000591   Bhardhwaj J R;Padhi R (Aerospace Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai-600 036, Email: padhi@aero.iisc.ernet.in) : Effective drug dosage design for treatment of infectious diseases using dynamic inversion. J Indian Inst Sci 2006, 86(4), 377-88.

A generic nonlinear mathematical model describing the human immunological dynamics is used to design an effective automatic drug administration scheme. Even though the model describes the effects of various drugs on the dynamic system, this work is confined to the drugs that kill the invading pathogen and heal the affected .organ. From a system theoretic point of view, the drug inputs can be interpreted as control inputs, which can be designed based on control theoretic concepts. The controller is designed based on the principle of dynamic inversion and is found to be effective in curing the 'nominal model patient' by killing the invading microbes and healing the damaged organ. A major advantage of this technique is that it leads to a closed-form state feedback form of control. It is also proved from a rigorous mathematical analysis that the internal dynamics of the system remains stable when the proposed controller is applied. A robustness study is also carried out for testing the effectiveness of the drug administration scheme for parameter uncertainties. It is observed from simulation studies that the technique has adequate robustness for many 'realistic model patients' having off-nominal parameter values as well.

4 illus, 17 ref

000590   Basu R;Patnaik A (NO, , Paradeep Phosphates Limited, Orissa) : Optimisation of phosphoric acid plant operation by in-house modifications. Process Pl Engng 2006, 24(3), 20-4.

Paradeep Phosphates Limited (PPL) has registered a remarkable improvement in its performance in last five years. Capacity utilization has gone up and plant operating efficiencies have improved, though there was no big ticket capital investment. In fact, the salient features of PPL's turnaround are in-house innovation, experimentation, minor modifications and further experimentation. The Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle repeats again and again. This article captures developments in PPL Phosphoric Acid Plant during this time - its legacy and its journey to excellence.

3 illus, 5 tables, ref

000589   Bapu R H Suresh;Natarajan P;Paul L;Nayak N U (NO, Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi-630 006) : Devlopment of a multi-chennel corrosion surveyor for non destructive testing of RCC structures. J Instrum Soc India 2007, 37(1), 7-12.

Deals with the design and development of a PIC micro-controller based Muhi-channel corrosion surveyor for RCC structures. Electrical potential between the reinforcing steel and a reference electrode is named as half-cell. Based on the half-cell potential values, one can identify the area that is affected by corrosion. The developed system measures the half-cell potential at 4 locations and temperature at a single point simultaneously. This system has been developed according to the ASTM C876-80 standard, the basis of which is that the corrosion potential of the rebar will shift in the negative direction if the surface changes from the passive to the active state.

3 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

000588   Balakrishnan R;Sridharan N;Viswanathan Iyer K (NO, Srinivasa Ramanujan Centre, Kumbakonam-612 001, Email: mathbala@satyam.net.in) : The wiener index of odd graphs. J Indian Inst Sci 2006, 86(5), 527-31.

The Wiener index of a graph G is defined to be 1/2 Σa_u,veV(G) d(u, v), where d(u, v) is the distance between the vertices u and v in G. Obtains an explicit expression for the Wiener index of an odd graph.

9 ref

000587   Aparna K M (NO, National Institute of Technology, Calicut) : Earthing of transmission line to limit lightning induced stresses in tower members. Wat Energy int 2006, 63(1), 46-8.

6 illus, ref

000586   Ajay Kumar;Marwaha S;Marwaha A (Electronics and Communication Engineering Dep, Beant College of Engineering and Technology, Gurdaspur, Punjab-143 521, Email: ajaykm_20@yahoo.co.in) : Comparison of methods of minimization of cogging torque in wind generators using FE analysis. J Indian Inst Sci 2006, 86(4), 355-62.

Most small wind turbines use permanent magnet (PM) generators. Small wind turbines are usually self-starting and require very simple controls. The cogging torque, which is generated by the interaction between the magnetized pole of PMs and the salient poles of the armature core, affects the self-start ability and results in undesirable mechanical vibrations and noises. Thus, minimization of cogging torque, which is of utmost importance in improving the operation of small wind turbines is investigated in the present work, In this paper, three design options are investigated to minimize cogging torque: uniformity of air gap, pole width, and skewing. Although the design improvement is intended for small wind turbines it is also applicable to larger wind turbines. A software package based on 2D finite-element analysis is used for the analysis of cogging torque.

6 illus, 10 ref

000585   Adewumi B A;Odunbaku A A A;Bayode (Grain Science and Technology Dep, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore-570 020, Email: babatunde_adewumi@yahoo.com) : Design and construction of solar incubator for rural farmers in Nigeria. J rur Technol 2006, 3(1), 5-11.

