000099   Shaikh N;Yeragi S G (G M Moinin Women's Coll, , Bhiwandi-421 302, Dist. Thane) : Seasonal variation in turbidity and total dissolved solids in tansa river at Ravadi, Akloli, Vajreshwari and Netiwali of Thane District, Maharashtra. J Nat Conserv 2004, 16(1), 231-4.

The turbidity and dissolved solids play an important role in community structure due to their limited impact on primary production and trophodynamics. The increasing turbidity, decrease the penetration of sunlight. Similary, a high level of TDS elevates the density of water, influence osmoregulation of freshwater animals and affect water use for drinking, irrigation and other domestic purposes. During the two years of study (1999-2001) on Tansa river. The range of turbidity estimated at different sampling stations was 51 to 130 ppm at station 1, 52 to 136 ppm at station 11, 51 to 141 ppm at station III and 53 to 139 at station IV. The values of TDS ranged between 500 to 660 ppm. 500 to 680 ppm, 500 to 660 ppm and 500 to 670 ppm at sampling stations I, II, III and IV respectively. Values of both the parameters were observed maximum in monsoon, minimum in summer and relatively higher in winter, may be due to increase in plankton population and detritus.

2 tables, 14 ref

000098   Seddique A A;Ahmed K M (Geology Dep, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh) : Urban and industrial pollution of the aquifers of Narayanganj town, Bangladesh. J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(1), 61-70.

In Narayanganj, a rapidly growing and densely populated industrial town, groundwater abstraction has been increasing continuously to keep pace with urban development. Groundwater is being tapped from the shallow Holocene Alluvial aquifer and deeper Dupi Tila sands aquifer of Plio-Pleistocene age. As a consequence of the large-scale exploitation, water level has dropped to 15 m below ground surface and declining at a rate of 0.4 to 0.9 m/year. Groundwater electrical conductivity map depicts higher values (1000 to 2900 μS/cm) in the central and southern part, close to the Sitalakhya River Analyses of hand tubewell (alluvial aquifer, 20-40m deep) and deep tubewell (Dupi Tila aquifer, 80-180m deep) water samples from different parts of the town reveal that there are marked vertical variations in groun water quality. Shallow groundwater has higher dissolved solids, which demonstrates contamination in the upper aquifer and this is most pronounced in the industrial and thickly populated areas. Arsenic, lead, manganese, cadmium, etc, are found to occur above the Bangladesh and WHO drinking water stadards in a number of samples. Present quality of the deeper aquifer is better in all respects, though there is a long-term risk of quality deterioration if proper water mangement is not practiced.

7illus, 1 table, 12 ref

000097   Satyavani N;Dixit M M;Reddy P R (Natn Geophys Res Inst, , P O Bag No 724, Hyderabad-500 007) : Crustal structure of Delhi fold Belt, India, from seismic reflection data. Curr Sci 2004, 86(7), 991-9.

The deep seismic reflection profile along the 200 km long Nagaur-Nandsis profile was shot in 1991-92. This profile starts in the Neo-Proterozoic Marwar Basin (MB) in the NW, traverses through the variably metamorphosed palaeo/meso-Proterozoic Delhi Fold Belt (DFB), and ends in the millde/late Archean Sandmata Complex (SC). The studies carried out along this profile^1-8 could successfully decipher the varied reflectivity patterns, suggesting a complex tectonic scenario for the region. However, a crustal velocity model could not be derived as the profile is only a reflection profile, not supplemented by wide-angle reflection/refraction or well input. Presents a five layered P-wave velocity model for the profile. The velocity structure has been derived using interval velocities for the layers using stack velocities as the starting point and forward modelling the same phases observable in the short gathers. In the absence of the refraction/wide-angle reflection data the model generated a plausible working model. Two major thrust planes are inferred from the presence of crocodiles. The velocity structure clearly demarcates the contrasting structures, notably in the absence of the low-velocity layer and intersecting reflections, etc. The difference is attributed to the contrasting geological history of the two segments.

7 illus, 28 ref

000096   Sarva Jit Singh;Mahabir Singh (Dep of Mathematics, Maharshi Dayanand Univ, Rohtak-124001) : Deformation of a layered half-space due to very long tensile fault]. Proc Indian Acad Sci-Earth Planet Sci 2004, 113(2), 235-46.

The problem of the coseimic deformation of an earth model consisting of an elastic layer of uniform thickness overlying an elastic half-space due to a very long tensile fault in the layer is solved analytically. Integral expressin for the surface displacements are obtained for a verticle tensile fault and a horizontal tensile fault. the intergrals involved are evaluated approximately by using Sneddon's method of replacing the integrand by a finite sum of exponential terms. Detailed numerical reults showing the variation of the displacements with epicentral distance for various source location in the layer are presented graphically. The displacement field in the layered half-space is compared with the corresponding field in a uniform half-space to demonstrate the effect of the internal boundary. Relaxed rigidity method is used for computing th epostseismic deformation of an earth model consisting of an elastic layer of uniform thickness overlying a viscoelastic half-space.

5 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

000095   Roy M K;Karmakar B C;Saha S;Chaudhuri S (Dep of Geology and Mining, Univ of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangaladesh) : Facies and depositional environment of the dupitila formation, dupitila hill range, Jaintiapur, sylhet, Bangladesh. J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(2), 139-157.

The Mio-Pliocene Duptila Formation is exposed in its type area in a sub-latitudinal hill range knownas Dupitila Hill Range, located at the foothills of the Shillong plateau within Jaintipur Police Station, Sylhet, Bangladesh. These sediments are exposed at the southernmargin of the homoclinal fold that is separated from the Shillong plateau by the Dauki fault. Lithostratigraphically the Dupitila sediments can be conveniently divided into a sand dominant lower Dupitla member and clay dominant upper Dupitila member. The sandstones are poorly sorted any strongly fine skewed and show a dominant unimodel distribution with mostly angular to subangular grains. Low ZTR (Zircon,Tourmaline, and Rutile) index indicates a nearby source. The lower Dupitila sediments are represented by lithofacies Gm, Gt, Gp. St,Sp,Sh, Ss and F1 which form an association resembligh fine gravel mid fan, whereas F1 and Fm with facies P and Ss dominating the upper clay rich member suggesting alluvial plain deposits associated with mid fan (Rust, 1984a). This facies association is also similar to medial to distal facies associatin of alluvial fan of Walker (1984) and McGowen and Groat (1971). The stratigraphic cross section of this formation has a convex up profile that resembles alluvial fan profile of Blair and McPherson (1994). The radial length of this alluvial fan is assumed to be 12 km and the plunges of channel axes are relatively high (10°-30° towards south. Palaeoflow expansion angle distinctly varies from 120° to 248° making a variance angle of 128° which may be upto 180°at the maximum. Cross profile relief of lower Dupitila fan is 292 metres at its central part and that of upper Dupitila is 240 meteres. Radial slope value ranges from 16° to 20°. An alluvial fan enviroment during the Dupitila sedimentation (Late Miocene to Middle Pliocene) at the southern piedmont slope of the Shillong plateau is suggested.

9 illus, 4 tables, 35 ref

000094   Roy I (NO, CMPDI, Ranchi) : Slope stability analysis of internal dump slope in an opencast coal mine. Indian Min Engng J 2003, 42(10), 24-7.

