020531   Shastry R A;Patil B S;Hukkeri V I;Karadi R V; Savadi R V (Soniya college of paramacy, S.R. Nagar, Dharwad-580 002) : Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of bark extract of Butea monosperma. Indian J nat Prod 2007, 23(4), 15-18.

Ethanolic and petroleum ether extracts of Butea monosperma which is traditionally used in the treatment of inflammation and fracture was screened for its anti-inflammatory activity. Petroleum ether extract showed significant activity as compared to ethanolic extract.

1 table, 9 ref

020530   Sharma V K;Mishra S K;Mishra R K;Tamilselvan P;Malmarugan S (Dep of veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal-637 002, Email: micromals@rediffmail.com ) : Occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni in broilers from retail outlets. J Vet Publ Hlth 2007, 57(3-4), 35-6.

Isolation of campylobacter jejuni from 47 surface swabs and 55 cloacal swabs of broiles from retail outlets in and around Namakkal was attempted. A total of 28 isolates were obtained giving an overall incidence of 27.45% for C. jejuni in this area. Out of 47 meat surface swabs and 55 cloacal swabs 11(23.4%) and 17(30.9%), respectively, were positive for C. jejuni. Isolates were sensitive to nalidixic acid, gentamicin and enrofloxacin.

7 ref

020529   Sharma D K;Thapar V K;Paul S (Processing and Food Engineering Dep, Punjab Agrcultural University, Ludhiana-141 004, Email: dksharma134@yahoo.co.in) : Use of biogas from animal dung for control of Collosobruchus maculatus Fabricius. J Insect Sci 2007, 20(2), 169-73.

Biogas was evaluated for its efficacy against Callosobruchus maculatus in green gram stored in PVC bins over a period of six months. Six-day exposure was applied periodically. Complete adult mortality was recorded in the treated bins against 20.7 to 29.0 per cent survival in the control. Egg hatch was significantly affected in the treated bins. Significantly low weight loss was recorded at the end of storage period in treated bins (0.98%) compared to control bins (4.25%). Significantly low alcoholic acidity; FFA and uric acid contents were observed in treated samples. Germination and cooking qualities of the fumigated grains did not show any adverse influence.

4 illus, 13 ref

020528   Sharief M U (NO, Botanical Survey of India, National Orchidarium & Experimental Garden, Yercaud 636 602, Email: sharief bsi@yahoo.co) : Tribal artifacts of Nicobari folk of Nicobar Archipelago. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2008, 7(1), 42-9.

Studies on material cultures of aboriginal tribes of Andaman & Nicobar Archipelago are rather scanty. Nicobari culture represents true psyche of the Mongoloid race and their cultural life is illustrative. They show excellent craftsmanship in making various tribal artifacts and are skilled artisans, house builders, carpenters, carvers and potters. Ethnobotanical information of Nicobari tribe pertaining to hut building, canoe making, brooms & mats preparation, sitting stage making and pandanus fruit processing are presented besides highlighting their ethnoecological and cultural influences.

020527   Shafiq M;Rajinder Singh;Sawhney N (Dep of Zoology, Univ of Jammu, J & K, ) : Ichthyofaunal diversity and water quality of Shivalik stream, Anji, J&K. Proc Zool Soc India 2008, 7(1), 39-47.

Investigation has been carried from January, 2006 to December, 2006 for Anji stream, located in Reasi tehsil of district Udhampur in Jammu province. this vary stream is a major tributary of Chenab river system and enters into it at 33°04'38" E longitude. fish diversity on this cold water stream has been studied in detail with its annual physico-chemical dynamics. Twenty five species of fishes were recorded, which belonged to 16 genera and 4 families. This vary stream was characterized by less variant temperature differentiation, high DO concentration, alkaline waters, less FCO₂ concentration, sparse vegetation and food, with fairly good turbidity which is an idication of favourable envirionment for growth, sustainability and perpetuation of specific species.

2 tables, 20 ref

020526   Sarkar J (NO, , 3, Ferryfan Road, HB Town, Sodepur, Kolkata-700110, Email: sarkar_jayanta@yahoo.com) : Traditional handicrafts of Ang tribes (Jarawa) of Andaman Islands. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2008, 7(1), 37-41.

Traditional handicrafts of the tribes of India are generally prepared out of resources available in their immediate ecology, where they inhabit. Traditional knowledge applied in the entire process of preparation of most of the handicrafts, as per the needs of these people, is inherited from their forefathers. Handicrafts of the Ang (Jarawa), hunter-gatherer tribes of the South and Middle Andaman Islands and the processes involved in preparation of such items have been discussed in the paper. Their hunting-gathering implements, the only handicrafts available with this foraging tribe not only reveal the eco-friendly nature of this small population, these also establish their astonishing capacity of intimate observation with regard to the nature and characters of surrounding flora and fauna those are most suitable in producing the handicrafts essential for survival against many odds. These further indicate their intelligent, aesthetic sense as well as innovative mind of the population, who remained in complete isolation till recent past. TK in respect of such a population living in the Bay Islands, who identify themselves as Ang tribes and called by the outsiders as the Jarawa tribes is discussed.

020525   Rathakrishnan T;Anandaraja N;Ramasubramanian M;Kalai Selvan S (Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology Dep, Agricultural College & Research Institute, Madurai 625 104, Email: anandaraja_n@rediffmail.com) : Traditional products and practices of indigenous people inhabiting Ramanathapuram district of Tamil Nadu. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2008, 7(1), 23-6.

Traditional knowledge plays a crucial role in establishing sustainable relationship between man and nature in the society more dependent on natural environment for their varied needs. A study was undertaken to document the indigenous products and practices related to non-farming livelihood activities of Ramanathapuram district. The data was collected with the help of focused group discussion and practitioner participatory approach. Indigenous materials with respect to non-farming livelihood activities of the people of Ramanathapuram district such as palm leaf products, traditional fishing devices and charcoal making process (Mootam) are discussed.

020524   Puri A K;Chaturvedi A (Botany Dep, TRM, Nagpur University, Nagpur-440 033) : Ethnobotanical approach on wild plants for manufacturing musical instruments by Gond and Korku tribes of Vidarbha. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2008, 7(1), 138-40.

Music and dancing are important part of Gond and Korku tribals inhabiting in Vidarbha region. These aboriginals make a variety of musical instruments from the natural products available around them. Musical instruments include drums, flute, dholki and small cymbals, etc. The study of musical culture among the tribals is an interesting line of investigation as this can open a new path of employment among them. The paper deals with the ethnobotanical survey on wild plants used by Gondu and Korku tribes for manufacturing musical instruments.

