047864   NITAYAPHAT W, JINTAKOSOL T (Home Economics Dep, Srinakharinwirot Univ, Bangkok, Thailand, Email: walaikorn@g.swu.ac.th ) : Efficient removal of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solutions using regenerated silk fibroin beads. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (7), 1623 - 9.

Regenerated silk fibroin beads (rSFB) were successfully prepared and applied to adsorbing methylene blue and Lanasyn Navy M - DNL. The effects of contact time, initial pH and initial concentration of dyes were analyzed. The experimental results showed that, the adsorption was pH dependent with a high removal efficiency of methylene blue in basic range and high removal of Lanasyn Navy M - DNL in acidic range. The adsorption process was analyzed by using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and the Langmuir isotherm model showed the best fitting to the isotherm data. The maximum adsorption capacities for methylene blue and Lanasyn Navy M - DNL were 47.55 and 78.74 ?mg/g, respectively. The kinetics study showed that the adsorption process followed the second order kinetic model. The SEM images demonstrated that after adsorption the dye was adsorbed onto the regenerated silk fibroin beads surface. The adsorbent was stable and active for up to five successive cycles. Regenerated silk fibroin beads showed to be an advantageous adsorbents in terms of availability, which is beneficial for the wastewater treatment.

9 illus, 3 tables, 33 ref

047505   AGARWAL S, TRIPATHI S, ARSHI, MISHRA N (Home Science Dep, Allahabad Univ, Prayagraj - 211 002, Uttar Pradesh, Email: dr.neetu.au@gmail.com) : Nutritional composition and antioxidant profiles of Nigella sativa L. seeds. Ann. Phytomed 2020, 9 (2), 207 - 14.

This study was aimed to investigate the nutritional, antinutritional composition of Nigella sativa L. (NS) seeds and to analyse the antioxidant profiles of aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic extract of the sample. The nutritional composition of NS seeds was analysed using the AOAC method. Antioxidant content was measured in terms of total phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC). Antioxidant activity was displayed by the DPPH (2,2 - diphenyl - 1 - picrylhydrazy) radical scavenging activity, metal chelating activity, reducing capacity and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assay. NS seeds contained 6.48 - 7.18% moisture, 35.91 - 38.41% fat, 5.31 - 5.61% crude fiber, 4.11 - 5.41% ash, 18.82 - 20.84% protein, and 29.14 - 33.66% carbohydrates. Micronutrients were also found to be in substantial amounts; however, antinutritional factors were found within the reported range. 60% methanolic extracts showed highest TPC (29.99 ? 1.16 mg GAE/g) and TFC (0.39 ? 0.02 mg QE/g). Antioxidant activity was also found highest with 60% methanolic extracts. NS being a good source of antioxidants might be recommended against the treatment of various human ailments.

1 illus, 5 tables, 41 ref

047331   SULIEMAN A M E, DAFALLAH F E, RAHMAN E H A, ALSHAMMARI N I A, SHOMMO S A, IBRAHIM S A (Food Engineering and Technology Dep, Gezira Univ, Wad - Madani - Sudan, Email: abuelhadi@hotmail.com) : Isolation, Identification and characterization of Salmonella spp. from chicken purchased at Wad Madani city, Gezira State, Sudan . Adv life Sci 2020, 8(1), 98 - 102.

Salmonella is a potential human pathogen that causes salmonellosis, a food - borne disease. Addressing these major food safety and public health issues with effective monitoring of food - borne pathogens and dietary measures. A cross - sectional study was conducted in the local markets of Alsug Alkabeer (AB), Alsug Ashabi (AK), and Alsug Alsageer (AS) sites in Wad Madani state, Sudan to detect and assess Salmonella infection in raw and cooked chicken samples. The results showed that the maximum number of different Salmonella species was recovered from raw and cooked specimens of chicken obtained from AB, AK and AS which were 6.5, 4.4, and 4cfu/g, respectively. In addition, Salmonella spp. in the locally reared chicken is significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of farm poultry. On the other hand, the highest Salmonella count was recorded in AS, AK and AB egg samples which were 5.9, 3.5, and 2.3cfu/g, respectively. Interestingly, eggs from local sources of chicken had significantly (p < 0.05) higher numbers of Salmonella spp. compared to those from farm sources. Six species of Salmonella were described, namely: Salmonella typhi, S. cheers, S. arizonae, S. enteritidis, S. pullorum, and S. gallinarum. High occurrence of Salmonella spp. in this study might be attributed to the low hygienic measures in the poultry retail markets during slaughtering and/or handling processes. Further studies are required and should be conducted within Gezira state to assess food safety.

3 illus, 3 tables, 36 ref

047324   SHAHID S M A, GINAWI T A N, KAUSAR M A, KUDDUS M, ALENAZI F S H , ALRESHIDI A H (Biochemistry Dep, Univ of Hail, Saudi Arabia, Email: sm.shahid@uoh.edu.sa) : Public awareness of the coronary artery disease and its risk factors in the population of Hail region, Saudi Arabia: a crosssectional study. Adv life Sci 2020, 8(1), 89 - 92.

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a severe cardiovascular complication prevalent in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The risk factors of this disease are so high that it became one of the major causes of mortality among middle - aged individuals. This study aimed to investigate the degree of awareness about risk factors for CAD among the Hail region population. The study was carried out in the Hail region, Saudi Arabia, from April 2020 to May 2020. Data collected from five hundred and thirty - seven participants participated through an online survey. The process of selection of participants was through volunteer testing and an online review poll that was disseminated to them to complete. No limitations on age or sex were applied to the surveys. Awareness of TV watching (88.5 %), smoking (87.9%), lack of physical activities (78.4 %) and family history of CAD (74.7 %) as the leading cause of CAD has a notable higher percentage among the studied population whereas the family history of diabetes mellitus (51.6 %), having diabetes mellitus (57.7 %), family history of hypertension (65.7 %) and family history of hyperlipidemia (69.1 %) have the lowest percentages. Regarding the gender, the male participants have the poorest awareness degrees about risk factors for the CAD. The study revealed that the family history of hyperlipidemia, Family history of DM, having DM and family history of hypertension have the poorest degrees of awareness of the risk factors for CAD among the studied population.

1 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

003379   THAKUR N S, AARTI, THAKUR A, ATTRI S, HAMID, GAUTAM S (Food Science and Technology Dep, Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar Univ of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan - 173 230, Himachal Pradesh) : Studies on storage quality evaluation of drink prepared from Rhododendron (Rhododendron arboreum Sm.) flowers extract. Annals Phytomed 2021, Vol 10 (1), 263 - 76.

Rhododendron (Rhododendron arboreum Sm.) is one of the wild flower of Himachal Pradesh (India) which can be of great economic importance because of its high antioxidants, colour pigments and other quality parameters besides its medicinal properties. Drink or RTS beverage is quite popular product because of longer shelf-life and less loss of nutrients during processing. In present investigation, effect of packaging and storage conditions on the various quality parameters of rhododendron drink was studied. The physicochemical and sensory characteristics of rhododendron drink packed in pre-sterilized glass and PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) bottles stored in ambient (20-25^oC) and refrigerated temperature (4-7^oC) conditions were estimated at 0, 3 and 6 months of storage. Drink could be safely stored for a period of six months under both the storage conditions without much change in the various physicochemical and sensory characteristics. The various physicochemical characteristics like total soluble solids (12.00 to 12.47 ^oB), reducing sugars (7.05 to 8.62 %), titratable acidity (0.30 to 0.26 %), ascorbic acid (1.43 to 0.28 mg/100 ml), anthocyanins (9.68 to 6.33 mg/100 ml), total phenols (14.24 to 12.63 mg GAE/100 ml) and antioxidant activity (9.66 to 7.44 %) increased/decreased during the storage period. However, these changes were slower in refrigerated storage conditions as compared to that under ambient conditions. The drink stored in PET and glass bottles was found suitable for consumption, with comparatively less changes occurring in glass bottles stored under refrigerated conditions.

5 illus, 17 tables, 39 ref

003364   MOUNIKA M, HYMAVATHI T V (Foods and Nutrition Dep, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural Univ, Hyderabad - 500 030, Telangana State) : Nutrient and phytonutrient quality of nutricereals incorporated flour mix suitable for diabetics. Annals Phytomed 2021, Vol 10 (1), 132 - 40.