Sasti opencast mine of western coalfield limited is located in the west of the Wardha valley coalfields. The area falls within Chandrapur district of Maharashtra. It is presently mining one coal seam (13 to 18 m thick) and the entire mine is capped with a thick black cotton soil of (10 to 20m). Black-cotton soils are inorganic clays of mediuk to high plasticity and form a major soil group in central India. Black-cotton soil derive their name because of their colour. It is characterized by its extreme hardness when dry and by its high expansive properties during process of wetting leading to sudden decrease of shear strength parameters. Majority of excavated rocks and black-cotton soil are back-filled in the de-coaled area by both Shovel-dumper combination and Dragline. Following geo-engineering parameters are considered in the stability analysis: -geo-mining parameters of mine, Geo-technical parameters, Hydro-geological parameters, Seismic effect of the area and the effect of blasting during rock excavation. In this mine, Dump stands above slushy mixture termed here as interface material. After mining of coal, the competent floor of the mine (which is a medium hard sandstone with a cohesion in the range of 3-8 MPa) is covered with a slushy mixture (interface material) of blasted and fragmented rock, black cotton soil and accumulated water from ground water table.

2 illus, 4 ref

000093   Prasad V B;Zutshi P L (Geology Section, ONGC, 4th Floor, Avani Bhavan, Chankheda Campus, Ahmedabad) : Stratigraphy and tectonic model of Jawalamukhi area (India) based on seismic interpretation. J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(1), 71-87.

The study pertains to subsurface interpretation of thrust belt area of Jawalamukhi in Himachal Pradesh. Stratigraphy and seismic data with the drilled well information has been collated for correlation and interpretation. The known stratigraphic sequences of Meso-Proterozoic, Lower Dharmsala, Upper Dharmsala and Siwalik have been rendered into subsurface mappable seismic units. Subathu has not been recognized in subsurface in the area under study. Isochron map of each unit is presented. The structural features brought out both of Jawalamukhi and Lambagraon are indicative of syntectonism. Tectonic model of the "thrust belt" is brought out for Jawalamukhi, Johr and Drang thrusts in time domain. A pioneering effort in seismic data interpretation in a thrust belt area in the Himalayan Belt involving the synthesis of surface geology and subsurface seismic data is presented.

14 illus, 8 ref

000092   Narayanan M S;Rao B M;Shah S;Prasad V S;Bhat G S (Meteorology and Oceanography Group, Space Application Centre, Ahmedabad-380 015) : Role of atmospheric stability over the Arabian Sea and the unprecedented failure of monsoon 2002. Curr Sci 2004, 86(7), 938-47.

The anomalous behaviour of the monsoon 2002 has been studied. An attempt has been to combine satellite and other data sources to characterize the thermal stratification over the Arabian Sea during different phases of monsoon 2002. Using NOAA-ATOVS-derived atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles, calculates a daily stability index (SI) over the entire Indian region of surrounding ocean. The time series of SI clearly brings out the three major significant epochs of monsoon 2002. The relatively dry atmosphere west of 65°E, signifying lack of convection and an unstable atmosphere over the southeast Arabian Sea with west-to-east gradients in water vapour, SI and could liquid water content are noted. The unfavourable stratification during July over the entire Arabian Sea has been investigated in detail. The dominant modes of instability oscillations have been seen to be ~ 30 days both over the western and eastern Arabian Sea, while for the high-frequency modes preference was seen over the eastern part. Using the analysed fields of the National Centre for Modium Range Weather forecasts, the relative contributions of advective and subsidence components in the maintenance of stratification have been investigated. The latter has been found to have played a more dominant role in the deficit monsoon 2002.

10 illus, 14 ref

000091   Mohanty M;Sahoo K C (Geological Survey of India, Operation Orissa, Bhubaneswar-751012) : Meteoritic shower in Orissa. J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(2), 231.

illus, tables, ref

000090   Mishra K K;Mittal S K;Agarwal S H (Soil and Water Engineering Dep, RAK College of Agriculture, Sehore-466 001) : An easy approach towards frequency analysis in Vindhyan plateau of Madhya Pradesh. J Instn Engrs-Pt AG 2004, 85(Jun), 26-32.

The estimation of rainfall of different return periods is vary important in designing hydraulic structures of thearea. Most of the available methods requie the application of trial and error procedure to determine the suitability of distribution function for any particular station. Themethod can be applied without testing the suitability of different distribution functions. The study indicates that f (TND), the transformed normal distribution can be used as a deterministic approach towards frequency analysis. The behaviour of rainfall extremes for different stations of Vindhyan plateau of Madhya Pradesh can be well described by f (TND) for the power γ less than 0.2. All the powers of γ can be used in describing the behavior of extremes when coefficient of variation (C_v) of rainfall extremes is less than 0.39 such as for Damoh and Vidisha (except 6 days and 7 days extremes). The rainfall amount estimated by the normal distribution so fitted to the power transformed data can be used in design of hydraulic structures for the area. The Gaumbel distribution representing greater departure from the observed rainfall from the Weibull plotting formula, was not suitable for the region. The Weibull plotting formula gave good results when applied on the power transformed series associated with the least C_v since, probability function was linear in the entire range of variation due to reduction in X_i.

6 tables, 16 ref

000089   Mathur V K;Srivastava D K (Palaeontology Div., Geological Survey of India, Sector-E, Aliganj, Lucknow- 226 024) : Record of tissue grade colonial eucaryote and microbial mat associated with ediacaran fossils in Krol Group, Garhwal Syncline, Lesser4 Himalaya, Uttaranchal. J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(1), 100-2.

The tissue grade colonial eucaryote Horodyskia Yochelson and Fedonkin and wrinkle structures including Kenneyia ripples and polygonal patterned structures representing microbial mats associated with Ediacaran fossils are recorded from siltstone-shale intercalation of the Kauriyala Formation, Krol Group, exposed about 300 m southeast of Chairkhola (lat. 29°42'35": long. 78°58'10") in the Garhwal Syncline, Pauri Garhwal district, Uttaranchal. The Ediacaran fossils earlier have been recorded by Ravi Shanker et al. (1997) from the same locality and horizon in the Garhwal Syncline.

2 illus, 5 ref

000088   Mahajan P N;Khaladkar R M;Narkhedkar S G;Nair S;Joshi P C;Pal P K (Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, , Pune-411008) : Proper depiction of monsoon depression through IRS-P4 MSMR. Proc Indian Acad Sci-Earth Planet Sci 2004, 113(2), 223-33.

Daily variation of satellite-derived geophysical parameters such as integrated water vapour (IWV), cloud liquid water content (CLW), sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface wind speed (SSW) have been studied for a case of monsoon depression that formed over the Bay of Bengal during 19th-24th August 2000. IRS O4 MSMR satellite data have been utilized over the domain equator-25°N and 40°-100°E. An integrated aproach of satellite data obtained from IRS-P4, METEOSAT-5 and INSAT was made for getting a signal for the development of monsoon depression over the Indian region. Variations in deep convetive activity obtained thrugh visible, infrared an dOLR dat at 06 UTC was thoroughly analyzed for the complete life cycle of monsoon depression. Geophysical parameters obtained through IRS-P4 satellite data were compared with vorticity, convergence and divergence at 850 and 200h Pa levels generated though cloud motion vectors (CMVs) and water vapour wind vectors (WVWVs) obtained from METEOSAT-5 satellite. This comparison was made for finding prooper consistencyof geophysical parameters with dynamical aspects of major convective activity of the depression. It is revealed that there was strengthening of sea surface winds to the south of low-pressure area prior to the formation of depression. This indicated the possibility of increase in cyclonic vorticity in the lower troposphere. Hence, wind field at 850hPa with satellite input of CMVs in objective analysis of wind field uisng optimum interpolation (OI) scheme was computed. Maximum cyclonic vorticity field at 850 h Pa was obtained in the region of depression just one day before its formation. With the same procedure maximum anticyclonic vorticity 200h P awas notices with respect to these vorticities. Lowest values of OLR (120 W/m²) associate with major convective activity tht was consistent with the maximum values of integrated water vapour (6-8 gm/cm²) and cloud liquid water content 50-60 mg/cm²) persisting particularly in the southwest sector of the monsoon depression.

