YUWONO S D, IRYANI D A, GUSTI C, SUHARTO, BUHANI, SUHARSO
007496 YUWONO S D, IRYANI D A, GUSTI C, SUHARTO, BUHANI, SUHARSO (Chemistry Dep, Lampung Univ, Bandar lampung, Indonesia, Email: suripto.dwi@fmipa.unila.ac.id) : Production of acetyl cellulose from agricultural waste of oil palm empty fruit bunches. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2725-8.
In Indonesia especially in Lampung Province, there are a lot of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) as an organic material waste. OPEFB is relatively inexpensive lignocellulose material as raw material of cellulose acetate or acetyl cellulose. In a business to bigger added value out of these natural renewable materials, the production of the acetyl cellulose was performed well by the acetylation of cellulose from OPEFB using different methods. These were extensively characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results indicated that the acetyl cellulose resulted showed similar properties to cotton acetyl cellulose. Degree of substitution of the resultant acetyl cellulose from different methods was improved from 1.86 to 2.60.In Indonesia especially in Lampung Province, there are a lot of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) as an organic material waste. OPEFB is relatively inexpensive lignocellulose material as raw material of cellulose acetate or acetyl cellulose. In a business to bigger added value out of these natural renewable materials, the production of the acetyl cellulose was performed well by the acetylation of cellulose from OPEFB using different methods. These were extensively characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results indicated that the acetyl cellulose resulted showed similar properties to cotton acetyl cellulose. Degree of substitution of the resultant acetyl cellulose from different methods was improved from 1.86 to 2.60.
4 illus, 1 table, 26 ref
KAUR A, SHARMA S
007469 KAUR A, SHARMA S (Applied Sciences & Humanities Dep, Ferozpur- 152 001, Ferozpur- 152 001, Email: sangeetassharma70@gmail.com) : Biogenic synthesis of gold nanoparticles and their applications: A review. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(12), 2679-97.
The purpose of the present study is to explore the merits and demerits of various biogenic synthesis route of gold nanoparticles using plant materials and microbes. Literature survey indicated that microbe mediated synthesis route is found to be quite effective but the availability and feasibility of microbes, enzyme control conditions is of great challenge for the researchers. Among all the available bio-reductants for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles rhizome of Zinger officinale (ginger) has been found more advantageous in accordance with availability, stability, applicability, reaction time, etc. for the fabrication of gold nanoparticles.
2 tables, 241 ref
SIYAL L, KUMAR B, BHATTACHARYA A, SAHNEY R
007486 SIYAL L, KUMAR B, BHATTACHARYA A, SAHNEY R (Amity Univ, Noida- 201 313, Email: rachanasahney@gmail.com) : Entrapment of glucose oxidase in reverse micelle microemulsion systems for glucose detection in lipid based food products. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2635-41.
Entrapment of glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme in a new reverse micelle emulsion system was studied. The microemulsion consists of aqueous phase (buffered enzyme)/SPAN 85/n-decane. Critical micelle concentration (CMC) of surfactant-SPAN 85 in n-decane was determined using dynamic light scattering study and it was used to develop microemulsion system. Most stable and optically transparent microemulsion with entrapped glucose oxidase showed higher values of specific enzyme activity, maximum reaction rate (Vmax) and turn over number and low value of Michaelis-constant (Km) in comparison to homogeneous GOx (enzyme-glucose oxidase) system. The microemulsion system was successfully used to quantify D-glucose in lipid based food products without any sample preparation. Comparison of these results with chemical method (phenol-sulfuric acid method) and commercial kit method used in food industry validate the efficiency of the new proposed system. The study provides new information about the glucose content of some commonly consumed milk based products where nutritional labels do not accurately show true glucose content. These findings provide support for comprehensive glucose labeling to food products commonly used by the children.
7 illus, 2 tables, 46 ref
SHAH A A, JAYALAKSHMI D, XAVIER B
007482 SHAH A A, JAYALAKSHMI D, XAVIER B (P.G. and Research Physics Dep, Queen Mary's Coll, Chennai- 600 004, Email: belina.xavier@gmail.com) : Impact of spherical gold nanoparticles from Phyllanthus emblica (Indian gooseberry) fruit extract on the photocatalytic reduction of methylene blue dye. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2613-7.
In present study, gold nanoparticles are synthesized using the aqueous fruit extract of Phyllanthus emblica (Indian gooseberry) via the green synthesis route. The biomolecules such as phenols, ascorbic acid, flavanols and tannins play an important role in the reduction of the metal ions as investigated by FT-IR studies. The UV-visible spectroscopy studies confirm the surface plasmon resonance peaks in the range of 532-550 nm and is characteristic of the colour change from pale yellow to pinkish-purple. The TEM analysis exhibits the spherical gold nanoparticles in the range of 10-50 nm. The zeta potential observed value is found to be -9.92 mV indicating a good stability and highly dependent on the shape and the interparticle interaction of metal nanoparticles in the medium. The particle size obtained by the dynamic light scattering method is in agreement with the TEM analysis. Gold nanoparticles act as a potential catalyst under mercury light illumination and shows 92.4 % degradation of methylene blue from the contaminated water.
7 illus, 29 ref
SUNDARAM E J S, DHARMALINGAM P
007489 SUNDARAM E J S, DHARMALINGAM P (PG and Research Chemistry Dep, Urumu Dhanalakshmi Coll, Tiruchirappalli- 620 019, Email: dharmalingamudc@gmail.com) : Synthesis and characterization of PMMA polymer/clay nanocomposites for removal of dyes. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2589-95.
The adsorbent polymer/clay nanocomposites were prepared by in situ emulsion polymerization method. The prepared adsorbent was characterized using FT-IR, XRD, TGA and the surface morphology was analyzed using FE-SEM. The prepared polymer/clay nanocomposite was used for the removal of malachite green and amido black 10B. The effects of initial pH, adsorbent dosage, initial metal ion concentration, contact time and thermodynamic studies on the malachite green and amido black 10B adsorption were studied. The adsorption isotherm parameters of the adsorption process were determined by using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherm equations. The kinetic parameters were predicted with Lagergren’s pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order equations. The effect of temperature of the adsorption process was demonstrated by using the thermodynamic parameters. The maximum adsorption capacity of malachite green and amido black 10B onto polymer/clay nanocomposites was found at pH 7 and 2. Adsorption of malachite green and amido black 10B onto polymer/clay nanocomposites followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and it follows pseudo-second order rate constant equation The thermodynamic parameters, such as ∆Hº, ∆Sº and ∆Gº were also determined which suggested that the studied adsorption process was an endothermic reaction.
4 illus, 3 tables, 44 ref
SIDDIQUE M N I, ZAIED B K, KABIR M N, AHMAD M F
007485 SIDDIQUE M N I, ZAIED B K, KABIR M N, AHMAD M F (Malaysia Terengganu Univ, Terengganu, Malaysia, Email: m.nurul@umt.edu.my) : Progressive two-stage efficient codigestion of food waste and petrochemical wastewater for higher methane and hydrogen production. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2575-8.
The valorization of agro-modern waste through anaerobic codigestion signifies a remarkable prospect for waste treatment and sustainable energy source generation. This study intended to improve the codigestion of food waste and petrochemical wastewater by an advanced two-phase process. In view of concentric acidogenic and methanogenic stages, intended for upgrading execution and diminishing pollution. The ideal food waste to petrochemical wastewater proportion was assessed under batch operations. From that point, codigestion was carried out by continuous feeding operations weighting single-and two-phase digestions. The outcomes exhibited that the supplementation of petrochemical wastewater in codigestion with food waste incredibly improved the anaerobic system. The maximum methane generation was acquired codigesting the two wastes at equivalent proportion by utilizing the creative two-phase system. The proposed framework achieved the highest methane production of 259 mL/g volatile solid, which is more than double than the single-phase system and 11 % greater than that of conventional two-phase system.
2 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref
RAHAYUNINGSIH E, SUBAGYA I S, SETIAWAN F A, PETRUS H T B M
007476 RAHAYUNINGSIH E, SUBAGYA I S, SETIAWAN F A, PETRUS H T B M (Chemical Engineering Dep, Gadjah Mada Univ, Yogyakarta- 55281, Email: edia_rahayu@ugm.ac.id) : Fresh neem leaves (Azadirachta indica A. juss) extraction and application: An optimization using response surface methodology. Asian J Chem 2019, 31, 2567-74.
