009670   Mukherjee M;Iqbal M;Datta A K (Department of Botany, Cytogenetics and Plant Breeding Section, Kalyani University, Kalyani-741 235, Email: dattaanimesh@gmail.com) : Seasonal influence on male meiosis of Ocimum basilicum var. basilicum and Withania somnifera. J med aromatic Pl Sci 2006, 28(2), 194-7.

Meiotic studies in Ocimum basilicum L. var. basilicuni (2n = 72, sweet basil, family : Lamiaceae) and Withania somnifera (L.) Dun. (2n = 48, Ashwagandha, family : Solanaceae) during the months of October-November (period A) and May-June (period B) demonstrated distinct variation between the flowering periods for various meiotic parameters including the frequency of abnormal A-II cells (p <60> 0.001, evidenced from χ² test of heterogeneity). Average chromosome association per cell at metaphase I was found to vary between A (O.basilicum : 35.12 II + 1.76 I; W. somnifera : 23.52 II + 0.95 I ) and B (O. basilicum : 35.33 II + 1.35 I; W. somnifera : 23.82 II + 0.36 I) flowering periods. Although in both plant species univalent frequency per cell was significantly higher in A than B, formation of univalents in either species was due to precocious separation of bivalents. Anaphase I abnormality and pollen fertility were not interrelated between themselves and were higher in B than A period in O. basilicum in contrast to A than B in W. somnifera. Anaphase II cells in both species were mostly cytologically balanced. The studied normal meiotic variables : frequency of M-1 unpaired chromosomes (univalents), AI laggards and sticky bridges, unequal chromosomal distribution to AI poles and normal All cells did not have association with the pollen fertility reduction in changed environment. The study has stressed the need of conducting a future study on the pachytene chromosome pairing to have a suitable interpretation for the pollen fertility reduction.

7 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

009669   Mohamed A H;Omer M E A;Koko W S;Alobaid Y M (Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute, National Centre for, P.O. Box-2404 Khartoum, Sudan) : Some biological activities of Hydnora abyssinica. J med aromatic Pl Sci 2006, 28(2), 224-6.

Aqueous extract of the whole plant of Hydnora abyssinica, is used in the traditional medicine of Sudan for treatment of infectious diarrhea. The extract exhibited no effect on toad rectus abdominis muscle, rabbit aorta, guinea pig atrium and rat uterus in a dose up to 4 mg/ml in a gut bath. However, in small dose (2mg/ml) it exerted a rapid transient decrease in amplitude of contraction of isolated rabbit intestine, and in large doses it increased the contractility of the intestinal smooth muscles. The extract at 100 mg/ml concentration (the test dose) was found effective against the gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), which were resistant to ampicillin. In addition, the extract showed antifungal activity (100 mg/ml) and was found superior to the reference drug nystatin and clotrimazole against Aspergillus niger. The acute and subchronic toxicity investigation indicated that the aqueous extract is safe.

4 tables, 5 ref

009668   Mishra K N;Dwivedi G;Pandey A K (NO, , 148, Kanhaipur(Wazirpur), P.O. Jaunpur (Kachehary), Dist-Jaunpur-222 002) : Effect of 2, 4 dichlorophenoxy acetic acid on biomolecule synthesis in an unicellular cyanobacterium Nostoc linckia. Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 623-5.

Toxicity of the herbicide 2, 4 D to an unicellular cyanobacterium Nostoc linckia has been studied. Stimulation in the cyanobacterial growth was observe at 100 μg/ml while higher concentration had inhibitory effects with 1600 μg/ml being completely lethal. 2,4 D resulted in the decline of DNA and chlorophyll even at the growth stimulatory concentrations (100 μg/ml). However cell protein, RNA and phycobillin contents were increased up to 400 μg/ml while higher concentrations had inhibitory effects.

1 table, 15 ref

009667   Mishra A;Swamy S L (Department of Forestry, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur-492 006) : Evaluation of five promising clones of Populus deltoides under agrisilviculture: tree growth, biomass and nutrient storage. Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 507-14.

Examine the variation in tree growth, above- and below-ground biomass and nutrient storage in five promising clones (G3, G48, 65/27, D121 and S7C1) of Populus deltoides planted at 4 x 4 m spacing in a randomized block design with three replications. Growth and biomass significantly varied among poplar clones. Diameter and height growth was consistently higher in clone 65/27 and lowest in clone S7C1. After six years, mean annual increments (MAI) in dbh and height were 1.6 and 1.3 times higher in clone 65/27 compared to clone S7C1. Total biomass varied from 48.5 to 62.2 Mg ha^-1 in 6-year-old clones. In clones, it was in the order: 65/27 <62> D121 <62> G48 <62> G3 <62> S7C1. Stem wood accounted 60.4-68.9% to total biomass followed by coarse roots (12.2-18.9%), branches (12.3-15%), leaves (3.02-6.9%) and fine roots (1.5-2.7%). At six years age, total N ranged from 184.3 to 266.3 kg ha^-1, P from 16.8 to 31.1 kg ha^-1 and K from 81.9 to 128.7 kg ha^-1 in five clones. The storage of total N and P were highest in clone 65/27, while K in clone G48. Nutrients were lowest in clone S7C1. Maximum N was allocated to leaves followed by stem, branches, coarse and fine roots. N storage in different clones ranged from 31.7.to 105.3 kg ha^-1 in leaves, 46.7 to 77.3 kg ha^-1 in stem, 33.2 to 51.6 kg ha^-1 in branches, 29.4 to 45.8 kg ha^-1 in coarse roots and 4.04 to 7.49 kg ha^-1 in fine roots. In contrast to N, P and K accumulation were highest in stem followed by leaves, branches, coarse and fine roots. The harvest of poplar clones at six year age will drain all the accumulated nutrients if whole trees are harvested. However, a good fraction of these nutrients (40.6-54.9% N, 30.2-50.2% P and 27.8-74.1% K) will be returned to the site, if foliage, twigs and root portions are retained in the site and only commercial components (stem and branch) were removed at the harvest. Such management practises will help in minimizing nutrient drain in fast growing poplar plantations.