8 illus, tables, 15 ref

000087   Kulkarni K G;Borkar V D (Geology group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune-411004) : Scrutiny of the earliest records of biogenic sedimentary structures from the proterozonic rock formations of the indian shield. J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(2), 222-6.

Earliest reports of seeming biogenic structures from the Proterozoic sediments of the Indian Shield include ridges on lower bedding planes of the Soniya Sandstone, indeterminate markings on the Sirbu Shale, and a spiral marking from the Rohtas Limestone. However, any suggestion of an affinity of the specimens both from the soniya sandstone and the Sirbu Shale with trilobites cannot be sustained. Field and laboratory stuides by the present authors led to the conclusin that the thin ridges on the Soniya sandstone slabs are casts of rill marks, while the thick swellings comparable to Cruziana furcifera are load casts. The indeterminate structures on the Sirbu Shale are mere crack-fillings. The piral marking from the Rohtas Limestone likewise is not a trace fossil. Hofmann has shown it to be Grypania spiralis, a Proterozoic alga.

3 illus, tables, 11 ref

000086   Khan A B;Sapna P V (Salim Ali School of Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry Central Univ, Pondicherry-605014) : Groundwate salination in different aquifers-A case study. J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(2), 183-90.

Investigation to identify the extent of depletion and deterioration in the quality of ground-water resources in three different aquifers-Alluvial, Ramanthapuram and Vanur and Cuddalore sandstone-in and around Pondicherry region indicated groundwater samples of the southern region to be highly contaminated with sea water. Large scale development of groundwater for the combined needs of agriculture, industry and population along with intermittent lack of monsoon recharge and non-receipt of water by surface storage reservoirs has caused the reversal of hydraulic gradient resulting in the intrusion of sea water. The extentof intrusion varies from site to site. In the souther part of Pondicherry (Site I), where groundwater is extensively used for agricultural irrigation (upto 60%), the extnte of reversal of hydraulic gradient is 5.5 to 6 km from the coast. In the urban part (Site III), high levels fo abstration of groundwater for human consumption has contributed for sea water intrusion upto 2 km distance from the coast. At Site IV, the rapid pace in industrialization has resulted in teh depletoin of groundwater table loading to sea water intrusion. The unplanned urbanization, indiscriminate irrigational practices resulting in large scale abstracation of groundwater leading to sea water intrusion is warning to be taken note of.

^ccr3 illus, 6 tables, 9 ref

000085   Kaushik A;Kumar K;Sharma I S;Sharma H R (Dep of Enviromental Science and Engineering, Guru Jambeshwar Univ, Hisar-125001) : Groundwater quality assessment in different land-use areas of Faridabad and Rohtak cities of Haryana using deviation index. J envir Biol 2004, 25(2), 173-180.

Physico-chemical parameters were analysed to evaluate the groundwater quality of the two improtant cities of Haryana, Faridabad and Rohtak, and the pollution status of groundwater was compared using deviation index (DI). Groundwater of both the cities had high alkalinity, hardness, total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity. The groundwater of Faridabad showed low fluride concentration wheras in 74% of groundwater samples of Rohtak the fluroide levels were high. Land use and waste disposal practices were found to have an important effect on groundwater pollution.

illus, 5 tables, 14 ref

000084   Joseph P V;Simon A;Nair V G;Thomas A (Dep of Atmospheric Sciences, Cochin Univ of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Cochin-682016) : Intra-seasonal oscillation (ISO) of South-Keral rainfall during the summer monsoons of 1901-1995. Proc Indian Acad Sci-Earth Planet Sci 2004, 113(2), 139-50.

Time series of daily averaged rainfall of about 40 rain gauge stations of south Kerala, situated at the southern-most part of peninsular India between latitudes about 8°N and 10°N were subjected to Wavelet Analysis to study the Intra Seasonal Oscillation (ISO) in the rainfall and its inter-annual variability. Of the 128 days, 29th May to 3rd October of each of the 95 years 1901-1995 were analysed. It was found that the period of ISO does not vary during a monsooon season in most of the year, but it has large inter-annual variability in the range 23 to 64 days. Period-wise, the years cluster into two groups of ISO, the SHORT consisting of periods 23, 27 and 32 days and the LONG with a single period of 64 days, both the sets at a significance level of 99%. During the 95 years at this level of significant there were 44 years iwth SHORT and 20 years with LONG periods. 11 years had no ISO even at the 90% level of significance. NCEP SST anomalies of the summer monsoon season June to Septemeber were compossited for two groups of years during the period 1965-1993. The first groups was of 5 years with a LONG ISO period of 64 days for south Kerala rainfall at significance level of 99% and the second groups was of 12 years with SHORT ISO periods of 23, 27 and 32 days at the same level of significance. The SST anomaly for the LONG (SHORT) ISO resembled that for an El Nino (La Nina).

5 illus, 3 tables, 32 ref

000083   Jamima P;Lakshminarasimhan J (Dept.of Applied Mechanics, I.I.T., Madras-600036) : Numerical simulation of sea breeze characteristics observed at tropical coastal site, Kalpakkam. Proc Indian Acad Sci-Earth Planet Sci 2004, 113(2), 197-209.

Sea breeze characteristics around Kapakkam tropical coastral site are studied using an Advanced Regional System (ARPS) measoscale model, which is non-hydrostatic, compressible atmospheric prediction model following th eterrain coordinate system. Various options such as surface physics, atmospheric ratdiatin physics, Coriolis force, microphysics, cumulus parameterization and 1.5 level TKE closure scheme for diffusion are included in the model. A joint meterological field experiment was carried out by IITM-Pune and IGCAR at Kalpakkam by develping state-of-the-art sensor sand tether balloon systems for observing the height profiles of meterological parameters. The data obtained from the field experiment are used here to compare the results from numerical simulatins. From the simulated results, it is seen that duration of the sea breeze is 6 hours which agrees well with the observations. The height of the Thermal Interal Boundary Layer (TIBL) is also simulated from the vertical profiles of potential temperature. Simulated wind speed and wind directions are compared with the 50m tower data and potential temperature profiles are compared with the kytoon data. Results are in good agreement with the observed values except during night time wherein a small difference is seen in the wind speed.

11 illus, 2 tables, 31 ref

000082   Jain S L;Ghude S D;Arya B C (Radio and Atmospheric Sci Div, National Phys Lab, New Delhi-110 012) : Signature of early ozone hole recovery during 2002. Curr Sci 2004, 86(7), 963-5.

