003420   Rosnan Y;Kamaruzzaman Y;Mohd Lokman H;Suffian I;Subarjo M (NO, Institute of Oceanography, University College of Science and Technolog, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia) : Effect of monsoon to the beach morphodynamic and sediment distribution along Kuala Terengganu coastline. Ultra Scient phys Sci 2002, 14(3), 367-84.

Beach profile and variety of sedimentary characteristics data were collected along the Kuala Terengganu coastline from August 1996 to January 1997. This study sites were conducted from Batu Rakit to Kg. Rusila. The main objective of this study was to determine the influence of the monsoon, particularly the Northeast Monsoon, onto the morphologies and distributions of the sediments collected. Four representative points along the littoral zone which include the low tide, mid tide, high tide and berm were established at all the sampling stations. This study has found a significant influence of the monson to the sediments' profiles and characteristics changes on the study areas. A quite serious of erosion phenomenon had happened especially at Batu Rakit and Telaga Daing during the monsoon season. During the monsoon period, the sediments found were coarser, better sorted and positively skewed if compared to the finer, moderately sorted and negatively skewed sediments collected during the non-monsoon season.

10 illus, 4 tables, 32 ref

003419   Randhir SIngh;Simon B;Joshi P C (Atmospheric Sciences Div, Meteorology & Oceanography Group, Space Applications Centre (SAC), ISRO, Ahmedabad-380 015) : Characteristics of low frequency oscillations of the atmosphere-ocean coupling. Proc Indian Acad Sci-Earth Planet Sci 2002, 111(4), 413-23.

The low frequency oscillation of latent heat flux over the tropical oceans has been studied. The NCEP reanalyzed fields of wind and humidity alongwith Reynolds SST are used to compute the instantaneous as well as monthly mean surface latent heat fluxes (LHF) for the year 1999. The procedure of LHF computation is based on bulk method. Spectral analysis shows that significant energy is contained in Madden Julian Oscillation band in the winds, SST, moisture and in the latent heat flux. The global distribution of wind, humidity, SST and LHF oscillation on the time scale of 30-50 days are analyzed. Maximum amplitude of oscillation on this time scale in all the above mentioned parameters were found over the Indian Ocean. The fluctuation of surface wind speed and moisture controls the latent heat flux on this time scale. The fluctuation of SST on this time scale does not seem to be important over most of the oceans.

6 illus, 16 ref

003418   Rana S;Singh R Y;Dogra N N (Geology Dep, Panjab University, Chandigarh - 160 014) : Geological history of the Early Cretaceous sediments in Kutch and Jabalpur basins - A palynological approach. Bull Indian Geol Ass 2000, 33(1), 47-58.

Aims to discuss the Early Creataceous geological history of sediments on the basis of palynological microbiota from the Formation in the Jabalpur Basin and from the Umia Formation in the Kutch Basin. The palynological assemblage from the Jabalpur stratotype comprises 47 species in 41 genera of gymnosperms, pteridophytes and bryophytes in the decreasing order of percentage. The palynological microbiota from the Umia Formation in the Kutch Basin, on the other hand, is made up of 98 species in 53 genera of pterrrrrdophytes followed by gymnosperms, bryophytes and fungi in the decreasing percentage counts. A comparative and comprehensive study of the palynological assemblages recovered from the Jabalpur Formation and the Umia Formation indicate that the former has been deposited in a fluviatile set up or estuarine conditions, whereas the deposition of the latter has taken place in a distinctly prograded deltaic environment. The FAD of characteristic taxa of the assemblage such as, Cicatricosisporites australiensis, Aequitriradites spinosus. Crybelosporites stylosus, Contignisporites dettmanii and Cooksonites reticulatus is Tithonian - Neocomian transition.

5 illus, 39 ref

003417   Ramachandran A;Snehalatha C;Viswanathan V (Diabetes Research Centre and M.V. Hospital for Diabetes, , 4, Main Road, Royapuram, Chennai-600 013) : Burden of type 2 diabetes and its complications - the Indian scenario. Curr Sci 2002, 83(12), 1471-6.

India faces a grave health care burden due to the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes and its sequalae. Epidemiological data from different parts of the country show a rising prevalence of diabetes in the urban areas. A national study in 2000 AD showed that the prevalence in urban adults aged ≥ 20 years was 12.1%. Onset of diabetes occurs at a younger age in Indians, giving ample time for development of the chronic vascular complications. Moreover, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), which is a forerunner of diabetes, is also increasing, especially among the younger population. There is a wide urban-rural difference in the prevalence of diabetes indicating a major role for urbanization in the causation of the disease. Indians are also susceptible to the major complications related to diabetes like coronary artery disease, neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy. Prevalence of the complications is higher in low socio-economic groups due to lack of good control of glycaemia and hypertension and also due to behavioural factors. The direct and indirect costs involved in the treatment of the chronic disease especially when associated with the vascular complications are enormous. There is an urgent need to implement preventive measures to reduce the high morbidity and mortality and also to reduce the cost burden to the patients and to the society.

3 illus, 4 tables, 55 ref

003416   Rais A;Dwivedi G L;Jain S S;Vijay R G; Bhattacharjee J (Mineral Physics Laboratory, Geological Survey of India, 15-16, Jhalana Dungri, Jaipur - 302 004) : Occurrence of ferrisicklerite and triphylite pegmatites associated with sewariya granite, Nagaur District, Rajasthan. Bull Indian Geol Ass 1998, 31(1-2), 55-9.

Ferrisicklerite and triphylite, the lithium phosphate minerals are identified by X-ray diffraction method. They are occurring in pegmatites near the eastern contact of Wewariya granite and Barotiya mica schist of the Delhi Supergroup around Pipaliya in Nagaur district of Rajasthan.