Rural farmers in Nigeria mostly utilize the natural means only to multiply poultry whereas population and animal protein requirements are growing at a very fast rate in the nation. It is essential to mechanize and increase the level of rural poultry production via the use of mechanical devices. The large scale poultry industries in Nigeria utilize hatcheries but the profit margin is relatively low because of relatively high cost of acquiring imported hatcheries and heavy investment to secure regular supply of electricity. Solar energy is proposed as an alternative cheaper source of energy. There is also a short fall in the engineering aspects of animal research in Nigeria. This has prompted the Department of Agricultural Engineering of the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria to focus on the development of machines for animal production and processing, particularly for rural farmers. One of such machines aimed at meeting the needs of rural farmers is the incubator. Already, the department has developed efficient kerosene fueled and charcoal fueled incubators. Solar incubators however have relative advantages over other incubators, particularly in tropical environment like Nigeria where solar radiation and intensity are relatively high. Efforts are now geared at developing solar incubator for the Nigerian farmers at the department. Presents the development of a laboratory scale solar incubator.

7 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

000584   Abdalla K M;Chen W F (Civil Engineering Dep, Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Jordan- 221 10) : Base plate design in steel structures: a new approach. J Struct Engng 2007, 33(5), 375-82.

Base plates are simple and economic devices used to transfer column loads to the supporting member or foundation. These loads include axial due to gravity, moments, shear, and sometimes axial due to uplift. They allow the column to stand as a temporary vertical cantilever after the lifting line is released without having to guy off the column. Presents a new approach for the analysis of base plate connection. The approach is based on a theoretical analysis of unilateral contact problems. A trial and error method combined with special rules which guarantee its convergence is used for the numerical solution for this kind of problems. The effectiveness of the method proposed herein is demonstrated by means of a numerical solution which is suitable for practical applications.

12 illus, 2 tables, 35 ref

001668   Virk H S;Baloria V;Sharma P (NO, DAV Institute of Engineering & Technology, Kabir Nagar, Jalandhar-144 008) : Overview of nanotechnology research at DAV institute of engineering & technology, Jalandhar. Indian Sci Cruiser 2009, 23(4), 29-34.

The DA VIET Research Centre was established in January 2008 to promote research in interdisciplinary area of Nanotechnology. Universal Scanning Probe Microscope (Model NT-MDT Solver PRO M4) was imported from Russia and installed in August 2008. Hind High vac Thin Film coating unit was installed in October 2008. Thus DAV1KT became the first engineering institute in North India to establish a well furnished nanotcchnology laboratory. Our thurst area of research is fabrication of Quantum Dost and Nano wires for use in iianoelectronics and Opto-electronics. Template synthesis of Quantum Dots and Nanowires has been achieved by using Anodic Alumina membranes and Polymer membranes of pore diameter varying from 20-200 nm. The electrochemical cell fabricated in our laboratory has been used to grow copper nanowires of 200 nm using an electrolyte with a composition of 20gm/10() ml CuSO₁.5H₂ + 25% of dilute H₂SO₄ at room temperature. Using Reverse Micelle technique, nanorods of Barium carbonate and barium ox-alate were synthesized along with nanocrystals of Iron oxalate. Cadmium sulphide nanocrystals and needles have been grown using micro-emulsion technique using different co-surfactants. Characterization of grown using micro-emulsion technique using different co-surfactants. Characterization of grown nanostructures has been done by using SEM, TEM and XRD.

7 illus, 1 tables, 10 ref

001667   Venkateswara Rao M;Mohana Rao K;Ramachandran Raju V;Balakrishna Murthy V;Sridhara Raju V V (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Bapatla Envineerign College, Bapatla, A.P.) : Three-dimensional finite element analysis of adhesively bonded single lap joints in laminated FRP composites subjected to thermal loading with C-C end Conditions. Int J Mech Solids 2009, 4(1), 105-15.

Deals with the thermo-elastic analysis of adhesively bonded single lap joint in laminated FRP composites using three-dimensional theory of elasticity based finite element method. The finite element model is validated with the available results in the literature for the longitudinal loading of a single lap joint (SLJ) made of specially orthotropic laminates and is extended for the analysis of a single lap joint made of generally orthotropic laminates subjected to non-linear temperature loads. The out-of-plane normal and shear stresses are computed at the interfaces of the adherends and adhesive, and at mid surface of the adhesive. The results of the present analysis reveals that the three-dimensional stress analysis is required for the analysis of single lap joint in laminated FRP composites.

10 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

001666   Subramanyam D;Ravindranath K;Rao K M (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Sri Venkateswara Univ, College of Engineering, Tirupati-517 502, Email: prasannadsm@yahoo.co.in) : Experimental analysis of natural convection in vertical cylinder embedded with porous media with 2<. J Energy Heat Mass Transfer 2009, 31(3), 185-99.

