009716   Tiwari H C;Singh P;Mishra P K;Srivastava P (Chemical Engneering & Technology Dep, Institute of Technology, Babaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005, Email: pkmishra.che@itbhu.ac.in) : Evaluation of varios techniques for extraction of natural colorants from pomegranate rind-ultrasound and enzyme assisted extraction. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2010, 35(3), 272-6.

Ultrasound, enzyme and enzyme-mediated ultrasound assisted extraction processes have been used for the extraction of from pomegranate rind. Optimum parameters for dye extraction are found to be pH 10, extraction time 40 min and temperature 50 °C. The yields for ultrasound, enzyme, enzyme-mediated ultrasound assisted and solvent extraction are found to be 29.2%, 26.5%, 35.6% and 8.8% respectively. The dye obtained has been used for dyeing wool and cotton, keeping the optimum dye bath concentration as 10% and 8% (w/v) respectively. The fastness properties of wool are found to be very good while that of cotton is only satisfactory.

3 illus, 18 ref

009715   Thakre A R;Deshpande V S;Chatpalliwar A S (Industrial Engineeirng Dep, Shri Ramdeobaba Kamla Nehru Engineering College, Katol Road, Nagpur-13) : Minimization of engine assembly time by elimination of unproductive activities through MOST. J Soil Crop 2009, 19(2), 248-56.

The work in this paper highlights a developed methodology for minimization of non productive activities in an engine assembly line. Data were collected from the tractor manufacturing unit, for assembly of engine which is used in the tractor. This case study deals with the tractor new engine assembly plant where 87 engines assembled per shift. Study and observation of the assembly line indicates that under the traditional method of engine assembly, the total work content time for engine assembly is 88.81 min. with 18 manpower consumption. This study was done by work measurement technique called MOST (Maynard's Operation Sequence Technique). The sub activities calculated on the MOST estimation sheet. It has been observed that the excessive movements of the operator consume more work content time and manpower. Hence, for minimizing time MOST technology was tested with suitable changes in workplace layout and subassembly parts were incorporated. The outcome after applying MOST on revised set up resulted in 73.40 min. by which the production capacity increased from 87 engines shift^-1 to 117 engines shift^-1 with same existing manpower and by reducing TACT time. This has resulted in reduce work content and increasing production capacity. Hence MOST is ensured.

3 illus, 5 table, 4 ref

009714   Swarup R (NO, D.S. Institute of Technology & Management, Ghaziabad-201 007, Email: rsdsc_alg@yahoo.com) : Radioactive-MRF-stimulated electronic exploratio of metals and other geo-resources H₂O and hydrocarbonic fuels from earth. J Mines Metals Fuels 2009, 57(5-6), 141-7.

Scarce water, depleting minerals and energy resources, environmental pollution imposing global warming merit urgent attention and meticulous use of electronic communication and electrical transmission through earth altering the recent IT running only through <126>5% outer atmosphere, instead. The naturally occurring dielectric and electrical characteristics associated with geo-matters could not permit this goal. However, an artificial development of electrical as well as magneto-conductivity over different geo-matters under radioactivity and magnetot-radiq-frequency (MRF)-perturbations seems to impose geo-transmissions and the geo-IT responsible for the proposed mining technology namely, radioactive-MRF-stimulated electronic exploration of metals and other geo-resources in the shape of water and hydro-carbonic fluids from the earth. The strategic installations of geo-transmitters having radiating capability of optimized radioactive dosage, magnetic field and radiofrequency signals capable of exploration of desired fluids and metals due to solid state electroplating. This may ensure an efficient and environment friendly electronic exploration technique to explore geo-resources from earth. The merit of this technology with vital technical feasibility and commercial viability may be ensured by making use of simplest conceptual perception of heterogeneity associated with geo-matters endowed with pores as the naturally occurring crystal defects or those created by nuclear radiation tracking etc. i.e. a discontinuity in geo-solids impervious phases that can allow selective transport of chemical species like H₂O and other hydro-carbonic fluids in the shape of fuels or metallic-ions in different phases of MRF-transmission and communication processes through the deep rooted environment of earth.

9 illus, 28 ref

009713   Suresh Babu R M;Mahapatra U;Srivastava G P (Electronic & Instrumentation Group, BARC, Trombay, Mumbai-400 055) : I&C security of nuclear power plant. BARC Newsl 2010, 316(Sep), 54-9.

Instrumentation & Control (I&C) security, dealing with protection ofl&C functions against unauthorized modifications, needs to be managed by a systematic, comprehensive and dynamic methodology. This paper outlines such a methodology based on national and international standards and practices. It also touches upon typical threats and vulnerabilities related to computer-based systems and associated safeguards. The article concludes with a brief description of present work and other complementary approaches and emerging methodologies related to this topic.

1 illus, 6 ref

009712   Srikanth M;Kesava Raju V;Senthil Kumar M; Kiran Kumar A S (ISRO Satellite Centre (ISAC), Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), Bangalore-560 094) : Stellar imaging operations in cartosat-2A. J Spacecraft Technol 2010, 20(1), 56-64.

Radiometric calibration of optical payload in remote sensing satellites has traditionally been accomplished by means of ground calibration techniques. Cartosat-2 series of satellites has the capability to maneuver to any orientation such that celestial scenes can be imaged. Such capabilities of spacecraft systems are thoroughly exploited to have stellar scannings and hence obtain Point Spread Function (PSF) in order to characterize the onboard optical system. The spacecraft was maneuvered to image the stars in such a way to obtain PSF over the entire field of view (FOV) of the optical system for many times. The most probable PSF has been applied on the earth's imageries to enhance the image quality. These satellites were also made to scan the moon to provide radiometric calibration.

14 illus, 6 tables, 1 ref

009711   Sreenivasa Prasad K;Kalpana S;Asan Sukriya H M (Power Systems Group, ISAC, Bangalore-17) : Improved fail proof scheme for battery charge controller in RISAT. J Spacecraft Technol 2010, 20(1), 65-74.

Single point failure proof, is an essential feature of all spacecraft schemes. Traditionally, ISRO Low Earth Orbit satellites are based on dual power bus architecture, with two separate Nickel-Cadmium batteries. They employ a taper charge regulator to charge the batteries. An auto changeover circuit detects the failure of charger and shifts control over to a redundant charger. RISAT employs single regulated power bus architecture using a single nickel-hydrogen battery. Due to differences in the power bus architecture, the traditional charger scheme cannot be directly adopted for RISAT. A hot redundant scheme different from conventional majority voting logic has been designed for this purpose. This paper describes the design concept and operation of the 'Fail proofing' of battery charge Scheme being implemented in RISAT. This concept has been tested and verified in the RISAT qualification model. It is shown in this paper, that this scheme can be adopted for any other application, with suitable modifications, resulting in lesser hardware and improved performance.

