008728   Mukherjee A;Roy G;Tripathi A (National Mineral Development Corporation Ltd, , Khanij Bhawan, Masab Tank, Hyderabad-500 028) : Fluid inclusions associated with gold mineralization in kunchiganahalu Banded iron formation, Chitradurga schist belt, Karnataka: a preliminary appraisal. J Geol Soc India 2001, 58(6), 533-7.

Three types of fluid inclusion i.e., Type I (CO₂-H₂O)primary inclusions, trail-bound Type II biphase (H₂O, L+V) inclusions and Type III monophase CO₂ inclusions associated within intra-granular fluid inclusion trails, have been observed in quartz veins associated with BIFs of Kunchiganahalu. FOr constraining the mobilization-deposition conditions in the high PT region, the isochore for Type I inclusions is drawn for the density of 0.86 gm/cm³ for CO₂-H₂O mixture with XRO₂ of about 0.6. Type II inclusions are of low salinity (<60>2wt% NaCl equivalent) H₂O variety with a density of 0.73 gm/cm³. Type III inclusions are of pure CO2 variety with a density of 0.81 gm/cm³. Conditions of the mobilizing fluid are approximated by the intersection of the upper temperature for the assemblage pyrite-arsenopyrite which is fixed at 491°C and may be considered as a minimum estimate, as this assemblage and the CO₂-H₂O isochore correspond to the Type I fluid inclusions. The main depositional condition is constrained through the intersection of isochores for the low salinity H₂O (Type II) and CO₂ (Type III). The identified conditions are 1900±150 bars at 425±150°C.

4 illus, 9 ref

008727   Mahapatro T R;Padhy S N (Department of Marine Sciences, Berhampur University, Berhampur-760 007) : Seasonal fluctuation of physico-chemical parameters of Rushikulya estuary, Bay of Bengal. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2001, 5(1), 35-40.

Physico-chemical characteristics of Rushikylya estuary, a tropical coastal estuary located on the East Coast of India, were presented. Seasonal variations in Temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Salinity, BOD, Phosphate-P, Nitrate-N and Silicate-Si in estuarine waters have been observed at 5 selected stations. The nature, degree and extent of seasonal fluctuation undergone by this estuarine water have been discussed. The study quantities of the nutrients were more in estuarine water in monsoon than pre and post monsoon (monsoon<62>postmonsoon<62>premonsoon). Higher salinity was observed in premonsoon (premonsoon<62>postmonsoon<62>monsoon) and DO and BOD were more in monsoon (monsoon<62>premonsoon<62>postmonsoon). Whereas pH at sts. 1 and 3 in premonsoon were less than pH at the same stations in postmonsoon and other stations followed the order premonsoon<62>postmonsoon<62>monsoon.

2 illus, 14 ref

008726   Mahajan P N (NO, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune-411 008) : Utility of DMSP-SSM/I for integrated water vapour over the Indian seas. Proc Indian Acad Sci-Earth Planet Sci 2001, 110(3), 225-9.

Recent algorithms for Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (DMSP-SSM/I) satellite data are used for estimating integrated water vapour over the Indian seas. Integrated water vapour obtained from these algorithms is compared with that derived from radiosonde observations at Minicoy and Port Blair islands. Algorithm-3 of Schluseel and Emery (1990) performed best. On the basis of this algorithm, distribution of integrated water vapour is determined during the monsoon depression (22nd-27th July, 1992) that formed over the Bay of Bengal.

2 illus, 9 ref

008725   Madhusudan I C (Geophysics Division, North-Eastern Region, Geological Survey of India, , Brojendro Niketan, Lady Veronica Path, Laitumkhrah, Shillong-793 003) : Geophysical studies of a Gondwana basin in the Rajmahal coalfields, Bihar. Indian Miner 2001, 55(1-2), 67-76.

Coal basins of the Rajmahal Group of coalfields are the Eratonic Gondwana depositories in the north-eastern extremity of the Chotanagpur Gneissic terrain (possibly a part of Archaean-Proterozic complex). Physical model of these depositories suggests appreciable contrast in densities and susceptibilities between the Precambrian metamorphics and Gondwana sedimentaries. Constrast in these physical parameters has been fully exploited by the Gravity and Magnetic methods employed to study the coal basin. Bouguer-gravity and magnetic (V.F.) anomaly maps reflect complexity of the basement, over which Gondwanas and other younger sediments are deposited. Analysis of a test gravity-magnetic profile, along which inputs in the form of borehole data are available, indicates lateral varaitions in bulk density and susceptibility of the formations in the upper part of the basement. This aspect of the basement has been fruitfully utilised in building geological model along Bouguer gravity sections in a grid pattern. Gravity effect of the basement along individual sections are identified. Subtracting the basement effect from the observed Bouguer gravity, gravity effect for overlying sedimentaries are determined. Basement depths along the sections are computed giving appropirate density value to overlying sediments and the basement configuration of the basin has been defined.

5 illus, 7 ref

008724   Lal B;Prem Chandra (Geophysics Division, Geologial Survey of India, , Western Region, Jaipur-302 004) : Magnetic delineation of structure for potash mineralisation in parts of Nagaur basin, Thar desert, India. Indian Miner 2001, 55(1-2), 91-8.

Regional magnetic surveys were carried out to delineate the structural features favourable for the concentration of potash in the Nagpur basin. The depth estimates from the downward continuation are indicative of the interface the paramagnetic Jodhpur sandstone overlain by diamagnetic evaporites as magnetic marker horizon. The magnetic susceptibility measurements and drill-hole data supported this interpretation. The results suggest a prominent subsurface syncline centred near Seruna flanked by anticlines on either side. A ridge-type western anticline is indicated at about 10 km east of Bikaner and the other one near Lakhasar. This fold-type structure has secondary structures over limbs. The presence of a deep-seated fault is indicated near Sadasar village which dies out in the east near Rajeru.

4 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

008723   Khan M A;Singh N (NO, Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur-342 003) : Application of remote sensing data in characterization and mapping of soil resources for watershed planning in arid Western Rajasthan. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 2000, 28(2-3), 93-113.