3 illus, 2 table, 3 ref

003415   Raghav K S;Sinha A K (Geological Survey of India, , Jaipur) : Evolution of quaternary sedimentation basin over Aravalli and cis-Aravalli region of Rajasthan, India. Bull Indian Geol Ass 1998, 31(1-2), 29-38.

The development of Intracratonic Quaternary sedimentation basin over the Precambrian rocks in Aravalli and Cis-Aravalli region indicates very significant change in the climate and tectonic set up of the area. The post-neogene tectonic adjustments have largely controlled by the development of Quaternary Sedimentation basin in the area. Study has brought to light the occurrence of loess deposits in the north-eastern, eastern and southern part of the Aravalli hills area signifying commencement of the Quaternary sedimentation in this part with onset of semi-arid to arid climate in the surrounding area. The onset of aridity reduced the discharge resulting in unloading of the recycled wind blown sediments along with colluvium by ephemeral rivers. The sediments thus deposited caused formation of playa takes along various channels. These basins became the site of deposition of Quaternary sediments.

2 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

003414   Phor L;Aswal H S;Bijai Prasad (Palynology Laboratory, KDMIPE, ONGC Ltd.,, Dehra Dun) : Biostratigraphy and source rock potential in Bhimavaram-Mandapeta West Area, Krishna-Godavari basin, India. Indian J Petrol Geol 2001, 10(2), 51-65.

Deals with biostratigraphic studies and source rock palynology in the sub-surface sediments of Bhimavaram-Mandapeta (west) area in Krishna-Godavari Basin. Details of the finding are presented here. Samples from wells TA, VA, Ma and VRA have been studied for biostratigraphy, environment and hydrocarbon source potential. Biostratigraphic studies resulted in identification of Twenty-Two dinoflagillate biochronozones in Bhimavaram- Mantapeta west area, ranging in age from Rhaetian (Triassic) to Late Maastrichtian (Creataceous). Source rock studies suggest that the Raghavapuram Shale and Golapalli Formation are rich in total organic matter, and TAI value 3.0 suggests that these sediments are thermally matured for hydrocarbon generation. The absolute pollen frequency (APF) curves demonstrate rapid sea level changes during deposition of the Tirupati Sandstone while Raghavapuram Shale and Golapalli Formation are deposited under fluctuating condition of deposition from inner nerritic to marginal marine environment.

5 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

003413   Parthasarathy T;Uma V (Chemistry Dep, Nizam College, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500 001) : Green gases. J Teaching Res Chem 2002, 9(2), 30-3.

Tracer gases of atmosphere play the key role for human survival. These are responsible for Green House Effect. Carbon dioxide flux is the major contributor to this effect. This effect brings sweeping changes in the biosphere, which may lead to negative as well as positive effects. To maintain normal atmospheric temperature more green belts and alternate technologies are required. This global problem should be dealt through international consensus.

1 illus, 2 ref

003412   Nagendra R;Bhavani R;Dinakaran V;Nallapa Reddy A;Jaiprakash B C (Centre of Geoscience and Engineering, Anna University, Chennai - 600025) : Outcrop sequence stratigraphy of Kallankurchchi formation of velliperinjiyam mine, and its correlation with Tancem mine, Ariyalur group, Tamilnadu. Indian J Petrol Geol 2001, 10(2), 23-36.

An attempt is made to correlate stratigraphic sequences recognized in the study area with that of the Tansem mines, to understand the geometry of economically important Gryphaea limestrone unit.

7 illus, 10 ref

003411   Murty G P S;Subrahmanyam A S;Murthy K S R; Sarma K V K N S (NO, National Institute of Oceanography, 176, Lawson's Bay Colony, Visakhapatnam-530 017) : Evidence of fault reactivation off Pondicherry coast from marine geophysical data. Curr Sci 2002, 83(12), 1446-9.

3 illus, 1 ref

003410   Marghany M;Yunus K B;Hussien M L (Institute of Oceanography (INOS), University College Science and Technology, Malaysia-21030 Mengabang Telipot, Kuala Terenggaum (Malaysia)) : TOPSAR model for bathymetry pattern detection along coastal waters of Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. Ultra Scient phys Sci 2002, 14(3), 487-90.

Presents the application of inversion of the linear Kernal of Voltera model to detect underwater bottom topography. The water depth simulated based on the continuity equation of current movements. The result shows that Kernal of Voltera model can produce a good description map of coastal water bathymetry. The current movements are in range direction with maximum speed of 1.3 m/s which flowed over water depth ranged from 10 to 20 m

4 illus, 4 ref

003409   Marghany M;Hussien L;Yunus K (NO, Institute of Oceanography (INOS), Malaysia University College of Scien, 21030 Mengabang Telipot, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia) : Polarised L and C bands TOPSAR for wave refraction pattern detection. Ultra Scient phys Sci 2002, 14(3), 333-8.

Presents work has been done utilizing TOPSAR polarised data to investigate wave refraction pattern along the coastal water of Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. For this purpose, 2-DFFT was applied with a selective window size of 100 x 100 pixels and lines to represent wave spectra refraction pattern. The quasi-linear model was used to map TOPSAR wave refraction spectra into the real ocean wave spectra. Wave spectra information such as wavelength and wave directions are used to predict refraction based on Huygen's principal. The wave spectra refraction pattern from TOPSAR polarised is compared with the results from wave refraction model and quasi-linear model. The statistical analysis of the quasi-linear model and wave refraction spectra model shows a good correlation. It can be concluded that TOPSAR polarised data has potentials for monitoring wave spectra refraction pattern. The integration of quasi-linear model is more useful to identify the wave spectra refraction pattern.

6 illus, 6 ref

003408   Marghany M (Institute of Oceanography (INOS), University College Science and Technology, Malaysia-21030 Mengabang Telipot, Terengganu (Malaysia)) : Radarsat modeling of residual currents and their effects on oil spills spreading. Ultra Scient phys Sci 2002, 14(3), 491-6.