020523   Prakash J W;Raja R D A;Anderson N A;Williams C;Regini G S;Bensar K;Rajeev R;Kiruba S;Jeeva S;Das S S M (Research Centre in Botany, Scott Christian College, Nagercoil-629 003, Email: sambiocontrol@gmail.com) : Ethnomedicinal plants used by Kani tribes of Agasthiyarmalai biosphere reserve, southern Western Ghats. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2008, 7(3), 410-3.

Deals with some less known ethnomedicinal uses of 15 plant species belonging to 13 families. These plants are used as effective remedies by tribals of Agasthiyamalai region of southern Western Ghats.

020522   Pourvaghar M J (Physical Education Dep, Kanshan Univ, Kashan, Iran, Email: vaghar@kashanu.ac.ir) : Changes of cholesterol and triglyceride in human serum after aerobic activity. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(2), 1059-64.

Some specialists supposed that cholesterol and triglyceride could play an effective role in creating cardiovascular diseases. But, in spite of the numerous researches in the field, the question of whether or not triglyceride can lead to cardiovascular disease is still there. Instead, cholesterol has been recognized as a deleterious factor. Medical research findings indicate that there is a strong relationship between too much cholesterol in the blood or cholesterol serum and the possibility of heart coronary disease. In the study, 15 male physical education students with average age of 24.2 ± 2.17 and average weight of 64.93 ± 5.12 kg and the average height of 171.6 ± 5.69 cm voluntarily participated in this quasi-experimental research. They were then formally invited to take part in the experiment by the specialists. Given the fact that the observed triglyceride (2.560) was found to be smaller than the critical triglyceride (2.997), it can be concluded that an aerobic activity (a single-session. 20 min jog) leads to no meaningful changes in the blood cholesterol rate. After activity, the blood serum cholesterol rate of athletics had increased 3.74% in comparison with the blood serum cholesterol rate before activity. Furthermore, observed triglyceride (0.95) was smaller than critical triglyceride (2.997). It can be concluded that an aerobic activity leads to no meaningful changes in the blood triglyceride rate. After activity, their blood serum triglyceride rate had increased (3.44%) in comparison with the blood serum cholesterol rate before activity. There was no the acceptable correlation between their relative weight and their triglyceride and cholersterol rate. The obtained correlation (Pearson coefficient of correlation) computed at cholesterol rate and their relative weight in fasting conditions was (0.403) and also triglyceride and their relative weight (0.491). It can be concluded that there is an average correlation between measured factors and their relative weight.

ref

020521   Pavana P;Manoharan S;Renju G L;Sethupathy S (Biochemistry Dep. Faculty of Science, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar-608 002, Email: manshisak@yahoo.com) : Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of Tephrosia purpurea leaf extract in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. J envir Biol 2007, 28(4), 833-7.

Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide leading metabolic syndrome, associated with profound alterations in carbohydrate, lipids, lipoproteins and protein metabolisms. Worldwide, traditional practitioners for the treatment of diabetes and its complications use a wide variety of medicinal plants. The aqueous extract of Tephrosia purpurea leaves (TpALet) was evaluated for its antihyper glycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Profound alterations in the concentrations of blood glucose, lipids and lipoproteins were observed in diabetic rats. Oral administration of TpALet to diabetic rats at a dose of 600 mg/kg body weight significantly reduced the level of blood glucose and increased the level of plasma insulin as well as normalized the lipids and lipoproteins profile. The study thus demonstrated that TpALet has prominent antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

5 table, 36 ref

020520   Pattanaik C;Reddy C S;Dhal N K (Forestry and Ecology Div, National Remote Sensing Agency, Hyderabad-500 037, Email: jilu2000@rediffmail.com) : Phytomedicinal study of coastal sand dune species of Orissa. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2008, 7(2), 263-8.

The coastal sand dune species of Orissa bears high cultural and ecological utility. Unfortunately, the dune vegetation has been extensively modified by human activity. Ethnobotanical survey was conducted among Savaras, Santals and other local communities, in sand dune vegetation of 6 coastal districts of Orissa during 2002-2004. A total of 55 plants have been collected and their popular uses are listed. Due to continuous loss of coastal vegetation, the associated indigenous knowledge with them is also gradually disappearing. So, it is imperative to protect and restore the dune vegetation, as an immediate priority.

020519   Panda T;Padhy R N (NO, Kalahandi Institute for Tribology and Ethnobiology, Jilingdar, Dedar-766 014, Email: kite_kld@yahoo.co.in) : Ethnomedicinal plants used by tribes of Kalahandi district, Orissa. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2008, 7(2), 242-9.

Ethnomedicinal survey on the traditional knowledge of aboriginal tribes and other non-tribal communities of 400 sq km of Kalahandi district, Orissa and a comparison of the data with the available literature revealed that out of the recorded 111 flowering plants of 60 families, 49 plants have new uses that were not known here before. Moreover, different uses of known 62 more plants are recorded with new uses. These 111 plants are in use against 42 human ailments. They use the plant parts as infusions, decoctions and powders.

020518   Nagendra Babu G;Ranjani R;Fareeda G;Murthy S D S (Biochemistry Dep, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517 502) : Heavy metal binding polypeptides in plants and their role in metal detoxification. J phytol Res 2007, 20(1), 1-6.

Heavy metals are a very heterogenous group of elements varying in chemical properties and biological functions. In plants the heavy metal binding polypeptides are synthesized which are induced by heavy metals. These have distinct homology to animal metallothioneins and are called as phytochelatins. Glutathione serves as a precursor of phytochelatins. Phytochelatin synthase is the enzyme which is activated by the heavy metal cations CD, Ag, Bi, Pb, Zn, Cu, Hg and Au and is completely inactive in their absence. Its activity can be inhibited in the presence of buthionine sulfoximine. Phytochelatins are involved in metal homeostasis, detoxification and sulfur metabolism.

2 illus, 1 table, 40 ref

020517   Murugan K;Ramachandran V S;Swarupanandan K; Remesh M (Botany Dep, University College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala) : Socio-cultural perspectives to the sacred groves and serpentine worship in Palakkad district, Kerala. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2008, 7(3), 455-62.