Diabetes is a health problem whose burden is evident in developing countries, and over the decades, it has been drastically increasing at the global level. It became one of the causes of death. Diet is one of the interventions to control diabetes. Consumption of millets or whole grains with pulses is associated with lowering non-communicable diseases, as they contain a large amount of dietary fiber, minerals, phenolics, and antioxidants. The current study was aimed to develop a product from millets suitable for consumption by people with diabetes. Selected millets, viz., foxtail millet, proso millet, kodo millet and barnyard millet were procured from the local market. Wheat flour (Triticum aestivum L.), green-gram dhal (Phaseolus aureus Roxb), oats, soybean (Glycine max Merr), barley, fenugreek seeds, and gums were procured from the local market. Flour mixes were prepared by mixing dehulled, milled millet flours with other grain flours in different proportions, keeping 100 % whole wheat flour as control. All the flour samples were tested for nutrients and phytonutrients using AOAC methods. The moisture content, total carbohydrate, and energy content were decreased; protein, crude fiber, ash, and lipid contents were increased significantly (p<0.01) with the incorporation of millet flour blend in minor millet flour mix (MMFM) compared to control flour. Antioxidant and phytonutrients, viz., total phenols, and phytic acid content were high in the MMFM.

2 illus, 4 tables, 70 ref

003218   UPASANA, PANDEY V, CHAKRAVARTY A, TRIPATHI Y B, GUPTA K K (Home Science Dep, Mahila Coll Dalmianagar, Rohtas ? 821 307, Email: me.upasana87@gmail.com) : Effect of intake of hypocaloric diet and low fat dairy food on biomarkers of weight gain among working women in Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. Adv Hum Biol 2021, 11 (1), 63 - 72.

The rise in overweight and obesity is a major public health problem in today’s era. The main reasons are nutrition transition, urbanisation, westernisation, sedentary lifestyle and lack of physical activity. These interlinkage leads to modifications in physiological response via adipocytokines which are closely related to degenerative diseases. The study aims to find out the percent change in biomarkers of weight gain among overweight and obese working women (respondents). By purposive sampling technique, 32 respondents were selected and data were collected by interview schedule method. All respondents underwent 6 months of intervention programme i.e., dietary guidelines of following the hypocaloric diet suggested with dairy food products.  Anthropometric measurements showed a highly significant change among cases (P < 0.001). Among cases, systolic blood pressure showed a significant difference (P < 0.01) after 6 months. Biochemical parameters among cases showed significant changes among fasting plasma glucose (P < 0.01), fasting insulin (P < 0.05) and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P < 0.01). Significant changes were also observed among cases in biochemical parameters, i.e., total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), total lipids, non-HDL cholesterol, cholesterol HDL ratio and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index(OUICKI) (P < 0.001). High‑sensitive C‑reactive protein, tumour necrosis factor alpha and adiponectin also showed significant change after 6 months (P < 0.001). Nutrient intake also showed statistically significant change after intervention (P < 0.001) except in the intake of phosphorus and calcium (P > 0.05). Apositive correlation was noticed between systolic blood pressure with weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and percent body fat and between adiponectin and waist–hip ratio. HOMA-IR and QUICKI also showed a positive correlation with energy intake (P < 0.05). Incorporating a hypocaloric diet with dairy food products helps in harmonising the biomarkers of weight gain among respondents.

6 tables, 47 ref

000810   MOHOD A A, KHADSE V A, CHIRDE P N (Directorate of Extension Education, Akola, Maharashtra) : Quality performance of vegetables grown under organic and integrated nutrient management production systems. J Pharma Innov 2021, 10(5), 218-21.

A field experiment was carried out at Agronomy Farm, Dr. PDKV, Akola during Rabi season of 2017-18 on clayey soil. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with nine treatment combinations and four replications. Treatments consist of three nitrogen sources viz., 100 % N through urea, 50 % N through FYM + 50 % N through urea and 50 % N through FYM + 50 % N through Vermicompost + Biofertilizers and three vegetables viz., Coriander, Fenugreek and Spinach. Experimental results revealed that higher chlorophyll content of the leaves of all vegetables was observed with application of 50 % N through FYM + 50 % N through urea than other nitrogen sources. In case of shelf life of leafy vegetables physiological weight loss was lowest which was produced by the application of 50 % N through FYM + 50 % N through Vermicompost + Biofertilizers. Fenugreek recorded lowest physiological weight loss in refrigerator, covered with wet cloth and at room temperature at 24 and 48 hours. Dark green colour of all vegetables was acceptable by 40 % respondents, better aroma of all leafy vegetables, was experienced by 42 % respondents and good taste was noted by 50 % respondents which were resulted by the application of 50 % N through FYM + 50 % N though Vermicompost + Biofertilizers.

4 tables, 10 ref

000805   SHARMA R, BORAH A (Lovely Professional Univ, Phagwara, Punjab) : Prospect of microcapsules as a delivery system in food technology: A review. J Pharma Innov 2021, 10(5), 182-91.

Microencapsulation is the process by which any active substances are coated with the help of very small capsules. The size of the capsules can range from one micron to several hundred micron values. The usage of these capsules is not limited to any field; it plays important role in many industries related to pharmaceutical, biotechnology, food industries and in research applications as well. With the help of this latest technology encapsulation of vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, flavors, omega-3 fatty acids, micro-organisms, enzymes, oils, peptides, protein hydrolysate, antioxidants and polyphenols is possible and there are many factors that play a vital role in the efficiency of microcapsules such as the concentration of polymer, rate of solvent removal, solubility of polymer insolvent, etc. microencapsulation can be done in many ways such as; spray drying, extrusion, lyophilization, coacervation, spray cooling, fluidized bed coating, co-crystallization and inclusion complexation. The article is a review of microencapsulation technology and lays emphasis on various substances that can be encapsulated with the help of this technique and different types of microencapsulation.

2 illus, 1 table, 70 ref

000480   ASHOKA S, SHAMSHAD BEGUM S, VIJAYALAXMI K G (Food Science and Nutrition Dep, Agricultural Sciences Univ, Bengaluru, Karnataka) : Byproduct utilization of watermelon to develop watermelon rind flour based cookies. J Pharma Innov 2021, 10(2), 196-9.

Bakery products are popular among different cross sections of population in India and many bakery products are nutritional and have become important part of diet of the people. Cookies are most popular snack items that are small, usually round and flat made from stiff, sweetened dough, and baked. In the present study, Cookies were developed by incorporating watermelon rind flour at different levels like 10, 20, and 30 per cent with refined wheat flour and compared with control (100 % refined wheat flour). The sensory scores revealed that the overall acceptability of cookies with 30 % incorporation had good acceptable score (8.23) whereas for control cookies sensory score was (8.04). The nutrient composition of best accepted cookies had protein (4.68g), fat (30.04g), crude fibre (3.25g) and carbohydrate (45.69g). Also, cookies had good amount of calcium, iron and phosphorous i.e. 43.11mg, 2.30mg, and 71.81mg respectively per 100g of cookies. Hence watermelon rind flour which is nutritious by-product of watermelon can be utilized in bakery products to upscale the nutritional profile.

1 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref

045746   KUMAR I R (Yoga and Physical Science Dep, Eknath Bhavan, Bengaluru- 560 019, Karnataka, Email: itagi.ravi@gmail.com) : Biological cold fusion effect in germination of green gram seeds. Int J Sci Nat 2020, 11(2), 31-5.

Biological cold fusion is the way of changing one element into another, unequivocal fusion of mid-range elements through low energy nuclear reactions. Here green grams seeds were germinated in the room temperature and at its atmosphere condition. Elemental analysis was done with wet method by using optical emission spectrometry. Results show that in germinated seeds Na increased by 235 %, Mg by 14 %, P by 25 %, K by 26 % and Cu increased by 14 % and among decreased elements Ca decreased by 14 %. Changes in the value of trace elements in the germinated seeds might be due to biological cold fusion taken place in the seeds.

1 illus, 4 tables, 8 ref

045743   BANO R (English Dep, SKUAST, J&K) : An insult to women everywhere: A case-study of exploitation of women in the bell jar by sylvia plath. Int J Sci Nat 2020, 11(1), 10-3.

In a modern society like ours, which benefits from advances such as mechanization and birth control, the male advantage has become largely if not entirely redundant. But still the patriarchy endures, upheld by hoary ideology and vested interests. So, the present paper is a case study with special focus on the institution of marriage inflicted upon women for their exploitation as represented in the selected text. This objective has been realized through text based exploration of the exploitation of women in the name of marriage. The ideology is manifested, among others, in the socialization of children, which emphasizes man as breadwinner and decision-taker, and woman as mother and homemaker. The selected text has been analyzed in the light of feminist ideology. The research highlights generally the exploitation of women in the 1950’s. The institution of marriage has been viewed as a hard chain that restricts female members of the American society from flourishing as individual beings. The outcome of this exploitation has been seen in the negation of this institution by the protagonist and her negative impression of this institution. The study has consulted the perspectives of feminists such as Josephine Donovan, Kate Millet and Sheila Cronan to critically evaluate the suffering and its consequences for the protagonist to generalize this social institution of marriage.

13 ref

046815   ELLYANI E, DIMYATI K, ABSORI A, WARDIONO K, BUDIONO A (Muhammadiyah Univ, Bengkulu, Indonesia, Email: emmaellyani@yahoo.com) : Psychological analysis of Jenang Kutei judges in delivering a verdict of Matai Bilai and Cuci Kampong (Purification Ritual) in Rejang Lebong Regency, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194468.