Oil spill movements can be modelled from Radarsat image. Radarsat data recognized as good tool for oil spills detecting and modelling. In doing so, the finite element model of Doppler shift frequency was applied in order to investigate water movements from Radarsat image. The ground data of tidal elevation was used to simulate the real current velocities. The simulated current was correlated with current patterns modeled from Radarsat image. The residual current in Malacca Straits are dominated by tide-forcing. In this study, the oil spills transport model included surface spreading and the effects of horizontal residual current movements. The results show that the oil spills spread as an ellipse in the direction of the major axis of residual current ellipse. The residual current of tidal components suggested that the spill transport in Malacca Straits is function of tidal floor towards the north direction. It can be said that the modelling of residual current from Radarsat data could be good tools for oil spill transport.

5 illus, 5 ref

003407   Mahanti S;Prasad B (NO, , ) : Biostratigraphy, depositional environment and reservoir characteristics of the pay-sands in mandapeta subbasin, K.G. Basin, India. Indian J Petrol Geol 2001, 10(2), 1-17.

Sandstone reservoirs in Mandapeta Sandstone (Middle to Late Triassic) are mainly ill-sorted quartz-wacke with abundance of argillaceous and micaceous matrix. The cements include mainly the authigenic clay (illite, chlorite, kaolinite), hematite, silica and patchy calcite. The porosity moderate to fair but permeability is very poor. The abundance of authigenic clay and ill sorting nature are responsible for the poor permeability. The reservoir sands in Golapalli Formation are fairly to well-sorted quartz- arentie and quartz- wacke with occasional friable nature. The sandstone has poor clay matrix content. Cements include authigenic clay (mainly kaolinite), silica, hematite and patchy calcite. Feldspar alteration and dissolution is common in Mandapeta Sandstone, which resulted in the development of minor secondary porosity.

6 illus, 1 table, 27 ref

003406   Mahajan P (NO, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi-110 016) : Short-term settlement of footing on snow foundation. Def Sci J 2001, 51(4), 419-27.

Constitutive theory for snow, developed by the authors, is applied to solve for the short-term settlement of footing on snow foundation. The constitutive law used is a microstructurally-based formulation which includes the effects of bond deformation and fracture. It also includes transient creep effects and strain hardening of snow. The foundation problem is solved for stress and displacement distribution, with two different loads of 0.008 MPa and 0.1 MPa distributed uniformly over a part of the top face. The stress distribution matches closely with the existing theoretical results.

8 illus, 6 ref

003405   Kishor Kumar;Hamrick M W;Thewissen J G M (NO, Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, 33, General Mahadeo Singh Road, Dehradun-248 001) : Middle eocene prosimian primate from the Subathu Group of Kalakot, northwestern Himalaya, India. Curr Sci 2002, 83(10), 1255-9.

An upper molar tooth of possibly new but unnamed prosimian primate (Mammalia, Primates) is described from the Middle Eocene, in the uppermost part of the Subathu Group exposed east of Babbian Gala near Kalakot (northwestern Outer Himalaya) in the Rajauri District, Jammu and Kashmir, India. To the best of knowledge, this is the first pre-Siwalik primate from India and the only primate tooth identified thus far in a remarkably rich and varied land mammal fauna known from the red beds of the Subathu Group. Its occurrence is significant, as the Eocene primates of the Indian subcontinent are important for understanding the early primate radiation in Asia.

3 illus, 41 ref

003404   Jodhawat R L (Geology Dep, M.L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur - 313 001) : Lithology and Fauna of Dwarka formation (Miocene-Pliocene) Kathiawar, Gujarat, India. Indian J Petrol Geol 2001, 10(2), 67-75.

Fedden (1884) was first to give a preliminary account of `Dwarka Beds' of Kathiawar region (Gujarat) and referred them to Pliocene age with question mark. These Beds have been elevated to the formation status viz Dwarka Formation by Jain (1990). Dwarka Formation is lithostratigraphaically divided into three members. In the uppper and lower members limestone predominate while middle one is represented by strata of clay and sand lamination. Members with respective ages are Rangasar Member (Middle Miocene). Bet Shankhodar Member (Late Miocene) and Bhadkeshwar Member (Late Miocene) and Bhadkeshwar Member (Late Miocene to Pliocene) in the ascending order.

3 illus, 10 ref

003403   Jassal H S;Sharma B D;Gill G S (Soils Dep, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana) : Clay mineralogy of the piedmont soils south of Siwalik hills of Punjab - North-West India. Bull Indian Geol Ass 1998, 31(1-2), 39-46.

The soils of submontane tract of Punjab was investigated for the clay mineral composition using X-Ray diffraction technique along with their physical and chemical properties. All soils are characterised by presence of illite and/or smectite as dominent minerals in the clay fraction followed by kaolinite, vermiculite and chlorite. Most of the minerals are suggested to be of detrital origin acquired by the soils from the rocks in the catchment. The evidences, however, also support a little in-situ weathering contributing towards formation of illite and vermiculite.

3 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

003402   Jain S;Pandey D K (Geology Dep, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur - 302 004) : Middle jurassic ammonite biozonation in Kachchh, Western India. Bull Indian Geol Ass 2000, 33(1), 1-12.

In the reinvestigation of the Jumara Dome section (Kachchh, western India), 7 Zones have been identified in the presnet work and have been correlated with the Standard Zones of the Submediterranean and the Subboreal provinces. A new Zone of Middle Bathonian age has now been recorded. New data emphasizes that the relative percentage or the occurrence of a particular species in a particular Zone or an Assemblage differs from locality to locality within the Kachchh basin.