Total column ozone has been measured using Microtop Sunphotometer at Maitri (74,144>45'S, 11°44'E), Antarctica during the 21st Indian Antarctic Scientific Expedition. Observations show that the ozone hole in the year 2002 was not as deep as that of the previous few years. The Minimum value of total ozone of about 185 DU was observed in the last week of September during 2002 and 135 DU during 1997. Observations also reveal the early recovery of ozone hole during 2002 compared to 1997. The Maitri observations were also compared with TOMs data as well as a nearby Russian station data and were found to be in good agreement.

3 illus, 21 ref

000081   Jai Krishna (Geology Dep, Banaras University, Varanasi-221 005) : Refinement of time in the Indian geological record: case-sheet of the Jurassic in Kachchh. J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(1), 120-3.

000080   Gupta A K;Dhingra H (Geology & Geophysics Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Khargpur-721 302) : (NULL). J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(1), 29-38.

Planktic foraminiferal faunal and isotope data from Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Site 214 reveal a major change in surface water properties in the eastern Indian Ocean, coinciding with the mid-Pleistocene climate transition (MPT). A comparative study of Globigerinoides sacculifer ( a surface dwelling, warm water, mixed-layer tropical planktic foraminifer), Globorotalia menardii Complex (a deep dwelling, tropical species group), and Orbulina universa ( an intermediate depth warm-water subtropical foraminifer) with the stable isotope record of Globigerinoides ruber suggests a warm, thick mixed layer in the eastern Indian Ocean during ″2000 Kyr to ″900 Kyr. Since″900 Kyr the surface water mass stratification weakened, and the mixed layer as well as thermocline were shallow. A decrease in the population abundance of Gs. sacculifer, together with a decrease in δ¹³C and increase in δ¹⁸O values suggest a continuous cool climate and increased surface productivity over the last ″900 Kyr. This coincides with an increased variance in the 400-Kyr component of Earth's eccentricity cycle.

4 illus, 1 table, 50 ref

000079   Gopala Rao D;Krishna K S;Neprochnov Y P; Grinko B N (National Inst of Oceanography, , Dona Paula, Goa 403 004) : Satellite gravity anomalies and crustal features of the Central Indian Ocean Basin. Curr Sci 2004, 86(7), 948-57.

Satellite free-air gravity anomaly contour map at 5 mGal interval, seismic reflection and bathymetric data lead to the identification of deformed crustal structure of the Central Indian Ocean Basin. Twenty-three NE-SW trending deformed crustal features have been identified between 5°S to 4° and 77° to 89°E. Pattern of deformation varies with large relief anticlines in the west, numerous long wavelength anticlinal basement rises in the middle of the basin, and zones of high-angle reverse faults and low-amplitude broad basement rises dominated with reverse faults in the east. Their disposition and deformation pattern record excess folding and shortening in the east of the basin. A chain of near circular free-air anomalies due to volcanic constructs that trend in arcuate shape from north to south parallel to 82.5°E are noted as southern continuity of the 85°E Ridge, which terminates at the Afanasy Nikitin seamount. Change in rheology of the crustral rocks and deformation in the east appear to result due to high heat-flow in the middle of the basin and intense seismicity of the eastern part of the basin. The present plate boundary forces contribute to the change in physical state and architecture of deformation of crust and result in vast area undergoing NNW-SSE to NW-SE compression.

7 illus, 1 table, 34 ref

000078   Ganesha A V;Basavalingu B;Tareen J A K;Pasha M A (Geology Dep, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore-570 006) : Breakdown of synthetic potassic cordierite at low P-T conditions. Curr Sci 2004, 87(1), 104-8.

An experimental study on the breakdown of K-cordierite into phlogopite anf Mg-cordierite has been conducted at 100-150 MPa and in the temperature range of 650-900°C under hydrothermal conditions. Potassic cordierite served as starting material and was prepared by sintering the co-precipitated gel of composition K_0.2>Mg2Al4.2Si4.8O₁₈ at 1200°C. All the experimental runs were carried out using Tuttle_Roy hydrothermal reactor vessels. The formation of phlogopite along with Mg-cordierite started at 700°C. This phlogopite with Mg-cordierite persisted at 825°C and the phlogopite proportion considerably reduces beyond 825°C. At 850°C, Mg-cordierite was the only prominent phase with minor amount of phlogopite and K-feldspar. Above this temperature, traces of melt appear along with Mg-cordierite. From these experimental results, it is confirmed that synthetic K-cordierite (with 1.6 wt% of K₂O) would break down to ideal phlogopite along with MG-cordierite at very low pressure and temperature.

sc2 iluus, 2 tables, 26 ref

000077   De S;Chakraborty D R (Indian Institue of Tropical Meteorology, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, P.O. NCL, Pashan, Pune-411008) : Tropical systematic and random error energetics based on NCEP (MRF) analysis-forecast system-A barotropic approach Part II: in wavenumber domain. Proc Indian Acad Sci-Earth Planet Sci 2004, 113(2), 167-95.

Systematic and random error and their gorwth rate and different components of growth rate budget in energy/variance form were investigated at wavenumber domain for medium range tropical (30°S-30°N) weather forecast using daily horizontal wind field fo 850hPa up to 5-day forecast for the month of June,2000 of NCEP (MRF) model. Part I of the paper deals with the study at physical domain. The following are the major findings in this paper: Tropical systematic error is associated with large scale wave of wavenumber 2, unlike the tropical random error, in which case dominant spectra of random error are observed at higher spectral band of wavenumbers 4-7 in comparison to that of systematic error. Systematic error growth rate peak is observed at wavenumber 2 up to 4-day forecast then the peak is shifted to wavenumber 1 at 5-day forecast. Random error energy shows maximum growth at wavenumber 4 for 2-day forecast, wavenumber 6 for 3-4 day forecasts and at wavenumber 7 for 1-day and 5-day forecasts. In the error growth rate budget, flux of sytematic error shows the net increase of error energy at wavenumber 1 though the triad interactions with teh pairs of waves of other wavenumbers. Flux and pure generation of random error energy are found to be accumulated at wavenumber 4. Resolving the possible trads in wavenumber 4 assoicated with these terms, it is shown that the wave receives more energy from the paris of wave of different wavenumber that it loses, loading to the error energy peak at wavenumber 4. However, the significant triad interaction occurs among the wavenumber 2 and higher wavenumbers in systematic error energy flux.

18 illus, tables, 18 ref

000076   De S;Chakraborty D R (Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorlogy, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, P.O. NCL, Pashan, Pune 411008) : Tropical systematic and random error energetics based on NCEP (MRF) analysis-forecast system-A barotropic approach Part I: in physical domain. Proc Indian Acad Sci-Earth Planet Sci 2004, 113(2), 151-66.

Deterministic predictability in the perpective of systematic and random error and their growth rates and different components of growth rate budgets like flux, pure generation and conversion in energy/variance form were investigated in physical domain for medium range tropical (30°S-30°N) weather forecast using daily horizontal wind field at 850 h Pa up to 5-day forecast for the month of June 2000 of NCEP (MRF) model. The study reveled the following: The Indian peninsula, the Indonesian region and their adjoining areas over 10°N-20°N latitudinal belt show a large amount of forecast error variance indicating that cumulus parameterization process might play a major role in the generation of tropical systematic error. Sparse observational networks over the tropical region are attributed to the uniform spread of random error over the continental as well as oceanic area. The results suggest that generation of random error over the continental as well as oceanic area. The results suggest that generation of random error in some geographical locations in perhaps due to the inefficient description of sensible heating process in the model. As far as growth rates are concerned, systematic error growth rate increase at initial forecast time and attains maximum value at 2-dauy forecast then it remains unchanged for rest of the forecast days. Whereas, the growth rate of random error is nearly invariant at 1 and 2-day forecasts and then it increases slowly at subsequent forecast time. Analyzing the flux, pure generation, mixed generation and conversion terms involved withe componets of systematic and random error growth rate budget, it is shown that the components have thier large variance in those regions where the respective error predominates.