11 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

009710   Singh V K (NO, Northern Coalfields Limited, Singrauli) : Status of productivity in surface coal mining in India as well as in USA and initiatives for productivity improvement with specific reference to Northern Coalfields Limited. J Mines Metals Fuels 2009, 57(3-4), 45-54.

To meet the commercial energy demand in consonance with the economic growth plan in a developing country like ours, the need to pay greater attention on developing and exploiting coal, the most economical of the energy resources with most productive technologies and adopting best practices with the transforming improvement in productivity has become imperative. For the last thirty years or so coal industry has survived and somewhat prospered too in seclusion. But with the opening up of economy and the growth trajectory it is currently following, such secluded prosperity will not suffice. The world has already become a global market and our energy security is very much dependent on coal and in turn on surface coal mining. Coal productivity has to increase tremendously and we will have to innovatively augment productivity to be competitive in the changing scenario. The existing trend in various productivity indicators, viz. QMS, capacity utilisation, availability, utilization, etc. are encouraging, but to achieve quantum jump in coal production at competitive cost, sweeping changes in the systems and processes are necessary to enhance productivity in coal mining at par with international level. This paper discusses the status of productivity in surface mines in India as well as in USA and initiatives for its improvement with the issues such as technological options, operation and maintenance practices, fleet management system, operations optimization, HRD, incentive schemes, productivity linked wages, discipline and work culture etc. that directly affect productivity. An example of the world's most productive mine has been included in the paper to demonstrate the possibilities of improvement in productivity in Indian surface coal mining scenario with technological innovations.

4 illus, 8 tables

009709   Singh V K (NO, Northern Coalfields Limited, Singrauli Collieries, Sidhi-486 889) : Overview of fire hazaed and its management in the large opencast coal mines of Northern Coalfields Limited. J Mines Metals Fuels 2009, 57(11), 352-61.

Fire continues to be an inherent danger in Indian coal mining industry and needs integrated approach. Besides the fires due to spontaneous heating, the problem of fire in opencast coal mines has become more complex in the light of large-scale mechanisation with high capacity heavy earth moving machines, coal handling plants, use of huge quantum of bulk explosives, POL and electricity. In addition to environmental degradation due to a large volume of smoke and other noxious gases, fires create difficult mining conditions and thus adversely affect safety and productivity. Fire. causes loss of production, loss of equipment, down time of equipment, injuries and even loss of human lives. "Prevention is better than cure" also holds good for fire. Energy is the prime mover for growth of a developing nation. Coal, with its large resources and easy affordability is, and will remain the primary source of energy in India. Energy demand in the country is increasing exponentially and is throwing greater challenges to the coal producing companies. The role of NCL in fulfilling country's energy demand can well be understood by the fact that, coal production of NCL during 2008-09 is about 13% of national coal production and about 16% of CIL's coal production. NCL alone accounted for a massive 22% of the total OB removal in Indian coal mines and 31% of OB removal in CIL. 20% of total volume handling in coal mines of India and 27% of total volume handling in CIL is done in NCL during 2008-09. During 2008-09 the average volume handling by an opencast project in CIL was 4.83 M.cum, whereas in NCL it is whopping 24.90 M.cum and is likely to further increase to 37.43 M.cum by 2011-12. The paper gives an account of the potential of fire hazard and its management in the capital intensive, mega size, highly mechanised mines of Northern Coalfields Limited, one of the Mini-Ratna subsidiaries of Coal India, which continuously supply coal to one of the largest power complexes in the world.

4 illus, 8 table

009708   Singh M (NO, BARC, Trombay, Mumbai-400 055) : Technology developments with robots. BARC Newsl 2010, 316(Sep), 33-9.

12 illus, ref

009707   Singh D;Mondal D P;Modi O P;Sethi V K (NO, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal-462 038, Email: mondaldp@yahoo.com) : Low stress abrasive wear response of boron steel under three body abrasion: effect of heat treatment and peening intensities. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2010, 17(3), 208-18.

The wear behaviour of medium carbon boron steel with various heat-treatment cycles (annealing, intercritical annealing, and quenching and tempering) has been examined after and prior to shot peening. Shot peening intensity varies in the range 0.17 - 0.47 mm ALMEN 'A'. The wear rate of intercritical annealed and quenched and tempered steels are considerably less than those of as-received and annealed steels, irrespective of the peening intensity. It is further noted that the wear rate reduced significantly irrespective of heat-treatment schedule at the critical peening intensity of 0.27 A, mm ALMEN.

10 illus, 1 tables, 28 ref

009706   Sharma S;Kumar D (Applied Chemistry Dep, Delhi College of Engineering, Delhi Univ, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi-110 042, Email: dkumar@dce.ac.in) : Solvatochromic behaviour of Polyaniline and alkyl substituted polyanilines. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2010, 17(3), 231-7.

The polyaniline and alkyl substituted polyanilines have been synthesized by chemical polymerization method and then characterized by using UV-visible spectrophotometer in different solvents such as propionic acid, acetic acid, formic acid and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. UV-visible data reveal that the nature (blue or red shift) and amount (i.e., strong or weak) of the shifts of polyanilines depends on the solvents used and the presence of alkyl substituents. The solvatochromic behaviour of these polymers has been studied in different solvents in order to explain all the shifts qualitatively. A comparative energy diagram is also presented to show the effect of the solvents on conducting polymers giving mainly two transitions, i.e., ζ-π* and n-π*. The band gap values have been calculated for all these conducting polymers by Tauc's method and these band gap values are found in the range 2.38-3.16 eV. The significance of present study evolves a trend in solvatochromic shifts of polyaniline and alkyl substituted polyanilines in different solvents.

7 illus, 3 tables, 21 ref

009705   Sharma N;Gangopadhyay S;Dhyani R (Transportation Planning and Environment Div, Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi-110 025, Email: sharmaniraj1990@rediffmail.com) : Methodology for estimation of CO2 reduction from mass rapid transit system (MRTS) projects. J scient ind Res 2010, 69(8), 586-93.

Mass rapid transit system (MRTS) have been provided in major cities in developed countries to improve public transportation system. There is a huge potential of reducing CO₂ emissions from transportation sector, particularly from projects like MRTS. Further, there are growing opportunities for various public transportation projects to earn carbon credits under CDM (Clean development mechanism) as per provisions of Kyoto Protocol. Using proposed methodology, reduction in CO₂ due to MRTS and other public transportation projects can be estimated conveniently, and also estimate other emissions (CO, HC, SPM/PM₁₀ and NO_x) from other similar public transportation related projects.