Sacred groves (kavukal) are seen through out Kerala, having varied forms, cultural practices and belief systems. The vegetation in the groves is highly varied viz. mangroves, fresh water swamps, or other tropical forest types. Deities worshipped in the groves are also highly varied. One such type is the sacred grove dedicated to serpent God and serpent worship is considered to be one of the oldest and most prevalent forms of nature worship in the world. While serpent worship is seen through out India, only in Kerala, people worship serpent in the sacred groves dedicated to them called, Sarpa kavu. The study brought out three broad types of groves in Palakkad, viz. the primitive, the recent and the sacraments devoid of groves. Worship, rites and rituals associated with the grove include both primitive ones like Noorum palum, Kalemezhuthupattu and the Vedic types like Sarpa bali and Payasa homam. Beside these, the myths and beliefs associated with serpent worship are also discussed in detail. The study brings to light the existence of groves devoid of any vegetation, indicating that sacred groves can be relicts from a past socio-cultural epoch, which served to transmit the cultural heritage generations from pre-historic time. Conservation of natural resources in the past involved many taboos, rituals and other religious practices and sacred groves was such a traditional socio-cultural mechanism aiming at nature conservation that integrated socio-cultural aspects for conservation.

020516   Manjunatha H;Prabha R;Krishna R;Shankar P A (Dairy Microbiology Dep, Dairy Science College, KVAFSU, Hebbal, Bangalore-560 024) : Characterization of enzyme obtained from Aspergillus flavus by solid state fermentation technique. Indian J Dairy Sci 2007, 60(6), 405-7.

The culture of Aspergillus flavus TDM 4 produced both proteinase and lipase out of the mold cultures namely Aspergillus niger RM2, Mucor racemosus TDM5; Rhizopus stolonifer HM11; Pencillium caseicolum 29111; Trichoderma lignorum GM 25 screened for enzyme activities. The crude enzyme was extracted by growing the mold on wheat bran medium at 30°C for 48 h. The proteinase and lipase activities of Aspergillus flavus TDM 4 were maximum at 25°C-30°C andpH 6.6.

1 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

020515   Manithottam J;Francis M S (NO, Spices Board, Government of India, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Sugandha Bhavan, Cochin-682 025, Email: msfrancisman@yahoo.co.uk) : Preparation of Maravuri from Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.) Lesch. by Muthuvans of Kerala. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2008, 7(1), 74-6.

Tribal populations of Kerala are rich in ethnobotanical information. Muthuvan tribes of Idukki district are experts in preparing Maravuri, a type of cloth from the bark tree Aranjali [Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.) Lesch.].This skilled work was carried out after constructing tall supports around the tree, require much experience. The cork is carefully removed with a sharp knife; bark is softened by beating with wooden hammers, and separated and cured by sun drying. It is used as bed spread. As modernization is fast progressing, the new generation is unaware of the technical know how to prepare the bark for cloth. So, it is highly important to record and preserve such valuable information.

020514   Khan M A;Siddiqui M B (Botany Dep, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh-202 002, Email: moin_a_khan11@yahoo.co.in) : Development of rays in some citrus species. Vegetos 2007, 20(2), 9-11.

The rays arise as single cells cut as terminal segments or lateral segments of the fusiform initials. They may also arise by the transverse segmentation of the fusiform initials.

6 illus, 28 ref

020513   Khan A V;Khan A A (Botany Dep, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202 002, Email: viqarvicky@rediffmail.com) : Ethnomedicinal uses of Eclipta prostrta Linn.. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2008, 7(2), 316-20.

Present communication records ethnomedicinal uses of Eclipta prostrta (L.) Linn. gathered from 5 districts of western Uttar Pradesh. It also presents the results of the screening of 5 Eclipta prostrta crude extracts for antibacterial activity against 18 human pathogenic bacteria. Standard methods of ethnobotanical explorations were followed and first hand information was collected by interviewing traditional medicine men / wise women. Antibacterial activity was determined by Standard Disk Diffusion method. A total of 33 claims were recorded from the study area. An attempt has been made to correlate the ethnomedicinal claims, gathered in this study with the already known pharmacological properties and antibacterial activity of crude extracts of this species. Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts showed antibacterial activity against maximum number of bacteria tested, followed by aqueous, benzene and petrol extracts.

020512   Karunakar Rao P;Suvartha C (Botany Dep, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506 009) : Direct regeneration from cotyledon culture of Lycopersicon esculetun Mill. J phytol Res 2007, 20(1), 67-70.

Cotyledonexplants of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Pusaruby) cultured on MS medium supplemented with different auxins like IAA, NAA, and 2,4-D produced callus whereas callusing was more pronounced in IAA followed by NAA, while 2,4,-D gave little response. Cytokinin alone produced callus with shoot primordia developed from cut edges. BAP alone showed better response in shoot differentiation than Kn. Among various combinations of auxins and cytokinins IAA+BAP and IAA + Kn produced green nodular callus with shoots whereas, NAA+Kn and NAA + BAP produced only callus. The percentage of responding cultures, and mean number of shoots per ex-plant produced on IA4 (0.5 mg/l) + BAP (4.5 and 5.0 mg/l) were higher than all the concentrations and combinations of IAA+Kn used. However, maximum number of shoots were observed at 0.5 mg/l IAA + 5.0 mg/l BAP. Microshoots were rooted on MS basal medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l IAA.

1 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

020511   Kanp U K;Bhakat R K;Das R K;Bhattacharjee A (Botany Dep, Forestry, Vidyasagar Univ, Midnapore-721 102, Email: rkbhakat@rediffmail.com) : Allelopathic effects of Amaranthus. J envir Sociobiol 2007, 4(2), 215-21.

Allelopathic effects of Amaranthus spinosus on normal and forcedly aged seeds were established from some reliable physiological and biochemical parameters. Leaf extract and leachate of Amaranthus strongly reduced the percentage and speed of germination in both acceleratedly aged and non-aged seeds. While sugar and amino acid levels were rapidly increased in the leachate of seeds pretreated with leaf extract and leachate, protein and RNA levels and catalase and dehydrogenase activities were significantly reduced. Inhibitory action was much more prominent in aged seed samples than nonaged ones. The present paper thus discusses this differential allelopathic action at normal and stressful (accelerated ageing) conditions.

5 tables 25 ref

020510   Kamboj M L;Singh A;Prasad S (Dairy Cattle Breeding Div, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal (Haryana)-132 001) : Effect of undder and teat shapes and their measurements on somatic cell counts in milk of Karan fries cows. Indian J Dairy Sci 2007, 60(6), 435-40.

