020086   Tandon J K;Bakshi H (NO, School of Business and Management Jaipur National Univ, Jaipur-302 017, Email: tandonjk@rediffmail.com) : Guerrilla war in marketing of cement: dealer's perspective. INROADS 2013, 2(2), 149-54.

The cement sector is going through a tough phase. Low gross domestic product (GDP) growth has a direct impact on the sale of cement. Weak economy and oversupply has led to a lot of pressure on the pricing front. All these combined have adversely impacted the profitability of cement companies. In such a scenario, companies are present in the battlefield with guerrilla weapons. This article focuses on different guerrilla marketing tools used by cement companies, which lead to increase in recall value of the brand. Guerrilla marketing tools can give a competitive edge to the company if used properly. It relies on time, energy and imagination rather than on a big budget.

5 tables, 16 ref

020085   Subramanian R;Ramachandran J (Faculty of Business, Multimedia Univ, Malaysia, Email: ramaiyer.subramaniam@mmu.edu.my) : Pedagogical study on effectiveness of corporate governance. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2014, 10(1), 30-42.

Despite the fact that regulators and professional bodies are calling upon the companies to practise good governance, the issues related to governance seem unresolved. The regulators are consistently persuading the practice of "good governance " by providing written criteria on practices required by companies to be appreciated as possessing "good governance". Theories pertaining to governance have undergone numerous changes over the last decade. Nevertheless the impact of such governance promulgation on prevention of fraud is yet to become evident. In this study, we test the statement that the current corporate governance practices may not be adequate unless qualitative factors such as organizational values, cultures, human governance and other internal qualitative factors are given effect to. In order to emphasize this point, Researchers used the case of three companies - a Hong Kong listed company, an unlisted company in Hong Kong and a financial institution listed in the New York Stock Exchange.

3 tables, 35 ref

020084   Santhi P (Commerce Dep, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Wom, Mettupalayam Road, Coimbatore, Email: psanthi66@gmail.com) : Basel III and preparedness of public sector banks in India. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2014, 10(1), 51-60.

Basel III is a comprehensive set of reforms, developed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision which seeks to improve the ability of the banking sector to deal with financial and economic stress, improve risk management and strengthen the bank's transparency and disclosures. In India, the Reserve Bank of India had followed this up by issuing draft guidelines and this process commenced in January 2013 and will culminate in 2017. This paper analyses the preparedness of Indian Public Sector Banks for Pillar 1- Minimum Regulatory Capital Requirements based on Risk Weighted Assets (RWAs): Maintaining capital calculated through credit, market and operational risk areas of Basel III, based on capital adequacy of Tier 1 capital and capacity to face credit risk, market risk and operation risk. The secondary data for the study were collected through published annual reports of banks, RSI reports, journals and websites. The data were analysed through percentage, ratios and comparative statements.

2 illus, 4 tables, 24 ref

020083   Santhi M;NagaNandhini N (NO, Madurai Kamaraj Univ College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, Email: santhimku@gmail.com) : Role and involvement of government agencies and financial institutions in the development of women entrepreneurs in Madurai district. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2014, 10(1), 61-9.

Adequate support of Government agencies and financial institutions is indispensable for enhancing the pace of industrialization. Several institutions have been set up in India in the public and private sectors to provide financial and technical assistance for entrepreneur ship, particularly women entrepreneurs hip and are playing a pivotal role in giving financial and consultancy assistance to entrepreneurs for setting up of new ventures and also for their modernization, diversification and expansion. The Government of India has created a network of financial and development institutions to supply credit and other development and support services. Still small entrepreneurs, especially women, face the problem of credit and other service. This paper focuses on the role and involvement of Government agencies and financial institutions in the development of women entrepreneurship in Madurai District. The assessment has been made on the basis of the perception of women entrepreneurs, Government agencies and financial institutions.

8 tables, 9 ref

020082   Prasad K;Patel D;Sachan B S (Agricultural Economics and Statistics Dep, C.S. Azad Agriculture and Technology Univ, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh) : Economics of production and marketing of groundnut in block Behandar in district Hardoi (Uttar Pradesh). Agric Update 2013, 8(1-2), 307-13.

Study was conducted by survey method. The primary data from the respondents were collected by direct personal interview on well prepared schedules. The farmers were grouped into three size groups of 0-1, 1-2 and 2 hectares and above size groups. Then 50 farmers were selected randomly. The average investment of input cost in the production of groundnut was worked out at Rs.35359 per hectare. It varied from Rs.30651 on marginal farms of below one-hectare size group to Rs.36424 on 1-2 hectare size group. The human labour accounted for the higher share being 35.21 per cent followed by seed 19.24 per cent manure and fertilizer 6.21 per cent and irrigation 6.17 per cent. The average yield of ground nut on the sample farms was 17.17 quintals per hectare varying from 14.5 quintals below 1 hectare size group to 22 quintal per hectare on 2 hectare and above size group. It gave and average gross income of Rs.51510 per hectare, which varied from Rs.43500 to Rs.66000 on the respective size groups. The cost and return analysis resulted in an average net income of Rs. 16151 per hectare. It varied from Rs. 12849 per hectare on marginal farm of below 1 hectare size group to Rs. 16076 on 1 -2 hectare size and Rs.22637 per hectare on 2 hectares and above size group. The input-output ratio in groundnut cultivation came to 1:1.41 to 1:1.52 on different size group of farms. The total market surplus, about 28.22 per cent was sold through channel I, while remaining 71.77 per cent throughout channel II. The producers share in consumer price came a little higher being 87.10 per cent in channel I (regulated market) in comparison to channel II where it was 85.31 per cent total marketing cost being Rs. 151 per quintal in channel I as compared to Rs.87 in channel II.

8 tables, 9 ref

020081   Kuppusamy J;Anantharaman R N (Faculty of Business and Law, Multimedia Univ (Malacca Campus), Malaysia, Email: jayanty.kuppusamy@mmu.edu.my) : Critical review of barriers to export business. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2014, 10(1), 9-18.

Exporting is a common mode to enter international business. However, there are many organisations which face difficulties in their international venture. Therefore, it is critical to understand the export barriers that may affect organizations. The article tries to identify the issues that are related to export barriers. The review found that past researchers have found conflicting findings in terms of export barriers. However, there are some common grounds too.

41 ref

020080   Jayaprakash Kanagaraj D;Clement Sudhahar J (School of Business Leadership and Management, Karunya Univ, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, Email: jayaprakashkanagaraj@gmail.com) : Determinants influencing usage intensity of the B2B web marketing. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2014, 10(1), 43-50.