Jenang Kutai judges or judges of custom law are judges that are selected from traditional leaders, community leaders or religious leaders. They are highly respected as they are considered as a role model and are prestigious in the society. Well-mannered characteristics owned by custom law judges is underpinned by their maturity balanced with applicable norms in the society. As a judge, Jenang Kutai judge should be calm, assertive, fair, and bold in making decision or delivering a verdict. This is done in order to enforce the law. Even though sometimes such judges psychologically have sympathy for the defendant, they have to pass sentence because people they believe that God’s punishment through hazard disaster will come for those who commit the crime and do not enforce the law.

22 ref

046814   KHARGAN A A, MUHAMMAD S Y, ALWAN H A S (Thi-Qar Univ, Nasiriyah, Iraq, Email: anmar.atshan@utq) : The effect of special exercises by using training methods to assist in the development of some motor abilities and handstand skill of still rings for young people. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194467.

Artistic gymnastics is considered as one of the plays that developed, in which the performance reaches to the top, we exactly dedicate to the still rings device that its exercises characterized by strength, stability, pronation and tucks flyaway of handstand, so an athlete needs to strength, speed, endurance, fitness, balance and flexibility. This study aims at preparing some special exercises using assistance tools to improve some motor and skills abilities on the Still Rings device. This study hypothesized that there is no significant differences between pre and post-tests of the experimental and control groups in the motor abilities and handstand skills of still rings device for the good of experimental group. The researchers used descriptive method with two groups. After homogenizing and equaling the sample of the research, the researchers applied special exercises on the experimental group that made up of (24) training modules. The researchers concluded that the special exercises with assistance tools have a great role in improving the motor and skillful abilities of the experimental group. The use of these assistance tools in improving the performance of some skills which assist in saving time and effort of the trainer and the player.

5 tables, 5 ref

046769   EL-EISAWY A G A (Babylon Univ, Hillah, Iraq) : Unemployment and its role in increasing crime rates within the Iraqi society. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194715.

Unemployment is a complex problem whose dimensions and effects are not confined to the economic aspect solely, but also extend to the political, social, cultural and security aspects. It has great consequences, the first of which is crime and the increase of its rates. Perhaps there is a big difference between the developing communities that are still suffering from economic crises and instability in most fields of life, and suffer from chronic unemployment, which almost takes the form of the heavy legacy passed down from one generation to the next and the developed communities that are thinking of the need to exploit leisure time ideally through the creation of more future job opportunities and the importance of providing generous pensions for aged groups, not to mention the development of service sectors, especially health services and increasing the percentage of those covered by health care and health insurance services. Perhaps the difference between these and those is the attraction factor of security stability, which is the most effective tool for crime prevention and control, rather than the huge money spent by developing communities in building and arming the security.

22 ref.

046763   JASSIM H E A A, ABBAS S A (Babylon Univ, Hillah, Iraq) : International crimes and the legal basis of the international committee of the red cross in armed conflict. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194709.

International and non-international armed conflicts and other acts of violence are conflicts that cause death, persecution, suffering, internal displacement and destruction of the nation’s infrastructure. These conflicts, with their various names, revolve around most of the world. There are international conflicts between two states and conflicts involving armed groups within the state known as armed conflicts Non-international, and there are internal tensions and tensions known as internal conflicts (other violence). International and non-international armed conflicts govern international law. International humanitarian law is the basis for the rule of these disputes, which is defined as the laws of war. The definition and classification of disputes and their conditions leads to the identification of serious violations of international humanitarian law and the applicable international law. Article 2 of the four Geneva Conventions of 1949, Additional Protocol I of 1977, which deals with international armed conflicts, and non-international armed conflicts apply Article III, in particular Additional Protocol II of 1977 Which complemented Article 3 common to fill the deficiency and imbalance in this article.

18 ref

046665   JALOOD H H, MAKTOOF A A, AL-REKABY H R (General Directorate of Education, Thi-Qar, Iraq, Email: alzaidyhayder@gmail.com) : Role of MnSOD Val16Ala gene polymorphism in changing the level of serum metals in workers exposed to heavy metals in Al-Nasiriyah City. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194342.

Low activity of antioxidant enzymes due to polymorphism in antioxidant genes and differences in mineral and metal levels creates oxidative stress that may play a role in advancing many diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the role of Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene polymorphism [rs4880 Val16Ala)] in exposed workers and to compare the levels of metals and minerals among its various genotypes in control group. A total of 80 individuals including age and gender matched workers and control group were genotyped. Detection of rs4880 polymorphism was done using sequencing technique. The blood serum were tested for determination of metals and minerals using Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AA 6600 Shimadzu). This study indicate that the frequency of T allele was higher than that of C allele in control group as well as in workers. Our results indicate no association between all genotypes in study subjects. The results of present study indicates that Pb and Cd concentration differ significantly between TT genotypes of MnSOD (rs4880) gene polymorphism as compared to CC genotypes in workers and control group (p<0.05). Control group with TT, TC and CC genotypes have high concentration of Fe, Cu and Zn as compared to workers group.

2 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

046659   MUIN F, MUCHAROM R S, IZZIYANA W V (Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa Univ, Banten- 42124, Indonesia, Email: fatkhulmoen@gmail.com) : Synergy of government and regional government authority in providing health guarantee for communities in Indonesia. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194336.

The main idea of the government was to form a special institution to handle social security for the community in 2004, which was through the Social Security System Act. With the provisions of this law, in 2011, the Republic of Indonesia Law No. 24 of 2011 concerning the Social Security Organizing Agency (BPJS) and implementing regulations. On another aspect, the social security system is certainly difficult to implement if the system is not integrated between the central government and regional governments. With an integrated system, a social security system in the health sector will be built, this is in line with Law No. 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government, where one of the concurrent affairs in the health sector. The purpose of this research is to analyze the synergy of the authority of the government and regional governments in implementing social security in the health sector by using qualitative methods and normative juridical approaches.

12 ref

046651   AL-HUSSONA A J, AHMED F A W (Education Ministry, Dhi Qar, Iraq, Email: alijalhussona@gmail.com) : Molecular detection of mutations in mtCOX1 gene in Iraqi patients with aortic and mitral valve diseases. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194328.

Many evidences suggest that aortic and mitral valve diseases are not a direct result of aging but may be linked to various genetic factors. This study was designed to determine the potential role of mutations in certain mitochondrial genes and their association with aortic and mitral valve disease. The study included 31 patients , 16 with aortic valve defect and 15 mitral valve patients in addition to 20 healthy volunteers as comparative group. The results of the molecular analysis showed that there were 11 mutations of those with an aortic valve, seven silent mutations and two mutations recorded for the first time in the present study at the sites m.6922 G>T; p.W340L, m.6690 G> C; p.G263R and deletion mutation at m.6936 delA site recorded at the clinical variation site with accession number SCV000845763 and one insertion mutation at m.6908 insG site and registered with accession number SCV000845764. The results of the study recorded 12 mutations of the mitral valve eight silent mutations and the other significant mutations at sites m.6253 T>C; p.M117T, m.6366G>A; p.V155I, m.6690G> C; p.G263R and deletion mutation m.6607 insT site registered with the accession number SCV000852048.

1 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

046646   ABSORI A, NUGROHO S S, HARYANI A T, SARJIYATI S, BUDIONO A, NUGROHO H S W, JAYANUARTO R (Campus of Muhammadiyah Univ of Surakarta, Pabelan Surakarta, Indonesia, Email: absorisaroni@gmail.com) : The Prospect of Environmental Law to Achieve Healthy Environmental Development in Indonesia. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194323.

Every citizen has the right to achieve the constitutional guarantee to live in a good and healthy environment, to be able to grow and develop. The environmental law’s role and prospect as the agent of stability, agent of development, and agent of change is something which cannot be negotiated to achive a healthy environmental development in Indonesia. It is to avoid pollution and environmental devastation for the sake of today’s and the future’s generations.

18 ref

046635   MOHAPATRA S (K.I.I.T, Bhubaneshwar- 751 024) : Self determination and indigenous people: The fight for ‘commons’. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194313.

History has always seen the less-privileged as the one suffering the alienation of their rights, entitlements. It is equally true that these communities have fought back to claim what is rightfully theirs. The principle of Self determination or the right to decide how to be governed can be traced back to World War-1 and the principles laid down by Woodrow Wilson. This right to Self determination exists for each one of us. This becomes even more imminent when it belongs to a community which has its own preserved culture to protect, it has its own resources of which it is the foremost protector. Here the paper emphasizes how the tribals in India have now been reduced to a mere dependant and beggary.The paper traces the various changes of the Indian legal system governing the relationship between the ‘Commons’ and the Tribal Communities. But ‘the history of Forests is the history of conflicts’. The researcher has taken two case studies- the struggles of the Dongria-Kondhs of Odisha and the Sentinelese from Andaman , to show how these communities have in their own unparalleled ways protect their Commons from the never-ending appetite of the industrialization and human greed. Lastly, the researcher has analysed various provisions from the Corpus of Indian laws, to find out where is the State missing out. Along with it, the researcher has also suggested potential reforms to those lags , so as to guarantee the Tribals their “Right of Self Determination” in wholesome.