Fresh neem leaves (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) consist of quercetin (flavonoid) compound, responsible for yellow colour as a natural dye. The study investigated the variable optimization in fresh neem leaf extraction process and its application. The optimization was conducted using response surface methodology (RSM) and ANOVA test. The coefficients of determination (R2 ) were generalized at 96.46 and 96.39 % for optimizing extraction process and application process parameter of natural dyes from neem leaves, respectively. The optimum variables for the extraction process were obtained at 50 % w/v feed-solvent ratio, the temperature of 80 ºC and extraction duration of 80 min with the response concentration of 46.19 g/L. Furthermore, the optimum variable on the application of natural dyes from neem leaves was recorded when alum was applied as fixator as much as 14.09 g/L and Turkish red oil (TRO) as mordant at 11.16 g/L resulted the response of 0 % on the degree of faded.
5 illus, 7 tables, 29 ref
FAUZIAH S, SOEKAMTO N H, BUDI P, TABA P
007463 FAUZIAH S, SOEKAMTO N H, BUDI P, TABA P (Chemistry Dep, Hasanuddin Univ, Makassar, Indonesia, Email: stfauziah_as@yahoo.co.id) : Adsorption capacity and selectivity of molecularly imprinted polymers towards β-sitosterol. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2527-31.
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) as an adsorbent has been synthesized using β-sitosterol as molecule template on free radical polymerization reaction. The capacity and selectivity of the adsorption from MIP to β-sitosterol was studied in this study. The β-sitosterol concentration in the adsorption-desorption test and the MIP selectivity test were analyzed by UV-visible and HPLC. The MIP obtained from the synthesis results in a high adsorption capacity. Based on the Freundlich adsorption isothermal equation, the adsorption capacity (k) was found to be 1.24 mg/g. The MIP can adsorb 100 % β-sitosterol while cholesterol was only 3 %. The MIP is most selective to β-sitosterol, therefore, has high potential to apply as adsorbent at solid phase extraction method to isolate β-sitosterol from sample extract.
3 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref
SEESANONG S, LAOSINWATTANA C, CHAISEEDA K, BOONCHOM B
007481 SEESANONG S, LAOSINWATTANA C, CHAISEEDA K, BOONCHOM B (Plant Production Technology Dep, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok- 10520, Email: kbbanjon@gmail.com) : A simple and rapid transformation of golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) shells to calcium carbonate, monocalcium and tricalcium phosphates. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2522-6.
This study was designed to manage golden apple snail shells, the wastes created in large amount daily from the consumption of the meat of golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) shells by transforming them to advanced compounds; calcium carbonate (CaCO3), monocalcium phosphate monohydrate [Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O], and tricalcium phosphate [Ca3(PO4)2]. They were successfully prepared by a rapid, simple, environmentally benign method using easily available and low-cost instrument. All synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray powder diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy to confirm the identities with the standard materials. The reproducibility and low-cost method suggest that it could be used in industry for a large-scale production of calcium carbonate, monocalcium phosphate monohydrate and tricalcium phosphate from golden apple snail shells as a replacement of natural mineral resources and be a good way to manage these shell wastes.
4 illus, 1 table, 32 ref
BAKHTIAR S, BHAWANI S A, SHAFQAT S R
007459 BAKHTIAR S, BHAWANI S A, SHAFQAT S R (Chemistry Dep, Malaysia Sarawak Univ, Kuching- 94300, Email: sabhawani@gmail.com) : Synthesis and characterization of molecularly imprinted polymer for the removal/extraction of thymol from spiked blood serum and river water. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2479-84.
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were prepared by precipitation polymerization using thymol as a template molecule, acrylamide as a functional monomer and N,N-methylbisacrylamide as the crosslinker with a non-covalent approach. The polymers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), fourier-transform infra red spectroscopy(FT-IR) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The SEM results depicted that the shape of polymer particles is spherical with uniform size (micrometers). The BET results also showed better surface area, pore size and pore volume of MIP as compared to non-imprinted polymer (NIP). A series of parameters such as initial concentration, polymer dosage, effect of pH and slectivity with structural analogue were conducted. The selectivity of MIP towards thymol was appreciable as compared to its structural analogue gallic acid with a relative selectivity coefficient of 3.59. Finally, MIP has been successfully used for extraction of thymol from the spiked blood serum (84 %) and river water sample (98 %).
8 illus, 5 tables, 36 ref
MUTHU K, AKILANDAEASWARI B, NAGASUNDARI S M
007473 MUTHU K, AKILANDAEASWARI B, NAGASUNDARI S M (Chemistry Dep, Manonmaniam Sundaranar Univ, Tirunelveli- 627 012, Email: karu.muthu@yahoo.com) : Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Polyalthia longifolia stem bark extract and its catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2439-42.
In this present study, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was synthesized from silver nitrate using the reducing agents of Polyalthia longifolia bark extract and applied the catalyst in the reduction/degradation of environmental polluted organic compound in the presence of NaBH4. Initially, the colourless reaction mixture was slowly changed to yellowish brown, UV-visible spectroscopy of surface plasmon resonance centre at 447 nm confirmed the formation of AgNPs. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) clearly identified the spherical shapes nanoparticles with diameters sizes 5-25 nm. This AgNPs has excellent catalyst in the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) as compared to the reducing agent of NaBH4 (chemical) and plant extract (natural).
4 illus, 24 ref
FLORENCE J F, LAVANYA M, JOICE J A I, THABASSOOM H A, KANMANI R
007464 FLORENCE J F, LAVANYA M, JOICE J A I, THABASSOOM H A, KANMANI R (PG and Research Chemistry Dep, Holy Cross Coll, Tiruchirappalli- 620 002, Email: felicitaflorence@hcctrichy.ac.in) : Nanocrystalline nickel electrodeposition on carbon steel using eco-friendly aqueous Ananas comosus juice. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(11), 2425-9.
The present study aims to investigate the effect of Ananas comosus juice on nickel electrodeposition on mild steel. The effect of this additive on electrodeposition behaviour, bath composition, surface morphology and corrosion performance of the nickel electrodeposited mild steel were investigated. The bath constitutents are optimized through Hull cell experiments. To investigate the nature of the deposits, FT-IR, scanning electron microscopy, EDAX, XRD and electrochemical methods are applied. Current efficiency and polarization studies were carried out. The results confirmed the influence of Ananas comosus juice on nickel electrodeposition.
6 illus, 4 tables, 14 ref
VEIGAA R D S D, SILVA-BUZANELLO R A D, CORSOA M P, CANAN C
007493 VEIGAA R D S D, SILVA-BUZANELLO R A D, CORSOA M P, CANAN C (Federal Univ of Technology, PR, Brazil, Email: rosanabuzanello@gmail.com) : Essential oils microencapsulated obtained by spray drying: A review. J Essent Oil Res 2019, 31(6), 457-73.
Antibacterial and antioxidant properties of many essential oils (EOs) and their components have led to increasing interest in their application as natural preservatives in food matrices. However, its high volatility and sensitivity at external agents affect the use of EOs as food ingredient. Thus, the microencapsulation is an alternative to use of EOs. Generally, emulsions from wall materials and EOs are obtained before the spray drying process. This process results in a physical barrier between the core compound and other system components protecting the active compound. It allows the application of several types of compounds considered technically unfeasible, that by microencapsulation became viable for use in food. Despite of advantages showed by microencapsulation and stability confirmed of EOs microencapsulated by spray drying, few applications in complex food matrices has been reported. Then, more studies relating the application of EOs microencapsulated are necessaries to confirm the microencapsulation efficacy.
6 illus, 2 tables, 97 ref
KUMAR A, AHMAD F, ZAIDI S
007470 KUMAR A, AHMAD F, ZAIDI S (Food Engineering and Technology Dep, Tezpur Univ, Napaam- 784 028, Email: f4faizahmad1989@gmail.com) : Importance of bioactive compounds present in plant products and their extraction– A review. Agric Rev 2019, 40(4), 249-60.
India is one of the largest producers of fruits and vegetables in the world. These are rich sources of bioactive compounds which provide health benefits and also possess antioxidant therapeutic value. A large portion of fruits and vegetables goes unutilized in the form of pulp and peels after the extraction of juice in food processing industries. This contains a large number of bioactive compounds. The compounds like phenolic compounds, flavonoids and carotenoids are ubiquitously present in fruits, vegetables and their by-products. These compounds have antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, antiviral, antitumor and many more activities to a greater or lesser extent. This review focuses on the bioactive compounds present in fruits, vegetables and their by-products along with their classification and importance in day to day life. A further aim of this review is to discuss various techniques employed in the extraction of bioactive compounds from plant products. The antioxidant activity of various fruits and vegetables based on DPPH radical scavenging methods has also been reported in this work.
