions is the most appropriate procedure in response and confrontation risks.

018370   Princy J D;Shanmugapriya S (NO, , ) : Ranking of relative importance of productivity factors in Indian construction projects. J Constr Engng Technol Mgmt 2017, 7(1), 67-77.

Productivity remains an intriguing subject and a dominant issue in the construction sector. Best performance is unachievable with poor productivity resulting in time over-run and consequently cost escalation of projects. Hence, productivity is of critical importance to the profitability of most construction projects and it is essential that attempts to be made to improve productivity. Any improvement in productivity cannot be achieved without understanding the factors that adversely affect productivity. The objective of this research, therefore, is to identify and rank factors perceived to influence productivity of construction projects in Indian context with respect to their relative importance and to determine the importance percentage of main factors and sub factors - 404 - of productivity. To achieve this objective, a questionnaire survey was carried out targeting respondents from four distinct projects, namely, residential, commercial, infrastructure and industrial. The questionnaire comprised 39 sub factors, classified under the following 10 main factors: manpower, motivation, time, material/toots, leadership, supervision, project, safety, quality, and external. The findings show that, among the factors explored, the subsequent 10 are discerned to be the most significant factors influencing productivity: (1) Lack of availability of electricity, power and water at project site (2) Lack of labour experience (3) Frequent revisions and alterations in design, drawings and specifications (4) Rework due to field error committed by craftsmen (5) Working overtime (6) Material shortage at site (7) Increasing number of labors in the site, so as to accelerate work (8) Payment delay (9) Low quality of raw materials used for construction operations (10) Shortage of tools and equipment necessary to do the job on site. This research's findings will provide better insights to construction practitioners into productivity issues in India and more effectively direct future efforts to achieve productivity improvement to enhance the performance of construction project.

018369   Mohammed Irfan M;Sirajudeen K;Muthu Kumar T (NO, , ) : Natural ventilation and lighting in residential building. J Constr Engng Technol Mgmt 2017, 7(1), 30-44.

Naturally ventilated and lighted buildings have a key rule to play in mitigating climate change. Now a day's no one concentrates in the functional design of building like natural ventilation and lighting. In some highly populated areas does not gather any natural ventilation and lightings inside the buildings. The main study of the project is how to get natural energy gains into the buildings. Ventilation and lighting plays a vital role not only in buildings hut also psychology and comfort level of occupants using the building. Building without ventilation and lighting will be a bad design and also called as sick building. Natural lighting and ventilation is mandatory part of today's design to save energy. It can also be called as heart of a building design. The main aim of our study is to give a conclusion for gathering natural ventilation and lighting inside the buildings. We chose one residential building in the populated area, analyzed the problems and provide solutions to gel natural ventilation and lights.

018368   Dhakad P;Patel R (NO, , ) : GFRC beam thickness analysis using FEM. J Constr Engng Technol Mgmt 2017, 7(1), 22-9.

Glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) beam thickness analysis has been studied in the present paper. GFRC is the widely used material in structures, over other materials to resolve the problems in concrete structures. They provide strength and stiffness to concrete beam. ANSYS has been utilized in the present work to the problem. Effect of thickness of the GFRC has been studied in the present paper by studying the deformation and strain generated. Four different sets have been modeled, all having the same outer dimensions. To change the thickness of GFRC concrete, beam dimensions have been reduced and results have been compared with the beam which is made of concrete only. Base beam dimensions are 250 x450 mm² and length is 3000 mm. Three thicknesses of GFRC have been considered 2, 3 and 4 mm. From the results it has been found that beam with 4 mm thickness GFRC shows less deformation compared to the other beams, which indirectly means that GFRC beam has higher strength compared to simple concrete beam. Weight comparison of all the beams has also been carried out which represents that with 4 mm thickness, GFRC is lighter in weight compared to the others.

018367   Bhaskar S V;Prasad K N (NO, , ) : Analysis and assessment of energy saving in building construction using sustainable building materials. J Constr Engng Technol Mgmt 2017, 7(1), 1-9.