1 illus, 7 tables, 35 ref

003401   Hussain S;Kirmani I R;Rais A;Kashiram;Garkhal R S (Geological Survey of India, , 15-16, Jhalana Dungri, Jaipur - 302 004) : Note on the geochemical exploration of platinum group of elements in Rajasthan. Bull Indian Geol Ass 1998, 31(1-2), 71-74.

Exploration for the platinum Group of elements (PGE) in Rajasthan was initiated by GSI in the sixties and the work was continued intermittently, however, no thorough investigation was carried out Hitherto, ultramafic rocks had been the main targets for carrying out the prospecting for PGE which are widely distributed in the Central and Southern Rajasthan along Aravalli Mountain Belt. Most of the ultramatic bodies are altered and occur in Pre-Aravalli. Aravalli and Delhi Supergroups emplaced concordantly. These ultramatic bodies show a komatiitic chemistry. Preliminary work base done bed rock, soil and stream sediment samplings have so far been done for assessing the PGE potential of ultramatic rocks. Sulphide deposits which have not yet been studied for their PGE content could be an important target for PGE exploration.

^ssc1 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

003400   Guha D B (M & C Div, Geological Survey of India, Jhalana Dungri, Jaipur - 302 004) : High-grade granulites of sandmata- P-T conditions and metamorphic evolution. Bull Indian Geol Ass 1998, 31(1-2), 75-81.

Plymetamorphic granulite facies rocks of the Sandmata Complex has been discussed in the light of deformation, metamorphism and geothermobarometric studies. Two major metamorphic events M1 and M2 are diagnosed corresponding to the cratonisation of the basement during Archaean times and the Proterozoic fold belt developments in Rajasthan. The M1 event occured in the absence of deviatoric stress and is responsible for the porphyroblastic development of high grade granulite facies assemblages in the Sandmata Complex. Gneissic layering (S1) and layer parallel stromatic and nebulitic migmatites developed during this event. The M2 event occurred during D2 deformation which reworked the M1 event granulites. Amphibolite to granulite facies transitional assemblages overprinting the M1 porphyroblastic phases developed during M2 event. Mineral assemblages, reaction textures and geothermobarometric estimates of the pelitic granulites indicate a nearly isothermal decompressional evolution of the Sandmata Complex granulites from higher pressure (P 7.76 to 8.08 Kb at T-549 to 620°C) to lower pressure (P-5.67 to 5.69 Kb at T0583 to 596°C) granulite facies conditions. The tectonic set-up of the Sandmata complex granulites and Magalwar Complex greenstones indicate the emplacement of granulites as tectonic wedges via ductile thrusting corresponding to D2 deformation during the development of Proterozoic Aravalli fold belt and South Delhi fold belt.

2 illus, 19 ref

003399   Gopala Rao D;Krishna K S (National Institute of Oceanography, , Dona Paula, Goa-403 004) : Magnetic rock properties of the gabbros from the ODP drill hole 1105 A of the Atlantis bank, Southwest Indian ridge. Proc Indian Acad Sci-Earth Planet Sci 2002, 111(4), 467-81.

Laboratory studies of 30 samples from 158 m long drill core of the Hole 1105 A (ODP Leg 179) of the Atlantis Bank, Southwest Indian Ridge have revealed magnetic properties of the gabbros, olivine gabbros, oxide gabbros and olivine oxide gabbros down the core. Comparison of modal proportions of the oxides, grain sizes and magnetization parameters of the rocks has confirmed that most coarse-grained oxide mineral bearing rocks record low Koenigsberger ratio (2 to 5) and median destructive fields (5 to 7 mT). Average natural remanent magnetization (J_nrm) and stable remanent magnetization (J_st) of the core samples are 5.8A/m and 1.9A/m, respectively. Their mean stable magnetic inclination is 66°±4°, about 14° steeper than the expected dipole inclination of the area similar to the one reported at Hole 735 B. The excess inclination perhaps marks a tectonic block rotation of the reversely magnetized rocks of the bank. Interprets that gabbros and serpentinites devoid of basaltic carapace significantly contribute to seafloor spreading anomalies of the bank

5 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

003398   Ghildiyal H;Ravindra Kumar;Gupta L N (Institute fur Mineralogie, Universitat Wuzburg, Am Hubland, D097074, Germany) : Mineralogy and genesis of sulphide ore mineralisation in the chamri area, lesser Himalaya, India. Bull Indian Geol Ass 2000, 33(1), 23-34.

Sulphide mineralisation in the Chamri area is one of the few Lesser Himalayan occurrences that have an economic potential. The ores occur in a Precambrian carbonate-classic sequence, which is tectonically overlain by low-=grade metamorphic rocks. Rocks of the area have undergone three phases of deformation. Mineralisation is both, syngenetic (sedimentary) and epigenetic (hydrothermal)> Syngenetic ores are mainly represented by pyrite-galena and sphalerite-pyrite mineral associations with minor chalcopyrite whereas the epigenetic associations are pyrite-galena, and sphalerite-pyrite mineral associations with minor chalcopyrite whereas the epigenetic associations are pyrite-galena, and pyrite. Epigenetic mineralisation is structurally controlled. The structural setting and petrographic studies of these mineral deposits indicate that the sulphide minerals were remobilised during the Tertiary deformation.

2 illus, 5 tables, 16 ref

003397   Gaur K N;Singh Y P (Geology Dep, D.S. College, Aligarh-202 001) : Foraminiferal composition and biozonation of Callovian-Oxfordian succession, Nara Dome, Kutch Mainland, Gujarat, India. Bull Indian Geol Ass 2000, 33(2), 43-53.