3 illus, 4 tables, 14 ref

009666   Mishra A;Agrawal R;Swamy S L (Department of Forestry, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur-492 006) : Productivity of soybean and wheat under five promising clones of Populus deltoides in agrisilviculture system. Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 567-7.

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the productivity of soybean and wheat under five promising clones (G3, G48, 65/27, D121 and S7C1) of Populus deltoides in agrisilviculture system. Poplar clones were planted in a randomized block design with three replications. Soybean and wheat were intercropped in kharif and rabi seasons, respectively for two consecutive years during 2000-2002. Both grain and straw yields of soybean and wheat were significantly reduced under poplar clones. Grain yield of soybean declined with an increase in age of the poplar clones. Between five and six years, the yield decreased by 1.3 to 14.2% under different clones compared to sole crop. Maximum reduction in yield with age of the clone was found in 65/27, while it was lowest in clone S7C1. Mean yield of soybean varied from 9 to 15.9 qha^-1. It was highest in sole crop and reduced by 10.1 to 33.3% under different poplar clones. The reduction of soybean yield under different clones was in the order: S7C1 <60> D121 <60> 65/27 <60> G48 <60> G3. Unlike soybean, wheat yield enhanced by 4.1 to 10.3% as age of the clones increased from 5 to 6 years. Mean yield ranged from 25.5 to 36.6 q ha^-1. The yield was higher under clones G3 and S7C1, whereas it was lowest under clone G48. It decreased by 15 to 30.3% under different clones. The straw yield also showed similar decreasing trend. The reduction of grain and straw yield of wheat in clones was in the order: G3 <60> S7C1 <60> D121 <60> 65/27 <60> G48. Available N, P and K in the soil improved significantly after 6 years of poplar planting. It was higher at 0-20 cm and decreased with soil depth. At 0-20 cm soil depth, N increased from 14.9 to 24.1%, P from 17.2 to 23.3% and K from 3.1 to 5.1% under different clones. Diameter at breast height (dbh) ranged from 13.3 to 21.6 cm and tree height from 11.1 to 14.5 m in 6year-old clones. Both dbh and tree height were consistently higher in clone 65/27 and lowest in clone S7C1. Leaf area index (LAI) was highest in clone G3 and lowest in clone D121. The overall growth in clones followed the order: 65/27 <62> D121 <62> G48 <62> G3 <62> S7C1.

4 tables, 12 ref

009665   Mathur A;Sherwani M R K (Department of Chemistry, J.N.V. University, Jodhpur-342 005) : Verbesina encelioides seed oil: A new rich source of vernolic acid. J med aromatic Pl Sci 2006, 28(2), 216-8.

Verbesina encelioides commonly known as Golden crown bread, Yellow top wild Sunflower (Asteraceae) was found to contain cis-12,13-epoxyoctadec-cis-9 enoic acid (Vernolic Acid) in good amount of 18%. The oil content was 31%. The fatty acids were isolated and identified using Ultra Violet, Infra Red, ¹H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Gas Liquid Chromatography, and chemical reactions like reduction and oxidative cleavage.

3 tables, 9 ref, 1 scheme

009664   Manonmani S;Thiyagu K;Thiyagarajan K;Biju S; Abirami S A;Sundaram K M (Department of Rice, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-3) : Exploitation of hybrid vigour for yield and per day productivity in rice hybrids. Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 643-6.

At the current rate of population growth and per capita rice consumption, the rice requirement by 2020 would be about 135-140 million tonnes. Hybrid rice technology is a readily adaptable and practically feasible method to increase rice yield and thereby ensure steady supply. Hybrid rice breeding programme exploits the phenomenon of heterosis. Private and Public hybrids of early and medium duration were planted under RBD with 3 replications along with hybrid checks PSD 1 and KRH 2. The days to 50% flowering and plant height are having significant negative heterosis for most of early and medium group hybrids. The hybrids KJTRH-4 (early), XR 2805, TNRH 87 and JKRH 405 (medium) have recorded highest positive heterosis for spikelet fertility. The first three highest performance of hybrids viz., HR1 152, NK 3325 and JRH 2 (early) and XR 2702, CNRH 101 and HRI 156 showed highest yield (<62>10,000 kg/ha) over the check. The per day productivity was computed individually as well as group wise. The early group (105 days) had an average per day productivity of 0.09 t/ha with a range of 0.08 to 0.11 t/ha where as that of the medium group (140 days) was 0.07 t/ha with a wide range of variation. Based on heterotic performance of yield and per day productivity the early maturing hybrids, HRI 152, NK 3325 and JRH 2 and medium maturing hybrid XR 2702, CNRH 101 and HR 156 recorded higher performance than other hybrids evaluated.

2 tables, 11 ref

009663   Manoharan K;Ranendra Prasad;Guha Mukherjee S (Department of Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625 067, Email: manohara2000@yahoo.com ) : PGE-induced fusion of phosphatidylcholine-liposomes with protoplasts and post-fusion evaluation of plating efficiency and enrichment in plasmamembrane phosphatidylcholine of protoplasts in Datura innoxia Mill. Indian J expl Biol 2006, 44(12), 955-63.

Liposomes entrapping fluorescein diacetate were fused with protoplasts of Datum innoxia Mill by employing polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the fusogen. Factors that influence liposome-protoplast fusion were optimized as a function of PEG-concentration and incubation duration, liposome composition and surface charge and liposome:protoplast ratio. Phosphatidylcholine liposomes were found ideal for the objectives of the study. Fusion index based on per cent fluorescing protoplasts varied among the protoplast types. PEG-incubation duration in the fusion assay and growth ability of protoplasts to form microcalli subsequent to liposome-protoplast fusion was determined based on protoplast plating-efficiency. Plating efficiency of post-fusion protoplasts increased due to incorporation of liposome-phosphatidylcholine in the plasmamembrane of protoplasts. Results are discussed in relation to the application of liposome-protoplast fusion system in selective modification of plasmamembrane phospholipids of protoplasts.