4 illus, 8 tables, 85 ref
TOMAR S, PAREEK A, KONDAMUDI K, UPADHYAYULA S
006249 TOMAR S, PAREEK A, KONDAMUDI K, UPADHYAYULA S (Chemical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi- 110 016, Email: sreedevi@chemical.iitd.ac.in) : Evaluation of materials of construction for the sulfuric acid decomposition section in the sulfur–iodine (S–I) cycle for hydrogen production: Some preliminary studies on selected materials. J Chem Sci 2019, 131(9), 99.
Water splitting by Sulfur–Iodine (S–I) cycle is one of the promising thermochemical processes for hydrogen production due to its high efficiency. The decomposition of H2SO4 to produce SO2 is the reaction with the highest energy demand in the S–I cycle and it shows a large kinetic barrier. Sulfuric acid is highly corrosive and its endothermic decomposition needs elevated temperatures (>800 °C). Henceforth, before the scale-up of the process plant there is a need to explore various materials of construction under very harsh acidic environments and phase changing conditions. Corrosion studies on some of the possible materials of construction (SS-304, SS-310, SS-316, Inconel-800, Alloy-20, Inconel-600, Incoloy-800H, Hastelloy C-276) were performed in detail and the most corrosion resistant material is suggested for the construction of sulfuric acid decomposition unit. The studies were performed at low temperatures (60 °C and 120 °C) as well as at high temperatures (700 °C, 800 °C and 900 °C). The corrosion rates were determined using weight loss method at low as well as high temperature and by using electrochemical method at low temperature (80 °C). The phase changing condition was more severe and resulted in higher corrosion rate. Hastelloy C-276 showed the least corrosion rate.
6 illus, 6 tables, 19 ref
NAZARI M, KASHANIAN S, RAFIPOUR R, OMIDFAR K
006243 NAZARI M, KASHANIAN S, RAFIPOUR R, OMIDFAR K (Razi Univ, Kermanshah, Iran, Email: kashanian_s@yahoo.com) : Biosensor design using an electroactive label-based aptamer to detect bisphenol A in serum samples. J Biosci 2019, 44(4), 105.
A new and simple procedure was applied to detect bisphenol A (BPA) based on a BPA aptamer and its complementary strand (Comp. Str.). An electrode was modified with a mixture of carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes and chitosan. The Comp. Str. was immobilized on a modified-glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface via covalent binding. After the incubation of the aptamer with the electrode surface, it could interact with the Comp. Str. In the presence of BPA, its aptamer will interact with the analyte, resulting in some changes in the configuration and leading to separation from the electrode surface. Due to the attached ferrocene (Fc) group on the 50 head of the aptamer, the redox current of Fc has reduced. This aptasensor can sense the level of BPA in the linear range of 0.2–2 nM, with a limit of detection of 0.38 nM and a sensitivity of 24.51 μA/nM. The proposed aptasensor showed great reliability and selectivity. The acceptable selectivity is due to the specificity of BPA binding to its aptamer. The serum sample was used as a real sample; the aptasensor was able to effectively recover the spiked BPA amounts. It can on-site monitor the BPA in serum samples with acceptable recoveries.
7 illus, 3 tables, 48 ref
KUMAR N, SOLANKI J B, SHIL P, PATEL D C, MENEKA R, CHAURASIA S
006240 KUMAR N, SOLANKI J B, SHIL P, PATEL D C, MENEKA R, CHAURASIA S (Veterinary Parasitology Dep, Navsari Agricultural Univ, Navsari, Gujarat, Email: niruvet@gmail.com) : Dry preservation of Toxocara vitulorum by plastination technique. Vet World 2019, 12 (9), 1428-33.
The most widely adopted technique to preserve the gross specimen of the parasite is immersions and storage in liquid preservatives. The present study aimed to describe the dry method of the preservation of Toxocara vitulorum using plastination technique. Acetone dehydrated parasites were incubated at −20 °C for 1 month in five different plastination solutions, prepared by mixing melamine and turpentine oil with clove oil (MTCl)/chloroform (MTC)/isopropanol (MTI)/benzene (MTB)/xylene (MTX) in 1:1:1 ratio to infiltrate the polymer. Technical personnel was asked to assign weekly score for dryness, stickiness, shrinkage, glossiness, flexibility, and odor of the prepared model on a 5-point scale. Overall, the plastinated parasites were dry, non-sticky, glossy, odorless, chemical-free, harmless, to some extent flexible, with detectable morphological structure including natural form but lost their natural color, and cuticle became translucent. A varying level of shrinkage was noted in all types of plastinated model, but it was least in MTCl model. One month post-plastination, the mean evaluation score for glossiness was maximum in the parasite plastinated in MTCl solution (4.50±0.17), followed by MTC (3.72±0.32), MTX (3.56±0.38), MTB (2.83±0.37), and MTI (2.31±0.33). Likewise, for flexibility, the score was maximum in the parasite plastinated in MTCl solution (4.36±0.16), followed by MTB (3.11±0.14), MTC (2.94±0.41), MTX (2.75±0.41), and MTI (1.97±0.28). The degree of dryness, stickiness, and odor of the prepared model varies non-significantly (p>0.05) with the polymer mixtures. Maximum shrinkage percentage in terms of length and width was 4.24% and 50%, respectively, in the parasites plastinated in MTB solution. Shrinkage percentage was minimal (1.81% in length and 25% in width) in the MTCl plastinated parasites. Shrinkage percentage in terms of dimension was statistically non-significant among the different polymer solutions. Plastinated models withstand the process of microbial decomposition. There were 5 and 11 odd points in favor of plastination and formalin preservation technique, respectively. : The prepared T. vitulorum model in MTCl can be used as an adjunct to the parasite preserve in 10% formalin solution. The plastination technique can be used as an alternative method of liquid preservation.
1 illus, 2 tables, 27 ref
SINGH R V, SHARMA H, GUPTA P, KUMAR A, BABU V
006247 SINGH R V, SHARMA H, GUPTA P, KUMAR A, BABU V (Fermentation Technology Div, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu- 180 001, Email: vikash@iiim.ac.in) : Green synthesis of acetohydroxamic acid by thermophilic amidase of Bacillus smithii IIIMB2907. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2019, 56(5), 373-7.
Acetohydroxamic acid is a pharmaceutically active metal chelating agent which has various applications in the field of medicine. Current study focuses on the enzymatic synthesis of acetohydroxamic acid catalysed by thermophilic amidase from Bacillus smithii IIIMB2907. Bacterial cells were grown in 7 L fermenter for amidase production and effect of pH, temperature and substrate concentration for the biotransformation of acetamide to acetohydroxamic acid was studied. Batch reaction was also successfully optimized at bench scale with the recovery of ≈ 81 % acetohydroxamic acid (purified).
4 illus, 18 ref
ROY P, KUMAR V
006244 ROY P, KUMAR V (Basic and Applied Sciences Dep, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat- 131 028, Email: vijay.kumar@niftem.ac.in) : Production of bioflavour from microbial sources and its health benefits. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2019, 56(5), 352-7.
Aroma and flavour are the important part of food that increase the organoleptic properties of a food and makes the food more acceptable among consumers. Flavour and aromatic compounds are the most essential components in food, feed, cosmetics, pharmaceutics, and toiletries products. Commercial production of flavour and aroma compounds from the microbial source in the industry is a modern approach but the concept behind it is in human practices since time immemorial. However, the health-promoting benefits of microbial bioprocesses products are numerous ranging, from antibiotics to fermented functional foods are among the most appreciable one. This review includes the verity of flavour production from various types of microorganisms and its application in the food industry, and a brief discussion about its health benefits among the consumers.
3 illus, 1 table, 36 ref
HATAKEYAMA J, TAYLOR A J
006239 HATAKEYAMA J, TAYLOR A J (Nichirei Corporation, Chiba- 261 0002, Email: hatakeyamaj@nichirei.co.jp) : Optimization of atmospheric pressure chemical ionization triple quadropole mass spectrometry (MS Nose 2) for the rapid measurement of aroma release in vivo. Flavour Fragr J 2019, 34(5), 307-15.