Nara dome, one of the prominent domes of Kutch Mainland ( = Central Kutch), exhibits a well-developed and well exposed Callovian - Oxfordian Succession of about 205 m thickness, commonly designated as Chari Formation in the Mesozoic Stratigraphy of Kutch. A prolific forminiferal assemblage comprising forty four species belonging to seven families was obtained from the Chari sediments. The Nara assemblage is dominated by the vaginulinids. On the basis of most dominant foraminifera taxa, the Callovian - Oxfordian Succession of Nara has been subdivided into four successive biozones: Spirillina polygyrata - Lenticulina - Citharina clathrata Assemblage Zone, Epistomiana mosquensis Assemblage Zone, Flabellamina Sp. - Triplasia emsalandensis Assemblage Zone and Astacolus anceps - Epistomia alveolata Assemblage Zone.

7 illus, 6 ref

003396   Divya Prakash (Geology Dep, Banaras Hindu university, Varanasi-221 005) : Low oxidation condition during granulite metamorphism in Kodaikanal Massif, South India. Bull Indian Geol Ass 2000, 33(2), 19-23.

Quantitative estimation of oxygen fugacity in granulites of Kodaikanal Massif reveals log fo₂ values ranging from - 17.50 to -18.42 at near peak metamorphic condition. Low oxygen fugacity is possible due to the presence of graphite in Kodaikanal Massif.

2 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

003395   Dey S;Singh R P (Civil Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur-208 016) : Retrieval of aerosol parameters using IRS P4 OCM data over the Arabian sea and the Bay of Bengal. Curr Sci 2002, 83(10), 1235-40.

Used IRS P4 OCM data to retrieve the aerosol parameters over the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. Also discusses the spatial, spectral and temporal variations of aerosol optical depth (AOD) over these regions. The Bay of Bengal shows more dynamic nature of aerosols compared to the Arabian Sea. Aerosol size-distribution shows unimodal nature during winter and bimodal nature during summer season. The spatial gradient of AOD is found to be higher over the Bay of Bengal compared to that over the Arabian Sea. A zone has been found over the Bay of Bengal, which shows low values of AOD (<60>0.25) for all the months. The Bay of Bengal experiences much more aerosol loading and transport of aerosols from the Indan subcontinent compared to the Arabian Sea. An aerosol plume is found in the northwestern Arabian Sea during February to March, and it is found to be dispersed in April. The spectral distribution of AOD and the size distribution suggest that the Bay of Bengal is dominated by finer particles compared to the Arabian Sea.

5 illus, 20 ref

003394   Deka R;Maswood M (Geology Dep, St. Anthony's College, Shillong - 793 001) : On the Banded Iron rocks of maliata and Dakhola areas district Kamrup, Assam. Bull Indian Geol Ass 2000, 33(1), 41-6.

Field relationship, mineralogy and chemical composition of the banded iron rock support its sedimentary percentage. This rock represents Precambrian sedimentary oxide facies of Lake Superior type of iron formation.

4 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

003393   Das I;Mohan M;Krishnamoorthy K (Marine Science and Coastal Environment Division, Space Applications Centre(ISRO), Ahmedabad-380 015) : Detection of marine aerosols with IRS P4-ocean colour monitor. Proc Indian Acad Sci-Earth Planet Sci 2002, 111(4), 425-35.

The atmospheric correction bands 7 and 8 (765nm and 865nm respectively) of the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite IRS P4-OCM (Ocean Colour Monitor) can be used for deriving aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the oceans. A retrieval algorithm has been developed which computes the AOD using 6 and 7 data by treating the ocean surface as a dark background after removing the Rayleigh path radiance in the sensor-detected radiances. This algorithm has been used to detect marine aerosol distributions at different coastal and offshore locations around India. A comparison between OCM derived AOD and the NOAA operational AOD shows a correlation <126> 0.92 while that between OCM derived AOD and the ground-based sun photometer measurements near the coast of Trivandrum shows a correlation of <126>0.90.

6 illus, 16 ref

003392   Chaudhri R S;Chaudhri A R (Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, Punjab University, Chandigarh) : Fine particle size analysis techniques. Bull Indian Geol Ass 1999, 32(2), 15-20.

Embodies a critical evaluation of applicability, efficacy and reproducibility of the available fine particle size analysis techniques including sieving, microscopic methods, electronic method, sedimentation methods comprising pipette, setting tube, X-ray, photo extinction techniques and laser method. The problem of size determination has its roots in the precise definition of size itself. Various techniques describe the size in different manner and thus measure different properties of the same particle. The choice of adopting a particular method depends upon the material at hand, the object in view, availability of time, conceptual accuracy of the size determination and a host of other factors. Rapid methods have an edge over the conventional ones if a compromise is to be made with the conceptual aspects.

30 ref

003391   Chaudhri R S (Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, Punjab University, Chandigarh - 160 014) : Characteristics of modern deep sea sediments - a case study. Bull Indian Geol Ass 1998, 31(1-2), 61-9.

Embodies more significant features of modern deep sea sediments from the Bay of Bengal and is based on petrographical textural, heavy mineral, and clay mineral investigations. The data generated during the course of investigations reveal that deep sea sediments are represented by predominantly fossiliferous, calcareous siliceous and sandy clays

5 illus, 17 ref

003390   Chaudhri A R (Earth Sciences Dep, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136 119) : Depositional environments of the Nagthat formation (Proterozoic) of the western Himalaya. Bull Indian Geol Ass 2000, 33(2), 55-61.

Based on various sedimentological and geochemical parameters having bearing on the sedimentation history of the Nagthat sediments of the Chakrata Hills. The sequence represents the accumulations of a coarsening up cycle. The sediments were deposited in moderately-deep agitated marine and tidal flat environments on stable, trailing-edge marine. The concentrations of such trace elements as boron, copper, gallium, nickel, lead, and tin also suggest dominantly marine depositional environments. The paleotectonic, paleoclimatic and physico-chemical conditions were fluctuating in space and time.

