VENKATESH L, KARIAPPA I S
003275 VENKATESH L, KARIAPPA I S (Sirsi Univ of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka) : Macro-propagation of Dendrocalamus stocksii -A bamboo species of Uttarakannada district of Karnataka. Bioinfolet 2021, 18 (1B), 206 - 7.
Present investigation was undertaken to find out assess the effect Indole-3-butyric acid concentration (IBA) on macro-propagation of Dendrocalamus stocksii. The experiment results revealed that the treatment with 750 ppm IBA was recorded significantly higher sprouting percentage (54.50 %), number of nodes (1.85) and number of shoots (1.75). The results thus indicated that the culms treated with 750 ppm IBA had significant impact on sprouting per cent, number of nodes and number of shoots as compared to rest of the treatments.
1 table, 1 ref
DESAI M S, JAGTAP A A, BHAGAT C P, KAMBLE S S
003274 DESAI M S, JAGTAP A A, BHAGAT C P, KAMBLE S S (Botany Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur, Maharashtra) : Effect of different sulphate sources on the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Cubense causing panamawilt of Banana. Bioinfolet 2021, 18 (1B), 204 - 5.
Effect of different sulphate sources on the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense was studied by amending them in the Czapek Dox Agar medium.Growth of resistant strain of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense was found to be always higher than the sensitive one. Growth of sensitive and resistant isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense was completely inhibited by iron sulphate, while zinc sulphate also slightly inhibited growth of both the isolates. Growth of sensitive and resistant isolates was maximum on calcium sulphate followed by magnesium sulphate, ammonium sulphate, barium sulphate and potassium sulphate.
2 table, 3 ref
DORUGADE S P, MADHALE S V, SARDESAI V A, KAMBLE S S
003271 DORUGADE S P, MADHALE S V, SARDESAI V A, KAMBLE S S (Botany, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur, Maharashtra) : Survival ability of benomyl resistant isolate of Fusarium solani causing dry rot of Elephant foot yam. Bioinfolet 2021, 18 (1B), 197 - 8.
The Present investigation was undertaken to find out survival ability of benomyl resistant Fusarium solani causing dry rot of Elephant foot yam [Amorphophallus paeoniifolious (Dennst.) Nicolson]. On untreated corms, population of resistant strain reduced from passage to passage, however, in case of benomyl treated corms, resistant population increased from passage to passage. The benomyl treatment to the corms resulted in survival of resistant population up to 4 th passage, indicating its fitness for survival dominating the sensitive population.
1 table, 3 ref
GOKHALE M V
003270 GOKHALE M V (Botany Dep, K. B. P. Coll, Islampur - 415 409) : Production of vermicom post from leaf litter, vegetable residue and some common weeds. Bioinfolet 2021, 18 (1 B), 192 - 5.
Vermicompost was prepared from leaf litter of Mangifera indica, leaves of Gliricidia sapium, residue of vegetables ( Cauliflower, Cabbage, Fenugreek, Coriander ) and common weeds ( Parthenium hysterophorus, Tridax procumbens, Alternanthera sessilis ). Earthworm ( Eisenia fetida ) was used for this purpose. Studies on kinetics of composting, multiplication of earthworm, physico-chemical properties of compost, microbial diversity and enzymes in the compost were also undertaken.
4 tables, 7 ref
SAMANTA S
003269 SAMANTA S (Botany Dep, Sabang Sajanikanta Mahavidyalaya, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal) : Vam status of different agricultural soils and its effect on the growth of Sorghum bicolor. Bioinfolet 2021, 18 (1 B), 189 - 91.
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (VAM) symbiosis is an essential component of plant community, which plays unique role in uptake of nutrients by the plants. Present study was undertaken to investigate VAM status of different agricultural fields, and to observe its effect growth of Sorghum bicolor. Higher VAM infection percentage was observed in non-agricultural soil, where available organic carbon was low. It was also observed that, mycorrhizal infection resulted in stimulated the growth of Sorghum bicolor.
2 tables, 6 ref
ARORA P, SHARMA D K
003267 ARORA P, SHARMA D K (Botany Dep, Vardhaman Mahaveer Open Univ, Kota, Rajasthan) : Antibacterial activity of plant extracts against Xanthomonas campestrisP V. Cucurbiatae causing leaf spot of Sponge gourd. Bioinfolet 2021, 18 (1 B), 182 - 4.
The aqueous extracts of 10 medicinal plants were tested to check their antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas campestris pv. cucurbitae causing leaf spot disease of sponge gourd. All of them were found to be effective in inhibiting the activity of pathogen. Maximum antimicrobial activity was shown by the leaves of Trachispermum ammi, with improvement in seed germination.
1 illus, 1 table, 5 ref
PATIL J M, PATIL S S
003266 PATIL J M, PATIL S S (Botany Dep, Doodhsakhar Mahavidyalaya, Bidri) : Effect of nacl salinity on the physiological attributes in the leaves of Trianthema portulacastrum L.. Bioinfolet 2021, 18 (1 B), 179 - 81.
Effect of NaCl salinity on the absorption spectrum of photosynthetic pigments, leaf juice acidity (in the form of Titratable Acid Number) and osmotic potential of cell sap of the leaves of Trianthema portulacastrum L. was studied. Absorption spectrum of photosynthetic pigments, and TAN of the leaves decreased with increasing NaCl salinity in both sand and soil cultures. However osmotic potential was increased by 24 to 51 % and 2 to 31 % over control due to NaCl salinity.
2 illus, 1 table, 5 ref
SURVASE M, TAWARE S
003264 SURVASE M, TAWARE S (Mahatma Gandhi Mission, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Aurangabad, Maharashtra) : Tlc-Bioautography and gc-ms of endophyte Cladosporium cladosporioides isolated from Citrus limon. Bioinfolet 2021, 18 (1 B), 171 - 6.
Cladosporium cladosporioides was isolated from leaves of Citrus limon. Agar well diffusion assay of Cladosporium cladosporioides showed maximum zone of inhibition against Alternaria alternata than Fusarium oxysporum, Trichoderma viride and Penicillium notatum. Thin layer chromatography-bioautography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed a single spot (Rf value 0.28) as a mixture of N-Hexadecanoic acid, 9- Octadecenamide and squalene to be the antifungal molecules in the extract, inhibiting the growth of Alternaria alternata.
2 illus, 1 table, 24 ref
GUPTA V
003263 GUPTA V (G. N. Khalsa Coll, Matunga, Mumbai 19) : Isolation of protease inhibitor from the leaves of Terminalia arjuna and Terminalia cattapa. Bioinfolet 2021, 18 (1 B), 168 - 70.
Present investigation was undertaken on estimation of Protease inhibitor activity (PI) from the leaves of Terminalia arjuna and T. cattapa The results revealed 80- 85 % and 60-70 % protease inhibitor activity in the leaves of T. arjuna and T. cattapa respectively. Maximum Protease inhibitor activity was detected in the months of November and December (2018). The enzyme was subjected to Sephadex G50 purification. The samples analyzed on SDS PAGE revealed a 30kDa size of protein with Protease inhibitor (PI) activity.
4 illus, 8 ref
BANDGAR S G, PATIL C R
003262 BANDGAR S G, PATIL C R (Botany Dep, Dattajirao Kadam Art's Science and Commerce Coll, Kolhapur - 416 11, Maharashtra) : Addition to the genus Beltrania (Beltraniaceae) from sacred groves of Kolhapur, Maharashtra. Bioinfolet 2021, 18 (1 B), 165 - 7.
A new variety of Beltrania hasaneana is described as Beltrania hasaneanavar. indicae var. nov. and a new sub-species of Beltrania mundkurii is described as Beltrania mundkurii sub-sp. olvanae. Sub-sp. nov. respectively. The detail morpho-taxonomical description, photographs and illustrations have been provided.
14 ref
SATHE B G, KAMBLE S S
003260 SATHE B G, KAMBLE S S (Botany Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur) : Antagonistic potential of Trichoderma pseudokoningii mutants against root rot of deccan hemp. Bioinfolet 2021, 18 (1 B), 159 - 60.
Fifty five mutants of Trichoderma pseudokoningii were obtained from wild isolates after exposing them to Ethyl Methyl Sulphonte (EMS), a chemical mutagen. Among these, a mutant Tp-EMS49 showed highest per cent (77.77 %) inhibition of Rhizoctonia bataticola causing root rot of deccan hemp than wild Trichoderma pseudokoningii (68.88 %).
12 ref
SATHE B G, KAMBLE S S
003260 SATHE B G, KAMBLE S S (Botany Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur) : Antagonistic potential of Trichoderma pseudokoningii mutants against root rot of deccan hemp. Bioinfolet 2021, 18 (1 B), 159 - 60.
Fifty five mutants of Trichoderma pseudokoningii were obtained from wild isolates after exposing them to Ethyl Methyl Sulphonte (EMS), a chemical mutagen. Among these, a mutant Tp-EMS49 showed highest per cent (77.77 %) inhibition of Rhizoctonia bataticola causing root rot of deccan hemp than wild Trichoderma pseudokoningii (68.88 %).
12 ref
KAMBLE P P, KAMBLE S S
003259 KAMBLE P P, KAMBLE S S (Botany Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur - 416 004) : Influence of physical factors on antagonistic potential of trichoderma viride against pythium aphanidermatum. Bioinfolet 2021, 18 (1 B), 155 - 8.
Influence of physical factors, such as temperature, pH and light, on antagonistic potential of Trichoderma viride was evaluated against Pythium aphanidermatum causing rhizome rot in turmeric. The physical factors greatly influenced antagonistic potential of Trichoderma viride. The optimum temperature range for antagonistic activity of Trichoderma viride was found to be 25 to 30˚C, whereas the highest inhibition percentage was observed at 30˚C. Optimum pH was 6.5, which showed maximum inhibition. Quality (color) of light did not influenced inhibition percentage.
3 tables, 10 ref
SINGH E, BARUPAL G K
003258 SINGH E, BARUPAL G K (Botany Dep, Government Dungar Coll, Bikaner - 334 001 (Rajasthan)) : Chlorococcales from kot dam, Jhunjhunu (Rajasthan). Bioinfolet 2021, 18 (1 B), 151 - 4.
In present paper, fresh water algae, belonging to order Chlorococcales from Kot Dam, Jhunjhunu were surveyed during January to December 2019. In all 25 species belonging to 10 genera have been reported and described with their morpho-taxonomic characters. The genus Scenedesmus was represented by 9, while Pediastrum by 6 species
6 ref
BHOSALE V V, KAMBLE S S
003257 BHOSALE V V, KAMBLE S S (Botany Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur - 416 004) : Management of top rot disease of bajra by using agrochemicals. Bioinfolet 2021, 18 (1 B), 149 - 50.
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of roko on agar plates ranged from 20 ppm to 60 ppm among 20 isolates of Fusarium verticilloides. The isolate Fv- 4 was found to be highly resistant. The use of roko in combination with fungicides (Carmel, Bavistin, Nagcopper, Matrix and Kocide), insecticides (Actara, Admire, Armour and Dantotsu) and herbicides (Mera-71, Saathi, Avert and Superhit) successfully controlled in vitro growth of the pathogen.
8 ref
JADHAV B T
003255 JADHAV B T (Botany Dep, P.V.P. Mahavidyalaya, Kavathe Mahankal) : Ginkgoites mangliensis sp. nov. from kampthi beds of Chandrapur district (M. S.). Bioinfolet 2021, 18 (1 B), 140 - 1.
Kamthi beds in Maharashtra are distributed in Chandrapur, Nagpur, Gadchiroli and Wardha districts. They are rich in plant fossils of Glossopteris flora. Present paper describes one new species of Ginkgoits leaf from Kamthi beds of Chandrapur district. Apromising specimen, numbered MNGL/ 24 /2015, was morphological identical to the genus Ginkgoites Seward. It is has been described as G. mangliensis. sp. nov. It is new addition to the fossil flora of Kamthi Formation.
1 illus, 4 ref
PANDA S
003253 PANDA S (Botany Dep, Calcutta Univ, Kolkata - 700 013) : Morphological variation in enkianthus defleus (Griff.) C. K. Schneid: Leaf anatomy and pollen morphology. Bioinfolet 2021, 18 (1 B), 114 - 25.
Enkianthus deflexus (Griff.) C. K. Schneid. is represented by three varieties, of which var. deflexusand var. acuminatus S. Panda & Sanjappa occur in India. Microscopic studies of leaf anatomy and pollen morphology of these two varieties have been summarized and compared in present paper.
5 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref
CHENGALA L S, MENON G S
003251 CHENGALA L S, MENON G S (Botany Dep, R. K. Talreja Coll of Arts, Science & Commerce, Thane, Maharashtra) : Host parasite interaction and protein profile of Dendrophthoe falcata (L.F) ettingsh var. Pubescens (Hook. f) Associated with different hosts. Bioinfolet 2021, 18 (1 A), 105 - 10.
During present study, the hemiparasite, Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f) Ettingsh var. pubescens (Hook. f) belonging to family Loranthaceae, associated with different hosts were collected from in and around Yeoor hill, Thane. The samples were analyzed for total protein content, and in addition protein profiling was carried out. The molecular weights of the proteins were determined using SDS-PAGE technique. The results revealed that the proteins with molecular weight 14.3kDa, 14.5kDa, 17kDa, 24kDa and 43kDa were common in all samples under investigation, suggesting presence of similar proteins of in different plant species.
2 illus, 14 ref
TOTEWAD N D, GYANANATH G
003249 TOTEWAD N D, GYANANATH G (S. R. T. M. Univ, Maharashtra - 431 606) : Cultural, morphological, biochemical and genomic identification of enterococcus canis n 12 isolated from fresh water fish cyprinus carpio. Bioinfolet 2021, 18 (1 A), 100 - 2.
Present research work was conducted to isolate lactic acid bacteria from the intestine of freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio. Total 35 isolates of this bacteria were isolated. Among these isolate N12 was studied for morphological, cultural, biochemical characters. It was tested for its ability to ferment 18 different sugars and their derivatives. Genotypic identification of the bacteria was carried out using 16S rRNA sequencing and identified as Enterococcus canis N12.
13 ref
GAVALI M T, BANSODE S A, BHALE U N
003248 GAVALI M T, BANSODE S A, BHALE U N (Botany Dep, Arts, Science and commerce coll Naldurg, Osmanabad - 413 602 (M.S)) : Biological control of charcoal rot of Jowar with the use of Trichoderma species. Bioinfolet 2021, 18 (1 A), 96 - 9.
Charcoal rot of jowar (Sorghum bicolor L.) is caused by Macrophomina phaseolina Tassi (Goid). Attempts have been made during present investigation to manage this disease with the help of Trichoderma spp. Antagonistic activities of five Trichoderma species viz. Trichoderma viride, T.koningii, T. virens, T. harzianum and T. pseudokoningii were tested against M. phaseolina. Almost all Trichoderma species were found to be antagonist resulting in 42.11 to 68.88 % inhibition in the in vitro growth of the pathogen under laboratory conditions. Under field condition, due to the seed treatment, it minimized the incidence of charcoal rot disease of jowar. It is concluded that the use of effective strains of Trichoderma spp can be a useful in integrated management of charcoal rot in jowar.
2 tables, 16 ref
BORKOTOKY B P, CHUTIA P, SARMAH S R
003246 BORKOTOKY B P, CHUTIA P, SARMAH S R (Life Sciences Dep, D R Coll, Golaghat - 785 621 Assam) : Nutraceutical and medicinal bio-resources used by tea-tribe of Jorhat district of Assam. Bioinfolet 2021, 18 (1 A), 81 - 9.
Present study gives information on utilization of plant and animal species by Tea tribe community of Assam, with special reference to those from Jorhat District. In Assam nearly. 20 % population comprises tea tribe community. Total 52 plant and animal species are utilized as a source of nutraceuticals and ethnomedicines by this community. During the survey, undertaken for present study, it was observed that 37 plant and 15 animal species were utilized by the tribal people. The plant species belonging to 25 families and 35 genera were used, showing great diversity in their food habit. The plants belonging to family Euphorbiaceae were found to be most commonly used. The types of animal species used by tea tribe ranged from insects to mammals, wherein. Molluscs and Mammals were the largest group of animals. The plants and animal species mentioned in this communication were also used to treat diseases of different kinds and as an immunity booster.
3 illus, 3 tables, 23 ref
TODAWAT N J
003244 TODAWAT N J (Moreshwar Art, science and commerce coll Bhokardan, Jalna M. S, - 431 114) : Powdery mildew disease on some plants from Jalna district, Maharashtra state, India. Bioinfolet 2021, 18 (1 A), 73 - 7.
During survey of plant diseases in Jalna District it was observed that, 12 plants were suffering from powdery mildew by various fungal pathogens. An account of the powdery mildew affected plants in Jalna District has been given in present paper.
12 illus, 15 ref
ASWALE D, SUTAR S
003243 ASWALE D, SUTAR S (Botany Dep, Sir Sayyed Coll, Aurangabad) : Nodal vasculature in some bignoniaceae. Bioinfolet 2021, 18 (1 A), 69 - 72.
Nodal vasculature in 17 genera and 20 species belonging to family Bignoniaceae was investigated. The leaves are simple in Crescentia and pinnately compound in remaining taxa. These are opposite, rarely alternate and exstipulate. The node is uniformly unilacunar one, three or many traced. The arc shape strand, ring of discrete vascular bundle or circular leaf trace gives off lateral branches at different level in nodal region, as observed in some plants are cortical bundles. The nodal evolution in family Bignoniaceae might have been evolved by reduction process. The vascular supply to each axillary bud is derived directly from the stele. The results have been discussed with respect to evolutionary conception of node
20 illus, 11 ref
NAIKWADE P V
003242 NAIKWADE P V (Botany Dep, Ved. S. R. Sapre Commerce and Vid. Dadasaheb Pitre Science Coll, Devrukh - 415 804, Maharashtra) : Influence of Celosia argentea L. weed manure on the yield of spinach. Bioinfolet 2021, 18 (1 A), 64 - 8.
An experiment was carried out to study the influence of different manures prepared from common weed, Celosia argentea L. on the yield of spinach (Spinecia oleracea L.), a popular leafy vegetable. Use of Celosia manure enhanced productivity of spinach, wherein the application of Celosia vermicompost was more effective in increasing the yield of spinach.
3 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref
SATHE B G, KAMBLE S S
003237 SATHE B G, KAMBLE S S (Botany Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur) : Effect of physical factors on the bio-control potential of Trichoderma pseudokoningii against Rhizoctonia bataticola causing root rot of deccan hemp. Bioinfolet 2021, 18 (1 A), 47 - 50.
Physical factors like pH, temperature, light spectra influence on the growth and sporulation of Trichoderma. Hence, the effect of these physical factors on bio-control activity of Trichoderma psedokoningii against Rhizoctonia bataticola was tested The inhibition ingrowth of Rhizoctonia bataticola was evaluated using antagonistic potential at different temperatures, pH and light spectra. The pH 6.5 and 25ºC temperature were found to be most suitable for biocontrol activity of T.pasudokoningiiagainst R. bataticola.
3 tables, 6 ref
KOLEKAR N M, KOREKAR S L, NARKHEDE G W
003236 KOLEKAR N M, KOREKAR S L, NARKHEDE G W (Botany Dep, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada Univ, Aurangabad - 431 001) : Variability, correlation and path analysis in forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench]. Bioinfolet 2021, 18 (1 A), 40 - 6.
Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis were studied for yield and its attributing traits in forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Awide range of phenotypic variability was recorded for green fodder yield and its component traits. Magnitude of genetic coefficient of variation (GCV), 2 phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), heritability (h2) and genetic advance were high for plant height and green fodder yield. The results of correlation analysis suggested that the magnitude of genotypic correlation was high as compared to the corresponding phenotypic correlations, indicating inherent relationship among the traits studied. Green fodder yield was significantly and positively correlated with plant height, stem girth, leaf length and leaf : stem ratio at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. These characters may be considered as important yield components in sorghum. Path analysis revealed that green fodder yield at I cut had maximum direct effect on total green fodder yield. This character expressed maximum positive indirect effect on total green fodder yield through plant height. Green fodder yield at III cut exhibited highest positive direct effect on total green fodder yield, whereas, number of tillers per plant expressed positive direct effect on total green fodder yield. These traits had high magnitude of genotypic correlation with green fodder yield.
3 tables, 26 ref
AHER A A, WABALE A S
003234 AHER A A, WABALE A S (Botany and Research Centre Dep, Padmashri Vikhe Patil Coll of Arts, Science and Commerce, Loni - 413 736) : Effect of algal biomass on seed germination and seedling growth in Cucumis sativus L.. Bioinfolet 2021, 18 (1 A), 32 - 4.
Present investigation was undertakenonuse of farm pond algae as bio-fertilizer, on seed germination and seedling growth of Cucumis sativus L. Two samples of algal biomass were employed for this purpose, in the form of aqueous and cow urine extracts. Percent seed, germination, shoot length, root length and seedling length of Cucumis sativus L. were recorded. Promising results were reported with algal extracts particularly that prepared using cow urine.
1 table, 13 ref
PATIL P S, BHUKTAR A S
003232 PATIL P S, BHUKTAR A S (Botany Dep, Sardar Dalipsingh Commerce and Science Coll, Aurangabad 431-001, Maharashtra) : Phytochemical analysis of solanum xanthocarpum schrad. and wendl.using HR-LCMS technique.. Bioinfolet 2021, 18 (1 A), 15 - 24.
Phytochemical tests were undertaken to explore the presence of biochemical in it. Major chemical constituents present in methanol extract of fruits were analyzed through HR-LCMS technique, which resulted in the identification of alkaloid, steroidal compounds, Benzethonium, Chlorogenic acid, KHAYASIN C, Erythromycin B1, Tomatidinol, Diacetolol, Erythromycin ethylsuccinate, Avermectin B1b , Acitretin, Geneticin, Quinic acid, 19- Norpregna-1,3,5(10)-trien20-yne-3,6,17-triol, (6b,17a) etc. These valuable chemical compounds are precursors of various pharmaceutical drugs.
4 tables, 8 ref
MULLA K P, DANDU C, THIRUMALANADHUNI V, SHAIK S, SHAIK I A, NIMMANAPALLI Y
000490 MULLA K P, DANDU C, THIRUMALANADHUNI V, SHAIK S, SHAIK I A, NIMMANAPALLI Y (Botany Dep, Venkateswara Univ, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh) : Phytochemical, elemental, physico-chemical, HPTLC and anticancer investigations of Ceropegia spiralis Wight. Tuber extracts. J Pharma Innov 2021, 10(3), 95-106.
Phytochemical constituents are responsible for medicinal activity of plant species. Hence in the present study Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening, Physicochemical, elemental analysis and anticancer activity of Ceropegia spiralis tuber extracts were carried out. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of tuber aqueous extract confirm the presence of various secondary metabolites like saponins, triterpenoids, steroids, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids and phenols. The results suggest that the phytochemical properties for curing various ailments and possess potential anticancer, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities leads to the isolation of new and novel compounds. Physicochemical studies reveals that the dry matter 96.23 %; followed by Water soluble extractive 14.28 %. Elemental analysis reveals Nitrogen 3.4 % followed by Zinc 218.9 %. Along with this, macro and micro elements which are essential for maintaining the animal body were also determined quantitatively. Anticancer activity of C. spiralis exhibited potential towards MDAMB-231 (human breast cancer) cell lines, shows 78.30% cell death with cell viability 21.70 % at 100 µg/ml. The presence of various bioactive compounds confirms the application of C. spiralis against many ailments by the traditional practitioners.
9 illus, 8 tables, 53 ref
GAJALAKSHMI K, DHIVYA K
000616 GAJALAKSHMI K, DHIVYA K (Botany Dep, PSGR Krishnammal Coll for Women, Tamil Nadu – 641 004, Email: kdhivyaias206@gmail.com) : Characterization of potential plant growth promoting rhizobacteria isolated from rhizospheric soil of Banana (Musa paradisiaca L.). Res J Biotech 2021, 16(5), 140-5.
The use of novel PGPR as bioinoculant is an alternative sustainable agricultural practice to improve soil health, controlling soil borne pathogens, increase crop productivity and conserve biodiversity. Group of bacteria that colonize roots of plant and help in plant growth and disease suppression by various direct and indirect mechanisms is named as Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). The present investigation was carried out to isolate, screen and characterize the PGPR from the rhizosphere soil of banana. Four bacterial strains were isolated from Banana rhizosphere. These strains were characterized morphologically and biochemically and studied for their plant growth promoting activities such as IAA production, GA production, Phosphate solubilisation and biocontrol traits of the isolates such as siderophore production and HCN production.
1 illus, 4 tables, 39 ref
PAULDASAN A, PULPAYIL V, DURAI A, NICODEMUS A
000614 PAULDASAN A, PULPAYIL V, DURAI A, NICODEMUS A (Botany Dep, Bishop Heber Coll, Tiruchirappalli- 620 017, Email: paul.1788@gmail.com) : Characterization and identification of four species of Casuarina and their interspecific hybrids using EST-SSR markers. Res J Biotech 2021, 16(5), 126-32.
Casuarina species have significant socio-economic importance throughout the tropics and sub tropics by providing fuelwood, pulpwood and environmental services like shelterbelts and windbreaks. In the recent years interspecific hybrids have helped in substantially improving the productivity of Casuarina plantations in India. The objective of the present study was to characterize four species of Casuarina (C. cunninghamiana, C. cristata, C. equisetifolia and C. junghuhniana) and validate their interspecific hybrids using EST-SSR markers. The PCR product size ranged from 233 to 360 bp (mean: 290 bp) and the four primers showed 11 to 20 alleles (mean: 15). The mean values for observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygoisty were 0.451 and 0.879 respectively. The polymorphic information content across the primers was from 0.744 to 0928 (mean: 0.85).. The dendrogram obtained from UPMGA analysis of EST-SSR data was able to clearly distinguish the pure species and hybrid individuals and the uniqueness of each individual was also established. Four major clusters were observed one each for C. equisetifolia and C. junghuhniana pure species, hybrids between these two species, C. cunninghamianaan its progeny and C. cristata and its progeny. EST-SSR markers confirmed the hybrid nature of C. equisetifolia x, C. junghuhniana clones and the absence of natural hybridization in C. cunninghamiana and C. cristata trees under open-pollinated conditions. They can be effective in early screening of putative interspecific hybrids from open-pollination and also validate the hybrids produced through control pollination at nursery stage for subsequent field testing.
2 illus, 3 tables, 35 ref
KUMAR A, SHARMA N, GUPTA A, AGGARWAL A
000613 KUMAR A, SHARMA N, GUPTA A, AGGARWAL A (Botany Dep, Kurukshetra Univ, Kurukshetra, Haryana, Email: ashishbotany990@gmail.com) : Growth response of Viola odorata L. induced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Res J Biotech 2021, 16(5), 118-25.
This investigation was carried out in a poly-house, Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India, to verify the efficacy of dominant arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae and Acaulospora laevis) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens) as bio-fertilizers either independently or in combination on uptake of nutrient, vegetative growth as well as flower yield of Viola odorata L. grown in earthen pot. Our findings suggest that all co-inoculation treatments showed beneficial effects on all the growth, nutrient uptake, phosphatase activity and flower yield of V. odorata. The results of present investigation also demonstrate that co-inoculation of biofertilizers like Pseudomonas fluorescens with AM fungi, significantly promotes higher root colonization and spore density enhancing the phosphorus (P) uptake and improving the content of photosynthetic pigments
4 tables, 53 ref
NAGANNAWAR ANJU G, JAYARAJ M
000605 NAGANNAWAR ANJU G, JAYARAJ M (Botany Dep, Karnatak Univ, Dharwad – 580 003, Email: 2016anju@gmail.com) : GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds from ethanolic extract of aerial parts of Mollugo pentaphylla L. and their pharmacological activities. Res J Biotech 2021, 16(5), 64-8.
Plant secondary metabolites are rich sources of bioactive compounds and are used in pharmaceutical industries and production of nutrient-rich food materials. These bioactive compounds are used to treat various diseases and to improve the health of people both by traditional and conventional ways of administrations. Therefore, Mollugo pentaphylla L., is a traditional medicinal herb, indicated for a number of medicinal properties. The present investigation was undertaken to identify the bioactive compounds present in the aerial parts powder of Mollugo pentaphylla L., by Gas chromatography- Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Gas chromatography analysis- Mass spectrometer (GC-MS) was carried out at Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India. It is one of the key techniques, generally used for identification of different groups of plant bioactive compounds. Quantification of the Mollugo pentaphylla L., showed 28 bioactive compounds and among these 7 major compounds identified are Pentadecanoic acid, 9-Octadecenoic acid, 2-Dodecenoic acid, Hexadecanoic acid, Oleic acid, Nonadecane and Octadecane. In the mass spectrum, each compound was identified based on their retention time and peak area. Pharmacological activities of these bioactive compounds indicated that the plant can be used as a crude drug and can also be used to develop a new drug and these bioactive compounds are indicated based on available pharmacological literature.
2 illus, 2 tables, 35 ref
COÊLHO M R V, RIVAS R, FERREIRA-NETO J R C, BEZERRA-NETO J P, PANDOLFI V, BENKO-ISEPPON A M, SANTOS M G
000348 COÊLHO M R V, RIVAS R, FERREIRA-NETO J R C, BEZERRA-NETO J P, PANDOLFI V, BENKO-ISEPPON A M, SANTOS M G (Botany Dep, Federal de Pernambuco Univ, PE- 50670-901, Brazil) : Salt tolerance of Calotropis procera begins with immediate regulation of aquaporin activity in the root system. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2021, 27(3), 457-68.
The ability to respond quickly to salt stress can determine the tolerance level of a species. Here, we test how rapidly the roots of Calotropis procera react to high salinity conditions. In the first 24 h after saline exposure, the plants reduced stomatal conductance, increased CO2 assimilation, and water use efficiency. Thus, the root tissue showed an immediate increase in soluble sugars, free amino acid, and soluble protein contents. Twelve aquaporins showed differential gene expression in the roots of C. procera under salinity. Transcriptional upregulation was observed only after 2 h, with greater induction of CpTIP1.4 (fourfold). Transcriptional downregulation, in turn, occurred mainly after 8 h, with the largest associated with CpPIP1.2 (fourfold). C. procera plants responded quickly to high saline levels. Our results showed a strong stomatal control associated with high free amino acid and soluble sugar contents, regulated aquaporin expression in roots, and supported the high performance of the root system of C. procera under salinity. Moreover, this species was able to maintain a lower Na+/K+ ratio in the leaves compared to that of the roots of stressed plants. The first response of the root system, after immediate contact with saline solution, present an interesting scenario to discuss.
49 ref
ABBAS S, JAVED M T, ALI Q, AKRAM M S, TANWIR K, ALI S, CHAUDHARY H J, IQBAL N
000342 ABBAS S, JAVED M T, ALI Q, AKRAM M S, TANWIR K, ALI S, CHAUDHARY H J, IQBAL N (Botany Dep, Government College Univ, Faisalabad- 380 00, Pakistan) : Elucidating Cd-mediated distinct rhizospheric and in planta ionomic and physio-biochemical responses of two contrasting Zea mays L. cultivars. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2021, 27(2), 297-312.
Cadmium (Cd) in soil–plant system can abridge plant growth by initiating alterations in root zones. Hydroponics and rhizoboxes are useful techniques to monitor plant responses against various natural and/or induced metal stresses. However, soil based studies are considered more appropriate in order to devise efficient food safety and remediation strategies. The present research evaluated the Cd-mediated variations in elemental dynamics of rhizospheric soil together with in planta ionomics and morpho-physio-biochemical traits of two differentially Cd responsive maize cultivars. Cd-sensitive (31P41) and Cd-tolerant (3062) cultivars were grown in pots filled with 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 µg/kg CdCl2 supplemented soil. The results depicted that the maize cultivars significantly influenced the elemental dynamics of rhizosphere as well as in planta mineral accumulation under applied Cd stress. The uptake and translocation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn and Fe from rhizosphere and root cell sap was significantly higher in Cd stressed cv. 3062 as compared to cv. 31P41. In sensitive cultivar (31P41), Cd toxicity resulted in significantly prominent reduction of biomass, leaf area, chlorophyll, carotenoids, protein contents as well as catalase activity in comparison to tolerant one (3062). Analysis of tolerance indexes (TIs) validated that cv. 3062 exhibited advantageous growth and efficient Cd tolerance due to elevated proline, phenolics and activity of antioxidative machinery as compared to cv. 31P41. The cv. 3062 exhibited 54 % and 37 % less Cd bio-concentration (BCF) and translocation factors (TF), respectively in comparison to cv. 31P41 under highest Cd stress regime. Lower BCF and TF designated a higher Cd stabilization by tolerant cultivar (3062) in rhizospheric zone and its potential use in future remediation plans.
64 ref
ABBAS S, JAVED M T, ALI Q, AKRAM M S, TANWIR K, ALI S, CHAUDHARY H J, IQBAL N
000342 ABBAS S, JAVED M T, ALI Q, AKRAM M S, TANWIR K, ALI S, CHAUDHARY H J, IQBAL N (Botany Dep, Government College Univ, Faisalabad- 380 00, Pakistan) : Elucidating Cd-mediated distinct rhizospheric and in planta ionomic and physio-biochemical responses of two contrasting Zea mays L. cultivars. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2021, 27(2), 297-312.
Cadmium (Cd) in soil–plant system can abridge plant growth by initiating alterations in root zones. Hydroponics and rhizoboxes are useful techniques to monitor plant responses against various natural and/or induced metal stresses. However, soil based studies are considered more appropriate in order to devise efficient food safety and remediation strategies. The present research evaluated the Cd-mediated variations in elemental dynamics of rhizospheric soil together with in planta ionomics and morpho-physio-biochemical traits of two differentially Cd responsive maize cultivars. Cd-sensitive (31P41) and Cd-tolerant (3062) cultivars were grown in pots filled with 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 µg/kg CdCl2 supplemented soil. The results depicted that the maize cultivars significantly influenced the elemental dynamics of rhizosphere as well as in planta mineral accumulation under applied Cd stress. The uptake and translocation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn and Fe from rhizosphere and root cell sap was significantly higher in Cd stressed cv. 3062 as compared to cv. 31P41. In sensitive cultivar (31P41), Cd toxicity resulted in significantly prominent reduction of biomass, leaf area, chlorophyll, carotenoids, protein contents as well as catalase activity in comparison to tolerant one (3062). Analysis of tolerance indexes (TIs) validated that cv. 3062 exhibited advantageous growth and efficient Cd tolerance due to elevated proline, phenolics and activity of antioxidative machinery as compared to cv. 31P41. The cv. 3062 exhibited 54 % and 37 % less Cd bio-concentration (BCF) and translocation factors (TF), respectively in comparison to cv. 31P41 under highest Cd stress regime. Lower BCF and TF designated a higher Cd stabilization by tolerant cultivar (3062) in rhizospheric zone and its potential use in future remediation plans.
64 ref
RATH A, DAS A B
000341 RATH A, DAS A B (Botany Dep, Utkal Univ, Bhubaneswar- 751004, Odisha) : Chromium stress induced oxidative burst in Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper: physio-molecular and antioxidative enzymes regulation in cellular homeostasis. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2021, 27(2), 265-79.
Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper commonly known as blackgram is an important legume crop with good quality dietary proteins and vitamins. Low production of blackgram in the chromium rich soil of Odisha is a serious concern against its demand. Chromium (VI) was tested on V. mungo var. B3-8-8 at 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 µM concentration on growth, anti-oxidative enzymes and chromium content at 15, 30 and 45 d of treatments. Seed germination and growth decreased with increase dose and duration. Cr uptake induced oxidative burst with significant increase of osmolytes was observed in cell at lower doses but failed to adjust homeostasis at higher dose. Increase of GPX and SOD and decrease of CAT was observed as dose dependent. Increased protein content was detected in < 200 µM Cr concentration whereas, significant decrease of protein was noted thereafter. Down regulation of proteins (29.2 kDa and 32.6 kDa) was observed at > 250 µM of Cr. Total Cr uptake was greater in root than in shoot which might be due to poor translocation of heavy metal or detoxification. Thus, blackgram was able to maintain homeostasis at lower concentrations of Cr by activating the cascade of enzymes following cellular detoxification mechanism.
107 ref
BHAT M A, MURTHY H N
000276 BHAT M A, MURTHY H N (Botany Dep, Karnatak Univ, Dharwad- 580 003) : Isolation, characterization of neoandrographolide from andrographis macrobotrys nees and evaluation of its effect on lps induced tnf-α activity. Pharmacogn J 2021, 13(3), 669-74.
Andrographis macrobotrys Nees is an important species of genus Andrographis with applications in traditional medicine. Neoandrographolide is one of the constituents in this plant. But there are no previous reports of isolation of neoandrographolide from A. macrobotrys. Current work is undertaken to concentrate on isolation, characterization, and evaluation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibition activity of neoandrographolide from A. macrobotrys. For the isolation process techniques like column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and preparative TLC were used. Characterization was done by ultra visible (UV)-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), carbon-13 (C13) nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) analysis. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiaxo-2yl) 2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was done for the preliminary cytotoxicity test to standardize the sample concentration for the TNF-α inhibition study. The flowcytometric method was used to determine TNF-α inhibiting ability in a human monocytes cell line (THP-1). Neoandrographolide was isolated from methanolic extract of A. macrobotrys which had a melting point of 174-175ºC. FTIR results had shown stretching for –OH, 3427.58 cm-1,sp3-CH, lactone, and α, β unsaturated ester. NMR data confirmed 26 carbon structures. Cytotoxicity of isolated neoandrographolide was 22.59 μg/ml. Further lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced TNF-α inhibition was highest in the case of isolated neoandrographolide in comparison with the crude extract of A. macrobotrys. A. macrobotrys can be used as a new source of neoandrographolide with anti-inflammatory abilities by inhibiting the TNF-α release in THP-1 cells.
4 illus, 13 ref
BHAT M A, MURTHY H N
000275 BHAT M A, MURTHY H N (Botany Dep, Karnatak Univ, Dharwad- 580 003) : Isolation of andrographolide from andrographis lineata wall. ex nees var. lawii c.b. clarke and its anticancer activity against human ovarian teratocarcinoma. Pharmacogn J 2021, 13(3), 660-8.
Andrographolide is a well-known anticancer phytochemical often isolated from Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees. (Acanthaceae). Though Andrographis lineata Wall. ex Nees var. lawii C.B. Clarke (ALw) which also belongs to the same family has an adequate amount of andrographolide; remained untouched for isolation of andrographolide and anticancer studies. Therefore, this study was targeted to isolate the andrographolide from the leaves of ALw and to assess its role inthe induction of apoptosis against the human ovarian teratocarcinoma (PA-1) cell line. Column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), preparative TLC were used for the isolation and purification while melting point, ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), carbon-13 (C13) nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) analysis were carried out for characterization of the compound. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiaxo-2yl) 2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was carried out for cytotoxicity test and further Annexin-V staining, caspase 3 activity, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) activity, cell cycle analysis, and DNA damage study by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (dUTP) nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays were carried out for apoptosis study. Andrographolide was isolated from the methanolic extract of leaves of ALw which had a melting point of 230 ºC, λmax at 223 nm. FTIR results proved the presence of hydroxyl group, alkanes, carbon-carbon double bond, and a characteristic gamma lactone carbonyl. NMR data confirmed the 20 carbon structure. In the MTT assay cytotoxicity against PA-1 was at 3.7 μg/ml with other apoptotic assays supporting the induction of apoptosis by the compound at that concentration. ALw is proved to be an alternate source of andrographolide with potential abilities to induce apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells.
5 illus, 21 ref
DALAWAI D, MURTHY H N
000258 DALAWAI D, MURTHY H N (Botany Dep, Karnatak Univ, Dharwad- 580 003) : Chemical profile and antioxidant properties of Andrographis producta (c. b. clarke) gamble. Pharmacogn J 2021, 13(2), 475-85.
Andrographis producta (Acanthaceae) is endemic to Western Ghats, India, traditionally used by native people for the control of various ailments including intestinal worms, to relieve constipation and also used to eliminate phlegm in women during postpartum. To investigate the chemical compounds in root, stem and leaves of A. producta and their antioxidant properties. The phytochemical contents were determined using spectrophotometric methods and chemical profiling of root, stem and leaf extracts was carried out using GC-MS. Further, extracts were investigated for their antioxidant capacities using in vitro DPPH radical scavenging and FRAP assay. The total phenolics (163.61 mg GAE/g), flavonoids (35.11 ± 0.53 mg QE/g) and tannins (84.52 ± 0.07 mg TAE/g) were highest in stem compared to leaf and root. Stem was exerted superior antioxidant capacities in both DPPH (EC50 3.58 mg/ml) and FRAP assays (1.742 ± 0.02 OD at 1mg/ml) and were comparable to standards. GC-MS analysis revealed total 89 chemical compounds including phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids and organic acids. 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol (0.70 %), 2,4-ditert- butylphenol (9.74 %), phytol (10.32 %), 5-hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone (11.42 %), gammasitosterol (8.32 %), salvigenin (12.09 %), solanesol, (2.92 %), and alpha-terpinene (4.58 %) were important bioactive compounds found in significant amount. The present investigations indicate that various parts of A. producta can be explored as good source of antioxidants due to the presence of phenolics and flavonoids. The meticulous assessment of bioactive compounds from A. producta would be great contribution in field of medicine.
2 illus, 4 tables, 45 ref
NEMKUL C M, BAJRACHARYA G B, MAEDA H, SHRESTHA I
000227 NEMKUL C M, BAJRACHARYA G B, MAEDA H, SHRESTHA I (Botany Dep, Tribhuvan Univ, Kathmandu, Nepal) : Ethnomedicinal knowledge verification for the antidiarrheal and antioxidant effects of rhus chinensis mill. fruits with identification of thirty constituents. Pharmacogn J 2021, 13(1), 37-43.
Ethnobotanical survey in the rural villages in Nepal revealed that the fruits of Rhus chinensis Mill. have been using for the treatment of diarrhea and dysentery. To evaluate antimicrobial and antioxidant effects, and identification of chemical constituents in the fruits of R. chinensis. Phytochemical screening was performed on the hexane and 70% methanolic extracts of the sample followed by gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS). Total phenolic content (TPC) was estimated using Folin-Ciocalteu method. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant capacity. Antibacterial effect was estabilished by the Agar well diffusion assay. A total of 30 compounds belonging to phenolics, anhydrides, aldehydes, fatty acids and hydrocarbons were identified in the extracts. The TPC value of 123.52±1.29 mg GAE/g dry extract was estimated. IC50 value of 135.54±0.82 μg/mL was calculated in DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Scavenging of 42.69±0.1 % DPPH free radical and 63.20±1.48% hydrogen peroxide at 100 μg/mL concentration of 70 % methanolic extract were estimated. The maximum zone of inhibition (ZOI) observed was 23.00±0.57 mm against Escherichia coli at loading dose of 5 mg of the extract. All together 30 compounds were identified in the fruits. The extracts efficiently inhibited the growth of E. coli and Shigella dysenteriae verifying the rural knowledge. At the same time, the extracts displayed efficient antioxidant activity. The phytochemicals identified were responsible for these activities.
4 tables, 41 ref
CHOPRA V, SHARMA J G
000136 CHOPRA V, SHARMA J G (Botany Dep, Delhi Univ, Delhi- 110 007, Email: sharmajaigopal@gmail.com) : SEM-EDAX analysis of the soil samples of river Yamuna in Delhi region. Nat Environ Pollut Technol 2021, 20(1), 93-103.
A total of 18 samples were collected from two different sites at different depths of Yamuna river bed in Delhi. Nine samples were collected at Site A (Palla Village) from three different locations at different depths of the river bed. A similar set of 9 samples were collected from Site B (Okhla barrage). All samples were analysed for atomic and weight percentage of elements using SEM-EDAX. The major elements found in the study were Si, O, Al and Nb. Si and O are found in a maximum amount in all the samples with a varying range of atomic percentage 25.3-89.27 and 55.09-95.78 respectively. The recorded atomic percentage of Nb was 0.32 while Al was 16.7-25.51. Site A, Palla is least affected by pollution while at Site B the presence of Al revealed contamination from pollutants. The weight percentage of the elements has also been calculated. SEM images of soil samples revealed the platy flakes, irregular and spongy structure of soil particles.
25 illus, 42 ref
CHOWDHARY K, KAUSHIK N
000036 CHOWDHARY K, KAUSHIK N (TERI Institute, Lodhi Estate- 110 003, Delhi) : Bioprospecting endophytic fungi inhabiting Indian medicinal plants. Natl Acad Sci Lett 2021, 44(2), 173-6.
The present study investigates antimycotic potential of endophytic fungi towards economically relevant plant pathogenic organisms, viz. Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea. Plant-derived by-products such as saponins and essential oils are considered as effective antifungal agents. Therefore, essential-oil-producing plants, viz. Ocimum sanctum and Mentha piperita, and saponin-producing plants, viz. Asparagus racemosus and Chlorophytum borivilianum, were selected as host plants. Bioactive secondary metabolites identified by GC-MS analysis, i.e. 6-pentyl-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one and methyl hexadecanoic acid, demonstrated strong antimycotic activity towards F. oxysporum and S. sclerotiorum having IC50 value of 0.662 ppm and 1.002 ppm, respectively. Sulphamethazine was recognised as potent antifungal metabolite in bioactive fraction of Acremonium sp. through UPLC-MS/MS dereplication.
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BANO M, SHARMA G
000035 BANO M, SHARMA G (Botany Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu) : First report on aneusomaty and chromosomal chimeras in male track of Luffa cylindrica (l.) m. roem. Natl Acad Sci Lett 2021, 44(2), 167-72.
Morpho-cytological studies on existing germplasm of agronomically important taxa provide valuable data for identifying more productive, cytologically normal and stable lines. Presently, one commercial and two local cultivars, viz. MBLC1, MBLC2 and MBLC3 of Luffa cylindrica, were studied for morphological aspects. Of these, two (MBLC1 and MBLC2) bearing larger fruits were more productive. For determining cytological status of these cultivars, chromosome count was made from dividing somatic cells. While MBLC2 and MBLC3 had all the cells with normal diploid count (2n = 26), MBLC1 had deviant counts (23–25 chromosomes) in 8–47 % cells in five of the seven root tips scanned, with the cells of the remaining two tips having 26 chromosomes. For determining whether germ line cells also exhibit numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations, meiocytes of three cultivars were scrutinized for chromosome count and behavior. These cultivars usually had 7–11 % pollen mother cells (PMCs) with variable number of chromosomes (16–28). Besides, 4–6 % meiocytes of MBLC1 and MBLC2 were further notable in having quadri- and hexavalents. These anomalies accounted for irregular anaphasic segregations in 8.3 %, 9 % and 10.5 % cells of MBLC1, MBLC2 and MBLC3, with percentage pollen stainabilities of these being 89, 90 and 94, respectively. Seed set per fruit in the present cultivars, however, valued less (140, 161 and 152) than that on record for normal diploids. In view of current detection of aneusomaty, chromosomal chimerism in male track and reduced seed set in present cultivars, it is proposed that the cultivars commonly grown by farmers should be cytologically evaluated and only those with high yield, normal diploid count, regular chromosome behavior and good seed set should be recommended for cultivation.
20 ref
DAS S K, SINGH D
000034 DAS S K, SINGH D (Botanical Survey of India, Howrah- 711 103, West Bengal) : Epiphytic algae on the bryophytes of Larsemann hills, East Antarctica. Natl Acad Sci Lett 2021, 44(2), 161-5.
The epiphytic algae on the bryophytes of Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica, are taxonomically investigated, and sixteen algal species are recognized including ten species of blue–green algae dominated by the species of Nostoc, three species of green algae, a xanthophycean alga and two diatoms. The occurrence of algae on different bryophytes is dependent on water-holding capacity of the bryophytes and sometimes nutrient enrichment in nearby lands through the excretion of resting sea birds. Thus, the bryophyte colonies in Broknes Peninsula, Fisher and Solomon Islands have rich and diverse epiphytic algal populations among the 18 study sites. The present study not only widens our knowledge on polar algal distribution, but can also be preferred as ‘model’ environment for the further studies of plant-adaptive strategies to thrive in the harshest environment.
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ASTHANA A K, SRIVASTAVA P
000033 ASTHANA A K, SRIVASTAVA P (CSIR- National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow- 226 001) : Riccia boliviensis jovet-ast, new to Asia from India with disjunct distribution beyond South America. Natl Acad Sci Lett 2021, 44(2), 155-9.
Riccia boliviensis Jovet-Ast is recorded for the first time in Asia from the Eastern Ghats area of Andhra Pradesh (India). It is a disjunct distribution of this taxon recorded in Asia beyond South America as earlier it was reported from Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela and Bolivia (South America). The species can be readily distinguished in having spores exhibiting prominent triradiate mark and vermiculate sculpturing on its proximal face, while distal surface has sinuose ridges forming areolation at some places with tubercles at angles. Morpho-taxonomic account of Indian plants with distributional map is provided in the present contribution.
20 ref
ASTHANA A K, SRIVASTAVA P
000033 ASTHANA A K, SRIVASTAVA P (CSIR- National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow- 226 001) : Riccia boliviensis jovet-ast, new to Asia from India with disjunct distribution beyond South America. Natl Acad Sci Lett 2021, 44(2), 155-9.
Riccia boliviensis Jovet-Ast is recorded for the first time in Asia from the Eastern Ghats area of Andhra Pradesh (India). It is a disjunct distribution of this taxon recorded in Asia beyond South America as earlier it was reported from Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela and Bolivia (South America). The species can be readily distinguished in having spores exhibiting prominent triradiate mark and vermiculate sculpturing on its proximal face, while distal surface has sinuose ridges forming areolation at some places with tubercles at angles. Morpho-taxonomic account of Indian plants with distributional map is provided in the present contribution.
20 ref
JAYAKUMAR M, RAJAVEL M, SURENDRAN U
000019 JAYAKUMAR M, RAJAVEL M, SURENDRAN U (Central Coffee Research Institute, Chikmagalur, Karnataka) : Impact of drip fertigation on weed population, dry weight and yield of onion in semiarid tropical region of India. Natl Acad Sci Lett 2021, 44(2), 87-9.
Field demonstrations were conducted during rabi season for two years in seven locations of Tiruppur District, Tamil Nadu state to study the weed density under drip fertigation and conventional method of cultivation (Farmer’s practice). Nine weed species emerged with a frequency of more than 50 % irrespective of the locations. Drip fertigation with recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) produced the highest bulb yield of onion when compared with the conventional method of cultivation. Total population of weeds and weed dry weight were minimum under drip fertigation.
15 ref
BANERJEE A, CHAKRABORTY P, BANDOPADHYAY R
000018 BANERJEE A, CHAKRABORTY P, BANDOPADHYAY R (Botany Dep, Burdwan Univ, Bardhaman- 713 104, West Bengal) : Molecular mechanism controlling the circadian rhythm: Nobel prize winning research in physiology or medicine’ 17. Natl Acad Sci Lett 2021, 44(1), 81-3.
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2017 is awarded jointly to Hall, Rosbash and Young for their phenomenal discovery of tiny biological clock working in every living being helping the anticipation and adaptation of biological rhythms to get synchronized with Earth’s evolution.
8 ref
KUMARI P, KHAJURIA A, WANI I A, KHAN S, VERMA S
000017 KUMARI P, KHAJURIA A, WANI I A, KHAN S, VERMA S (Botany Dep, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah Univ, Rajouri- 185 234, J&K) : Effect of floral size reduction on pollination and reproductive efficiency of female flowers of Valeriana wallichii, a threatened medicinal plant. Natl Acad Sci Lett 2021, 44(1), 75-9.
Valeriana wallichii DC. (Valerianaceae), a threatened medicinal plant of Himalayan region, has individuals showing 3 patterns of sex expression (female, hermaphrodite, and gynomonoecious). In the present study, the effect of floral size reduction on pollination efficiency of female flowers on female plants of Valeriana wallichii has been determined. To check entomophily as the possible mode of pollination, plants growing in nature are monitored whether or not the flowers are visited by some insects. Apis dorsata and Apis cerana are observed to be the main pollinators of this species. Female plants receive less pollinator service as compared to hermaphrodite plants. Reduced floral size in females offers more number of stigmas to get pollinated in a single visit as greater number of flowers get in contact with the visiting insect. The time of stigma receptivity also varies in female and hermaphrodite flowers. In females, it remains receptive for longer duration. Further, the pollen load on stigmata of open pollinated hermaphrodite as well as female flowers is studied. It is experimentally demonstrated that at the end of the season, the amount of pollen load is lesser in females as compared to hermaphrodites. Reproductive output of both types of individuals is estimated, and seed germination experiments are performed. Reproductive output and seed germination are more in females.
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