14 ref

046634   MISRA S, PATTNAIK P K (Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Univ, Bhubaneswar- 751 003, Email: shyamantak@soa.ac.in ) : Lilliputian neglected happenings call for Snafu: “theory of broken windows”. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194312.

This article named “Lilliputian neglected happenings call for snafu” is a work focusing on the small things that are usually neglected and avoided during policing which further leads to hampering of peace and harmony in the neglected society or community thus giving a chance to the delinquents and offenders to foul up and create a chaotic situation. This work is inspired from the “Theory of Broken Windows” which was introduced by James Q Wilson and George L. Kelling in March 1982 in an article named “Broken Windows: The Police & neighborhood safety” in The Atlantic, retrieved 2007-09-03. This article first starts explaining the definition and origin of theory in general then how it reached its targeted audience and got popularized. The influencing power of the theory has been elaborately discussed, its theoretical tendency to revamp the policing methods have been stated and then the practical adoption of the theory by the New York police department and the consequences of the same have been enunciated. Finally the observation after through research works whether the theory is practically persistent or not has been deduced along with the concluding remarks.

5 ref

041562   RUTTANOKORN K, NUNTANAKORN P, JANMAHASATIAN S, ROJANARATA T (Silpakorn Univ, Pathom-73000, Thailand, Email: rojanarata_t@su.ac.th) : Promoting student-run online class review activities as effective cooperative learning. Indian J Pharm Edu Res 2020, 54(4), 915-20.

The aim of this work was to enable students to set up and organize for themselves online review activities after class. Students worked as groups to create short notes and quizzes that covered the topics from a lecture course and shared them by using free online tools. To provide support and motivation, the instructors offered advice on how to organize the activities and effectively create quizzes and notes. Prizes were awarded to students who won the popular votes for the best short notes and some students’ quizzes were incorporated into the end of course exam. After the activities, the students’ opinions and levels of satisfaction were surveyed. The students generated, submitted for evaluation, revised and then shared class review materials on a website operated by students themselves. After being improved through instructor’s assessment, the quizzes and short notes were well received and used by students, resulting in a higher average exam score with a lower variance than that in the previous year in which these activities were not conducted. The students reported that they were satisfied with the activities, had a positive attitude towards them and perceived their benefits. Furthermore, they understood the process of how to produce online review activities and were confident that they could transfer their experiences to set up similar activities in other courses. By giving students the opportunity of learning how to run lesson review activities online and providing them with appropriate supports, learning can be shifted from a teacher-organized task to a student-run activity, providing an effective means of cooperative learning.

2 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

046620   PATTNAIK A (SOA Univ, Bhubaneshwar- 751 003, Email: a.pattnaik82@gmail.com) : Direction of environmental virtue an epilogue: A critical analysis of 19th century case laws. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194298.

In this race the Indian legislature, fortunately, has not lagged far behind and has shown great concern for degradation of environment” and made specific legislative attempts to control different environmental pollution in particular. On the other hand, the second limb of the state, the executive, has been moving at a snail’s pace or what Justice Krishna Iyer says, the bureaucratic machinery, which difunctionally, has passion for files, not for the people.” Whereas, the judiciary is trying its best to balance the environment and development. In view of the degrading environment which poses a problem for the very survival of living things, the environmental law academics lately started paying attention to this underdeveloped field. Out of the three components of the state, the academics in India have generally confined their discussions to the approach of the legislature. The executive approach in environment has yet to attract serious attention of the law academics’ writings. However, the judicial approach finds some place in the law writings. The present paper makes an attempt to take further the discussion on Indian judicial approach in the field of environment. Such academic exercise is all the more necessary in the present time because Indian judiciary since 1980 is taking special cognizance of the pollution explosion and there is a substantial increase in the case law in environment. Is not the time ripe to take stock of the direction of environmental legality in India? The present paper makes a humble attempt in this direction. It confines discussion to the cases of 1987 decided by the Supreme Court of India and the High Courts. This specific year has been selected because the graph of case law in environment from the year 1950 to 1990 shows its highest peak in 1987.

27 ref

046619   DAS A, MISHRA A (Shiksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Univ, Bhubaneshwar- 751 003, Email: amrutadas@soa.ac.in,) : International humanitarian approach on ‘identity crisis’ of LGBTQ: A global perspective. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194297.

Unlawful attacks on sexuality perpetuated by intolerance of the binary sex poses a serious concern on the honour and reputation of a transgender person being an ‘individual’ making the minority vulnerable with poor physical and mental health. Being a person with diverse sexual expression is no limitation to enjoy basic inalienable rights being a ‘human’ suppressing sexual orientation and identity is an arbitrary denial of right to love with dignity. Streets taking up ‘pride parade’ movements confronting the Governments demanding progressive laws against discrimination, harassment and degrading treatment, recognition of their constitutional fundamental and basic human rights still remain far from reality. International commitments drafted at Conventions remain non-functional because most of the legal systems defend a stigmatised religious attitude and intolerance of culture. However, regardless of variation in customs, culture or societal norm, it is obligated on countries to secure freedom of expression of LGBTQ for an inclusive society. Homosexualities in sports and athletes have shown apologetic and disheartening incidents of voyeurism, trauma and humiliation. The alleged sex controversy of 2012 involving the Asian Games gold winner Pinki Pramanik (Indian Athlete) raised disturbing questions on a person’s anatomical features, right to privacy of body, standards of morality when she was mistreated and lodged in a male prison on accusations of raping her live-in-partner. This paper is an attempt to bring out the perspective of world community on personhood and human rights of the LGBTQ/transgender community.

12 ref

046617   SATAPATHY S, MOHANTY M (Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, Email: madhubratamohanty@soa.ac.in) : Constitutionality of attempt to commit suicide unlocking the controversy. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194295.

A person is born free but he does not have this freedom to choose his death. Suicide is a deliberate act of killing of oneself. Suicide as such is not a crime but when an attempt is taken it can be considered as one under Section 309 of Indian Penal Code. The debate round the corner is whether attempt to commit suicide should be punished or not. A person was aware of the outcome of committing suicide, still knowingly takes an attempt. Suicide as a problem is the mixture of social, psychological, philosophical, moral, ethical and legal reasons behind it. An act of suicide requires grave awareness because there is nothing an ordinary prudent man fears more than his death, and that fear in the huge majority of cases, is as logical as it is inevitable. This paper has drawn the attention towards the ongoing debate of retaining or deleting Section 309 by testing its validity on the ground of Article 21 of the constitution of India which provides right to life as a fundamental right.

9 ref

046610   YADAV P, VIG K (Amity Univ, Noida, Email: parulyadavonline@gmail.com) : Restrictions imposed by human biology in achievement of gender justice as human rights. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194288.

In contemporary times with frequency as high as that of everyday , we are witnessing debates on implementation of gender justice. Be it college forums, news channels or for that matter parliament everywhere and everyone at both conscious and sub-conscious levels are aware of the problems resulting because of imbalance in power equations between the genders. The focus area of this research paper will be India and legislation of India which has made many laws, bye-laws and rules to bring feminine and masculine gender on the same footing but yet there are gaps through which gender justice is getting hit hard despite the Criminal Amendment Act of 2013 and 2018. Complication by the NALSA judgment have occurred as a result of which the definition of gender justice needs over-hauling but the Indian society is unwilling for it. Through this research paper , researchers trace out the problem is actually lying in the very meaning of sex, sexuality and gender as understood by the society of India and the solution is lying in being neutral towards sex and gender.

16 ref

046607   MISHRA A, DAS A (Shiksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Univ, Bhubaneshwar- 751 003, Email: amritamishra@soa.ac.in,) : Manufacturers’ and Endorsers’ Liability : ‘Shifting the Onus’ approach. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194285.

Endorsement being seen as a platform for presentation of traits and performances of a product, it draws an analogy with ‘invitation to offer’ with the product or service voicing their presence via celebrity personalities attracting attention. Though the case of Donoghue v. Stevenson remains the original precedent on manufacturer’s negligence and absence of any contractual obligations to the consumer making him responsible towards the ultimate beneficiary, the ratio and obiter should be analysed in sharing a lookalike obligation on endorsers for injury ensuing from use of such product or service. Since the debate of Nestles’ Maggi brand, there has been a look out at the existing liability regime for the celebrity endorsers of such products. In the wake of flooding consumables in the free competitive market, falsification of critical data, misleading and non-obvious statements and superficial promising results often prejudice consumers’ choice as well as preference, thereby affecting their rights to claim for healthy, consumer friendly products and income justified and habit of consumerism. Moreover, being a ‘ideal’ ‘God like’ and ‘larger than life’ figure to common man, personalities from entertainment, sports and other popular industry invite a stricter interpretation on their ‘responsibility quotient’ because of the edge over other professional advertisements in terms of greater credibility and trust.