2 illus, 7 tables, 33 ref

009662   Manjunath D;Sathya Prasad K;Gowda D K S (Department of Studies in Sericultural Science, University of Mysore, Mysore-570 006) : Ecological approach for the management of the mealy bug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus causing tukra in mulberry. Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 767-8.

The mealy bug Maconellicoccus hirsutus is one of the most serious among the pests of mulberry causing both qualitative and quantitative damage. The average incidence and loss in mulberry leaf yield in southern sericultural belt are estimated to be 34.24% and 4500 kg/ha/yr, respectively. Since biological control assumes great significance in sericulture owing to high sensitivity of the silkworm to chemicals, an attempt is made to understand the role of trap crops viz., Gliricidia sepium, Abelmoschus esculantus, Hibiscus cannabinus and Croton sp. in the establishment of the pest and the predators. Among the four trap crops used, H. cannabinus was found to be effective as trap crop. There was a significant decrease in tukra incidence in mulberry with trap crop (4.28 ± 2.01%) over that without trap crop (26.02 ± 12.91%). The mealy bug population in mulberry with trap crop (3.14 ± 0.88) is low over that without trap crop (11.44 ± 2.93). The results are discussed in relation to the colonization of the pest and predator on the trap crop.

3 illus, 3 ref

009661   Mandal R K (Department of Economics, Dera Natung Govt. College, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh) : Sustainability and economic viability of medicinal plants in Arunachal Pradesh, India. Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 443-50.

More than 80% of the world's medicinal plants is found in the Himalayan ranges of India. Arunachal Pradesh is lying within the Himalayan belt. The state is very much rich in having flora. The flora has medicinal values which are utilized by the indigenous people to cure their ailment without any side effects like modern medicines. Good agricultural and collection practices of the medicinal plants can be potential source of economic development. It may open up a new revenue in commercial cultivation for large production, processing and packaging marketing and industrial application. This paper attempts an in-depth study about identification, sustainability and economic viability of medicinal plants in Arunachal Pradesh.

^iia7 tables, 11 ref

009660   M Hemalatha;Chandramohan G;Selvaraj T (Department of Botany, Seethalakshmi Ramaswamy College, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu) : Changes of growth, nutrition and polyphenolic compounds in Coleus amboinicus as influenced by Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. J microbial Wld 2006, 8(1), 46-50.

Pot culture experiment was conducted to study the effect of different native Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on improvement of growth, biomass, nutrition and polyphenolic compounds in the roots and leaves of Coleus amboinicus. Seven dominant native AM fungi viz., Acaulospora bireticulata, A. scrobiculata, Gigaspora margarita, Glomus aggregatum, G. geosporum, G. mosseae and Scutellospora heterogama were used. In general, inoculated plants showed increased plant height, shoot and root biomass, P and K content and polyphenolic compounds in the roots and leaves of C. amboinicus. Among the seven AM fungi tested, the plants inoculated with Gigaspora margarita performed best in improving plant growth, biomass, P and K uptake, total phenols, ortho dihydroxy phenols, % alkaloids and flavonoids.

3 tables, 17 ref

009659   Lal R K;Khanuja S P S (NO, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow-226 015) : Character associations using oil distillation time requirement for selection of qualitative traits in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). J med aromatic Pl Sci 2006, 28(2), 169-73.

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller), family Apiaceae is important for its seeds and essential oil. More than 50 diverse genetic stocks of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller) were assembled from sixteen different states of India. After purging the duplicates, 24 accessions belonging to thirteen states of India were maintained and evaluated in field trials for the seven qualitative traits. The ripe seeds of fennel were distilled and oil samples at early (E), mid. (M) and late (L) times for the seven important qualitative traits were selected in the seeds in the year (1999-2000). The significant and positive associations were recorded between the traits limonene (E) x limonene (M) 0.966** and cis-anethole (L) 0.402*; fenclione (E) x fenclione (L) 0.752**. The negative association between t-anethole content (L) with fenclione (M) content (-0.661**) is favorable for selection in fennel selection/breeding programme (preferred by essential oil industries). The accession No. SF 13 and SF 12 were identified stable and promising for commercial exploitation.

3 illus, 4 tables, 6 ref

009658   Kushwaha C L;Prasad K;Kushwaha S P (Department of Agronomy, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur-208 002) : Effect of row spacings and nitrogen doses on yield attributes and yield of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) varieties under irrigated conditions of Bundelkhand. Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 741-3.

A field experiment was conducted during two seasons (2002-03 and 2003-04) at the research farm of B.N. V. Degree College, Rath (Hamirpur) to evaluate the effect of row spacing and nitrogen levels on linseed varieties under irrigated conditions of Bundelkhand. Treatment consisted three linseed varieties (T 397, Laxmi-27 and Padmini), three row spacings (20, 25 and 30 cm) and four levels of nitrogen (@ 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg/ha). Results indicated that on pooled basis Padmini produced significantly higher grain yield, number of capsules per plant, weight of capsules per plant, weight of seeds per plant and 1000-seed weight. All the yield attributes like number of capsules per plant, weight of capsules per plant, weight of seeds per plant and 1000-seed weight were statistically superior at 30 cm row spacing but the seed yield was statistically more at 20 cm row spacing. As regards the nitrogen doses, application of 90 kg N/ha produced significantly maximum grain yield of 18.9 Q/ha, capsules 37.13 per plant, seeds per capsules 8.77, seed weight 2.016 g. per plant and 1000 seed weight 8.09 g. use of 90 kg N/ha enhanced seed yield by 7.16 (4.5%), 3.97 (26.8%) and 1.36 q/ha (7.8%) over control and application of 30 and 60 kg N/ha, respectively.

2 tables, 5 ref

009657   Kushwaha C L;Prasad K;Kushwaha S P (Department of Agronomy, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur-208 002) : Effect of row spacings and nitrogen doses on plant population and growth of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) varieties. Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 729-31.