An experimental study of natural convection heat transfer in vertical annular cylinders embedded with porous medium at constant wall temperature has been undertaken. Two stainless steel test sections of different aspect ratios were employed. Experiments are designed adopting 2^{3 factorial design. The factors considered in the study are Temperature, Aspect ratio, Radius ratio and power supply. All the main factors were found to have significant effect on Nusselt number while all the interaction factors except Temperature and power supply have been found to have insignificant effect on it. The modified Rayleigh Number is found to be influenced by temperature, Aspect ratio, and Radius ratio only. All the four factors and their interactions were found to affect the heat transfer coefficient significantly. Only temperature has significant effect on viscous dissipation. Nusselt number is found to increase with increasing Radius ratio and Rayleigh number but decrease with increasing aspect ratio. Regression models were developed to predict Nusselt number, modified Rayleigh number, heat transfer coefficient and viscous dissipation.}

3 illus, 4 tables, 23 ref

001665   Subbulakshmi S;Subbian P;Saravanan N (NO, Agrl. Engg. Col. & Res. Inst., Tamil Nadu Agrl. Univ, Coimbatore, Email: sumiagri@rediff.com) : Soil quality parameters influenced by tillage and weed management practices maize-sunflower cropping systems. Int J Trop Agric 2008, 26(3-4), 355-61.

Field experiment was conducted during kharif and rabi seasons of 2005-2006 to study the effect of different tillage and weed management practices on physical and chemical of soil under maize-sunflower cropping system. Tlie result revealed that continuous conventional tillage (T₄) and conventional tillage (T₃ for maize and T₂ for sunflower) resulted in lower bulk density and higher total porosity and infiltration rate. Wliereas continuous zero tillage (T₁) resulted in higher bulk density and lower total porosity and infiltration rate. Chemical analysis of post harvest soil samples showed higher amount of available N, P and K recorded with conventional tillage (T₄ and T₃for maize and T₄ and T₂for sunflower).

4 tables, 17 ref

001664   Singha A K;Sarkar A;De P K (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Institute of Jute Technology, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700 019, Email: amiya singha@rediffmail.com) : Wall effect on heat transfer and fluid flow for incompressible viscous flows past a circular cylinder. J Energy Heat Mass Transfer 2009, 31(3), 169-84.

Heat transfer and fluid flow for incompressible, viscous fluid past a circular cylinder located near a plane wall is numerically investigated by implicit finite difference method, based on vorticity-stream function formulation for Reynolds numbers in the range 20-150 and gap ratios (ratio of distance of the cylinder from the wall to the diameter of the cylinder) in the range between 0.2 and2.0. The vortex shedding and its subsequent effect on heat transfer for both the unbounded cylinder as well as for cylinder with the vicinity of the plane wall are also investigated. The change of unsteady vortex shedding regime from two rows of vortices of opposite-sign to a single row of vortices of the same-sign as the cylinder approaches the plane wall are observed and are well supported through the patterns of time-evolution of the average Nusselt number. Finally, the average Nusselt number from an unbounded cylinder is computed and compared with results arising out of the interaction of the cylinder to that of the wall.

10 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref

001663   Singh A K;Sharma A D;Arora S;Kaur M;Singh R (Processing and Food Engineering Dep, PAU, Ludhiana-141 004) : Overview on hammer milling of food grains. Int J Trop Agric 2008, 26(3-4), 521-4.

Ideal size reduction equipment is the one that would have a large capacity, require small specific power consumption, and yield a product of the desired particle size. Different types of size reducing equipments currently in use have high specific energy consumption. The available theories for energy estimating are empirical in nature and need improvement so that a predictive model can be developed for various equipments presently in use.

1 table, 15 ref

001662   Sakthivel M;Alwarsamy T;Shanmugasundaram S (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Adithya Institute of Technology, Kurumbopalayam Post, Coimbatore-641 107, Email: sakthi 00000@sify.com) : Convective and evaporative coefficient of a regenerative solar still uses granite gravel as energy storage medium. J Energy Heat Mass Transfer 2009, 31(4), 299-324.

In this presentation a detailed study has been conducted to find the effect of energy storage medium (black granite gravel) on the heat transfer coefficients which are the important parameters influence the rate of productivity in a solar still. In a conventional solar still, rate of evaporation is the function of saline water temperature and temperature difference between the saline water and glass cover. Regenerative solar still is the modified version of the conventional solar still using black granite gravel as an energy storage medium to enhance the rate of evaporation. In this study, a thermal model has been developed to determine the convective heat transfer coefficient for different operating temperatures in the range of 35°C- 75 °C. Based on the experimental data obtained from the rigorous outdoor experiments on both conventional and regenerative solar still, a modified expression has been developed to evaluate the constants C and n of convection correlations to simulate the convection and evaporation coefficients by simple linear regression analysis. It was found that Dunkle model which has been widely used for the prediction of the convective and evaporative coefficients, under predicts the evaporation rates. In this work Dunkle model is modified and new values for C and n are being calculated to provide better prediction for the evaporation rate. Heat transfer coefficients for both conventional and regenerative still were compared. The percentage deviations between the experimental and theoretical results are found within an accuracy of 18% for proposed model and it is observed that for Dunkle's model, the deviation was 28% to32%.