Visual interpretation of IRS-LISS-II (January, 1995) FCC (1:50,000 scale) of spectral bands 2, 3 and 4 was carried out for the identification and mapping of major physiographic units in an arid watershed of Jodhpur district (Rajasthan). Based on image characteristics and field traverses, seven major physiographic units identified are hills, pediments, flat to undulating, buried pediments, moderately deep to deep, coarse textured, buried pediment, shallow to moderately deep and deep, medium to fine textured, saline, older alluvial plains, deep and very deep, coarse textured, younger alluvial plains, deep to very deep, very coarse textured and dune complexes. Based on physiographic variation and soil or site characteristics such as texture, depth, slope, erosion and underneath substrata, 41 soil mapping units were identified and mapped. Final physiography, soil, slope drainage and landuse maps were prepared on 1:50,000 scale. Taxonomically, the soils of the watershed were classified as Para-Lithic Torriorthents, coarse-loamy, Lithic/Typic Haplocambids, fine-loamy, Lithic/Typic Haplosalids and Typic Torrifluvents and Typic Torripsamments. Land suitability for various mapping units in the watershed have been assessed on the basis of soil physico-chemical characterstics.

5 illus, 4 tables, 17 ref

008722   Khan A Z;Ahmad A H M (Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh) : Petrofacies analysis of Dhrangadhra group of sandstones (lower creataceous), Western India. Indian Miner 2001, 55(1-2), 109-114.

^ssc3 illus, 9 ref

008721   Kaur A;Banger S K;Jain N (Department of Environmental Management, Indraprastha University, Delhi-110 006) : Study on environmentally fragile areas of Delhi using remote sensing/GIS technology. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2001, 5(1), 207-12.

Study has been undertaken to identity the eco-fragile area of NCT Delhi using remote sensing and GIs technology. IRS IC-LISS III (1999) in conjugation with PAN data of year 1999 and ground survey was used to identify and locate the various categories of eco-fragile lands. It comprises 12.93 percentage of total geographical area of NCT Delhi. The various categories of identified eco-fragile lands are undulating land with and without scrub, barren/rockey area, water logged/back swamp areas, underutilized flood plain, garbage and fly ash dumping sites and highly eroded land. Latest information so obtained thorugh remote sensing technology on eco-fragile area would undoubtedly be of great value to various agencies like those concern with land reclamation, soil conservation, afforestation as well as for planning, selecting priority areas, allocation of funds and excuting reclamation methods on sound scientific basis.

2 illus, 3 tables, 5 ref

008720   Kalantari N (Department of Geology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz) : Groundwater occurrence in alluvium tectonic valley : a case study in Southern Iran. J appl Hydrol 2001, 14(1), 18-23.

Many mountainous regions in the world serve as principal sources of water for inhabitants. The Zagros structural belt of Iran which is in NW - SE direction, is constituted of several lithological units. Two units including limestone and conglomerates are promising aquifers within this mountain range. Tectonic valley is a significant feature, which provides water at reasonable cost in carbonate rocks. Regional tectonic activity in the Zagros mountain range produces valley systems and such alluvium basins are bounded by adjacent highlands. Limestone, conglomerate, sandstone and gypsum surround thd Fariab intermountane. In order to demarcate aquifer boundaries in tectonised alluvial fill and to find out promising hydrogeological units as well as source of recharge an integrated hydrogeological study was carried out in the alluvial fill basin. Discusses integrated hydrogeological assessment of the area with emphasis on groundwater exploration.

5 illus, 1 table, 4 ref

008719   Jayakumar S;Arockiasamy D I;John Britto S (Centre for Natural Resources Studies, , St. Joseph's College) : Estimates of current status of forest types in kolli hill using remote sensing. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 2000, 28(2-3), 141-51.

Vegetation of Kolli Hill, has been classified for its forest cover types using landsat TM FCCs of two season namely summer (March) and winter (November). The FCCs of two seasons were interpreted visually based on the standard interpretation elements. Extensive field checks were done and corrections were made in both the maps wherever found necessary. Finally the forest cover type map of Kolli Hill on 1:50,000 scale was drawn by overlaying the interpreted maps of the two seasons. The different types of forest were named following Champion and Seth's classification scheme and the areas of different forest types estimated.

4 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

008718   Jain R L;Surendra Prasad;Mathur A K (Geologoical Survey of India, , Jhalanadungari, Jaipur-302 004) : Present stratigraphic status of khichan conglomerate, Jodhpur district, Rajasthan. J Geol Soc India 2001, 58(6), 543-4.

Recent geological mapping has shown that Khichan Conglomerate marks the hiatus between the Nagpur Formation of Marwar Supergroup (Eocambrian?) and the Permo-Carboniferous Badhaura Formation in Rajasthan.

^ssc1 table, 4 ref

008717   Harinarayanan P;Gopalakrishna G S; Balasubramanian A (Department of Studies in Geology, University of Mysore, Mysore-570 006) : Remote sensing data for groundwater development and management in Keralapura watersheds of Cauvery basin, Karnataka, India. Indian Mineralogist 2000, 34(2), 11-17.

Landuse/landcover information is a pre requisite for optimal landuse planning. Satellite imageries have proved to be highly useful in groundwater studies and mapping the landuse. IRS-1A, LISS II, FCC with band combination on 234 of 1:50000 scale has been used for delineating the various themes in Keralapura watershed, which are catchments of Cauvery basin, and a typical hardrock terrain. The study area lies between latitudes 12°34' N to 12°45' N and longitude 76°05'E to 76°15'E, in Hassan district of Karnataka. The lithologic units, lineament pattern, drainage pattern and hydrogeomorphic units has been delineated from the standard FCC. The correlation developed between remote sensing data and field truth clearly indicates the relationship between the geologic structures and groundwater. By integrating the geology, hydrogeomorphology, vegetation density, landuse pattern and field data, a final hydrogeologic condition of the area has been established and evaluated. The study recommends the different hydrogeomorphic zonation in the watersheds for further development.

4 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

008716   Hansen H J;Mohabey D M;Toft P (NO, Geological Institute, Oster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Denmark) : No K/T boundary at Anjar, Gujarat, India: evidence from magnetic susceptibility and carbon isotopes. Proc Indian Acad Sci-Earth Planet Sci 2001, 110(2), 133-42.

Describes the variation pattern of magnetic susceptibility of Lameta sediments and isotopic variation of organic ¹³C from Chui Hill, Bergi, Kholdoda, Pisdura and Girad. The susceptibility pattern and a negative carbon isotopic anomaly allows fixation of the K/T boundary at these localities and they differ in these aspects from the inter-trappean sediments at Anjar. Paleomagnetic measurements of the Anjar sediment and the overlying basalt flow demonstrate reversed polarity. The Lameta sediments with dinosaur nests at Kheda and the overlying intertrappean sediments are of normal polarity. The clay layers at Anjar, associated closely with Ir-enrichments, are strongly leached, rhyolitic bentonites containing low-quartz paramorphs after high-quartz with glass inclusions. It is condcluded, that the inter-trappean lake deposits at Anjar were deposited in the early part of magnetochron 29R and are unrelated to the K/T boundary.

