043811   INBATHAMIZH L, APARNA K, HARINI A S (Biotechnology Dep, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai - 600 119, Tamil Nadu, Email: inbathamizh.l@gmail.com) : Indoor medicinal plants: Beneficial biocatalysts for air filtration and bioremediation – A review. Int J Green Pharm 2020, 14(2), 130-7.

The development of technology enhances the need for eco-friendly measures to improve the quality of life. Plants are the natural bioreactors that have to be explored for their resourceful applications. Some of the significant indoor medicinal plants with high environmental values are Areca palm, Aloe vera, English ivy, Spider plant, and Bamboo palm. These indoor plants through their natural mechanisms possess a unique property of air filtration. They filter out air pollutants such as benzene, xylene, toluene, formaldehyde, and other chemicals that produce deleterious effects, especially in children, pregnant women, and aged people. They further degrade waste and reduce pollution through bioremediation. These plants also possess bioactive phytocomponents that enable them to be utilized widely for therapeutic, commercial, and industrial purposes. This review describes these five plants as natural air purifiers, along with their medicinal values and other benefits, emphasizing their significant biocatalytic role in bringing forth a clean and healthy environment.

1 illus, 105 ref

041359   VADODARIA K, SURESHRAM T, SANTHINI E, KULKARANI A (Textile Design Dep, National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad - 380 007, Email: ketan_v@nid.edu) : Design and fabrication of an instrument to evaluate characteristics of fluid handling capacity of wound care dressings. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2020, 45(2), 169-76.

A novel instrument has been developed to determine the fluid handling capacity of different types of wound dressings, irrespective of their structure and composition. The instrument is developed with custom built wound bed/plate with specially designed path to control the amount and flow rate of wound exudates, simulating the actual wound alike conditions. The instrument has provision to apply compression / pressure over wound dressing while testing to similar realtime compression / pressure applied on wound dressing. The study was carried out using different types of commercially available wound dressings. It is found that the developed instrument is able to test different types of dressings effectively for fluid handling capacity. The results obtained by new instrument are found comparable with the existing methods. The existing methods give only single value of fluid handling capacity at the defined hour as compared to the new instrument which gives online continuous results from zero to 48 h. This real time data may be useful for defining the effectiveness of dressings at a particular time interval. The data obtained from the instrument can also be used to know the saturation point and change with time for a particular dressing. The repeatability of results are also proven. Also the instrument is able to test fluid handling capacity of dressings with and without pressure.

6 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

040194   GUPTA C, NEMA S, SAPRE S, TANTWAI K (Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, M.P, Email: chinmaygupta95@gmail.com) : Studies on induction of somaclonal variation in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and validation of mutant using molecular markers. Int J Agric Envir Biotechnol 2020, 13(1), 105-10.

Sugarcane is a perennial grass of the family Poaceae, primarily cultivated for its juice from which sugar is processed. Sugarcane yields are declining due to varietal degeneration and susceptibility to biotic and abiotic stresses. Smut of sugarcane is one of them, the disease can cause significant losses in cane tonnage and juice quality. As development of superior sugarcane varieties through conventional hybridization program is time consuming and has the problem of transfer of undesirable characters/traits into the newly developed hybrids/variety. In this connection, attempts were made to introduce genetic variability in sugarcane by in vitro culture techniques and mutation breeding. Induction of somaclonal variation is one of them which is described as the genetic variability present among cultured cells, plants derived from such cells or progeny of such plants. The treatment, MS medium supplemented with 3 mgl^-1 2,4-D found most suitable for callus induction and multiplication. The callus on application of EMS become pinkish brown in colour, shoot regeneration from callus cells was high in MS medium supplemented with 3 mgl^-1 BAP gave dark gray or brown and sticky callus. Molecular analysis of somaclonal mutants showed by primers polymorphism of DNA bands on validating with molecular markers viz. RAPD and ISSR markers gave 100 per cent polymorphism by two RAPD primers named OPA-01 and OPA-02 showed that out of 17 DNA samples of mutants considered, all were showing variations but one DNA sample was showing similarity with mother plant. The present investigation reports the study induction of somaclonal variation in Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and validation of mutant using molecular markers in variety Co261.