Sustainable technology in associated with creating environment with the materials that are reproducible and would not involve materials and methods that encroach on to future needs of the society. Bui/ding materials, technologies and building practices have evolved through ages signifying quality and reliability. It is widely known that housing and building sector represents the living standards of society. Some of the building materials namely stone, mud, thatch, leaves and timber are extensively used in construction of buildings. Energy in different forms is used in manufacturing and transportation of these natural materials for construction. Burnt bricks, lime, cement, steel, metal products, paints and PVC are the manufactured materials (using external energy) commonly used for construction industry. Extensive use of these materials can drain the energy resources and adversely affect the environment. It is difficult to meet the evergrowing demand for buildings by adopting only energy efficient materials and construction methods. The raw materials to produce simple, energy efficient, eco-friendly and sustainable building materials and techniques to satisfy the increasing demand for buildings and decrease the consumption of energy in buildings. For this purpose a study is considered.

017366   Zabaluyeva T R (NO, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, 129337 Jaroslavskoe Highway, 26, Russian Federation, Moscow, Email: trzabalueva@yandex.ru) : New approaches to stable - 412 - development of cities architecture by using bridge buildings and platform buildings. Ecol Envir Conserv 2017, 23(1), 591-7.

Conditions of the economic development stipulate the need in the accelerated modernization of the road and transportation infrastructure that covers the road-transport industry, automobile roads, railways and constructions on them. Each of these components has a local negative impact on the environment. As a whole, this impact has not only the regional but also global nature. Due to this, the protection of the environment in Moscow when designing, building, reconstructing, repairing and maintaining, taking into account the needs to form the eco-network of the megalopolis, becomes an urgent problem. Quick quantitative growth of the car fleet, increase in their capacity, and speed of movement stipulated by the development of the automobile transport cause a considerable growth of the traffic intensity on roads. It causes the need to modernize them in order to improve their capacity, technical state and provision of the requirements of the environmental protection. One of the methods to decrease the negative impact of transport on the megalopolis is to build essentialy new engineering constructions that allow to decrease anthropogenic negative impact on the ecology. Such engineering constructions are bridge and platform buildings that require accurate stipulation of their building and parameters for construction. The article shows the urgency and economic need to build essential new constructions of the road and transport infrastructure. It considers projects of various types of bridge and platform buildings.

7 illus, 16 ref

017365   Bancerova O L (NO, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, 26, Yaroslavskaya St., 129337, Moscow, Russia, Email: olga.bancerova@gmail.com) : Forms of apartment buildings taking into account sustainable architecture requirements. Ecol Envir Conserv 2017, 23(1), 460-3.

The goal of this research was to define the role of form making in real estate architecture in improving the energy efficiency of various types of houses. It is noted that taking into account the modern requirements of stable development when designing and constructing buildings, renewable sources of energy were used. At the same time specific experience has been accumulated on creating favorable micro-climate in premises by using form making methods. Various types of national houses were analyzed. In this analysis the building compactness ratio was taken as a criterion to estimate the architectural form. As a result of the research, it has been determined that buildings with the same content but different forms have different compactness ratios. Hemispherical form has a lower indicator of compactness 0.01, and it means a minimum heat loss as compared to conic, cylindrical and cubic buildings. The author have come to the conclusion that in addition to applying progressive modern technologies of energy supply, the work with the architectural form that serves as a factor of saving the consumed energy is important.

11 ref

003089   Sambath S (Zoollogical Survey of India, Central Zone Regional Centre, Scheme No. 5, Plot No. 168/169, Vihay Nagar, Jabalpur-482 002, Email: sambath63@gmail.com) : Range extension of a moth, Glottula orientalis Hampson, from Madhya Pradesh. Bionotes 2016, 18(1), 31.

3 ref

002180   Ranjeet K (Post Graduate Aquaculture and Fishery Microbiology Dep, MES Ponnani College, Ponnani South, P.O-Malappuaram (Dist)-679 586, Email: ranjeetnambiar@gmail.com) : Allozyme variations and genetic diversity among males of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. J Envir Biosci 2010, 24(1), 107-14.

Heterogeneous Individual Growth in male mo

5 tables, 15 ref

017957   Sunandan Kumar (NO, , N-131, Panchshila Park, New Delhi-110 017) : Portable corrosion resistant double walled garbage incinerators. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

001009   Sarangapani G;Venkatarama Reddy B V;Jagadish K S (Dep of Civil Eng, Indian Inst of Sci, Bangalore-560 012) : Structural characteristics of bricks, mortars and masonry. J Struct Engng 2002, 29(2), 101-7.