10 illus, tables, 15 ref

000075   Dash R K;sain K;Thakur N K (Natn Geophysical Res Inst, , Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500 007) : Overpressure detection from seismic amplitude versus offset response: an application to gas-hydrates. Curr Sci 2004, 86(7), 985-90.

The seismic amplitude versus offset (AVO) analysis is an important tool for quantification of gas-hydrates and/or free-gass across a bottom simulating reflector (BSR). The high overpressure in the free-gass zone underlin by gas-hydrated sediments changes seismic velocity and hence affects the AVO response appreciably. So the effect on AVO due to overpressure is to be evaluated before making quantitative assessment of gas-hydrates and free-gas across a BSR. Besides, knowledge of overpressure helps in planning the drilling process to avoid potential geo-hazard due to abnormally high pressures. Computes the AVO response of both P-P and P-S reflections from a BSR for possible detection of overpressure in the free-gasbearing zone. The theoretical computation shows that high and negative AVO anomalies for P-P reflected waves indicate a high overpressure condition. Normal AVO trend for P-P reflected wave a relatively high maximum P-S reflection amplitude indicate the presence of overpressure.

8 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

000074   Cetindag B;Unsal N (Firat Univ, Engineering Faculty, Geological Engineering Dep, Elazig Turkey) : Hydrogochemistry and groundwater quality evaluation along the groundwater flow path in unconfined aquifer in Hankendi plain, Elazig Turkey. J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(2), 191-203.

The study area is located to the west of Elazig, in southern Turkey. Hydrochemical evolution of the groundwater is related to the flow path of groundwater. The groundwater in the unconfined aquifer may be classified in terms of Ca-Mg-HCO₃ hydrochemical facies characterised by shallow (young) waters which dominate the recharge areas during rapid flow condtions. Ionic concentrations, TDS, EC and water quality are related to groundwater residence time and groundwater types. The groundwaters in the plain are chemically potable and suitable for both domestic and agricultural purposes.

8 illus, 5 tables, 17 ref

000073   Bondyopadhyay A (Geological Survey of India, A-2, B-Wing, Rajaji Bhawa, Bansant Nagar, Chennai-600090) : Sedimentation, Tectonics and Palaeoenviroment in Eastern Kachchh, Gujarat. J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(2), 171-82.

Wagad Formation of eastern Kachchh, partly equivalent ot the Bhuj formation (Mesozoic) of the Mainland, exhibits a continuous sedimentation starting at the base with ferruginous sandstone interlaminated with shale (lower member grading upward into an essentially subarkosic sandstone with interbedded kaolinitic shale (upper member). The top of the upper member if partly lateritiesed. The sandstone-shale interbedded sequence is found to repeat in several cycles and each of the cycle is capped by thick ferrginous sandstone. Cross-beeded sandstone and subarkose with silty shale indicates a deltaic basin with distributaries flowering northwest and southwest. Thickening of sediments from ferruginous to subarkosic has experienced storm wave action for a short period as evident from hummocky straficatoin at a few places. Sedimentary structures in the area reflect initiation of Mesozoic sequence iwth a transgressive phase of deposition in a near share tidal environment. Seasonal fluxes of sediment supply and maximum evaporation at times, as evident from gypsum in the sediment, have also been recorded. Sediments, its structures and freshwater plant remians denote a deltaic nonmarine environment of dpeosition during upper Gondwana, andat least a part of the upper member sediments represent laterally migrating channel bar deposits. Cutlmination of Mesozoic sedimentation is indicated by vertical tectonic movement in the entire Kachchh. This is responsible for formation of anticlincal fold with board crest that closes near A desar (23°33`N: 70°59'E) in regional scale and a number of domes, half-domes and doubly plunging anticlines intimately associated with high angle normal faults in local scale in teh area. The adesar anticline plunges at a low angle towards 60°. The area is tranfersed by a number of high angle normal faults andtransversefaults. One volcanic plug of alkali olivine basalt occurs within lower member of high angle normal fults and transverse faults.One volcanic plug of alkali olivine basalt occurs within lower member of the Wagad Formation near Khandek. Field relations and petrology of this rock indicate a hot-spote or mantle-plume type origin of this post-Mesozoic alkali basalt.

3 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

000072   Binu K S;Prakasam V R (Dep of Environmental Scineces, Univ of Keral, Thiruvanathapuram-695581) : Characterization of springs and well os Varkala, Kerala. Envir Ecol 2003, 21(3), 662-3.

Varkala in Kerala in famous as an international tourist spot. People of the area depend on well water and spring water for drinking and domestic purposes. To assess the quality of these water sources, water samples were collected during the tourist season-January to May 2002 and evaluated for its potability. The results showed that with respect to most of the constituents except pH the water samples satisfy the requirements set by Bureau of Indian standards.

illus, tables ref

000071   Bhalwankar R V;Sathe A B;Kamra A K (Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, , Pune) : The evaporatin of the charged and uncharged water drops suspended in a wind tunnel. Proc Indian Acad Sci-Earth Planet Sci 2004, 113(2), 129-38.

A laboratory experiment was performed to study the effect of ventilation on the rate of evaporation of the millimeter sized and uncharged water drops suspended in a vertical wind tunnel. The linear relationship, ƒ_v and a non-dimentsional parameter X, is Reynold's number ) is in agreement with the results of earlier investigatins for uncharged water drops. However, in case of charged drops carrying 10^-10C of charge, this relationship gets modified to ƒ_v = 0.4877 +0.149 X. Thus, the rate of evaporation of charged drops is slower than that of uncharged drops of the same size. Oscillations of the drop and the change is airflow around drops are suggested to contribute to lowering of the ventilation coefficients for charged drops. Applicability of the results to small fraction of highly charged raindrops failing through the sub-cloud layer below thunderstorm is discussed. The relaxatin time required for a ventiliated drop to reach its equibrium temperature increase with the drop size and is higher for the uncharged drops. It is concluded that in a given distance, charged drops will evaporate less than that of uncharged drops.

4 illus, 2 tables, 29 ref

000070   Behra P (P.G. Dep of Geology, Utkal Univ, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar-751004) : Spontaneous combustion in coals-A panacea. J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(2), 158-170.