3 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

003389   Chandrasekar A (Physics and Meteorology Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721 302) : Study on the sensitivity of the vertical cooling (heat sink) on the displacements of the mid-tropospheric ridge using a linear model. Proc Indian Acad Sci-Earth Planet Sci 2002, 111(4), 437-51.

A linear model of the response of a stratified atmosphere to isolated heat sources in spherical coordinates is used to study the maintenance of the mean position of the mid tropospheric ridge and its displacement. It is well known that the performance of the southwest Indian monsoon is related to the latitudinal position of the April 500hPa ridge along 75<198>E. It was demonstrated that an anomalous cooling associated with the increased snow cover in Eurasia can result in moderate southward displacement of the mid-tropospheric ridge. The results indicate that the vertically integrated cooling rate (strength of heat sink) has more effect on the southward displacement of the ridge when the sink is closer to the ridge.

14 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

003388   Chakrapani G J;Caillardet J;Dupre B;Allegre C J (Earth Sciences Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee-247 667) : Osmium isotopic compositions in Ganga river sediments. Curr Sci 2002, 83(10), 1253-5.

The Ganga river originates and flows through the Himalayas and then over the plains carrying enormous amount of sediment of the world's ocean. The suspended sediments from selected locations in the entire river basin are analysed for osmium isotopic composition and reported. The sediments are characterized by high Re/Os ratios and are extremely radiogenic as evident from their ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os isotopic ratios. Samples from the tributaries Alaknanda, Bhagirathi, Gandak and Ghaghra show pronounced ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os. The integrated effect is seen at Farakka, the farthest downstream location of the Ganga in the present study. High Os concentrations combined with sediment flux makes the Ganga an important source for soluble Os isotopic evolution in the oceans.

1 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

003387   Chakraborty P P;Sarkar A;Bhattacharya S K; Sanyal P (Applied Geology Dep, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad-826 004) : Isotopic and sedimentological clues to productivity change in late Riphean sea: a case study from two intracratonic basins of India. Proc Indian Acad Sci-Earth Planet Sci 2002, 111(4), 379-90.

Enriched ¹³C/¹²C ratios with δ¹³C <126> 3®o (w.r.t PDB) of two Late Riphean (<126>700-610 Ma) intracratonic carbonate successions viz., Bhander Limestone of Vindhyan Basin and Raipur Limestone of Chattisgarh Basin suggest higher organic productivity during this period. This view is supported by sedimentological evidence of higher biothermal growth and consequent increase in depositional relief in the low gradient ramp settings inferred for these basins. Oxygen isotope analysis of these car bonates show distinct segregation between enriched deeper water carbonate mudstone and depleted shallow water stromatolite facies that received fresh water influx. This shows that facies-specific analyses can be useful in understanding the depositional setting of these sediments.

7 illus, 1 table, 38 ref

003386   Bhattacharya S;Deomurari M P;Teixeira W (Indian Statistical Institute, , 203 B T Road, Kolkata-700 035) : Grenvillian thermal event and remnant charnockite: isotopic evidence from the Chilka Lake granulite-migmatite suite in the Eastern Ghats belt, India. Proc Indian Acad Sci-Earth Planet Sci 2002, 111(4), 391-9.

Spectacular exposures of granulite-migmatite occur in the Chilka Lake area of the Eastern Ghats belt. The granetiferous granite gneiss of peraluminous granitic composition, often contains restitic metapelite inclusions and is demonstrably a product of biotite-dehydration melting in pelitic rocks. On the other hand, older layers and bands of charnockitic rocks frequently occur as dismembered patches within the peraluminous granite, thus imparting a measled appearance of the granite exposures. The partial melting and emplacement of the peraluminous granite represent the Grenvillian thermal event, as evidenced by Rb-Sr whole rock and Pb-Pb zircon dating. On the other hand, minor patches of charnockite represent migmatized relict, as evidenced by some older zircons, in addition to those of Grenvillian age.

3 illus, 3 tables, 27 ref

003385   Bhalla S N;Talib A;Ahmad A H M (Geology Dep, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh - 202 002) : Depositional environment, petrography and diagenetic history of chari formation (callovian - oxfordian), Kutch. Bull Indian Geol Ass 2000, 33(1), 13-21.

A prolific foraminiferal assemblage recovered from the Chari Formation, Jhurio hill, Kuttch synthesized with petrographic and diagenetic studies forms the basis of a generalized conclusion regarding the depositional environment of the sequence. The overall dominance of Nodosariids in the assemblage indicates a shallow, near-shore, open marine environment of deposition. However, on the basis of different proportion of calcareous and arenaceous species at different levels in the sequence, occasional shifting of shoreline is visualized. This suggests the unstable nature of the basin in which Chari sediments were deposited. For the study of provenance of the sandstones in the light of plate tectonics, employed the Qt-F-L and Qm-F-Lt triangular diagrams of Dickinson. The two plots of the samples from the Jhurio area show that they were derived from a continental block orogenic provenance. The diaenetic pattern of the studied sandstones demonstrates a close relation to various phases of subsidence and uplift in the tectonically unstable sand-stones from the time of deposition. Uplift of the area caused fresh water dissolution of carbonate and partial oxidation of iron.

3 illus, 1 table, 27 ref

003384   Bhalla S N (Geology Dep, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh) : Littoral foraminifera from Porbandar beach sands, Gujarat, Western India. Bull Indian Geol Ass 2000, 33(1), 59-65.

Twenty seven species of Recent Foraminifera are recorded from the Porbandar beach sands, Gujarat, Western India. All species are benthic and belong to shallow, warm water environment. The Porbandar assemblage shows a strong affinity with the foraminiferal microfauna described from West Coast of India by differentt workers.

2 illus, 13 ref

003383   Bassirani N;Gill G S (NO, University of Zoboil, Iran) : Estimating soil water characteristics from simpler properties. Bull Indian Geol Ass 2000, 33(2), 81-7.