9 ref

046602   MISHRA N, CHAURASIA J, SRIVASTAVA R (Home Science Dep, Allahabad Univ, Prayagraj- 211 002, Email: rashmi.ns814@gmail.com) : Influence of extraction solvents on antioxidant activity of Withania somnifera. Med Plants 2020, 12(4), 648-55.

Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) is a promising source of bioactive compounds and known for its medicinal properties for prehistoric times in India. The efficient and cost-effective extraction of bioactive compounds is the foremost step for drug development. The study was performed to evaluate the effect of selected solvents (hexane, chloroform, acetone, methanol, and aqueous) on the extraction yield, phytochemical composition, and antioxidant capacity of W. somnifera. Results showed that methanol followed aqueous extract is the most effective solvent with highest extraction yield (5.8 %), phenolic content (85.88 mg GAE/g), and flavonoid content (105.09 mg QCE/g).The antioxidant activity was found to be effective in the order methanol > aqueous > acetone > chloroform > hexane extracts at different concentrations of 60- 240 µg/ml. TPC and TFC positively correlated with antioxidant activity, however, there is a strong correlation (<0.9) between the total flavonoid content and the antioxidant activity than phenol. In conclusion, solvent polarity significantly affects the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of W. somnifera.

1 illus, 4 tables, 30 ref

041161   DEBNATH D, KAKKAR R (Community and Family Medicine Dep, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, Email: drrakesh75@rediffmail.com) : Modified BG prasad socio-economic classification, updated – 2020. Indian J Comm Health 2020, 32(1), 124-5.

SES of a family is often an important parameter of measurement in various health studies. Socioeconomic status is an important tool which influences the accessibility, affordability, acceptability, availability and utilization of various resources. The concept of socio-economic status is widely used in medical sociology.

2 tables, 13 ref

046359   DEOBHANJ S (School and Mass Education Dep, Odisha Gov, Odisha, Email: deobhanj@gmail.com) : Communication for conservation – Linking the gap with nature camps. J Scient Temp 2020, Vol 8(3&4), 185-95.

Nature camps are incredible personal experiences in the lap of nature. Nature acts as the best teacher. People are usually so engaged in their daily work that they communicate less with nature and also understand less the lessons it teaches. Nature camps are held in groups, mostly in wildlife sanctuaries for one day or more. They facilitate correlation of natural resources, natural phenomena, etc. with school subjects to make a better impact on the student’s learning about nature. An attempt with one hundred high school science teachers in Cuttack city has been made in the present study, to analyze their responses and views regarding participation in nature camps for effective science communication. It was agreed by the majority that visits to nature camps help to have better understanding of the environment and the related local and global issues, than their peers who do not visit. They also cited some limitations and also advantages of the visits. Nature camps enhance communication regarding biodiversity, conservation, pollution, global warming, climate change, etc. among students as well as community members. The gap between the classrooms and the real world can be linked through these nature camps for global peace and sustainable development.

2 tables, 5 ref

046354   SHARMA N, AKHTER Y, MIR S A (Teacher Education Dep, Central Univ of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh, Email: navneetsharma29@gmail.com) : Science education in India: A misnomer for scientific temper. J Scient Temp 2020, Vol 8(3&4), 135-45.

Indians being ‘argumentative’ can even justify the indefensible and the conventional scientific logic and rationality appear amorphous and adjustable to us, which can be tailored to justify our firmly held superstitious beliefs and obscurantist practices. Scientific temper is a requisite to evolve an ‘Ask why’ society to sustain and reinvigorate the Indian democracy, which needs to be re-understood in the context of popular culture and pedagogical practices of science education. In this article, we tend to problematize what is scientific temper? Why scientific temper continues to elude us despite being part of our constitutional fundamental duty and framework. The aim is to negotiate with the idea of science as understood by Indians, while simultaneously deconstructing the idea of Indian science. The article will also explore the pedagogical concerns of science education in India. The penultimate question would be about the possibility of evolving scientific temper with the contemporary science education policies and system. The paper attempts to analyze how science education in Indian classroom settings continues to evade evolvement of scientific temper

16 ref

040510   SHIRISHA P (Humanities and Social Sciences Dep, IIT Madras, Chennai - 600 042, Tamil Nadu, Email: shirisha@zoho.com) : What lessons should Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana learn from the shortfalls of Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana: The case of Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana in Chhattisgarh. Indian J Community Med 2020, 45(2), 135-8.

Publicly funded health insurance has been rolled out by many states as well central government. As it is being seen as a way of protection against catastrophic health expenditure. Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) has been one such attempt succeeded by the recent scheme Ayushman Bharat, which provides coverage of 5 lacs for each family per year. To assess RSBY on issues of equity across the state of Chhattisgarh. The district‑wise secondary data for Chhattisgarh were obtained from the official state website of RSBY maintained by the Government of Chhattisgarh. The data were utilized to estimate the claim ratio (procedure wise as well as district wise), enrollment pattern, rate of hospitalization, and average costs of hospitalization across the district to compare the change in trends since 2011 till 2017. There is an overall increase in enrollment, utilization, and number of empanelled hospitals. Also, a higher conversion ratio (i.e., increased proportion of the below poverty line households enrolled) shows a positive sign of improved coverage. All the districts faired on an average, barring Sukma with lowest enrollment rate (55 %) probably due to poor accessibility and political disturbances. Although there has been an increase in the overall utilization, procedure‑wise claims, and enrollment, there are signs of inequity, namely the skewed distribution of empanelled hospitals. Therefore, good or bad, RSBY offers important lessons to be learned for Ayushman Bharat.

1 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

039188   BHUTIA M O, THAPA N, TAMANG J P (Microbiology Dep, Sikkim Univ, Tadong - 737 102, Email: jyoti_tamang@hotmail.com) : Khyopeh, a traditional fermented yak meat product of Sikkim. Indian J Tradit Know 2020, 19, 187-91.

The preparation of naturally fermented meat product is an integral part of socio-cultural practice of different ethnic groups of people dwelling in the Himalayan regions of India, Nepal, Bhutan and Tibet in China. This study is aimed at documenting the traditional preparation of khyopeh, a naturally fermented meat product of yak prepared by ethnic people of Sikkim and its food safety. This is the first report on khyopeh with emphasis on its traditional method of preparation and food safety

3 illus, 1 tables, 19 ref

039172   EMIRUMSTAFAOGLU A, COSKUM H, GULER G (Gastronomy and Culinary Arts Dep, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal Univ, Turkey, Email: ahmetemir@ibu.edu.tr) : Some chemical, physical, microbiological and sensorial properties of traditional water buffalo yogurts produced in Turkey. Indian J Tradit Know 2020, 19, 83-91.

In this study, it was aimed to determine some physical, chemical, microbiological and sensorial properties of yogurts traditionally made from water buffalo milk in the Western Black Sea Region (WBSR) in Turkey. Totally 86 yogurt samples were collected from producers or sellers in the cities of Kastamonu, Karabük, Bartın, Zonguldak, Düzce and Boluin WBSR and analyzed. As a result of the analysis, mean dry matter (%), fat (%), non-fat dry matter (%), protein (%), ash (%), lactose (%), pH, acidity (LA, %), color values L*, a* and b*were obtained as 17.13±3.524, 6.98±2.327, 9.92±1.362, 4.48±0.690, 0.84±0.102, 4.59±1.011, 4.20±0.208, 1.22±0.236, 96.22±2.217, -3.30±0.412 and 8.50±1.513, respectively. Starch was determined in none of the samples. Average water holding capacity was 67.48±9.594% and viscosity was 1249.67±1077.762 mPa.s. In addition; firmness (g), consistency (g.sec), cohesiveness (g) and index of viscosity (g.sec) were found as 246.43±138.898, 4910.66±2234.522, 182.32±87.672 and 334.79±149.087, respectively. Acetaldehyde, ethanol, diacetyl, acetoin and aceton values were obtained as 8.93±4.205, 114.93±154.807, 0.95±0.014, 24.44±16.905 and 0.59±0.504 (mg/kg), respectively. Mean aerobic mesophilic count was found as 4.41±1.032 log cfu/g, coliforms as 2.37±1.077 log cfu/g, yeasts and molds as 4.16±1.076 log cfu/g and total lactic acid bacteria count as 5.96±0.923 log cfu/g. Sensorial analyses showed that average appearance score was 3.76±1.005, smell 4.03±0.978, taste 3.64±1.105, consistency by spoon 3.93±1.005 and consistency by mouth3.71±1.022 on scale 5. Important variations in properties analyzed were observed among the samples collected from different cities. For example, the values of dry matter, fat, protein, ash, water holding capacity, viscosity and color were the highest in the samples of Karabük city among the others.