Lower - Gondwan coal samples from the lb-valley, the Talcher coalfield and the Raniganj coalfield were compared with the Tertiary coals of Upper Assam, Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh by their chemical data in relation to crossing point temperature, petrography and rank. Previous works of the author as well as research on spontaneous combustion of coals by others till today, has not been successful to pronounce one single parameters to know the spontaneous combustibility characters in coals. The reason for spontaneous combustin varies from coal to coal in different coalfields because of the complexity of the coal composition. Any one of the two parameters such as volatile matter (calculated) and calorific value (calculated) can conveniently be used to know the degree of spontaneous combusiton in coals. It is proposed that the coal could be considered as highly prone to spontaneous combustion if the value of volatile matter (calculated) exceeds 40, moderately prone to spontaneous combusion if the value in between 40 and 32 and least prone if below 32. Corresponding calorific values (calculated) have been fixed as less than 8000 kcl./gm, 8000 to 8500kcal/gm, and more than 8500 kcal/gm. To achieve results, the expensive and extensive process of ultimate analyses could be avoided. Use of graphs based on coefficient of correlation, volatile matter (experimental) obtained by proximate analysis will given an approximate value of volatile matter (calculated) and calorific value (calculated) to indicate the degree of spontaneous combustion.

11 illus, 6 tables, 25 ref

000069   Balakrishnan T S (8, Sneha Sadan, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019) : Application of geophysics for the study of the structure of the Himalaya and tibet. J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(1), 123-4.

sc

000068   Altun L;Yilmaz M;Acar C;Turna I;Baskent E Z; Bilgili E (Dep of Forest Engineering, Dep of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Forestry, Karadeniz Technical Univ, Trabzon-61080, Turkey) : Evaluating the seaonsal changes of water quality of the degirmendere and Galyan rivers (Trabzon Turkey). J envir Biol 2003, 24(4), 415-22.

Water quality parameters were sampled from 1997 though 2001 for each year at five sites (three for Galyan, two for Degirmendere) along 29 and 42 km gradients, respectively covering all seasons. Surface, water was collected from the sites and analyzed for temperature, total alkaline (MAL), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, condutivity (EC), nitrate (NO3) nitrite (NO_{2), total hardness (TH), phenolophthalein alkalinities (PAL) and organic matter (PV). Seasonal changes of water quality were analyzed statistically for both Rivers and evaluated according to the TS 266, EU and WHO standars. The analysis of variance results showed that Ca, Mg, MAL, NO3, pH, TDS and TH parameters of the Degirmendere River and Ca, DO, EC, MAL NO3, pH and TH parameters of the Galyan River showed seasonal differences (p<60>0.05). The maximum values of the water pollution parameters for the two Rivers were below the threshold values throughout the study period. When both Rivers were compared, the mean values of the pollution parameters of the Degirmendere River were higher than those of the Galyan River and very close the limits. The results indicate that both Rivers can be used for the production of potable water during all seasons but only with an advanced treatment in the Degirmendere and a moderate treatment in the Galyan River, and for indirect and non-contact recreational activities.}

illus, 1 tables 10 ref

000067   Abwao P;Sharma R R (Environ and Community Develop Dep, Kenyatta Univ, P O Box 43844, Nairobi (Kenya)) : Urbanization and storm water management: a case study of Nairobi, Kenya. J Nat Conserv 2004, 16(1), 217-30.

As the urbanization process continues, storm water management becomes an issue of great concern. It is a high time the flood water was seen as a potential resource and not as a hazard since with proper management, it can be utilized for beneficial purposes.

8 tables, 9 ref

020079   Yadav O P;Panchal P K;MIglani T S;Sexana (Atonic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research, Dep of Atomic Energy, Jaipur-303906) : A note of the geology and geochemistry of radio active paleosol on basement granites of aravalli supergroup, Chittorgarh district, Rajasthan. J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(5), 551-4.

A few centimeter to 3m thick palaeosol has developed on 2585 Ma oldBerach granite along the unconformity that separates the Aravalli Supergroup (2500-2000 Ma) from the former. The Berach granites are represented by a mineral assemblage of potash foldspar, soidc plagiocalse, quartz and minor ferromagnesian minerals like biotite, hornblende and epidote etc. The subsequent palaco-laternatin is charcterized by relative enrichment of Al₂O₃, K₂ O, FeO(T) and MgO. Besides, anomalous concentrations of U, Th Y andZr have also been absorbed uranium in the palaeosol indicate the presence of anomalous uranium in the system and post-formation solution activity.

^ssc3 illus, 3 tables, 6 ref

020078   Tiwari M;Pant C C (NO, Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, 33-General Mahadeo Singh Road, Dehra Dun-248 001) : Neoproterozoic silicified microfossils in Infra Krol Formation, lesser Himalaya, India. Himalayan Geol 2004, 25(1), 1-21.

Chert nodules from the black pyritiferous shale of Infrakrol formation contain well-preserved prokaryotic and eukaryotic organic-walled microfossils as well as early multicellular microfossils. The assemblage comprises cyanobacterial filaments, cocoids, large acanthomorphic acritarchs, thallophytic remains of red algae, sponge spicule-like structures, and vase-shaped microfossils. Among these, large acanthomorphic acritarchs and thallophytic remains of red algae are age-diagnostic, suggesting an early Vendian age for the Infrakrol Formation. The assemblage resembles the early Vendian microbiotic assemblages from China, Svalbard, east central Siberia, and Australia. The Infrakrol microbiota provides and additional evidence for a pre-Ediacaran radiation of spine bearing phytoplanktonic eukaryotic microorganisms.

8 illus, 142 ref

020077   Tiwari G S;Tiwari R N;Singh K N (Petrology Division, Geological Survey of India, Lucknow-226024) : SEM surface microtextures of quartz grains from Ganga and Yamuna river sediments Allahabad, U.P.. J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(5), 515-21.

Quartz rain surface features of recent sediments samples collected from vertical profiles developed in channel bar, point bar and natural levee deposits aroound the confluence of the Ganga and Yamuna rivesr at Allahabad, UP, were examined under the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The study reveals the existence of several surface features as a results of mechanical and chemical action on the quartz grains. In channel bar and point bar deposites, mechanical features like low relief, v-shaped impact pits of coalescing nature and conchoidal feature are dominating surface testures, which indicate the high-energy fluviatile depositional environment.Feaures like surface pits and surface solution are common in quartz grains from natural levee deposits. These surface textures owe their origin to chemical dissolution, which is possible only in low energy conditions associated with the deposition of natural levee and flood plain deposits.

5 illus, tables, 13 ref

020076   Thakur V C;Pandey A K (NO, Wadia Institute of himalayan Geology, Dehra Dun-248 001) : Active deformation of Himalayan frontal thrust and piedmont zone south of Dehradun in respect of seismotectonics of Garhwal Himalaya. Himalayan Geol 2004, 25(1), 23-31.

In the foreland propagating Himalayan fold-thrust belt the Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT) is recognized as the southernmost active ramp on the main decollement fault. It separates the Siwalik range front from the alluvium plain. We have recognized an active fault, designated as the Piedmont Fault (PF), ~ 15 km south of the HFT separating the piedmont zone from the alluvial plain along the Solani river north of Roorkee. This fault is recognized as a NW-SE trending lineament on the IRS-IC LISS III and PAN images and aerial photo. On the ground it is marked by an abrupt break in dissected topography of uplifted piedmont zone with 10-15 m high scarp and a sharp knee-bend turn of the streams. The uplift of the piedmont zone is related to displacement on the Piedmont Fault, which developed as leading edge imbricate of the HFT. The PF emerges on the surface in this case but it may remain a bling fault in other places. The active deformation in the HFT. The PF emerges on the surface surface in this case but it may remain a blind fault in other places. The active deformation in the FHFT zone fits well with the seismotectonic model of the Himalaya, which suggests that the great to large earthquakes nucleate in the locked segment near the northern seismicity belt and propagate south to the range front producting active deformation along the HFT and associated PF.