The use of online mass spectrometry to measure aroma release from model systems, or from people consuming food or beverages, delivers time‐based aroma release curves that relate better to sensory perception. The technique allows the rapid analysis of the headspace above foods as well as the measurement of the performance of flavour systems in manufactured foods during consumption. The data obtained can give quick insights into the potential success of a flavouring and online mass spectrometry is widely used in the food and flavour industries. The speed of data acquisition, sensitivity to a wide range of chemical compounds, and resolution of compounds with the same nominal mass are recurring issues for online analysis. Here, we present a study of the performance of an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source connected to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Fast data acquisition could be achieved with little loss of ion signal but with slightly increased noise. In ‘Multiple Reaction Monitoring’ mode, sensitivity increased appreciably for six out of the seven compounds tested, and changing the collision energy of the system produced different mass spectral patterns for six compounds with the same nominal mass. The application of some of these techniques to coffee analysis identified the challenges and approaches needed to provide an in‐depth analysis for real samples.
2 illus, 4 tables, 20 ref
CASTADA H Z, BARRINGER S A
006238 CASTADA H Z, BARRINGER S A (Food Science & Technology Dep, The Ohio State Univ, OH- 43210, Email: devivet_1983@yahoo.co.in) : Online, real-time, and direct use of SIFT-MS to measure garlic breath deodorization: A review. Flavour Fragr J 2019, 34(5), 299-306.
This review summarizes the application of selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) to recent deodorization studies of garlic-derived volatile organosulphur compounds. Briefly, organosulphur chemistry, proposed theories on deodorization mechanisms, and technical aspects of SIFT-MS were revisited. The most effective deodorization treatments from various food and food components were identified, which include whole milk, parsley, spinach, mint, and apple; however, chlorophyll and whey protein did not provide effective deodorization. The extent of deodorization by each of the treatments varies according to the active components that are either able to bind, capture, oxidize, or reduce specific sulphur compounds, leading to deodoriza-tion. It was determined that certain varieties (cultivars) of food produce more effective deodorization than other varieties. In addition, the effectiveness of enzymes for deodorization could depend upon the rate of enzymatic activity, which catalyses the subsequent oxidation of phenolic compounds to initiate deodorization. Moreover, the high phenolic content of a food did not automatically correlate with greater deo-dorization, although the type of phenolic compound could be an important factor for providing effective deodorization. Finally, other challenges and considerations were suggested for further advancement of the research on deodorization of malodorous garlic breath using food and food components.
3 illus, 53 ref
BESAN M, GAUTAM M K, SHRIVASTAVA S K
006237 BESAN M, GAUTAM M K, SHRIVASTAVA S K (Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Varanasi- 221 005, Email: skshrivastava.phe@itbhu.ac.in) : Design, synthesis, cytotoxicity evaluation, and moleculardocking studies of 1,3,4 oxadiazole substituted 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives. Curr Trends Biotechnol Pharm 2019, 13(3), 243-58.
In this manuscript we have designed and synthesized 1,4-Naphthoquinone analogs substituted with 1,3,4 Oxadiazolenucleus.The synthesized compound (M1- M14) were characterized using the different analytical technique1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, Mass spectroscopy, melting point, elemental analysis and further subjected for the evaluation of their anticancer activity using MCF-7, Hela and HepG2 cancer cell lines. The compound M-5 was found to exhibit most potent cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines i.e. HeLa (IC50 =10.76 ± 0.11 μM), MCF-7 (IC50 = 9.30 ± 0.14 μM) and HepG2 (IC50 =11.93 ± 0.38μM). Compound M-5 has also shown potent tyrosine kinase inhibitory activity with IC50= 1.53 ± 0.05 μM. Moreover, molecular docking has exposed that compound M-5 has strong binding affinity to the active site of tyrosine kinase.These results give promising beginning stages to assist in the improvement of novel and powerful anticancer agents.
5 illus, 5 tables, 23 ref
KUNAM D, SAMPATH V, MANIMARAN S, SEKAR M
006241 KUNAM D, SAMPATH V, MANIMARAN S, SEKAR M (Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Dep, Narayana Dental Coll and Hospital, Nellore- 524 003, Email: kunam.divya@gmail.com) : Effect of indigenously developed nano hydroxyapatite crystals from chicken egg shell on the surface hardness of bleached human enamel: An in vitro study. Contemp Clin Dent 2019, 10(3), 489-93.
The objective was to evaluate the effect of nano‑hydroxyapatite (nHA) derived from chicken eggshell on bleached human enamel in comparison with commercial casein phophopeptide‑amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP‑ACP) paste using Vickers microhardness test. nHA powder was prepared from chicken eggshell using combustion method. nHA slurry was prepared by mixing 1.8 g of nHA powder with 0.3 ml of distilled water. Forty intact maxillary anterior teeth were collected and decoronated, and the crowns were embedded in acrylic mold with the labial enamel surfaces exposed. Baseline microhardness evaluation was done (T0 ). The specimens were randomly divided into the following four groups (n = 10) based on the surface treatment of enamel: Group 1: no bleaching treatment; Group 2: bleaching with 30 % hydrogen peroxide (HP) solution; Group 3: bleaching followed by the application of CPP‑ACP; and Group 4: bleaching followed by the application of nHA. The specimens were stored in artificial saliva at 37 °C for 2 weeks, after which they were subjected to Vickers microhardness test (T14). One‑way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc multiple comparison tests were used for statistical analysis (P < 0.05). Bleaching with HP significantly decreased the enamel microhardness. CPP‑ACP and nHA derived from chicken eggshell increased the enamel microhardness significantly. There was no significant difference in microhardness values among the CPP‑ACP and nHA groups. Nano-hydroxyapatite sourced from chicken eggshell was as effective as CPP-ACP in remineralizing and restoring the lost microhardness of bleached enamel.
1 illus, 1 table, 35 ref
SWETHA D L, VINAY C, ULOOPI K S, ROJARAMYA K S, CHANDRASEKHAR R
006248 SWETHA D L, VINAY C, ULOOPI K S, ROJARAMYA K S, CHANDRASEKHAR R (Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Dep, Vishnu Dental Coll, West Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, Email: roja.ramya86@gmail.com) : Antibacterial and mechanical properties of pit and fissure sealants containing zinc oxide and calcium fluoride nanoparticles. Contemp Clin Dent 2019, 10(3), 477-82.
Pit and fissure sealants (PFSs) are the most effective preventive materials in dentistry. Secondary caries around the sealed pits and fissures at the material–tooth interface and the wear of the material remains the common problems. To address these problems, efforts have been made by incorporating zinc oxide (ZnO) and calcium fluoride (CaF2 ) nanoparticles (NPs) into the sealants to develop caries‑inhibiting and stress‑bearing sealants. Evaluation of antibacterial and mechanical properties of PFS containing ZnO and CaF2 NPs. This was an in vitro study. A total of 196 fissure sealant samples were divided into six test groups and a control group. The test group samples were prepared by incorporating two concentrations (0.5 wt % and 1 wt %) of ZnO and CaF2 NPs into the sealants. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by direct contact test; compressive and flexural strengths were evaluated by a universal testing machine. Statistical analysis was done by one‑way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test. Sealants containing 1 wt % ZnO and CaF2 NPs and their mixture exhibited significantly higher antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus when compared to control group (P < 0.001). Samples with ZnO NPs exhibited similar mechanical properties as conventional sealant (control group); however, the samples with CaF2 NPs showed inferior mechanical properties (P < 0.05). The observations of the study infer that sealants containing 1 wt % ZnO and CaF2 NPs and their mixture exhibited superior antibacterial activity. The mechanical properties of samples containing ZnO and mixture of ZnO and CaF2 particles remained comparable to the conventional sealants
4 tables, 25 ref
SAHU A K, ACHARYA P P, SINHA R, PRADHAN P
006245 SAHU A K, ACHARYA P P, SINHA R, PRADHAN P (Microbiology Dep, Bangalore Univ, Bengaluru, Karnataka, Email: sahuajaykumar355@gmail.com) : Green synthesis, characterization of AgNPs by using Calotropis gigantea leaf extract and analysis of antimicrobial activity against major plant pathogens. Int J Pharm Biol Sci 2019, 9(3), 97-107.
