SREEJA P, RANI O P R, CHELLAPPAN M
047552 SREEJA P, RANI O P R, CHELLAPPAN M (Agrl. Entomology Dep, Kerala Agricultural Univ, Vellayani, Thriruvananthapuram - 625 017, Email: sreejaranjit1@gmail.com) : Nematicidal metabolites of Lecanicillium saksenae (Kushwaha) Kurihara, Sukarno and bioefficacy against Meloidogyne incognita. Ann. Pl. Protec. Sci 2020, 28 (2), 163 - 7.
Lecanicillium saksenae is an indigenous isolate of entomopathogenic fungus from soils of Vellayani, Kerala with high speed of kill in hemipteran pests. Nematophagous nature of the fungus unveiled in the preliminary studies prompted to explore, identify and to evaluate the nematicidal metabolites present in it. Secondary metabolites produced by the fungus were detected by culturing it as per OSMAC method. The HR - LCMS and GC - MS spectra revealed a multitude of structurally diverse and biologically active metabolites which included nine nematicidal compounds. The major nematicidal metabolites identified through HR - LCMS analysis were hydroxyl quinone, 2, 6, pyridine dicarboxylic acid, dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid, 4 - hydroxy benzaldehyde, nicotinic acid, harmine and oleamide. GC - MS analysis revealed 2, 6 pyridine dicarboxylic acid (dipicolinic acid), harmine, hexadecanoic acid and octadecanoic acid. Bioefficacy studies carried out with the crude toxin revealed its toxicity to juveniles of root knot nematode. Crude toxin at 50 ppm and above caused 100% mortality of J2 , 48 hrs after treatment. Hence the study highlighted that L. saksenae is a promosing bioagent not only for the managenment of insect pests but also for the plant parasitic nematodes.
1 illus, 3 tables, 11 ref
ANUSHA V C, SARAVANAN P A, KUMAR B V, RAJENDRAN L, RAJA P
047539 ANUSHA V C, SARAVANAN P A, KUMAR B V, RAJENDRAN L, RAJA P (Agricultural Entomology Dep, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore - 641 003, T.N, Email: entosaravanan@gmail.com) : Physicochemical properties of stingless Bee Honey in Comparison with Apis Honey. Ann. Pl. Protec. Sci 2020, 28 (2), 112 - 4.
The parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, moisture content and Fiehe?s test have been analysed in all the honey samples. The pH of stingless bee honey ranged from 3.7?0.00 to 5.92?0.02 whereas the pH of honey bee honey samples ranged from 3.00?0.02 to 4.67?0.02. The electrical conductivity (mS/cm) of stingless bee honey was 0.94?0.01 to 2.51?0.06 and honey from Apis sp. ranged between 0.16?0.00 to 1.08?0.00. The moisture content (%) of stingless bee honey was 15.0?0.06 to 30.0?0.06 whereas the Apis honey had moisture content from 18.10?0.15 to 40.30?0.20. The Fiehe?s test conducted revealed that four samples of stingless bee honey including a sample from Nagaland showed positiveness to hydroxymethyl furfural content (HMF) and the remaining honey showed negative result to HMF content. Generally, the honey quality parameters depend on the floral resources.
1 illus, 3 tables, 9 ref
PALAI S, DEHURI M, PATRA R
047494 PALAI S, DEHURI M, PATRA R (Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology Dep, Coll of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Bhubaneswar - 751 003, Odisha, Email: palaisantwana@gmail.com) : Spices boosting immunity in COVID - 19. Ann. Phytomed 2020, 9 (2), 80 - 96.
COVID - 19 caused by the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS - CoV2) is likely to cause oxidative stress like other RNA viruses. The cytokine storm mechanism includes pulmonary alveolar membranes hyalinization, hyper - inflammation and lethal respiratory distress. Persons with diabetes, asthma and heart problems already have oxidative stress; viral infection increases stress and, thus contribute to COVID - 19 severity. Traditional Indian spices will serve as boosters of energy and immunity and prepare the body for the prevention of infection and immunization. The spices which were included in this article are: Ginger (Zingiber officinale L.), Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum L.), Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.), Bay leaves (Cinnamomum tamala (Buch. - Ham.) T. Nees and C. H. Eberm., Laurus nobilis L.), Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum - graecum L.), Asafoetida (Ferulaassa - foetida L.), Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), Nutmeg and Mace (Myristica fragrans Houtt.), Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), Garlic (Allium Sativum L.), Allspice (Pimenta officinalis (L.) Merr.), Peppermint (Mentha ? piperita L./Mentha balsamea Wild), Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L., Capsicum baccatum L., Capsicum annuum L.), Star anise (Illicium verum Hook. f.), Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague ex Turrill), Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J.S. Presl.), Cardamom (Alpinia cardamomum (L.) Roxb.; Amomum cardamomum L.), Mustard (Brassica nigra (L.) Koch) and Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill). The use of spices can help in decreasing the severity and help in the prevention of coronavirus infection. These spices contain polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins and alkaloids. The antioxidant, antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of spices can potentiate health functionality by acting on various pathological processes. The risks of coronavirus (COVID - 19) can be mitigated with a special reference the respiratory health by the use of these spices every day, which strengthens the natural protection mechanism (immunity) of the body. Spices acting as immunity boosters not only helps to stay healthy from seasonal flu, but also possesses anti - viral properties to combat coronavirus. The Ministry of Ayush, Government of India also endorses these immunity boosting spices and their proper use. In this study, numerous conventional spices and their bioactive components and effects have been compiled and discussed to help improve our immune system and also play a key role in the battle against microbial infections, like COVID - 19. This paper will help researchers and industries to recognize and analyze possible spices that can satisfy their interests for various applications, including the development of herbal/Ayurvedic antiviral drugs.
1 table, 96 ref
INDHULEKA A, SANJANA R, JANET J, RAGAVI V
047493 INDHULEKA A, SANJANA R, JANET J, RAGAVI V (Science and Humanities Dep, Sri Krishna Coll of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore - 641 008, Tamil Nadu, Email: indhuleka@gmail.com) : Importance of vegetables as healthier diet in the management of COVID - 19 pandemic. Ann. Phytomed 2020, 9 (2), 62 - 79.
COVID - 19, a viral outbreak has taken toll on millions of lives in a very short span of time. This spread can be mainly due to ease of travel. Remedy for viral infections is extremely difficult as they keep changing their characteristics often. Though, vaccines have been under study for coronavirus, none has been approved yet. Till then, nutritional supplement is the only way to protect the human body against such lethality. As per World Health reports, every year about 2.7 million deaths occur due to poor diet lacking in enough and essential dietary fibres, vitamins and minerals received from vegetables and fruits. Immune system must be improved and developed through proper dietary management. Recommended diet includes green, low fat, vegetarian foods to boost immunity. They contain variety of nutrients including vitamins, minerals, fibre and many phytochemicals. These secondary metabolites and phytochemicals constitute a major part in developing immunity. Phytochemicals are the most important element in the pharmaceutical and medical industry too. Intake of water, vitamins like A, C, B complex, minerals like zinc and magnesium and other micronutrients keep the infections at bay. Thus, including foods rich in these substances help to fight diseases including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, etc. The nutrients from vegetables like tomato, onions, bell peppers, crucifiers, etc., and medicinal crops like turmeric, ginger and garlic combat against these viral infections.
23 illus, 8 tables, 123 ref
AHMAD S R, GHOSH P
047492 AHMAD S R, GHOSH P (Zoology Dep, H M M Coll for Women, Kolkata - 700 035, West Bengal, Email: zoologist.rehan@gmail.com) : Benefits of dietary sesame seed and flaxseed to strengthen immune system during COVID - 19 pandemic and prevent associated comorbidities related health risks. Ann. Phytomed 2020, 9 (2), 50 - 61.
COVID - 19 pandemic situation has created massive social and economic crisis globally and poses huge risks to survival of vulnerable, economically weaker groups, mainly in low - income and middle - income countries. Mortality appears to be high among persons with low immunity, poor nutritional status (malnourished) and associated comorbidities. Improve immune functions through nutrition is the most effective strategy to combat COVID - 19 and other related viral infections. It is a long term process to improve immune power through a diverse and well balanced diet, but most significant during this unpredictable time when appropriate drug or vaccine is not available to prevent this viral infection. As strong immune system helps to recover any infectious disease conditions within a short period of time. This content is related to the link between nutrition, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID - 19), and the immune system. Main purpose of this content is to support the principle that diet rich in antioxidant and biologically active functional ingredients could be an effective nutritional intervention to restore the immune response, reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. Importance of flaxseed and sesame seed in the nutrition sector is because of their functional and highly active food ingredient. Those active food compounds have also health benefits against comorbidities in the COVID - 19 patients including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, cancer and various respiratory diseases. However, it is well established that due to influence of various nutritious components and bioactive molecules flaxseed and sesame seed playing critical roles in immune system. Daily dietary consumption of these foodstuffs helps to build up immunity against infectious disease and prevents COVID - 19 related mild to chronic inflammations.