6 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

039530   GEDAM N K, THAKUR R (Electronic Communication Dep, NIST, Bhopal, Email: nrsh.gdm@gmail.com) : A review paper on improved performance of static random access memory based on low power consumption. Curr Trends Tech Sci 2020, 11(2), 937-41.

The need for low power integrated circuits is well known because of their extensive use in the portable electronic equipments. On-chip SRAMs (Static Random Access Memory) determine the power dissipation of SoCs (System on Chips) in addition to its speed of operation. Hence it is essential to have energy-efficient SRAMs—Static Random Access Memories (SRAMs) which focuses on optimizing delay and power. Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) continues to be a critical component across a wide range of microelectronics applications from consumer wireless to high-performance processors, multimedia and System on Chip (SoC) applications, the leakage power of Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) is becoming one of the most critical concerns for low power applications and CMOS SRAM cell consumes very less energy and have less read and write time. In a review on 6T SRAM cell, 9T SRAM cell, 10T SRAM cell configurations are compared to our proposed SRAM circuit based on low power consumption. This learning paper plans to provide an Energy Efficient Low Power SRAM Cell, and here various techniques and approaches are discussed to achieve better performance.

7 illus, 13 ref

028666   TRIPATHI S K, MISHRA O P, BHARDWAJ N K (Avantha Centre for Industrial Research & Development, Yamuna Nagar - 135 001, Haryana, Email: sandeep@avantharesearch.org) : Effect of mixed hardwood chips thickness on unbleached and bleached pulp quality. J Sci Ind Res 2018, 77(9), 516-9.

This paper describes the effect of chips thickness on pulping process and unbleached and bleached pulp quality including pulp yield. Mill chipped mixed hardwood chips were manually classified based on their thickness in three segments thinner chips, intermediate chips and thicker chips with an average thickness of 3.5 mm, 5.0 mm and 7.0 mm, respectively. The response of these manually classified chips during kraft pulping and subsequent ECF bleaching was compared with that of mixed control chips. Thinner chips required less cooking chemical as well as time compared to control and thicker chips to get unbleached pulp having similar kappa number. Reject content of the unbleached pulp was in the order thinner chips (0.1 %) < intermediate chips (1.1 %), < control chips (1.7 %) < thicker chips (2.6 %). Screened pulp yield of 49.2 % was the highest for intermediate chips (followed by 48.8 % for thinner chips and 46.8 % for thicker chips. Results showed that higher kappa pulp can also be produced with less reject content from thinner chips. Bleached pulp of superior viscosity and physical strength properties was produced from intermediate chips compared to thicker and control chips.

3 illus, 3 tables, 8 ref

022247   Rahim A H M A (NO, , ) : Self-tuning adaptive control for rotor voltage of doubly fed induction generator in wind farms. J Control Instrumn 2017, 8(1), 17-29.

The dynamic performance of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) in the wind farms can be enhanced through appropriate converter controls. This article presents a self-tuning control strategy for a DFIG rotor voltage which employs pole-shift technique in the discrete system model. From a large number of simulation studies involving various types of disturbances covering a range of operating conditions, it was observed that the online adaptive model based control was able to ride through extreme low voltage conditions at the grid bus. The robustness of the proposed control was evaluated through a PI controller, parameters of which were determined by pole-placement technique. The proposed control strategy showed superior performance over a range of operating conditions. Recovery to normal system operation was smooth and fast.

003142   Jakkeral S A;Nadaf H L;Dharwad N (Genetics and plant breeding Dep, Agricultural sciences Univ, Dharwad) : Association of components of rust (Puccinia arachidis speg.) resistance in recombinant lines of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea). Bioinfolet 2013, 10(4C), 1455-7.

Groundnut rust, caused by Puccinia arachidis Speg. is a serious problem worldwide. Resistance to rust is due to longer incubation, fewer pustules per leaf area, low sporulation index, lesser leaf area damage and disease score. Except incubation period, number of pustules per leaf area, sporulation index, per cent leaf area damage and ruptured pustules were significantly correlated with each other and with mean rust score. Incubation period was negatively correlated with all other components and with mean rust scores in both cross in both genotypic and phenotypic correlation.