18 illus, 4 tables, 16 ref

001661   Rao M V;Rao K M;Raju V R C;Murthy V B K;Raju V V S (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Bapatla Engineering College, Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh, Email: mvr2007rao@rediffmail.com) : Analysis of adhesive bonded single lap joints in hybrid composites subjected to transverse load with LC-US end conditions. Int J theor appl mech 2009, 4(1), 39-48.

The investigation deals with the static analysis of adhesive bonded single lap joint in Hybrid composite using three-dimensional theory of elasticity based finite element method. The finite element model is validated with the available results in the literature for the longitudinal loading of a single lap joint (SLJ) made of specially orthotropic laminates and is extended for the analysis of Hybrid (FRP-Steel) single lap joint subjected to transverse loads. The out-of-plane normal and shear stresses are computed at the interfaces of the adherends and adhesive, and at mid surface of the adhesive. The results of the present analysis reveals that the three-dimensional stress analysis is required for the analysis of adhesive bonded single lap joint in Hybrid (FRP-Steel) composites.

10 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

001660   Rao M V;Mohana Rao Raju V R C;Rao G N;Murthy V B K;Sridhara Raju V V (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Bapatla Engineering College, Bapatla, Email: mvr2007rao@rediffmail.com) : Three-dimensional finite element analysis of adhesively bonded single lap joints in laminated FRP composited subjected to thermal loading with LC-US end conditions. Int J theor appl mech 2009, 4(1), 17-26.

The investigation deals with the thermo-elastic analysis of adhesively bonded single lap joint in laminated FRP composites using three-dimensional theory of elasticity based finite element method. The finite element model is validated with the available results in the literature for the longitudinal loading of a single lap joint (SLJ) made of specially orthotropic laminates and is extended for the analysis of a single lap joint made of generally orthotropic laminates subjected to non-linear temperature loads. The out-of-plane normal and shear stresses are computed at the interfaces of the adherends and adhesive, and at mid surface of the adhesive. The results of the present analysis reveals that the three-dimensional stress analysis is required for the analysis of single lap joint in laminated FRP composites.

10 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

001659   Rao G N;Rao M V;Rao K M;Raju V R;Murthy V B K;Raju V V S (Mech. Engg. Dep, Bapatla Engineering College, Bapatala, A.P., Email: mvr2007rao@rediffmail.com) : Analysis of adhesive bonded single lap joints in hybrid composites subjected to transverse load with S-S end conditions. Int J Mech Solids 2009, 4(1), 85-94.

The investigation deals with the static analysis of adhesive bonded single lap joint in Hybrid composite using three-dimensional theory of elasticity based finite element method. The finite element model is validated with the available results in the literature for the longitudinal loading of a single lap joint (SLJ) made of specially orthotropic laminates and is extended for the analysis of Hybrid (FRP-Steel) single lap joint subjected to transverse loads. The out-of-plane normal and shear stresses are computed at the interfaces of the adherends and adhesive, and at mid surface of the adhesive. The results of the present analysis reveals that the three-dimensional stress analysis is required for the analysis of adhesive bonded single lap joint in Hybrid (FRP-Steel) composites.

10 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

001658   Ramji K;Ramachandra Raju V;Ramana Babu S (Mechanical Egg. Dep, AU College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam) : Effect of actuation schemes on performance of industrial manipulators. Int J Mech Solids 2009, 4(1), 47-62.

Presents the effect of actuation schemes on manipulator Jacobin, kinematics isotropy, manipulability and Global condition index (GCI) of non redundant serial manipulators. An actuation scheme is the relocation of set of actuators at various joints of the manipulators in order to drive all the joints with appropriate transmission ratios using such as pulleys, gears and other mechanical linkages. These actuation schemes can be used to optimize the performance of serial manipulators in a six dimensional task space. The effect of transmission ratio on the manipulability, condition number, GCI and on the velocity ellipsoid is studied, which could be viewed as a position error amplification ratio. The transmission ratios and drive mechanisms are selected in order to obtain good kinematics characteristics. The effect of actuation schemes on manipulator performance is studied for the planar manipulators and also for the spatial manipulators, four axes SCARA and six axes STANFORD manipulators as an example. The performance optimization by changing the link lengths, link offset for each joint variable have done for these manipulators. The constraint on each joint variable is established. The choice of actuation scheme influence the size, shape and direction of the velocity ellipsoid in the manipulator task space, for that choice of actuation scheme can be used as a design variable to improve kinematics performance.