13 illus, 1 table, 29 ref

008715   Gupta A K;Sreenivasan G;Sharma J R (Regional Remote Sensing Service Centre, , ISRO, CAZRI Campus, Jodhpur-342 003) : Remote sensing in study of desert geomorphology in part of Thar desert. Indian Mineralogist 2000, 34(2), 1-10.

Five different types of geomorphic landforms have been identified in the area, viz., landforms of fluvial origin, aeolian origin, fluvio-aeolian origin, denudational origin and, structural origin. Geomorphic units interpreted on the imagery were checked on the ground for correctness of the classification. The bearing of the geomorphology on the ground water prospects has been studied by field data collection and well inventories. The geomorphologic information was integrated with the lithological and structural information to prepare hydrogeomorphological map and ground water prospect map using Geographic Information System (GIS). Ground water prospect of each of the hydrogeomorphic units is indicated in the map. The satellite data were found useful in studying different kind of desert geomorphic landforms. Digital merging of PAN and LISS-III data was helptful in enhancement and better mapping of subtle ground features like palaeo channels and many subtle dunes, inter dunal depressions and flats not interpretable on the LISS-III data. Use of 1:50,000 scale & 1:25,000 scale data is recommended for mapping of smaller geomorphologic features in desert.

7 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

008714   Giritharan T S;Rajamani V (Department of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605 014) : REE geochemistry of ore zones in the Archean auriferous schist belts of the eastern Dharwar craton, south India. Proc Indian Acad Sci-Earth Planet Sci 2001, 110(2), 143-59.

The rare earth element (REE) geochemistry of the host metabasalts, alteration zones, ore veins and the bulk sulfides separated from the ore veins and the alteration zones suggest that the REE chemistry of the immediate host rocks has been modifed by fluids which added LREE; the REE abundance of the ore veins vary with the amount of host rock fragments included in the veins; the sulfides formed during mineralization have significant REE concentration with patterns nearly identical to the ore veins and alteration zones and therefore the ore fluids involved in gold mineralization could be LREE enriched. Because alteration and mineralization involved addition of REE, more LREE compared to HREE, the fluids could be of higher temperature origin. The initial Nd isotope ratios in the host rocks (ε_Nd calculated at 2700 Ma) showed a large variation (+8 to -4) and a deep crustal source for the fluid REE seems likely. A crustal source for Pb and Os in the ore samples of Kolar belt has previously been suggested (Krogstad et al 1995; Walker et al 1989). Such a source for ore fluids is consistent with a late Archean (2500MA) accretionary origin for the terrains of the eastern Dharwar Craton.

7 illus, 4 tables, 45 ref

008713   Ghatol S G;Karale R L (All India Soil and Land Use Survey, Regional Centre, , Calcutta) : Assessment of degraded lands of Vidarbha region using remotely sensed data. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 2000, 28(2-3), 213-9.

Degraded land in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra were assessed using remote sensing technique. District wise land degradation maps were generated on 1:25,0000 scale through visual interpretation of IRS 1A data supported by limited ground survey. It was observed that degraded lands occupy nearly 2.1 million has or 21.5 per cent of the total geographical area. The analysis of district wise land degradation statistics indicate that Yavatmal and Akola districts are graded as having most problematic lands in the region. Nagpur, Amaravati, Buldana and Wardha districts are categorised as moderately problematic, whereas Gadchiroli, Chandrapur and Bhandara are districts having least problem of degradation. Among the major land forms, the largest degraded area is associated with undifferentiated plain accounting for 1.1 million ha or 12 per cent of the total area of region, which is mostly under cultivation. It thus follows that problem of degradation is more rampant in agricultural land than forest/waste lands.

1 illus, 3 tables, 2 ref

008712   Dong W;Lal D;Ransom B;Berger W;Caffee M W (Geosciences Department, University of Nevada, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Box 454010, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4010) : Marine biogeochemistries of Be and Al: a study based on cosmogenic <. Proc Indian Acad Sci-Earth Planet Sci 2001, 110(2), 95-102.

The geochemical behaviours of Be and Al in ocean waters have been successfully studied in recent years using natural, cosmogenic, radioactive ¹⁰Be and ²⁶Al as tracers. The present day dissolved concentrations and distribution of the stable and radioactive isotopes of Be and Al in ocean waters have revealed their short residence times and appreciable effects of exchange fluxes at the coastal and ocean-sediment interfaces. It follows that concentrations of these particle-active elements must have varied in the past with temporal changes in climate, biological productivity and aeolian flux of continental detritus to the oceans. Investigates the feasibility of extending the measurements of Be and Al isotope concentrations in marine systems to the 10³-10⁶ y BP time scale. Reports the discovery of significant amounts of intrinsic Be and Al in marine foraminiferal calcite and coral aragonite, and of Al in opal (radiolarians) and aragonite (coral), which makes it possible to determine ¹⁰Be/Be and ²⁶Al/Al in oceans in the past. Reports measured ¹⁰BE/⁹Be in foraminiferal calcite in Pacific Ocean cores, which reveal that the concentrations and ratios of the stable and cosmogenic isotopes of Be and Al have varied significantly in the past 30 ky. The implications of these results are discussed.

1 illus, 3 tables, 38 ref

008711   Dhana Raju R (Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research, Department o, , 1-10-153-156, Begumpet, Hyderabad-500 016) : Petromineragraphy of atomic and some other strategic mineral occurrences in India. Indian Mineralogist 2000, 34(2), 77-90.

1 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

008710   Deshpande N R;Paranjpe S A;Gore A P (Deprtment of Statistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA) : Estimation of extreme quantities from limited data. J Indian Statist Ass 2000, 38(2), 251-61.

Occurrence of extreme climatological events such as intense rainfall or very high wind speed is of considerable interest in designing dams and other strutures. A quantity useful in this context is an extreme quantile i.e. value of the variable exceeded with a small (specified) probability, say one in thousand or one n ten thousand, levels conventional in hdyro-meteorology. Such as quantile for rainfall is called probable maximum precipitation (PMP). A possible solution to the problem of estimating such quantile, when data are sparse, is through parametric model. suitable estimates a parameters can be used and the distribution function can be inverted. Behaviour of such estimators for Gumbel distribution was studed in Deshpande and Gore. This work is extended to some other skew distributions using simulation. Results indicate that estimates are reasonably accurate in most cases. Bias is less than 5% and Root mean square error is less than 10% of the true value. In view of these results extreme quantiles have been estimated for daily rainfall at some weather stations in India using the above method.