Burnt clay bricks are widely used for loan bearing masonry in India. There is wide variation in the characteristics of commonly used bricks from different geographical locations of the country. For example the compressive strength vary between 2 and 24 MPa. Deals with the characterisation of properties of local low modulus bricks, mortars and masory using these materials. Bricks procured from Bangalore were tested for obtaining the properties such as compressive strength, flexure strength, water absorption, Initial Rate of Absorption (IRA), porosity and pore size and stress-strain relationships. Characteristics of two cement mortars. (1:4 and 1:6) and three composite mortars (cementsoil and cement-lime mortars) wer examined for their strength and elastic properties. Stress-strain characteristics of masonry using these bricks and mortary were determined. A simple analysis was carried out to understand the nature of stresses developed in the mortar joint and brick in the masonry. The results reveal that the bricks around Bangalore have rather low moduli compared to cement mortar. The brick modulus is in the range of about 5 to 10% of the modulus of 1:6 cement mortar. This kind of situation leads to a masonry where mortar joints develop lateral tension while brick develops lateral compression (triaxial) and this an unfavourable situation due to the brittle nature of mortar.

8 illus, 7 tabels, 14 ref

024785   Khadke P A;Khan T N (NO, College of Home science, Marathwada Agricultural Univ, Parbhani-431 402, Email: suryashinepunam@gmail.com) : Effect of herbomix supplementation on lipid profile of subjects.. Bionano Front 2011, 4(2), 318-21.

In spite of the presence of number of synthetic oral drugs in the market researchers are now diverted their attraction to different herbs and medicinal plants in order to find out active principle with less side effect and better activity. Keeping in view the present study was planned with the main objective to explore effectiveness of herbomix supplementation prepared by utilizing different herbs as Amla (Emblica officinalis), bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), safflower petals (Carihamus tinctorius), tulsi leaves(Ocimum sanctum), on lipid profile of ubjects along with their regular routine diet, exercise and medicine. Selected subjects were divided in two group as experimental and control group. Herbomix was supplemented to experimental group for 60 days. Values of lipid profile were recorded at 0,30 and 60 days in both group. Values of experimental group and control group was compared. It was found that herbomix exerted positive effect in reducing total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride in case of experimental group.

2 tables, 11 ref

014148   Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (NO, , Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001) : Process for flux bonded flyash building ceramics. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

014147   Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (NO, , Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001) : A process for the preparation of tiles/bricks useful for building construction. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

000982   W.R. Grance & Co. (NO, , 1114 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10036, USA) : A water proofing memberane useful in building construction. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

020628   Tatsuo Ono (NO, , 1-Chome, 10-Ban, 1-Go Kakigara-Cho, Nihobashi, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan) : A scoffolding structure and a unitary frame body structure therefor. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

014237   Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (NO, , Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001) : Process for the preparation of acoustic/insulation tiles from rock wool (slag wool) fibres. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

014236   Bhatt M S;Rajkumar N;Jothibasu S;Sudirkumar R;Pandian G;Nair K R C (Field Engineering Services Div, Central Power Research Institute, Sir C V Raman Road, Bangalore-560 080) : Commercial and residential building energy labeling. J scient ind Res 2005, 64(1), 30-4.

Presents base line date for labeling residential and commercial office buildings on the basis of electrical energy consumption. The study is based on a sample of eight typical residential buildings in Bangalore and five commercial buildings in New Delhi of varying built-up areas. The overall SEC is in the range 1-3 kWh/ m²/month for residential buildings and 5-25 kWh/m²/month for commercial buildings. If only building energy consumption is considered, it is in the range 0.3-1.0 kWh/m²/month for residential buildings and 3-10 kWh/ m²/month for commercial buildings. SEC/person is in the range of 300-800 Wh/m²/person/month for residential buildings and 3-6 Wh/m² /person/month for commercial buildings. Commercial building energy intensities are higher than domestic intensities. The energy consumption (winter-summer) varies between 30-100 % peak value due to variation in ambient temperature and weather conditions.

6 illus, 4 tables, 9 ref

007139   Shelly V S (NO, , Shanthi Bhavan, Karukutty (P.O.) Pin 683 576, Ernakulam District, Kerala, India) : Rubber moulded glass fibre reinforced cement wall or floor tiles. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

005116   Sarda R G (NO, , H No. 5-8-29, Fateh Sultan Lane, Nampally, Hyderabad) : Stone slicing machine. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

010955   Vyas A K;Raisinghani M (NO, Malaviya Natn Inst of Technol, Jaipur, Rajasthan) : Optimum size of tutorial rooms for technical institutions in India. J Instn Engrs-Pt PR 2005, 86(April), 20-4.