24 illus, 12 ref

001657   Ramesh Babu H S;Gowrishankar;Satyanarayana P S (NO, Information Science and Engineering, Acharya Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Email: rameshbabu@acharya.edu.in) : Perspective on access network selection in next generation heterogeneous wireless networks. J Analysis Computn 2009, 5(1), 85-90.

The next generation wireless networks (NGWN) are expected to have different Radio access technologies coexisting in the system. The current Radio resource management considers only case of single radio access technology (RAT) where mobile users only can access only that RAT and the other co-existing RATs will work independently. The selection of the optimal and promising network is the greatest challenge for the current Radio resource schemes. The Common radio resource management (CRRM) addresses some of the specific issues of radio resource management within the single RAT and between the coexisting RA T. Access Network selection (ANS), joint scheduling, joint call admission control and vertical handover are the RRM mechanisms implemented in CRRM. The access network selection is one of the key RRM mechanism in CRRM. This work focus on the RRM Mechanisms of CRRM and specifically on access network selection (ANS). The different ANS algorithms are discussed and compared. The Future research works on CRRM is also discussed.

8 ref

001656   Ram Avtar;Srivastava R (Mathematics Dep, Harcourt Butler Technology Institute, Kanpur-208 002) : Mathematical model of aqueous humor flow in posterior chamber of the eye. Int J theor appl mech 2009, 4(3), 305-19.

A simple mathematical model for the flow of aqueous humor in posterior chamber of the eye has been presented. The model treats the posterior chamber bounded by elastic iris interiorly and lens- zonular-vitreous surface posteriorly as a channel between two plates at variable distance filled with moving aqueous humor. Two different shape of iris-lens channel in the model: (i) when the fluid pressure in posterior chamber is higher than that in the anterior chamber, the iris is pushed anteriorly by aqueous humor and assumes convex shape: (ii) when the fluid pressure in anterior chamber is higher than that in the posterior chamber, the iris is displaced posteriorly towards lens and assumes concave shape. Analytical solutions to the model have been obtained. The computational results of the model have been presented through the graphs and effects of model parameters on the flow variables have depicted and discussed.

12 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

001655   Prasad M L V;Rathish Kumar P;Oshima T (Civil Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology, Warangal) : Development of analytical strees-strain model for glass fiber reinforced self compacting concrete. Int J Mech Solids 2009, 4(1), 9-21.

The development of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) marks an important milestone in improving the product quality and efficiency of the building industry. SCC improves the efficiency at the construction sites, enhances the working conditions and the quality and appearance of concrete. Use of glass fibers in SCC bridge the cracks and enhance the performance of concrete by not only avoiding the propagation of cracks but also contribute to an increased energy absorption compared with plain concrete. Glass Fiber Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete (GFRSCC) combines the benefits of SCC in the fresh state and shows an improved performance in the hardened state compared with conventional vibrated concrete. In the present work, the stress-strain curve for GFRSCC has been suggested and an analytical stress-strain model was developed based on the experimental results.

10 illus, 4 tables, 14 ref

001654   Prakash K S;Nazirudeen S S M;Malvinaraj M J (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Anna Univ, Coimbatore, Email: sooryaprakash.k@gmail.com) : Integration of material design and product design-a FEA based approach. Int J theor appl mech 2009, 4(3), 247-64.

Finite element analysis is performed for ASTM A 487 metal casting material over solid model viz. ball valve and gate valve. The study explores whether the valve dimensions, be able to withstand the maximum pressure exerted under different fluid circumstances. The end results on pressure attained by the CFD analysis over major regions of the casting valve body is subjected to FEA module and thereby the stress concentration, strain distribution, total deformation and fatigue life is studied, in lieu of input parameters such as Pressure, Density, Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus of the casting material stipulated with flow concerns. Numerical investigation was performed for various valve thicknesses irrespective of the valve openings. Henceforth determination of stress concentrations, strain distributions and fatigue life of valve components, supposed to be the major manipulator at concept level design parameter determinations, in turn helps in conclusion of the chemical composition of the particular castings to be employed for generous applications. The case presented here also includes material selection which is well defined by the physical modelling, boundary conditions and mesh resolution. The analysis results help in optimization of performance characteristics of valves without the expense of physical testing. Furthermore the dimensions and material composition of metal castings for a particular application can be customized with respect to one another by incorporating ANSYS results with artificial intelligence methodologies.