119 ref
MEHROTRA N
047491 MEHROTRA N (Biochemistry Dep, SVKM's Mithibai Coll of Arts, Vile Parle West, Mumbai - 400 056, Email: nupur.mehrotra@mithibai.ac.in) : Medicinal plants, aromatic herbs and spices as potent immunity defenders: Antiviral (COVID - 19) perspectives. Ann. Phytomed 2020, 9 (2), 30 - 49.
Global health is at risk due to the current SARS - CoV - 2 pandemic which has posed a huge challenge. The virus has several protein spikes termed peplomers, on its surface, and is a positive - sense single - stranded RNA enveloped virus. The number of infected people across the globe is in an exponential phase in many of the 220 countries infected by the pandemic, and currently is in its second phase of infection at many places. Scientists and researchers have set in a global race, the winning stride being successful discovery of a preventive vaccine and a specific treatment for COVID - 19. Till such time, centers for ancient civilizations as India and China have intensified their search towards alternative medicine using herbal products, which hold immense pharmacological properties. In case of COVID - 19, aromatic plants and herbs downregulate the pre - inflammatory mediators as IL - 1, 6, 10 and 18, TNF - ? and NF - ?B associated with the cytokine storm, which has proved to be fatal. Simultaneously, enhancement of expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, production of IgG, IFN - ? and IL - 4 and activation of T helper cells, and NK cells, promises to provide protection along with therapeutic potential. These can be instrumental in enhancing the body?s immune system along with strengthening and maintaining the health of the respiratory tract, the preferred host for the SARS - CoV - 2. Such a modality can reach help to people who are immune compromised due to comorbidities as diabetes, hypertension, cancer, and other related disorders. The present review focuses on reporting aromatic herbs, medicinal plants and spices with potential antiviral and immunomodulatory properties. To cater to the global health till such time that targeted drugs for the viral infection are made publicly available, these herbal remedies can surely be our best defenders.
1 illus, 1 table, 147 ref
BELLIK Y, BACHIR - BEY M, FATMI W, KOUIDRI M, SOUAGUI Y, SELLES S M A
047490 BELLIK Y, BACHIR - BEY M, FATMI W, KOUIDRI M, SOUAGUI Y, SELLES S M A (Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi Univ, Bordj Bou Arreridj, 34000, Algeria, Email: y.bellik@univ - bba.dz) : Micronutrients and phytochemicals against COVID - 19: Mechanism and molecular targets. Ann. Phytomed 2020, 9 (2), 15 - 29.
The recent emergence of coronavirus disease (COVID - 19) caused a continuous threat to humans. Currently, the race for COVID - 19 vaccines through laboratory tests has generated more than 180 vaccine candidates, however the scientific community remains skeptical regarding their administration for the general public. Plants are a rich source of medicinally active constituents that have long been used over the years in aromatherapy and phytomedicine due to their biological properties including antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, immunomodulatory and anti - inflammatory effects. Likewise, evidence from in vitro studies and controlled clinical trials highlighted the health benefits of some vitamins, micronutrients, and trace elements in viral infections. The purpose of this article is to describe the current knowledge about micronutrients and phytochemicals that can help prevent and inhibit COVID - 19.
3 illus, 1 table, 151 ref
SALWE A A, BARSAGADE D D
047300 SALWE A A, BARSAGADE D D (Zoology Dep, S. N. Mor Coll of Arts, Commerce & Smt. G. D. Saraf Science Coll, Tumsar - 441 912) : Diversity of heteropteran bugs in rice fields of east vidarbha, Maharashtra. Bioinfolet 2020, 17 (3 B), 474 - 7.
During present study, survey was carried out at rice fields of East Vidarbha region comprising of Gondia, Bhandara, Gadchiroli, and Chandrapur districts of Maharashtra state, from 2017 to 2019 during rabi (February - May) and kharif (July - November) seasons. In all 28 species of heteropteran bugs, belonging to 13 families and 25 genera were recorded. Family Pentatomidae was reported as dominant, consisting 10 species followed by Coreidae, Lygaeidae and Reduviidae with 3 species each, while Alydidae, Geocoridae, Pyrrhocoridae, Miridae, Gerridae, Hydrometridae, Notonectidae, Dinidoridae and Veliidae were recorded with single species. Out of 28 species 12 species (43 %) were recorded as predators and remaining 16 species (57 %) were pests
1 illus, 1 table, 14 ref
JADHAO M J
047299 JADHAO M J (Zoology Dep, S. N. Mor Coll, Bhandara, Maharashtra) : Diversity of carabids (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in rice fields. Bioinfolet 2020, 17 (3 B), 471 - 3.
A survey was conducted in rice growing areas of eastern Vidarbha to study diversity and seasonal abundance of carabid beetles during rabi season (December - May) of the year 2017 - 2018. Total 18 beetle species belonging to 17 genera were recorded and identified. Of these, 8 species were predators while 10 pests. Six carabids viz., Bembidion quadrimaculata, B. variegatum, Cyclotrachelus blatchleyi, Siagona latreilla, Temnoschella latus, and Thermophilum homoplatum were found to be the dominant species.
1 table, 4 ref
SUBHASHINI P, NAIK M J
001519 SUBHASHINI P, NAIK M J (Zoology Dep, Acharya Nagarjuna Univ, Guntur- 522510, Andhra Pradesh, Email: jagadish100naik@gmail.com) : Nutritional efficacy of zeepromin and fishmin forte feed additives on amino acid metabolism of Indian major carps. Bio-Sci Res Bull 2021, 37(2), 54-60.
The present study is aimed at investigating the effect of selective Synthetic feed like Zeepromin and Fishmin on amino acid metabolism of the cultivable fish species like Catla catla. Labeo rohita. Cirrhinus mrigala. The fishes selected for the study are divided into two groups’ viz. control group and experimental groups. The control group of fishes shall be fed with control feed i.e. Groundnut cake, rice bran. The experimental group of fishes shall further be divided into two groups. Zeepromin and Fishmin which are commercially available have been selected for the study. The first group of experimental fish has been fed with control feed mixed with Zeepromin. The second group of experimental fish has been fed with control feed mixed with Fishmin. The two groups of experimental fish shall be fed twice a day at 10 a.m. and at 5 p.m. The exposure period was selected for the study after 30 days the fishes were sacrificed and isolated the tissues like muscle and liver at 40C and assayed the activity of Asperate amino transferase (AAT), Alanine Amino Transferase (ALAT) and Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). Zeepromin and Fishmin feed fed fishes like muscle and liver showed an increase in their AAT, ALAT and GDH activity levels.
3 tables, 20 ref
BHARDWAJ J K, SARAF P
001511 BHARDWAJ J K, SARAF P (Zoology Dep, Kurukshetra Univ, Kurukshetra-136 119, Haryana, Email: jkbkuk@gmail.com) : Ameliorating potentials of N-acetyl-l-cysteine against methoxychlor instigated modulation in structural characteristics of granulosa cells of caprine antral follicles. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2021, 58(4), 366-72.
Follicular granulosa cells (GCs) form an important association with follicle’s survival and health that determines ovulation. Apoptosis induction in GCs leads to follicular atresia and infertility problems. The present study aims at assessing the ultrastructural toxicity of methoxychlor (MXC), an organochlorine insecticide and reproductive toxin, on structural aspects of GCs owing to its potential for inducing apoptosis and the ameliorating potential of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) in this toxicity. The ultrastructural morphology revealed MXC induced degenerative changes in GCs like loss of cellular junction complexes and membrane integrity; nuclear abnormalities like occurrence of condensed and marginated chromatin, crescent shaped or blebbed nucleus; presence of disrupted mitochondria with disrupted cristae, vacuolization, empty spaces, large number of homogenous lipid droplets and extensive network of rough endoplasmic reticulum and several cytoplasmic processes at various doses of MXC with maximum degeneration observed at 100 µg/ml. NAC supplementation reduced the observed apoptotic characteristics of GCs with most significant changes at 5- and 10 mM concentration. Thus, it is evident that MXC acts as an apoptotic inducer in GCs that influences the quality of antral follicles in mammals; however, NAC, with its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, turns out to be a potential therapeutic and anti-apoptotic agent against MXC toxicity.