1 illus,7 table, 14 ref

009704   Sharan S;Roy N (NO, CGM, Satgram Area) : Coal mine fire-an overview and methods to deal alongwith some case studies. J Mines Metals Fuels 2009, 57(11), 385-8.

009703   Sen F;Sayer M (Machanical Engineering Dep, Sheffield Univ, Sheffield, United Kingdom) : Influences of multiple holes on thermal stresses in a thermoplastic composite disc. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2010, 17(3), 157-68.

The aim of this investigation is to observe the influence of multiple holes on thermal stresses in a thermoplastic composite hollow disc. For this purpose, a thermoplastic composite disc is reinforced by steel fibers as curvilinear for radial direction, and thermal loads are carried out for uniform distribution at various temperatures. The solution is completed in two parts that are elastic and elastic-plastic analysis. Additionally, residual stresses are calculated using these analysis results. Finite element method (FEM) is utilized for calculation of thermal stresses. Therefore, the thermal stress analysis is performed using ANSYSr finite element software. Due to the fact that composite disc have different thermal expansions in radial and tangential directions, thermal stresses are taken place in disc by the applied uniform thermal loadings. The magnitude of the tangential stress components both elastic and elastic-plastic solutions is higher than that of the radial stress components, except edges of multiple holes. The study concludes that magnitudes and distributions of thermal and residual stresses on the composite disc are considerably affected by increasing the uniform temperature loadings and existence of multiple holes.

7 illus, 3 tables, 23 ref

009702   Saravanakumar P T;Mayilsamy K (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Dr Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi-642 003, Email: ptscfd@gmail.com) : Forced convection flat plate solar air heaters with and withot termal storage. J scient ind Res 2010, 69(12), 966-8.

This paper presents thermal performance of flat plate solar air heater (SAH) with and without thermal storages. A forced convection solar collector (FCSC) integrated with different sensible heat storage material has been developed and tested for its performance for solar collector under meteorological conditions of Aliyar, Pollachi Taulk, India. System consists of a flat plate SAH with heat storage unit, and a centrifugal blower to increase collector outlet temperature and efficiency (10-20%). Gravel with iron scraps gives better efficiency than other storage materials. FCSC is more suitable for drying high quality dried product even in a cloudy climate like Pollachi.

4 illus, 15 ref

009701   Saminandan V;Meenakshi M (NO, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Pondicherry-605 014, Email: sivan_saminadan@yahoo.co.in) : Wavelength conversion and in-band crostalk in WDM optical networks. J Optics 2009, 38(3), 131-48.

Wavelength-routed all-optical networks have emerged as a popular architectural solution for wide area networks and are being conceived for future broadband communications. Call connection probability in such networks depends on the number of WDM wavelengths employed and on the capability for wavelength conversion at network nodes. Equipping all the network nodes with wavelength conversion capability to reduce the blocking probability is not a cost effective solution due to the high cost of wavelength converters (WC). Hence, networks equipped with converters at only some of the nodes are more practical. However, these nodes should be identified optimally so that network blocking probability is minimized. In this paper, wavelength converters based on four wave mixing (FWM) in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) is considered. In WDM all-optical networks, in-band crosstalk is regarded as one of the major transmission impairments. In-band crosstalk usually arises when multiple signals at identical or adjacent wavelengths pass through an optical crossconnect node. In-band crosstalk leads to increased receiver BER. This paper considers in-band crosstalk arising in a network which is equipped with wavelength converters. For every dynamically arriving connection request, a route is determined using Dijikstra's algorithm and a free wavelength is determined using the random wavelength assignment. If no common free wavelength is available, connection is tried using wavelength converters, if available, on the given route. If wavelength assignment does not succeed, the call is blocked. If wavelength assignment succeeds, the BER at the destination node is computed before establishing the lightpath. If the estimated BER exceeds 110^-12, the call is blocked. Otherwise, the call is admitted. The results reveal that wavelength converters are not useful in networks that already suffer from crosstalk conditions.

12 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

009700   Saini M K;Srivastava P K;Choudhury N; Mukherjee A N;Samanta D K (NO, Central Institute of Mining & Fuel Research Unit Ranchi, Ranchi-834 010, Email: manojkumar@gmail.com) : Physicochemical investigations of the coal from east Bokaro coalfied (Muditoli Block)-a case study. J Mines Metals Fuels 2009, 57(7), 188-93.

Detailed investigations with respect to chemical, petrological and carbonization characteristics have been carried on a single borehole coal core of Muditoli area of East Bokaro coalfield, drilled by Geological Survey of India. The Muditoli block contains 29 uncorrelated seams as encountered in the single borehole. Total thickness of the coal is 118.25 meters within a depth range from 398.40 meters to 1164.50 meters as encountered in the borehole. All the seams are interbanded and wide variation in the seam thickness as is observed. The strata associated with the coal seams are coarse grained, medium grained and fine-grained sandstone. All these seams found in this borehole have shown excellent maturity due to deep seated nature. An increasing trend of carbon content and reflectance value with increasing depth are observed. The coal characteristic data along with the carbonization parameters indicate that coal is medium to prime coking in nature. However, the coking properties after WOO meter depth are found to drop significantly. The poor coking properties of these coals (below 1000 meter) are also evidenced from carbon (dmmf) values which are more than 91.8%. If the reserve of the coal in this sector is good enough and mining is technically and economically feasible then this coal may be a good source of coking coal in future.

7 illus, 3 tables, 11 ref

009699   Sahay N;Ahmed I;Varma N K;Sinha A (NO, Central Institute of Mining & Fuel Research, Barwa Road, Dhanbad-826 001) : Assessment of status and extent of fire in abandoned coalmines-a case study. J Mines Metals Fuels 2009, 57(11), 406-12.

The problem of fire in abandoned mines is a global challenge to all coal producing countries. The main and immediate concern is to save the vital surface structures like railway lines/roads, bridges, rivers/stream, overhead construction from such fires as well as protecting adjacent underground property of the mine either by isolating or digging out permanently. But the difficulties are being faced, in both the cases of isolation of such fires, due to lack of knowledge of exact location of fire in unapproachable mine as the surface evidence of fires may not be related by straight line paths to the source of combustion. Authors have identified three zones around fire viz., active fire zone, upstream zone (negative pressure zone) and downstream zone (positive pressure zone) on the basis of some parameters viz temperature, pressure by measurement through boreholes, gas composition, fire index ratio from results of air samples collected through boreholes and application of US Mine Fire Diagnostic (MFD) model. Vector representation of trend of gas composition, borehole wise, was also used in identifying the different zones and their widths. This concept was applied for identifying different zones of fire affected area in one of the mine of Bharat Coking Coal Limited (BCCL) situated in central part of India in state of Jharkhand. The details of methodology for measurement of parameters considered, particulars of the mine and experimental conditions, results of investigation and steps for calculation of status and extent of fires including rate of progress for some period have been covered in this paper.