A model to predict the moisture characteristic of a soil from some physical and chemical properties such as soil texture (percent of sand, silt, clay) bulk density and organic matter parameters is presented. Two important factors of Field Capacity (FC) and Permanent Wilting Point (PWP) which affect irrigation scheduling and field management reflect soil moisture content. Results indicated that FC significantly correlated with clay-silt content and organic matter. Available water capacity (FC-PWP) is positively correlated with silt and organic matter up to significant levels and less correlated with clay. On the whole, results showed that FC and PWP can be estimated from some physical and chemical properties of soil in multiple regression model that is presented here.

1 illus, 4 tables, 5 ref

003382   Bagati T N (NO, Sedimentology Group Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, P.O. Box 74, Dehra Dun-248 001) : Strontium distribution as palaeoenvironment indicator in the Chikim formation (Upper cretaceous) of spiti basin, Himachal Pradesh, India. Bull Indian Geol Ass 2000, 33(2), 1-10.

The limestone, argillaceous limestone and calcareous shale of the Chikkim Formation was subjected to detailed mineralogical investigation and determination of CaO, MgO, insoluble residue (I.R) and Sr (in ppm). Calcite forms dominant mineral constituent in limestone whereas ferroan calcite and ferroan dolmite are present in a few samples. Calcareous shale contains calcite with quartz, minor feldspars, opaques and clay minerals (illite, chlorite and montmorillonite) in different proportions. Strontium in limestone is associated with carbonate fraction, whereas in calcareous shale it is associated with carbonate and clay fraction. Strontium is not dependent on variable such as insoluble residue, texture, skeletal composition and neomorphism. Sr shows bimodal distribution in limestone and bimodal to polymodal in calcareous shale. The high concentration of Sr in limestone and comparatively higher percentage in calcareous shale indicates that bimodality and polymodality is inherited from parent marine sediments. The high concentration of Sr indicates that it is facies dependent and high concentration is related to deeper depositional environment.

3 tables, 21 ref

003381   Aquil M;Ahmad A H M;Haris M;Khan A (Geology Dep, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202 002) : Depositional environments of Jaisalmer sandstone, western Rajasthan. Bull Indian Geol Ass 2000, 33(2), 69-80.

The Jaisalmer Formation comprises mainly limestone with basal sandstone. The sandstones are generally yellow to brown in colour and are friable. They are medium to fine grained, moderately well sorted to moderately sorted. The overall textural study suggests that the sediments were deposited under beach environment by wave processes.

6 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

003380   Ali S A (Geology Dep, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh - 202 002) : Landform and lineament studies in parts of Jhansi area, U.P. an application of remote sensing. Indian J Petrol Geol 2001, 10(2), 77-87.

An investigation has been made to identify various geomorphological units and lineaments of Jhansi area Uttar Pradesh, using satellite images, through visual interpretation, the geomorphic units and lineaments information has been generated and integrated to evaluate hydrogeomorphological character of the study area. Reveals that deeply weathered buried pediplains over granite have good to excellent development. The lineament analysis reveals that the lineaments, which are parallel to the stream course and those intersecting lineament are favourable indicators for ground water development reveals that tensile fracture and joints are potential zones for ground water.

6 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

003379   Ali S A (Geology Dep, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh) : Lithofacies of Debari group, Jaisamand area Udaipur district, Rajasthan. Bull Indian Geol Ass 2000, 33(2), 11-17.

Textural attributes and mineralogical population was analysed in terms of QFL modes along with sedimentary structures, to interpret depositional environment of the Debari Group, Jaisamand area, Udaipur district, Rajasthan. The study identifies six lithofacies and suggests a wave dominated coastal sedimentation along an unstable continental block provenence during the deposition of the Debari conglomerate.

3 illus, 11 ref

003378   Ahmad S;Wakeel M (Geology Dep, A.M.U., Aligarh-202 002) : Review of fluorspar deposits of India with special reference to Chandidongri fluorspar deposit, district Rajnandgaon, Madhya Pradesh. Ultra Scient phys Sci 2002, 14(3), 361-6.

The Fluorspar is an industrial mineral with ecomomic importance. Only two-third of the requirements of fluorspar are met through indigenous production and the rest is imported. There is, therefore, an imperative need for a detailed exploration programme to augment the production of Fluorspar. The Chandidongri fluorspar deposit is characteristically low temperature epithermal filling-type. The deposit is structurally controlled and is generally related to granites. This is broadly comparable with most of the Indian deposits except those of Karara (Rajasthan) and Ambadongar (Gujarat).

1 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

003377   Ahmad A H M;Khan M H A;Sayeed A S M;Farooq S H;Faisal S M S (Geology Dep, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh - 202 002) : Petrography and diagenesis of Fakirwari sandstone (Chari formation), Kutch, Gujarat. Indian J Petrol Geol 2001, 10(2), 37-50.

Examines the texture, detrital mineralogy and diagenetic aspects of exposed sandstones of Fakirwari dome (Chari Formation) ranging in age from Upper Bathonian to Upper Oxfordian. The sandstones are medium grained, well to moderately well sorted. The bivariate plots indicate the samples belong in general to beach category. The sandstone consist of several varieties of quartz followed by feldspar, rock fragments and mica derived from the Aravalli and Nagarparkar massif. Grain contacts study indicate sand grain did not suffer much compaction there by suggesting shallow burial. The sandstones were subjected to four phases of cementation including dolomite, calcite, iron oxide and silica. The amount of porosity reduction and types of grain contacts indicate a depth of burial range from 967 to 1400 m.

12 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

003376   Acharjee S;Saikia R (Geography Dep, Gauhati University, Assam - 781 014) : Textural parameters of the bank and bed sediments of a part of Rengbeng river, Kathialatli, Nowgaon (Assam). Bull Indian Geol Ass 2000, 33(1), 35-9.