9 ref

008709   Datta S K;Mandal A K;Saxena M (NO, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001) : Direct organogenesis from ray and disc florets of a newly evolved chlorophyll variegated chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium). Indian J agric Sci 2001, 71(10), 655-7.

Recently developed cultivar `Kargil 99' is a small flowered, spoon-shaped, single whorl purplish mouve ray florets with yellow disc and snow white variegation on leaves. Both ray and disc florets from half-open flower heads were cultured on Murashie and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of BA and NAA. Direct shoot organogenesis was observed within 20-25 days. Disc florets were more organogenic than ray florts. The highest (75%) organogenic response with 11 shoots/responding explants was obtained from disc florets in 1 mg/litre NAA and 5.0 mg/litre BA treatment. Shoots were rooted on 0.2 mg/litre NAA containing half-strength MS medium. Survival of plantlets was 100% upon transfer to the field conditions where they flowered true-to-type.

1 illus, 1 table, 3 ref

008708   Chowdhury S;Ghosh A K (Department of Geology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700 019) : Some geochemical characteristics of the lead-dominant sulphide mineralisation at Sargipali, Sundergarh district, Orissa. Indian Miner 2001, 55(1-2), 31-46.

Lead-dominant sulphide mineralisation at Sargipali occurs in the upper part of the metasedimentary sequence in the Proterozinc fold belt of Gangpur, Sundergarh District, Orissa. The startiform ore body which has undergone coeval deformation and amphibolite-facies metamorphism is hosted in garnet-biotite schist.Granitoid rock cutsd across the ore body,and has produced skarns along its contacts with neighbouring dolomite. The Chemistry of several major-, minor- and tarce elements in Sargiali ore, galena separtes, host rock and country rocks have been determined. The data are critically reviewed for a better understanding of the geochemical characteristics of this lead dominant sulphide deposit. The element -abubdace data for the different rocks of Sargipali reveal that mica schists,other that the host rock, of the area are slightly richer in Pb, Zn and Cu. The element abundance in different rocks shows a sympathetic distributional relationship of Ag with Pb, while Cd does not maintain any such relationship with Z. The host rock towards the hanging-wall side of the ore body has been found to show some Cu enrichment. The granitoid rock has slightly higher averages of Pb and Cu, but Zn maintaines comparable concentration with high-Ca granite, and slightly higher concentration than that in low-Ca granite worldwise, Intrusive relationship and element distribution data indicate that the granitoid rock is not a source of mineralisation..

6 illus, 8 tables, 41 ref

008707   Chandrasekar N (Marine Geochemistry Research Laboratory, SPIC Research Centre, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin-628 008) : Trace elements in the suspended sediments of salt marsh area of Karapad creek, Tuticorin. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2001, 5(1), 81-6.

Salt marsh creek adjoining Tuticorin harbour was surveyed for distribution of heavy metals (Fe, Cr, Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni, Pb) in suspended particulates (Clayey sand is the dominant in the substratum of salt march creek. Sequentional fractnation in suspended sediments was performed for both seasons. Most of the leachable fractions are present in an acid-labile form. The concentration of Fe, Cr, Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni, Pb are, in general, higher in the monsoon suspension particles. Highly significant correlation co-efficients between the metals, Cu & Cr, Pb & Cr, Pb & Cu, Pb & Zn, Fe and Pb are attributed to the common source of these metals, the thermal power station, harour activities, sewage points in the vicinity of the area studied.

1 illus, 3 tables, 30 ref

008706   Chakrabarti A;Kaur R;Das S (Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh) : Molecular methods in diagnosis and epidemiology of fungal infections. Indian J med Microbiol 2000, 18(4), 146-52.

Fungal infections have increased in incidence over the last two decades. However, most infections are diagnosed post-mortem due to low sensitivity of conventional diagnostic methods. Recent progress in molecular biology may improve diagnostic capabilities. Several fungal specific probes as well as PCR based assays are being developed, and these may supplement, or perhaps even replace traditional methods for antemortem detection of candidemia, invasive aspergillosis and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Molecular methods like multilocus enzymes electrophoresis, (MLE) restriction enzyme analysis (REA), DNA hybridisation analysis, karyotyping and the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for amplification of random polymorphic DNA fragments (RAPD) have also been used for understanding the epidemiology of fungal infections especially in nosocomial outbreaks. Recently, polymorphism of intergenic spacer region of rRNA repeat units, non transcribed spacer (NTS) region in rDNA and nucleotide sequence variation in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS 1 and 2) have been used for typing medically important fungi. Molecular methods also help in differentiation of relapse from reinfection in certain clinical situation.

^iia55 ref

008705   Bhandari S;Rachna Raj;Maurya D M;Chamyal L S (Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, M S University of Baroda, Vadodara-390 002) : Formation and erosion of holocene alluvial fans along the Narmada-Son fault near Rajpipla in lower Narmada basin, Western India. J Geol Soc India 2001, 58(6), 519-31.

Five alluvial fans have been recognised along the Narmada-Son Fault near Rajpipla in the Lower Narmada basin. These have been studied in their proximal, medial and distal parts. Lithofacies characteristics and facies associations indicate debris flows and sheet flood flows as the major processes reponsible for aggradation of these fans. The fans have coalesced and formed a fault-bound geomorphic surface during Early Holocene. Sedimentation in an alluvial fan environment during the Early Holocene is not yet known from this part of Western India. Prolonged subsidence along Narmada-Son Fault and two other faults along the Narmada river and its tributary karjan, have provided ideal site for the accumulation of fan deposits. These alluvial fans suggest differential movement along the Narmada-son Fault and a humid climate during Early Holocene.

9 illus, 1 table, 44 ref

008704   Banakar V K;Nair R R;Parthiban G;Pattan J N (NO, National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa-403 004) : Oceanic ferromanganese deposits : future resources and past-ocean recorders. Indian Mineralogist 2000, 34(2), 41-56.