6 ref

013704   Datta S;Sinha M;Das D;Ghosh S;Dhar P (Chemical Technology Dep, College of Science and Technology Univ, Calcutta Univ, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, Email: pubalighoshdhar@yahoo.co.in) : Protective effect of secondary plant metabolites from Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. against carbofuran induced damages. Indian J expl Biol 2013, 51(12), 1109-19.

Plausible interactions between food contaminants and natural constituents in vivo and protective effect of polyphenols present in I. aquatica against carbofuran toxicity in Charles Foster rats were evaluated. Determinations based on antioxidant enzyme activities showed significant alterations in glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase in tissues (liver

6 illus, 1 table, 67 ref

008313   Sonmez S (Printing Education Dep, Faculty of Technical Education, Marmara Univ, Goztepe-34722, Istanbul, Turkey, Email: ssonmez@marmara.edu.tr) : Interactive effects of copolymers and nano-sized pigments on coated recycled paperboards in flexographic print applications. Asian J Chem 2011, 23(6), 2609-13.

The object of this study is to show the effects of two different copolymers with coating pigments on flexography. For this purpose, recycled base paperboard was coated with four coating formulations that contain nano-sized clay and ground calcium carbonate using styrene/n-butyl acrylate and acrylic/vinyl acetate copolymers. As a reference, conventional clay and ground calcium carbonate pigments with the same copolymers were also applied. Optical and physical properties of coated recycled paperboards were compared. The coated samples were then printed with a water based flexographic ink using a laboratory K-proofer press. Printability properties were then measured and compared. It was found that the use of styrene/n-butyl acrylate copo

6 illus, 5 tables, 17 ref

008312   Ozcan A;Oktav M (Printing Dep, Faculty of Technical Education Marmara Univ, 34722 G”ztepe, Istanbul, Turkey, Email: arifozcan@marmara.edu.tr) : Comparison of brightness and colour characteristics of mineral and vegetable oil-based offset printing ink. Asian J Chem 2011, 23(6), 2685-7.

Offset printing is a commonly used printing technique where the inked image is transferred from a printing plate to a rubber blanket, then to the printing surface. The inks used in the offset process are made basically of a mixture of resins, vegetable or mineral oils, pigments and solvents. The use of vegetable oil in the offset printing inks is gradually increasing each day, in terms of protecting environment and human health and print quality results. However, vegetable-based inks give good results in terms of print quality. The brightness of the inks printed on paper or cardboard by offset printing are among the basic criterias of the quality. Gloss can also be a measure of the quality of a surface. The maximum colour tone of the CMYK process inks that could be depicted on colour picture printing is also among the basic quality criterias. In the study, mineral oil-based and vegetable oil-based inks were prepared specifically for the offset printing. Printing plates were prepared by being exposed with picture of ISO300 standard, specifically-prepared scale and CtP (computer to plate). Test printings were performed on two types of papers, matt and glossy-coated, which are frequently used in the production of printed goods in offset printing with mineral and vegetable oil-based inks with the help of a computercontrolled machine. In the process of printing, the printing was made with standardized parameters by measuring the values of L*a*b* by means of spectrophotometer. As a result of the measurements performed on the printed surface by glossmeter, it was determined that vegetable-based ink is more glossy than the mineral-based ink and that the only colour gamut it can simulate is broader.

2 illus, 6 tables, 15 ref

008311   Ozcan A (Printing Dep, Faculty of Technical Education Marmara Univ, 34722 G”ztepe, Istanbul, Turkey, Email: arifozcan@marmara.edu.tr) : Analyzing the effect of paper's porosity on trapping and colour value. Asian J Chem 2011, 23(6), 2755-8.