7 illus, 3 table, 11 ref

009698   Sabrigiriraj M;Meenakshi M;Roopkumar R (Eletronics and Communication Engineering Dep, Coimbatore Institute of Engineering and Information Technology, Narasipuram post, Coimbatore-641 109, Email: sabari_giriraj@yahoo.com) : Wevelength assignment for all-to-all broadcast in WDM optical ring with limited drops. J Optics 2009, 38(2), 103-23.

All-to-all broadcast communication is to disseminate a unique message from each node to every other node in a network. This is a fundamental problem in multiprocessor systems and telecommunication networks that need to collect information about other nodes in the network regularly in order to manage network resources efficiently. It is known that in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical networks with single hop routing, the number of wavelengths needed for realizing all-to-all broadcast is quite large, even for a moderately sized network. One possible method to reduce the number of wavelengths is to adopt a network with drop-and-continue capable nodes. In such networks, a message from a source node can be dropped only at a limited number of destination nodes along a light path due to power loss of the dropping optical signals at the destination nodes. In this paper, a new wavelength assignment method is proposed to establish all-to-all broadcast in unidirectional ring and bi-directional ring networks which contain drop-and-continue capable nodes. An upper bound on the number of wavelengths required to establish all-to-all broadcast is also derived for unidirectional ring and bi-directional ring.

2 illus, 3 table, 23 ref

009697   Rivera Guillen J R;Romero Troncoso R J; Osornio Rios R A;Garcia Perez A;Torries Pacheco I (HSP digital-CA Mecatronica, Gaculted de Ingenieria campus San Juan del Rio, Universided Autonoma d, Rio Moctezuma 249, San Cayetano, C.P.76807 San Juan del Rio, Qro., Mexico, Email: troncoso@hspdigital.org) : Extending tool-life through jerk-limited motion dynamics in machining processes: an experimental study. J scient ind Res 2010, 69(12), 919-25.

This paper analyzes jerk repercussion in tool life under an experimental study on a retrofitted CNC lathe, where a trochoidal geometry is machined. Results show an up to 60% tool-life improvement and 50% of surface roughness reduction whenjerk-hmited motion dynamics on machining process are utilized.

6 illus, 26 ref

009696   Ritesh Kumar (NO, Central Institue of Mining & Fuel Research, Barwa Road, Dhanbad-826 001) : Utilization potential of coal combustion residue in Indian mines. J Mines Metals Fuels 2009, 57(5-6), 133-40.

The present paper highlights several uses that the coal combustion residue can be put to in the mining areas and the several environmental benefits of its use. Several case studies prove beyond doubt the utilization potential of coal combustion residues. Judicious handling of the coal combustion residue, especially with respect to those power stations that are situated in and around mining areas and those coming up in the mining areas in the near future, will not only solve the disposal problem but, at the same time, it would solve several other existing problems of the mining areas.

1 table, 50 ref

009695   Ray S K;Patra A K;Ghosh A K (NO, Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Barwa Road, Dhanbad-826 001) : Disaster due to coal mines explosions. J Mines Metals Fuels 2009, 57(5-6), 156-60.

Deals with an account of occurrences and causes behind disaster due to explosions in Indian mines. Principal causes and mechanisms of explosion, and precautions against explosion are also discussed. The review indicates that although frequency of occurrence of explosion induced disasters have reduced over the years in coal mines of India, there is a need of implementation of modern technologies such as environmental tele-monitoring system in fire prone mines in general, and in degree II/III gassy mines in particular, to arrive at the zero-disaster regime. There is a need for an additional categorization of gassiness of seam such as degree IV gassy seam for the seam where rate of gas emissions is more than 20 m³ per tonne of coal raised. Arrangement for methane drainage or coal seam denazification or coal bed methane recovery should be given top priority on degree III and proposed degree IV mines.

1 illus, 3 tables, 9 ref

009694   Ravichandran M H;Sadasivan Achari V T;Joseph C C;Devasahayam R (Spacecraft Inertial Group, ISRO Inertial Systems Unit, Trivandrum) : Design analysis and development of halbach array PMBDC motor for torquing the gimbal of control moment gyroscope. J Spacecraft Technol 2010, 20(1), 51-5.

Gives the details of the design analysis and development ofHalbach array PMBDC motor for torquing the gimbal of control moment gyroscope, initial design, selection of major parameters and airgap magnetic flux density are estimated using the analytical model of the machine. Three types of the machine configurations, Slotless PMBDC, Careless enclosed rotor PMBDC with and without Halbach array magnet were analyzed using FE and compared. Careless enclosed rotor Halbach array PMBDC machine delivers highest average torque among the three configurations. The proportion of Halbach array is optimized using FE to deliver near trapezoidal flux pattern in the airgap. The machine was realized and tested. This machine develops 1.3 Nmfor 1A excitation and 5.2 Nmfor 4A. Power consumption for 2Nm at 50 RPM is 43% lesser than that of conventional slotless PMBDC machine. As the machine is careless, cogging torque and magnetic stiction are eliminated and hence provide position stability.

13 illus, 4 tables, 4 ref

009693   Ramulu M;Sitharam T G;Raina A K;Choudhury P B;Chakraborty A K (Central Institute of Mining & Fuel Research, Regional Centre, 3rd Floor, MECL complex Seminary Hills, Nagpur-440 006) : Effect of repeated blast vibrations on damage intensity of granitic rock mass at an hydroelectic construction project. J Mines Metals Fuels 2009, 57(5-6), 148-55.