Tutorials are the essential part of curriculum in engineering programmes run in technical institutions. Least attention has been paid towards optimum planning of tutorial rooms. Alternative plans of tutorial rooms for 18 students and 24 students have been proposed considering different seating arrangements. Since, the floor area were found to be approximately same in each category of tutorial rooms, structural designs were worked out using software STRUDS 8.7³. The cost estimates of structure part of proposed alternatives have been worked out using Basic Schedule of Rates⁴, PWD, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur. The most cost-effective plans of tutorial room among the alternatives have been recommended.

2 illus, 2 tables, 5 ref

010954   Vyas A K;Raisinghani M (NO, Malaviya Natn Inst of Technol, Jaipur, Rajasthan) : Determination of optimum spacing of columns and material consumption in library buildings. J Instn Engrs-Pt PR 2005, 86(April), 7-14.

Books' stacks and reading halls occupy the major portion of libraries. Such area is supported on columns in most of the libraries. Many authors have suggested more or less similar spacing of columns, hence an attempt was made to determine the optimum spacing columns in order to keep the cost minimum. Several library modules with different spacing of columns have been designed using STRUDS 8.7 software. Square module with spacing of columns at 5.94 m both sides ws found to be cost effective. Model plans, square in shape were developed using optimum modules, for institutes of different student strengths. Detailed quantitieis were worked out and relationships were established for cement concrete, steel, PCC and formwork with respect to floor area of library blocks. Distribution of steel in various parts of library buildings was computed as 52%, 24%, 19% and 5% for beams, slabs, columns and footings, respectively.

5 illus, 4 tables, 6 ref

010953   Majali V;Prasad B N;Bhat A K (Mechanical Engng Dep, Gogte Inst of Technol, Belgaum) : Development of an analytical tool in modelling of non-air-conditioned multi-zone buildings. J Instn Engrs-Pt PR 2005, 86(April), 15-19.

Paper presents a transient periodic heat transfer analysis of non-air-coditioned multi-zone buildings taking into account the effects of heat fluxes through various facades of buildings including windows, air ventilation and infiltration, furnishings and ground heat conduction. A user-friendly computer software has been developed for the above mentioned purpose. The validity of the analysis and the building simulation software has been checked by comparing the results with those obtained by running commercial software SUNCODE for the same input data. The comparison shows a good agreement between the two. Further a comparison is made between single-zone modelling and multi-zone modelling. The multi-zone modelling is seen to be more accurate. The analytical model presented here for expressing forcing functions and the solution as periodic functions which can be expressed as Fourier series differs from the more widely used finite difference method in conventional buildings simulation packages. The building simulation package developed would be an aid to building architects for better thermal design of non-air-conditioned buildings.

3 illus, 15 ref

008698   Vimala S;Udahya Kumar R;Kumarasamy K (Rur Technol Cent, Gandhigram Rural University, Dindigul-624 302, Email: Vims02@rediffmail.com) : Alternative building material for rural housing using industrial waste materials. J rur Technol 2005, 1(6), 254-60.

Availability of natural sand is getting depleted and also it is becoming costly the feasibility of using waste materials (rice husk ash, quarry dust) as building materials were studied by making them into stabilized soil blocks. Cement was used as a stabilizer. By the use of soil block making machine "MARDINI press" stabilized blocks were prepared by using different proportions of industrial waste materials along with the stabilizers and soil. The size of the block is 23 x 19 x 10 cm. The blocks were cured for a period of 21 days and then tested for its wet and dry compressive strengths. The cost analysis for different proportions was also made. In view of compressive strength and cost. 57% soil + 33% quarry dust + 5% of rice husk ash + 5% cement combination showed good results followed by 52% soil + 33% sand + of rice husk ash + cement. When it is compared with other building materials like burnt bricks and hollow blocks, the stabilized mud blocks with 33% quarry dust + 5% rice husk ash recorded better compressive strength of 45.11 Kg / Cm² less cost of Rs. 2.75 per block. Hence quarry dust and rice husk ash were found to be an alternative eco-friendly building material for preparing stabilized mud blocks for rural housing.