6 illus, 49 ref
SWARNAKAR G, JOGPAL B, CHOUHAN H S
001327 SWARNAKAR G, JOGPAL B, CHOUHAN H S (Zoology Dep, MLS Univ, Udaipur- 313 001) : Prevalence of amphistome gastrothylax crumenifer in Chittorgarh District of Southern Rajasthan, India. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 962-6.
Present study found the main prevalence of amphistome Gastrothylax crumenifer infection in domestic ruminants like goats of the Chittorgarh district. The study was conducted in Chittorgarh district from January 2019 to December 2020. The 450 rumen of slaughtered goats from different slaughtered houses were examined, out of 450 goats, 375 goats were found infected highly with Gastrothylax crumenifer amphistome. The infection was also found throughout the year in different seasons, in summer at 31.11%, winter at 45.45% and maximum in monsoon 80.4%. Age-wise prevalence showed the highest infection in young goats and lowest in growing goats. The present investigation shows that the intensity or severity of infection of amphistome G. crumenifer which produces a paramphistomiasis in the goats. Infection of the amphistome parasite in goats leads to great economic losses by causing mortality in domestic ruminants.
4 tables, 34 ref
DEVIDASRAO L A
001321 DEVIDASRAO L A (Zoology Dep, Arts, Commerce & Science Coll, Maharashtra) : A ptychobothridaen cestode Senga killedharurensis sp. Nov. of fresh water fish from Kille Dhadur, Dist., Beed, M.S., India. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 921-7.
The genus Senga was erected by Dollfus in 1934, with its type species Senga bensardi from Betta splendens a siamese fighting fish, in an aquarium at Vincennes, France. This communication Senga killedharurensis sp. Nov. a Ptychobothridaen cestode of fresh water fish from Kille Dharur, M.S., India is having a scolex almost triangular with sac like two bothria and rostellum with rostellar hooks. The mature segments are broader than long, testes small and round, pre ovarian; The cirrus pouch medium, cylindrical, cirrus thin, slightly curved. The ovary medium distinctly bilobed; isthmus small and short; vagina thin tube; ootype small, round, post ovarian; vitellaria granular.
1 illus, 55 ref
PARRAY M A, DIXIT R, RATHER A A
001319 PARRAY M A, DIXIT R, RATHER A A (Zoology Dep, PMB Gujarati Science Coll, Indore, Madhya Pradesh) : Acute toxicity of mercuric chloride on the survival and behavioural response of Indian fresh water stinging cat fish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794) at 48 and 96 hours. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 910-6.
The present investigation deals with the acute toxicity (LC50 evaluation) of mercuric chloride to Indian stinging cat fish Heteropneustes fossilis for 48 and 96 hours, the percentage of morality was calculated by the Finney’s probit analysis method. The lc50 value of the prepared concentrations for 48 and 96 were found at 0.42 and 0.3 mg/l, respectively. During the course of experiment, the behavioural alterations were keenly observed like erratic movements, surfacing, increased mucous secretion, and change in body pigmentation, muscle fasciculation, loss of appetite, decreased opercular movements, ataxia, myotonia and uncoordinated movements. These altered behavioural changes were dose and time dependent. The present study also showed that the lc50 values gradually decreased with increase in exposure time and the mortality rate also increased with increase in toxicant concentration.
4 illus, 3 tables, 30 ref
SHARMA A, DEVI I, SINGH R
001275 SHARMA A, DEVI I, SINGH R (Zoology Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu- 180 006, J & K) : A review on role of molluscan shells in the removal of pollutants from aquatic water bodies. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(2), 615-21.
Water pollution is a topic of great concern worldwide and the major contributing factors to it is the heavy metal discharge from various industries. Heavy metals being non-biodegradable in nature have long lasting effect on our ecosystem as they bioaccumulate in various organisms through the process of biomagnification. These heavy metals not only affect the flora and fauna but also human beings. Most of the heavy metals being carcinogenic have adverse effects on human health. Therefore, it is important to remove these heavy metals from aquatic ecosystem. Though, various methods for metal removal such as precipitation, evaporation, ion exchange, membrane processes, electroplating etc. are in use nowadays but all of these have some disadvantages. Thus, there is a need for more efficient and sustainable method for waste water treatment. Biosorption could be considered as a highly efficient and economical way to remove these toxic loads from water bodies. This paper reviews the use of molluscan shell as bio sorbent for industrial waste water treatment.
6 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref
DALUI T, SARKAR S K
001251 DALUI T, SARKAR S K (Zoology Dep, Barasat Coll, Kolkata- 700 126, West Bengal) : Seasonal incidence and damage potentiality of litchi fruit borer (Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley, 1986) in relation to major abiotic environmental factors. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S1, 302-7.
Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) has been one of the major subtropical fruits, native of China. It belongs to the family Sapindaceae and was first introduced to India in the late 17th century. After its introduction, the fruit received considerable attention from the Indian farmers and agro based agencies and eventually became an important producer of Indian agriculture. Though India is the second largest producer of Litchi after China, net productivity still falls behind the optimum mark. Chiefly, the diseases associated with litchi and the related problems account for this low productivity. Pest complexes which damage fruits, flowers, stems, and leaves are one of the major issues faced by the litchi industry. Among insect pests, the litchi fruit borer Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley, 1986 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) is one of the biggest threats to litchi farmers causing severe loss in fruit production. The fruit borer larva bores into the fruit by making tunnels inside the cotyledon and then feeds on the inner soft tissue. To determine the pattern and degree of infestation and its relationship to major environmental abiotic factors, a study was conducted on selected uniform plants (cv. Bombai) at a private orchard in Barasat, West Bengal, India. The study was conducted in three replications, with one tree served as one replication. 100 fruits were randomly selected from each replication to examine the degree of infestation by the fruit borers. Fruits having the symptom of infestation by the fruit borer were counted and transformed into percentage value. Various meteorological parameters were also recorded simultaneously to study the relationship of major abiotic environmental factors with fruit borer infestation. The association between these factors and fruit infestation was revealed through two methods: 1. descriptive and linear multiple regressions; 2. analysis of variance. As evident from the study, the infestation (3.3%) was first observed at 21days (26th March 2018), and attack by the borer gradually increased and reached its peak (42.66 %) after 60 days of fruit set (4th May 2018). After that, a considerable decrease was observed. According to our statistical analysis, it was found that rainfall has little influence on the activity of the pest species, while temperature has a significant impact on the pest, particularly on their larval activity.
3 illus, 3 tables, 8 ref
ABUJAM S, BUSHI D, JONGKEY K, NIMASOW O D, NIMASOW G, DAS D N
001238 ABUJAM S, BUSHI D, JONGKEY K, NIMASOW O D, NIMASOW G, DAS D N (Zoology Dep, Rajiv Gandhi Univ, Doimukh, Arunachal Pradesh) : Spatial variation of the soil and water qualities in the mountain lakes at different altitude of Arunachal Pradesh, India. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S1, 219-25.
A rapid assessment of certain water and soil quality parameters were undertaken in different lakes covering 4 districts of Arunachal Pradesh from the month of May, 2019 to March, 2020. The sampling and analysis were performed following the standard methods and recommended protocols for each of the parameters. The results indicate maximum pH value of 7.9 in the high altitude Kyalem Lake in Tawang and minimum of 7.0 in the low altitude Bone Lake in Upper Siang. The value of highest dissolved oxygen (11.55 mg/L) was found in Hireng Lake of Upper Siang and lowest (1.15 mg/L) in PTsho Lake of Tawang whereas the highest value of free carbon dioxide (1.3 mg/L) was recorded in Nagula Lake of Tawang and lowest (0.2mg/ L) in Pegu Lake of Upper Siang. The highest alkalinity (7.8 mg/L) was found in Bone and lowest (1.4 mg/ L) in Kyalem; the highest hardness (19 mg/L) was found in Pegu and lowest (3.5 mg/L) in Mehao. Among the soil parameters, the highest moisture of 69% was recorded in Pegu and the lowest of 61% in Shungatser (Tawang); the highest water retention capacity (0.92 mg/L) was found in Ganga and the lowest (0.8 mg/L) in Mehao and the higher soil pH around 6.9 was recorded in lakes of Sela, Nagula and Shungaster (Tawang) while the lowest value of 5.0 was found in Kyalem. The values for available soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic carbon showed fluctuations in accordance with the altitudinal variations of lakes. Further, the soil texture was also observed to be mostly sandy loam and clay loam in majority of the lakes. The results obtained from the water quality and soils of studied lakes revealed that there was distinct slight variation among the lakes due to the altitudinal variation.