The acceptance ratio of the second colour printed over the first colour, which is printed on the materials like paper or paperboard is called as trapping. The inks printed on papers having uncoated porous surface dry physically by themselves being absorbed by the celluloses being in the structure of the paper. Knowledge of the absorption behaviour of liquids into porous media has great importance in many application fields. During the physical drying process, formation of the ink on paper having uncoated porous surface occurs substantially due to ink-paper interaction. In that case uncoated so rough paper surface is because of the drying mechanism. The best example for this is the newspaper press. The inks are printed over each other in micro seconds time difference at the moment of CMYK process print. Drying of these inks completely printed on papers having rough surfaces sometimes takes a few days. During that drying process, ink colour changes can occur because of the behaviour of the paper's unstable porosity structure and the acceptance ratio of the inks printed over each other (trapping). These colour changes cause time, labour and financial losses. Solid tone inks printed over each other have standard trapping ratios. There are a few factors affecting the trapping ratios. However, the most important factor is the porosity of the paper. In the study, it is aimed to determine the effect of the paper's porosity on trapping ratios and colour value. This determination is practically done with the test print. Three types of paper having nonporous covered surface, less porous uncoated surface and fungous surface are chosen. Solid tone test prints are made on these papers over and over with physical drying process print inks and IGT C1 test print machine by following actuation instructions and 12647-2 printing standard. L*a*b* and trapping values of cyan and magenta colours printed on successively are measured with Gretag Macbeth spectrofotometer via the test prints. Trapping and colour deviations arising from the porosity of paper are determined comparing to the standards.

2 illus, 5 tables, 14 ref

001050   Prabhjot Kaur;Joseph R (Extension Education Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana, Punjab) : Dying art of Punjabi jutti in Patiala. Asian J Home Sci 2010, 5(1), 170-5.

Patiala, the cultural window of Punjab has gorgeous works to offer in the form of ostentations-Phulkari and colorful ornamented Punjabi Jutti. This study is an attempt to find out the present status of Punjabi Jutti of Patiala, changes and problems faced by the Jutti makers. Data were collected by interview cum survey method from 100 shoe makers in and around Patiala. Data were analyzed and tabulated. With modernization and machines taking over most manufacturing activities, Punjabi Jutti has undergone lot of changes in raw materials, colour, ornamentation products and procedures, threads, price and manufacturing process. Different problems faced by shoemaker community of Pat

13 illus, 1 table, 4 ref

000000   Neeti Kishore;Rukhsana;Pandey R (Clothing and Textiles Dep, College of Home Science, Allahabad Agriculture Institute, (Deemed Univ, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Clothing requirements of physically challenged college going boys and designing suitable garments. Asian J Home Sci 2010, 5(1), 70-2.

The present investigation was carried out to design functional garments for physically challenged college going boys. Sixty respondents aged 15-30 years were purposively selected. Poliomyelitis was the main cause of disability among the respondents. Respondents were facing numerous problems in clothing while donning and doffing and due to assistive devices used. Based on the needs of the respondents, 20 designs (10 each for shirts and pants) were prepared by the investigator and subjected to evaluation by a panel of judges. The designs were made keeping in view the ease in dressing and undressing, ease in manipulating fasteners, fit of the garments, appropriateness of designs for the disability and appearance of the respondents. Total six designs (three each for shirt and pant) which scored highest were selected for construction of garment based on the standard measurements of the respondents. Among these six garments, G-7 Zipper Shirt and G-8 Two Piece Pant was given first rank by the respondents.

6 tables, 3 ref

001048   Khatri K;Srivastava M (Textiles and Apparel Designing Dep, College of Home Science, Maharana Pratap Agriculture and Technology Un, Udaipur, Rajasthan) : Development of suitable functional clothing for lactating woman and assessment of its preferences. Asian J Home Sci 2010, 5(2), 221-5.

Maternity clothing has a niche market in today's fashion era because of increase number of women worker with the attitude of being well dressed during pregnancy also as at any other time in their life. Maternity clothes have very significant role during lactation period also because breast feeding in regular clothes become awkward and embarrassing. Thus, there is a great need to design clothing for pregnant and lactating women. All lactating women gave their preference towards vertical and horizontal opening with zipper at bust level, hidden flaps up to bust level detachable with Velcro and snap fasteners. Developed functional maternity kameezes were found highly suitable among lactating women in terms of suitability of structural features, functional aspects, selection of materials and colour combinations used.

2 illus, 6 tables, 3 ref

001047   Gandotra V;Khanna S (Clothing and Textiles Dep, College of Home Science, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana, Punjab) : Problems of women entrepreneurs running boutiques in Punjab. Asian J Home Sci 2010, 5(1), 142-4.