5 tables, 5 ref

008697   Mishra D;Mohanty S S;Roy Chaudhury G;Das R P (Regional Res Lab, , Bhubaneswar-751 013) : Abatement of As(V) from water using various biomaterials. J rur Technol 2005, 1(6), 266-70.

Number of locally available biomaterials like oyster shell, charcoal, saw dust, coir, rice husk, rice straw, rice bran and mushroom waste were used to sorb As(V) from the solution. The kinetics of biomaterials were fast and within 2 hours equilibrium could be achieved. The As(V) sorption was dependent on pH of the solution. Optimum pH for sorption process was established for all the biomaterials. Among the sorbents tested oyster shell was better biomaterial in terms of As(V) removal efficiency. At 4% pulp density the oyster shell could remove about 80% As(V) from an initial concentration of 10 mg/L. The effect of parameters, like concentration variation of sorbent and sorbate were also studied.

6 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

019967   Nameer P Q;Osterberg P;Mahmud M S (Wildlife Sciences Dep. College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural Univ, Thrissur, Kerala, Email: nameer.ommer@gmail.com) : Orange-bellied Himalayan squirrel Dremomys lokriah in Lawachara National park, Bangladesh. Zoos Print J 2007, 22(6), 2732.

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010361   Uygunoglu T;Unal O (Technical Education Faculty, Afyon Kocatepe University, Turkey, Email: uygunoglu@aku.edu.tr) : New approach to determination of compressive strength of fly ash concrete using fuzzy logic. J scient ind Res 2006, 65(11), 894-9.

Determination of effect of fly ash (FA) content on the compressive strength of concrete depending on water/cement ratio and concrete age was investigated by use of fuzzy logic (FL) approach. In the approach of modelling with FL, compressivc strength values of various sample of concrete that produced by replacement of cement by F class of FA by ratio of 0 (control), 10%, 20% and 30% were used. Water/binder ratio of these concrete samples was varied between 0.27-0.60 in six different values. Experimental compressive strength values of the concrete specimens at 3, 7, 28, 90, 180 and 365 days compared with FL values obtained using the fuzzy sets. Optimum FA content and water/binder ratio for the best compressive strength for early age and hardened concrete can be obtained with FL.

7 illus, 4 tables, 18 ref

007137   Uygunoglu T;Unal O (Afyon Kocatepe Univ, Tech Educ Fac, Turkey, Email: uygunoglu@aku.edu.tr) : New approach to determination of compressive strength of fly ash concrete using fuzzy logic. J scient ind Res 2006, 65(11), 894-9.

Determination of effect of fly ash (FA) content on the compressive strength of concrete depending on water/cement ratio and concrete age was investigated by use of fuzzy logic (FL) approach. In the approach of modelling with FL, compressive strength values of various sample of concrete that produced by replacement of cement by F class of FA by ratio of 0 (control). 10%, 20% and 30% were used. Water/binder ratio of these concrete samples was varied between 0.27-0.60 in six different values. Experimental compressive strength values of the concrete specimens at 3, 7, 28, 90, 180 and 365 days compared with FL values obtained using the fuzzy sets. Optimum FA content and water/binder ratio for the best compressive strength for early age and hardened concrete can be obtained with FL.

7 illus, 4 tables, 18 ref

006077   Vijaykumar K C K;Srinivasan P S S;Dhandapani S (Dep of Mechanical Engng, Kongu Engng Coll, Perundurai, Erode-638 052, Email: vijikck@yahoo.com) : Transient thermal analysis of hollow clay tiled concrete roof for energy conservation and comfort. J scient ind Res 2006, 65(8), 670-4.

New concept of laying hollow clay tiles (HCT) over RCC instead of Weathering Course (WC). Transient heat transmission across roof structures for typical Indian climatic conditions has been studied. Energy savings with HCT roof is found to be 38-63% than conventional WC roof. When air is allowed to flow through the hollow passages, air flow is found to take care of all variations in the outside climate and solar radiation, thus providing almost uniform roof bottom surface temperature.

6 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

023079   Aydin K (Civil Engineering Dep. Engineering Faculty, Erciyes Univ, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey, Email: kaydin@erciyes.edu.tr) : Evaluation of Turkish seismic code for mass irregular buildings. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2007, 14(3), 220-34.