28 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

001653   Patil Y D;Patil H S;Raju M N K A (Applied Mechanics Dep, S.V. National Institute of Technology, Surat, Email: chipatil@yahoo.com) : Different nodal provisions of reinforced concrete beam column joints subjected to seismic loads. Int J theor appl mech 2009, 4(3), 235-46.

The behaviour of reinforced concrete moment resisting frame structures in recent earthquakes all over the world has highlighted the consequences of poor performance of beam column joints. Large amount of research carried out to understand the complex mechanisms and safe behaviour of beam column joints has gone into code recommendations. This paper presents critical review of recommendations of well established codes regarding design and detailing aspects of beam column joints. The codes of practice considered are IS 13920 (draft), ACI 318M-02 and the Eurocode 8 of EN 1998-1:2003 All three codes aim to satisfy the bond and shear requirements within the joint. It is observed that ACI 318M-02 requires smaller column depth as compared to the other two codes based on the anchorage conditions. Significant factors influencing the design of beam-column joints are identified and the effect of their variations on design parameters is compared.

12 illus, 8 tables, 7 ref

001652   Pankaj;Sharma G (Applied Science Dep, MIT College of Engineering and Management, Bani, Hamirpur, H.P., Email: pankaj_thakur15@yahoo.co.in) : Creep transition stresses in thick walled rotating cylinder by finitesimal deformation under steady state temperature. Int J Mech Solids 2009, 4(1), 23-8.

The transition theory of creep developed by Seth (1962) has been used to derive the creep stresses in thick walled rotating cylinder under steady state temperature. It has been shown that for plane strain case that is e_zz = 0, and incompressible material, we got the same expression as obtained by Dev. D. (1965), provided authors put n = 1/N.

10 ref

001651   Njeugna E;Haulin E N;Kopp C;Eichhorn J L (NO, ENSET-Douala Univ, BP 1872 Douala-Cameroun, Email: nghaulin@yahoo.fr) : Mechano neural transduction in the semicircular canal distribution of ciliar deflections. Int J Mech Solids 2009, 4(1), 137-53.

Three models of the ampulla of the human semicircular canal and one of the frogs semicircular canal were studied using a finite elements method. The mechanical inputs which are applied to the ampullar diaphragm, that is composed of the cupula and the crista ampullaris, which separates the ampulla into two parts, are the difference of pressure between endolymph and perilymph giving its form to the membranous vestibule, and the pressure difference across the ampullar diaphragm due to the angular acceleration. The mechanical aspects of the mechanoneural transduction realised by the sensory cells at the junction cupula-crista ampullaris were studied. The firing rate of a sensory cell depends on the cilia deflection. The ciliar deflection for all sensory cells on the crista ampullaris was determined. Authors observe a spatial discrimination of the sensitivity of the cilia deflection to the mechanical inputs. Concludes that the sensory cells on the crista ampullaris are able to measure the two mechanical inputs, namely the pressure difference across the ampullar diaphragm and the inflating pressure of the ampulla.

14 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

001650   Nasi V B;Tulasidas T N;Niranjan H B (Mechanical Engineering Dep, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore-560 054, Email: vbnasi@msrit.edu) : Thermal analysis of a grain dryer incorporated with heat pipes operating on solar/biomass energy under forced convection conditions for pigeon pea at different bed thicknesses. Int J Envir Dev 2009, 6(1), 31-46.

Drying of food grains is an important operation for a longer safe storage. Pigeon pea (Toor grain), Canjanus cajan(L), is one of the world's most important food legumes and is the major source of proteins in the Indian diet. Drying of pigeon pea after harvest for a safe storage and also later during milling in the production chain of dhal is an important operation. This paper presents design and constructional features of a modified solar dryer with heat pipes operating on solar/biomass energy. Drying studies were conducted in the drying system by varying moisture content and grain bed thickness under forced convection conditions to evaluate the performance. Moisture content and moisture ratio variation on an hourly basis are reported. The moisture ratio variation with time followed the power law model in the form of Page's equation. Heat transfer coefficients were determined using forced convective heat transfer correlations. Moisture removal and overall efficiency of drying for different bed thicknesses of drying are reported.

13 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

001649   Narasinha Raju V R K;Appa Reddy T (Civil Engineering Dep, Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Warangal-505 012) : Workability and strength characteristics of cement concrete with partial replacement of river sand by manufactured fine aggregate. Int J Mech Solids 2009, 4(1), 95-104.

Artificial sand is a fine aggregate processed from quarried stone that is crushed and classified to obtain a controlled gradation and a cubical to angular particle shape. Statistics from the Bureau of Mines substantiate the growing popularity of stone sand. In 1983, 13 million tons of stone sand was produced in the U.S. By 1991, the number had grown to 45 million tons presently the requirement would have reached above 100 million tons. This artificial sand here after will be referred as Manufactured Sand of Manufactured Fine Aggregate. An experimental study has been conducted for different concrete mix proportions at different percentage replacement levels of river sand by MFA. The results indicated that replacement of river sand by MFA is beneficial from strength as well as workability viewpoint.