This article assesses the relative influence of e-commerce website qualities on business to business website usage intensity. Through SPSS, Factor Analysis was executed for data reduction and Regression was performed to know the impact of each factor on the usage intensity. The results proved the effect of qualities like system quality, information quality, service quality and attractiveness on the b2b website usage. System quality and information quality were identified as paramount factors for b2b website success. Systematic evaluation was undertaken to study the set of b2b industries involved in manufacturing and supplying machinery parts like pumps, motors, textile machineries, wet grinders where the scenario may be different to other industrial users. Guidelines for the web designers and e-commerce managers have been suggested to design their website to be more relevant for organizations who crave for eminence presence in the web. In this paper, factors which are stated in b2c model, were taken and tested in the b2b environment.

3 tables, 37 ref

020079   Ismail M B M;Velnampy T (Management Dep, Faculty of Management and Commerce, South Eastern Univ of Sri Lanka, Oluvil, Email: mbmismail1974@gmail.com) : Ranking entrepreneurial characteristics in South Eastern region of Sri Lanka (Sersl): factor score method. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2014, 10(1), 1-8.

Different authors have identified different entrepreneurial characteristics. These lists of entrepreneurial characteristics vary from entrepreneur to entrepreneurs and country to country and industry to industry. Few studies have been done to test the relationship between entrepreneurial characteristics and other variables. Presently, entrepreneur ship is booming everywhere not only in Sri Lanka but also abroad. Therefore, entrepreneurial characteristics should be identified for promoting entrepreneurial effort. Objectives of this research are to identify the different entrepreneurial characteristics suitable for entrepreneurs and to group different entrepreneurial characteristics together. Researcher selected 120 entrepreneurs from different sectors. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Response rate was 60%. Factor analysis was conducted using the SPSS. Results showed reliability statistics for 27 entrepreneurial characteristics at 0.977, which indicates high reliability. However, of these 27 entrepreneurial characteristics, 26 have the communality values ranging from between 0.759 to 0.968. Value of KMO for 26 entrepreneurial characteristics at 0.917, indicates that the sample taken to process factor analysis was statistically significant. Three entrepreneurial character components explain around 38%, 36% & 15% of the total variation respectively. All these three character components explain 89% of the total variation. According to factor scores, entrepreneurial character component 2, 1 and 3 have been ranked into first, second and third respectively. It is concluded that out of 27 entrepreneurial characteristics, 26 are applicable for entrepreneurs in SER. These entrepreneurial characteristics can be cascaded into three character components.

2 tables, 20 ref

020078   Gurmeet Singh;Paul J (NO, Naraini Group of Institutions, Karnal, Email: gurmeet.virk88@gmail.com) : Foreign direct investment in India-trends, pattern and linkage. SMART J Business Mgmt Stud 2014, 10(1), 19-29.

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) plays an important role in the growth process of a country. There are two types of FDI: Inward Foreign Direct Investment (IFDI) and Outward Foreign Direct Investment (OFDI). Analyzed the trends and pattern of FDI in India. To examine the structure of IFDI in India in the past 23 years (1990 -2012), data were collected from various published sources. The trend in India's Foreign Direct Investment, after the economic reforms, was assessed to analyze the impact of IFDI on the economic growth of the country in terms of GDP. The study confirmed that GDP, OFDI and Export have positive significant effects on IFDI in India. On the other hand, the import was not significant in determining the IFDI in the country. It is found that developing nations like India are able to attract IFDI on par with the developed countries while their overseas investment (FDI outflow) is far lesser than the developed countries.

3 illus, 4 tables, ref

020077   Gangeshwar D K (Mathematics Dep, Bhilai Institute of Technology (BIT), Durg, Chhattisgarh, Email: dgangeshwar@yahoo.co.in) : Introduction to search engine marketing: a theoretical study. Int J Adv Comput Inf Technol 2013, 2(2), 31-6.

This paper presents the basic conceptual knowledge about Search Engine Marketing (SEM), awareness, Fraud Click, Pay per click (PPC) model, advantages, and disadvantages. The present development would be a valuable addition to researcher and useful theory for academicians, practitioners, advertisers, and entrepreneurs. The further research areas are the quality of sponsored ad text, ad position, Search Engine Optimization (SEO), Page Rank, yellow pages, bid management etc.

39 ref

020076   Bairwa S L;Singh R;Kushwaha S;Lakra K (Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005, Email: smabm.bhu@gmail.com) : Economic analysis of marketing cost of milk - a case of Jaipur dairy cooperative. Ann Agri Bio Res 2014, 19(1), 190-6.

Study was conducted on economics of milk marketing at Jaipur Dairy Cooperative, Jaipur (Rajasthan) during the financial year 2009-10. In this, an effort was made for economic analysis of marketing costs incurred by Jaipur dairy in milk marketing. The study was based on secondary data of Jaipur Dairy Cooperatives which were collected from the monthly progress reports, audit reports and other related records of Rajasthan Cooperative Dairy Federation, Jaipur Dairy Plant, Jaipur as well as from the milk collection and chilling centers. In order to study the marketing cost which includes the cost of collection and processing of milk, the data were collected from Jaipur Dairy Plant on different aspects viz., chilling charges, transportation cost and commission to milk collection cooperative societies, water and electricity charges, repairs and maintenance, depreciation and interest on capital expenditure. The data were arranged in simple tabular form and simple averages and percentages by total costs were computed, unit costs were also calculated by dividing each cost incurred by the quantity of milk handled. It has been found that the average total cost of milk collection spent by Jaipur Dairy was Rs. 18.79 and the average total cost of milk processing was Rs. 2.33/1 during the year 2009-10. These unit costs of milk collection and milk proeessing are important for policy and decision makers when they make policies and developmental programmes related to dairy sector for boosting the economy.

4 tables, 5 ref

020075   Anant Kumar;Brij Vikash;Indu;Phool Kumari; Srivastava R P (NO, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Auraiya, Uttar Pradesh) : Job satisfaction regarding Panchayati Raj system among government officials and elected representatives. Agric Update 2013, 8(1-2), 144-6.

Present study was conducted to assess the job satisfaction among government officials and elected representative under Panchayati Raj system. For the purpose, 150 respondents were selected at rendom from two CD blocks, namely Shankar Garh and Zasra of Bara Thasil of Allahabad District. A majority (60%) of the Government Officials were having Job satisfaction score between 28-48 whereas a majority (65.34%) of elected representatives were having Job satisfaction score between 27-47. The independent variable like family size, materials possession and social participation of G.O. were found to be positively and significanty correlated with their Job satisfaction. In case of E.R. family type and cast was observed to be significantly and positively correlated with their Job satisfaction.

4 tables, 4 ref

019041   Rajesh Kumar;Saini R (NO, , ) : Job satisfaction and organizational commitmen among nurses at mental hospital. J Nurs Sci Pract 2013, 3(2), 13-8.