A field experiment was conducted during 2002-03 and 2003-04 to find out the effect of row spacing, nitrogen doses on plant population and growth of linseed varieties. There varieties viz. T-397, Padmani and Laxmi-27 were tested at 20, 25 and 30 cm row spacings and four doses of nitrogen (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg/ha.). Results showed that varieties did not differ on plant population and plant height but Padmini gave significantly maximum dry matter of 11.86 g/plant and branches 13.64/plant. The closest row spacing of 20 cm had statistically maximum plant population of 130.05 plants/m². The dry matter accumulation of 12.33 g/plant and number of branches, 13.14 plant were significantly higher at 30 cm row spacing. The statistically higher plant population of 110.13 plants/m² was counted at 30 kg N significantly higher plant height, number of branches/plant and maximum dry matter accumulation were obtained at 90 kg N/ha which was 83.83 cm, 13.30 branches and 12.03g, respectively. Application of 90 kg N/ha produced higher dry weight/plant by 12.4, 7.3 and 3.0% than control and of 30 and 60 kg N/ha, respectively.

1 table, 6 ref

009656   Kulmi G S;Dubey P S (Krishi Vigyan Kendra, JNKVV Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Khargone-451 001) : Effect of different weed management techniques on weed growth, quality and husk yield of psyllium (Plantago ovata). J med aromatic Pl Sci 2006, 28(2), 198-202.

Integration of herbicides with one weeding at 40 days after sowing (DAS) induced desirable quality parameters like swelling factor and husk recovery percentage and husk yield and decreased quality deteriorative parameters such as huskless (redden) seeds, huskless seed percentage, huskless seed weight and equal husked seed weight over sole application of the herbicides. Weed free check recorded the lowest weed growth and resulted in the lowest quality deteriorative parameters and the highest desirable quality parameters and husk yield. Among herbicides, per-emergence application of isoproturon proved conducive to desirable quality parameters and seen husk yield over its post-emergence application psyllium crop and caused significant dterioration in quality and hudk yiekd compared with tolerant herbicides. These herbicides registered negligible residues (0.0001-0.0009 ppm) in psyllium plants. Residues of herbicides like isoproturon, 2, 4-D Na salt, pendimethlin, fluchloralin and alachlor granules were below detectable level in psyllium seeds.

2 tables, 9 ref

009655   Khandelwal L K;Sapkal M R;Sakarkar D M; Pardesi M D (Rawat Bhawan, , Deodi, Achalpur City-444 806) : Turmeric-A miracle of ayurveda. Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 429-32.

Article deals with various medicinal aspects of turmeric. Turmeric contains various chemical constituents such as: a-tumerone, b-tumerone as tumerone, zingiberine and curcumin. It is mainly used in digestive disorders, Osteoarthaitis, atherosclerosis, cancer, intestinal worms, liver diseases and several bacterial infections. It is very effective in wounds and eye disorders. Oil of turmeric is also a very good mosquito repellent.

^iia1 illus, 27 ref

009654   Khan A A;Khan S;Singh M K (Department of Botany, Govt Girls P.G. College, Rewa-486 001) : Observation of biological activity of certain wild plants of Bandhavgarh National Park (Madhya Pradesh), India. Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 851-4.

Highlights the potential resources of the tribals which might serve as base line data for the ethnobotanist, chemist and pharmacologists. The data were gathered from local tribals. Vaidyas and experienced foresters etc. During study, 46 angiospermic plant species are enumerated with their family, vernacular name, application and mode of administration.

1 table, 9 ref

009653   Karuppaiah P;Kathiravan J (Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608 002) : Effect of tillage, manures and biofertilizers on the performance of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under rice fallow condition. Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 573-6.

Investigation was carried out in the Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu during the year 2004-2005 to asses the performance of cucumber for different tillage practices with various organic manures and biofertilizers under rice fallow condition. The treatments followed were, zero tillage and minimum tillage with different organic manures such as FYM (25 and 37.5 t ha^-1) vermicompost (5 and 7.5 t ha^-1) and press mud (25 and 37.5 t ha^-1) in combination with biofertilizers and normal cultural practices were also practised for check. The biometric observations viz., vine length, number of laterals per plant, number of leaves per plant, leaf area index, chlorophyll content, relative growth rate, photosynthetic rate, plant biomass production, number of male and female flowers per plant, fruit set percentage and fruit yield were recorded for each treatment along with economics of cultivation. Based on the performance, it was found that the treatment combination of minimum tillage along with 7.5 t ha^-1 of vermicompost and biofertilizers was found to be the best in the rice fallow condition with a total tender cucumber yield of 20.25 t ha^-1.

2 tables, 12 ref

009652   Jenci M;Sridevi S;Natarajan S;Venkatesan A (Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608 002) : Effect of sodium chloride on germination of Vigna mungo L. Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 627-9.

Investigation was made on the effect of different levels of NaCl ranging from 10-150 mM NaCl. The maximum germination percentage was observed at 10 mM, beyond this level the percentage of germination was reduced gradually. The shoot length, root length, leaf area, fresh and dry weight also increased upto 10 mM NaCl and thereafter its gradually reduced.

1 table, 22 ref

009651   Jayakumar K;Vijayarengan P;Vijayaragavan M; Rajasekaran S;Sumathi K;Sundaramoorthy P (Division of Environmental Biology, Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002) : Toxicological aspects of cobalt induced growth and morphological changes in Helianthus annuus L. Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 829-30.

Investigation has been carried out to understand the effect of cobalt on morphological parameters of sunflower. The experiments were conducted in earthen pots. The inner surface of pots were lined with polythene sheet. Sunflower plants were raised in soil amended with different concentrations of cobalt (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/kg). Plants were watered to field capacity daily. The various growth parameters were analysed on 30th day. Morphological parameters such as root and shoot length, number of lateral roots, number of leaves and root and shoot dry weights were measured. All the growth parameters were increased at 50 mg/kg cobalt level in the soil, when compared with control. Further increase in the cobalt level (100-250 mg/kg) in the soil decreased all the growth parameters of sunflower.

1 table, 10 ref

009650   Jayakumar K;Vijayarengan P (Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002) : Influence of cobalt on seed germination and seedling growth of Vigna mungo (L.) helper. Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 681-2.