5 tables, 33 ref

039036   WU Y, DING W, WANG Z, KOENIG H G, SHOHAIB S A (Epidemiology and Statistic Dep, Ningxia Medical Univ, Yinchuan- 750 004, China, Email: wzhzh_lion@126.com) : The relationship between parental religiosity and school age children's dietary behavior in Ningxia Province, China: A cross-sectional study. Ind J Pub Health 2020, 64(2), 154-60.

Studies have shown parental religious involvement was associated with better health behaviors of their children. However, the relationship between parental religiosity and child dietary behaviors remains unclear.  This study aimed to examine the relationship between parental religious involvement and the dietary behaviors of school‑aged children in mainland, China.  Participants were selected from a northwest province of China using a multi‑stage sampling process from July 2017 to October 2017. The frequency of parental religious activities and the importance of religion in life, along with the dietary behaviors of children, were collected using a questionnaire. Dietary pattern analysis coupled with multivariable linear regression was employed to test the association between parental religious involvement and children’s dietary behavior. The regression model indicated no significant relationship between parental religious behaviors and children’s dietary behaviors in the overall sample. However, the frequency of mother’s religious attendance was inversely related to children’s consumption of vegetables (β = −0.40, P < 0.05) in the Hui subsample (vs. Han) when stratifying analyses by ethnicity.  These findings suggest amongthose of Hui ethnicity, parental religious involvement may impact children’s dietary behavior in a way that may affect their future health habits.

3 tables, 38 ref

039032   TAQI M, SARKAR S, KHAN M M A (Geography Dep, Government PG Coll, Bhaderwah, Jammu and Kashmir, Email: taqizaik@gmail.com) : Analyzing the disparities in the coverage of maternal and child health services: A district-level cross-sectional analysis of Jammu and Kashmir. Ind J Pub Health 2020, 64(2), 130-4.

Improving overall coverage of maternal and child health (MCH) services is essentially required if India in general and Jammu and Kashmir state in particular have to attain the Sustainable Development Goals by the year 2030. Thus, the disparities in coverage of MCH services need to be assessed and addressed. The objective of this study was to examine the variation in coverage rates for a keyset of interventions in MCH services and to assess the relationship between coverage gap and socioeconomic development across the districts of Jammu and Kashmir. Data from the National Family Health Survey‑4 (NFHS‑4), 2015–2016, Census of India 2011, and Digest of Statistics Jammu and Kashmir were used to construct two composite indexes of coverage gap and socio economic development at district level. Cronbach’s alpha was used to assess the internal consistency of indicators used in the two indexes. The overall coverage gapin the state was 28.17 %, and the size of coverage gap was largest for family planning interventions (55.8 %), followed by treatment of sick children (26.95 %) and maternal and newborn care (18.75 %), and was smallest for immunization (10.5 %). There is a moderate negative correlation between coverage gap and socio economic development (r = −0.63, P = 0.01). Coverage of MCH services and socio economic development has a significant disparity in the districts of Jammu and Kashmir. Resource‑rich and more urbanized districts are much ahead of the poor and less urbanized districts in terms of the usage of MCH services.

1 illus, 3 tables, 25 ref

039028   WAHABI H A, SIS A M, FAYED A A, ESMAEIL S A (Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman Univ, Riyadh- 84428, Saudi Arabia, Email: fayedam_200@hotmail.com) : Effectiveness of health education in reducing secondhand smoke exposure among pregnant women visiting the antenatal clinic in Saudi Arabia: A randomized controlled trial. Ind J Pub Health 2020, 64(2), 102-8.

Pregnant women’s exposure to secondhand smoking (SHS) is associated with detrimental effects on the pregnancy outcomes. The objective of the study was to compare the effectiveness of face‑to‑face counseling, based on health belief model (HBM),combined with a written educational pamphlet, and health education using written pamphlet only, in improving pregnant women’s perception, behavior to avoid SHS and change in exposure to SHS. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2016. The intervention group received face‑to‑face health counseling on SHS, while the control group received only written educational pamphlets. Outcomes were the change in the perception of mother on the four constructs of the HBM and the change in mothers’ behavior of avoidance of SHS exposure. A total of 100 women were recruited for the study, of whom 93 (47 intervention and 46 control) women completed the study. All women identified their spouse as a source of SHS exposure. Following the intervention, the intervention group had significantly higher scores in the perception of susceptibility (21 ± 4 vs. 16 ± 7, P < 0.01) and severity (15 ± 3 vs. 12 ± 4, P < 0.01) and reduced perception scores of barriers to avoid SHS exposure (11 ± 4 vs. 9 ± 5, P = 0.03), compared to the control group. However, there was an insignificant change in the exposure to SHS after the intervention in both the groups; where 25 (53.2 %) women in the intervention group and 31 (67.4 %) in the control group (P = 0.16), continued to being exposed to SHS.  Counselling of pregnant women, based on HBM, has insignificant effect in reducing their exposure to SHS; however it is effective in improving their knowledge and perception about SHS exposure.

1 illus, 3 tables, 24 ref

027345   KUMAR S, SOHU V S, GUPTA S K, SINGH R P, BAINS N S (ICAR – Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal – 132 001 (Haryana), Email: kumarsatish227@gmail.com) : Understanding the chapatti making attributes of the Indian wheats - II: The rheological basis. J Appl Nat Sci 2018, 10(2), 723 - 40.

The concept of good chapati varies from individual to individual and depends mainly on the rheological properties of the dough used to prepare the chapaties. The research project was largely built around two type of plant meterials, the tall traditional cultivars of the pre-dwarfing era, and three backcross recombinant populations (BC₁F₅ generation) C 273/PBW 343//PBW 343 (70 lines), C 306/PBW 534//PBW 534 (70 lines) and C 518/ PBW 343//PBW 343 (80 lines). Association of traits studied with chapati score in set of cultivars and genetic stocks Starch pasting characteristics showed mild negative correlation with chapati quality, which is again contrasting, to the requirements of bread making. The correlations were not consistent over years possibly due to environmental factor (temperature, rainfall, fertilizer and irrigations etc.) and due to change in the constitution of the set. Similarly mixographic traits showed negative association chapati making quality. The correlations which prevail in the populations carry much greater weight as these have persisted over several rounds of recombination and are likely to reflect under lying causes of superior chapati quality. As various components of chapati quality would be disassembled, the relative levels of correlations for individual traits would be uncovered. Among the starch pasting characteristics, final viscosity and setback were consistently negatively associated with the chapati making quality. In case of the mixographic traits, mixing tolerance index is negatively associated whereas rate of dough development has consistent positive correlation with chapati quality.

14 tables, 19 ref

027344   BISHT D (Family Resource Management Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana -141 004 (Punjab), Email: deepshelly@gmail.com) : Participation of special group people in household and personal care activities and problems faced by them. J Appl Nat Sci 2018, 10(2), 667- 71.

The present study was performed to examine the participation of female wheelchair users in household and personal care activities, problems faced by them and to seek suggestions from them to improve their work environment.The study was conducted in Punjab state and the sample was selected from different districts of Punjab by using snowball and purposive sampling technique. Only those female wheelchair users were selected for the study who were involved in performing household work. Case studies on 10 female wheelchair users were done to gather relevant information from the respondents and their work participation profile was observed for three consecutive days. A self-structured questionnaire was prepared to gather the relevant data from the respondents. Results revealed that despite their physical limitations, respondents were involved in some of the activities in their homes. Difficulties experienced by respondents while performing household and personal care activities included poor eye sight, slow speed, early onset of fatigue and less light in the work area.

5 tables, 12 ref

027343   YADAV S, GABA G (Textile and Apparel Designing Dep, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar (Haryana), Email: saroj16.yadav@gmail.com) : Awareness of farm workers regarding health problems and use of protective clothing during pesticide application. J Appl Nat Sci 2018, 10(2), 540 - 3.

Pesticides are widely used in agricultural production to prevent or control pests, diseases, weeds, and other plant pathogens in an effort to reduce or eliminate yield losses of cotton crop and maintain high product quality. Because of high biological activity, and in some cases, long persistence in the environment, pesticides (pyrethroids, carbamate, oganophosphate, organochlorines) may cause harmful effects to human health and to the environment. Occupational exposure to pesticides often occurs in the case of agricultural workers in open fields and greenhouses. Farmers who perform spray activity are routinely exposed to high levels of pesticides (Monocarbamide dihydrogen sulfate, pyrethroids and carbamates), than the other farm workers such as pesticide loader, evaluator. The dermal and inhalation routes of entry are typically the most common routes of farmers’ exposure to pesticides. Farmers’ exposure to pesticides can be reduced through less use of pesticides and use of the appropriate protective clothing and equipments in all stages of pesticide handling. The present study was conductedon 270 respondents from all nine blocks of Hisar district of Haryana state to create awareness amongst them regarding health problems and use of protective clothing during pesticide application. An educational package in the form of Video CD and Leaflet was used. Pamphlets were distributed; lecture-cum-demonstrations and film shows were organized. Protective clothing and accessories were also exhibited for better impact. It was recorded that respondents succeeded in acquiring awareness at post exposure level, through print and electronic media for each message viz. breathing problems (23.3 %), eyes related problems (100 %), skin allergy (43.3 %), headache (60.3 %), fainting due to inhalation of pesticide (64.33 %) and stomach related problems (23.56 %).