Job satisfaction and organizational commitment among employees are two important key components of any successful organization. There is sufficient evidence of research studies in Asia that explains level of satisfaction and organizational commitment among employees. Still there is need to explore these crucial aspects of the organization leading to undertaking of present study. A descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. Convenience sampling technique was used to enroll 44 nurses working at Institute of Human Behavior and Allied Sciences (IHBAS), New Delhi. Self developed Instruments: Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS) and Organizational Commitment Scale (OCS) were used to collect data related to Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment among nurses. Findings show that 45% of nurses were highly satisfied with their job while 36% were highly committed to organization. Further, job satisfaction level was not associated with personnel attributes of nurses but organizational commitment was significantly associated with age (p=0.012) and designation (p=0.036) of nurses. Study also reveals a moderate positive correlation (r=0.317) between JSS and OCS. It is also evident that nurses who experienced high job satisfaction levels were highly committed to the organization. The study findings reported moderate job satisfaction and organizational commitment among nurses. The findings of the study recommend identification of factors influencing job satisfaction arid organizational commitment and the use of information to conduct periodic checks upon facility available and hindering factors for achieving desired level of job satisfaction and commitment towards organization among nurses. Small sample size was only limitation of the study.

019040   Mitreva E;Taskov N;Kitanov V;Filiposki O; Dzaleva T (NO, Faculty of Tourism and Business Logistics, Goce Delcev Univ, Shtip, macedonia, Email: elizabeta.mitreva@ugd.edu.mk) : Models of TQM strategy in the world and the need for macedonian model of excellence. Int J pure appl Sci Technol 2013, 16(1), 69-79.

In this paper are being given diagnoses and analyzes of American, European and Japanese model of management excellence as well as the existing model in Macedonian companies. Building policy and strategy in Macedonian companies by comparison with best practice using benchmarking strategy has become a mass phenomenon and trend in our country, which led to imitation, directly copying a competitor or directly supporting competing products, and also a kind of manipulation with the customers/users. These is the result of non-inventive access of the Macedonian managers, suppression of their own creativity, breaking their own working standards, etc. To improve the situation of the Macedonian companies, in this article a model for excellence in modification of existing EFQM (European) model and its adaptation to our conditions is being proposed. With the implementation of this method will enable continuous assessment of their own abilities, competing positions and permanent implementation of improvements.

4 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

019039   Mitreva E;Taskov N;Kitanov V;Filiposki O; Dzaleva T (NO, Faculty of Tourism and Business Logistics, Goce Delcev Univ, Shtip, Macedonia, Email: elizabeta.mitreva@ugd.edu.mk) : Need for information system design in building a house of quality. Int J pure appl Sci Technol 2013, 16(1), 26-33.

Flow of information is an important quality assurance system of the subsystem. The use of information technology enables fast data transfer, product modeling, electronic data transfer for the demands of the customers / users, as well as fast and efficient production.In this paper, the analysis of the Macedonian companies is being given in terms of the extent to which they use relevant information while conducting the business processes and measures that the top management should undertake in order to improve communication systems. The attempt to answer these questions requires building information system as part of the quality system and as necessity in the process of design and implementation of TQM (Total Quality Management) system. The TQM strategy founded this way denotes integration of information technology with internal standardization, methods and techniques for flawless production, optimized costs, as well as education and motivation of the employees in which team spirit is present.

2 illus, 32 ref

019038   Marngar D;Wanswett I (Zoology Dep, Synod College, Shillong-793 002, Email: dmarngar@gmail.com) : Meat consumption rate and its economy in Meghalaya. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2013, 33(2), 201-6.

Meghalaya food comprises office along with fish or meat preparations. In fact, rice is the staple food of the people of Meghalaya. About 80 -85% of the total human population in Meghalaya consumes meat. There is a huge demand of cattle in the state; thus, animals form a part of village economy for meat, milk and to a lesser extent manure. There is lot of scopes for the rural people of Meghalaya in cattle farming, piggery, and poultry to produce these animals and meet the demands in the markets in the state. This business would help rural people from unemployment, eradicate poverty, increase rural economy and also increase the economy of the state as a whole.

6 tables, 7 ref

019037   Jarial S K;Garg R K (Mechanical Engineering Dep, D.C.R. Science & Technology Univ, Murthal) : Supplier selection model using DBA methodology- a case study to car automobile industry. Arya Bhatta J Math Inf 2013, 5(1), 121-30.

The complexity of managing an international operating environment has changed significantly over the last few years. As more and more MNCs begin entering the Indian market in an effort to establish long-term competitive advantages and low cost production sites, there becomes an even greater need for a developed business infrastructure, globally integrated technology processes, greater overall efficiency, increased coordination of procedures and synchronized learning efforts. In fact, selection problem is more crucial for the automobile industry to select best supplier, as it a multi-criteria decision problem (MCDM). Among the available literature, the Distance Based Approximation (DBA) Method has been recognised as an appropriate tool to tackle this problem, which is one of the MCDM techniques. In this paper, a case study is reported to illustrate an innovative model for cars. The proposed model can provide not only a framework for the organisation to select best supplier, but also capability to deploy the company strategy to suppliers, Added to this, it also has the flexibility to select and modify any number of vendors, criteria and sub -criteria to responds to the changing needs of the industry due to dynamic business environment. The analysis, evaluation, selection and ranking of the supplier have been made on the basis of eight criteria. However, such methodology has been evolved for cars automobiles till to date for structural modelling and analysis. Added to this, it also has flexibility to respond to the changing needs of the organisation due to dynamic business environment. Through an illustration of the proposed model, it is found that vendor selection problem can be solved in a structural and timely manner.

3 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

019036   Chandra S (NO, Fatepur High (H.S.) School, P.O. Fatepur, Via: Subarnapur, Dist- Nadia-741 249, Email: suvrachandra.nit@gmail.com) : Evaluating the efficiency of internet use in the Rishi Bankim Chandra Evening College Library of West Bengal, India: an analysis. Indian J Inf Libr Soc 2012, 25(1-2), 110-19.

Internet has emerged as a powerful learning tool. Internet skill has allowed the user to improve their academic quality by providing them the latest information and access to worldwide information in a short period. Internet consists of a large number of linked computer networks forming a global network. This is largely open and free, allowing users to communicate with each other for work and recreational purposes. Internet is a network of networks. The use of accessing information through Web Browsers has become so popular over the last few years that an increasing number of Web Based software programmes are being developed throughout the world. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of Internet use in the Rishi Bankim Chandra EveningCollege Library of West Bengal, India.

10 tables, 4 ref

019035   Borkar S;Joshi R M;Khogare D T (Family Resource Management Dep, L.A.D. College for Women, Nagpur, Maharashtra) : Role of advertising for entrepreneurs. Pantnagar J Res 2013, 11(1), 142-4.