1 illus, 2 tables, 29 ref
Shubhangi S
000895 Shubhangi S (Zoology Dep, T M Bhagalpur Univ, Bihar, Email: satyashubhangi1991@gmail.com) : Contraceptive capability of herbs and plants: A review. Bull Pure Appl Sci-Sect B 2021, 40B(1), 35-43.
Nature has been source for thousand years for isolation of various phytochemical that have been used as anti-fertility agents for both the sexes. Recent research has been focused on various herbal plants as a contraceptive agent with comprehensive review. This article deals with the documented isolated and independent research by various experimentalist and organizations.
99 ref
Edor E J, Bassey S A
000887 Edor E J, Bassey S A (Philosophy Dep, Calabar Univ, Nigeria, Email: samuelbassey15@yahoo.com) : A philosophical appraisal of the rights theory to the killing and modifying of animals. Bull Pure Appl Sci-Sect A 2021, 40A(1), 164-75.
Barring some exceptions, the mainstream Western culture has hardly shown any respect to, and compassion for, the animal kingdom. The religious as well as secular Western traditions have, on the contrary, inspired people to use the nature at will, along with nonhuman animals, in order to satisfy their needs or choices, be they basic or non-basic. Underlying this has been anthropocentric speciesism and human chauvinism. This outlook may be characterized in Biblical terms as dominionism, which considers nature as limitless store-house of resources for us. This biased nature of mankind to subdue and exploit nature and animals by any means possible for economic benefits has been extended to Animal Agriculture. Many animals suffer terribly under intensive farming, and this is of no benefit to the animals in any way. The moral problem regarding the use of animals as resources and thus subjecting them to unbearable suffering lies with the fact that animals are capable of feeling pleasure and suffer (not merely feeling pain) like humans. From the perspective of Rights Theory, human-animals have a moral obligation not to rearnon-human-animals if the latter’s rights will be violated. From the perspective of the Rights Theory, this paper argues that animals have a right not to be killed, not to be made to suffer, through agricultural practices.
27 ref
Singh V, Prakash S
000886 Singh V, Prakash S (Zoology Dep, M.L.K. (P.G.) Coll, Uttar Pradesh, Email: sadguruprakash@gmail.com) : Macrozoobenthos diversity of bhagda taal, a wetland of Balrampur, U.P. (India). Bull Pure Appl Sci-Sect A 2021, 40A(1), 157-63.
Wetlands are one of the richest habitats of biodiversity, provide food and shelter to organisms that thrive in. During the present investigation 22 genera of macrozoobenthos were recorded. Out of 22, 8 genera belong to phylum annelid, 8 to mollusca, and 6 to arthropod. The mean density shows that molluscan dominates and constituted 36.66% of the total macrozoobenthos population was followed by annelids (34.66%) and arthropods (28.66%). Among the benthic population was chiefly constituted by Tubifex sp followed by Gammarus sp., Chironomus sp., Lymnaea sp., Pila sp., Branchiura sp., Lumbriculus sp. Erpobdella sp. and Lamellidens sp.
1 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref
Dewan M
000885 Dewan M (Zoology Dep, DAV Coll, Chandigarh, Email: manjudewan72@gmail.com) : Perception and awareness of noise pollution in general population. Bull Pure Appl Sci-Sect A 2021, 40A(1), 148-56.
This study examined the perception and awareness of general population in his/her respective house and working places due to emanating traffic noise on road as vehicular traffic grows manifolds. 93% subjects want to do something to make environment noise free. 74% faces the problem of lack of concentration due to emanating noise. 71% prefers quietness over noise. Approximately same number of people admits that noises were natural part of environment. 86% admitted that they were not able to ignore high levels of noise. 71% are found themselves not able to adjust to the continuously rising levels of noises. 72% feels that they found themselves helpless when they are not able to get rid of noise. 62% feel that inadequate rules were adding to the increasing noise levels. 245 (47.6%), 132 (25.6%) and 85 (16.5%) subjects were respectively fully Aware, adequately aware and somewhat aware of noise pollution.
5 tables, 5 ref
Tiwari S K , Prakash S
000884 Tiwari S K , Prakash S (Zoology Dep, M.L.K. (P.G.) Coll, Uttar Pradesh, Email: sadguruprakash@gmail.com) : Toxicity and ethological responses of Mystus vittatus (bloch) exposed to distillery wastewater. Bull Pure Appl Sci-Sect A 2021, 40A(1), 140-7.
This paper deals with the acute toxicity of distillery wastewater on freshwater catfish, Mystus vittatus (Bloch), at different concentration and duration of exposure on the mortality and ethological alterations. The LC50 for 96 hours of treated distillery effluent for Mystus vittatus was 3.38 % (v/v). The result revealed that mortality rate depends upon concentrations of distillery wastewater and duration of exposure. The effluent exposed test fish showed alterations in behavioural responses viz., hyperactivity (jumping and surface activity), convulsion, somersaulting activity, eye and fin movement and equilibrium status. It was observed that with the increasing concentration and exposure period these activities were relatively increased, expressing the sign of distress. Thus, the result of present study revealed that fish, Mystus vittatus are sensitive to distillery wastewater and can be used as biological indicators.
3 tables, 31 ref
Logeswari D, Kaliyammal K, Facika A M, Pandian M R, Banu G S
000883 Logeswari D, Kaliyammal K, Facika A M, Pandian M R, Banu G S (Zoology Dep, NKR Government Arts Coll for Women, Tamil Nadu, Email: gsharmilabanu@gmail.com) : Effect of sublethal concentrations of commercial detergents on the protein content of selective freshwater fishes. Bull Pure Appl Sci-Sect A 2021, 40A(1), 127-39.
Freshwater fishes are the primary and cheapest sources of protein for humans. The quality and quantity of protein generally determine the nutritive value of the fishes. These values are progressively worsening due to the environmental contaminants that appear in aquatic habitats. Nutritive values of protein in the tissues of fish are inversely proportionate to the total of pollutants that appear in aquatic habitats. Detergents are one of the major toxicants that rapidly contaminate lakes, rivers, ponds, streams, and creek bodies. Hence the present study aimed to determine the effect of sublethal concentrations of commercial detergents (Surf Excel, Ariel, Rin, and Nirma) on the protein content of freshwater fishes, Indian Carp (Catla catla), Rohu (Labeo rohita), Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The protein contents were determined in the fish tissues of muscles, liver, and gills at different time exposure of 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. The results show the quantity of all tissue proteins significantly decreased with an increase in concentrations of all four detergents and exposure time. Based on the findings, we suggest that random discharge of detergents into water bodies should be averted.
5 tables, 38 ref
Thatchinamoorthi R, Ganesan K, Pandian M R
000882 Thatchinamoorthi R, Ganesan K, Pandian M R (Biotechnology & Microbiology Dep, National Coll (Autonomous), Tamilnadu, Email: biorajarajan@gmail.com) : Antioxidant and antihyperglycemic potential of luffa acutangula fruit extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Bull Pure Appl Sci-Sect A 2021, 40A(1), 116-26.
Our earlier study demonstrates that the treatment of acrude extract of Luffaacutangula (L.) Roxb. (Family: Cucurbitaceae), a folkloric hypoglycaemic plant widely used in the southern part of India which reduces glucose level in blood under high glucose load, and in STZ-provoked diabetes in rats. This study was carried out to establish the antioxidant effects of crude extracts of L. acutangula (50 and 100 mg/kg) in STZprovoked diabetic animals. Regular treatment of the fruit extracts of L. acutangula (50 and 100 mg/kg) for 28 days ensued noteworthy decrease in the levels of plasma TBARS, hydroperoxide, and ceruloplasmin and a substantial increase in plasma GSH, vitamins C and α-tocopherol.Based on the findings, L. acutangulais potential antihyperglycemic agents and restored all the antioxidant factors close to normal range. Thus, our outcomes open new prospects for advanced studies, including, a clinically based study to appraise the antidiabetic potential of the herbs.