Effect of cobalt on the seed germination and seedling growth of blackgram {Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper} was studied at different concentrations, ranging from 0-100 mg/l. Cobalt chloride (CoCL₂.6H₂O) is used as a cobalt source. The study showed that the germination percentage, growth, vigour index, tolerance index and dry weight of root and shoot of the seedlings increased at low level of cobalt treatments and decreased with increase of cobalt concentrations.

1 table, 72 ref

009649   Jangid M S;Jadeja B A;Sharma S S (Deparment of Botany, Sir P.T. College, Modasa-383 315) : Ethnomedicinal uses of some selected herbs of Modasa Taluka, Dist. S.K. (N.G.). Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 689-90.

Paper deals with 10 selected herb species for ethnomedicinal purpose that are being used in Modasa taluka Dist. S.K.(N.G.) Botanical names, local names, families and ethnomedicinal uses of the plants are given in the present paper.

9 ref

009648   Jangid M S;Jadeja B A;Sharma S S (Department of Botany, Sir P.T. Science College, Modasa-383 315) : Weeds of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor L.) Monech.] crop in Modasa Taluka, District Sabarkantha and their ethnomedicinal importance. Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 679-80.

Present study emphasised the weeds of sorghum in, Modasa taluka, dist. Sabarkantha and their ethnomedicinal importance. During observation only 33 species of various duration are described with their botanical name, family local name and ethnomedicinal uses.

1 table, 6 ref

009647   Jalil A;Rahman A;Rabha K;Sharma G C (Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati-78104) : Threatened conditions of Coix lachryma-jobi L.-A less known weed in Dhubri district of Assam. Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 857-8.

Coix lachryma-jobi L. has been degenerated from Dhubri district reporting at the time of survey in the year 2004-05. The plant is an annual herb with considerable ethno medicinal use but think the plant is a negligible weed. It was reported only in Dhirghat agomony area and some hilly region.

3 ref

009646   Jain V;Sharma T;Jain S;Shukla K;Saraf S;Saraf S (NO, Institute of Pharmacy, Pt Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur-492 010, Email: vj_rsofiop@rediffmail.com) : Pesticides and their health hazards : quality control aspects in herbals. Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 433-41.

Standardized crude drugs are considered to be safe; they are free of any harmful chemical. One such important safety parameter involves determination of pesticide residue in medicinal plants, which may remain in crude drugs during processing. Pesticides vary enormously in their potential towards lethal action to pests and causing adverse effects in humans. WHO recommends for determination of minimum pesticide residue limits (MRL) as a standardization parameter, so that safety to edible plant material can be assessed. The following discussion covers the recognized adverse effects of some of the widely used pesticides, along with the methods of determination of pesticide residue in crude drugs and current status of pesticide in India.

^iia1 illus, 1 table, 43 ref

009645   Jain S K;Dodiya N S;Joshi A (Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agricu, Udaipur-313 001) : Genetic variability and character association in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). J med aromatic Pl Sci 2006, 28(2), 190-3.

Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis was conducted in sixty three genotypes (Parents, crosses and checks) of opium poppy for plant height, stem diameter, peduncle length,stigmatic rays, grain yield per plant, husk yield per plant, latex yield per plant and morphine content. Significant variations among all the genotypes were recorded for all the characters. The estimate of PCV was higher than the GCV. The high GCV were observed for grain yield per plant, husk yield per plant and latex yield per plant. High genetic advance coupled with high heritability was observed for plant height, grain yield per plant and husk yield per plant. Latex yield per plant was significantly positive correlated with grain yield per plant and husk yield per plant.

4 tables, 13 ref

009644   Jain A K;Jain A;Jain A;Jain A;Jain S;Sikarwar M S;Dubey S K (NO, B.R. Nahata College of Pharmacy, Mhow-Neemuch Road, Post Box No. 6, Mandsaur-458 001, Email: amit3_tkm@yahoo.com) : Hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of Polyalthia longifolia. Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 841-2.

To ascertain the hepatoprotective effect of dried leaves of Polyalthia longifolia. Ethanolic extract of dried leaves of Polyalthia longifolia was evaluated and subjected for hepatoprotective activity in Wistar strain of albino rats of either sex against CCl₄ induced hepatic damage. SGOT, SGPT, ALP and total bilirubin were used as biochemical marker for assessment of the activity. The increased serum level of enzymes SGOT, SGPT, ALP and bilirubin were monitored in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride, which were very much reduced in the animals treated with the ethanolic fraction.

1 table, 11 ref

009643   Jadeja B A;Odedra N K;Rathod J S (Department of Botany, M.D. Science College, Porbandar-360 575) : Ethnomedicinal plants used in beauty treatment in Gujrat. Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 699-705.

Traditional preparations for herbal beauty care contain several recipes, which may be applied in cosmetic industry with fruitful results. This paper provides information on ethnobotanical usage of Ayurvedic medicinal plants for cure of skin and hair problems and also on herbal cosmetics for beauty treatment.

1 table, 10 ref

009642   Jadeja B A;Odedra N K;Kaneria M J (Deparment of Botany, M.D. Science College, Porbandar-360 575) : Counting of green heads of Porbandar city, Gujarat. Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 715-7.

Vegetation play an effective role in the urban environment by supporting many fundamental sub-systems like hydrological cycle, nutrient cycle, atmospheric gas balance, climate in the surroundings and others. However increasing population and the expanding cities leading to rapid urbanization is converting more and more greener spaces into impermeable hard concrete sky- scrapers. Activities both in-house and out door causes several problems. Hence the urban areas experience water scarcity, air pollution, heat islands effect; traffic jams etc. apart from many routine problems. For convenience and needs the biota and soil components have been replaced by industrialization and urbanization. During last few decades because of this tremendous urbanization and industrialization the whole environment of Porbandar have changed. With all their beauty, city trees are also not spared. It is sometimes surprising how they can survive the artificial and adverse condition under which they grow. Number of such studies under taken in this direction suggests that, the development of green areas help improve the urban environmental conditions. The study includes tree census with their scientific identification and counting (of each tree species). In the study, 149 tree species were reported belonging to 65 plant families. The major families are Mimosaceae, Ceasalpiniaceae, Moraceae, Arecaceae, Annonaceae, Meliaceae. The study has also identified VI Trees (Very Important Trees) which need special care for their sustenance.