Present investigation was carried out in Nagpur City of Maharashtra State, during the year 2008-09. For this investigation, 100 entrepreneurs were selected from five zones of Nagpur city randomly. Information collected through questionnaire cum interview method and suitable statistical techniques were used. Present investigation concluded that 77 per cent entrepreneur use pamphlets for advertisement where as a very negligible percentage entrepreneur used broacher for advertisement, 60 per cent entrepreneurs used exhibition marketing strategy was used whereas 10 per cent entrepreneurs follow door to door sale practice, entrepreneurs spend approx. Rs. 5,779.5 for advertising. Each entrepreneur can afford this amount for advertising as it was done yearly, entrepreneurs used special schemes for sale their products. Most of the times the entrepreneurs used occasion wise schemes followed by buy one get one free.

5 illus, 3 ref

017950   Singh S K;Tripathi P (NO, TIT-MBA, Bhopal, Email: singh_satish2001@rediffmail.com) : Current scenario of organized retailing in India. Curr Trends Technol Sci 2014, 1(3), 134-5.

Retail sector of India is now among top five fastest growing markets globally and by 2015 it is going to touch $ 637 bn. Most of it is going to be through Modern retail i.e. through shopping malls, which is expected to increase by 22% by 2015 and the number of malls is going to touch a promising figure of 500 approximately by 2015. The total mall area available in India is more than 900 lacs sqft. The economic environment has changed and retailers are not confident of developer's ability to get enough foot all. That's why no retailer would like to be the first to test the water. He would like to wait to understand the synergy with other tenants before stopping into a mall. Anchor tenants hesitation will make life difficult for mall developers as they are already facing excess retail capacity.

8 ref

017949   Saran M (NO, , , Email: maheshsaran22@gmail.com) : Recent it trends in banking industry in India. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(2), 73-7.

Banking industry has experienced a series of significant transformations in the last few decades. Among the most important of them is the change in the type of organizations that dominate the landscape. Since the eighties, banks have increased the scope and scale of their activities and several banks have become very large institutions with a presence in multiple regions of the country. The paper examines the new trends in commercial banking. The economy can be divided in the entire spectrum of economic activity into the real and monetary sectors. The real sector is where production takes place while the monetary sector supports this production and in a way is the means to the end. Authors know and we accept the financial system is critical to the working of the rest of the economy. In fact, the Asian crisis of the nineties, or for that matter what happened in Latin America and Russia subsequently and also Dubai Crisis have shown how a fragile financial sector can wreak havoc on the rest of the economy.

5 ref

017948   Nainar B (JnNURM Wing, Bus Route Roads Dep, Corporation of Chennai, Ripon Buildings, Chennai-600 003) : Current challenges faced by the human resources (HR) professionals in Chennai city. Res Highlight 2013, 23(2), 135-42.

From the detailed analysis and various discussions held by the researcher as part of this study, the current challenges faced by the HR professionals in Chennai city were noted. The expected outcome of the research study reveals that the effectiveness of HR audit among HR professionals in high. The study gives the understanding of HR audit and the effects and impact of HR audit. Besides this, study also fulfilled the researcher's expectations.

15 tables, 3 ref

017947   Geetha D (Commerce Dep, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Wom, Coimbatore-641 043) : Customer's brand preference towards televisions. Res Highlight 2013, 23(2), 126-34.

The research study was conducted with the help of 300 respondents to understand the new brand TV preference by customers in Coimbatore. Television and entertainment industry generates employment and income to millions of people and artists in entertainment industry. Manufacturing and ancillary industries and technicians also contribute to the growth of this industry. It protects the morale of public in the society by providing reasonable entertainment at cheaper cost at home to all. The television industry contributes significantly to the economic development of the country.

7 tables, 4 ref

017946   Adetunji A A;Ibraheem A G;Fasoranbaku O (Mathematics and Statistics Dep, Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria, Email: adecap4u@yahoo.com) : On structural stability of economic variables in Nigeria: the military-civilian comparison. Int J pure appl Sci Technol 2013, 18(2), 1-8.

Cheerless growth record in most African countries, relative to other regions of the world has been of concern to researchers. Major causes of this decline in Nigeria's economic fortunes have been political instability and bad governance, most especially in the 1990s. Military rule in Nigeria, as has been the case in most other countries with prolonged military rule, led to economic and social stagnation and decline. So much hope from civilian government but almost sixteen years down the road, a major question among Nigerians is that "are we better off? Though government in recent times have been claiming numerous achievements in economic development in various sector but this seem not to have been felt by a large number of the populace. This paper examines the military rule in Nigeria from 1983 to 1998 and democratic rule from 1999 to 2011 for structural change in the savings and net income. Using The Chow Test, it is revealed that there no the savings-income relations have not undergone a structural change in Nigeria with attention to civilian-military comparison. This implies that there is no significant difference in the savings habit of various governments in Nigeria with respect to the military and civilian regimes.

3 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref

016972   Thareja P;Khushwaha M;Thareja M (NO, , ) : Industry responsive metallurgical engineering education quality through TQM. J Mater metall Engng 2014, 4(1), 13-22.

There is impending shortage of metallurgical engineering fresh graduates, partly due to their exodus into more remunerative and rosy sectors. This paper attempts to highlight the problems and also offers conceptual solutions to abate them. One of the most potent solutions lies in the requisite motivation of students to get thickly absorbed in the TQM(total quality management) environment. This paper attempts to pose issues and map the framework for initiating corrective and preventive actions. In its vital failing the consequent shortage of metallurgical engineering graduates is all set to jeopardize the governmental plans for chasing metal production (as per planned requirements) in India.It is envisaged that the solution rests in improvement of capatence(capacity + competence) and compettitude (competence + attitude) of both teacher and student, beginning right from the teacher. Continual Improvement in quality of teachers by improving pedagogical skills and attitude should be expeditiously harnessed in linewith the voice of the customer.

016971   Thakur A;Geete V (NO, Acropolis Institute of Technology, Indore, Email: anshuthakur@acropolis.in) : "Study on work-life balance of female employees in education sector". Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(3), 45-51.

Government of Indian as well as of states and others too are advocating for increasing the contribution of women in the society for that the government has also introduced reservation for women as well as age limit has been increased for applying to government jobs for women. It has increased the contribution of Indian women in the economy of family and country. But what about the balance between their work life and family life. For that purpose such study has been conducted and the data has been collected from the women respondents of education sector. It has been came out that women's are facing difficulty in managing their personal and professional life at the same time.

1 table, 29 ref

016970   Singh S K;Tripathi P (NO, Technocrats Group of Institutions, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, Email: pratyush077@gmail.com) : Decision making styles of consumer in buying food products: a study of Bhopal city. Curr Trends Technol Sci 2013, 2(2), 230-3.