In recent study and well-developed research technology the nanoscience and nanotechnology play a vital role in clinical field such as it is the best way to detect treat and prevents various disease. Researcher identified various type of nanotechnologies with the help of different kind of nanoparticles .Silver nanoparticles is one of the unique nanoparticles which have the optical, electrical, and thermal properties and significant to biological and chemical science its applications include molecular diagnostic in clinical field, in antimicrobial coatings, and wound dressings now the biomedical device have silver nanoparticles provide protection against bacteria by releasing the low level of silver ions. The reactive oxygen species formed on the surface of silver nano particle that includes the cell death of mammalian and microbial cell. Silver nanoparticles have their chemical stability, catalytic activity which prove the silver nanoparticle as an antimicrobial and antifungal effect. Based on these effects, silver nanoparticles hold great potential in preventing wound inflammation and hence promoting wound healing properties. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most vital nonmaterial among which are involved in biomedical applications which plays an important role in nanomedicine specially it has been focused on applications in cancer diagnosis and therapy. In this study we discuss the synthesis of AgNPs using the calotropic Gigantea leaf extract as well as we will see the antimicrobial activity against the plant pathogens which will give us the new aspect of treatment in clinical field.
7 illus, 1 table, 26 ref
MONDAL S, BHOWMICK M, DATTA A
006242 MONDAL S, BHOWMICK M, DATTA A (Pharmaceutics Dep, Bengal Coll of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, West Bengal- 713 212, Email: sirajulmondal1990@gmail.com) : A brief review of bilayer tablet technology: A concept of immediate and sustained drug delivery. Int J Pharm Biol Sci 2019, 9(3), 39-43.
According to the literature review of the design of bilayer tablets are suitable for sequential release of two drug in which one layer is immediate release layer and the second layer is sustained release layer. Bilayer tablets have been development to achieve immediate and sustained delivery of different drugs with pre-defined release profile. Developing a combination of two or more Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) in a single fixed dosage form has increase in the pharmaceutical industry, promoting patients convenience and compliance.
19 ref
SEKAR P V, PARVATHI V D, SUMITHA R
006246 SEKAR P V, PARVATHI V D, SUMITHA R (Biomedical Sciences Dep, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu) : Green nanotechnology in cadmium sulphide nanoparticles and understanding its toxicity and antimicrobial properties. Biomed Res 2019, 30(5), 805-9.
Nano scale materials possess unique properties that are generally not seen in their bulk counterparts. Though chemical and physical methods of nano particle synthesis is widely used, the advantage of biological synthesis have gained popularity owing to their environment affability. Green synthesis of nanoparticles has gained importance in biomedical research owing to its ease of synthesis, better stability of the nanoparticles and cost effectiveness. Cadmium sulphide nanoparticles (CdS) have been extensively studied to have potential applications in the field of biomedical research and imaging studies.In the present study, CdS nanoparticles were synthesized using Bacillus licheniformis as the precursor. The thus synthesized CdS nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and the nano dimension of the particle was confirmed. Four different concentrations of CdS nanoparticles were tested to assess its genotoxicity using Drosophila melanogaster as the in-vivo model. Additionally, the antimicrobial property of CdS was also examined by well diffusion and macro dilution method. The results suggested significant antimicrobial activity and lack of genotoxicity of CdS nanoparticles.
4 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref
DJANTIO P D, TSAMO C, TOPET M R S, MATSINKOU F T, LOURA B B
004957 DJANTIO P D, TSAMO C, TOPET M R S, MATSINKOU F T, LOURA B B (Chemistry Dep, Higher Teachers’ Training Coll Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon, Email: tcornelius73@yahoo.com) : Utilisation of waste from the production of millet derived local drink as adsorbent for phosphate removal from aqueous solution. Indian Chem Eng 2019, 61(3), 309-25.
Excess amount of phosphate can lead to eutrophication of the receiving wastewaters with potential risk to aquatic organisms and human health. The removal of phosphate ions from aqueous solution using waste from the production of millet derived drink was investigated. The material has good adsorbent properties as evident from determination of elemental composition by Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) and surface morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The effects of contact time at two initial concentrations, pH, adsorbent dose and temperature on the adsorption process were studied. Over 99% of phosphate ions are removed in 10 min with pH having minor effect. Langmuir isotherm best fitted the process while the kinetics was well described by pseudosecond order model. The process was physical, endothermic and spontaneous. The tested waste material is very efficient in removing low and high levels of phosphate ions from wastewater compared to other adsorbents.
9 illus, 7 tables, 50 ref
PAWAR J, HENRY R, VISWANATHAN P, PATWARDHAN A, SINGH E A
004972 PAWAR J, HENRY R, VISWANATHAN P, PATWARDHAN A, SINGH E A (Pralhad P. Chhabria Research Center, Maharashtra- 411 057, Email: jayantpawar26@gmail.com) : Testing of antibacterial efficacy of CuO nanoparticles by methylene blue reduction test against Bacillus cereus responsible for food spoilage and poisoning. Indian Chem Eng 2019, 61(3), 248-53.
The synthesis of CuO nanoparticles was carried out by hydro-thermal method in Teflon-lined stainless steel pressure autoclave at 180 °C ± 2 °C for 12 h. The precursor and reducing agent used was 0.2 M copper acetate and 1 M urea, respectively. Characterisation of CuO powder was carried out by UV–Visible Spectroscopy and Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy (STM). The absorption spectrum was found to be at 339 nm and its band gap about 3.65 eV and STM image showed cluster morphology on the surface at 200 nm. The qualitative determination of antibacterial efficacy of CuO NPs against Bacillus cereus was performed by methylene blue reduction test. It was evident that the synthesised CuO NPs showed antibacterial activity against B. cereus. However, quantitative assay and probable antibacterial mechanism of CuO NPs must be further investigated. This paper reveals the potential of CuO NPs in food protection, especially food products getting contaminated by B. cereus.
4 illus, 26 ref
HABSI F S A, DHOLI H M A, AL-MUSALLAMI S T, SHARJI W H A, REDDY S H
004963 HABSI F S A, DHOLI H M A, AL-MUSALLAMI S T, SHARJI W H A, REDDY S H (Applied Science Dep, Higher Coll of Technology, Muscat- 133, Email: hemadrisvu2020@gmail.com) : Green synthesis, characterization and optimization of silver nanoparticles using honey and antimicrobial study with food supplements. Indian J Nat Prod Resour 2019, 10(2), 150-7.
Nanotechnology is an emerging field with a vast role in health, cosmetics and industrial applications worldwide. Nanoparticles of silver varying from 1 to 1000 nm are referred to as silver nanoparticles. In the current study, an attempt has been made for the first time to synthesize silver nanoparticles from two varieties of honey available in sultanate of Oman. The existence of silver nanoparticles was identified by UV visible spectroscopy, which showed a characteristic peak at 450 nm. By varying concentration of silver nitrate, honey, pH and temperature, optimization studies for synthesis of nanoparticles were carried out. These parameters play a vital role not only in synthesizing silver particles, but also help to stabilize the nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), studies were carried out on the nanoparticles to understand their shape, size, structure and optical properties. Antimicrobial studies of silver nanoparticles with honey individually and synergistic effect in combination with food supplements showed significant zone of inhibition against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. These findings revealed that honey-based nanoparticles with food supplements could be used effectively to control common diseases.
6 illus, 1 table, 26 ref
TEKIN H O, ALTUNSOY E E, SINGH V P, KARA U, AKKURT I
004979 TEKIN H O, ALTUNSOY E E, SINGH V P, KARA U, AKKURT I (Uskudar Univ, Istanbul- 346 72, Turkey, Email: huskeyinozan.tekin@uskudar.edu.tr) : A comparatıve study on shielding properties of some composite materials by MCNPX code. Indian J Chem Technol 2019, 26(4), 347-50.
The radiation mass attenuation coefficients of composite material samples as shielding materials have been calculated at 356, 511, 662, 1173, 1274 and 1332 keV photon energies by using general purpose Monte Carlo code MCNPX (version 2.6.0). The obtained numerical results agree well with experimental and standard XCOM data. As a result, the maximum values of mass attenuation coefficients are found for D1 and D2 composite material samples. It can be concluded that, new generation composite materials can be alternative shielding materials against gamma-ray radiation and Monte Carlo method can be employed for similar material investigations as an alternate tool for assessment.