Several earthquake-prone countries including Turkey do not consider vertical mass discontinuity as a type of structural irregularity in their seismic codes. However, other earthquake prone countries clearly explain the mass irregularity and have limitations on the use of approximate methods to determine the earthquake forces developed in an irregular structure. The applicability of equivalent lateral force procedure of the Turkish earthquake code for mass irregular buildings is examined in this study. This is achieved by comparing the approximate results to those obtained by linear and non-linear time history analyses. 75 real and 100 simulated earthquake records are used in time history analyses. Two-dimensional 5, 10, and 20-story structures idealized as shear and frame buildings are studied. Mass irregularity is resulted from varying the mass of one floor and keeping the other story masses constant. Effect of altering the mass of different floors is also investigated. The comparison of the analysis results shows that the approximate method always overestimates the linear behaviour regardless of structure height, building rigidity and degree of mass irregularity. The method, however, underestimates the non-linear response of story columns. In light of the results obtained in this study, the inclusion of mass irregularity to the code appears appropriate.

7 illus, 6 tables, 13 ref

021132   Nasiruddin (Anthropology Dep, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh, , Email: nuchoton@yahoo.com) : Study on the traditional housing technology of Bangladesh. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2008, 7(3), 494-500.

Across history of human civilization, ecological factors motivated people of different periods in shaping their settlement strategy. From the very commencement of people's settlement-practice, housing practice became the symbol of protection and safety for human existence. Whenever people think of housing construction, ecological factors have been given the principal contemplation to cope with the hostile natural calamities and unusual environmental behaviour. People around the world still maintain and practice this trend historical, pragmatic and situational in housing construction. Indigenous people across the world have hereditarily been exercising this sort of housing technology for years that includes ecological and environmental reflection. However, even modern architectural design embodies the discourse of 'environmentally-sound' in construction process. With the increased economic dimension of human life, economic factors are also reflected in the domain of housing technology that includes cost-effectiveness and sustainability, etc. The paper explores one of such traditional housing technologies, mud-made housing technology bring widely practiced in different parts of Bangladesh. It explores the state and architecture, ecological and economic reasoning of the mud-made housing technology of Bangladesh.

005898   Shangari N K;Dave S G;Jain H K;Chhabra K L; Rajeev (NO, Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee-247 667) : Conscious effort for downsizing prefabrication for rural housing. Indian J Rural Technol 2006, 2(5), 224-8.

Housing, particularly the construction of safe, functional and durable dwelling units in rural and semi-urban locations of a vast country like India at an affordable cost still remains as an important concern of the society. The concept of large panel, box total segmental of prefabrication in housing is practice all over the western and technologically advanced world, in which building elements/components are fabricated in centralized factory set-ups and the on-site assembly is carried out through highly mechanized transportation and erection is neither feasible nor preferable in our present socio-economic scenario. A judiciously downscaled and downsized prefabrication ivz; partial prefabrication is a viable alternative to the prefabrication.

3 illus, 1 table

000974   Joshi M;Sawhney R L;Buddhi D (School of Energy and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Engineering Sci, Devi Ahilya University, Khandwa Road, Takshila Campus, Indore-452 017) : Mathematical models for estimation of daylight in buildings. SESI Jl 2006, 16(1), 45-67.

Presents a comprehensive review on mathematical models for estimating daylight in buildings, which is an art and science of harnessing the visible portion of the solar spectrum and its admittance into the built environment. Daylight is essential for sustenance of life on the earth and, therefore, it is important to understand the physics of daylight in order to quantify its availability through various systems and components that are used in modem architecture. Estimation of daylight is required in a number of engineering applications related to energy efficient designing of buildings. Maximising the use of daylight to supplement electric lighting in buildings offers enormous energy saving opportunities. Also gives a comprehensive review of various computer softwares being used for optimum prediction of the distribution of daylight in a habitat.

4 illus, 8 tables, 42 ref

000973   Jain R (Architecture Dep, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal-462 007) : Thermal response of houses in mass housing projects. SESI Jl 2006, 16(1), 23-31.

One of the important aspects dealing with conservation of conventional energy in cities is the designing of energy efficient buildings that are able to extract light and heat energy from the nature. The dense urban setting, however, restricts access to sun and wind for a large number of buildings, even though these are abundantly available in nature. Availability of solar radiation and wind - chief components; of the climate - influences the level of comfort inside the buildings. So, gadgets working on conventional energy are empl6yed when climatic elements are not accessible due to inadequate open spaces around the buildings. In cities, open spaces around buildings may not be determined just by choice since spaces are regulated by the municipal byelaws, which regulate development rate and population density of the locality. Quite often, these lead to a form of development, which has least concern for the climate as well as availability of sun and wind to the buildings. Aims to present a discussion on urban settings under which buildings are located in an Indian city along with their thermal response to the available surroundings. It was observed, through conducting real study of urban houses placed in various circumstances, that theoretical assumptions of orientation and thermal gain phenomenon are not true when buildings are subjected to narrow street width as well as small side and rear open spaces in a dense urban locality.