Rock blastinginduced ground vibrations produce deformations in the vicinity of blasting site. The effect of blast loading on structures is a growing concern of safety and stability. Extensive data are available on the behaviour of surface structures subjected to blast vibrations. However, only limited information is available on the effect of blast induced dynamic forces on the underground openings like tunnels and caverns. The reported findings state that blast induced dynamic stress, one or several cycles of repeated strains may cause deterioration in the rock mass or create damage to the dam foundation. This paper deals with the research work carried out at Jurala hydroelectric power project (JHPP) on the effect of repeated blast vibrations on powerhouse foundation in a jointed rock mass. The damage caused by blast induced vibrations can be categorized into two types: (i) near-field damage due to high frequency vibrations when the blast is occurring in the close proximity and (ii) far-field damage due to low frequency vibrations when the blast is occurring relatively farther distances. The near-field damage was assessed by monitoring blast vibrations and borehole camera inspection survey. The far-field damage was assessed by continuous monitoring of vibrations, borehole camera inspection survey and P-wave velocity measurement by ultrasonic testing machine. Borehole camera was used to examine the crack extension and damage inspection of rock mass. This paper reveals that repeated dynamic loading imparted on the jointed rock mass from subsequent blasts, in the vicinity, resulted in damage even at 22% of critical peak particle velocity (V_max). The far-field damage due to the repeated blast loading of 40-45 rounds was more than 77% of the near-field damage. The results of the experimental study indicate that vibration levels, even at less than critical V_max, can cuase safety and stability problems to the structures in/on jointed rock mass, when exposed to the repeated blast loading. The paper stresses the need for consideration of the effect of repeated blast loading in fixing the threshold limits of Vmax to avoid far-field damage.

8 illus, 4 tables, 31 ref

009692   Rajesha Kumar S;Ambirajan A;Huilgol S V; Dinesh Kumar (Thermal Systems Group, ISRO Satellite Centre, Bangalore-560 017) : Degradation of solar absorptance of indigenous W-117 white paint on INSAT-3A C-band reflector in geostationary orbit. J Spacecraft Technol 2010, 20(1), 40-50.

In geo-stationary orbit, the reflectors are exposed to highly varying solar flux environments. As a part of thermal design for the INSAT-3A C-band west reflector, the front surface of the reflector is coated with indigenously developed TiO₂ based W-117 white paint. To predict the operating temperature of the reflector, the thermo-optical properties (solar absorptance and infrared emittance) of the coatings are required. It is also important to know how those properties are going to degrade in geo-stationary orbit throughout the life of the spacecraft due to exposure to UV radiation, high-energy protons and electrons, low energy solar wind protons and contamination from other parts of the spacecraft. Based on correlating on-orbit temperature data with a thermal mathematical model of the reflector, it was observed that the solar absorptance of the reflector white paint is much higher than expected at deployment and increases with time. A correlation is presented that relates the reflector white paint solar absorptivity with days from deployment.

10 illus, 8 tables, 17 ref

009691   Raina A K;Chakraborty A K;Choudhury P B; Ramulu M;Udpikar V;Sinha A (NO, Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, 3rd Floor, MECL Complex, Seminary Hills, Nagpur-440 006, Email: cmrirc@dataone.in) : Fragalyst 3.0: an indigenous fragmentation assessment tool based on digital image analysis - application and analysis. J Mines Metals Fuels 2009, 57(3-4), 83-88.

Fragalyst 3.0 is an advanced version of the Fragalyst 2.0 developed indigenously by CIMFR and Wavelet Group Pune. The software has multiple functions where the digital images of blasted fragments can be analysed for size distributions (BBSD) and the in situ block size distribution (/BSD) can also be determined using the joint frequencies in a blast face. The software then uses the Bond's Index to determine the explosive energy utilisation in a blast. Initially an image of the face is to be imported and joints determined by using a scanline method which in turn determines the IBSD. Once blast is carried out on the same face sufficient number of images (at least 15) need to be imported in the software and analysed for fragmentation distribution. Several options of image enhancement, resize and crop are also available along with a large combination of threshold parameters which makes edge detection easy. The detected edges of fragments can be edited using advanced tools. The analysis of all the individual images is then called for a merged analysis of the blasted fragment size distribution (BBSD). A fines correction option is now available for correcting the BBSD for fines. The area between the BBSD and IBSD curves determines the explosive energy utilised in the blast. The software results have been compared to the results obtained with imported software and results are conforming. The software has been tested at number of sites in India and significant changes in productivity have been reported. There are some advanced features included in the software such as shape factor, spherocity and other distributions of blasted fragments, distance measurements and angle calculations which can be useful to an inquisitive researcher. The paper details the capabilities of Fragalyst 3.0 along with few applications and respective analysis.

8 illus, 4 tables, 17 ref

009690   Quamruzzaman C;Golam Mostofa A K M;Farhad Howladar M;Ahmed M;Abdul Motin Mondal M D (Geology & Mining Dep, Rajshahi Univ, Rajshahi, Bangladesh) : Mine backfill design study for Barapukuria coal mine, Dinajpur, Bangladesh. J Mines Metals Fuels 2009, 57(7), 163-7,73.

Mining of coal in thick seam, subsidence of direct roof, indirect as well surfaces deform and create the cavity due to non filling of caved mining area. The backfill provides additional support and may enhance coal recovery by restricting lateral deformation of surrounding coal pillars and roof. The overall feasibility of backfill depends on the in situ behaviour of the fill materials, the properties of the fill, and the effects of the filling method on the total mining operation. The influence of these parameters has been studied and indicate that the implementation of backfilling materials in the mined out gob area reduces the rate of subsidence of the ground surface at a satisfactory rate. To extract coal from Barapukuria Coal Mining Company (BCMC) using the method of inclined slicing roof caving longwall mining along the strike, and the sequence of slices mining from top to bottom. Mining of 1101 coal face initiated caving from the lowest strata in the immediate roof and propagated upward into the Gondwana Formation, to the base of lower Dupi Tila and as well finally up to the surface. The main concern of caving process relating to subsidence occurrence at the ground surface of the BCMC site.is the development of subsidence troughs. Overall filling process can eliminate subsidence to a tolerable limit. On the other hand, filling method allows to increase the percentage of recovery of the coal over the caving mining methods. In case of caving method subsidence may appear 30 to 38% but on the other hand by filling (stowing), subsidence in the caved area can reduce the effects of subsidence at around 90 to 95% in totality. As per our observations we found only 3 to 5% subsidence may happen. In filling condition the degree of curvature on the subsidence profile and a that may arise from multi slicing mining conditions in the very thick seam like Barapukuria condition. Its failure would seriously jeopardize any future mining prospects in the country. Incorporation of this research work will facilitate guidelines and provide an integrated tool for future longwall planning and design of the mine.

2 illus, 6 tables, 15 ref

009689   Pradhan Premananda;Dey K (Mining Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Email: kausdey@yahoo.com ) : Productivity improvement through selection of operating mode of surface miner-a computational approach. J Mines Metals Fuels 2009, 57(3-4), 67-74.