1 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref

027346   AMBAWAT S, KHETARPAUL N (Foods and Nutrition Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Haryana, Email: sumanambawat03@yahoo.com) : Comparative assessment of antioxidant, nutritional and functional properties of soybean and its by-product okara. Ann Phytomed 2018, 7(1), 112-8.

Soybean is considered as functional food due to various bioactive components present in it. In the present study, antioxidants, nutrient composition and functional properties of okara (soybean milk residue) were compared to soybean. The study revealed that okara possessed good antioxidant activity, i.e., total phenolic content (122.57 mg gallic acid/100 g) and DPPH free radical scavenging activity (41.46 %). It also contained considerable concentrations of protein (24.79 g/100 g) and fat (10.52 g/100 g), although less than those of soybean. The total dietary fibre content of okara (58.21 g/100 g) was more than double the dietary fibre of soybean (24.75 g/100 g). Insoluble dietary fibre (46.64 g/100 g) was the major fraction in okara and remaining was the soluble dietary fibre. Okara had significantly lower phytic acid content (843.33 mg phytic acid per 100g) and higher in vitro protein digestibility (68.26 %) than soybean. Among minerals, total calcium (346.93 mg/100 g) and phosphorus (480.17 mg/100 g) were significantly higher in okara, while, potassium, iron and zinc contents were also in remarkable amounts. The availability of minerals was maximum in okara. In addition, okara had significantly higher water absorption (9.47 ml/g)and swelling (9.33 ml/g) capacity, whereas, lower oil absorption capacity (0.26 ml/g) and bulk density (0.21 g/ml) as compared to soybean. Thus, okara is a valuable by-product and can be considered as a potential source of value addition for food industry due to its promising antioxidants, nutritional and functional properties.

3 illus, 4 tables, 38 ref

029906   VERMA T, PRASAD R, GUPTA A (Food Nutrition and Public Health Dep, Ethelind Coll of Home Science, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Polyherbal formulation of antioxidant and fiber enriched product 'Nutri Masala Candy'. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(5), 187-91.

Traditionally life threatening diseases have been deals with herbal medicines which are taken as food not as medicine or drug such products include Chyawanprash, Pachan Goliyan, Hamraaj Churna etc. Nutri masala candy is relishing treat to stimulate the normal salivary action vital for the effective digestive function. Organoleptic evaluation of “Nutri masala candy” in relation to sensory attributes which indicates that T₂ (Amla + Apple pulp + Orange peel powder + flax seed powder in the ratio of 75:15:4:6) had the highest score showed that the overall acceptability was highest in T₂ (8.7) followed by T₁ (8.03), T₀ (7.9) and T₃ (7.2) respectively and there was a significant difference, (p < 0.05) between the control and the treatment. The chemical composition of the best product (T₂) increased with the incorporation of prepared mix powder the moisture content in Nutri masala candy was found in 0.21 percent, Ash content was found to be 3.7 g/100 g, Protein and fat content is 4.8 g/100 g and 1.07 g/100 g, Fiber in the product found to be 6.2 g/100 g, carbohydrate 90.22 g/100 gm, energy content is 386.98. Vitamin C content in product is 10.65 mg/100 gm, Polyphenol was found to be 1175 mg/100g and DPPH radical scavenging activity was found to be 279 percent. The cost of the Nutri masala candy T₀ (control) Rs. 31.57, Rs. 28.89 for T₁, Rs. 29.08 for T₂ and Rs. 29.27 for T₃. Nutri masala candy should be recommended for all age groups as it is helps to improve digestive function and proper growth.

1 illus, 3 tables, 9 ref

029902   ALI A I, VERMA A, PAUL V (Food Nutrition and Public Health Dep, Sam Higginbottom Univ of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Assessment of prevailing supplementary and weaning practices in the selected area of Allahabad. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(5), 180-6.

An appropriate diet is critical in the growth and development of children especially in the first two years of life. Malnutrition during the first two years of life results in an irreversible impairment in attaining full potential of physical growth, brain development, and health status of children. The rate of malnutrition is very high in infants and young children from six months of age onwards, when breast milk alone is no longer sufficient to meet a child's nutritional needs, foods other than breast milk are introduced gradually into the baby's diet, first to complement breast feeding and progressively to replace it and get the child used to adult diet. This study aimed to find out the different supplementary weaning practices adopted and find out the nutritional status of the infants aged (6 months – 2 years) in selected areas of Allahabad Uttar Pradesh, India. It was a cross-sectional study. Using a purposive random sampling technique, 60 children of 6-24 months were recruited. Data was collected using a pretested structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS statistical software package. Anthropometric measurements were performed by standard methods (NCHS and Gomez classification). Timely introduction of complementary feeds was commenced in 30 % of the children. More than half (65 %) of the children were weaned abruptly and 76.7 % of the children were bottle fed. The distribution of children by different ranges of MUAC showed that 10 children were found to be normal (14.5 cm) and 18 (13.5-14.5 cm), 20 (12.5-13.5 cm), and 12 (12.5 cm) children were found to be in mild, moderate and severe malnutrition, respectively. For 16.11 % of children height for age Z-score was between -0.99 and 0.99 SD of the NCHS median indicating that they were normal. The prevalence for severe stunting (<-3 SD) was about 6.39 % and for moderate stunting (-2.99 to -2.00 SD) 46.94 %. The growth performance (underweight) of the children measured by using the indicator weight for age (W/A Z score) showed that 9.58 % of the children were severely underweight (-3 SD), 33.75 % mildly underweight (-1.00 to -1.99 SD of the NCHS median) and 15.14 % normal. The distribution of children weight for height (Z-score) according to age group showed that 43.47 % (- 2.99 to -2.00 SD) were moderately malnourished, and 28.61 % (-1.99 to -1.00 SD) were mildly malnourished. The prevalence of malnutrition (growth retardation) by using different anthropometric indicators showed that more than half of the proportion of children (51.39 %) were found to malnourished (underweight) using W/A as indicator. Amongst all the subjects, prevalence of wasting and stunting was 35.56 % and 13.06 % respectively. The aim of our study was to assess the prevailing supplementary and weaning practices in the Selected Area of Allahabad. Adequate infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices are essential to ensure optimal survival, health, growth, development and overall nutritional status of children. The respect of WHO recommendations on complementary and weaning practices was less than optimal. It is important to develop interventions aimed at bridging the gap between these practices and WHO recommendations. In the present study, initiation of complementary feeding at the recommended time of six months was not appropriate in the majority of children. Also, the quantity of complementary feeding was insufficient. Therefore, the benefits of timely introduction of complementary feeds and proper weaning practices should be continually reiterated for women attending ANC with follow-up in the post-natal period through counseling. There is an urgent need to lay more emphasis on the need for improving the dietary quality of weaning foods and the inclusion of all food groups' namely, dairy products, legumes and nuts, flesh foods, eggs, vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, cereals and tubers, and other fruits and vegetables. Creating an awareness of the advantages of appropriate time of introduction of complementary foods will further strengthen and support the common practice in communities and avoid an early introduction to complementary foods for socio-cultural reasons. Socioeconomic status of the family has a greater impact on the nutritional status of the children. Despite the fact that appropriate intervention and rehabilitation program can eradicate the problem of child malnutrition, nutritional knowledge and proper health measures can play a significant role in the entire scenario of nutrition. It is hoped that the results of this study will help in the proper understanding of complementary and weaning practices in communities of Allahabad district, India and the world at large.

8 tables, 35 ref

031151   KHAN I, PARVIN N (Anthropology Dep, R.G. Government P.G. Coll, Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh, Email: khanirshad0790@gmail.com) : Nutritional assessment based on mid upper arm circumference of the hill korwas under five year children in Sarguja district, Chhattisgarh, India. Int J Pharm Biol Sci 2018, 8(4), 220-6.