9 illus, 6 ref

000974   Joshi M;Sawhney R L;Buddhi D (School of Energy and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Engineering Sci, Devi Ahilya University, Khandwa Road, Takshila Campus, Indore-452 017) : Mathematical models for estimation of daylight in buildings. SESI Jl 2006, 16(1), 45-67.

Presents a comprehensive review on mathematical models for estimating daylight in buildings, which is an art and science of harnessing the visible portion of the solar spectrum and its admittance into the built environment. Daylight is essential for sustenance of life on the earth and, therefore, it is important to understand the physics of daylight in order to quantify its availability through various systems and components that are used in modem architecture. Estimation of daylight is required in a number of engineering applications related to energy efficient designing of buildings. Maximising the use of daylight to supplement electric lighting in buildings offers enormous energy saving opportunities. Also gives a comprehensive review of various computer softwares being used for optimum prediction of the distribution of daylight in a habitat.

4 illus, 8 tables, 42 ref

000973   Jain R (Architecture Dep, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal-462 007) : Thermal response of houses in mass housing projects. SESI Jl 2006, 16(1), 23-31.

One of the important aspects dealing with conservation of conventional energy in cities is the designing of energy efficient buildings that are able to extract light and heat energy from the nature. The dense urban setting, however, restricts access to sun and wind for a large number of buildings, even though these are abundantly available in nature. Availability of solar radiation and wind - chief components; of the climate - influences the level of comfort inside the buildings. So, gadgets working on conventional energy are empl6yed when climatic elements are not accessible due to inadequate open spaces around the buildings. In cities, open spaces around buildings may not be determined just by choice since spaces are regulated by the municipal byelaws, which regulate development rate and population density of the locality. Quite often, these lead to a form of development, which has least concern for the climate as well as availability of sun and wind to the buildings. Aims to present a discussion on urban settings under which buildings are located in an Indian city along with their thermal response to the available surroundings. It was observed, through conducting real study of urban houses placed in various circumstances, that theoretical assumptions of orientation and thermal gain phenomenon are not true when buildings are subjected to narrow street width as well as small side and rear open spaces in a dense urban locality.

9 illus, 6 ref

019225   Chandel D (Human Genetics Div, Zoology Dep, Gujarat Univ, Ahmedabad-380 009, Email: divya_chandel@yahoo.com) : Case of 18q-deletion with balanced translocation t(15;18)(p13;q21.3) in the mother. J Cell Tissue Res 2008, 8(1), 1281-4.

The 18q deletion syndrome can be caused by several terminal and interstitial deletions of which terminal deletions of the distal part of 18q are known as the De Grouchy syndrome. A female infant with distal 18_q deletion confirmed by G-banding is reported, who was referred for delayed development. Subsequent karyotyping in parents revealed that the deletion was inherited from the mother who carried a balanced reciprocal translocation between chromosome 15 and 18-46,XX,t(15;18)(pl3;q21.3).

^ccr2 illus, 10 ref

001001   Mathur R;Misra A K;Goel P (Central Road Research Institute, , New delhi-110 020, Email: rmathur.erri@nic.in ) : Influence of wollastonite on mechanical properties of concrete. J scient ind Res 2007, 66(12), 1029-34.

Studies were made on cement concrete and cement-fly ash concrete mixes incorporating wollastonite as partial substitute of cementitious material and sand respectively. Improvements in compressive (28-35%) and flexural strength (36-42%) at 28 and 56 davs respectively were observed by incorporation of wollastonite (10%) in concrete mixes. By incorporation of wollastonite, reduction in water absorption, drying-shrinkage and abrasion loss of concrete, and enhancement in durability against alternate freezing-thawing and sulphate attack were observed. Because of high concrete strength and abrasion resistance, a better utilization of concrete cross section is possible. Alternatively, thickness of pavement slab can be reduced by incorporation of wollastonite micro-fibres in concrete mixes.

4 illus, 10 ref