4 tables, 72 ref
Verma A K, Prakash S
000881 Verma A K, Prakash S (Zoology Dep, M.L.K. (P.G.) Coll, Uttar Pradesh, Email: sadguruprakash@gmail.com) : Impact of paper mill effluent on protein metabolism of snake headed fish, Channa punctatus. Bull Pure Appl Sci-Sect A 2021, 40A(1), 111-5.
The present investigation was designed to study the effect of sublethal concentration of paper mill effluent on the total protein and amino acid contents in muscles, liver and gill of Channa punctatus after exposure to 96 hours. A significant decrease in protein content with increase in amino acids content in muscles, liver and gill of effluent exposed fishes was observed. A reduction in the protein content and enhancement of free amino acids in the muscles, liver and gill of experimental fish suggests that the tissue protein might have undergone proteolysis, during the stressful situation. Thus, the present study concludes that the protein metabolism of fish Channa punctatus affected during effluent exposure and reduces the nutritive value of fish.
2 tables, 23 ref
Madhiyazhagan P, Villavan R, Gomathi P, Nandhini S
000880 Madhiyazhagan P, Villavan R, Gomathi P, Nandhini S (Zoology Dep, J.K.K. Nataraja Arts and Science Coll, Tamilnadu, Email: madhiyazhaganpari@yahoo.com) : Phytochemical profiling and mosquitocidal properties of grape fruit pedicel extract against malarial, dengue and filarial vectors. Bull Pure Appl Sci-Sect A 2021, 40A(1), 92-110.
The dengue, malaria and filariasis are serious global disease which caused by the mosquitoes, Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. These species cause high morbidity and mortality to the human population and the development of resistance to chemical insecticides resulting in rebounding vectorial capacity. Plants may be alternative sources of mosquito control agents. The GC-MS analysis of grape fruit pedicel was done and five major compounds were identified in the methanolic grape pedicel extract namely, NHexadecanoic Acid, 1,E-11,Z-13-Octadecatriene, 9,12- Octadecadienoic Acid, 9-Octadecynoic Acid and 6,8- Dodecadien-1-OL (6Z,8E). The mosquitocidals activity of methanol extracts from grape fruit pedicel against immature and adult of An. stephensi, Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus (L.) were studied. After 24 hrs the mortality was noted and Lethal Concentration (LC50) was calculated against An. stephensi, Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus. The LC50 of An. stephensi were 133.263ppm, 178.275ppm, 235.619ppm, 284.472ppm and 380.630ppm for I, II, III, IV Instar and pupae, respectively. Similarly, LC50 for Ae. aegypti were 89.093ppm (I Instar), 196.560ppm (II Instar), 241.043ppm (III Instar), 323.565ppm (IV Instar) and 363.515ppm (pupae) and for Cx. quinquefasciatus were 190.073ppm, 261.693ppm, 295.404ppm, 289.067ppm and 348.430ppm for I Instar, II Instar, III Instar, IV instar and Pupae, respectively. After the treatment of grape pedicel extract the percentage of egg hatchability (Ovicidal activity) was observed. No eggs were hatched out after 400ppm of three mosquito species. In ovipositional deterrent study the number of eggs laid in control and treatment water was observed and based on this the Effective Repellency (ER) was calculated. The ER ranging from 69.83% to 88.43 % for An. stephensi; 72.18% to 89.14% for Ae. aegypti; 69.66% to 88.81% for Cx. quinquefasciatus, was investigated. It is thus concluded that the grape fruit pedicel extract has an effective toxicity against An. stephensi, Ae. Aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus. Hence, this pedicel extract can be used as an insecticide.
2 illus, 6 tables, 60 ref
Sharma S, Goyal S
000879 Sharma S, Goyal S (Chemistry Dep, Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Univ, Madhya Pradesh, Email: susheelasharma654@gmail.com) : Detection of melamine in milk using nanotechnology. Bull Pure Appl Sci-Sect A 2021, 40A(1), 85-91.
Melamine is a poisonous substance which causes formation of kidney stone, nephrolithiasis, kidney injury in infant as well as in adult human beings by the ingestion of melamine contaminated food items, powder formula, powder milk. Nobel metal may be used to shape a type of nano-particles, known as NMNPs, which are inert (oxidationresistant/corrosion resistant) and have special physical and optical properties. NMNPs are extremely detailed and responsive visual bio sensors for the analysis of a broad variety of inorganic and organic components and are particularly gold and silver nano-particles (AuNPs and AgNPs). Colorimetric changes result in a specific and sensitive identification of contaminants, heavy metals, nucleic acids, lipeid, protein, antibody, and other molecules through interactions between noble metal nanoparticles (NMNPs) and inorganic/organic molecules. Capping agents can react or transfer, causing cross-connection and non-cross binding, broadening, or modifying local surface plasmone resonance absorption, to the hydrogen bondage, electrostatic interaction, and steric effects of inorganic and organic molecules with surface NMNPs. A collection of independent, fast and low-cost diagnostic products with colorimetric or clear visual reading have been extensively applied to NMNPs-based bio sensors.
4 illus, 18 ref
Hemananda T, Soni T, Sharatkumar S
000878 Hemananda T, Soni T, Sharatkumar S (Zoology Dep, Thoubal Coll, Manipur, Email: sharatkrsanasam31@gmail.com) : A new species of the genus dicauda, Dicauda manipurensis sp. nov. (cnidaria: myxosporea: myxozoa) from fresh water fish Esomus danrica (Hamilton, 1822) from Manipur, India. Bull Pure Appl Sci-Sect A 2021, 40A(1), 78-84.
Myxozoa, a clade of cnidarian, are diversified endoparasite occasionally highly problematic parasites of fish. A new myxozoan parasite belonging to the genus Dicauda have observed from Manipur, a region of Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Morphologically and morphometrically the species is different from the known species so far described all over the world. The present species was identified from gill lamellae and fin of fresh water fish Esomus danrica collected from Thoubal “24˚64 03.43 N & 93˚98 25.24 E’’, Manipur, India and described as Dicauda manipurensis sp. nov.
1 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref
Dewan M
000877 Dewan M (Zoology Dep, DAV Coll, Chandigarh, Email: manjudewan72@gmail.com) : Stress and parental perceived stress: Paramount agents of obesity among young children. Bull Pure Appl Sci-Sect A 2021, 40A(1), 71-7.
Stress can lead to the overeating of foods that are high in fat, sugar and calories, which can lead to weight gain and obesity amongst children and adolescents. In the present study, 2048 Children and adolescent aged 10-19 years were selected randomly for data collection. All children had undergone questionnaire and dietary survey as well as health examination. In all, 36.1% children responded that parents were responsible for their habits and lifestyle and 12.9% replied that school was responsible while 43.9% conveyed that TV Ads were responsible. It was apparent from the conversations with children that parents will be most helpful to change their eating as well as physical activity habits. All sections of the community must participate in preventing obesity and diabetes.
3 illus, 3 tables, 28 ref
Naz F, Nalwaya S, Yadav R, Saxena K
000876 Naz F, Nalwaya S, Yadav R, Saxena K (Zoology Dep, Government Meera Girls Coll, Rajasthan, Email: kanansaxena@yahoo.com) : Diversity of aquatic insects in lake Pichhola of Udaipur, Rajasthan, India. Bull Pure Appl Sci-Sect A 2021, 40A(1), 63-70.
The present study conducted on Lake Pichhola with regard to its insect diversity revealed a total of 24 species during the period from October 2019 to March 2020 and these 24 species of insects belonged to 6 orders and 12 families. Maximum insect species were recorded from the littoral zone (vegetation rich site) and minimum insect species from limnetic zone and disturbed sites of the lake. A number of insect species and their immature stages from orders Odonata, Ephemeroptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera and Trichoptera were observed. The insect fauna from the order Odonata dominated over Ephemeroptera and the second most dominant order was Hemiptera. Aquatic insects are best known for their ability to indicate the water quality and monitoring of aquatic insect diversity and abundance can expedite the conservation of these lake ecosystems.
3 illus, 4 tables, 22 ref
Naik M J, Naik R N R
000875 Naik M J, Naik R N R (Zoology Dep, Acharaya Nagarjuna Univ, Andhra Pradesh, Email: jagadish100naik@gmail.com) : Histo-pathological alterations associated metabolic alterations in STZ induced diabetic rats with leaves extract of Sapindus saponaria. Bull Pure Appl Sci-Sect A 2021, 40A(1), 57-62.