6 illus, 40 ref

020075   Singh A K;Parkash B;Manchanda M L (P & OD, Ministry of Interior, PSHQ, , Police Fort, P. Box 13, Kingdom of Bahrain) : Tectonic geomorphology of the Dehradun valley using digital terrtain models and optically stimulated luminescence dating. Himalayan Geol 2004, 25(1), 59-78.

The digital terrain models (DTMs) like digital elevation models, 3-D perspective views, slope and aspect maps, crossprofiles have been used to decipher and map tectonic geomorphological aspects like geomorphological zones, faults, pediments and terraces, and segmentation of hillslopes and stream profiles. The Main Boundary Thrust and related Santaurgarh and Bhauwala thrusts form the boundaries of the major geomorphological units: the Lesser Himalaya (LH), Dissected Siwalik Hills (DSH), Pedimented Siwalik Hills (PSH) and Piedmont Plain (PP), occurring from north to south and are still active. Three major pediment surfaces are recognised from the area which represent periods of tectonic quiescence. This is the first detailed report of pediments from the Himalaya. Dating of sediments overlying terraces and pediments using optically stimulated luminescenece technique suggests that during the period 30 ka to present, uplift rate decreases from the LH in the north to the PSH (marked by a probable uplift rate of 3.6 mm yr in its northern part). During the period 10 ka to present, the PP also shows a higher uplift in the north that decrease to the south (marked by a probable uplift rate of 2.9 mm/yr in its middle part). Cross-faults divide the valley into three structural blocks, marked by decreasing subsidence from west to east during the late Pleistocene and Holocene.

3 illus, 3 tables, 58 ref

020074   Sellamuthu K M;Nataranjan S;Sivasamy R;Mani S (Dep of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ., Coimbatore -641003) : Depthwise distrubtion of nutrients in sugarcane growing areas of Uttiramerur taluk, Tamil Nadu. J envir Res 2001, 11(1), 47-50.

A study was carried out to investigate the depthwise distribution of available macro and micronutrients in sugarcane growing soild of Uttiramerur taluk, Kancheepurama district at Tamil Nadu. Because of the variations in the physico-chemical properties, the distribution pattern of macro and micronutrients differed in the soils of the present study. As a result, increased or decreased distribution pattern was observed for these nutrients in selected pedons. Decrease of Alk, KMnO₄-N in Pl, P2 and P6; decrease of Olsen-P in P9; increase of NH₄ O Ac-K in P4, decrease of NH₄O Ac-K in P10 was observed. Decrease in DTPA-Fe and DTPA-Zn in P4; increase of DTPA-Mn in P9 and P10 decrease fo DTPA-Mn in P1 and P5; increase of DTPA-Cu in P4 and decrease of DTPA-Cu in P2,P3, P5 and P9 were also recorded. The reamining pedons did not show such regular trend in the distribution of nutrients.

1 table, 6 ref

020073   Rao M S;Fareeduddin;Godhawari K S;Suresh Chander;Sisodia C P (PROD Divsion, AMSE Wing, Geological Survey of India, Eshwar Nagar, Bangalore-560082) : Carbonaceous metaexhalite of shugitic affinity in Palaceoproterozoic aravalli supergroup, Dugocha area Rajasthan. J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(5), 522-32.

The Palaeoproterozoic Debari Group of Aravalli Supergroup near Dugocha, Rajasthan exposes, carbonalbite tourmaline bearing exhalite rock termed carbonaceous metaxhalite. This unit occurs within dolomites of Jagpura Formatin and hosts gold-bismuth bearing sulphide mineralisation either within it or along dolomite-metaxhalite contact zones. Polyphase deformation and mineral recrystallisation under green schis facies of metamorphis characterise these rocks. Geochemically the carbonaceous metaxhalites have a wide silica range (51 wt%to 63 wt%) and high total alkali (7.85 wt % to 13.20 wt%). EPMA studies of silicates indicate that the main feldspar in the rock is albite and the tourmalines are richer in titanium and chromium. The associated sulphides possess high salinity fluid inclusions (up to 19 wt % NaCl equivalent and δ³⁴ isotopic value of 12-14 permil. The latter values match well with those of the modern hydrotherms along Discovery Deep Median trench of Red Sea. The most outstanding features of the rock is abundant carbon and its distribtuion pattern vis-a-vis associated siliates. The carbon distributed mainly as tiny graphite flakes of low order crystallinity ofen exeeds 30% by voluem and analyses upto 15% by weight. There is an intimate intergrowth of the carbonaceous matter and the composite silicates that gives unique identityto the rock as for the texture and constituents minerals. These features together with their similar age and geological set-up have been discussed in terms of these rocks being similar to the multi-utility carbonaceous rocks with high economic signfiicance found in Shunga Region, Karelia, Russia called Shugites. These high sodacarbon rocks are interpreted as metamorphic products of mixed volcanic-clastic-exhalite facies rocks or the metamorphosed product of the original soda-carbonate volcanic flows during initial stages of Aravalli ensilic rits.

7 illus, 3 tables, 23 ref

020072   Ramasubramanian V;Jeyaprakash R;Ruby Mallika D A;Ramasubbu R;Mariappan V (Plant Biology and Plant Biotech Dep, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal Coll, Sivakasi-624 123) : Analysis of physico-chemical characteristics of ground water quality and quality index in and round Sivakasi Town. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2004, 8(1), 171-6.

Sivakasi is an industrial town in Virudhunagar district, Tamilnadu, has many industries such as match, plate making, plate grinding, dye, fireworks, etc. These industries discharge their effluents to the surroundings. There are twenty villages were identified within the radius of about 8 kim around Sivakasi. In all these places, ground water is used for drinking, domestic and irrigational purposes. The effluents discharged from the industries have caused ground water pollution. In the present study, various physico-chemical parameters of twenty places in the around Sivakasi were analysed. The results indicate unsuitability of the ground water bodies in and around sivakasi based on their water quality parameters were inferred.

1 table, 11 ref

020071   Raina A K;Chakraborty A K;Bandopadhay C (Central Mining Research Institute, Regional Centre, 3rd Floor, MECL complex, Seminary Hills, Nagpur-440006) : Deterioration of insitu rock mass due to spontaneous combustion in cola mines Majri opencast mine, WCL, Nagpur. J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(5), 565-7.

2 illus, tables ref

020070   Priyadarshi N (Dep of Geology, Ranchi Univ, Ranchi-834-008, Jharkhand) : Distribution of aresnic in permian coals of north Karanpura coalfield Jharkhand. J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(5), 533-6.

The North Karanpura coalfield a western most member in the east-west chain of the Damodar Valley Basin, forms a large expanse of coal bearing sediments spread over Hazaribagh, Ranchi and Palamau districts of Jharkhand State. It covers a total area of around 1230 sq. km. For the arsenic study, samples of coal from Badam, Kerendari, KDH, Rohini, Dakra and Karkatta were analaysed. Molybdenum-blue Coloimetry was used as the chemical technique for arsenic determinatin as recommended by the International Standard Orgnisation. Concentration of arsenic in coal samples range from <60>0.01 to 0.49 ppm with an arithmetic mean of 0.15 ppm. Concentration of arsenic is very low compared to most world coals. Average ash% is very high (up to 32.51%). In natural water aresenic varies from <60>0.001 ppm to 0.002 ppm and it is far below the drinking water specification (0.05 ppm). In sediments, it varies from 0.2 ppm to 2.0 ppm. In the study area arsenic is mainly confined to the surface water and sediments nearer to the mining area.