Onceanic ferromanganese deposits occur mainly in two forms, as nodules and as encrustations; while the nodules form a carpet on the deep-sea abyssal plains, encrustations occur as caps on seamounts. The genesis of nodules has been attributed to multiple processes such as hydrogenetic, diagenetic and mixed, but encrustations are generally believed to be of hydrogenetic origin. It has been estimated that, nearly 43 million km² of the world's seafloor area is covered with ferromanganese nodules, totaling to a considerable 1.7 to 3 trillion tons. On the other hand, encrustations have been found on most of the seamounts underlying high productive surface waters. Ferromanganese nodules are known for the enrichment of Copper and Nickel, while encrustations are enriched in cobalt. Their ubiquitous occurrence in almost all the ocean basins make them a potential future multi-metal resource. As encrustation form due to hydrogenetic precipitation of metal hydroxides from the ambient water, they are best suited to trace the contemporary oceanic environment prevalent during their growth period. Several workers have demonstrated that ferromanganese encrustations are the condensed repositories of past-ocean conditions. Exploiting this potential, researchers world over have demonstrated that, Quaternary climatic fluctuations, deep-water circulation changes, major erosional episodes and similar events have left behind unambiguous records in the encrustations..

2 illus, 98 ref

008703   Arumugam M;Sagayadoss A;Vasudevan S (Department of Geology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608 002) : Dehydration, firing and IRA-studies of tertiary, Gondwana and cretaceous clay from clay rich formations in parts of Tamil Nadu, India. Indian Mineralogist 2000, 34(2), 65-70.

The IR-spectra taken for raw sample shows the broad bandwidth at 3400 Cm^-1 and 1600 Cm^-1 to 1700 Cm^-1 which are due to the stretching vibration of OH-Groups and H-O-H bending vibration. The IR-spectra of the same sample taken at different temperatures shows the width of bands gets broadened and reduced with an increase of temperatures and becomes flattened at high temperature due to release of OH-Groups. Major mineral fractions are kaolinite gibbosite, chlorite, quartz, amorphous alumina, iron oxide and mica. The weight % loss due to dehydration, verification, fired colour, shrinkage, mineral content and IRA-studies favours that the cretaceous clays are suited for low-grade stoneware and pottery applications. The Tertiary clays and Gondwana clays are favoured for medium grade refractories, floor tiles and electrical accessories. Thus the industrial grade of clays are inferred for the clays of Tamil Nadu which form the significant component of Gondwana, Cretaceous and Tertiary formations of Tamil Nadu.

2 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

008702   Arumugam M;Prabhakaran R;Senthil Kumar R (Department of Geology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608 002) : Geochemistry and mineralogy of Gondwana clays, Ariyalur area, Tamil Nadu. Indian Mineralogist 2000, 34(2), 57-64.

Sedimentary clay deposits of Tamil Nadu are found associated with upper Gondwanas, Cretaceous and Tertiary formations in the coastal belt of Tamil Nadu. The study area comprises upper Gondwana, which rest on Archean gneiss, and composed of lower ferruginous feldspathic sandstone and upper clay bed with ptillophullum plant impression. The representative samples were selected for the determination of pH, CEC, EC, Eh studies and chemical composition. Chemically Gondwana clays are high aluminous (25.11%) with low alkalies (0.54%) and iron (0.85%). X-ray diffraction studies of Gondwana clay samples were carried out for mineralogical identification. Kaolinite/Chlorite and montmorillonite are the dominant clay minerals followed by lesser quantities of smectite, and non-clay minerals like quartz, orthoclase, muscovite and geothite. The observed physical and chemical characters of the Gondwana clays suggests that they could be well suited for refractory bricks, tiles etc. The dominance of kaolinitic clay and granulometric studies reveal that the clay deposits are mostly derived from weathering of acid igneous sources (Granitic rocks) and deposited in a fresh water continental basin.

2 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

008701   Anantharaman S;Ayyasami K (Palaeontology Division, Geological Survey of India, , Hyderabad-500 068) : Revised age for the cretaceous rocks of Pondicherry. Indian Miner 2001, 55(1-2), 85-90.

Cretaceous rocks of Pondicherry area, southern India, are renowned for their contents of a great number and variety of megainvertebrate fossils and foraminifera. These rocks have hitherto been assigned an age from Campanian to Maastrichtian. Recent collection of fossils from the bottom beds of this Cretaceous sequence includes typical Masstrichtian forms like Agerostrea pectinata, Cataphygus sulcatellus, Eubaculites vagina, E. simplex, Gongrochanus elatus, Inoceramus bulbus and Pachydiscus compressus. These, viewed with the absence of any typical Campanian forms, make the presence of Campanian horizon in this area rather doubtful.

3 tables, 24 ref

008700   Anandakumar K;Venkatesan R;Prabha T V (Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, Georgia-30223) : Soil thermal properties at Kalpakkam in coastal south India. Proc Indian Acad Sci-Earth Planet Sci 2001, 110(3), 239-45.

Time series of soil surface and subsurface temperatures, soil heat flux, net radiation, air temperature and wind speed were measured at two locations in Kalpakkam, coastal southeast India. The data were analysed to estimate soil thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity, volumetric heat capacity and soil heat flux. Describes the results and discusses their implications.

8 illus, 2 tables, 5 ref

008699   Akram Javed (NO, Tata Energy Research Institute (TERI), Darbari Seth Block, Habitat Place, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003) : Geomorphological study of Bulandshahr district (U.P>) using remotely sensed data. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 2000, 28(2-3), 115-27.

Remote sensing data pertaining to Landsat TM FCC of bands 2, 3 and 4 of 9th May 1991 and IRS-1A LISS II digital data of 3rd May 1991, have been utilized for the study of geomorphology of Bulandshahr district, U.P. Visual interpretation technique has been followed for geomorphological mapping and the area has been separated into four broadly defined geomorphic zones, namely Varanasi Older alluvial Plain, Aligarh Older Alluvial Plain, Terrace Zone and Recent Flood Plains of Ganga and Yamuna, each characterized by its own geomorphic/landform elements discernable on remote sensing data. The Varanasi Older Alluvial Plain represents the oldest geomorphic surface occurring at highest tectonic level in the Gangetic plain. The Aligarh Older Alluvial Plain represents a palaeo-flood plain of a north flowing palaeo-drainage in the area. The Terrace zone represents the older flood plain of Ganga and its tributaries. The Recent Flood Plains of Ganga and Yamuna rivers, which get periodically inundated, constitute the youngest geomorphic surface in the study area. Digital image processing outputs, particularly ratio imates have been found to be helpful in identifying certain geomorphic landforms (old/abandoned channels, scars etc.) due to greater contrast within ratio images.

6 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

007787   Thussu J L (Geological Survey of India, , Nagpur-440 006) : Origin of quaternary basin of Sohna valley, Southeastern Haryana. J Geol Soc India 2001, 58(5), 457-64.