The effect of various shapes of udder and teat shapes; their measurements, body condition score, parity, stage of lactation and level of milk production on the somatic cell counts (SCO in milk was studied on 159 lactating Karan-Fries cows maintained at National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal (Haryana). The overall mean SCO per ml of milk was significantly higher in hindquarters of the udder (216687 ± 8461.81) than in forequarters (164867 ± 6231.50). The pendulous shaped udders had significantly higher mean SCO (363187±2701.00 /ml) than the udders with other shapes. The mean SCO in quarters with cylindrical teats was significantly higher (231074± 1092.01 /ml) than in quarters with other shapes of teat. The mean SCC was significantly higher (259522 ± 29536.15 / ml) in udders with lengths greater than 65cm, widths greater than 76cm (241717±31123.88 /ml), circumference greater than 110 cm (210928 ± 29039.87 / ml) and depths more than 24 cm (290421±44067.26 / ml). The SCO was significantly higher (196989± 15417.11 /ml) in quarters with teat lengths more than 7 cm and teat circumference more than 9 cm (201924± 1761.03 / ml). The coefficients of correlation between udder and teat measurements and SCC were significant. The SCC significantly increased from the third parity onwards. The overall mean SCC was significantly higher at late stage (211846± 1239.11/ ml) than at early (162884 ± 692.12 / ml) and mid stage of lactation (189425<145>1764.41/ml). The mean SCC was significantly higher in high yielding cows (231524±5213.76/ml) than in medium (205261 ±1101.72 /ml) and low yielding cows (192461 ±8313.01 / ml). The body condition score had negative correlation with SCC. The results indicated that the selection of crossbred cows against pendulous and unduly large udders, udders with cylindrical teats of larger length and circumference may help in reducing SCC in milk and improve the udder health and milk quality.

4 tables, 16 ref

020509   Jain A;Katewa S S;Galav P;Nag A (Laboratory of Ethnobotany and Agrostology, Botany Dep, College of Scie, ML Sukhadia University, Udaipur-313 001, Email: anitajain_02@rediffmail.com) : Some therapeutic uses of biodiversity among the tribals of Rajasthan . Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2008, 7(2), 256-62.

Extensive ethnomedicinal survey was carried out to document the precious indigenous healthcare practices prevalent among the different ethnic groups of Rajasthan. These people belonging to primitive or aboriginal culture possess a good deal of information about medicinal utility of biodiversity. During the survey, it was noted that plant parts, animals and substances of animal origin are commonly used by the tribals to cure various diseases and disorders. Indigenous healthcare practices, provide low cost alternatives, where western healthcare services are not available or are too expensive. Analysis of data based on 72 remedies indicates that 57 remedies are based on 45 different plant species belonging to 29 families and 15 remedies are based on several substances of animal origin. A list of plant/animal species along with their part/s used and the mode of administration for effective control in different ailments are given.

020508   Jagtap S D;Deokule S S;Bhosle S V (NO, Medicinal Plant Conservation Center, Rural Communes, Pune- 411 037, Email: chiritatml@rediffmail.com) : Ethnobotanical uses of endemic and RET plants by Pawra tribe of Nandurbar district, Maharashtra. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2008, 7(2), 311-5.

Enumerates ethnobotanical uses of 28 plant species that are endemic and/or in the RET (Rare, Endangered and Threatened) category belonging to 15 families, by Pawra tribe of Nandurbar district. Plants are arranged alphabetically with their botanical name, followed by family, IUCN status, local names and uses. Efforts for conservation, cultivation and afforestation have been done with help of the state forest department and Pawra tribe for the sustainable use of such important plant species in near future.

020507   Jagtap S D;Deokule S S;Bhosle S V (NO, Medicinal Plant Conservation Center - Rural Communes, Pune-411 037, Email: chiritatml@rediffmail.com ) : Ethnomedicobotanical uses of endemic and RET plants utilised by the Korku tribe of Amravati district, Maharashtra. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2008, 7(2), 284-7.

Ethnomedicobotanical uses of 13 plant species belonging to 12 families used by the Korku tribe are given with their botanical name, local name and family. Efforts for their conservation, cultivation and afforestation for sustainable utilization of such plants in future have also been discussed.

020506   Ishtiaq M;Khan M A (Laboratory of Ethnobotany and Plant Taxonomy, Biological Sciences Dep, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan, Email: muhammad_ishtiaq2001@yahoo.com) : Ethnomedicinal inventory of plants used for family planning and sex diseases in Samahni valley, Pakistan. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2008, 7(2), 277-83.

An ethnomedicinal systematic exploration of medicinal plants of tribal area of Samahni valley was conducted. The data of ethnomedicine used by tribals for birth control and sex diseases were collected by frequent planned visits by applying semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, direct observations and biological inventories. There was a high degree of informant consensus for the species and their medicinal indications between the healers interviewed. Samahni valley is dressed up with a wide range of medicinal flora. The geographical isolation and hilly terrain has permitted the survival of folk herbal medicines still in this area. Indigenous plants are interactly associated to the culture and traditions of local people. About 36 plant species, distributed in 26 families were used to treat sexual diseases and control birth rate in Samahni valley, Pakistan. The most of these plants growing wild (55.55%) are indigenous (61.11%) and herbs (52.77%). The plant parts frequently used are seed (22.72%), root (20.45%), fruit, leaf and whole plant (9.09%). Medications are mostly prepared as decoctions and infusions. Most of species reported here are found to control family size and treat sexual diseases. People are still dependent on medicinal plants in this rural area of Samahni valley. The study enlightens how data of ethnomedicinal inventory of medicinal plants can be used effectively at local and regional level for phytochemical and pharmacological research. Due to unplanned exploitation and acculturation, the area had resulted in loss of medicinally important plant species. It was concluded that afforestation programme followed by proper protection is need of time.

020505   Ganju K;Tiwari B B;Goswami R B;Pathak A K (Pharmacy Dep, Barkatullah Univ, Bhopal-462 026) : Hepatoprotective activity of tuberous roots of Gloriosa superba. Indian J nat Prod 2007, 23(4), 8-11.

Hydroalcoholic extract of tuberous roots of Gloriosa superba was screened for its hepatoprotective activity. The extract (0.215 gm/kg ) showed significant hepatoprotective activity, when compared with Silymarin (10 mg/kg) using CCl₄ induced toxicity model in albino rats.

1 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

020504   Dawanjee S;Mazumdar R;Mazumdar A;Mandal S C (Pharmacognosy Div, Pharmaceutical Technology Jadavpur Univ, Kolkata-700 032) : Evaluation of In vitro antifungal activity of methanol extract aerial parts of Croton bonplandianus. Indian J nat Prod 2007, 23(4), 19-23.