Mid Upper Arm Circumference is used as an indicator for assessing acute undernutrition among children below five years of age. WHO child growth standards (2007) have given age related Z-Score for both boys and girls for MUAC for identification of undernutrition among children below five years. The objective of nutritional status based on mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) among under five-year Hill Korwa children. Therefore, a study was carried out from December-2015 to 2016 in three Lundra, Batauli and Sitapur blocks of Sarguja district Chhattisgarh. A total of 1000 children for MUAC have been made on 580 boys and 420 girls’ children below 6 years of age living in Sarguja district of Chhattisgarh in this cross-linked study. MUAC was measured using fibreglass tape sensitive to the nearest mm using standard technique. MUAC z-scores (MUAC-Z) were computed using WHO child growth standards and nutritional status was assessed. It was observed that 45.20 % of the children (age-combined) were malnourished. The WHO (2007) recommended age and sex independent cut-off points for MUAC (mm) under estimated the prevalence of undernutrition was 47.6 % among children in the study. This clearly indicated that MUAC-for-age using WHO Child Growth Standards would help in identifying the burden of acute undernutrition among Hill Korwa children.

1 illus, 5 tables, 29 ref

031154   THAKRE G, BARSE A (Jiwaji Univ Gwalior, Madhya Pardesh) : Development of herbal jelly (with Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and rose petals). J Med Plants Stud 2018, 6(6), 30-2.

Jelly is a semi solid product. It is prepared by boiling, straining a clear solution of pectin-containing fruit extract, free from pulp is obtained, after the addition of sugar and acid, a jelly is obtained ensure that the TSS (Total soluble of solid) of jelly should be in range of 65-68 %. There are different types of jelly already available in market. Apple, lemon, orange and guava jelly are available in market. But, they use synthetic colours. This innovation has been done by using Hibiscus rosa-sinensis petals and rose petals. In this jelly we are not using synthetic colour. This jelly is healthier than conventional jelly. This product has high nutrional value. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis contains high amount of vitamin C and antioxidant. Rose also contain high amount of antioxidant and vitamin E. Many trials were formulated from T₁-T₈, among these 8 trials T₅, T6, &T₇ have more acceptability than other. Trials were performed for this innovation. In T₅ trial 50:50 (hibiscus: rose), T6 trial 75:25(hibiscus: rose) & T₇ trial 60:40 (hibiscus: rose) juice extracts were used. T₇ trial was the best trial out of all and thus was selected.

2 tables, 9 ref

031150   KESSY R F, OCHIENG J, AFARI-SEFA V, CHAGOMOKA T, NENGUWO N (World Vegetable Center, Duluti, Arusha, Tanzania, Email: justus.ochieng@worldveg.org) : Solar-dried traditional African vegetables in rural Tanzania: Awareness, perceptions, and factors affecting purchase decisions. Econ Bot 2018, 72(4), 367–79.

This paper analyzes rural households’ awareness, perceptions, and factors influencing decisions to purchase solar-dried traditional African vegetables (TAVs). Solar-dried vegetables have higher nutritive value, good appearance, good taste, and better hygiene than open sun–dried vegetables. A simple random sampling was used to obtain 244 rural households in Dodoma and Singida regions of Tanzania. Descriptive statistics were used to measure awareness and perception of solar-dried TAVs while logit regression was employed to estimate factors influencing households’ decision to purchase solar-dried vegetables. The study findings indicate that about 36 % of rural households are aware of solar-dried TAVs and know their nutritional and health benefits. Most households purchase and consume the open sun–dried types due to lack of knowledge of the benefits of solar dried vegetables. The decision to purchase solar-dried vegetables is influenced by sex of household head, income level, previous experience in consuming sun-dried vegetables, and knowledge of the nutritional and health benefits of the solar-dried vegetables in diets. Thus, awareness creation and promotion of solar drying of TAVs is suggested as an effective way to continuously access nutritious vegetables, particularly in regions faced with frequent droughts.

5 illus, 3 tables, 32 ref

031148   BHUYAN D, DAS A, LASKAR S K, BORA D P, TAMULI S, HAZARIKA M (Livestock Products Technology Dep, Assam Agricultural Univ, Guwahati - 781 022, Email: drankur1978@gmail.com) : Effect of different smoking methods on the quality of pork sausages. Vet World 2018, 11(12), 1712-9.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritional, physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory attributes of pork sausages treated with conventional smoking (CS) and liquid smoke (LS). Pork sausages were prepared by employing CS (T1) and by addition of LS at 3 % (T_2A), 5 % (T_2B), and 7 % (T_2C) while smoking was not done in control (C) sausages. The ready-to-eat pork sausages were evaluated in terms of proximate composition, emulsion stability (ES), cooking loss (CL), pH, water activity (a_w), texture profile analysis (TPA), and shear force on the day of preparation and the shelf life of the sausages was evaluated on the basis of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) value, organoleptic qualities, total viable plate count, total psychrophilic count, and yeast and mold counts at 5-day interval up to 15 days under refrigerated storage (6 ± 1 °C). The mean percentage moisture and percentage ether extract contents of the conventionally smoked sausages (T₁) exhibited significant difference (p ≤ 0.01) with the rest of the formulations. However, in terms of mean percentage crude protein and percentage total solids, no significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) was recorded between the treatment groups. The mean ES (ml of oil/100 g emulsion) of the different sausage emulsions ranged from 1.88 to 3.20, while the mean a_w values among the sausage formulations were found to be non-significant. In terms of mean percentage, CL and pH values, significantly lowest (p ≤ 0.01) values were recorded by the T₁ sausages. The mean TBARS values recorded at different periods of time in respect of all the treatment groups ranged from 0.10 to 0.33 mg malanoldehyde [MDA]/kg of sausages which are well within the permissible limit. The highest shear force values (KgF) were recorded by the sausages of T₁ formulation (p ≤ 0.01), while TPA of the sausages did not record any significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) among the treatments. Organoleptic studies revealed acceptability of the sausages up to 10 days of refrigerated storage irrespective of treatments employed; however, the sausages of T₁ formulation scored significantly (p ≤ 0.01) higher panel ratings. Microbiologically, sausages with different formulations were found to be within the acceptable limit up to the 15^th day of refrigerated storage. The study revealed that traditional hot smoking has slightly higher edges over the LS-treated sausages in terms of lipid oxidation, microbiological safety, and sensory panel ratings. However, if not superior, the same was found to be well within the acceptable limit in case of LS-treated sausages proving the potentiality of the use of LS as a suitable replacement for the traditional hazardous hot smoking process.

1 illus, 7 tables, 39 ref

031153   LALITHA R V M S, HYMAVATHI T V, DEVI K U, ROBERT T P (Foods and Nutrition Dep, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural Univ, Hyderabad) : In-vitro digestibility of protein, starch and in-vitro availability of minerals (iron and zinc) in whole and dehulled nutri-cereal based multigrain extruded snacks. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(6), 186-8.

The extrudates were prepared from the multigrain flour mixture either whole grain flour (WGF) or dehulled grain flour (DGF) comprising of 15 % of sweet potato flour, 30 % cereal and pulse flour (Bengal gram+ defatted soya bean flour + rice in equal proportion) and 55 % of nutri-cereal flour (Pearl millet+ Foxtail millet + Ragi in equal proportion). The in vitro-digestibility of protein (IVPD) (70.90 %), in-vitro availability of Iron (57.85 %) and Zinc (38.35 %) were higher in DGE than in WGE, while in-vitro digestibility of starch (IVSD) was higher in WGE (36.88). Due to these characteristics, whole grain extrudates can be a potential snack for the health-conscious population suffering from lifestyle diseases and dehulled grain-based extrudates for supplementary nutrition programmes.

1 illus, 13 ref

031149   DAS A, SANYAL M K, DEBNATH A, GANGULY S (Dairy Technology Div, ICAR National Dairy Research Institute, Haryana) : Development of spiced and smoked sausage from buffalo skim milk. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2018, 7(6), 121-5.

Sausages are immensely popular food products which are basically emulsified and formed products, typically made from ground meat (generally beef or pork), and optionally added with spices, herbs, salt and may or may not be smoked. Development of a sausage like product from milk would, therefore, provide a scope for product diversification and also help to bring about expansion of market potential for dairy products. The present research work was, therefore, conducted to develop a sausage like emulsified and formed product from buffalo skimmed milk chhana added with spices and salt, and finally smoked in a chamber. Spices used to develop desirable sensorial characteristics in buffalo skimmed milk sausage included coriander, cumin seeds, red chili, black pepper, clove, turmeric, cinnamon. This may utilize the surplus milk solids available in the country to prepare a protein-rich meat sausage analogue. In an effective manner which is likely to cater to the need of fat-conscious consumers. The level of ingredients and processing parameters such as level of milk fat in the skimmed milk, level of spice mix and salt and smoking time for making buffalo skimmed milk sausage were optimized on the basis of sensory evaluation of the product. Buffalo milk containing 0.5 % fat, spice mix and salt at the rate of 1.25 and 1 %, respectively of the weight of chhana and smoking of the mixture of chhana, spice mix and salt for 15 min in a hot smoke chamber were selected for the development of spiced and smoked skimmed buffalo milk sausage with desirable sensorial attributes.

10 tables, 11 ref