Surface miners find their ncitu-fal applications in projects where drilling and blasting is prohibited or selective mining of mineral, partings and overburden is required. It also offers further advantages like less coal/mineral loss and less dilution, improved coal/mineral recovery with improved quality and finer fragment size which eliminates crushing. Surface miner can work in mining of limestone and coal with competitive cost if deployed judicially. The productivity of surface miner largely depends on the rock properties, machine configuration and application of surface miner. The rock properties are immutable and the machine configuration is one time decision of the higher management. Thus, mining engineer has to operate surface miner judicially to achieve the maximum production. In this paper, the development of a computer software is presented, which helps mining engineer for selecting the optimum mode of operation. The software is tested for a trial case and is found satisfactory.

12 illus, 8 ref

009688   Pradhan G K;Thote N R (NO, Petroleum Conservation Research Association, Kolkata) : Rock quality designation (RQD)-an useful tool for blast design in surface mines. J Mines Metals Fuels 2009, 57(3-4), 89-92.

Selection of mining methods vis-a-vis excavation system holds much importance in view of the nature of the rock type and its variable strength characteristics generally encountered during bench blasting. Blasting plays an immense role since the physico-mechanical properties of rock, govern the process of fragmentation and displacement of rock muck pile. Several studies and field trials have been undertaken by the authors to evolve proper explosive selection, so as to result in optimum fragmentation and better productivity. An attempt has been made in this paper to identify the various physico-mechanical properties of rock in blast design and its correlation with fragmentation results. A number of studies have since been done on laboratory scale and attempt is made to establish the same in the field. Rock quality designation (RQD) was found to be one of the most useful parameter in blast design and evaluation. The encouraging results of the study will definitely benefit the blast design engineer and productive units and will immensely benefit the mining operators.

2 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

009687   Panigrahi D C;Dhattacharjee R M (Mining Engineering Dep, Indian School of Minses Univ, Dhanbad) : Development of medifiled gas indices for early detection of spantaneous heating in coal pillars. J Mines Metals Fuels 2009, 57(11), 372-384.

Extensive field studies have been carried out to investigate the pillar fire problems in coal mine in India. A thermal IR gun and a thermovision camera have been employed for thermal scanning to assess the state of heating in selected pillars. Special sampling set ups have been designed to collect gas samples from the holes drilled into the selected pillars and the multigas detector is used to analyse the composition of samples in situ spot. In order to predict the spontaneous heating in coal pillars different gas ratios have been calculated and it has been observed that some of the established gas ratios, viz. Graham's ratio, Young's ratio etc. have resulted in negative values in samples containing high amount of methane. The modified gas ratios have been proposed which will be useful for predicting the pillar fires. These ratios may also be used for assessing the condition of fires in sealed off areas.

6 illus, 5 table, 7 ref

009686   Pal S;et al. (Opto-electronic Devices Group, Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (Council of Scienti, Pilani-333 031) : Fabrication and performance-analysis of a planar silica-based cascaded symmetic Y-branch 1X8 optical power splitter. J Optics 2009, 38(3), 149-59.

Fabrication of a planar silica-based cascaded symmetric Y-branch 1x8 optical power splitter is described in this study. Post-fabrication, thorough analysis of device-performance is presented in terms of insertion loss, non-uniformity and polarization-dependent loss. The fabricated device is designed based on cascaded Y-branching waveguide, comprising of a linear taper and symmetric S-bend arc branching waveguides. The simulated values of the average insertion loss, non-uniformity and polarization-dependent loss at the wavelength of 1550 nm are found to be 9.37 δB, 0.35 δB and 0.04 δB respectively. However, the above parameters have been measured to be around 17.5δB, 1.5δB and 1.8 δB respectively, for the fabricated device at that wavelength. Measured parameters are compared with the simulated results over a wavelength region of C & L band range. Some preventive points to minimize the deviation of the measured values of the parameters from those of the simulated results are also discussed.

9 illus, 12 ref

009685   Neeraj Kumar (NO, Modular Mining Systems Pvt. Ltd., Australia, Email: kumar@mmsi.com) : Intellimine ® system-an inexpensive reengineering tool in recessionary times. J Mines Metals Fuels 2009, 57(3-4), 97-101.

2 illus, 9 ref

009684   Neelesh Kumar;Kunju N;Amod Kumar;Sohi B S (NO, Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIO), Chandigarh) : Active marker based kinematic and spatio-temporal gait measurement system using lab view vision. J scient ind Res 2010, 69(8), 600-5.

Presents an automated, easy to use, cost-effective, patient-friendly, active marker based gait measurement (GM) system for 2-D tracking and extraction of spatio-temporal parameters of human gait. Active markers, consisting of visible light-emitting diodes (LEDs), were positioned at anatomical landmarks to measure coordinated kinematics of human joints. Acquired image data were processed and analyzed using Lab VIEW vision for determination of spatio-temporal parameters.

7 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

009683   Nag T K;Peeyush Kumar (NO, Central Coalfileds Limited, Ranchi) : Case studies on existing fires in CCL command area. J Mines Metals Fuels 2009, 57(11), 362-8.

3 illus, 1 table

009682   Mohiyuddin M;Rathna Kumar M (Communication Systems Group, ISRO Satellite Centre, Bangalore-560 017) : Integer-N PLL local oscillator for non-coherent satellite transponder. J Spacecraft Technol 2010, 20(1), 34-9.

The telecommand receiver for ISRO 's small satellite missions requires two local oscillator signals for accomplishing two stage down-conversion of the uplink signal in the spacecraft. Unlike the IRS spacecrafts the small satellites rely exclusively on the 'satellite positioning system' for position determination and hence a non-coherent transponder is adequate for meeting the telecommand and telemetry needs of the mission. The local oscillator for this noncoherent transponder's receiver was realized with an integer-N PLL frequency synthesizer. The local oscillator when tested with the Receiver successfully achieved all performance parameters for satisfactory operation of the total system.

7 illus, 1 table, 4 ref

009681   Mishra A K (NO, Indian Explosives/Orissa, Kolkata) : Innovative changes in mining using digtal blasting technology. J Mines Metals Fuels 2009, 57(3-4), 102-8.

9 illus, 7 ref

009680   Milosawewitsch Aliaga M;Osornio Rios R A; Romero Troncoso R J (Faculted de Ingenieria Campus San Juan del Rio, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Rio Moctezuma 249, San Cayetano, C.P.76807 San Juan del Rio, Qro., Mexico) : Model-based iterative feedback tuning for industrial PID controllers. J scient ind Res 2010, 69(12), 930-6.

This paper proposes a model-based iterative feedback tuning over a pseudolinear closed loop output error model basis. Its effectiveness is proven in an industrial level-control system.