The antifungal activity of methanol extract of the aerial part of Croton bonplandianus was compared with that of standard antifungal agent Groseofulvin. The extract was found to prosess prominesnt antifungal activity.

2 illus, 10 ref

020503   Choudhary N;Goyal R;Joshi S C (Reproductive Toxicology Unit. Zoology Dep, Rajasthan Univ, Jaipur-302 004, Email: nisha_shoudhary@yahoo.com) : Effect of malathion on reproductive system of male rats. J envir Biol 2008, 29(2), 259-62.

The pesticides are one of the most potentially harmful chemicals liberated in the environment in an unplanned manner. Malathion is widely used as a potent pesticide in many countries and has been shown to produce some adverse health effects. A study was conducted to asses the effects of malathion on the male reproductive system of wistar rats. The pesticide was administered to rats orally at dose levels of 50,150 and 250 mg/kg/body wt./day for 60 days. In comparison to the control rats, there was a significant reduction in the weight of testes, epididymis, seminal vesicle and ventral prostate. Tosticular and epididymal sperm density were decreased in the animals treated with malathion. Pre and post fertility test showed 80% negative results after treatment. Biochemical profile of the testis revealed a significant decline in the contents of sialic acid and glycogen. Whereas a significant increase in the protein content of testis and testicular cholesterol was observed. The activity of testicular enzyme acid phosphatase increased significantly, while decreased alkaline phosphatase activity was found. Malathion also suppressed the level of testosterone significantly. Results of the present study clearly suggest that malathion induce toxic effects on the male reproductive system of rats.

4 illus, 1 table, 35 ref

020502   Bindu L;Jose J K (Zoological Survey of India, M Block, New Alipore Kolkata) : Comparative study of the growth of post larvae of Macrobrachium rosenbergII using a commercial diet and laboratory prepared feeds. J envir Sociobiol 2007, 4(2), 205-8.

The effect of a commercial feed with three other laboratory formulated diets on the growth of M. rosenbergii was compared. Different feeds were prepared by replacement of animal protein in each diet, such as, clam meat (F₁), prawn waste (F₂) and fish meal (F₃). Three other common ingredients in the prepared feed were elodea powder, groundnut oil cake and rice bran. The prawn waste based feed (F₂) was found to be the best feed for the effective growth of M. rosenbergii. Also the growth was found to be significant at 1% level (p <60> 0.01) between different feeds.

2 tables, 12 ref

020501   Bhardwaj S;Gakhar S K (NO, Bhaskracharya College of Applied Sciences, Sector 2, Dwarka, New Delhi-110 045, Email: gakharsk@yahoo.co.in) : Ethnobotanicals used by tribals of Mizoram for furniture and household equipments. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2008, 7(1), 134-7.

Results of ethnobotanical studies carried out in the state of Mizoram are presented. The usage of wild plants by the native people for furniture, household equipments and fuel is described. A Mizo hut is invariably raised on wooden post. Uses of 39 plant species along with their local names have been enumerated. Similarly, 6 plant species, which are used as fuel wood having excellent energy output with less smoke have been identified.

020500   Ashutosh M;Singh M (Eastern Regional Station of NDRI, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal) : Blood plasma minerals, enzymes and hormonal profile of mastitic crossbred cows. Indian J Dairy Sci 2007, 60(6), 417-21.

Thirty crossbred cows suffering from clinical mastitis were selected to study their blood profile from the Institute's herd. Group I served as control and was given antibiotic treatment as per the practice followed at the farm. Group II cows were fed vitamin E bolus @1000 I. U. per day for 15 days. Group III received injections containing vitamin E (500IU) - selenium (15 mgj on day 1 and day 8, intramuscularly. Blood samples were collected on day 1 (the day animal was detected for mastitis), 5, 10 and 15 of experiment at 8:00 AM in heparinized vacutainer tubes. The plasma was analysed for minerals (Cu, Mn and Zn), enzymes (alanine aminotransferase - ALT, asptarte amino transferase -AST and alkaline phosphatase - AP) and hormones (triiodothyronine (T₃) thyroxine (T₄), insulin and cortisol). Plasma Zn concentration increased (P<60>0.01) by all the treatments during different days (P<60>0.01) of experiment. Cu and Mn concentration did not exhibit a set pattern of change with respect to any treatment. Plasma ALT enzyme activity significantly decreased in cows receiving antibiotic treatment, vitamin E supplementation and vitamin E - Se injections. The plasma enzyme activity of AP and AST varied non-significantly in all the three groups and between days of experiment. Plasma concentration of metabolic hormones like T₃ and T₄ increased (P<60>O.O1) and insulin decreased (P <60> 0.01) in all the three treatment groups. Plasma cortisol concentration varied between vitamin E and vitamin E- Se groups (P <60> 0.05) only, but fluctuated in control group.

1 table, 15 ref

020499   Abraham R J J;Shanmugam A M;Vasanthi R M; William S J (Dep of Meat Science and Technology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences U, Chennai-600 007) : Trace metal - zinc in muscle and edible organs of sheep (Ovis aries) and goat (Capra hircus) in marketed in Chennai city. J Vet Publ Hlth 2007, 57(3-4), 71-3.

Muscle and edible organs of sheep and goats randomly collected from Madras Veterinary College (MVC), Chennai and Perambur Corporation Slaughterhouse (PCS), Chennai were analysed for metal-zinc. The highest mean value of 39.60 + 2.01 mg/kg was found in heart of MVC goats, whereas it was 26.39 + 6.52 mg/kg in the heart tissues of PCS goats. In case of sheep the highest zinc content of 32.54 + 0.57 mg/kg was found in the liver of MVC animals and 27.67 + 1.13 mg/kg in the muscle of PCS animals. However, the values were below the prescribed limit of 50 ppm in all the samples.

1 table, 9 ref

019423   Verma S;Shrivastava R;Prasad P K;Shrivastava V K (Dr V.K.S. Endocrinology Unit, Biosciences Dep, Barkatullah Univ, Bhopal-462 026, Email: vinoyks2001@yahoo.com) : Effect of parthenium hysterophorus on thyroid gland of male mus musculus. Pollut Res 2007, 26(3), 513-16.