^ssc1 illus, 2 tables 8 ref

020069   Pandey P;Pandey A K (NO, Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehra Dun-248 001) : Soft sediment deformation features in the meizoseismal region of 1999-Chamoli earthquake of Garhwal Himalaya and their significance. Himalayan Geol 2004, 25(1), 79-87.

In Himalaya most of the microseismicity and moderate earthquakes are confined to the zone south of Main Central thrust in Himalaya. The soft sediments in the river terrace and point bar deposits show deformation in the meizoseismal regionof 199-Chamoli earthquake (Mb 6.3). Liquefaction features formed under normal and reverse density gradient system like flames, drops, pseudonodules, ball-and-pillows, slumps and sand dykes in inter layered sand and silt (mud) along with the faults are observed. These deformation features are widely distributed over the area at different levels of sediment column in the region. This suggests a triggering agent of more regional nature, like earthquake, was responsible for the formation of these features.

6 illus, 27 ref

020068   Pal A K;Mishra M N;Chhatri K K (Hemantika 0/26, Patuli Township, , Kolkata-700094) : First report of farly proterozonic microfossils from the bijawar group of rocks in harda district, Madhya Pradesh. J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(5), 540-4.

In the course of microscopic examinatin of the recrystallised quartz arenites (locally named chert breccia) from the Bijawar rocks in Harda district, M.P., a number of organic bodies, mainly filaments and solitary spherodis and polygonal bodies, were detected by the authors early in 1994. Thin sections of these rocks were re-examined and the presence of microfossils in the above rocks were confirmed. Remnants of filamentous cyanobacteria belonging to the genera Gunflintia, Archaeorestis,and solitary spherical and polygonal bodies including Eosphaera, Huroniospora andsome new forms were noted in the thin sections of these rocks. The Gunfilintia-Huroniospora-Archaeorestis assemblade in know from the Gunflint chert of Ontario, Canada, from Early Proterozoic horzons, and the equivalents are known from the Franceville Group fo Gabon, S. Africa and in the other parts of the world. The finding of these froms in the Bijawar rocks helps in assigning the age of these horizons as Lower Proterozoic (commonly known as belonging to Lower to Middle Proterozoic).

^ssc1 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

020067   Nath D;Mishra R N;Mandal S;Saha K;Biswas D K (Central Inland Fisheries Res Inst, , Barrackpore, West Bengal-700 120) : Heavy metal contents in sundarban estuaries. J Inld Fish Soc India 2003, 35(1), 78-84.

Heavy metal contents in water and sediments of seven Sundarban estuaries in West Bengal were studied for two year (April 2000 - March 2002). The study revealed that the concentration of zinc, copper, manganese and iron in water is with in permissible limits. Cadmium and lead contents were slightly above the premissible range and chromium content occasionally showed higher values in some estuaries. Wherease in sediments, iron content was very high, followed by manganese and zinc. The contents in sediments were comparatively lower for lead, chromium, copper and cadmium. However, the heavy metals in soils were mostly insoluble bound state and very low quantities were liberated to water phase by soil water exchange.

3 tables, 13 ref

020066   Nagar R P;Jayalal;Fareeuddin;Sivaskaran S S; Harpavat C L (Geological survey of India, Project Gold, Jaipur-302004) : Gold mineralisation in salumbar-parsola area of Aravalli fold belt of Southeastern Rajasthan. J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(5), 494-506.

Exoploration work during 1993-97 1000 km² area extending from Salumbar to Parsola has led to recognition of several gold bearing zones in almost all horizons of lower Aravalli sequence starting right from basal quartzite to pebbly/schist/conglomerate except perhaps in schistose rocks. In gernal, gold content of lowermost rocks like basal quartzite and meta-basalts is lower (mean gold:90 ppb and 106 ppb respectively) than the gold contents of rocks of upper horizons like dolomitic marble-I, dolomitic marble-II and composite-gneiss (mean gold ppb, 361 ppb, 191 ppb respectively). In addition to locating gold mineralisation in Rajpura, Padwa, Kukra, Dhaulimagri, Bhungabhat, Amalva-Dagocha-Rathri, Barasarpatia and Mokpura areas in dolomite marble, potential gold zones in sheared quartzite and gneiss are identified in Bhabrana, Navagaon,Dhuntamagra and Jaitana-Mandli areas, Gold mineralisation its shear controlled and is associated with structural elements of bothe the frist and second deformations. Vast gold potential of Aravalli fold belt (AFB) has been indicated by the presence of deep-rooted faults, boron bearing rocks/minerals, silicificatin/jasperization and highly anomalous gold contents in stream sediment (up to 910 ppb) and inthogeochemical samples (mean: 301 ppb, maximum 6500 ppb).

2 illus, 1 table, 65 ref

020065   Murkute Y A (Postgraduate Dep of Geology, Nagpur Univ, Law College square, Nagpur-440001) : Aggradational climbing dune laminations from kamthi sendstones of umrer coalfield. J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(5), 537-9.

Aggradational cllimbing dune laminations are first time noted from Kamthi sandstones of Umrer coalfiedl, Nagpur districts, Maharashtra. Such laminations are characteristic of the lower flow regime, whree the resistence to the flow is large. The high resistance to the flow is related to the avilability of large sediment volume, short distance of sediment transport and rapid deposition.

^ssc3 illus, tables 10 ref

020064   Marechal J C;Wyns R;Lachassagne P;Subramanyam K (BRGM, Water Dep Unit (Water resources discontinous media)-Info-Frech, Centre for Groundwater Research National Geophysical Research Institut, Uppal Raod, Hyderabad-500007) : Vertical anisotropy of hydraulic conductivity in the fissured layer of hard rock aquifers due to the geological patterns of weathering profiles. J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(5), 545-50.

Pumping tests carried out at the Maheswaram watershed area near Hyderabad in the fissured layer of a grantic hard-rock aquifer and interpreted at the observatoin wells by means of the analytical solution of Neuman (1975) and at the pumping wells using the thory of Gringarten (1972), show the vertical anisotropy of this layer of the aquifer; the horzontal permeability being clearly and systematically higher than the vertical permeability. These results perfectly agree with the geological observatons that the fissured layer of the weathered grantie profile shows the esistence of many sub-horizontal fractures. It confirms the dominant role, within the fissured layer, of the permeability of fractures due to the weathering process over that of fissures with a tectonic origin.

^ssc4 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref

020063   Joshi B K;Kothayari B P;Bhandari N S (G.B.Pant Insitute of Himalayan Environment & Devleopment, , Kosi-Katarmal, Almora-263643) : Ionic dynamics in rivulet waters of Gomti basin a case study from central Himalaya. J envir Res 2001, 11(1), 3-6.

A field study was conducted to assess the variation in physico-chemical characterstics of water of rivulets of Gomti basin watershed in Kumaon Himalayan region. The rivulets are mainly used from drinking, irrigation and other domestic uses. The sampling from the four rivulets was carried out from March 1997 to Feb.1998. The ionic status of the rivulets studied was found unsuitable for drinking, cooking, bathing and washing purposes without treatment. However, it was found suitable for irrigation in terms of the parameters studied.

2 tables, 9 ref