In the present study oral administration of aqueous extract of Sapindus saponaria (SS) to streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats secluded the rats from the changes in Histopathological tissues of rats. STZ induces diabetes that resembles human hyperglycemic non-ketotic diabetes mellitus. Further rats treated with STZ display many of the features in human subjects with uncontrollable DM and are invaluable when studying the mechanisms by which hyperglycemia may contribute to microvascular complications such as neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy. The functioning of pancreas, liver and kidney may be affected due to decreased levels of insulin, hyperglycemia and its consequences. In the present investigation the histological changes in these tissues of diabetic rats and the effect of Sapindus saponaria SS aqueous extract on these was studied.
2 illus, 25 ref
Choudhary N L, Chishty N, Bano H
000874 Choudhary N L, Chishty N, Bano H (Zoology Dep, Government Meera Girl’s Coll (Mohanlal Sukhadia Univ), Rajasthan, Email: nadimchishty@gmail.com) : Eco-Biology, threats and conservation problems of indian vulture in southern Rajasthan, India. Bull Pure Appl Sci-Sect A 2021, 40A(1), 45-56.
Vultures are very efficient and powerful natural scavengers in ecosystem, they usually feed upon carcass of domestic and wild animals. India is a home of nine specie of vultures they are very sensitive towards changes in habitat and climatic conditions. Vultures required large territories, selective diet and unique habitats for its survival. Vulture populations dramatically and rapidly declined from last 30 years due to acute and chronic renal failure and avian gout disease. Major reasons of vulture declined due to extensive use of veterinary drugs like diclofenac, ketofenac, fluxin, carprofen and nimesulide for treatment of domestic animals in various diseases. Other factor also responsible for vulture’s population declined due to habitat destruction, lack of roosting and nesting habitat, mortality due to electrocution and collision with wind turbine, road killing and low reproductive success rate responsible for its survival and population decline. Male and female of Indian vultures are morphologically similar in shape and size. Vulture’s having slow breeding rate and usually laid single egg per year or in every breeding season. Vultures collectively feed upon carrion and sometime inter & intra specific competition observed at feeding and roosting times. Indian vulture usually construct nest upon rock cliffs and old historical monuments area where cliffs are absent they generally construct nest on large and old trees. GPS tagging and satellite monitoring helpful for finding daily, seasonal, local and global migratory route of species.
21 illus, 40 ref
Rajamuradov Z T, Bazarov B M, Rajamuradova N Z
000873 Rajamuradov Z T, Bazarov B M, Rajamuradova N Z (Samarkand State Univ, Uzbekistan, Email: bozorov-b@samdu.uz) : The effect of additional feeding on the processes of digestion and natural resistance of the sheep body in pasture conditions. Bull Pure Appl Sci-Sect A 2021, 40A(1), 39-44.
The article presents the materials obtained in the study of the effect of additional fertilizing on the digestive processes and the natural resistance of the body of Karakul sheep with year-round pasture content. We found that sheep and goats that grazed on the pasture for a quarter of a year, regardless of their physiological state, are on half-starved rations, especially in the second half of suyagnost and at the beginning of the spring period. During these periods, the sheep of both groups compared in the winter period daily received from 0.70 to 0.78 energy feed units and from 20 to 28 g of digested protein, and at the beginning of the lactation period, these indicators were 86% of the norm, i.e., they received from 13 to 17% of nutrients. In this regard, we conducted experiments to study the effect of a household diet consisting of coarse feed: 130 g of mixed feed, 50-50% of barley and straw cutting and pasture feed. The sheep of the experimental group received an almost balanced diet for all nutrients. According to the data obtained, the composition and nutritional value of the diet consumed by sheep of the experimental group of feed practically meets their need completely, and in animals of the control group-only 82-85% of the nutritional needs. The highest concentration of total nitrogen was in the rumen of the experimental group – 123.33 mg%, while in the Queens of the control group, its concentration averaged 110.0 mg % or was 12.1% less. In the control group of Queens with a higher consumption of pasture feed, the digestibility of the main nutrients was lower compared to the animals of the experimental group. Inadequate feeding negatively affects the severity of the level of natural resistance
4 tables, 11 ref
Dwivedi A, Elangovan V, Verma M
000872 Dwivedi A, Elangovan V, Verma M (Zoology Dep, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Univ, Uttar Pradesh, Email: akkiau90@gmail.com) : Analysis of heavy metals and physico-chemical parameters of water in feeding habitats of Ardeola grayii. Bull Pure Appl Sci-Sect A 2021, 40A(1), 28-38.
The aim of this study was to determine the levels of some physico-chemical parameters of water from feeding sites of Ardeola grayii. Water samples were collected from five feeding sites of Ardeola grayii as site 1 to 5 for the determination of BOD, COD, DO pH, Chloride, Alkalinity, Total hardness as calcium carbonate, and magnesium carbonate. Samples were also collected for determination heavy metals such as; Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, Mn, and Zn. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS and Graph pad prism 5. The concentration of DO, BOD, COD was higher in site 2 and site 4. As a result that contaminated water was lethal for aquatic organism and directly or indirectly it affects Ardeola grayii. The concentration of Cd, Pb, and Hg was higher in site 2, 3 and 4 than CPCB limits indicating severe contamination in these sites. Due to presence of these anthropogenic substances, Ardeola grayii shifted their feeding habitats and behaviour, which is not good for ecosystem. On the contrary, if such pollutants continue to occur for a longer then it may leads to the extinction of rest of the species. Monitoring should be continuously done in order to alleviate pollutants and maintain proper food chain of these aquatic ecosystems.
3 illus, 4 tables, 31 ref
Kumar R, Gupta M L
000871 Kumar R, Gupta M L (Zoology Dep, B.N. Coll, Bihar, Email: rajukumar2802@gmail.com) : Studies on changes in plasma and muscle protein in xylachlor induced in teleostean fish, channa marulius (HAM.). Bull Pure Appl Sci-Sect A 2021, 40A, 23-7.
Studies on xylachor (a weedicide) induced changes in plasma and muscle protein content have been made in an air breathing fresh water murrel fish, Channa marulius (Ham.). It was observed that xylachlor at all the concentrations (1.0 to 2.5ppm) brought marked effect on the levels of plasma as well as muscle protein of the fish under experiment causing a gradual decrease in the value as compared to control upto 96hrs of treatment in both sexes, thus indicating the deteriorated nutrient value of the fish exposed to xylachlor. The reason and mechanism of such changes have been discussed in this paper.
1 table, 18 ref
ALEJOS M S, SERRANO, JR A E, NUDALO A G, DELA CALZADA R J, B RANARA C T
000870 ALEJOS M S, SERRANO, JR A E, NUDALO A G, DELA CALZADA R J, B RANARA C T (Philippines Univ, Philippines, Email: msa0585@yahoo.com) : Effect of temperature on the hatching of fairy shrimp Branchinella thailandensis sanoamuang, Saengphan & Murugan, 2002 (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) from Thailand. Bull Pure Appl Sci-Sect A 2021, 40A, 15-22.
The hatching of fairy shrimp Branchinella thailandensis from Thailand was studied. The fairy shrimp cysts were subjected to different temperature regimes [ambient (26-29oC), 30°C, 32°C, and 34°C] and examined the experimental condition's effect on hatching until no hatching occurred. Results indicated that temperature affects the hatching of the Thai fairy shrimp B. thailandensis cysts. The hatching of the fairy shrimp could occur once at 34oC and can be stimulated at 32oC, but fluctuating temperatures (26-29oC) and 30oC may reduce hatching success. However, the incubation period took longer, and hatching success was extremely low, suspected of improper cysts production technique and processing. In conclusion, the hatching of fairy shrimp B. thailandensis can be improved at 34 oC but optimal at 32 oC.
1 illus, 2 tables, 29 ref
Verma M, Elangovan V, Dwivedi A, Kumar M
000869 Verma M, Elangovan V, Dwivedi A, Kumar M (Zoology Dep, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Univ, Uttar Pradesh, Email: manishav309@gmail.com) : Foraging behaviour and host selection of cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) among different host species in Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh). Bull Pure Appl Sci-Sect A 2021, 40A, 6-14.