Women have adopted boutiques as an entrepreneurial activity to supplement their family income or as a means to channelize their creativity. However, all the entrepreneurs have their share of problems which hinder successful functioning of a business unit. The investation was conducted to study the problems of women entrepreneurs running boutiques in Punjab. Information regarding this was collected from 200 boutiques operating from shops as well as from houses in various cities of Punjab. An interview schedule was prepared to collect the relevant information regarding various problems related to the availability of raw material, finance, marketing, production, managerial, personal and problems related to workers. The extent of problems such as expensive raw material, lack of money for further investment and price fluctuations was significantly greater in boutiques running from shops as compared to boutiques running from houses. On the other hand, the extent of problems such as adverse effects on health and no help in household work was significantly greater in boutiques running from houses as compared to their counterparts.

1 table, 3 ref

001046   Ansari A J;Kahol U (Home Science Dep, Sarojni Naidu Govt. Girls (P.G.) College, Shivaji Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh) : Study of surgical gown requirement. Asian J Home Sci 2010, 5(2), 352-4.

Surgical gowns are worn by doctors and nurses in the operating theatre to address a dual function of preventing transfer of microorganisms and body fluids from the operating staff to the patient, and also from patient to staff. Many of the performance requirements for surgical gowns are well documented. Surgical gowns must repel diseases and infections yet provide adequate freedom to move. The gowns must control the bacteria released into the theatre and aid in maintaining the sterile zone required for patient safety. They must provide for easy donning and doffing without contamination, yet not have openings where the barrier might be breached

14 tables, 2 ref

020932   Meenakshi J;Radha Rani P;Neeraja T (Resource Management and Consumer Sciences Dep, College of Home Science, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural Univ, Hyderabad-500 004, Email: meenasweety.meenakshi@gmail.com) : Ergonomic designing of classroom furniture for pre-school children. J Res-ANGRAU 2012, 40(2), 64-9.

Furniture has an important role in the maintenance of good sitting posture. When designing furniture for young child, proper care and consideration should be given. A study was conducted to design ergonomic classroom furniture for pre-school children. An interview schedule was used to collect information on preferences of classroom furniture design features for pre-school children from class teachers of pre-school children. Standard ant

11 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

008114   Singh D;Rai S K;Pandey R S;Srivastava S; Mishra R K;Chaudhary S;Sharma S;Sushil Kumar (National Institute for Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, Post Box. No 10531,Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110 067, Email: sushil2000_01@yahoo.co.in) : Predominance of the serpentine route in monoterpenoid indole alkaloid pathway of Catharanthus roseus. Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad 2008, 74(3), 97-109.

Single runs of RP-HPLC procedure were used for simultaneous and organ-wise quantification of the terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) serpentine, ajmalicine, vindoline, catharanthine, vincristine and vinblastine in whole adult plants of Catharcmthus roseus, sampled from 81 accessions and F₂ generation of a cross. The average total TIA content was 159 mg distributed among stem, root, leaf and inflorescence organs in 13:8:3:1 proportion. The root and stem barks, leaf-petiole and corolla petals were several fold TIA-richer than root and stem woods, leaf-lamina and rest of flower organs, respectively. TIAs were undetectable in seed but present in the seedling. Quantitatively, serpentine (+ajmalicine), serpentine and catharanthine, vindoline, ser

4 illus, 9 tables, 72 ref

017956   Windmoller and Holscher (NO, , Munsterstr 50, 49525 Lengerich, Germany) : Printing press such as a flexographic printing press having a mechanism for exchanging cylinders. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

017955   General Electric Company (NO, , 1, River Road, Schnectady 12345, State of New York, USA) : Computerized tomography system with high data rate communication. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

017954   General Electric Company (NO, , River Road, Schnectady 12345, State of New York, USA) : Computerized tomography system. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

017953   Deutsche Thomson Brandt GmbH (NO, , D-78048 Villingen-Schwenningen of Hermenn-Schwer-Str 3, FRG) : ROM-RAM disk. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

017952   Braun Aktiengesellschaft (NO, , Frankfurter Strasse 145, D-61476 Kronberg, Federal Republic of Germany) : Tooth brush having separate fasteners as bristle carrier. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

016899   Canon Kabushiki Kaisha (NO, , 3-30-2, Shimomaruko, Ohta-Ku, Tokyo, Japan) : Method of manufacturing an ink cartridge and an ink cartridge thereof. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

007613   Mojumder P;Mondal S B;Mukhopadhya S;Sen K K (National Institute of Research on Jute and Allied Fibre Technology(IC, , 12, Regent Park, Kolkata-700 040) : Chemical characterizaton of khimp fibre (Leptadenia pyrotechnica). J scient ind Res 2001, 60(8), 675-7.