With the growth in number of consumers in India, it is important to study the buying behavior of consumers. This study is an attempt to investigate the decision making styles of consumers. The consumer decision making process, which is a complex phenomenon and There are number of factors that could affect the purchase decision of goods or services. Decision making is more complex and even more important for consumers today than in the past. 86 consumers were selected randomly for the study. By a structured questionnaire the Consumer's decision making styles were identified and factor analysis method used for analysis. These styles were shopping enjoyment, habitual buying, consciousness of brand, perfectionist & quality consciousness, brand loyalty, confused by over choices, impulse buying and store loyalty.

1 table, 13 ref

016969   Singh A K;Singh S K;Tripathi P (NO, Sadhu Vaswani College, Bairagarh, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, Email: pratyush077@gmail.com) : Consumer buying behavior and brand perception in shopping malls-a study of DB city mall, Bhopal. Curr Trends Technol Sci 2013, 2(2), 226-9.

In India Retail shopping through Shopping Malls is taking a shape of an industry worth Rs 17000 Cr. In Bhopal (the capital of Madhya Pradesh) is the most favorite place for the shopping malls in Madhya Pradesh after Indore. In Bhopal C21 Mall, Ashima Mall, DB City Mall, Best Price, Reliance, Hyper city, Vishal Mega Mart, V-Mart, Big Bazar, Apoorti, Next Gen etc all big players are trying to establish their market share in the region. The current study concentrates on comparative analysis of consumer buying behavior and brand perception towards shopping malls in Bhopal District. The main factor of consumer is buying power, which in result, determines their buying behavior and perception of brands in shopping malls. Shopping Malls offers family outing, the fun & entertainment, shopping and eating junction. Age of the consumer is the most important factor in shopping Malls in daily footfalls. Different age group consumers visit different shopping malls and they impact on the buying behavior.

15 ref

016968   Shelke A;Ali Abdalrahman Diaa Alddin (Management Science Dep, Dr. Bamu, Aurangabad, Email: meet_abhijeet@yahoo.com) : Comparison between the Islamic and conventional banking system. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(3), 69-75.

In order to meet the growing financial needs, Islamic banking has emerged as the important facet of an economic system in recent times, the philosophy of Islamic banking, i.e. interest - free banking is to creat a healthy financial system. It augers well for both the banker as will as the borrower and create a win - win situation. The conventional banking by large supports, the banker and it is observed that only rich people could comply with it. Basically, it promotes capitalism. Whereas, interest - free banking instills a sense of confidence even among small business men. A business firm with limited cash reserves can also be benefited by the interest - free banking system. Despite its unique features and advantages, it has not gained momentum in the world of business.

11 ref

016967   Quirk R G;Van Zwieten L;Kimber S;Downie A; Morris S;Rust J (NO, , Duranbah, NSW 2487, Australia, Email: rgquirk@bigpond.com) : Utilization of biochar in sugarcane and sugar-industry management. Sugar Tech 2012, 14(4), 321-6.

Sugarcane industry in many parts of the world produces food and energy (stationary and fuel). The industry is well positioned to offer greenhouse gas abatement and climate change mitigation. The thermal conversion, via a slow pyrolysis process, of cane residues such as green harvest trash and bagasse can produce thermal or electrical energy as well as biochar. Studies have shown that a commercial slow pyrolysis unit could generate over 1 MWhr of electricity from every two tonnes of trash (dry basis), with a biochar recover of between 31.3-33.6%. Due to its highly stable nature, biochar has recently been suggested as a sequestration pathway to remove CO₂ from the atmosphere. One tonne of bagasse derived biochar would sequester in the order of 2.3 tonnes of CO₂ equivalents. In addition to C sequestration, biochar has other significant benefits (when used as a soil amendment) such as offering improved soil quality, higher CEC and nutrient availability, and improved soil physical characteristics. This work demonstrates that biochar application can reduce emissions of greenhouse gases from cane soils, such as nitrous oxide. Biochars derived from cane trash and bagasse were applied in incubation studies to soils from the Burdekin region in Australia. We found declines in emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N₂O), from urea-fertilised soil when bagasse biochar was applied at a rate of 10 t/ha. The agronomic performance of biochar is being assessed in a 15 plot trial conducted on a sugar cane property in the Tweed Valley, NSW. Biochars (from non-sugarcane sources) were tested using relevant controls. Each plot consists of 3 rows of cane and was 30 m in length to enable commercial-scale harvesting. Although no significant effects in yield have been recorded this trial is expected to continue for several more seasons allowing additional data on yield effects to be evaluated. The work has demonstrated that implementing slow pyrolysis and biochar utilisation in the sugarcane industry has potential to provide (1) renewable energy (2) income from waste (3) climate mitigation through stabilisation of carbon and (4) climate mitigation through reduced emission of N₂O from soil. Further research is required to demonstrate agronomic benefits of sugarcane biochars and to develop an understanding of how they may address soil constraints in these systems.

2 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref

016966   Philip S;Revikumar K G (NO, Karpagam Univ, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-641 021, Email: subashphilip@hotmail.com) : Prices of some branded drugs of eight therapeutic categories. Hygeia 2012, 4(2), (NULL).

Five fastest moving brands of 54 generic drugs in eight therapeutic classes comprising a total of 323 brandswere ranked based on retail sales twelve major retailers of Kannur and Kasargodin Kerala using a pretested questionnaire to find the percentage variation inprices between brands. Over the years the numbers of drugswhose prices are controlled have come down to ninety one. Rest of the drugs arepriced with huge profit margins and even life saving and essential medicineshave not been spared. A preliminary survey was conducted to understand thetherapeutic categories which had highest sales. The selected brands were rankedin the order of their sale volume. Percentageprice variation between different fast moving brands in the therapeutic classesof Analgesics, Antiasthma, Antibiotics, Cardiovascular, Antidiabetics,Antiulcer, Hypolipidemics and Antipsychotics varies from 33% - 1620%. A pricecorridor should be fixed for brands coming under these generics to preventexploitation of patients. Branding and marketing strategies enable top-ofthe-mind brand recall to catapult brands to the dominant positions in the mindsof prescribers.

016965   Pareek A;Pincha S (NO, Faculty of Engineering Life Sciences and Management, IASE Deemed Univ, Sardarshahr, Email: avinash_bims@rediffmail.com) : Social media and business environment. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2013, 2(1), 33-41.

Today's world is moving at an ever increasing pace. New technologies, opportunities, threats all force companies to have the ability to be able to change rapidly in order to stay competitive and survive in increasingly harder business climates. In this paper authors look at how new generations working with new types of media can play a vital role in how a company goes about its change management decisions. The focus is centered on the use of social media in a business environment. In this paper we have come to the conclusion that an implementation of social media will yield faster and better communications within a company and also make the company more transparent where every employee's opinions can be read, documented and saved for future use. This information can later be utilized when carrying out and managing change in a business environment. Social media is a, at least in the field of academia, young phenomena. There has not been an extensive research in the subject, especially not with regard to uses in organizations. For this reason we have chosen to make use of many sources from as diverse fields as possible and focused on finding at least two, of each other independent sources, wherever possible to verify statements. Also relied on the own experience from working with social media and the knowledge gained through the course of consuming literature on the subject to assess sources. Apart from the sources we have listed in the reference section we have also taken part of much more material to further the own basic knowledge and understanding of social media.