4 illus, 7 tables, 4 ref

001648   Nandhitha N M;Manoharan N;Sheela Rani B; Venkataraman B;Kalyanasundaram P;Baldev Raj (NO, Sathyabama Univ, Old Mamallapuram Road, Jeppiaar Nagar, Chennai-600 119, Email: nandhi_n_M@yahoo.co.in) : Comparative study on the performance and suitability of feature extraction algorithms on tungsten inclusion thermographs for on-line weld monitoring. Int J theor appl mech 2009, 4(1), 107-18.

Tungsten inclusion is the most commonly occurring weld defect in Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW). It is mainly due to high welding current and or the electrode momentarily touching the weld plates. Monitoring and controlling weld current can avoid the defect or if the defect is already intolerable the welding process can be stopped there to save time and money. It is thus necessary to develop an automated on-line welding system to make the correct decision. Weld thermographs are acquired on-line with IR camera. Effective feature extraction algorithms are to be developed to isolate and quantify the included Tungsten from thermographs. This paper compares the effectiveness and suitability of three different feature extraction algorithms namely conventional image processing, region growing and Euclidean distance based color image segmentation developed for on-line monitoring and control. Online weld monitoring necessitates a standardized feature extraction technique that works well irrespective of the size and shape of Tungsten inclusion. Hence comparison is based on the accuracy of the results, parameter independency and image independency. It is found that feature extraction by Euclidean distance based segmentation is best suited for on-line weld monitoring as it is parameter independent and can be standardized for a defect.

8 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref

001647   Mishra P;Ravi Babu R;Kumar R N (NO, School of Water Resources Engineering, Jadavpur Univ, Kolkata-700 032) : Application of SWAT model for estimation of runoff from a micro watershed in Chotanagpur plateau. Int J Trop Agric 2008, 26(3-4), 371-5.

Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)-a physically based distributed model ivas applied for estimation of runoff from an agricultural micro-water shed falling in Chotanagpur plateau region of West Bengal state. The input data required for the SWAT model was extracted from an integrated approach of field survey, remote sensingmd GIS in addition to collection of required meteorological data. The model was calibrated and validated for the monsoon season of the years 2004 and 2005, respectively. The Manning's roughness coefficient values for channel and overland flow and effective hydraulic conductivity were calibrated for the watershed. Tlie results indicated dose agreement behveen observed and simulated runoff and it is concluded that the SWAT model could be used for estimating runoff from micro-watersheds falling in Chotanagpur plateau.

5 illus, 15 ref

001646   Mehta M N;Joshi M S (Mathematics Dep, S. V. National Institute of Technology, Surat-395 007, Email: mnm@ashd.svnit.ac.in) : Solution by group invarient method of imbibition phenomenon arising in fluid flow through homogenos porous media. Int J theor appl mech 2009, 4(1), 49-58.

Primary counter-current imbibition in homogenous porous matrix is studied, where a wetting phase displaces non-wetting phase simultaneously, such that the non-wetting phase moves in the opposite direction to the wetting phase. In the present case the force mediating the displacement is only capillary pressure with wetting and non-wetting fluids flowing in opposite direction. Governing non-linear differential equation has been formulated and solved by using the group theoretic analysis method; an approximate expression for the wetting phase saturation has been obtained and also its graph has been obtained by using Matlab coding. Also saturation of injected fluid S_w increases at distance x increases for a fixed time t > 0. It is concluded that after a long time t saturation of injected fluid will be closer to its minimum value.

11 ref

001645   Medhavi A;Singh U K (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Kamla Nehru Institute of Technology, Sultanpur-228 118) : Peristaltic pumping of a two-layered particulate suspension in a circular cylindrical tube. Int J theor appl mech 2009, 4(3), 265-80.

A two-layered suspension, consisting of a core region (central layer) of a particle-fluid mixture and a peripheral region (outer layer) of particle free Newtonian fluid, flow induced by sinusoidal peristaltic waves has been investigated. The coupled differential equations for both the fluid and particle phases have been solved and expressions for the flow characteristics, namely, the flow rate, pressure drop and the friction force have been obtained. It is found that the pressure drop increases with the particle concentration in the core region and also with the flow rate but decreases indefinitely with the amplitude ratio. The magnitude of the pressure drop is found to be lower in two-layered analysis than the corresponding value in one-layered. The friction force possesses the characteristics similar to the pressure drop with respect to any given parameter. As an application to the study, an attempt to estimate the contribution of peristalsis towards the flow of blood in small vessels has been made.