Characteristics of Khimp fibre (Leptadenia pyrotechnica) are studied with a view to exploring wider uses for it. The high α-cellulose and low lignin contents of the fibre with favourable length/breadth ratio of the ultimate cell make it suitable for use in blending with cotton or polyester fibres to produce blended textile yarns and in pulp and paper industries.

2 tables, 16 ref

019830   SKF Textilmaschinen-Komponenten GMBH (NO, , Lowentorstrabe 68, D-70376, Stuttgard, Germany) : Top apron of a drafting machine. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

012637   Janakiram N (NO, , 76, Surya Enclave, Trimugherry, Secunderabad-500 015) : Intelligent systems. Ind Engng J 2003, 32(4), 9-12.

4 illus, 6 ref

012635   Das B N;Gopalakrishna G (Shoe Design and Development Centre, CLRI, Chennai) : Modern tools for footwear applications. J Indian Leath Technologists Ass 2003, 53(4), 285-8.

9 illus

014146   Whirlpool Corporation (NO, , 2000 North M-63, Benton Harbor, Michigan 49022-2692, USA) : An automatic washer. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

019697   Oktav M;Rollas S;Gencoglu E N (Printing Education Dep, Faculty of Technical Education, Marmara Univ, 34722 Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey, Email: egencoglu@marmara.edu.tr) : Optical and printability properties of 2-[[4-(Aminosulfonyl)-phenyl]hydrazono]-N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-oxobutana mide. Asian J Chem 2010, 22(3), 1944-8.

The synthesis and characterization of 2-[[4-(aminosulfonyl)phenyl]-hydrazono]-N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-oxobutana mide (SMI) for a potential use in the formulations of printing inks were employed. Following this, SMI was applied to an ink formulation and its printability together with densitometric and spectrophotometric colour values were examined by comparison with PY3 as a standard pigment. It was observed that the proposed dye had reasonable gloss, colour direction, transparency, mass colour, rub resistance, light fastness, densitometric and spectrophotometric values (CIE L* a* b*). These results indicated that the proposed compound could be used in oil based offset ink production as a pigment.

2 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

023743   Patil M N;Sampathkumar R;Ravindranath S V G; Das N C (Spectroscopy Div, Bhabha Atom Res Cent, Mumbai-400 085) : A PC based readout system for the indigeneous polychromator. J Instrum Soc India 2005, 35(2), 192-6.

Readout system is one of the major components in the modem instruments used for spectrochemical analysis. A PC based readout system has been developed for the indigenous polychromator with inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and de-arc sources. The data acquisition hardware Consists of integrators to accumulate the output current of the photomultiplier tubes, control circuit which enables disables or discharges the integrators as required, a multiplexed analog to digital converter (ADC), profile circuit for optimising the primary slit position, a timer/counter card used to maintain precise timing of acquisition and a DIO card for establishing link between the data acquisition hardware and the computer. The dynamic range enhancement technique employing the 12 bit ADC provides the required dynamic range of 106:1. Software for data acquisition and processing was developed in Turbo Pascal 5.0. This system has been coupled to the spectrometer and tested with ICP as well as de-arc sources. The results obtained are satisfactory.

3 illus, 1 ref

023742   Narasimha Rao K;Shamala K S;Murthy L C S (Dep of Instrumentation, Indian Inst of Sci, Bangalore-560 012) : Studies on tin oxide films prepared by electron beam evaporation and pyrolysis method. J Instrum Soc India 2005, 35(2), 205-12.