The NNE-SSW trending Sohna valley in sourtheastern Haryana, ranges in elevation from nearly 200 m in the southwest to about 190 m in the northeast. An isolated hillock occurs as an inselberg at Indri with an altitude of 270 m. The bedrock occurs below the present day m.s.I. around the inselberg. The area represents an elevated land subjected to normal denudation up to Pleistocene as no sedimentation has been recorded over the Neoproterozoic rocks. Analysis of the borehole data suggests that the deepening of the bedrock around Indri inselberg was caused by a combination of subsidence due to reactivation of N-S and NNE-SSW trending faults and denudation in early Pleistocene which continued into Holocene.

4 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

007786   Tariq Niazi M;Anwarul Haq M;Ahmad I;Arif M; Mahmood K;Bhatti M E (NO, NFC Institute of Engineering and Fertilizer Research, P.O. Box 1012, Jaranwala Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan) : Evaluation of Pakistan's phosphate deposits for the manufacture of triple superphosphate: laboratory scale studies by DEN process. Fertil News 2001, 46(9), 29-31.

To evaluate the Pakistan's siliceous and dolomitic phosphate reserves, lab. scale studies by DEN process were carried out for the manufacture of triple superphosphate. From the studies conducted, it was concluded that processing of dolomitic reserves, having high MgO contents, is not possible for TSP manufacture. Dolomitic indigenous phosphate deposits can be utilised by blending with better quality local siliceous and imported rocks when MgO level is reduced to 1 per cent maximum. Gives the details of the laboratory studies carried out, results obtained and conclusions drawn.

4 tables, 2 ref

007785   Tareen J A K;Ganesha A V (Department of Geology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore-570 006) : Ultra high temperature (UHT) metamorphism of Mg-Al-rich pelitic rocks: an experimental study of the system ₂O-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-H₂O with the bulk composition 2Phl+6Sil+0Qtz. J Geol Soc India 2001, 58(5), 399-409.

Experimental study in the Mg-Al rich portion of K₂O-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-H₂O (KMASH) system was carried out using bulk composition 2Phl+6Sil+9Qtz. Experiments were done using Internally Heated Pressure Vaessel (Gas Bomb) in a P-T range of 3-10 kbar and 900-1250°C with water undersaturated conditions. Three distinct fields were noticed in the given P-T plane: (a) Field-I: Crd+L (up to 1000°C), (b) Field-II: Ind+Sp+L (between 1000 and 1250°C/up to 6 kbar) and (c) Field-III: Spr+Ind+Al.En±Os±Qtz±L (between 1000 and 1250°C/above 6 kbar). The analysis of the mineral phases shows that sapphirine is of 2:2:1 type and enstatite is highly aluminous (up to 14 wt% Al₂O₃). The analyses of indialite lie between 2:2:1 sapphirine and ideal cordierite on the (Al₂O₃+K₂O)-MgO-SiO₂ triangular diagram. The analysis of melt is found to depend on the associated restites and the overall composition corresponds to `granitic'.

6 illus, 2 tables, 40 ref

007784   Shah B A (Department of Geological Sciences, Jadavpur University, Calcutta-700 032) : Revision of age of parsora formation from plant assemblages in Karkati area, Johilla-son valley , Rewa basin, M.P. Indian Miner 2000, 54(3-4), 223-32.

Red ferruginous siltstone in Parsora Formation exposed at the base of the hillock at about 0.5 km north of Karkati village (lat : klong :: 23°22' 55" N : 81°6' 25" E) yields megaplant assemblage of Glossopteris indica, Dicroidium zuberi, D. giarensis, Dicroidium sp. cf. D. feistmanteli, Sphenobaiera schenki and Podozamites sp. cf. P. distans. The assemblage is comparable to known forms of the Panchet Formation of the Raniganj coalfield. The co-existence of Glossopteris and Dicroidium in a single specimen and in the same bedding plane is interesting and such an association is yet to be reported from any locality of Parsora Formation of Rewa Basin. The assemblage establishes it to be equivalent or slightly younger than the Panchet Formation and therefore the age of the`Karkati bed' in the Parsora Formation is revised and a late Lower Triassic age is assigned to it.

5 illus, 2 tables, 35 ref

007783   Sarkar S;Patra H P;Nath S K;Bandyopadhyay M; Dikshit A K (Dept of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721 302) : Groundwater investigations around Damodar river bed near Edilpur, Kathgolaghat, Burdwan district, West Bengal. J Indian Wat Wks Ass 2001, 33(4), 313-20.

5 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

007782   Sarate O S (NO, Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, 53, University Road, Lucknow-226 007) : Biopetrology of coals from Karishnavaram area, Chintalapudi sub-basin, Godavari valley coalfields, Andhra Pradesh. J Geol Soc India 2001, 58(5), 449-55.

Critical analysis of the constitution and rank of the sub-surface coal deposits from Krishnavaram area in the Chintalapudi sub-basin of Godavari valley coalfield is presented. Three coal/shale zones viz. A, B and C (in the ascending order) are encountered from Barakar Formation and lower Kamthi Member of the Lower Gondwana sequence. Zone C mostly contains shaly beds interbedded with thin coal bands (moslty shaly coal), and as such has no economic significance. Zone B is dominated by the vitric and mixed type of coal which has attained high volatile bituminous B and C ranks. The lowermost Zone A is characterised by mixed and fusic coal types with high volatile bituminous C rank. Both the zones A and B contain good quality coal and bear high economic potential. Cold and humid climate with alternating dry and oxidising spells have been interpreted from the constitution of coal. Moreover, the accumulation of thick pile of sediments rich in organic matter is attributed to the sinking of the basin floor due to the activation of faults. Later tectonic events either caused extinction or drastically reduced the number of the floral elements and formed thick shaly horizons interrupting the continuity of the coal facies.

6 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

007781   Rao S;Ish M;Shirlal K G;Habeeb Khan P (Department of Applied Mechanics and Hydraulics, KREC,, Suratkal, Srinivasanagar-574 157) : An interpretation of sediment trends along D K Coast. ISH J Hydraul Engng 2001, 7(1), 33-9.

The coastal zone of Mangalore region in Dakshina kannada (D K) District of Karnataka state is acquiring an ever increasing importance. To study the coastal zone for planning of navigational improvements, erosion control, land reclamation and in general coastal zone management online data is required by coastal engineers, oceanographers and sedimentologists. In order to study sediment movement and influence of median grain size on the beach face slope along D.K.coast, and samples were collected for 35 locations along coast during November 1999 and January 2000 and they have been analysed. The sediment grain size characteristics (statistical parameters) were obtained and sediment trend matrix was prepared. By using sediment trend matrix, sediment travelling paths were drawn. It has been found that during November 1999, sediments were predominantly moving towards south and during January 2000 the direction of sediments got reversed along this coast. It is seen that during this period there is no significant net littoral drift along D.K.coast.