4 tables, 10 ref

009641   Jadeja B A;Odedra N K;Gami N G;Bhatt D C (Department of Botany, M.D. Science College, Porbandar-360 575) : Biological spectrum of barda sanctuary of Gujarat, India. Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 541-3.

Biological spectrum of Barda sanctuary of Gujarat, with 565 angiospermic plant species. Five life forms of different percentage were observed. The Phanerophytes (ph) gain highest percentage 40.18% while Chamaephytes (ch) lowest 5.13% only.

1 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref

009640   Iqbal M;Datta A K (Department of Botany, Genetics and Plant Breeding Section, Kalyani University, Kalyani-741 235, Email: dattaanimesh@gmail.com) : Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma-rays hydroxylamine and EMS in Withania somnifera (L.) Dun. (Ashwagandha). Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 533-5.

Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma-rays, hydroxylamine (NH₂OH) and ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) were studied in Withania somnifera (L.) Dun. (Aswagandha, family : Solanaceae), based on M₁ biological damages (lethality, injury and sterility) and viable mutation frequency in M₂ generation. Viable mutation frequency was recorded to be 20.21%, 21.18% and 17.54% in gamma-rays, NH₂OH and EMS respectively. Hydroxylamine and EMS were more effective than gamma-rays; while, lower doses of gamma-rays (2.5 and 5 kR) along with all the doses of chemical mutagens administered were found to be efficient.

1 table, 5 ref

009639   Hosagoudar V B (Division of Microbiology, Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-695 562, Email: vbhosagoudar@rediffmail.com) : Additions to the fungi of Kerala-II. Zoos Print J 2006, 21(9), 2412-16.

2 ref

009638   Goel M;William P (NO, , L-14, M.L.N. Medical College, Allahabad-211 001, Email: goelmitul@rediffmail.com) : Studies on HPLC profile and antifungal properties of various leaf extract of drumstick (Moringa oleifera L.). Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 545-7.

Extract (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5%) of leaf of Moringa oleifera in three different solvents (methanol, ethyl acetate and aqueous) reduced sporulation of some fungi viz; Alternaria solani, Alternaria brassicae, Fusarium udum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Curvularia maculans, Curvularia palluscens, Helminthosporium penniseti and Helminthosporium echinoclova. Aqueous and Methanolic extracts were most effective. HPLC analysis yield gallic acid in leaves. According to these results, it can be predicted that Moringa oleifera has certain substances inhibitory to the spore germination.

1 table, 10 ref

009637   Ganesh K S;Sundaramoorthy P;Sumathi K; Rajasekaran S;Chidambaram A A (Department of Botany, Environmental Biology Laboratory, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu) : Toxicological effect of bavistin on seed germination and growth behaviour of paddy seedlings. Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 577-9.

Bavistin is one of the commonly used fungicides by farmers. The commercially available bavistin is formulated as 50% w/w wettable powder containing 500 g/kg of carbendazim. Germination studies were conducted to know the impact of bavistin on seed germination and growth of two varieties of paddy (Oryza sativa L. ASD-16 and 1R-36). The paddy seeds were pretreated with bavistin to avoid blast and sheath blight of paddy. So, an attempt has been made to find the effect of bavistin on germination studies of two paddy varieties. The different concentrations (control, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 mg/l) of bavistin was prepared and they were used for germination studies. The seeds were soaked for 12 hours in the above solution. Germination percentage, seedling growth, fresh weight and dry weight of paddy were taken into consideration. The photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll 'a', chlorophyll 'b', total chlorophyll and carotenoid content of paddy seedlings were also estimated. The germination studies parameters and photosynthetic pigments decreased with the increase of bavistin concentrations. No germination was recorded beyond 600 mg/l concentration.

2 tables, 13 ref

009636   Divya C;Kumaravelu G (Department of Plant Science, K.M.Centre for Post-Graduate Studies, Pondicherry-605 008, Email: gkvelu19@gmail.com) : Effect of tsunami affected soil on seed germination and growth of black gram cultivar Tau-1. Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 631-4.

The tsunami affected soil samples were collected from a groundnut field. Three different types of soils were selected for the study viz. affected soil (A), top soil (T) and top soil washed with water five times (TT). The unaffected soil from the field was used as normal soil (N). Black gram plants grown in earthenware pots were allowed to grow for 15 days in all four types of soils. Among the stressed soils, germination was promoted in A and TT soils, whereas in T soil there was a delay in germination. Inhibition of root growth in T soil coincided with the decreased number of lateral roots and nodules. Decreased R/S ratio in top soil and increased ratio in TT soil was prominent. Decreased biomass, Chl 'a' pigment, and foliar protein were evident in T soil. Carotenoid pigments were least affected by salinity. The total leaf area of the plant was significantly reduced in T soil.

5 tables, 17 ref

009635   Dhiman A;Parveen R;Khurana S;Sanjay Kumar; Bhargava A K (Department of Botany, M.S. College, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh) : Antipyretic traditional herbal medicinal plants of district Saharanpur, U.P., India. Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 707-10.

Deals some medicinal plants of district Saharanpur which are used by Ayurvedacharya, Hakeems and local tribal population. In this paper a complete list of 119 species of herbal medicinal plants belonging to 51 families of district Saharanpur are given below. Different parts of these plants are used in different types of fevers.

1 table, 11 ref

009634   Deka S J;Ahmed M;Deka S P (Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Assam) : Survey of medicinal plants used by tribal (Lalung) people of Mayong area, Morigaon district, Assam, India. Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 667-70.

Periodical field survey was done for one year (Jan. 2004 to Jan. 2005) to collect the information about some common medicinal plants used by tribal (Lalung) people of Mayong area of Morigaon district of Assam. This paper deals with 68 medicinal plants, which have been used in various diseases of human beings.