Twenty (20) sexually matured adult male Mus musculus weighing 30:1:5 gm. were received intraperitonially (ip) a injection of white tip extract of Parthenium plant (dose: 10 mg/0.1 ml/kg body weight alternate day) for 30 and 60 days respectively and their body weight, TSH in blood serum and histopathological changes were observed in the thyroid gland of male Mus musculus. The animals treated with extract of Parthenium hysterophorus did not show much variation in their body weight after thirty days of the treatment. While, it decreases significantly after 60 days exposures when compared with control group. In connection to this, the animals exposed with P. hysterophorus up to 30 and 60 days, thyroid showed necrotic changes characterized by degenerative nuclei, ruptured follicles, vacuolisations, lymphocytic infiltration and oedema. The follicular lumens were filled with varying quantities of colloids. These effects were more severe in later part of the experiment. Besides this, it has been also noticed that the extract of white tops of P. hysterophorus significantly lowered TSH levels of blood serum in male Mus musculus. All these observations suggest that P. hysterophorus inhibits thyroidal functions in Mus musculus by affecting directly on the thyroid gland or through hypothalmo-hypophysical thyroidal axis.

3 illus, 18 ref

019422   Udota H I J (Food Science and Technology Dep, Univ of Uyo, Nigeria, Email: hannah_itp@yahoo.com) : Microflora of sorghum and maize during malt production. J Fd Sci Technol 2008, 44(3), 285-8.

Population of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, filamentous fungi and yeasts, which occur in malting sorghum and maize were estimated by a plate technique. There was an increase in the total number of microorganisms during germination, although populations declined after drying in an oven and screening. Bacteria dominated in all samples, with progressively lower populations of yeasts and filamentous fungi. There was no obvious spatial distribution of microorganisms in these samples. The dominant group of bacteria in sorghum and maize was presumptively identified as Lactobacillus spp. Other minor groups included Pediococcus spp, Bacillus spp, Staphylococcus spp, Micrococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. In addition, while Enterococcus spp was found in sorghum, Streptococcus spp. was in maize. The isolated fungi were identified to include the following genera: Penicillium, Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Mucor, Absidia and Saccharomyces. These organisms, except Absidia were found in both sorghum and maize during malt production. Only Absidia spp was isolated during sorghum malt production.

3 tables, 27 ref

019421   Tripathi U N;Jamal F;Chandra D (Biochemistry Dep, Luckow Univ, Lucknow (U.P.)) : Pharmacological potentials of Trigonella foenumgraecum (Methi). Natn J Life Sci 2007, 4(2), 205-7.

The therapeutic values of Trigonella foenum-graecum (Methi/Fenugreek) have been recognized in different systems of traditional medication for curing/ improving physiological conditions in different altered pathological conditions of human beings. Fenugreek (Methi) is also used to enhance flavoring and color. It modifies the texture of food. The beneficial effects of methi include anti-diabetic, hypo-cholesterolemic, antioxidant potency, digestive stimulation, and hepatoprotective. Among these the antidiabetic and hypocholesterolemic properties of methi are largely attributable to the intrinsic dietary fiber constituent. Presents an overview of pharmacological potential of methi plant.

20 ref

019420   Tamilarasi S;Nanthakumar K;Karthikeyan K; Lakshmanaperumalsamy P (Biotechnology Dep, Dr. R.V. Arts and Science College, Karamadal, Coimbatore-641 104, Email: tamil_env@rediffmail.com) : Diversity of root associated microogranisms of selected medicinal plants and influence of rhizomicroorganisms on the antimicrobial property of Coriandrum sativum. J envir Biol 2007, 29(1), 127-34.

The total heterotrophic bacteria, adinomycetes and fungus were enumerated from the rhizosphere and non - rhizosphere soil of 50 selected locally available medicinal plants in and around Bharathiar University. In all the plants, population of microorganism were higher in the rhizosphere soil than in the non rhizosphere soil. Among the microorganisms, bacterial population was higher in number followed by fungus and actinomycetes. Of the medicinal plants, the maximum rhizosphere effect was observed in Annona squamosa and the minimum effect was seen in Eclipta alba and Cassia auriculata. Among the bacteria the dominant species was Bacillus followed by Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Corynebacterium, Micrococcus and Serratia. The Streptomyces species was found to be dominant followed by Deuteromycetes and Frankia among the actinomycetes. Among the fungal isolates Rhizopus was found to be higher in number followed by Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor and Fusarium. About 70.96% of the bacterial isolates were found to be nitrate reducers and 90.60% of the bacteria solubilised phosphate. The rhizosphere bacterial isolates were also capable of hydrolyzing starch, cellulose, casein, urea and gelatin. Theisolates of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungus were also able to produce phytohormone Indole -3- acetic acid (IAA). The maximum IAA production was recorded by Fusarium sp (5.8 mg/l). The rhizosphere bacterial isolates showed resistance to 14 commercially used antibiotics. In an attempt to check the influence of these plant growth promoting microorganisms on the antimicrobial property ofCoriandrum sativum against Escherichia coli MTCC - 443 and Aeromonas hydrophila MTCC - 646, the results observed was not encouraging since the inoculants did not influence the antibacterial property. However extensive and in depth study is required to find out the influence of rhizomicroorganisms on the antibacterial property of medicinal plants. The other results clearly indicated that the rhizosphere microorganisms could be exploited for its innumerable properties and active metabolites.

2 illus, 5 tables, 49 ref

019419   Tambekar D H;Hirulkar N B;Werulkar S A (Post Graduate Department of Microbiology, S.G.B. Amravati Univ, Amravati-444 602) : Multidrug resistance in Salmonella typhi isolated from drinking water in Amravati. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2007, 6(2), 285-8.

Waterborne infections are most common cause of mortality in underdeveloped and developing countries, and 80% of the infectious diseases are waterborne in India. There is problem of multiple drug resistant in Salmonella typhi in drinking water due to improper and indiscriminate use of antibiotics in the treatment. Therefore, attempt was made to isolate Salmonella typhi from different sources of drinking water and to find out its antibiotic sensitivity to prescribe correct treatment to the typhoid patients in Amravati. A total of 1000 water samples from various sources such as tube wells (340), open wells (340) and hotels and restaurants (320) were analyzed for the coliform water contamination and 96 strains of Salmonella typhi were isolated and observed. Most of the strains of Salmonella species were sensitive to norfloxacin; ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, kanamycin, streptomyvcin, ceflazidime and chloramphenicol, and resistant to linezolid, gatifloxacin, amoxyclav, cefepime, ampicillin, nalidixic acid and co-trimoxazole.