Transparent conducting tin oxide thin films were prepared by electron beam evaporation and spray pyrolysis methods, Structural optical and electrical properties were studied with preparation conditions. Tin oxide films have been prepared by evaporating tin using electron beam gun in the atmosphere of neutral and ionized oxygen. A home-made discharge source has been used to ionize the oxygen. Films deposited in neutral oxygen are dark and had low conductivity. However, highly conducting and transparent films have been prepared using ionized oxygen. Evaporated films were found to be amorphous in the temperature range up to 200°C where as spray pyrolysed films prepared at substrate temperature of 300°C - 350°C were polycrystalline. Resistivity of evaporated films is varied from 2.65 X 10^-2Ω-cm to 3.57xl0^-3Ω-cm in the temperature range 150°C - 200°C. For spray pyrolysed films, the resistivity was observed to be 1.55 x 10^-2Ω-cm at a substrate temperature of 320°C. Hall effect measurements indicated that the mobility as well as carrier concentration of evaporated films are greater than that of spray pyrolised films. It was observed that the resistance of the films increased due to annealing in air. The average visible transmission of tin oxide films was around 90%. Evaporated films deposited with 5wt % antimony showed a sharp increase in the resistivity. The morphology of the tin oxide films was studied using SEM. The preparation and the properties of Tin Oxide films were reported in the paper.

2 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref

023741   Krishna Murthy S K;Kantha H I (Cent Instrument Facility and Services Dep, Cent Fd Technological Res Inst, Mysore-570 020) : Food colour measurement: Instrumentation and techniques. J Instrum Soc India 2005, 35(2), 227-38.

Measurement of colour in well definable and quantifiable terms is important to the food ù manufacturing industry. Objective methods of colour measurement involve the use of specialized instruments as well as special techniques. Reflectance spectrophotometer fitted with integrating sphere having the choice of including or excluding the specular component of reflectance in the visible wavelength region (400 -700nm) is the instrument of choice. Using an appropriate software, the instrumental data can be converted, under the standard illuminant and view angle conditions, into tristimulus values (XYZ), chromaticity values (xyz), Hunter Lab, CIE L*a*b* values, chroma, brightness and hue values, which describe the colour characteristics qualitatively and quantitatively. The basics of colour measuring instruments and systems and explaining the instrumental parameters for various types of food are explained in the paper. In addition, the recent developments in the instrumentation and the measurement of opacity and glossy are briefly mentioned.

2 illus, 1 tables, 36 ref

023740   Banerjee K;Majumdar K;Dam B;Banerjee R; Patranabis D (Dep of Instrumentation & Electron Engng, Jadavpur Univ, Salt Lake Campus, Kolkata-700 098) : Design and implementation of an fpga-based ring laser gyro signal processing. J Instrum Soc India 2005, 35(2), 213-21.

Single or triple axis ring laser gyros (RLGs) are commercially used in aircrafts and ships for orientation and stabilization. The RLG when strapped on a moving vehicle measures its angular displacement about the gyro axis. The functional part of the device comprises of a laser cavity that propagates two circulating beams, one clockwise (CW) and one counter-clockwise (CCW). Parts of each counter-propagating beam are combined to produce the RLG output, essentially an interference pattern - a series of fringes. When the RLG is stationary the fringe pattern is stationary. When the RLG is moving, the fringe pattern moves at a rate proportional to the rate of rotation of the laser-cavity, and hence to that of the vehicle to which the device is strapped on. Measuring the rate at which the fringe pattern moves and integrating it over time generates the overall angular displacement of the vehicle about the gyro axis. Standard solutions using discrete analog and digital hardware are rather complex and less reliable considering the total chip-count in the design. Simple processor based solution for triple axis RLG is rather impossible since it calls for massive parallelism. Multiple processor-based solutions, on the other hand, call for a high degree of synchronization accuracy. The paper describes the design and implementation of an FPGA-based state machine for a triple axis RLG signal processing where the three axis signal processing is decoupled but the measurements are synchronous. Since the additional glue hardware requirement is minimal, the design is more reliable. Test results for a single axis implementation are presented.

6 illus, 4 ref

022685   Mahapatra P K;Manjeet Singh;Neelesh Kumar (Central Scientific Instruments Organization, , Sector-30C, Chandigarh) : Realization of active filters using operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). J Instrum Soc India 2005, 35(1), 1-9.

The performance of filters designed by the use of passive components degrades at audio frequencies and the required resistances and inductances values calculated from the mathematical expression are very difficult, to meet from the market. To find a solution to this problem we have performed a study to realize Passive Filters into Active Filters using Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA). By controlling the Voltage Gain of OTA, one can change its transconductance, which is very useful in the designing the first order and second order active filters. Confines discussions only to the design of first order low pass filters using OTA. It is concluded that the new approach gives us a wide range of tunable cutoff frequencies. Basic properties of OTA are discussed.