Textural studies of the bank and bed sediments of the Rengbeng river indicate an overall unimodal, fine to very fine sand size of its constituent detrital particles. The sediments are very fine to poorly sorted and have coarse to finely skewed, and near symmetrical populations. Majority of the size curves exhibit very platykurtic character. Textural data as well as various other analyses of the sediments reveal that the Bank and Bed sediments of the river were mainly derived from fine grained rocks and were deposited in shallow to moderately deep water environment.

6 illus, 1 table, 2 ref

002117   Srinivas N;Ramakrishna Rao S;Suresh Kumar K (Environmental Studies Dep, College of Engineering, GITAM, Visakhapatnam-530 045) : Water quality in industrial areas of Visakhapatnam. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2002, 1(2), 197-200.

Physico-chemical characteristics of bore wells of industrial areas of Visakhapatnam were monitored. The quality of bore waters was assessed by comparing with existing standards for important parameters. Water Quality Index calculated from ten physico-chemical parameters taken together varied from 50.0-97.41 ppm indicating level of nutrient load and pollution in the bore waters. Results of the study indicate that all the bore well waters of the study area are very hard except S1 and at S7 (Old Post office). The water was not conforming to drinking standards, and hence it is suggested to take all the necessary precautions before the waters are sent into public distribution system.

2 tables, 7 ref

002116   Sinha H S S;Rajesh P K (Physical Research Laboratory, , Navrangpura, Ahmedabad-380 009) : In situ measuements of electron density and electric field fluctuations over low latitudes during equatorial spread-F. Indian J Radio Space Phys 2002, 31(6), 321-36.

Review of in situ measurements of electron density and electric field fluctuations over low latitudes has been presented. Deals only with F-region measurements conducted during equatorial spread-F epochs, mainly using rocket-borne Langmuir probe and electric field probes. At long wavelengths (λ ≥ 20 km), spectra of electron density irregularities are best represented by a spectral index of -1.5±0.4. Some of the mechanisms, which are considered to be potential, include a two-fluid mechanism, strong shears in horizontal velocity of plasma and gravity wave organization of plasma. The spectral index of intermediate scales (100 m<60> λ <60> 20 km) lies in the range of -2.4±0.2. Regarding the mechanism of generation of intermediate scales, there is a general consensus that the generalized Rayleigh Taylor instability is the main mechanism. There are some minor problems with this mechanism, such as flattening of spectra (n ≈ -1.5) in some regions and an insuficient growth rate, which puts a condition of minimum seed amplitude (n ≈ 5%) for the initial perturbations. Irregularities in transitional scale (10 m <60> λ <60> 100 m) have much steeper spectra with spectral index ranging between -4 and -5, and are believed to be generated by low frequency electrostatic waves with finite wavelength.

8 illus, 73 ref

002115   Singh B K;Jha N N (Chemistry Dep, D.S. College, Katihar, Bihar-854 105) : Nutrient status of sediments of Kawar wetland in Bihar. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2002, 1(2), 107-14.

Nutrient transformations in Kawar wetland of north Bihar were studied during the period 1996-98. The sediment was collected from the surface and also from the 6 inch depth. The physico-chemical properties of sediment were analysed by using standard methods. In surface sediment the level of total calcium varied between 480.7 and 719.4 mg/100g, total Mg between 70.3 and 126.6 mg/100g, total potassium between 50.1 and 78.4 mg/100g, organic matter between 3.00 percent and 19.32 percent, nitrate between 38.4 and 74.4 mg/100g and phosphorus between 2.68 and 17.32 mg/100g. In 6 inch deep sediment the values of total calcium varied between 590.3 and 640.3 mg/100g, total Mg between 96.4 and 126.4 mg/100g, total K between 67.0 and 72.4 mg/100g, organic matter between 6.00 and 10.32 percent, nitrate between 52.2 and 74.4 mg/100g and phosphorus between 2.94 and 19.64 mg/100g. Interrelationships among different physico-chemical parameters and nutrients in the sediment have been discussed.

2 illus, 1 table, 27 ref

002114   Sikka D R (NO, , 40, Mausam Vihar, New Delhi-110 051) : Developments in tropospheric aerosol studies in India. Indian J Radio Space Phys 2002, 31(6), 391-403.

Traces the development of aerosol studies in India in the last 5 decades. Mesurements on atmospheric transparency, rain water chemistry and air sampling were the techniques employed up to 1990. From mid 1980s other systems like radiometers and lidar have been introduced. Aerosol research got a boost in India under the IMAP in 1980s, which enabled Indian research community to participate actively in INDOEX (1996-1999) phases. Large number of studies undertaken in India in pre-INDOEX and INDOEX phases reveal that aerosol concentrations are increasing and so is the component due to anthropogenic sources, in all seasons. There could be implications of these trends on regional climate system. The need for enhanced monitoring on a regular network mode, archival of data and modelling is emphasized under a well coordinated multi-agency programme.

2 tables, 89 ref

002113   Shrivastava V S;Patil P R (Centre for P.G. Research in Chemistry, G.T.P. College, Nandurbar-425 412) : Tapti river water pollution by industrial wastes: a statistical approach. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2002, 1(3), 279-83.

An attempt has been made for the assessment of pollution in River Tapti in Khandesh plain region. Water samples of Tapti river were collected and analysed for physico-chemical properties. The industrial effluent samples were also collected for comparison and analysed for same physico-chemical characteristics. Statistics of all the parameters have been evaluated and parametric ratio of different parameters calculated. It is shown that the correlation among the ratios of concentrations of physico-chemical parameters can indicate the extent of river water pollution by the disposal of different industrial wastes. These efforts are important for the assessment of river water pollution.

5 tables, 8 ref