The main focus of the study was to investigate the host selection behaviour in the foraging strategy of Bubulcus ibis with their feeding rate. Methods: Study was carried out to analyze the host steps rate, B. ibis steps rate, attempt success rate and the number of switches, with different host at different lands i.e. grassland, marshy land and agriculture land in the associated areas of Lucknow from 2018 - 2019, was recorded through visual observations, digital video camera and binoculars. The host steps rate, B. ibis steps rate and the attempt success rate was analyzed by the Spearman correlation (SPSS version 21) and the number of switches per hour were calculated by using the formula an Average number of switches/Average time of observation x1/60 Findings/Application: B. ibis with Buffalo showed highly significant positive correlation in steps and attempt success at all three lands with less number of switches per hour. In agriculture land with horse it’s showed less significant correlation in steps and attempt success with high number of switches per hour. Results show that foraging success could be the reason for good association between cattle and B. ibis.
1 illus, 2 tables, 34 ref
Kamble R, Nanware S S
000868 Kamble R, Nanware S S (Zoology Dep, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Maharashtra, Email: snanware@rediffmail.com) : Mayfly nymphs as Water pollution bioindicator. Bull Pure Appl Sci-Sect A 2021, 40A, 1-5.
Ephemeroptera is an order of insects, comprising of over 3000 species (Barber-James et al., 2008). Ephemeroptera means Short lived, winged adults having lifespan about 1-2 hours to few days and maximum of 14 days. They are terrestrial in adult life and aquatic in the immature called naiads (nymphs). The subimago is the early, reproductively immature adult and the mature ones are imago. The nymphal stage of mayflies is always aquatic and they are dominant in life history stage. Depends upon external factors such as temperature, food availability and current velocity the nymphs undergo a series of molts as they grow (Brittain and Sartori, 2003). Water temperature is higher at summer season and lower at winter season. The maximum pH value recorded in the month of August (monsoon) and minimum in the April (summer). The pH was alkaline throughout study period. The maximum values recorded in the month of summer and winter. The high Do in summer attributed to increase in temperature and duration of bright sunlight. The maximum value recorded in the month of December (winter) and absent in the month of March (monsoon). The results showed that nymphs of mayfly are abundant in the month of March, April and May because of suitable water conditions like temperature, pH and DO. The lower number of nymphs observed in month of July, August and September in rainy season.
5 illus, 7 ref
BASHA S K C, RAO K R S S, VENKATANAGARAJU E
001211 BASHA S K C, RAO K R S S, VENKATANAGARAJU E (Zoology and Aquaculture Dep, Acharya Nagarjuna Univ, Guntur- 522 510, Andhra Pradesh) : Comparative optimization studies (ISP 4 Vs ISP 3 Vs ISP 2 Media) of mangrovian Streptomyces pluripotens ANUKCJV1 for its α- Amylase production and geographical correlation of Mangrovian Actinomycetes strains. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S1, 48-57.
Streptomyces pluripotens ANUKCJV1 was isolated from Coringa Mangroves which was located along the South Indian Delta. The Current work which was in continuation to our previously reported work which suggests that Streptomyces pluripotens ANUKCJV1 was the potential strain and the same has been subjected to comparative optimization studies in the current work by employing three media: ISP 4; ISP 3; ISP 2 media for enhanced α - Amylase Production. Physico - Chemical variables viz… Incubation period, PH, Temperature, Carbon and Nitrogen sources with respect to three different media (ISP 4, ISP 3 and ISP 2) were tested and cumulative analysis of three different media for differential bioactivity of α - Amylase was done. Results suggest that ISP 4 found to be the best medium with cumulative value of 24.2 U/mL, where as the cumulative value of ISP 3 and ISP 2 were 19.3 U/mL and 19.4 U/mL respectively. Peptone as Nitrogen source of ISP 4 found to be the favourite Individual variable among all with production value of 8.0 U/mL. Geographical correlation with respect to number of Actinomycetes strains and - Amylase Bioactivity depicts that Distant geographical soil samples from the shore found to be favourable for higher number of Actinomycetes strains: A1 soil samples (~ 500 m) - 33 %; A2 samples (~ 400 m) - 22 %. With regard to α - Amylase Bioactivity, A5 samples (~ 100 m) analysed to be the potential geographical bioactive zone for α- Amylase Production. From the study it can be concluded that since ISP 4 found to be the favourite medium of the potential strain, by employing the same large scale exploration of the Streptomyces pluripotens ANUKCJV1 of the Coringa Mangroves may be done to tap the industrial benefits of α - Amylase.
20 illus, 3 tables, 11 ref
ROY G C, CHAKRABORTY K, BANERJEE S
001210 ROY G C, CHAKRABORTY K, BANERJEE S (Zoology Dep, Dinhata Coll, Coochbehar- 736 135, West Bengal) : Impact of selected crop rotation practices on the incidence of insect pests in Paddy Fields at Dinhata, West Bengal, India. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S1, 40-7.
To evaluate the influence of crop rotation practices on the prevalence of four significant paddy insect pests, studies for three consecutive years (2012-2014) were conducted at Dinhata, Coochbehar, and West Bengal, India. Grossly 26 types of crop rotation practice and four major insect pests were distinguished in this area. The pests are yellow stem borer (YSB), brown plant hopper (BPH), gall midge (GM) and paddy bug (PB) correspondingly. Paddy-green manure, maize-paddy, jute-paddy, vegetable-paddy and pulses-paddy are more commonly practiced out of the all renowned crop rotational practices. Incidence of pest number (individuals/hill) and the extent of crop damage viz., dead heart (DH) + white head (WH) for YSB, damaged leaf area (DAL%) for BPH, silver shoot (SS%) for GM and unfilled grains (UG%) for PB under five selected crop rotation practices were compared with that of the result of monoculture field having two or three paddy crops in a year. Side by side incidence of pest population was also noted in fallow-paddy circumstance. Damage due to pest infestation was determined after assessing the number of infested hills (for YSB and GM), infested leaf (for BPH) and shockingly filled grains (for PB). Maximum number of pest individuals (7.14 YSB/5 hills, 19.68 BPH/hill, 14.81 GM/10 hills and 3.12 PB/hill) and the level of damage (7.16% DH +4.18% WH, 29.04% DAL, 40.1% SS and 40.31% UG) were noted in field having three consecutive paddy crops in a year. The least pest incidence (1.80 YSB/5 hills, 4.68 BPH/hill, 2.15 GM/10 hills and 0.98 PB/hill) with lowest level of damage (2.18% DH +2.50 WH, 10.14% DAL, 5.01% SS and 16.12% UG) was registered in field where paddy was grown after green manure production. Maximum yield (q/ha) with highest cost: benefit value (C: B) was registered in green manure-paddy (33-35q/ha) as the least was scored from the field with three successive paddy crop in a year (23-25q/ha).
1 illus, 4 tables, 26 ref
ROY G C, CHAKRABORTY K, BANERJEE S
001209 ROY G C, CHAKRABORTY K, BANERJEE S (Zoology Dep, Dinhata Coll, Coochbehar- 736 145, West Bengal) : A study on the Guild Interaction of predator natural Enemies in a rice field. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27-S1, 35-9.
The present study make known that intraguild and interguild antagonism have a number of baneful sound effects in moribund the major pest density in rice field. Study design: Random quadrate sampling was performed at the peak season (October 2016-December 2016 and October 2017-December 2017) for two successive kharif crop year (2016-2017) in the insecticide unprocessed regions of rice field for surveillance and assortment of samples. Results: Agriocnemis pygmaea (Rambur) is the leading species out of all odonata samples. Three distinguished spider guilds were observed namely, orb-weaver, space-weber and hunting spider. Orb-weavers, Tetragnatha mandibulata Walck are especially copious. Most prevalency (21.78%) of Lycosa pseudoannulata Boes was observed. This was followed by Atypena formosana Oi (16.33%) and Argiope catenulata Dole (14.56%) in descending order. Quite a lot of predators are also usually found like, Coccinella septempuntata, Menochilus sexmaculata and Micrapsis discolor etc. Conclusion: Fortification of omnivore’s results due to affluence of predator population in the rice field as bio-control agents.
1 illus, 41 ref
ROY G C, CHAKRABORTY K, BANERJEE S
001143 ROY G C, CHAKRABORTY K, BANERJEE S (Zoology Dep, Dinhata Coll, Coochbehar- 736 145, West Bengal) : A study on the guild interaction of predator natural enemies in a rice field. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(1), 509-13.