2 table, 8 rer

019418   Swamy A V N;Rao K S (Chem. Engng Dep, J.N.T.U. College of Engineering, Anantapur (Andhra Pradesh)) : Evaluation of biokinetic parameters for nitro benzene and nitro toluene. Natn J Life Sci 2007, 4(2), 173-8.

Evaluation of biokinetic parameters have been made by using Completely Mixed Activated Sludge (CMAS) operated in laboratory. Biokinetic constants like Y, Ks, K, μ, and Kd for synthetic waste water were estimated and they were found different for actual plant wastewater. The synthetic wastewater contained nitro benzene and nitro toluene. Research work deals on aerobic treatment of NB and NT to develop base line data, useful in commercial applications involving these compounds. Reports biokinetic parameters for these compounds based on laboratory scale experiments and full scale plant using completely mixed activated sludge (CMAS).

3 illus, 6 tables, 9 ref

019417   Singh N;Gupta M;Sirohi P;Varsha (Environmental Endocrinology and Bio-medical Research Unit. Zoology De, Meerut College, Meerut-250 003, Email: n27singh@yahoo.com) : Effect of alcoholic extract of Momordica charantia (Linn.) whole fruit powder on the pancreatic islets of alloxan diabetic albino rats. J envir Biol 2007, 29(1), 101-06.

Alcoholic extract of whole fruit of Momordica charantia was prepared. Adult healthy albino rats were divided into four groups and received a dose of 6 mg/100 gm. body weight of alloxan monohydrate. Animals of group I served as diabetic control group. The animals of II, III, and IV groups received 25 mg, 50 mg and 75 mg doses of the extract respectively for different durations. 75 mg dose showed increase in body weight. All doses of alcoholic extract of M. charantia were able to decrease the blood sugar level significantly. Extract feeding showed definite improvement in the islets of Langerhans. No toxic effect was observed in the liver. The significant features of the study have been blood glucose once lowered by the treatment with M. charantia fruit extract remained static even after discontinuation of drug for 15 days. Blood sugar never fell below normal values even with a high dose, in pancreatic islets, beta cells showed definite improvement.

6 illus, 23 ref

019416   Sharma S;Tangri P (Zoology Dep, Punjabi Univ, Patiala-147 002) : Effect of different modes of smoking on serum lipids and lipoprotein profiles. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2008, 28(1), 73-6.

The investigation has been made with a view to study the effect of smoking on risk factors for CHD. The study included 90 male subjects (60 smokers and 30 non smokers), aged 20-40 years from the rural areas of Punjab. History of smoking habit, current smoking patterns and lipid profile of each subject was evaluated. Total serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, VLDL-C and triglycerides were significantly higher in smokers than non smokers. Bidi smokers had significantly higher levels of these lipids and lipoproteins except HDL-C which were lower in bidi smokers than cigarette smokers. Smokers smoking unfiltered cigarettes had higher levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL-C, triglycerides and lower levels of HDL-C than those smoking filtered cigarettes. The study revealed that smoking increases the chances of CHD. Bidi smokers were at higher risk of CHD than cigarette smokers. The risk of CHD increases further by smoking unfiltered cigarettes.

3 tables, 8 ref

019415   Sharma S;Joshi V K (Post-harvest Technology Dep, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan-173 230, Email: vkjoshipht@rediffmail.com) : Influence of temperature and salt concentration on lactic acid fermentation of radish (Raphanus sativus). J Fd Sci Technol 2007, 44(6), 611-14.

Fermentation of radish was carried out at 22, 26, and 32 °C using Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus cerevisiae and Streptococcus lactis var diacetylactis as such or in sequence along with natural microflora. Titratable acidity indicated that sequential culture with 2.5% salt at 26 °C was superior. At 26 °C, the differences were contrasting on the last day of fermentation although up to 4 days the differences were not clearly evident. In terms of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) population, in all the fermentations except P. cerevisiae and Lb. plantarum temperature of 26 °C was the best. It corroborated with physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of fermented radish. The radish fermented with sequential culture of LAB, 2.5% salt concentration and at 26°C had higher titratable acidity, low pH and low reducing sugar content. Higher sensory scores gave an edge to sequential culture over other types of fermentations.

3 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref

019414   Saadoun I;Asia Muhana (Applied Biological Sciences Dep, Jordan Univ of science and Technology, Irbid-221 110, Email: isaadoun@just.edu.jo) : Optimal production conditions, extraction, partial purification and characterization of inhibitory compound(s) produced by Streptomyces Ds-104 isolate against multi-drug resistant Candida albicans. Curr Trends Biotechnol Pharm 2008, 2(3), 402-20.

Streptomyces Ds-104 isolate was found to inhibit four multi-drug resistant Candida albicans pathogens with an optimal production of the inhibitory compound(s) in starch, casein, nitrate broth (SCNB) and inhibition zone diameters ranging between 14 and 18 mm. These were significantly different (P = 0.05) from what was obtained in nutrient, oatmeal, inorganic salt starch, and yeast extract, malt extract broth media. When Ds-104 isolate was grown in SCNB supplemented with glucose, 15 g l^-1; KNO₃, 2.5 g 1^-1; NaCl, 10 g l^-1; and no KH₂PO₄, and incubated at 28°C for 10 days with shaking at 100 rpm, the inhibition zone diameter ranged between 25 and 30 mm, increased by 1.5-folds and significantly different (P = 0.05) from the other culture supplements and conditions. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), U.V absorption spectrum and TLC analysis of the water soluble of evaporated ethanol crude extract revealed MIC of 6.25 mg mL^-1, maximum absorbance at 205 nm, and an Rf value of 0.75, respectively. The Rf value and UV absorption spectrum of the active compound(s) in the crude extract are different from the tested drugs (fluconazole and amphotericin B) which may suggest the novelty of the inhibitory compound(s) produced by the Streptomyces Ds-104 isolate.

10 illus, 3 tables, 53 ref

019413   Roy M;Sahu U;Gupta N (Zoology Dep, Govt. Arts and Science College, Durg (C.G.)) : Observation of variations in hemoglobin concertation in various age groups of Japanese quails at durg. Life Sci Bull 2007, 4(1&2), 97-9.

The investigators carried out the study of hemoglobin variations in Japanese "quails at Durg. In the study, hemoglobin was found varied in different age groups and affected quails as well.

1 table, 10 ref

019412   Rama Rao M;Bhaskar Reddy I;Raja Gopal S V; Raman B V;Ramana T;Bhaskar Rao D (Biochemistry Dep, College of Engineering, GITAM, Visakhapatnam-45) : In vitro inhibiton of lipid peroxidation and antimicrobial activity of Samndus trifoliatus pericarp. J phytol Res 2007, 20(2), 215-8.