3 illus, 1 table, 16 ref
GUPTA P K, MANDAL S, MAHATO A, MAITY S
004962 GUPTA P K, MANDAL S, MAHATO A, MAITY S (CSIR- Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Dhanbad- 828 108, Jharkhand, Email: sudipmaity@cimfr.nic.in) : Role of Mn on reducibility and acidity of Cu-Zn promoted Co-Fe based bimetallic Fischer–Tropsch (F–T) catalysts. Indian J Chem Technol 2019, 26(4), 337-41.
The effect of Mn is studied on Cu-Zn promoted alumina supported bimetallic (Co-Fe) FT catalyst. The catalysts have been prepared by wet impregnation technique on alumina with the respective metal nitrate solutions. Characterization of the catalysts have been carried out with XRD, H2-TPR, NH3-TPD and BET surface area. The results indicate that small addition of Mn enhances reducibility and minimizes the acidity of catalysts. This study will help to understand the contribution Mn for the development of efficient catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
5 illus, 4 tables, 21 ref
GHOSH A, BISWAS H S, DEBNATH S, SASIKUMAR P, BISWAS K, GHOSH U C
004961 GHOSH A, BISWAS H S, DEBNATH S, SASIKUMAR P, BISWAS K, GHOSH U C (Chemistry Dep, Presidency Univ, Kolkata- 700 073, Email: ucghosh@yahoo.co.in) : Adsorption behaviour of bromophenol blue from the aqueous solution on Labeo bata fish scale, a bio-waste material. Indian J Chem Technol 2019, 26(4), 321-9.
The processed protein-rich scales of Labeo bata fish have been characterized as cycloid pattern from the scanning electron and atomic force microscopic images. The scales when used for the bromophenol blue (BPB) adsorption from aqueous phases show the good BPB removal performance at pH 4.8 (± 0.1). The kinetic data acquired at that pH fits well both with the pseudo-second order and the Weber-Morris kinetic equations. Arrhenius activation energy (Ea = 4.20 kJ. mol-1) as well as temperature dependent kinetic parameter (A = 75.56 g. mg-1. min-1) which are estimated indicate the facile BPB adsorption. The data of adsorption equilibriums describe the Freundlich model very well. Thermodynamics shows that the BPB adsorption by the fish scale is spontaneous (∆G0 = negative, ∆H0 = -21.49 kJ. mol-1 and ∆S0 = + 27.75 J.mol-1.K-1). The BPB adsorption by the tested fish scale has taken place with electrostatic mechanism.
7 illus, 3 tables, 31 ref
SINGH A P, PARAMANIK H
004976 SINGH A P, PARAMANIK H (Chemical Engineering & Technology Dep, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, Email: hpramanik.che@itbhu.com) : Solvothermal synthesis of Pt-Co/C cathode electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in low temperature fuel cells. Indian J Chem Technol 2019, 26(4), 312-20.
Primarily, oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics at fuel cell cathode is slower on pure platinum due to its low activity in acidic medium. Owing to the excellent electrocatalytic property of Pt-Co/C nanoparticles for the oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) in fuel cell cathodes, a cubical phase face-centered cubic (FCC) Pt-Co/C electrocatalyst has been synthesized via solvothermal method using water as solvent. Various characterization techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) have been carried out for determining the crystallinity, surface morphology, particles size and elemental composition of Pt-Co/C electrocatalyst alloy, respectively. The XRD, EDX and TEM confirm the presence of well faceted FCC Pt-Co/C electrocatalyst with uniform distribution of these nano-size particles with atomic ratio of 3:1. The electrocatalytic activity of synthesized Pt-Co/C electrocatalyst for ORR was investigated by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) test in acidic medium using HClO4. Further, as CV stop crossing is increased, the activity of Pt-Co/C electrocatalyst increases due to less activation polarization with appreciable shifting of Pt-Co/C oxygen reduction peak potential towards more positive scale confirming better electrocatalytic property of the synthesized Pt-Co/C electrocatalyst for ORR.
8 illus, 33 ref
NAINAMALAI M, PALANI M, ALLWIN EBINESAR J S S, BHUVNESHWARI S
004969 NAINAMALAI M, PALANI M, ALLWIN EBINESAR J S S, BHUVNESHWARI S (Chemical Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kohzikode- 673601, Kerala, Email: sbuvana@nitc.ac.in) : Decolorization of anionic and cationic dyes by electro-adsorption process using activated carbon electrodes. Indian J Chem Technol 2019, 26(4), 300-11.
The performance of the Coconut shell (CS) and Bael shell (BS) activated carbon electrodes on removal of Methylene blue (MB) and Eosin-Y (EY) dyes have been carried out by electro-adsorption process. Modification of electrodes is done to enhance the decolourization performances. The colour removal capability of the electrodes are evaluated by varying the process parameters such as time (15-150 min), potential (5- 45 V) and initial dye concentration as (25-200 mg/L) in batch mode. The adsorption isotherm is determined by Langmuir, Freundlich and Jovanic-Isotherms models. The kinetic data are evaluated by using Pseudo-first and Pseudo-second order model and the rate of diffusion is determined by Intra-particle diffusion model. The electrochemical studies are carried out by cyclic voltammetry and Tafel plots. The experimental results depict that the adsorption isotherm follow the Langmuir isotherm model with the correlation co-efficient, R2 = 0.99 for CS activated carbon electrode system, whereas the BS activated carbon electrode system strongly adhere to Freundlich Isotherm models. In addition, the rate kinetics follow Pseudo-first order kinetic model with R2 = 0.99 for all the studies. The surface changes, elemental interaction, porosity, functional groups involved in electro-adsorption process and thermal stability are analysed for raw and modified form of electrodes using SEM, EDS, BET, FTIR and TGA respectively.
10 illus, 4 tables, 37 ref
KUMARI A, ANIYA V, KUMAR B N P, THELLA P K, SATYAVATHI B
004964 KUMARI A, ANIYA V, KUMAR B N P, THELLA P K, SATYAVATHI B (Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad- 500 007, Telangana, Email: drsatyavathib@gmail.com) : Parametric optimization and rate laws determination for the conversion of 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid to methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate. Indian J Chem Technol 2019, 26(4), 289-99.
The esterification of 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid has been studied to produce methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate, having its widespread applications in the pharmaceuticals, perfumes, flavor, cosmetics, and fragrance industries. The limiting nature of the reaction is catalyzed with methane sulphonic acid, a green catalyst. The study focused on optimization of the experimental parameters to achieve higher conversion of acid with the aid of statistical analysis based on the Taguchi technique. An L9 array, S/N ratios, and ANOVA have been used with catalyst concentration, molar ratio and time as the process parameters with acid conversion as the response variable. Parametric optimization based on Taguchi method suggest a combination of optimal parameters as 10% catalyst concentration, 5:1 methanol to acid molar ratio and 2 h at a refluxing temperature of 67°C. A kinetic investigation for the esterification is also conducted to define the rate equations that govern the overall progress of reaction and the results established that the reaction follows irreversible pseudo second order rate in the initial phase followed by the reversible second order rate. The proposed model is found to be in good agreement with the experimental results.
8 illus, 5 tables, 31 ref
KUMARI S A, BABU B K, SATYANARAYANA C C, PADMA M, LATHA B S
004965 KUMARI S A, BABU B K, SATYANARAYANA C C, PADMA M, LATHA B S (Engineering Chemistry Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam- 530 003, Email: jacobkishore@gmail.com) : Metallopharmaceuticals: Synthesis, characterization and bio-active studies. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2019, 56(4), 325-9.
Riboflavin can be described as a biological chelating ligand due to the existence of nitrogen and oxygen atoms on its structure that can act as coordinating sites for metal ion on chelation. Co (II) with Riboflavin have been synthesized and characterized by IR, LC-MS, UV, TG-DTA confirms the coordination of ligand. Complex is screened for Anti-microbial activity and Cytotoxicity.
4 illus, 3 tables, 38 ref
PAMBUK C I A, MUHAMMAD F M
004970 PAMBUK C I A, MUHAMMAD F M (Tikrit Univ, Tikrit, Iraq, Email: dr.chatin2@yahoo.com) : Nanoparticles in medicine: Applications and hope. Biosci Biotech Res Asia 2019, 16(3), 565-8.
Medical applications in nanotechnology are the most important applications and the most promising ever. Scientists in the nanotechnology field are innovating new techniques and instruments measured in nanometer scale. Nanotechnology has contributed in recent years to the development of the smart device industry, mechanical engineering and bioengineering. Medical specialists count on nanotechnology to make nanomachines or nanorobots that can compensate for the traditional ways of preventing, diagnosing and treating the spread of diseases by injecting or swallowing tiny blood robots to perform complex tasks within the human body, such as delivering drugs to specific organs Imaging of cells or treatment of blood clots, tumors and surgery on nanometers.The aim of this descriptive minireview, generally, is to shed light on the main Applications of Nanoparticles in Medicine.