5 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

009679   Mangalpady A (Mining Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology, Karnataka, Surathkal, P.O. Srinivasnagar-575 025, Email: mangalpady@yahoo.com) : Optimization of shovel-dumper system in surface mines by using match factor method. J Mines Metals Fuels 2009, 57(7), 168-73.

Computers have brought a revolution in almost every realm of life and become an indispensable part of human activities. Mining industry is no such exception. One of the major problems in surface mining is materials handling, which involves transportation of both ore and overburden. Most of the projects make use of shovel-dumper system due to its high degree of flexibility. This paper addresses application of match factor method for optimization of shovel-dumper fleet in surface mine projects. A surface iron ore mine was simulated using the computer model developed and the match factor was calculated for existing system. To make match factor unity compared to existing match factor of 0.43, it was found that the number of dumpers would have to be increased to 54, in addition to existing trucks. The model attempts to quantify the apparent balance between the number of loading devices and the number of haulage equipment.

2 illus, 7 tables, 15 ref

009678   Mandal S K;Singh M M (Blasting Dep, Central Institute of Mining & Fuel Research, Dhanbad) : Mathematical model to understand impact of velocity of detonation on vibration magnitude. J Mines Metals Fuels 2009, 57(7), 178-82.

Drilling and blasting is accepted as the cheapest and most suitable method for excavation of rock. The socio-eco-environmental constraints and increasing trend of population growth around excavation works enforces the blasting personnel to comply with high risk during implementation of blasting activities in populated areas. In addition to flying of blasted fragments, if any, ground vibration and inaudible (AOP) and audible noise heard during blasting intensifies the human response and recon for safe blasting practice for safety of inhabitants and structures around the excavation works. In addition to charge per delay, velocity of detonation (VOD) of explosive also quantifies magnitude of vibration at any distance of concern. Considering VOD of explosive as one of the parameter to influence magnitude of vibration, the paper puts forward a mathematical model to illustrate the significant role it plays in quantifying magnitude of vibration at any distance of concern. To understand the influence of explosive diameter and blast hole diameter for bulk loading on vibration magnitude, the paper puts forward a mathematical model to illustrate the same.

4 illus, 40 ref

009677   Mahapatra S P;Sahoo S K;Nanda S;Hembam P; Palchaudhary a;Patnaik S C (Research and Development Dep, Smelter Plant, NALCO, Angul-759 145, Email: sks@nitrkl.ac.in) : Numerical simulation of aluminum bar casting for wire rod production. J scient ind Res 2010, 69(12), 913-18.

In a continuous casting of wire rod production, a cast bar, which is formed in a rotating wheel mould, is subsequently rolled by a set of rolls to form wire rod. To improve fundamental understanding of wheel-belt continuous bar casting process, a two dimensional transient thermal model has been formulated based on finite element method. Temperature of cast bar predicted by model has been verified by actual temperature measurement during casting at different operating conditions. Simulation results show the influence of various operating parameters on temperature distribution of cast bar.

9 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

009676   Lohar K A;Ramana Reddy V V;Viswanatha N;Laxmi Prasad A S;Patnaik M M M (Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems (LEOS), ISRO, Bangalore-560 058) : Analytical model for the analysis of onboard data of solar panel sun sensor (SPSS): chandrayaan-1. J Spacecraft Technol 2010, 20(1), 25-33.

Describes the mathematical formulation to develop an analytical model of solar panel sun sensor onboard Chandrayaan-1. A MATLAB code was developed to generate the plots which show the characteristics of the sensors. Sensor hardware dependent behaviors like slope variations over cross field of view and blocking of input sun signal due to the aperture window are also incorporated in MATLAB model. The code was validated against the lab simulated sensor outputs and then the model was further used to analyze the onboard data of both main and redundant SPSS. This paper presents the onboard observations and its detailed analysis. Suggestions for future are made.

11 illus, 1 tables, 7 ref

009675   Limaye P K;Soni N L;Agrawal R G (Refuelling Technology Div, BARC, Trombay, Mumbai-400 055) : Technology Development for indigenous water ilubricated bearing. BARC Newsl 2010, 316(Sep), 70-4.

Water Lubricated Bearings (WLB) are used in various mechanisms of fuel handling systems of PHWR and AHWR. Availability and random failures of these bearings was a major factor in refuelling operations. Indigenous development of these bearings was taken up and 7 types of antifriction bearings in various sizes (totaling 37 variants) for PHWR, AHWR and Dhruva applications were successfully developed. This paper deals with various aspects of WLB development.

4 illus, 2 ref

009674   Lakshman D;Kannan M V;Bhojraj H (Programme Planning and Evaluation Group, ISRO Satellite Centre, Bangalore-560 017) : Application of root analysis techniques in spacecraft project management. J Spacecraft Technol 2010, 20(1), 1-13.

Managing multiple and complex projects under one roof is a challenge within many space agencies in the world. Too often, in these space organizations, projects schedule runs on a critical path and ultimately slips from the baseline plan due to a number of reasons. In a multi project environment, a spillover in one project activity significantly affects the pace of the parallel and future projects which are directly or indirectly depend on the same resources. In the wake of this, the space agencies are actively involved in locating the factors that are negatively affecting the progress of the project, but in the present scenario, the traditional methods and techniques are proved to be less adequate. In the early 80s when the manufacturing firms were looking for a technique to identify and remove the causes of defects and errors in the manufacturing process, the concept of Six Sigma originated at Motorola. Six Sigma makes use of DMAIC Methodology to systematically Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control the manufacturing processes and eliminate defects. This paper attempts to extend the benefits of the Root Cause Analysis (RCA) Techniques from the Analytical phase of the DMAIC methodology to troubleshoot the causes of spacecraft Project Schedule slippage. It illustrates the use of three key RCA Techniques- WHY-WHY Technique, Cause and Effect Analysis and Pareto Analysis for better understanding the parameters that are responsible for schedule shift from estimated one in a space industry. The above three techniques are broadly described to ensure their application in all the area of project management. In a nutshell, this paper provides an insight into one of the challenging aspect of Project Management: Identification of all the possible causes that may result in Project Schedule Variance, using the RCA Techniques.

6 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

009673   Lain S;Osorio C (Energetics and Mechanics Dep, Fluid Mechanics Research Group, Universidad Autonoma de Occidente, Cali (Colombia), Email: santiago.lain@gmail.com) : Simulation and evaluation of a straight-bladed darrieus-type cross flow marine turbine. J scient ind Res 2010, 69(12), 906-12.