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016964   Nair M (NO, International School of Informatics & Management Technical Campus, Jaipur, Rajasthan, Email: nairmanju14@yahoo.com) : Enabling strategic HR: the way forward. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2013, 2(2), 24-34.

With nearly twenty years of hopeful rhetoric about becoming "strategic partners" with a "seat at the table" where the business decisions that matter are made and with a great deal of normative writing about the role HR should play the truth of the matter is most HR professionals aren't even close. The majority of HR executives remain, to all extent and purposes, neither strategic nor leaders. Studies, books and Articles argue that HR needs to become a strategic partner. But there is relatively little evidence to suggest that HR is making any structural and competency changes it needs, to provide increasing value -added contributions to the business. A great deal has changed in the global business environment but has HR organization made the corresponding changes? Is HR becoming a strategic partner or not? What does becoming a strategic partner necessitate? And is the HR function more effectual when it is a strategic partner? The answers to these questions are decisive to the future development and direction of the HR function in organizations.

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016963   Malhan N (NO, Shri JJT Univ, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, Email: nidhimalhan1@gmail.com) : Innovative recruitment techniques and it's impact on job seekers. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2013, 2(2), 137-9.

The most important corporate resource over the next few years will be talent: smart, sophisticated business people who are technologically literate, globally astute, and operationally agile. human resource management process comprises the following programs: human resource planning, recruitment, selection, professional development, performance appraisal, and compensation. Human resource planning involves identifying staffing needs, forecasting available personnel, and determining what additions or replacements are required to maintain a staff of the desired quantity and quality to achieve the organization's goals. The human resource planning function involves three different elements: job analysis, forecasting demand and supply, and legal restraints. Good human resource planning involves meeting current and future personnel needs. The manager ensures that personnel needs are met through ongoing analysis of performance objectives, job requirements, and available personnel, coupled with knowledge of employment laws. and manpower availability. In the current climate, organisations are constantly seeking new ways of cutting their operating costs. For the recruitment industry, new technology is increasingly being relied upon to help the industry contain financial pressures and increase productivity. Humans are considered as the most crucial, volatile and potentially unpredictable resource which an organization utilizes. Manpower planning seeks to make the links between strategy, structure and people more explicit. The purpose of manpower planning is to get a better matching between manpower requirement.

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016962   Karami M;Khan S U R;Saeidi S P;Saeidi S P (NO, Faculty of Management and HRD (FPPSM), 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia, Email: kmeisam3@live.utm.my) : Effects of online shopping factors on customers repurchase intention in Malaysia. Curr Trends Technol Sci 2013, 2(2), 211-5.

Aim of this study is to look at the quick changes in the environment of the internet, carefully that make a competitive business landscape for online repurchases. It creates challenges and opportunities for businesses and also to examine the elements that can affect the intentions of online consumers to repay the service and product. The purpose of The study is supplying a literature that can help of online stakeholder. On top of that, the results reinforce many existing literature in the context of the online shopping factors effect on customer repurchase. It prepares for in advance functional information for controlling businesses particularly in online shopping factors effect on customer repurchase. The finding of this study is able to help to businessman in developing their internet and online shopping as well.

1 illus, 1 table, 27 ref

016961   Gumaste R R;Peshave M A (NO, AISSMS's College of HMCT, Pune, Maharastra, Email: gumasterasika@gmail.com) : "An analysis of career shift of the hospitality professionals from hotels and allied industries to hospitality education and the tendency of reversing their decision". Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(3), 89-102.

The hotel industry is characterized by hard work, long working hours, relatively low compensation, poor work-life balance etc. These reasons mainly influence the career shift from the hotels to the education field.The education field now offers better remuneration especially, with the sixth pay commission being applicable in the hospitality colleges. Teaching is supposed to be a noble profession wherein you get a chance to serve the society. Compared to the industry it is less stressful, has fixed work timings, vacations and a better social status. It also has its own challenges, as the educationist is burdened with lot of administrative work, doing the required number of admissions, managing college co-curricular & extracurricular activities.. The job of teaching is quite monotonous; there is a big gap between perceived and actual benefits and mainly the ever changing employment terms make many of them go back to the industry. The study aims at analyzing the various influencing factors that affect the career shift from hospitality industry to academics and at times back to industry. The findings of his research suggest that: ' Long working hours', 'Poor work-life balance' and 'Low salary' are the major reasons for professionals to look for alternate career options.' Knowledge sharing skills' and 'Demonstration skills' are the ***

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016960   Bhardwaj A (NO, Guest Faculty MNIT, Jaipur, Rajasthan) : Develop your emotional intelligence for a better life. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2013, 2(2), 40-9.

This is the world of fast growth and quick results, where everybody wants to attain the development and progress without much hard work and neglecting the emotions harshly which later affects the relationships. Huge accelerating advances in science and technology have resulted in exceptional progress in the world in all the streams and directions. It has been observed that the skilled professionals who are almost perfect in their subjects, but are unhappy and unsatisfied even after the hard work and productive results at the workplaces due to minor or major issues associated in their lives due to the lack of control on their emotions which further leads to the frustration and unrest in their lives. Poor Emotional Quotient may results in strained relationships too. The taste of success and achievement is affected due to the stress felt in dealing with certain problems in the personal and official life. Todays' lifestyle is leading us to face immense emotional pressures which overall affect the quality of life. Deals with the emotional challenges faced by the Professionals in their lives. Strong emotional competency can give them the strength, confidence and satisfaction to handle any emotional issue associated with them, and will bring more joy, peace, happiness and a sense of achievement in their workplaces and personal lives. The emotional intelligence also termed as emotional quotient has gained a prominent mark in analysing the traits of good leaders and professionals.

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016959   Baisya R K (Management Studies Dep, IIT, Delhi, Email: rkbaisya@hotmail.com) : How weak rupee against dollar is changing prospects of food business in India. Indian Fd Packer 2012, 66(3), 90-1.

016958   Baisya R K (Management Studies Dep, IIT, New Delhi) : How union budget impacted the processed food industry. Indian Fd Packer 2012, 66(2), 74-5.

016957   Ahmed S M;Tolera M;Angamo M T (NO, School of Pharmacy, Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Jimma Univ, Jimma, Ethiopia, Email: seid.mussa@ju.edu.et) : Assessment of job satisfaction among pharmacy professionals in South West Ethiopia. Int J pharm Sci Res 2013, 4(6), 2351-8.