3 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

007780   Rao S;Ish M;Rao N B S (Department of Applied Mechanics and Hydraulics, KREC, Suratkal, Srinivasnagar-574 157) : Laboratory investigation on wave transmission through suspended perforated pipes. ISH J Hydraul Engng 2001, 7(1), 23-32.

An experimental investigation on the hydraulic performance of suspended perforated hollow cylinders in a single row with a relative clear spacing of 0.15 between pipes was conducted in a two-dimensional wave flume. The influence of relative depth of submergence, incident wave steepness, size of pipes, size of perforations, percentage of perforations and water depth on wave attenuation has been investigated. From the investigation it was found that, as the depth of submergence increases transmission coefficient decreases. But beyound 50% of depth of submergence decrease in transmission is negligible. Transmission decreases an incident wave steepness increases. For perforated pipes, size of the pipe has marginal effect on transmitted wave characteristics for the relative clear spacing considered. Perforated pipes with 25% of perforations are found to attenuate about 10% to 14% more wave energy than non-perforated pipes. Size of perforations dose not have much effect on transmision for the same area of perforations.

8 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

007779   Naskar P (Geological Survey of India, , 15, A and B Kyd Street, Calcutta-700 016) : Brief note on plant remains and depositional environment of upper jurassic sarnu hill formation, Barmer basin, Rahasthan. Indian Miner 2000, 54(3-4), 245-8.

^ssc4 illus, 2 ref

007778   Murkute Y A (Department of Geology, Nagpur University, Nagpur-440 001) : Kamthi sandstones: grain size distribution and depositional processes. J Geol Soc India 2001, 58(5), 435-40.

Grain size distribution of sandstones from the Kamthi Formation is analyzed to evaluate the depositional processes. A group of lithounits from the Kamthi Formation is well exposed in the open cast coal mines of Umrer. The CM pattern and log-probability curves of grain size distribution have been analyzed to deduce the modes of sediment transport and the resultant depostional environment. The CM pattern has brought out traction, saltation and suspension modes of sediment transport, while log-probability curves have shown the dominance of saltation sub-population with minor proportion of suspension. Both these characteristics would suggest fluvial environment for the deposition of sandstones of Kamthi Formation.

4 illus, 3 tables, 6 ref

007777   Mookerjee D;Sagar S;Roy M;Sinha K K;Pandey B K;Gupta D B (NO, , E-15/A korunamoyee, Sector II, Phase II, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700 091) : Petrography, geochemistry and geochronology of the granitoids of Gangpur belt, Sundergarh District, Orissa. Indian Miner 2000, 54(3-4), 135-50.

The Gangpur Belt, Orissa - constituting mostly of pelitic, psammitic; calcareous metasediments is intruded at places by granitoid bodies. Four of these bodies studied - three from Ekma, Itma and Timna-are petrographically and geochemically characterised as monzogranite and are peraluminous in nature whereas the one from Ghat-Tari (north of Raiboga) is quartz-syenite in composition and is metaluminous in nature. Overall tectonic setting of granitoids seems to be of mainly syn-collisional type and their initial Sr-isotopic ratios indicate them to be of crustal origin (S-type) for the same magma which could be due to the partial melting of the associated metasediments. These granitoids appear to have formed around 650°C to 720°C at 5 Kbar. The whole-rock Rb-Sr isochron for these granitoids gave an age of around 800 to 900 Ma. Globally, the period 1000 - 700 Ma, marked by late Proterozoic Orogenesis, is of importance for third orogenic recycling of uranium into the crust. These granitoids could be temporally and tectonically related to Satpura Orogeny (900 Ma), though spatially they are the western extension of the Singhbhum area. Hence, the 900-Ma epoch could be significant for this area where already some clues for uranium occurrences have been noticed around Ghat-Tari area near Bhalulata and Jamenkhela.

10 illus, 7 tables, 22 ref

007776   Moohanty J K;Misra S K;Nayak B B (Regional Research Laboratory, , Bhubaneswar-751 013) : Sequential leaching of trace elements in coal: a case study from talcher coalfield, Orissa. J Geol Soc India 2001, 58(5), 441-7.

Extent of vaporisation and subsequent condensation of many trace elements during coal combustion in largely dependent upon the mode of occurrence of the trace elements, besides many other parameters. Mode of occurrence of a few important trace elements in coals from talcher coalfield representing low and high ash type from Karharbari and Barakar Formations is studied by sequential leaching experiments. It is observed that in both the coal samples, Cr and Mn exhibit more affinity towards organic matrix and/or insoluble oxide phases. Pb and Cd are mostly associated with soluble sulphide and oxide minerals. Co is mostly bonded with silicate phases in the coal samples. No definite mode of occurrence is visualised for Ni from the study, as it is associated more with the residue indicating its association with either organic matrix or insoluble oxide.

1 illus, 5 tables, 30 ref

007775   Maitra I;Naskar S;Ray J;Nath S (Department of Geology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700 019) : Ecologite from Tattayyangarapettai-Pavittiram area, Tamil Nadu. Indian Miner 2000, 54(3-4), 169-82.

Area of about 130 sq km covering an area between latitude 11°21" to 78°28' 5.4" E around Tattayyangarapettai- Pavittiram (Trichy district, Tamil Nadu) has been mapped in the Southern Granulite Terrane of the Indian shield. The area studied reveals a number of rock types viz. BMQ, ultramafites, eclogite and amphibolite. The BMQ is mainly a quartz-magnetite association and shows metamorphic reconstitutin. Ultramafic rocks of the area can be broadly subdivided into pegmatoid and non-pegmatoid types. The former mainly corresponds to pyroxenite whereas the latter comprises mainly websterite and hornblendite. The eclogitic rocks (consisting essentially of omphacite and garnet along with other accessory minerals) are spatially associated with amphibolite. Critical field and petrographic studies indicate amphibolite has been retrogressed/hydrated from eclogite. Major-element chemical data for the analysed samples when subjected to some standard screening parameters reveal that they are free of any post-crystallisation alteration. The chemical characters of ultramafic and eclogitic rocks (together with amphibolite) show evdence of normal magmatic differentiation from the common parent magma. Preliminary major-element modelling based on FeO-MgO cation mole percent plot reveals that ultramafic rocks have resulted for melt generated at high degree (≡60%) of partial batch melting of pyrolite.