1 table, 19 ref

009633   Datta A K;Chowdhury S;Bhattacharjee S (Department of Botany, Cytogenetics and Plant Breeding Section, Kalyani University, Kalyani-741 235, Email: dattaanimesh@gmail.com) : Induced fasciated mutant in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 521-3.

A promising fasciated fertile mutant of sesame isolated at M2 from 30kR gamma irradiated seeds showed normal meiosis (2n=26) with broadened, flattened and ribbed stem, irregular leaf arrangement with apical clustering, intensely pigmented flowers, trifid stigma and variable shaped fruits. Stem fasciation was controlled by a single recessive gene.

1 illus, 1 tables, 11 ref

009632   Choubey Mansih;Khajani S N;Savu R M;Dewangan Y K (Department of Agronomy, IGAU, Raipur-492 006) : Effect of halosulfuron-Methyl on weed control in direct seeded drilled rice under puddled condition of Chhattisgarh plains. Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 685-7.

A field experiment was conducted at the Industrial Farm, IGAU, Raipur (C.G.) during kharif season of 2002 to study the effect of halosulfuron- methyl on weed control in direct seeded drilled rice under puddled-condition of Chhattisgarh plains. The experiment comprised of various doses of halosulfuron- methyl along with butachlor, hand weeding and unweeded check was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Atternanthera triandra, Caesulia axillaris, Cynotis axillaris, Echinochloa colona, Fimbristylis miliacca, Sphaeranthas indicus and Xanthium strumarium were the dominating weeds associated with the crop. Field studies reveal that hand weeding at 15 and 30 DAS (days after sowing) resulted in significantly higher grain yield, straw yield and harvest index. Maximum weed density and their dry matter were higher under unweeded check while, minimum was recorded in hand weeding at 15 and 30 DAS. Among herbicide treatments, application of higher doses of halosulfuron- methyl exhibited significantly higher yield & weed parameters.

2 tables, 5 ref

009631   Chidambaram A A;Murugan A;Ganesh K S; Sundaramoorthy P (Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002) : Effect of chromium on growth and cell division of blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) hepper]. Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 763-6.

Effect of chromium at graded concentrations (10, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 300 mg/l) were studied on germination growth, biochemical and cytological parameters of blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) under laboratory conditions. Higher chromium concentrations inhibited seed germination growth and biomass of blackgram seedlings. Biochemical studies revealed a decline in chlorophyll, carotenoid and protein. There was a gradual decrease in chromosomal number and total chromosome length. Higher dosage were more cytotoxic than lower concentrations.

3 tables, 22 ref

009630   Chidambara Murthy K N;Rajasekaran T;Giridhar P;Ravishankar G A (Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore-570 020, Email: pcbt@cftri.res.in) : Antioxidant property of Decalepis hamiltonii Wight & Arn. Indian J expl Biol 2006, 44(10), 832-7.

Aromatic edible root of D. hamiltonii was subjected to the extraction of the antioxidant rich fraction. Different parts of root namely whole tuber, peel, tuber without peel and medullary portion were extracted with dichloromethane (European Patent No. W02005063272). The extract was found to contain flavor compound 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (2H4MB), which was identified by TLC and GC. Medullary portion was found to be rich in 2H4MB, (73.73 mg g 'dry tissue) followed by peel, containing 68.34 mg g^-1 2H4MB. Different concentration of dichloromethane extracts were subjected for antioxidant assay by DPPH (1,1 dihydroxy 2-picryl hydrazyl) method, this has shown 44, 46.7% radical scavenging activity in case of medullary, peel extracts and 67.3% in case of pure 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde at 100 ppm concentration, whereas ascorbic acid used as standard showed 94.3% activity. In β-carotene linoleate model system (b-CLAMS) 43.46 and 45.7% antioxidant activity was observed in medullary and peel extracts at 100 ppm concentrations respectively, whereas standard 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde exhibited 69.64% at 100 ppm and BHA (butylated hydroxyl anisole) 90.1% activity also at 100-ppm level. Similarly hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was found to be 48.36, 46.86, 48.26 and 73.60% in whole tuber, medullary, peel and standard 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzaldehyde respectively at 100 ppm levels. This is the first report on the antioxidant activity of D. hamiltonii. Results have shown that 2H4MB is one of the major constituents responsible for antioxidant activity. Hence the extract of D. hamiltonii can be utilized for the production of antioxidant rich fractions required for various health benefits.

5 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

009629   Chaudhary B L;Khichi Y S;Bhagora F S (Brylogy Laboratory, Department of Botany, College of Science, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur-313 001, Email: Yashpal_khichi@rediffmail.com) : Diversity of bryophyte and pteridophyte flora of Kumbhalgarh wild life sanctuary-Rajasthan, India. Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 807-13.

Bryophyte and Pteridophyte have been collected from Kumbhalgarh Wild Life Sanctuary Rajasthan. These are eight Bryophytes Asterella pathankotensis Kash., Riccia gangetica Ahmad., Cyathodium barodae Chavan., Anthoceros subtilis St. Fissidens gaminiflorus var. nagasakinus (Besh.) Dox., F. diversifolious Mitt., Hyophila involuta (Hook.) Jaeg., Bryum argenteum Hedw, and eight Pteridophytes are Actiniopteris radiata(Swartz.) Link., Adiantum lunulatum Brum., A. incisum Forsk., Pteris vittata L., Cheilanthes albomarginata Clarke., Marsilea minuta L., Azolla pinnata R. Br., Adiantum capillus-veneris L.

16 illus, 7 ref

009628   Chaudhary B L;Bhagora F S;Khichi Y S (Department of Botany, College of Science M.L.S. University, Udaipur) : Plants used by tribal for the control of diabetes in some villages of Banswara district (Raj.) India.. Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 785-6.

Study reports about the use of seventeen plant species for the treatment of diabetes by the tribals of Banswara district of Rajasthan. The study emphasizes the need for ethnobotanical exploration in order to revive the traditional knowledge for the health care system in our country. Among the plant species Azadirachta indica (A. Juss), Curcuma longa (L), Emblica offcinalis (Gaertn), Momordica charantia (L), Syzygium cumin (L), Trigonella foenumgraecum (L) have good effect in controlling diabetes.