Objectives is to assess the level of job satisfaction and factors associated with it among pharmacy professionals working at selected health facilities in south west Ethiopia. Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted among pharmacy professionals working in selected towns, Jimma, Agaro and Limmu Genet, of Southwest Ethiopia from June 30-July 15, 2011 using self-administered semi-structured questionnaires. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 16.0. Participants' written informed consent to participate in the study was obtained after explaining about the purpose and procedure of the study. Out of 97 pharmacy professionals included in the study, 59 (60.8%) were satisfied and 38(39.2%) were dissatisfied in their job. The major reasons reported for satisfaction were helping the needy 28(28.9%) and professional gratification 23 (23.7%).The major reasons identified for dissatisfaction were inadequate salary 24 (24.75%), poor interaction with other health care team members 15 (15.5%), lack of motivation 12 (12.4%), insufficient on service training 11 (11.34%) and poor health institution infrastructure 10 (10.31%). More than half of the respondents were satisfied about their job which was explained by helping the needy and professional gratification. More than one third of the participants were dissatisfied mainly due to inadequate salary and lack of adequate interaction with other health care team member. Thus, policy makers and health service managers should act in order to improve the quality and quantity of health care services.

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015842   Singh S K;Tripathi P (NO, , Bhopal, Email: satish2001@rediffmail.com) : Growth of organized retailing through shopping malls in India. Curr Trends Technol Sci 2013, 2(1), 146-7.

Retail sector in India is witnessing a huge revamping exercise as traditional markets make way for next formats such as departmental stores, hypermarkets, supermarkets and specialty stores. Western-styles malls have begun appearing in metros and second-running cities alike introducing the Indian consumer to a shopping experience like never before. India's vast middle class and its almost untapped retail industry are key attractions for global retail giants wanting to enter newer markets. The structure of retailing is developing rapidly with shopping malls becoming increasingly common in large cities, and development plans being projected to 500 shopping malls by 2015. The Industry is rated as the fifth most attractive emerging retail market, India is being seen as a potential goldmine. It has been ranked second in a global retail development index of 30 developing countries drawn up by AT Kearney. The list was developed as a response to request from retail chains facing saturated demand in most western markets. 1.AT Kearney has estimated India's total retail market at US$ 202.6 billion which is expected to grow at a compounded 30% over the next 5 years. 2.With the organized retail segment growing at the rate of 25-30% per annum revenues from the sector are expected from the current US $ 202.6 billion to US $ 427 billion by 2015. 3.The share of modern retail is likely to grow from its current 4% to 15-20% over the next decade, analysts feel. 4.The world's largest retailer wall-mart has huge plans for India. It is moving senior official from its headquarters in Bentonville, Arkansas, to head its market research and business development functions pertaining to its retail plans in India. 5.New-york-based high-end fashion retailer sakes fifth avenue has tied up with realty major DLF properties to set up shops in a mall in New Delhi. 6. Tommy Hilfiger, retailer of apparels, expects to open one store each in Delhi, Ahmadabad, Lucknow and Bangalore.

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015841   Lodha G;Vyas A (Faculty of Management, Jodhpur National University, Jodhpur, , Email: amitvy@gmail.com) : Challenges Involved in Field of Domestic LPG Marketing. Adv Life Sci 2012, 1(2), 96-9.

Worldwide experience shows that it is extremely difficult to use subsidies to induce the poor to switch to kerosene or LPG for cooking. The task is virtually impossible where free biomass is available and time is unconstrained because of the absence of income generating opportunities. Add to this, the higher start-up cost of LPG and it's higher price relative to kerosene or charcoal, and LPG is out of reach for the poor. Kerosene merits special consideration because it is used for lighting by the poor. Where an indigenous source of natural gas exists as in some parts of India, it can be far cheaper than LPG or kerosene. Targeted subsidies are also easier to construct, because it is more difficult to "divert " natural gas piped to the household than it is to divert kerosene or LPG. Its greatest drawback is the fact that it is primarily viable only for urban and peri-urban areas, because laying down distribution networks to rural areas would in most cases be prohibitively costly.

015840   Anjani Kumar;Parappurathu S (NO, , ) : Economics of dairy farming and marketing: micro-level perspectives from three major milk producing states of India. Indian J Anim Sci 2014, 84(1), (NULL).

Study attempted farm level analysis of production and marketing behaviour of diary farmers, in 3 major milk producing states (Punjab, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh) of India. These states represent geographic and institutional diversity of milk production and marketing in India. The study also identified the major constraints faced by the diary farmers and suggested policy prescriptions for creating future opportunities for the resource poor farmers and entrepreneurs engaged in this sector.

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014888   Vinayek R;Jindal P (NO, Faculty of Commerce M.D. Univ, Rohtak) : Empirical study of evaluation of service quality of internet banking in the Indian context. Abhigyan 2011, 29(3), 1-11.

To stay competitive in the emerging competitive market driven by deregulation, privatization and globalization, it is no more a question before the banking organization whether to deploy evolving internet banking services, but how to deploy it. Gaining competitive advantage in online banking environment requires the banking organization to create distinct value for their customers by delivering them high quality internet banking services. In doing so, banks should have better understanding of how customer perceive and evaluate the quality of the services offered over internet so that they could be able to monitor and enhance their service performance. Although academic efforts have been devoted to identify criteria that customers use to evaluate quality of internet banking services, but a review of these studies reveals that important research gaps still exist, both conceptually and methodologically, particularly in the Indian context. Against this backdrop, the present study is undertaken to advance an understanding about the attributes used by customers to evaluate the service quality of internet banking. To extract the dimensions of internet banking service quality, the present study performs factor analysis on the scale items adapted from E-S-QUAL (Parasuraman et al. 2005). Finally, it discusses managerial implications.

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014887   Upadhyay D (NO, Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore) : Consideration in organization: analysis of bonds from HR perspective. Abhigyan 2011, 29(3), 43-51.