18 ref
SANTHOSKUMAR A U, VAISHNAVI R, KARUNAKARAN T, CHITRA N J
004974 SANTHOSKUMAR A U, VAISHNAVI R, KARUNAKARAN T, CHITRA N J (Dr. MGR Educational Research Institute Univ, Chennai- 95, Tamil Nadu, Email: santhosannauniv@gmail.com) : Studies on mechanical properties and biodegradation of edible food wrapper from banana peel. Asian J Adv Basic Sci 2019, 7(2), 1-4.
Edible Packaging are the most useful alternative for Secondary product packaging, reduces waste, easy disposal and to create novel applications for stability, quality, safety, variety, healthy and convenience of customers. Banana Peels are more nutritional rich than the flesh. The initial sections of this report begin with the history of plastics food packaging and edible wrappers followed by the whole banana powder producing process includes the steps, to obtain whole banana peel powder. The Powder is further processed to film formation. It will be used for edible packaging application Tea pack, Biscuit pack etc.
22 ref
TALIB W H, AL-NOAIMI M, ALSULTAN E S, BADER R, QNAIS E
004978 TALIB W H, AL-NOAIMI M, ALSULTAN E S, BADER R, QNAIS E (Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics Dep, Applied Science Private Univ, Amman- 11931, Email: w_talib@asu. edu.jo) : A new acetylacetone derivative inhibits breast cancer by apoptosis induction and angiogenesis inhibition. J Cancer Res Ther 2019, 15(5), 1141-6.
Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide. High mortality rates were reported among breast cancer patients which makes the development of new anticancer agents targeting breast cancer a priority. The synthesis of the compounds incorporating– N=N– group is an important field of research that may lead to the discovery of new anticancer drug. In this work, we report the synthesis of a compound has O and N centers with the incorporation of the arylazo group (4-BrC6H4–N=N–) into acetylacetone to synthesize 3-(4-Bromo phenylazo)-2,4-pentanedione. Physical characteristics of the newly synthesized compound were determined by measuring electronic absorption spectra, nuclear magnetic resonances, and the infrared absorption spectrum. The inhibitory effect of the compound against breast cancer cell lines was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Its effect on angiogenesis was evaluated by measuring vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in treated cells. The ability of the compound to induce apoptosis in cancer cells was tested by measuring caspase-3 activity, and its capacity to stimulate the immune system was evaluated by measuring the levels of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-10 cytokines in treated lymphocytes. Significant antiproliferative activity against breast cancer cell lines was observed in treated cells. Low levels of VEGF and high caspase-3 activity were observed in treated cells. Levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4 were increased after treating lymphocytes with this compound. 3-(4-Bromo phenylazo)-2,4-pentanedione is a promising anticancer agent that can inhibit breast cancer cells through apoptosis induction and angiogenesis inhibition. Further testing is needed to clearly determine the molecular mechanisms of the anticancer effect of this compound.
7 illus, 1 table, 30 ref
EHIGIE A F, ADELEKE G E, OLADIRAN W A, EHIGIE O L
004958 EHIGIE A F, ADELEKE G E, OLADIRAN W A, EHIGIE O L (Biochemistry Dep, Ladoke Akintola Univ of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria, Email: lehigie@lautech.edu.ng) : Screening for rhodanese producing bacterium in freshly pressed Cassava effluents of a Cassava processing industry channeled to Odo-Oba Stream in Ogbomoso-Nigeria. J Appl Nat Sci 2019, 11(3), 650-6.
Rhodanese is a key enzyme that plays an important role in cyanide detoxification.The enzyme was extracted, purified and physico-chemically characterised from Bacillus li-cheniformis which demonstrated the highest efficacy compared to the seven isolates of bacteria of the cassava processing industry effluent morpholologically and biochemically characterised. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and values were considered significant at p<0.05. This study showed that the optimum growth temperature was 35 0C at a pH 9.0. The highest duration time for the synthesis of rhodanese was at 40 hours. Potassium cyanide (KCN) and casein were the best carbon and nitrogen sources. The enzyme has a specific activity of 10.99 RU/mg, with a purification fold of 4.38, a percentage yield of 15.96 %. The apparent Km for KCN and Sodium thiosulphate (Na2S2O3) were determined to be 30.24 mM and 24.93 mM respectively while their Vmax were 5.40 RU /ml/min and 5.07 RU /ml/min respectively. The optimum pH and temperature were 8.0 and 50 0C respectively. The enzyme showed a high stability at 50 0C. The enzyme showed specificity at 6.78 RU/ml/min for Na2S2O3 while it was inhibited by other sulphur containing substrates namely 2-mercaptoethanol, ammonium persulphate, and sodium metabisulphite The enzyme activity was not inhibited by metal ions such as (K+, Mg2+, Ba2+,Ni2+, Sn2+ and Na+) at 1 mM and 10 mM and was not significant (p>0.05). Therefore, B. licheniformishave the potentials of reducing cyanide pollution thereby enhancing effective management of cassava mill effluent before eventual discharge into the environment and this may be developed into a more effective tool for bioremediation.
12 illus, 6 tables, 39 ref
POORNIMA D S, HANUMANTHARAJU K N, SHANKAR V S, KUMAR K S, RAMYA H N
004973 POORNIMA D S, HANUMANTHARAJU K N, SHANKAR V S, KUMAR K S, RAMYA H N (Food Process Engineering Dep, Agricultural Engineering Coll, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) : Influence of moisture content and temperature on mechanical extraction of oil from watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seeds. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(4), 275-9.
Watermelon fruit contains large quantities of seeds and the seed oil has got many benefits. The oil content of seeds was estimated using Soxtherm apparatus and found to contain 22 % of oil in it. The oil from seeds was extracted using mechanical screw press. To optimize the effect of temperature and moisture content on oil recovery completely randomized factorial design of experiments was employed. The oil was extracted at five different temperatures viz, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 ºC and moisture contents viz, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 % combinations. The best combination for maximum oil recovery was observed to be at 50 ºC temperature and 10 % moisture content. The extracted oil was evaluated for acid, iodine, saponification, free fatty acid, specific gravity, density and viscosity values. The determined values were 10.20 mgKOH/g, 154 gI2/100 g, 190.80 mg/g, 5.32 mg KOH/g, 0.94, 1.39 g/cm3 and 1.14 mm2 /sec, respectively.
1 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref
FREEDA BLESSIE R, VARADHARAJU N, JOHN KENNEDY Z, GANAPATHY S, SHRIDAR B
004960 FREEDA BLESSIE R, VARADHARAJU N, JOHN KENNEDY Z, GANAPATHY S, SHRIDAR B (Food Process Engineering Dep, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) : Effect of non-thermal plasma treatment on carrot slices. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(4), 80-3.
β-elemene and cisplatin combined chemotherapy currently is one of the most important settings available for lung cancer therapy in China. However, the clinical outcome is limited by their pharmacokinetic drawbacks. On the other hand, most of nanomedicines have failed in clinical development due to the huge differences between heterogeneous clinical tumor tissues and homogenous cell-derived xenografts. In this work, we fabricated a β-elemene and cisplatin co-loaded liposomal system to effectively treat lung cancer. In vitro cytotoxicity of co-loaded liposomes was studied by MTT, trypan and Hoechst/PI staining, and western blot in A549, A549/DDP, and LCC cells. In vivo antitumor efficacy was evaluated in cell-derived and clinically relevant patient-derived xenografts. Co-loaded liposomes were more cytotoxic to cancer cells, especially than the combination of single-loaded liposomes, benefiting from their simultaneous drug internalization and release. As a result, they exhibited desirable therapeutic outcome in both cell-derived and patient-derived xenografts.β-elemene and cisplatin co-loaded liposomes are a clinically promising candidate for effective lung cancer therapy.