9 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

007774   Kumar C P;Arora M;Srivastava S L (Hard Rock Regional Centre, National Institute of Hydrology, Belgaum-590 001) : Soil moisture retention characteristics in upper part of Hindon river catchment. J Indian Wat Resour Soc 2000, 20(2), 76-83.

Mathematical models of hydrological and agricultural systems required knowledge of the relationships between soil moisture contentn (θ), soil water pressure (h) and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K), hence, a sustained research effeort towards the parameterisation of K (h) and h(θ) has resulted in the development of several laboratory, filed and theoretical methods. Presents the soil moisture retention characteristics and their variation along the Hindon river in its upstream reach. A total of 38 soil samples were collected from 14 sites in Aurangabad, kamalpur, Budhakhera, Gagalheri and Dudhil Bukhara comprision around 24 hm reach, upstream of Hindon river. Extensive laboratory measurements were made for each soil sample collected porosity was measured for each soil sample, saturated hydraulic conducitivity was measured through ICW permeameter in the laboratory, retention data wasd obtained through pressure plate apparatus, parameters of water retention function of the van Genuchten model were determined through non-linear regression analysis.

1 illus, 3 table, 5 ref

007773   Kumar C P (Hard Rock Regional Centre, National Institute of Hydrology, Belgaum-590 001) : Common ground water modelling errors and remediation. J Indian Wat Resour Soc 2001, 21(4), 149-56.

Ground water models are used to predict the future changes in hydraulic heads or the migration pathway and concentrations of contaminants in ground water. The accuracy of model predictions depends upon the degree of successful calibration and verification of the model in determining transport flow directions, and the applicability of the ground water flow and solute transport equations to the problem being simulated. Errors in the predictive model, even though small, can result in gross errors in solutions projected forward in time. An overview of the common errors in any ground water modelling study and ways to remove them.

2 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

007772   Kumar C P (NO, Regional Centre, National Institute of Hydrology, Belgaum-590 001) : Simulation of sea water intrusion and tidal influence. ISH J Hydraul Engng 2001, 7(1), 1-11.

Coastal zones contain some of the most densely populated areas in the world as they generally present the best conditions for productivity. However, these regions face many hydrolgical problems like flooding due to cyclones and wave surge and drinking fresh water scarcity due to salt water intrusion. Presents the simulation of sea water intrusion in Nauru Island through Saturated-Unsaturated Transport (SUTRA) model and examine the effect of tidal forcing on the fresh water resources.

6 illus, 6 ref

007771   Kotlia B S;Nakayama K;Bhalla M S;Phartiyal B; Kosaka T;Joshi M;Sanwal J (Department of Geology, Kumaun University, Nainital-263 002) : Lithology and magnetic stratigraphy of the lower-middle Siwalik succession between Kathgodam and Ranibagh, Kumaun Himalaya. J Geol Soc India 2001, 58(5), 411-23.

Two thousand six hundred m thick succession, exposed between Kathgodam and Ranibagh in the Kumaun Himalaya and belonging to the Lower and Middle Siwalik, was subjected to lithological and palaeomagnetic studies. Litholgically, four units are recognized in the sequence. Units 1-2 ae correlated with the upper part of the Lower Siwaliok, whereas the Units 3-4 are correlated with the Middle Siwalik. In the absence of the vertebrate fossils ad absolute chronology, the lithological boundaries are used to explain the magnetic polarity stratigraphy. Suggests that the lithological boundary between the Lower and Middle Siwalik (e.g., Chinji-Nagri) in the Kathgodam-Ranibagh section lies at ca. 850 m level and is palaeomagnetically estimated as ca. 9.8 Ma. If such a correlation is correct, the section ranges in age from Chron 5 An to Chron 2 Ar(ca. 12.0 to 4.0 Ma).

8 illus, 1 table, 38 ref

007770   Kamaruzzaman B Y;Suhaimi H;Teh E K;Leong H F; Soon K H;Chong K Y (Institute of Oceanogrphy, , 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu) : The determination of <. Ultra Scient phys Sci 2001, 13(2), 239-45.

Accumulation of element Rh, Ba and U with depth were determined in a 150 cm core sediment obtained from the mangrove forests of Pulau Sekeping, Kemaman, Terengganu, Malaysia. In this study, a ²³⁰Th excess (non-supported ²³⁰Th in sediments) method was used to determine the sedimentation process where a sediment up to 300 000 years old can be dated. Applying the ²³⁰Th _excess and ²³⁰Th_{excess/²³²Th method, average sedimentation rates of 0.68 cm/yr and 0.71 cm/yr were obtained, respectively. The high variations of Ba and U observed in the surface layer might be caused by the climatically-induced changes in the sedimentation rates. However, the relative low concentrations found in the vertical profiles might be due to the low productivity during that period and/or probably due to the dilution of the biogenic matter with very high amounts of terrigenous material transported by the river nearby.}

4 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

007769   Goyal N;Pant P C;Hansda P K;Pandey B K (Atomic Minerals Directorate For Exploration and Research, , Jamshedpur-831 002) : Geochemistry and Rb-Sr age of the late proterozoic Godhra Granite of central Gujarat, India. J Geol Soc India 2001, 58(5), 391-8.

Precambrian Godhra Granite occurring in parts of central Gujarat, intrudes the metasediments of Lunavada and Champaner Groups. RB-Sr isochron based on 14 whole rock samples of the Godhra Granite gives an age of 965±40 Ma, with an initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of 0.7109±0.0015. Geochemical data indicate its origin by partial melting of crustal rocks in post-orogenic environment.

7 illus, 4 tables, 24 ref

007768   Ghosh L K;Patel S C;Agrawal J D;Swami S R (NO, Central Water and Power Research Station, Pune-411 024) : Numerical modelling for simulation of rip current. ISH J Hydraul Engng 2001, 7(1), 12-22.

In coastal bay, circulation mainly occurs due to wave and wind induced current. As such two-dimensional model without wave effect fails to simulate the circulation pattern in a bay. Since the introduction of radiation stress concept to account for momentum flux due to waves by Longuet-Higgins and Stewart, the stress terms are appropriately used to simulate coastal current. In a semi circular bay the wave with normal incidence will refract and diffract and propagate fanning out in the bay. It is observed that this phenomenon induces flow approaching from two sides and produce rip current at the middle. The two-dimensional wave period averaged radiation stress model has been developed to simulate this phenomenon. Effects of wave height and wave period on circulation pattern in a bay has been studied.

7 illus, 9 ref