1 table, 4 ref

009627   Chakre O J (Wealth of Indian Project, National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources, 14, S.V. Marg, New Delhi-110 067, Email: ojc@niscair.res.in) : Choice of Eco-friendly trees in urban environment to mitigate airborne particulate pollution. J hum Ecol 2006, 20(2), 135-8.

Trees in urban areas play an essential role to cleanse the airborne particulate pollution in human environment. Describes the choice of eco-friendly trees and their right placement in the urban environment to overcome the pollution problems.

4 illus, 12 ref

009626   Chakraborty D;Tah J (Department of Business Administration, Pakim Palatine College, Pakyong, Sikkim (East)-737 106) : Problems and prospects of India's floriculture trade: A study on cut rose units. Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 659-61.

After liberalization, the Govt. of India identified floriculture as a sunrise industry and accorded it 100 percent export oriented status. Owing to steady increase in demand of flower floriculture has become one of the important Commercial trades in Agriculture. Hence commercial floriculture has emerged as hi-tech activity-taking place under controlled climatic conditions inside greenhouse. Encouraged by the export potential of greenhouse-grown cut flower, Ministry of Commerce identified floriculture as extreme focus segment and encouraged a large number of export-oriented unit, especially for roses. Among other things, cheap labour cost in India was highlighted as the major strength of Indian floriculture units. Objective of this study is to examine the influence labour cost and energy cost on the competitiveness of Indian cut-rose producing units in the global market.

4 tables, 7 ref

009625   Boruah P;Tamuli P (Department of Botany, Darrang College, Tezpur-784 001) : Penicillium rot of steroidal Dioscorea floribunda (Mart & Gal) in eastern sub-himalayan region. Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 795-7.

Penicillium rot of Dioscorea floribunda was recorded in Eastern India and the pathogen isolated from rotten tuber identified as Penicillium purpuregenum Stoll (IMI 303372). The fungus initiated its infection as a wound parasite, causing maximum damage to tubers in the month of February to the extent of 69.3%. The disease developed in a wide range of temperature (10-35°C) and relative humidity (60-90%). Both the diseased debris and inoculum present in the nursery served as primary source of infection. The disease appeared to be air-borne.

3 tables, 5 ref

009624   Bhattarai S;Chaudhary R P (Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal, Email: SB:bhattaraishandesh@yahoo.com) : Ethnobotany of wild Allium species in Manang district, Central Nepal. Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 471-6.

Ethnobotanical study of Allium species in Manang district, trans-Himalayan region of Nepal revealed that the local Manangwa (Gurung) community and traditional Tibetan doctors called amchis have been using different parts of plants as medicine to treat stomachache, headache, diarrhoea, dysentery, cough and cold, tonsillitis, white intestinal round worms, and high altitude sickness problems, to reduce gastritis, and to increase and purify the blood. Allium species are also found to be largely used as a substitute of vegetables and spices as well as a source of dietary requirements. Allium carolinianum is also considered to be highly nutritious and used by women after post-parturition as a substitute of meat in the Manang district.

1 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

009623   Bharad S G;Soni N;Raut V U;Nandre D R (Department of Horticulture PGI, Dr. PDKV University, Akola) : Influence of spacing and nitrogen levels on yield attributes and seed yield in Okra. Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 745-7.

An experiment conducted at the main garden, University Department of Horticulture Dr. PDKV Akola on okra variety cv. Akola Bahar' during the kharif season of 2004 to asses spacing and nitrogen levels on yield attributes and seed yield. The seed yield contributing characters viz. fruit size, number of fruits per plant, weight of fruits per plant, number of seeds per fruit and weight of seeds per fruit and per plant were found the maximum under wider spacing (45 x 45 cm) and on application of the higher dose of nitrogen. However, the seed yield per plot and per hectare was found maximum with closer spacing (45 x 15 cm) and higher dose of nitrogen (150 kg N ha^-1). The quality of seed in respect of, test weight and graded seed yield was found better in wider spacing along with higher dose of nitrogen (150 kg N ha^-1).

1 table, 12 ref

009622   Bakshi D;Mukhopadhyay A;Sinhababu A;Pal S C; Mandal N C (Department of Botany, Visva Bharati, Santiniketan-731 235, Email: mandalnc@rediffmail.com) : Survival, nodulation, and N<. Indian J expl Biol 2006, 44(11), 918-23.

Eleven strains of Rhizobium and five strains of Bradyrhizobium were examined for their viability as well nodulation and nitrogen fixation ability after storage under different conditions for two years. The storage conditions comprised lateritic soil, lateritic soil plus 1% mannitol, lateritic soil plus 0.1% yeast extract, lateritic soil plus 1% mannitol and 0.1% yeast extract, organic soil, organic soil plus 1% mannitol, organic soil plus 0.1% yeast extract, organic soil plus 1% mannitol and 0.1% yeast extract, and sterile distilled water. All the slow growing strains showed better viability than the fast growing strains in any of these conditions. The survived strains maintained their nodulation ability about 50-60% after one year and 40-50% after two years of preservation as compared to control, but the nodulation ability in sterile distilled water was very poor. Acetylene reduction activity in the nodules was found to be 70-90% and 50-70% after 12 and 24 months of preservation, respectively. The strains retained their phenotypic characters like antibiotic resistance and salt tolerance up to their highest survivability in respective nutritional condition.

4 tables, 19 ref

009621   Anuja S;Mohideen M K (Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu) : Genetic diversity for green yield characteristics in vegetable amaranthus (Amaranthus sp.). Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 615-7.

Presence of wide genetic diversity among the genotypes was revealed by Mahalanobis D² analysis. The 100 genotypes selected for the present investigation formed as many as ten clusters. The types chosen from the same eco-geographical origin were found scattered in different clusters. The clustering of types from different eco-geographic regions in one cluster was also observed. Among the clusters, the clusters IX and clusters X showed high genetic divergence, hence the crossing between the types of these two clusters may results in the development of useful progenies. Among the different characters, number of leaves and leaf area contributed the maximum genetic divergence.

4 tables, 5 ref