This study presents numerical simulations of a cross-flow vertical-axis marine current turbine (straight-bladed Darrieus type) with particular emphasis on rotor-performance prediction and hydrodynamic characteristics. Numerical investigations of a model turbine (power coefficient and flow behaviour) were undertaken using developed computational models. Turbine design was studied using a time-accurate Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) commercial solver (Fluent v. 6.3). A physical transient-rotor-stator model with a sliding mesh technique was used to capture change in flow field at a particular time step. A shear stress-transport κ-u turbulence model was used to model turbulent features of the flow. Developed model can effectively predict hydro-dynamic performance of a vertical-axis marine current turbine.

7 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

009672   Kosi A;Solar M (NO, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science in Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia, Email: andrej.kosi@uni-mb.si) : Solutions for improving reliablities of DVB-T/H transmitters, systems and networks. J scient ind Res 2010, 69(8), 580-5.

This study presents improving reliability of transmission equipment and digital television network. Solutions for exciter and power amplifiers are presented at transmitter level. Complex solutions (dual drive, N+l, N+M, etc.) are demonstrated at system level. Reliability and coverage aspects in both multi- and single frequency networks are presented at network level. Also, solutions presented to failures of individual parts and transmitter architecture for improving transmitter reliability.

9 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

009671   Karakuzu R;Erbil E;Aktas M (Machanical Engineering Dep, Dokuz Eylul Univ, 35100, Izmir, Turkey) : Damage prediction in glass/epoxy laminates subjected to impact loading. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2010, 17(3), 186-98.

In this paper, the impact behaviour of glass/epoxy laminated composite plates with [0/±0/90]_s fiber orientation is investigated numerically at equal energy (40 J), equal velocity (2 m/s) and equal impactor mass (5 kg). In order to examine the stacking sequence effect, five different ±9 fiber directions are chosen as 15°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 75°. Three different plate thicknesses as 2.9 mm, 5.8 mm, and 8.7 mm are also selected to survey the thickness effect on impact behaviour of glass/epoxy composite plates. The overlapped delamination area is obtained for composite plates with different stacking sequences and different thicknesses. A transient finite element code 3DIMPACT is used for numerical analyses. In this code an eight-point brick element and the direct Gauss quadrature integration scheme are used through the element thickness to account for the change in material properties from layer to layer. The Newmark scheme is also adopted to perform time integration step by step. In addition, a contact law incorporated with the Newton-Raphson method is applied to calculate the contact force during impact. Numerical results are compared with the experimental study and it has been seen that they are in good agreement with the experimental results.

14 illus, 1 tables, 27 ref

009670   Kamalakar J A;Laxmi Prasad A S;Bhaskar K V S; Selvaraj P;Venkateswarn R;Sridhar Raja V L N;Kalyani K;Goswami A; Ravikumar K (Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems (LEOS), Indian Space Research Organizaion 1st Stage, 1st Cross, Peenya Industrial Estate, Bangalore-560 058, Email: kamalakar@leos.gov.in) : Design, development and performance of a laser ranging instrument onboard Chandrayaan-1. J Spacecraft Technol 2010, 20(1), 13-24.

Presents the design, development, analysis, and testing of a laser ranging instrument that was conceptualized and built for India's maiden lunar mission Chandrayaan-1. The instrument LLRI (Lunar Laser Ranging Instrument) is one of the suite of eleven instruments onboard Chandrayaan-1. LLRI will produce topographic maps of the Moon from a nominal 100 km orbit during a two-year mission. It comprises a diode-pumped Q-switch Nd: YAG laser source of 10 mJ energy at 1064 nm wavelength, a 2-mirror Zerodur Zall-Kirkham receiver optics, a single element avalanche photodiode detector and processing electronics. Presents details of the instrument, design and development along with new methodologies that were implemented during instrument's alignment, environmental and range tests (viz., interferometry, retro-reflector and CCD based alignment schemes, FORS (Fiber Optic Range Simulator) and OCRS (Ground Check Range Simulator) techniques to analyze the instrument's performance under rigorous environmental conditions for instrument and spacecraft level testing) and filed tests to assess the instrument capability for destined application. Test results were found to be satisfactory and observed to be well within the desired specifications. This paper also sheds light on the on-orbit status of LLRI and lunar topographic profile generated from LLRI range data for Clavius crater. Over a 2-year period, LLRI will gather more than billion measurements of the moon's surface elevation thus providing detailed lunar atlas.

19 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

009669   Kadu R S;Deshpande V S;Gupta S M;Morey K J; Morey S J (Industrial Engineering Dep, Shri Ramdeobaba Kamla Nehru Engineering College, Katol Road, Nagpur-13) : Reduction of setup time using design standardization and comcept of smed methodology-a case study. J Soil Crop 2009, 19(1), 105-13.

Today new tractors represent a major challenge in terms of servicing and maintenance. Many vehicles are now supplied to meet the captive requirement. Paper deals with the eliminating the loss in the present setup of the machining of transcases and crankcases both product. New setup executes performance in the situation when supply was falling short of demand. Innovative solution improves productivity, quality, cost reduction and safety. Reduction in setup change time has helped in reducing the losses due to time loss in setup change from transcases and vice versa. This has helped in enhancing the crankcase machining by 102 numbers month^-1 with 3 setup changes months^-1. This support the organization in achieving the market need of tractors.

2 illus, 6 table, 6 ref

009668   Jayavelu G;Balasubramaniam G (NO, Rajashree Cement Limestone Mine, Adityanagar, Malkhed Road-585 292) : Energy conservation in mines-a case study of Rajashree limestone mine. J Mines Metals Fuels 2009, 57(3-4), 116-8.

Increase in demand for electrical and fuel energy (HSD and lubricants) has been major cost for any mining operation. In present condition, the country is not in a position to meet in-full, electrical energy demand for all consumers due to gap in production and demand. The picture is no better in case of fuel energy like HSD and lubricants, since we are dependent on imports for our petroleum products. The only way to solve this problem is to save and conserve as much as we can in our operation. This paper highlights some of the efforts undertaken at the Rajashre limestone mine in last few years.

5 illus, 3 tables, 2 ref

009667   Jangra K;Jain A;Grover S (Mechanical Engineering Dep, YMCA, Science and Technology Univ, Faridabad-121 006, Email: kml.giu_610@hotmail.com) : Optimization of multiple-machining characteristics in wire electrical discharge machining of punching die using grey relational analysis. J scient ind Res 2010, 69(8), 606-12.

This study presents optimization of performance characteristics in wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) using Taguchi method and Grey relational analysis. Performance characteristics (cutting speed, surface roughness and dimensional lag) were investigated during rough cutting operation. Process parameters (peak current, pulse-on, pulse-off, wire speed and wire tension) were investigated using mixed L₁₈ orthogonal array.

3 illus, 7 table, 22 ref