The present study make known that intraguild and interguild antagonism have a number of baneful sound effects in moribund the major pest density in rice field. Random quadrate sampling was performed at the peak season (October 2016-December 2016 and October 2017-December 2017) for two successive kharif crop year (2016-2017) in the insecticide unprocessed regions of rice field for surveillance and assortment of samples. Agriocnemis pygmaea (Rambur) is the leading species out of all odonata samples. Three distinguished spider guilds were observed namely, orb-weaver, space-weber and hunting spider. Orb-weavers, Tetragnatha mandibulata Walck are especially copious. Most prevalency (21.78%) of Lycosa pseudoannulata Boes was observed. This was followed by Atypena formosana Oi (16.33%) and Argiope catenulata Dole (14.56%) in descending order. Quite a lot of predators are also usually found like, Coccinella septempuntata, Menochilus sexmaculata and Micrapsis discolor etc. Conclusion: Fortification of omnivore’s results due to affluence of predator population in the rice field as bio-control agents.
1 illus, 35 ref
GHOSH P, CHAKRABORTY A, SENGUPTA S
001123 GHOSH P, CHAKRABORTY A, SENGUPTA S (Zoology Dep, Chandernagore Coll, Hooghly- 712 136, West Bengal) : Winter avifaunal assemblage in a periurban agricultural landscape of Gangetic West Bengal, India. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(1), 323-31.
The present study was carried out in a periurban agricultural landscape located at Boshipota, Hooghly, West Bengal, India with the objectives like preparation of inventory, evaluation of species composition, abundance and diversity and assessment of foraging guild of the avian assemblage during winter (NovemberFebruary). Line transect method was employed for the avian survey. In total, 91 bird species belonging to 16 orders and 43 families were recorded over two consecutive winter seasons, i.e. 2018-19 and 2019-20. Passeriformes (50.5 %) was the dominant avian order and Accipitridae (RDi =6.59) was found to be the most diversified avian family. Bird assemblage of the studied area has shown considerably higher species diversity as reflected in calculated values of different indices of diversity. Twenty (20) winter visitors were recorded from the study area. Analysis of foraging guild has revealed that most of the recorded species were insectivores (35 species) and least number of species is nectarivore (01 species). During the survey, only one ‘Near Threatened’ (NT) species was sighted and rest of the sighted species belonged to ‘Least Concerned’(LC) category (according to their IUCN status). This area has been found to have immense potential to attract avifauna but at the same time also becoming threatened due to rapid urban expansion and anthropogenic interventions.
3 illus, 3 tables, 38 ref
BHATTACHARJEE I, MANDAL B, DEB A, SARANGI P, CHAKRAVORTY P P
001108 BHATTACHARJEE I, MANDAL B, DEB A, SARANGI P, CHAKRAVORTY P P (PG Dep of Zoology, Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women’s Coll, Paschim Medinipur- 721 102, West Bengal) : Effects of temperature on COVID-19 transmission in India. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(1), 222-6.
This paper aims to study the correlation between COVID-19 and temperature in India. Secondary published data from different websites is employed by us. The climate indicators included within the study are maximum temperature, minimum temperature. Correlation tests were chosen for data analysis. We find that maximum temperature has significant relations related to the COVID-19 pandemic and the study will help health regulators to combat COVID-19 in India.
2 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref
KOUR S, SHARMA N, VERMA R, KOUR S, KUMAR V
001105 KOUR S, SHARMA N, VERMA R, KOUR S, KUMAR V (Zoology Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu- 180 006, Jammu and Kashmir) : Analysis of correlation among zooplankton in two near by ponds of Jammu region. Eco Env Cons 2021, 27(1), 201-8.
To analyse the existence and dominance of zooplankton, their intra and inter-specific correlations are very important to understand along with the effect of abiotic parameters. Therefore, presently two nearby located ponds lying between 32.62ˆN latitude and 74.87ˆE longitude have been studied. Five different groups of zooplankton have been recorded viz. Protozoa, Cladocera, Copepoda, Rotifera and Ostracoda. In total, 42 species of rotifers, 11 cladocera species, 6 copepod species, 9 protozoa species and 1 ostracod species have been recorded from both the ponds. Rotifers were found to be dominant in terms of species richness as well as abundance in pond I while high abundance and dominance of cladocera has been observed in pond II. In pond I many species of family Brachionidae have been enlisted coexisting with each other. Predatory rotifer Asplanchna brightwelli has been recorded having negative impact on existence of members of Brachionidae family and among abiotic factors also with temperature. From Pond II, a total 11 cladocera species showed high population density. Consecutive high density of Phyllodiaptomus blanci was seen with the cladocera genus Diaphanosoma, this may represent same positive correlation and their density has also been seen to be effected by abiotic parameters. High temperature and low transparency have favored the population growth of calanoid copepod Phyllodiaptomus blanci, rotifer Hexarthra mira, cladoceran Moina brachiata and ostracod Onchocypris species in pond II. Such distributon of zooplankton may be attributed to the interactions among abiotic and biotic parameters for the survival of various species.
5 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref
Jayanthi M, Kannan P
000837 Jayanthi M, Kannan P (Zoology Dep, Government Arts Coll, Nilgiris) : A study on medicinal plants and their uses against venomous snakebite. Ambient Sci 2021, 08(1), 6-9.
Snakebite is one of the medical emergencies in developing countries like India. Systematic field surveys were carried out in different rural and tribal settlements in the Coimbatore district from January to August 2018. Tribal and rural people of this area have authenticated information about medicinal plants which are working against venomous snakebite. They have been using different plants and their parts as an antidote against snakebite. The present study provides information about 41 medicinal plants that belong to various plants families. Traditional knowledge on medicinal plants was dwindling rapidly in recent years among the people.
6 tables, 30 ref
KHEDKAR T, DESHMUKH S
003293 KHEDKAR T, DESHMUKH S (Zoology Dep, Shivaji Science Coll, Congress Nagar, Nagpur) : Diversity of spider fauna from seminary hills, Nagpur. Bioinfolet 2021, 18 (2), 264 - 5.
Survey and studies on spiders from Seminary Hills of Nagpur was under taken. Total 16 species of spiders belonging to 10 families were recorded from the study area. The species belonging to family Araneidae had the highest diversity.
1 table, 12 ref
VARKEY J, DESHBHRATAR S
003290 VARKEY J, DESHBHRATAR S (Zoology Dep, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan's Hazarimal Somani Coll of Arts and Science, Mumbai - 400 007, Maharashtra) : Diversity and seasonal variations of shore birds at the intertidal zone of Bhuigaon beach. Bioinfolet 2021, 18 (2), 254 - 6.
Diversity and seasonal variation in shore birds was studied at Bhuigaon beach, situated at western coast of Vasai taluka, district Palghar, Maharashtra State...The study was conducted during September 2018 to January 2021. In all 37 birds from and 7 families of the order Charidiiformes were documented. Maximum number of birds where observed during post monsoon period
1 table, 4 ref
BORGAVE S, MADAKE G, BHAGDE R, DUBE P
003279 BORGAVE S, MADAKE G, BHAGDE R, DUBE P (Zoology Dep, , D. J. Malpani Commerce and B. N. Sarda Science (Autonomous) Coll, Ahmednagar) : Fresh water crustacean zooplankton diversity in relation to water quality parameters. Bioinfolet 2021, 18 ( 2 ), 220 - 5.
The present investigation was undertaken to study crustacean zooplankton diversity in relation to physico-chemical parameters at Gangamai Ghat of Pravara river of Sangamner tehsil, district Ahmednagar. Nine water parameters and eight species and copepod larva were recorded. The relationships between Crustacean zooplankton species and water quality parameters were assessed by calculating the values of correlation coefficients (r).
1 illus, 3 tables, 25 ref
POTPHODE N D, DAUNDE J A, DESAI S S, WALVEKAR M V
003278 POTPHODE N D, DAUNDE J A, DESAI S S, WALVEKAR M V (Zoology Dep, Shivaji Univ`, Kolhapur) : Effect of nanocurcumin on lipofuscinogenesis in the pancreas of alloxan induced diabetic mice. Bioinfolet 2021, 18 ( 2 ), 215 - 7.
Lipid peroxidation and fluorescent products are considered as characteristics of diabetic complications. On the other hand various studies have shown that curcumin is a promising bioactive compound showing antidiabetic activity. During present investigation the effect of curcumin nanoparticles on lipid peroxidation in terms of malondialdehyde, and lipofuscin granules in term of fluorescence product was studied. It was observed that after nanocurcumin administration, both of the parameters significantly reduced, and suggested that it was better than curcumin.
2 table, 8 ref