3 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref
AL-SEHEMI A G, AL-GHAMDI A, DISHOVSKY N T, MALINOVA P A, ATANASOV N T, ATANASOVA G L
004953 AL-SEHEMI A G, AL-GHAMDI A, DISHOVSKY N T, MALINOVA P A, ATANASOV N T, ATANASOVA G L (Polymer Engineering Dep, Chemical Technology and Metallurgy Univ, Sofia- 1756, Bulgaria, Email: dishov@uctm.edu) : Electrical, mechanical and dynamic properties of ternary composites from acrylonitrile butadiene rubber and conductive fillers. Bull Mater Sci 2019, 42(4), 189.
This paper presents comparative investigations on dual and ternary composites based on nitrile butadiene rubber. These composites were filled with carbon black and nickel powder at various ratios with each filler or with a combination of both. The focus of this study is on the electrical, mechanical and dynamic properties of the materials as influenced by the loading rate, applied pressure and bending degree have on the specific volume electrical resistivity. The investigations of the dynamic properties view the effect that the amount and chemical nature of the fillers have on the storage modulus and the tangent of the mechanical loss angle. It has been established that the specific characteristics of each of the fillers (particle size, specific surface, tendency to aggregate and agglomerate, interaction with the elastomeric matrix) have the greatest impact on composite properties. Scanning electron microscopy studies of the fillers and composites also confirm the results obtained.
10 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref
ALBAYATI S A R, KASHANIAN S, NAZARI M, REZAEI S
004954 ALBAYATI S A R, KASHANIAN S, NAZARI M, REZAEI S (Razi Univ, Kermanshah 67149, Iran, Email: kashanian_s@yahoo.com) : Novel fabrication of a laccase biosensor to detect phenolic compounds using a carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotube on the electropolymerized support. Bull Mater Sci 2019, 42(4), 187.
Biosensors research is one of the fastest growing fields in which tens of thousands of papers have been published over the years; even more, numerous biosensors have been developed for the detection of phenolic compounds, such as catechol which reacts with an appropriate enzymatic bioreceptor like laccase. A biosensing electrode for catechol detection was investigated by covalent immobilization of laccase on a glassy carbon electrode modified by conducting polymers built of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), gold nanoparticles and carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The fabrication process of the sensing surface was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical procedures. The electrochemical results demonstrate that the enzyme was immobilized covalently onto the modified glassy carbon electrode by the interaction between carboxyl groups of the carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes and laccase. The biosensor demonstrates a direct electron transfer between the electrode and immobilized laccase. Under optimum conditions, it presented two linear responses in the range of 0.1–0.5 and 11.99–94.11 μM. The limits of detection were found to be 0.11 and 12.26 μM.
6 illus, 4 tables, 54 ref
LI P, DUAN H Y, LIU Y F, CHI W D, HUANG Q G
004967 LI P, DUAN H Y, LIU Y F, CHI W D, HUANG Q G (Beijing Univ of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China, Email: liuyunfang@mail.buct.edu.cn) : Multi-walled carbon nanotubes as secondary fibre fillers for property improvement of short carbon fibre-reinforced silicone rubber. Bull Mater Sci 2019, 42(4), 177.
To improve the properties of room temperature vulcanized (RTV) silicone rubber, functional multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and short carbon fibres were added into the RTV silicone rubber as hybrid fibre fillers. The functionalized MWCNTs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The mechanical, thermal and ablative properties of the fabricated RTV silicone rubber composites were investigated. Their properties were enhanced by adding the functionalized MWCNTs with appropriate contents. The tensile strength and tear strength of the composites are improved from 4.0 MPa and 20.3 kN m−1 to 4.3 MPa and 21.3 kN m−1, respectively, when the MWCNT content increased from 0 to 0.5 phr. In addition, the decomposition temperatures at the onset point and 50 % mass loss increased from 493.4 and 564.4◦C to 498.8 and 612.4◦C, respectively. The mass and line ablation rates also decreased from 0.062 g s−1 and 0.148 mm s−1 to 0.059 g s−1 and 0.145 mm s−1, respectively.
6 illus, 4 tables, 33 ref
WU W, CONG S
004980 WU W, CONG S (Qiqihar Univ, Qiqihar 161006, People’s Republic of China, Email: wuweili2001@163.com) : Silica- and diatomite-modified fluorine rubber nanocomposites. Bull Mater Sci 2019, 42(4), 176.
To find the most suitable filler system for fluorine rubber, a simple and green method to introduce a limited content of silanol groups on the surfaces of silica and fluorine rubber was studied. Fluorine rubber nano-composites were prepared by using nano-silica, diatomite and carbon black as the reinforcement and filler and the coupling agents KH550, KH590 or Si69 as the compatibilizer between the filler and fluorine rubber. The structure and morphology of the composites were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the most suitable filler system for fluorine rubber was the diatomite and silica compound (8:12 mass ratio), the best coupling agent was KH550 at 2 parts per hundred rubber (phr). The modified compound filler was silanized with the coupling agent KH550 for fluorine rubber by FTIR analysis, the compatibility between the filler and fluorine rubber was improved by SEM analysis and further confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis to improve the thermal properties of fluorine rubber with the filler compound system.
7 illus, 1 table, 12 ref
LI Z, HUANG F, YAN A, PENG B, DONG H, HU M, LI Q
004968 LI Z, HUANG F, YAN A, PENG B, DONG H, HU M, LI Q (China Univ of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, People’s Republic of China, Email: huangfei7804@163.com) : Al-doped Nb3O7F nanosheets: Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic performance under visible light irradiation. Bull Mater Sci 2019, 42(4), 156.
Doping can result in energy band rearrangement, high carrier concentration and fast carrier separation in semiconductor materials. Consequently, great enhancement in the photocatalytic performance can be achieved. In this work, Al3+-doped niobium oxyfluoride (Nb3O7F) was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal approach for the first time. A series of characterization tools were used to investigate the phase, composition, microstructure, chemical state, spectrum response and band gap. The influence of Al doping on the photocatalytic performance was also investigated by varying the molar ratios of Al/Nb. The results confirmed that Al atoms have been successfully incorporated into the Nb3O7F lattice. Al doping led to slightly lowering of the band gap of Nb3O7F from 3.08 to 2.99 eV. Moreover, Nb3O7F with 0.06 mol % Al doping exhibited the highest degradation efficiency for methyl blue under visible light irradiation. Crystal defects generated by appropriate Al-doping increased the specific surface area and the optimized band gap could be responsible for the improved photocatalytic activity.
9 illus, 28 ref
YAZDI M E T, AMIRI M S, HOSSEINI H A, OSKUEE R K, MOSAWEE H, PAKRAVANAN K, DARROUDI M
004981 YAZDI M E T, AMIRI M S, HOSSEINI H A, OSKUEE R K, MOSAWEE H, PAKRAVANAN K, DARROUDI M (Modern Sciences and Technologies Dep, Mashhad Univ of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Email: darroudim@mums.ac.ir) : Plant-based synthesis of silver nanoparticles in Handelia trichophylla and their biological activities. Bull Mater Sci 2019, 42(4), 155.
In this research, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared via a ‘green’ procedure using an aqueous extract of Handelia trichophylla. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by its light brown colour. The AgNPs were formed in silver nitrate (1 mM) via a bioreduction process in spherically shaped NPs with a mean diameter in the range of 20–50 nm. Moreover, the green synthesized AgNPs seemed to demonstrate a higher antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria. In addition, the in vitro cytotoxicity effect of biosynthesized AgNPs was also investigated, which was detected to be up to 15.62 μg ml−1 in the treated Neuro2A cells. Low toxicity and high antibacterial activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles can be utilized in different biological, biomedical and industrial applications.
8 illus, 1 table, 45 ref
SRITHAR S, RAO S S
004977 SRITHAR S, RAO S S (Chemistry Dep, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Pallavaram, Chennai - 600 117, Email: sanuchem87@gmail.com) : Capsicum-extract blended chitosan composite films and studying their antibacterial properties. Bull Mater Sci 2019, 42(4), 149.
Capsicum extract at different concentrations (0.5–3.0 ml) was blended with a chitosan polymer to obtain the composite films. It was compared with the pristine film to examine their antioxidant, mechanical, barrier, biodegradability, stability and antimicrobial properties. The morphology of the films was studied using a scanning electron microscope. From the obtained results, it was observed that the antioxidant, mechanical, biodegradability, stability and antimicrobial properties were enhanced when compared to the other films. The barrier properties of the composite films showed a decrease in activity when compared to the pure chitosan film. It may be due to the incorporation of a capsicum extract agent into the chitosan polymer matrix which plays a vital role in enhancing the overall properties.
2 illus, 1 table, 16 ref