Sapindus trifoliatus is a medium sized deciduous tree belonging to the family of Sapindaceae. Pericarp of the seeds of this is reported to possess various medicinal properties. The present investigation is aimed to carry out the, total antioxidant activity, in vitro inhibition of lipid peroxidation and antimicrobial activities of the ethanol extracts of Sapindus trifoliatus (EEST) pericarp. Antioxidant activity was determined by Ferric chloride reduced ability of plasma (FRAP) method. Inhibition of FeSO₄-ascorbate induced lipid peroxidation by EEST was determined and compared with standard antioxidants such as Quercetin, L-ascorbic acid. IC₅₀ values for the EEST, L-ascorbic acid and Quercetin for lipid peroxidation were found to be 145 μg/ml, 112 μg/ml and 58 μg/ml respectively. The antimicrobial activity of EEST was determined by agar well diffusion method with various Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms. EEST showed broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against all the tested microorganisms. The results of the present study indicate that EEST can be a potential source of antioxidant and antimicrobial agent.

1 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

019411   Oromi N;Marquis O;Milaud C;Sanuy D (De Produccio Animal Dep (Fauna Silvestre), Lleida Univ, Av. Rovira Roure 177,25188, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain, Email: noromi@yahoo.es) : Influence of ambient ultraviolet radiation on Bufo calamita egg development in a semiarid zone (Catalonia, Spain). J envir Biol 2007, 29(1), 135-7.

Several experiments have shown that ambient ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) has negative effects on the development of amphibians'embryos. Studies the effects of UV-B radiation on development, survival and frequency of deformity during egg development in the Natterjack toad (Bufo calamita) from a semiarid region of Lleida (Catalonia, Spain). Eggs exposed to ambient levels of UV-B and those protected from UV-B with a filter exhibited similar developmental rate, mortality rate and frequency of developmental anomalies. These experiments show that eggs of Bufo calamita of the studied population are able to develop normally during embryonic period when exposed to current high levels of UV-B observed in Catalonia. These results will be used as reference for future studies on geographic variation in UV-B tolerance in this species.

1 table, 23 ref

019410   Mishra S;Saxena R (Zoology Dep, Bareilly College, Bareilly (U.P.)) : Comparative efficacy of some plant parts on the developmental period of Tribolium castaneum. Natn J Life Sci 2007, 4(2), 223-6.

Significant alterations in (he developmental periods (longevity) of the larval pupal and adult stages of Tribolium castaneum was observed, against some tested plant parts at J%. 2% and 5% dose by "Food Treatment Method". Incubation period get most significantly affected by the flower extract of Marigold and leaves extract of Guava (7 days) at 5% dose. Similarly for larval period (48.0 days) the leaves extract of Bottle brush and for Pupal.period (18.4 days) the flower extract of Red Kaner showed best results, with 5% doses each. While considering the total time for the completion of life cycle it was found that the flower extract of Red Kaner (at 2% dose) showed maximum delay (64.4 days).

1 table, 11 ref

019409   Mishra K N;Shukla A K (Botany Dep, T.D.P.G. College, Jaunpur (U.P.)) : Life forms, biological spectrum and plant diversity for menicinal uses : a case study of degraded habitats of Jaunpur district. Life Sci Bull 2007, 4(1&2), 105-10.

Herbaceous plants play a vital role in the traditionally health care systems. A mixture of plant species which live in a habitat and are held together by common ecological tolerance, form a plant community. The ecological habitat, life forms, biological spectrum and diversity of plant (which are medically used) were studied, extensively in all the seasons throughout the year at Jaunpur district. Total 65 species, which were distributed among 27 families, were recorded. The biological spectrum includes 14.52% Phanerophytes, 4.31% Chameophytes, 10.12% Hemicrophytes, 1.40% Cryptophytes and 77.40% Therophytes. Poaceae was the dominant family with 9 spp, followed by Astereaceae with 8 spp. and Euphorbiaceae with 7 species. The dominance of Therophytes on the study area showed biotic stresses in which grazing was very important. Majority of plant species are daily used in life against different diseases. The documented plants were mostly used to cure rheumatism, poison bites, skin diseases, wound and fever. By publishing their practical experience will not only make young generation aware about traditional knowledge, but also the people will have easy and cheap assess the minor diseases.

1 table, 11 ref

019408   Kumar M;Singh P K;Gupta A K;Vajpeyi A P; Sharma M K (Zoology Dep, School of Life Sciences, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Univ, Khandari Campus, Agra (U.P.)) : Effect of aqueous extract of Asparagus adscendens (Safed musali) on serum protein profile in albino rats. Natn J Life Sci 2007, 4(2), 237-9.

The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of aqueous root extract of Asparagus adscendens on serum protein profile (serum total protein, albumin and total globulins and A/G ratio). It shown to induce a significant (p<60> 0.001) increase in serum total protein, albumin and total globulins; while non-significant (p<62>0.05) increase in A/G ratio in rats. So, it was observed that there is a significant increase in the serum protein profile, which indicates the aqueous root extract of Asparagus adscendens may help in protein anabolism.

1 table, 8 ref

019407   Karuppayee T;Kumaresan A;Vijayalakshmi G S (ICAR Centre, Sri Parasakthi College for Women, Courtallam-627 802) : Biochemical and microbiological qualities of various brands of ice creams sold in Courtallam area, T.N. India. Pollut Res 2007, 26(3), 413-16.

Courtallam the "Spa of the South" is a most popular tourist centre in South India. It is well known for its panoramic water falls and ancient Shiva temple. Tourists visit in large number during season to enjoy the bracing climate and taking bath in water falls. The insanitary condition prevailing causes severe food contamination which in turn causes health hazards to people consuming it. Hence, the biochemical and microbiological qualities of popular ice cream sold in Courtallam was investigated. Seven brands of ice creams in six replications were taken for the present study. In order to conceal the trade names, the ice creams were designated as A, B, C, D, E, F, and G. There was significant difference (P<60>0.01) between various brands of ice cream studied. Acidity and total solids were with in the permissible limit. Some brands of ice creams showed lower fat content. This was three times less than the minimum standard specified in ISI (1964). Among seven brands of ice cream maximum bacterial load was observed in brand "D" followed E.F.C.B,A, and G. Some ice creams were highly contaminated with coliforms, while others were good for human consumption.

2 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref