017074   Salgare S A (NO, Salgare Res Foundation Pvt. Ltd., Prathamesh Society, Shivaji Chowk, Karjat-410 201, Email: drsalgare@rediffmail.com) : Juxtaposed superposed multiple megagametophytes trisoric development in Cyamopsis psoralioides DC. - a record for the angisperms. Pl Archs 2007, 7(1), 433-5.

Cyamopsis psoralioides DC., is a member of the Papilionaceae. From the arrangement of the Juxtaposed superposed multiple megagametophytes it is very clear that it has been originated from an inverted T -shaped megaspore tetrad. The upper or the micropylar megagametophyte which is having seven nuclei (after division of the bigger nucleus) would contribute to the egg apparatus, secondary nucleus and partially antipodals. Juxtaposed twin megagametopytes would contribute to the rest of the antipodals.

32 ref

017073   Salgare S A (NO, Salgare Res Foundation Pvt. Ltd., Prathamesh Society, Shivaji Chowk, Karjat-410 201, Email: drsalgare@rediffmail.com) : Multiple megaspore tetrads in Phaseolus aureus Roxb. - a new record for the leguminales. Pl Archs 2007, 7(1), 431-2.

The first meiotic division proceeds in the megasprocyte to form a dyad. Each cell of the dyad divides by a transverse wall as a result of which a linear tetrad of megaspores is formed. Sometimes, a change in the plane of division of the second meiotic division in the micropylar dyad member results in the formation of a T-shaped tetrad. However, in one case the micropylar dyad member divided obliquely instead of transversely or vertically. Such a type of megaspore tetrad seems to be a first record for the Papilionaceae and can not be fitted in ay of the tetrad patterns of Rembert (1967a - Ph.D. Thesis, 67b, 69, 71) and seems to be a type by itself. And if this be so, then it might disturb the phylogenetic arrangement of the species of the Papilionaceae as suggested by Rembert (I 967a, 67b, 69, 71).

^ssc20 ref

017072   Sahu I K;Shaw S S;Mandawi N C (Entomology Dep, I.G.A.U., Raipur-492 006) : Basis of ressistance in tomato genotypes against tomato leaf miner, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess). J appl Zool Res 2006, 17(1), 95-7.

Thirteen tomato genotypes were screened against tomato leaf miner, Liriomyza trifolii; (Burgess) during spring summer season of 2001-2002. Lowest% affected leaves by leaf miner was recorded in NS 101 followed by Punjab Keshri and Manimaker in upper & in middle leaves but genotype S-22 had least infestation on lower leaves. Significantly maximum percentage of affected upper leaves was observed in Ganpati followed by Pusa Ruby and Sanjeewani, BWT 101, whereas, Ganpati and Sadabahar genotypes had maximum damaged middle leaves. Maximum infestation in lower leaves was found in genotypes Pusa Ruby, Sadabahar, Ganpati and Paras Dadi. The leaf area of lower leaves was positively correlated with per cent affected leaves. Leaf miner had the maximum opportunity for its oviposition and feeding or shelter based on the availability of leaf surface, which might be responsible for the susceptibility of different tomato genotypes. Number of trichomes on middle leaves was negatively correlated with per cent affected leaves and presence of trichomes might have created adverse effect on oviposition and feeding or shelter of leaf miner.

1 table, 6 ref

017071   Sabale A;Mane A (Botany Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur-416 004, Email: anjaliibs@yahoo.co.in) : Biochemical constitutents of Allium cepa :. bulbs under the influence of maleic hydrazide. Crop Res 2006, 32(3), 517-19.

Biochemical parameters were analysed in the bulbs of two Allium cepa L. varieties viz., N-53 and N-2-4-1 after seed treatment of maleic hydrazide. The analysis revealed that both the onion varieties had maximum total sugars, vitamin C, nitrogen, phosphorus and magnesium at 100 ppm maleic hydrazide treatment. Lower concentration of maleic hydrazide positively influenced the levels ofN, P, K, Ca and Mg. The variety N-53 exhibited a higher nutritive value than N-2-4-1 and responded well to the maleic hydrazide treatment. Application of 100 ppm MH enhanced the food value of bulbs in the onion varieties tested.

1 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

017070   Radhika P;Sahadeva Reddy B (NO, Regional Agricultural Research Station, ANGARU, Nandyal-518 503) : Natural incidence of Nomureae rileyi (Farlow) samson on Helicoverpa arimigera Hubner on cotton in scarce rainfall zone of Andhra Pradesh. J appl Zool Res 2006, 17(1), 94.

Natural incidence of Nomurae rileyi has been recorded for the first time on American bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera Hubn. infesting cotton in Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh in the scarce rainfall zone.

4 ref

017069   Radhika P;Sahadeva Reddy B (NO, Regional Agricultural Research Station, ANGARU, Nandyal-518 503) : New record of the green stink bug, Nezara viridula Linn. on cotton in scarce rainfall zone of Andhra Pradesh. J appl Zool Res 2006, 17(1), 93.

For the first time, infestation of the green stink bug, Nazera viridula Linn. (Hemiptera:. Pentatomidae) has been recorded on cotton during the crop season 2005-06 in the scarce rainfall zone of Andhra Pradesh.

2 illus, 5 ref

017068   Prakash J W et al (Botany Dep and Res Centre, Scott Christian College, Nagercoil) : Diversity of Lycopsida and Filicopsida on the river banks of Neyyar, Trivandrum, south Kerala. J Nat Conserv 2006, 18(2), 425-30.

Study was carried out in the river banks of Neyyar, Trivandrum and concentrated on the Filicopsida and Lycopsida. In both the classes 11 orders, 18 families and 30 species were identified. The dominant families are Selaginellaceae, Pteridaceae, Adiantaceae.

1 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

017067   Pandey J;Joshi T (Botany Dep, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh) : Effect of SO₂ seedling growth of two woody perennialis as influenced by soil moisture in the root environment. Pl Archs 2007, 7(1), 71-5.

Six month old seedlings of Cassia fistula and Delonix regia were exposed to 0.15 ppm SO₂ for 4h daily for 150 days. Plants were maintained in earthen pots under two levels of soil moisture (well-watered and water-stressed). Observations indicated fertilization effects on seedling growth at initial stage of fumigation (upto 30 days). However, all the growth variables showed declining trends as the cummulative dose of S02 increased. The reductions in plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and in concentrations of chlorophyll, ascorbic acid total-N as well as on sulphate-S accumulation in leaves were more pronounced in SO₂ exposed plants grown under well watered condition. The study suggests that low doses of SO₂ although fertilizes the seedlings of woody perennials, high doses of this pollutant are highly toxic. The study further suggests that the moisture status in the root environment alters the susceptibility of C. fistula and D. regia to SO₂ pollution.

4 tables

017066   Pandey A;Singh S;Singh S V;Tewari D D (Botany Dep, M.L.K. (P.G.) College, Balrampur, Uttar Pradesh) : Traditional phytotherapy and conservation of wild medicinal plants of Faizabad district of eastern U.P.. J Nat Conserv 2006, 18(2), 277-81.

Thirty eight medicinal plants have been recorded during 2005-2006. They are used by local inhabitants of rural area in the treatment and cure of different diseases, ailment and disorders of human beings. The plants are arranged family wise along with their botanical and local names, parts used and the ailments where it is used.

1 table, 9 ref

017065   Paliwal A K;Hemlata (Botany Dep, Gov P.G. College, Bageshwar-263 642) : Climbers of Bageshwar district of Uttaranchal. Pl Archs 2007, 7(1), 419-20.

Deals with the climbers collected during year 1999-2004 and describes an account of the survey of climber vegetation found in Bageshwar district of Kumaun region of Uttaranchal and is supplement to the lists of plants reported by T. A. Rao (1960) and R. Strachey (1906). Records 25 species of climbers reported from Bageshwar district of Uttaranchal.

9 ref

017064   Paliwal A K;Hemlata (Botany Dep, Gov P.G. College, Bhubaneshwar-263 642) : Wild edible plants of Bageshwar district of Uttaranchal. Pl Archs 2007, 7(1), 409-14.

Deals with the wild edible plants collected during year 2001-2003 and describes an account of the survey of vegetation found in Bageshwar district of Kumaun region of Uttaranchal and is supplement to the lists of plants reported by T.A. Rao (1960) and R. Strachey (1906). Records 110 species of wild edible plants of angiosperms which are of great economical value among local people.

14 ref

017063   Nath D R;Bhuyan M;Goswami S (Defence Res Lab, , Tejpur-784 001) : Botanicals as mosquito larvicides. Def Sci J 2006, 56(4), 507-11.

Methanol extracts of 19 indigenous plants were evaluated as mosquito larvicide. Among these, pericarp of Zanthoxylum limonella was found to have the most promising larvicidal properties against Aedes(s) albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus with LC₉₀ values at 0.47 ppm and 0.73 ppm, respectively. The extract of Piper nigrum was also found very effective (LC₉₀) on the larvae of both the species at 6.8 ppm and 8.4 ppm, respectively. The extracts of the remaining plant parts showed LC₉₀ values at above 100 ppm concentration. Extract of Calotropis gigantea was found to be the least effective (LC₉₀ values at 962.8 ppm and 1091.8 ppm) against the larvae of both the species. However, plant extracts were found more effective against Aedes (s) albopictus larvae than against Culex quinquefasciatus larvae.

^ssc1 table, 18 ref

017062   Nagaraja Rao P;Chittaranjan Rao B (Zoology Dep, O.U. College for Women, Osmania University, Koti, Hyderabad) : Bioefficacy of synthetic sex-pheromones against three lepidopteran pests in the farmers' fields. J appl Zool Res 2006, 17(1), 98-102.

Bioefficacy of the synthetic sex pheromones was studied against three important lepidopteran pests viz., Scirpophaga incertulas, Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura in agroecosystem of Basuregadi village of Medchal Mandel of Andhra Pradesh during 2003 8. 2004. The pheromones of two companies i.e. Ag Bio systems Pvt. Ltd (AGB), Hyderabad and Pest Control (India) Pvt. Ltd. (PCI), Mumbai were tested. The sex pheromone lures of S. incertulas and H. armigera of both AGB and PCI Company's were made of rubber septa, whereas pheromone lure of S. litura were loaded in polyvinylchloride (PVC) vials. Populations of S. litura were highest, followprl by S. incertulas and H. armigera in these trials.

2 tables, 20 ref

017061   Lovkesh;Beniwal J;Pahil V S (Plant Pathol Dep, CCS Haryana Agric Univ, Hisar-125 004) : Physiological and fungistatic interaction studies between Pleurotus spp. and Trichoderma viride. Crop Res 2006, 32(3), 499-503.

Pleurotus mushroom which is generally referred to as "Oyster mushroom" world over and as "Dhingri" in India. As the substrate of oyster mushroom is not made selective like that of Agaricus bisporus, therefore, the substrate is easily affected by Trichoderma viride (Gren mould) and may result in crop failure. Three Pleurotus spp. viz., Pleurotus sajor-caju, P. florida and P. flabellatus were taken for interaction studies between Pleurotus spp. and T. viride in relation to temperature, pH, culture filtrate, fungitoxicants, botanicals and management of T. viride during oyster cultivation. Interaction studies between T. viride and Pleurotus spp. showed decreasing trend in per cent growth inhibition of Pleurotus spp. with increase or decrease in temperature rom 30°C and maximum inhibition was observed at 30°C. In case of pH, the trend was just opposite to that of temperature. The growth inhibition was maximum at pH 5 and it decreased with the increase in pH. Pleurotus growth per cent inhibition decreased with decrease in culture filtrate concentration of T. viride. Carbendazim completely inhibited the growth of T. viride without affecting the growth of Pleurotus at 50 ppm concentration. Growth inhibition of T. viride as well as Pleurotus spp. increased with the increase in concentration of different fungitoxicants. Maximum yield was obtained when carbendazim was used followed by carbendazim plus neem spray.

5 tables, 9 ref

017060   Kavitha C;Vadivel E;Thangamani C;Rajamani K (Horticultural College and Res Institute, , Tamil Nadu Agric Univ) : Variations in starch accumulation among tuberous and non tuberous genotypes of Coleus forskohlii Briq.. Pl Archs 2007, 7(1), 161-4.

Coleus forskohlii Briq. is an indigenous medicinal plant and it is cultivated in many parts of India for its roots which is often used for making pickles. A detailed study for variation in starch accumulation in the leaves and roots/tubers in thirty seven genotypes collected from different Coleus growing areas of Tamil Nadu and Kamataka has been carried out. Wide variation for starch accumulation has been noticed among the genotypes and the tuberous genotypes accumulated less starch in the leaves than non tuberous genotypes at harvest and it was confirmed by the leaf microtome sections. However the starch accumulation was greater in the tuber in the tuberous genotypes than non tuberous genotypes.

1 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

017059   Kapoor S;Singh M.P. (Botany Dep, T.D. College, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh) : Biological spectrum and ethnomedicinal studies of plant community around the railway track embankment at Jaunpur. Pl Archs 2007, 7(1), 323-9.

The biological spectrum, habit, ethnomedicinal importance and floristic composition of plants around the railway track embankment were studied extensively in all the seasons throughout the year at Jaunpur. Total 69 species, which were distributed among 28 families, were recorded. The biological spectrum includes Phanerophytes (14.59%), Chamaephytes (4.34%), Hemicryptophytes (10.14%), Cryptophytes (1.44%) and Therophytes (77.46%). Poaceae was the largest family with 10 species followed by Asteraceae with 8 species and then Euphorbiaceae with 7 species. The dominance of therophytes on the study area showed biotic stresses, in which overgrazing was of great significance. Majority of plant species are used as home remedies against different diseases by the people residing around the railway track embankment. In most of the cases (40%), leaves were used for curing ailment followed by whole plant & roots. The documented ethnomedicinal plants were mostly used to cure skin diseases, poison bites, wound and rheumatism etc. By publishing their practical experiences will not only make young generation aware about ethnomedicinal knowledge, but also the people will have easy and cheap access to cure the minor diseases.

1 illus, 1 table, 25 ref

017058   Kalia S;Singh R B;Das R (NO, Forest Research Institute (FRI), P.O. New Forest, Dehradun-248 006) : Populus deltoides Bartr.: a new host of Eupterote undata Blanchard. J appl Zool Res 2006, 17(1), 120.

During the survey programme (2003) to collect insect pests of poplar, Populus deltoids Bartr., a new insect pest viz. Eupterote undata Blanchard (Lepidoptera: Eupterotidae) encounted in the plantations at Bahadarabad in Uttaranchal as new record on this important forest tree.

5 ref

017057   Kadam V B;Ahire P P (Botany Dep, Deogiri College, Aurangabad-431 005) : Bio-chemical analysis of three endangered medicinal taxa of South Gujarat Forests. Pl Archs 2007, 7(1), 317-18.

Seasonal variation of lipid have been investigated in leaf, bark, wood and seeds of Semecarpus anacardium, Mollatus philippensis and Pterocarpus marsupium which are medicinally important and extremely rare in South Gujarat Forest. The seeds of Semecarpus anacardium showed high level of (360 mg/g dry wt.) lipid than Mollatus philippensis and Pterocarpus marsupium (84.40 and 62.50 mg/g dry wt.) respectively.

1 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

017056   Kachhawaha V;Sah P;Singhvi P M (Zoology Dep, J.N.V. University, Jodhpur-342 005) : Effect of some benzimidazole derivatives on Tribolium confusum (Herbt.) infesting stored sorghum. J appl Zool Res 2006, 17(1), 89-92.

Phthaloyl substituted benzimidazole derivatives coupled with sulpha drugs using amino acids as precursors have been synthesized through aromatization. Structure elucidation by physical and spectral analysis i.e. I.R., PMR and Mass and their bioactivity has been carried out. The compounds synthesized were evaluated as sorghum grain protectant @ 1.0 ml, 2.5 ml and 5.0 ml/100 gm seeds against the development of confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Herbst. The survival percentage of the beetle reduced significantly in the seeds treated with the synthesized phthaloyl substituted benzimidazole derivatives. The synthesized compounds prolonged the development from 10 - 14 days on an average by using 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 ml/100 gm seeds. All the synthesized phthaloyl substituted benzimidazole derivatives proved effective as compared to control against T. confusum.

1 table, 7 ref

017055   Jayakumar J;Sundaram T;Raguramarajan A;Kannan S (Biotechnology Lab, Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore) : Path analysis in maize (Zea mays L.) for grain yield and other yield attributes. Pl Archs 2007, 7(1), 279-82.

The studies were conducted to find out the yield attribute traits and their relationship in maize through path analysis. Knowledge on path analysis will also be of great help as it enhances the rate of improvement by laying the differential emphasis on the component characters during selection. This study revealed that grains per row recorded maximum positive direct effect on grain yield followed by ear length, ear girth, days to tasselling, total sugars and plant height. The maximum negative direct effect on grain yield was recorded by kernel rows followed by days to silking, crude protein, grain weight, days to maturity, shelling percentage and leaves above uppermost ear. Grains per row exhibited positive indirect effects via., ear length, ear girth, days to silking, plant height, total sugars and days to maturity. Based on the path analysis, the characters grains per row, ear length and ear girth were reliable for selection programme for grain yield improvement in maize. The residual effect on yield was low which inferred sufficient to explain grain yield and other yield contributing characters.

1 table, 18 ref

017054   Gor S H;Jadeja B A;Odedra N K;Bhatt D C (Botany Dep, Bahauddin Science College, Junagadh-362 001) : Ethnobotanical uses of Achyranthes aspera L. in Saurashtra region of Gujarat, India. Pl Archs 2007, 7(1), 207-09.

Achyranthes aspera L. is an erect or subscandent, annual herb, belonging to the family Amaranthaceae. A typical ruderal of open, dry, waste places, road sides and weed of neglected areas in the gardens. The plant has been use for years by rural and tribal communities living in Saurashtra region for treating various diseases including gynaecological disorders. Therefore, it is warranted that step needs to be taken up for laboratory research to probe for validity test as claimed by herbalists and ultimately evolve a system for bio-prospecting and bio-partnership in bringing about cultivation.

1 illus, 10 ref

017053   Ghasemi Pirbalouti A;Reza Golparvar A (Agronomy and Plant Biology Dep, Islamic Azad Univ of Shahrekord, PO Box 166, Shahrekord, Iran, Email: ghasemi955@yahoo.com) : Seed germination and dormancy breaking of three species of Iranian medicinal herbs. Crop Res 2006, 32(3), 556-9.

In order to evaluate the seeds, germination and dormancy of Denaei thyme, Thymus daenensis Celak, Zagros local yarrow, Achillea millefolium L. and Zagros local hyssop, Hyssopus officinalis L., this study was conducted with completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatments and three replications in 2004-05. These treatments were soaked in KN0₃ (20% v/v) for 20 min, 1 molar thio urea for 24 h, 100,500 and 1000 ppm GA₃ for 48 h. After each treatment, seeds were transferred to chamber growth with dark/light regime (dark 16 h/light 8 h), alternative temperature (15°C/20°C) and relative humidity between 75 and 80%. The results of ANOVA showed that the effect of various treatments on Thymus daenensis Celak, Achillea millefolium L. and Hyssopus officinalis L. germination percentage was highly significant (P≤0.01). In the case of Thymus daenensis, highest germination percentage was obtained when the seeds were treated, soaked in KN0₃ (20% v/v). For Hyssopus officinalis and Achillea millefolium, the highest germination percentage was found when the seeds were exposed to 500 ppm GA₃.

3 illus, 1 table

017052   Garg N;Singla R (Panjab University, , Chandigarh-160 014, Email: gargneera@yahoo.co.in) : Salinity stress induced changes in cation equilibria and organic solute contents in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars differing in salt tolerance. Crop Res 2006, 32(3), 520-7.

Four cultivars of chickpea (two desi-CSG 8962, DCP 92-3 and two kabuli-CSG 9651, BG 267) with differential tolerance to salinity have been compared by analyzing cation equilibria and organic solute contents. Chickpea cultivars were inoculated with Mesorhizobium ciceri strain F : 75 and were raised in greenhouse. After establishment of symbiosis, I5-day old seedlings were treated with salt (0, 4, 6, 8 dSm-1 NaCI, Na₂S0₄, CaCI₂) till harvest time. The plants were harvested three times (40, 70 and 100 DAS) for various analyses. The tolerant cultivars (CSG 8962 and CSG 9651) had lower sodium, higher potassium in shoots as compared to susceptible cultivars (DCP 92-3 and BG 267). Chickpea cultivar CSG 9651 having highest K/Na ratio was most tilerant. Thus, the differences in cation equilibria within the plant can be used in identifying resistant cultivars. Although, salinity decreased the total protein and nitrogen content in all chickpea cultivars, it increased the amino acids and total soluble sugars accumulation in the shoots. Kabuli cultivars showed higher salt tolerance because of the capacity to maintain cation equilibrium and accumulate higher organic solutes than both the desi types. The present study clearly indicated that changes in the metabolic profile seemed to be respnsible for salt tolerance or susceptibility of cultivar.

6 illus, 1 table, 30 ref

017051   Chaudhary B L;Meena L (Botany Dep, Univ College of Sci, Mohal Lal Sukhadia Univ, Udaipur-313 001, Email: lmeenak@yahoo.com) : Taxonomic enumeration of Lyngbya Ag. species from Udaipur district, Rajasthan (India). Pl Archs 2007, 7(1), 225-7.

The six species Lyngbya Ag were collected from various sites of Udaipur district, Rajasthan. Extensive survey of Udaipur district of Rajasthan to explore the status of cyanobacteria was undertaken during 2004-06. Six species of Lyngbya Ag were identified.

6 illus, 6 ref

017050   Chaudhary B L;Dulawat C S (Bryology Lab, Botany Dep, College of Sci, Udaipur-313 001, Email: csdulawat@yahoo.com) : Ethnobotanical studies on the ferns and fern allies of Sitamata Wild Life Sanctuary, Rajasthan, India. Pl Archs 2007, 7(1), 179-81.

Description is given of the ethnobotanical importance of 8 species of ferns and fern allies found commonly in the tribal inhabitat areas in the Sitamata Wild Life Sanctuary. The information received was confirmed several times and from the people of different tribes. The observations were found in close conformity with that given in Ayurvedic literature. Botanical name, local name, details of folk remedies is given for each plant reported.

1 illus, 11 ref

017049   Chakraborti S (Agricultural Entomology Dep, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-412 252) : Search for maskers of damaged tree volatiles and adult management of cashew stem and root borer. J appl Zool Res 2006, 17(1), 72-6.

Effort was made to find out a suitable masker for the volatiles emitted from the infested cashew tree. Results indicated that double-coat paint, neem oil 20%, castor oil 20% and coal tar were effective as maskers for volatiles. Only 2.17 - 4.76% trees around the source of inoculum recorded infestation in the treatments when compared to 17.8 - 21.42% in checks. In an effort to manage the borer adults, the results showed that baited net' cages containing fresh frass, infested bark, whole body extracts of borer adults of neem oil 20% as repellent or netting the basal 2 m tree trunk and 0.5m radius ground area around base of the infested tree were effective. Treatment brought down the adult density in plantation, which significantly reduced the egg density on trees.

2 tables, 4 ref

017048   Baskaran M;Rathinavel S;Sellathurai T;Prema S;Natarajan K K (Plant Tisse Culture Lab, Centre for Res in Botany, Saraswathi Narayanan College, Madurai-625 022, Email: rathinavel_sn@hotmail.com) : In vitro propagation and conservation of Gymnema sylvestre (Retz) R.Br.. Pl Archs 2007, 7(1), 283-6.

In vitro micropropagation of Gymnema sylvestre from adult nodal explants was done using MS medium with selected plant growth regulators. MS medium with BA alone at different concentrations and combinations induced shoot formation, and number of shoots maximized with the addition of KIN at 2 μM. MS supplemented with cytokinins (BA and KIN) did not produce root. MS with cytokinins (BA and KIN) with NAA each at 2 μM found to be optimum for induction of both shoots and roots. The nodal explants produced callusing in the culture media combinations used in this study. MS with IAA and NAA showed characteristic induction of callusing but neither induced root or shoot. Present results testify that plantlets regeneration of this valuable medicinal plant may be achieved for restoration towards it's potential and sustainable utility in traditional healthcare practices.

1 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

017047   Bakshi Khaniki G;Mohsennezhad F (Biology Dep, Payame Noor Univ, P.O. Box 19395-4697, Tehran, Iran) : Morphological and chemical studies on seed and seedling of Iranian Ocimum basilicum L. population. Pl Archs 2007, 7(1), 53-60.

Morphological and chemical investigation on seeds and seedlings of some Iranian population of Ocimum basilicum L. was carried out in two stages. Some of chemical compositions and morphological factors were determined on them and results compared between collected and cultivated samples. Chemical factors such as total fat (28.98-17.25% of dw) and fatty acids content (using gas chromatography technique) were estimated. Saturated are: palmitic (34.81-2.05 mol%) stearic (7.56-1.42 mol%; and unsaturated are: Oleic (22.81 mol% ), linoleic(25.60-15.55 mol%),l inolenic (53.89-28.08 mol%). Morphological factors was obtained as the following: swelling (44.66-25.33ml), shoot length in seedlings (3.20-0.88 mm), root length in seedlings (4.93-0.53 mm), seed' width (l.55-1.31 mm), seed' length (2.68-2.14 mm), weight of thousand seed (2.33-1.08 g), germination percentage (98.66-37.33%). Morphological studies on Ocimum basilicum accessions showed a high level of variability in recorded traits and Iranian basil possess valuable unsaturated fatty acids properties, mucilage for culinary and possible medicinal uses. Cases of these variations in different region's population due to genetic, soil and climate differences.

10 illus, 4 tables, 33 ref

017046   Bakhshi Khaniki G (Faculty of Sci, Payame Noor Univ, P.O. Box. 19395-4697, Tehran, Iran) : Taxonomic revision of the genus Rhinopetalum (Liliaceae) in Iran. Pl Archs 2007, 7(1), 47-52.

Taxonomic revision of the genus Rhinopelalum in Iran is presented, including a key, synonyms, descriptions, illustrations, taxonomic comments, ecology, and citation of specimens examined. The genus Rhinopetalum contains five species, Rh. gibbosum (Boiss.) Losinsk. And V ved., Rh. arianum Losinsk. And V ved., Rh. karelinii Fisch. ex D. Don, Rh. bucharicum (Regel) Losinsk., and Rh. stenantherum Regel, of which the two former ones occur in Iran. It is concluded that the following characters are very important in taxonomy of the genus: bulb morphology; stem and habit; leaf number, shape, colour and position; inflorescence, flower colour and morphology; nectary, androecium and pollen morphology; gynoecium, fruit and seed morphology.

3 illus, 6 ref

017045   Bagul R M;Yadav S S (Botany Dep, A.S.C. College, Chopda, Jalgaon-425 107) : Threat assessment of some medicinally important plants of Satpuda forest east Khandesh: a conservative approach. Pl Archs 2007, 7(1), 367-70.

East Khandesh Satpuda comprises Jalgaon district rich in vegetation composed of humid and semi evergreen species, along with deciduous and mixed species. Excessive harvest on herbal medicine from the area has eroded these resources severely. A 15 medicinal plants assessed as per the methods suggested by MPCC Pune (2001) are given.

14 ref

017044   Arya S;Rana P K;Sharma R;Arya I D (Tissue Culture Discipline, Division of Botany, Forest Research Institute, Dehru Dun) : Tissue culture technology for rapid multiplication of Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro. Indian For 2006, 132(3), 345-57.

Micropropagating of Dendrocalamus giganteus through axillary bud culture is described. Multiple shoots were induced from in-vitro culture of nodal shoot segments containing axillary bud. Nodal segments produced axillary shoots in 2-3 weeks on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with BAO (10-40 μM). These shoots were excised from mother explants and subcultured on different concentrations of BAP in MS medium. Highest shoot multiplication rate of 5.44 fold was obtained on 20 μM BAP medium. On MS medium supplemented with Kn only 3-4 fold shoot multiplication was obtained. The addition of BAP (10 μM) in the kinetin (10 <109>

17 ref, 9 tables

017043   Arulbalachandran D;Mullaninathan L;Velu S (Botany Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar-608 002, Email: lmullai@yahoo.co.in) : Variation of chlorophyll content in blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] influenced by gamma rays and EMS. Pl Archs 2007, 7(1), 233-5.

Chlorophyll plays crucial role in productivity of crops through photosynthesis. Chlorophyll content directly correlated with efficiency of photosynthesis. So many mechanisms have been used to enhance chlorophyll level to improve the quality of crop plant. Among them one of the best methods is mutagenesis, in which mutagen influences the genetic base, which modifies the pathways of chlorophyll biosynthesis. The motif of investigation is to isolate the optimum dose of mutagens which gives higher chlorophyll contents.

1 table, 18 ref

017042   Anpin Raja R D et al (Botany Dep and Res Centre, Scott Christian College, Nagercoil-629 003) : Wild edible fruits in Scott Christian College. J Nat Conserv 2006, 18(2), 349-56.

Fruits have been man's food from time immemorial. They contain high quantity of carbohydrates and vitamins. A large number of wild edible fruiting plants are being destructed or forgotten. The study aims to list out twenty-eight species found in the wide campus of Scott Christian College, Nagercoil.

1 illus, 7 ref

017041   Alagesaboopathi C;Maharajan S;Iniyavan M (Biotechnology Dep, Pee Gee College of Arts and Science, Periyanahalli-635 205) : Ethnomedicinal plants used by tribals of Pachamalais, Tiruchirappalli district, Tamil Nadu, India. Pl Archs 2007, 7(1), 341-2.

Highlights with ethnomedicinal uses of 20 plant species occurring in Pachamalais, Tiruchirappalli district, Tamilnadu. The binomial, family name, vernacular name and plant parts used for each plant species is given along with its medicinal uses.

11 ref

016162   Yadav R;Aery N C;Rajendra Kumar, (Botany Dep, Geo Botany and Biogeochemistry Laboraotry, College of Science, M.L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur) : Effect of nickel and cobalt on the content of carbohydrates and phenols in cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.). Proc Natn Acad Sci India-Sect B 2006, 76(4), 368-72.

Effect of various levels of nickel and cobalt on the contents of carbohydrates and phenols in cowpea ((Vigna sinensis L.) grown on sandy soil and loamy soil was examined. Various doses of metals applied were 0, 5, 25, 100, 500 and 1000 μg g^-1 At lower concentrations of both the metals, ranging from 5-25μg g^-1 resulted in an increased the content of the compounds. Concentrations in excess of 100μg g^-1 caused a substantial decrease in carbohydrate contents On the other hand it was observed that at lower concentrations of nickel and cobalt the phenolic contents were less but showed increase in vegetative growth,biomass. With the increase of metal doses in the soil, the phenolic contents of the plants increased but this was accompanied by decreased growth in terms of dry matter.

3 tables, 13 ref

016161   Vasudev V;Sarat Chandra Y;Prakash H K;Nagaraj M N;Sreedevi A V (Applied Zoology Dep, Kuvempu Univ, B.R. Project, Karnataka) : Seasonal Drosphila diversity in Shankaraghatta : a semi-deciduous area in the western ghats. Indian For 2006, 132(10), 1367-9.

1 table, 6 ref

016160   Thirumaran G;Vijaya Baskar P;Anantharaman P (CAS in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai-608 502) : Antibacterial and antifungal activities of brown marine macro alga (Dictyota dichotoma) from the gulf of mannar bioshpere reserve. Envir Ecol 2006, 24S(1), 37-40.

Acetone, petroleum ether, diethyl ether, methanol and ethanol crude extracts from Dictyola dichotoma were obtained and tested against 15 bacterial pathogen and four fungal pathogens The maximum antibacterial activity recorded from diethyl ether extracts against Salmonella paratyphi (A). Minimum activity was noted in ethanol extracts against Salmonella typhi. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Shigella boydii. The maximum antifungal activity was pointed out in diethyl ether and methanol extraction against Mucor sp Minimum activity was recorded in acetone extract against Aspergillus flavus.

2 tables, 20 ref

016159   Thirumaran G;Anantharaman P (CAS in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai-608 502) : Antibacterial and antifungal activities of seaweed (Hydroclathrus clathratus) from the gulf of Mannar biosphere reserve. Envir Ecol 2006, 24S(1), 55-8.

Acetone, petroleum ether, diethyl ether, methanol and ethanol crude extracts from Hydroclathrus clathratus were obtained and tested against 15 bacterial pathogen and four fungal pathogens. The maximum antibacterial activity recorded from methanol extracts against Pseudomonas sp. Minimum activity was noted in petroleum ether extracts against Acineiobacter. Micrococcus sp and Salmonella paratyphi A. The maximum antifungal activity was pointed out in ethanol extraction against Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus sp. Minimum activity was recorded in methanol extract against Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus sp.

2 tables, 20 ref

016158   Solomon Raju A J;Rao S P;Jonathan K H (Environmental Sciences Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam-530 003, Email: ajsraju@yahoo.com) : Andromonoecy, insect pollination and fruiting behaviour in Acacia caesia (L.) Willd. (Mimosaceae) in the Eastern Ghats. Curr Sci 2006, 91(7), 939-43.

Acacia caesia flowers during rainy season. It is an andro-monoecious and obligate outcrosser. Flowers are massed into globose heads and all flowers open on the same day. They produce compound pollen grains (polyads) and nectar in traces. The plant is entomophilous, attracts different insects but only bees and butterflies effect cross-pollination. Natural pod set is below 5%. The study suggests that enhanced pod and seed set rates are possible in resource-rich habitats and in the absence of flower-feeding beetle, Mylabris pustulata.

2 illus, 21 ref

016157   Sivakumar T;Ravikumar M;Sivakumar D N (Post Graduate and Research Dep of Microbiology, J.J. College of Arts and Science, Pudukkottai, Tamil Nadu, Email: shiva_fungi@rediffmail.com) : Abundance of mangrove fungi along the east coast of Tamil Nadu, India. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2006, 8(3), 589-94.

Distribution of fungi in Muthupettai mangrove along the East coast in Tamil Nadu was studied in terms of species diversity, seasonal variations, frequency of occurrence in Koraiyar (S1), Korimunai (S2), Manakkattu (S3), Lagoon (S4) and Kadalmunai (S5) of the estuarine system in two different seasons (Summer-Pre monsoon) for a period of 4 months (April, May, July and August,2003). The results showed the high diversity (59 species) in Manakkattu (S3) and low (46 species) in Koraiyar (S1). Among the 118 species of fungi isolated, 117 species were terrestrial and remaining 1 marine forms like, Halosphaeria maritima. Totally, 94 species were isolated from sediment samples followed by water with 83 species. Further in this study, maximum 98 fungal species were enumerated during pre-monsoon than summer with 78 species. Among the fungal members Aspergillus was the common genus represented with 27 species followed by Curvularia (12 species), Alternaria and Penicillium with 8 species respectively.

3 illus, 3 tables, 2 ref

016156   Sinha R;Lakra V (Directorate of Extension Education, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi-834 006) : Edible weeds of tribals of Jharkhand, Orissa and West Bengal. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2007, 6(1), 217-22.

An extensive survey was carried out among ten ethnic groups in Jharkhand, Orissa and West Bengal of eastern India to document edible plants, which grow as weeds in their agricultural and non-agricultural fields. Data were collected through PRA exercises and interview schedules covering 8 districts, 10 community development blocks and 12 villages. The study identifies 43 species of weeds belonging to 36 genera and 26 families that are commonly consumed by the tribal population as per their availability. The habit, season as well as place of procurement and edible part of these plants have been discussed.

7 illus, 1 table, 4 ref

016155   Singh R S;Singh M N;Singh U P (Genetics & Plant Breeding Dep, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005) : Nature of pollen sterility in two cytoplasmic genetic male sterile lines in pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp.. Proc Natn Acad Sci India-Sect B 2006, 76(4), 377-9.

Two cytoplasmic genetic male sterile (CMS) lines in BC₃F₁ namly, 288 A and CM 1024 Along with their maintainers were raised over two years to confirm the nature of male sterility system. Pollen fertility test exhibited that only 50 and 35 per cent plants of GT 288 A and B were completely male sterile and fertile, respectively, indicating that both A and B lines should be backcrossed/selfed for few more generations to obtain perfect line. However, CMS 1024 A appeared to have mutated gene (s) with varying degree of fertility and lack of pod setting after selfing is due to heterostyly nature of the flower.

2 illus, 2 tables, 2 ref

016154   Sharma V;Bihari Lal (Botany Dep, Allahabad Univ, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Spondias pinnata (Koen.) kurz. a new host record for Coelomycetous fungus Botryodiplodia theobromae. Natn J Life Sci 2006, 2(1-2), 177-9.

One hitherto unrecorded fungal disease of fruit of Spondias pinnata (Koen.) Kurz. caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. is reported for the first time through this communication. Cross inoculations were tried in order to explore the host range of the causal organism and it was found that the test pathogen exhibited a wide host range i.e. it is capable of infecting a number of other fruits, belonging to different families.

1 illus, 19 ref

016153   Sarangthem K;Sarangthem I (Life Sciences Dep, Manipur University, Imphal, Manipur-795 004) : Effect of salicylic acid on enzymes of nitrogen metabolism during germination of Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper. Envir Ecol 2006, 24S(1), 8-9.

Salicylic acid treatment (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm) accelerated nitrate reductase activity, glutamine synthetase (GS) and enhances the content of solubl proteins though the germination rate desreases with increasing livel of salicylic acid treatment.

2 tables, 20 ref

016152   Saikia B;Tag H;Das A K (Botany Dep, Higher Plant Systematic and Ethnomedicine, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Itanagar-791 112, Email: huitag@yahoo.co.in) : Ethnobotany of foods and beverages among the rural farmers of Tai ahom of North Lakhimpur district, Asom. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2007, 6(1), 126-32.

The Northeastern region of India including Asom is one of the core area widely recognized as the centre of origin of rice germplasm. It is the largest region exceptionally rich in the rice genetic diversity. The physiographic and agro-ecological conditions vary in Asom very widely. The physical features, geographical isolation and historical realities have made the state an area of unique ethnic diversity. All the people of this state from the time immemorial have been using rice as staple food and some of the ethnic group use rice for preparation of alcoholic beverage. The present paper emphasized on ethnobotany and taxonomy of traditional rice varieties cultivated among the Tai Ahom of North Lakhimpur district of Asom for food security. Emphasis is also given on beverage processing techniques using rice varieties and other plant material used during preparation of rice beer commonly known as Sajpani (Tai) &, Laopani (Ass.) by the Ahom caste of Asom.

6 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

016151   Reddy K N;Pattanaik C;Reddy C S;Raju V S (Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology & Natural History, Deccan Regional Station, Hyderabad-500 017) : Traditional knowledge on wild food plants in Andhra Pradesh. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2007, 6(1), 223-9.

Purpose of the study was to document the traditional wild food plants used by tribal people in Andhra Pradesh. A total of l56 species were documented as wild plants used for food purposes. Among those species, 56 species are herbs followed by 55 trees, 27 shrubs and 18 climbers. Mostly, herbs are used as leafy vegetables. It has been observed that the traditional knowledge on wild food plants is on sharp decline. Unless efforts are made to educate the younger generations about their importance, it may be lost in near future. This type of study could contribute significantly in Government policies to improve food security in tribal areas, and in the improvement of wild vegetable status, whose potential as sources of nutrition is currently undervalued.

2 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

016150   Ramachandran V S (PG and Research Dep of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Coimbatore-641 029, Email: vsrbot@yahoo.co.in) : Wild edible plants of the Anamalais, Coimbatore district, Western ghats, Tamil Nadu. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2007, 6(1), 173-6.

Anamalai hills, western Ghats, Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu were surveyed to list out the edible plants utilized by the tribal communities such as Kadars, Pulaiyars, Malasars, Malaimalasars and Mudhuvars. About 74 plant species including 25 leafy vegetables, 4 fruit yielding and 45 fruit/seed yielding varieties have been identified. The local tribal communities for their dietary requirements since a long time have utilized these forest produce. Many of these less familiar edible plants can be subjected to further investigation to meet the food and nutrition security of the nation.

1 table, 6 ref

016149   Rama Kant;Tiwari O N;Tandon R;Pandey P;Tiwari G L (Botany Dep, Allahabad Univ, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Growth, reproduction and perennation in Xenococcus thuret, Cyanoprocaryote. Natn J Life Sci 2006, 2(1-2), 157-60.

Genus Xenococcus is reasonably distinguished in Bergey's Manual on the basis of limited binary fissions and formation of non-motile baeocytes by multiple fissions. Xenococcus schousboei isolated from fresh water epiphytic, growth revealed all the stages of life cycle, reproduction and perennation in culture condition. During favourable condition it reproduces mainly by baeocytes and only in later stages it may show limited binary fissions and extra cell enlargements. Perennation mechanism is not efficient and under unfavourable conditions only a few viable cells are able to survive.

13 illus

016148   Rajeew Kumar;Pandey S;Pandey A (NO, College of Agriculture Agronomy, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture a, Pantnagar-263 145, Email: shuklarajeew@rediffmail.com) : Plant roots and carbon sequestration. Curr Sci 2006, 91(7), 885-90.

Carbon management is a serious concern confronting the world today. A number of summits have been organized on this subject ranging from the Stockholm to Kyoto protocol. The current level of carbon in the atmosphere is about 375 ppm. It is estimated that if the carbon increases in the atmosphere at the present rate and no positive efforts are pursued, the level of carbon in the atmosphere would go up to 800-1000 ppm by the end of current century, which may create havoc for all living creatures on earth. Soil may be an important sink for the carbon storage in the form of soil organic carbon. This form of carbon is also a matter of serious concern for agricultural scientists across the globe because various researches reveal that the soil under intensive cultivation results in declining potential productivity due to reduction in soil organic carbon, thereby proving an obstacle for sustainable agriculture. Plants are the main source of the soil organic carbon, either from the decomposition of aerial plant parts or underground plant parts, e.g. roots in the form of root death, root exudates and root respiration. About 40 of the photosynthates synthesized in the plant parts is lost through the root system into the rhizosphere within an hour and the rate of loss is influenced by several factors, e.g. plant age, different biotic and abiotic stresses, etc. The rhizospheric environment of the plant is different compared to bulk soil with respect to physical, chemical and biological properties. provides an insight on the contribution of plant roots for transfer of carbon from atmosphere to rhizosphere and further their significance in sustainable agriculture.

1 illus, 2 tables, 26 ref

016147   Rajanaika;Ramalingappa (Applied Botany Dep, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta-577 451) : Rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere mycoflora of sunflower (Helianthus annus l.) grown in Hassan district of Karnataka. J Ecobiol 2006, 19(1), 73-6.

Mycoflora screening of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil samples collected from sunflower growing area of Hassan district in the summer and winter seasons revealed the presence of 12 genera of fungi viz., Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Cheatomium, Curvularia, Cunninghamella, Dreschlera, Fusarium, Mucor, Penicillium, Rhizopus and Trichoderma. According to the results obtained the variation in the occurrence of fungi depends upon the seasons and soil condition.

2 tables, 6 ref