12 illus, 16 ref

022684   Hanjura A K (NO, National Physical Laboratory, Dr K S Krishnan Marg, New Delhi-110 012) : Design of decoder for irig-B time code. J Instrum Soc India 2005, 35(1), 34-8.

Among the Inter Range Instrumentation Group (IRIG) time codes, IRIG-B is most popular worldwide. Most of the digital clocks provide this time code as an output. This time code can be transmitted over a long distance, and needs to be decoded and displayed. Transmission can be as potential free contacts or as radio signals. Describes the design a microprocessor based IRIG-B time code decoder and display unit designed specially to decode and display time of the day from Standard Time and Frequency Signals (STFS) transmitted from National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, via INSAT satellite for the hundred odd users all over the country.

4 illus, 2 ref

021639   Pesola Prazisionswaagen Ag (NO, , Rebmattli 19, Ch-6340 Baar, Switzerland) : Spring scale. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

021638   Parnaik P P (NO, , Ishwarkrupa, Chitaranjandas Road, Ramnagar Dombivli (EAST), Thane-421 201) : An Improved coin collection box. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

021637   Martin Isaac (NO, , 1st Floor, Ruby House, 5/A, Chottani Cross Road 1, Mahim, Mumbai-16) : A self contained bottle for automatically blending and dispensing premeasured quantity of mixture of at least two ingredients instantaneously ready for use. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

021636   Ichinose International Inc (NO, , 36 9-11, Minami Mukonaso, Amagasaki-shi, Hyogo-ken Japan) : Automatic rotary screen textile printing machine. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

021635   Kamalakannan R;Narmatha bai V;Balasubramanian S;Aravinthan K M (Plant Biotechnology Div, Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Coimbatore-641 007, Email: kamalakannanr@yahoo.com) : Regeneration potential of encapsulated protocorm-like bodies of dendrobium crepidatum Lindl. and paxt under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2004, 6(4), 715-6.

Well developed protocorm- like of Dendrobium crepidatum Lindl.and Paxt. obtained via shoot tip cultures were encapsulated in alginate, MS basal medium and MS medium supplemented with growth regulators. Encapsulated plb's upon transferring either to nutrient medium or directly on sterile sand regenerated healthy plantlets. Multiple shoots were formed in MS basal medium supplemented with NAA (0.5 mg/l) and BAP (0.5mg/l). 55% encapsulated plb's germinated on sterile sand under in vivo condition.

1 table, 6 ref

020627   Smithkline beecham Corporation (NO, , 1 Franklin Plaza, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103, USA) : A holder suitable for holding vials. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

020626   Medwave Inc (NO, , 4382 Round Lake Road West Arden Hills, Minnesota 55112-3293, USA) : Blood pressure monitoring device. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

020625   Ge Yokogawa Medical Systems Ltd (NO, , 7-127, Asahigaoka 4-Chome, Hino-Shi, Tokyo 191, Japan) : Method and apparatus for image processing in a depth direction. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

018451   Zimmer Aktiengesellschaft (NO, , Borsigalle 1, D-60388, Frankfurt/main, Federal Republic of Germany) : Process for processing polymer blends into filaments. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

018450   Greg Mcdougall (NO, , 5C, Taichi Court, 132 Austin Road Tsimhatsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong) : An electrically driven toothbrush. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

018449   Draiswerke Gmbh of Speckweg (NO, , 43-51, D-68305, Nannheim, Federal Republic of Germany) : Agitator mill. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

018448   Chi-Lung Chang (NO, , 121 Sec, 1 M In-Sheng N. Road Kui-Shan H Siang, Tao-Yuan Hsien, Taiwan, Republic of China) : Dyeing machine with cloth conveyer means. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

018447   Bantam Engineers Ltd (NO, , 8, Salisbury Court Greenwood House, London EC4Y, UK) : Method and apparatus for making capped container. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

018446   Balasubramanian R (NO, , Door No.2, Kalaiwanar Cross Road, Oragadam, Ambattur, Chennai-600 053) : Reduceable bicycle. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).