This paper gives understanding and meaning of consideration, its nature and purposes it serves. All are aware of the high attrition rate prevalent in knowledge Industries particularly, Information Technology (IT), wherein a company recruits fresh graduates and provides them intensive training for executing a particular project. After a few weeks or months, however, many of its recruits resign. The company has to recruit some more employees and repeat the training program in order to complete the project, incurring a lot of expense. This scenario is something everyone in the IT industry is familiar with. The Employment Bond is basically an Agreement entered into by the Company with the Employee, which among the other terms contained therein states that in consideration of the training given to the Employee and the money spent by the Company in imparting such training, the Employee will remain in the services of the Company for a particular period. So Employee bond is a practice used by various companies (government as well as nongovernment) to safeguard the interest it has in its employees, after expending time and training. This paper cover what is an employee bond, to what extent it is enforceable, remedies companies can seek and defence options before an employee. This paper also addresses up to what extent consideration of training is adequate. In general there were mixed feelings about the issue of having employees sign training bonds or training agreements. There are employees who understand that the companies deserve to recover their training investments and willingly sign and honour the agreements; and there are those who feel that they are being forced to stay in the company, even if better opportunities come along and are thus deprived of these opportunities. An attempt was made to analyse bond in order to get the pulse of real world and practices used in public sector undertaking and leading IT services companies, these two different types of organizations were studied and method used for this study were interview technique and study of bond and it was found that there was adequate consideration in both the bonds. So it is recommended that bond should be there in case of providing any training to employee but duration of binding employee after training in the company should not be more than two years. Everything regarding bond should be properly communicated to the employee before signing the bond to avoid any sort of confusion. The time demand after completion of training for being in bond should be limited (1 to 2 yrs) so that growth of employee doesn't get hampered.

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014886   Singh S K;Tripathi P;Jain P K (NO, Technocrats Institute of Technology-MBA, Anand Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, Email: singh_satish2001@rediffmail.com) : Buying behavior of customers in organized food retailing. Curr Trends Technol Sci 2014, 3(1), 5-15.

India is a big country with more than one billion people, 28 states and 120 languages. From the market perspective, Indian consumers can be segmented based on class, status, and income. Retailing in India is one of the significant contributors to the Indian economy and accounts for 35% of the GDP. However, this sector is in a fragmented state with over 12 million outlets operating in the country and only 4% of them being larger than 500sqft in size. This is in comparison to 0.9 million mall outlets in USA and catering to more than 13 times of the total retail market size of India. Thus, in the world India has the highest number of outlets per capita with a widely spread retail network but with the lowest per capita retail space @ 2sq. ft. per person as compared to16 sq. ft. person in USA. Now a days customer prefer supermarkets, discount stores and convenience stores over the traditional mom and pop stores. This change-over i.e. from unorganized retailing to organized retailing has resulted in a major shift in consumer behaviour. Consumers, today have a greater role to play in organized retailing. Organizations spend their resources in order to understand this ever-growing complex buying behaviour. The same customer exhibits different buying behaviour when he makes purchases from a supermarket and a kirana store. This study will analyze various factors like satisfaction factors, accessibility factors, sales promotional factors, workforce factors, Tangibility factors, assortment factors, trustworthiness factors and Surveying factors. These are the major factors that define consumer buying behaviour. Factor analysis will be used to understand the significance of each factor from a sample of 500 customers using a questionnaire. The outcome of the research will have major implications for the organized retailers and for the academicians.

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014885   Singh S K (NO, School of Social Sciences, IGNOU, ) : WTO and regionalism: a debate. Abhigyan 2011, 29(3), 12-21.

With the future of the Doha Round uncertain, there has been a sharp increase in the number of bilateral and regional trade agreements. This has revived long-running arguments in international economics between those promoting global trade agreements and those favouring regional approaches. The difference between trade agreements and more general mechanisms for integration is often misunderstood. This debate often implies a false choice between regional versus global integration. The paper is not intended to be an exhaustive examination of the issues involved. The object is mainly to draw and sharpen the focus of attention on the problems of managing trade blocs within the WTO framework.

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014884   Sarma M S;Rana Pratap V (Commerce and Business Management Dep, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal) : Brand loyalty and satisfaction towards toilet soaps: a study of urban consumers in Warangal district (Andhra Pradesh). Abhigyan 2011, 29(3), 32-42.

Marketing scenario in India has undergone vast change since 1991 due to the economic reforms. Post-liberalization, competition intensified in every product line and market, which forced brands to redefine their norms of existence in all industries. In the FMCG industry, especially in toilet soap sector there has been severe competition among the MNCs, national and local -players. The toilet soaps can be divided into four price segments: Premium, popular, economy and carbolic soaps. At the same time, penetration level of toilet soaps in urban areas is very high, but per capita consumption levels remain low. In this scenario, it is very important for marketers to know the consumer behavior with respect to toilet soaps, which will be very useful in adopting suitable strategies. This research paper attempts to analyze the brand loyalty, satisfaction, awareness, and switching behavior of consumers regarding soaps. It also examines the factors influencing brand choices.

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014883   Priya S (NO, Jaipuria Institute of Management, Noida) : Factor analysis of performance management system in a public sector organization and its impact on job satisfaction among employees. Abhigyan 2011, 29(3), 22-31.

The environment for most Indian organisaton today is Global, complex, dynamic and widely competitive. In addition to the external conditions, organizations are also facing several challenges of virtual organization, diverse workforce including that related to talent flow. One major result of this challenge for organization is that they have to be systematic in Managing their human capital to gain competitive advantage. At long last, the old adage "Our People are the most important asset" is gaining traction in corporate India. Several factors are driving companies to realize their need for Performance management. With the industry growing at a faster pace, getting business is not the business challenge but attracting and retaining talent is a problem. Scarcity of Talent is a global as well as a organizational problem. The latter can be addressed by effective performance management system. As today's organizations continue to undergo drastic changes, focusing on attracting, developing and retaining the talent, can mere effectively engage the employees and build competitive advantage. This paper shall explore the ways that how Indian public sector organization has practiced and implemented performance management system to retain the employees and attain Talent sustainability. The study shall further review the transformation in some of the performance management components to manage the talent in the organization. The PMS of any organization is made by considering the factors which have both employer and employee perspective. The factors or aspects can be identified by the continuous learning and proper determination of the system. The given study has two parts, in first part the important components are extracted which are preferred by the employees for an effective performance management system, and in the second part of the study how the performance of employees get enhanced, if they are satisfied with the profile they are working for is obtained. This is accomplished by using statistical tools and analysis of primary as well as secondary data obtained from public sector organization employees of executive levels. Using questionnaires which is designed by the expertise of organization the overall study is carried out. The factors in the study having the mix all the aspects related to feedback, motivation, job satisfaction, performance, process orientation, work environment in the organization. For satisfaction part only two variables are considered i.e. Job satisfaction and performance.

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014882   Manohar Y (NO, Hyderabad Business School, GITAM Univ, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Email: ymanohar@gitam.in) : Corporate social responsibility: activities in and around Visakhapatnam city. DESIDOC J Libr Inf Technol 2013, 33(1), 7-10.

Paper discusses the scope and principles of corporate social responsibility and its relevance to the present day business. It also explains the importance of private firms and public sector units of Government of India and their role in extending a helping hand in the overall development of the society. The paper also discusses the role of public libraries in augmenting the welfare schemes of the working communities and bridging the 'digital divide' among the various sections of the society. The author describes various initiatives undertaken by the public sector undertakings in and around Visakhapatnam.

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