7 illus, 2 tables, 43 ref

001644   Masaad M;Hajeri M Al;Ajmi R Al (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Mansoura Univ, Egypt, Email: mosaad77@hotmail.com) : Comparison of R-12 and R134a condensation in a vertical double-tube coil. J Energy Heat Mass Transfer 2009, 31(4), 285-98.

In this work, condensation heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops of R-134a and R-12 were measured in a vertical double-tube coil at the same condensation temperature of 32 °C. The two refrigerants were investigated under nearly the same test conditions to enable comparison between their flow and heat transfer characteristics. The obtained results show that at the same mass flux, the condensation heat transfer coefficient, condensation load and pressure drop of R-134a are, respectively, 30-50%, 25-29% and 25-42% higher than those of R-12.

6 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

001643   Mandal D K;Chakrabarti S (Basic Science and Humanities, College of Engineering and Management, Kolaghat P.O., K.T.P.P. Township, Midnapore(E)-721 171, Email: dipkuma@yahoo.com) : Numerical study of blood blow through a double bell shaped stenosed coronary artery. J Energy Heat Mass Transfer 2009, 31(1), 49-72.

The effects of steady blood flow through double bell-shaped restrictions in a stenosed coronary artery have been investigated numerically. This analysis is restricted for Reynolds number of 200 and percent stenosis of both restrictions have been chosen to be 50% (by diameter). The effect of dimensionless restriction spacing for similar symmetrical double bell shaped restrictions, and the effects of stricture length and restriction spacing for similar asymmetrical double bell shaped restrictions on wall pressure drop, streamlines contours and wall shear stress have been studied. From our study, it is revealed that the major part of dimensionless wall pressure drop and peak wall shear stress in the restricted tube occurs predominantly across the first restriction for both the considered symmetrical and asymmetrical shaped restrictions. The net effect of pressure drop across both restrictions is fully dependent upon two restrictions for all stricture lengths in the case of similar asymmetric double bell shaped restrictions, whereas for the similar symmetrical double bell shaped restrictions, the pressure drop across both the restrictions remains same as that of restriction - 1 up to certain value of restriction spacing of 1.0. The peak wall shear stress rise across restriction -1 is dependent upon stricture length and restriction spacing in case of asymmetric shape of restrictions, which is independent in case of symmetrical shaped restrictions. The magnitude of net pressure drop through both the restrictions has been noted to be higher in case of asymmetrical shape of restrictions. The magnitude of peak wall shear stress is noted to be less across all restrictions in the case of asymmetrical bell shaped restrictions compared to the symmetrical shaped one. For asymmetric configuration of restrictions, the magnitude of the minimum wall shear stress is higher than that of symmetrical shaped restrictions.

15 illus, 1 table, 34 ref

001642   Laad M (Physics Dep, Indian Academy Degree College, Bangalore, Email: meenaslaad@rediffmail.com) : Solution growth of potassium bromide crystal under varying growth conditions and its thermoluminescent properties. Int J Mech Solids 2009, 4(1), 63-70.

Potassium bromide (KBr) is a white crystalline powder, soluble in water, widely used as an anticonvulsant and a sedative. In this study KBr crystals are grown using solution growth technique by slow evaporation method. The growth of crystals was studied by changing growth conditions such as by changing the concentration and temperature of the solution, by varying the size of evaporation sites. The good quality tiny crystals were selected and a single large crystal of KBr was grown in the presence of a seed crystal. It was observed that when crystals were grown by varying growth conditions, crystals of different shapes and sizes were formed. The low temperature solution growth technique allows variety of different morphologies of the same substance by changing the growth conditions. The growth process was found to be affected and crystals exhibited non-uniformity in the development of plane faces due to anisotropy of supersaturation during the growth. A large single crystal of KBr was grown and its thermoluminescent properties are studied.

3 tables, 12 ref

001641   Kumar S R;Sharma K V;Ramamurthy G (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Vijay Rural Engineering College, Manik Bhandar, Nizamabad-503 003, Email: ravikumar@yahoo.com) : Numerical analysis for rate of heat transfer and optimal dimensions of a circular fin with hyperbolic profile. J Energy Heat Mass Transfer 2009, 31(4), 273-84.

Deals with a solution to the problem of circular fin with hyperbolic profile. Here a 'C' programme is complied to get the numerical values. A fin with this type of geometry resembles the optimal circular fin of convex parabolic profile, which delivers the maximum heat transfer from a given volume of material. A circular fin of hyperbolic profile is governed by the two-term differential equation of second order with one variable coefficient which can be transformed into a Bessel's equation. Unlike adopting the conventional Bessel's functions, the present paper discusses an easy alternative to solve the problem by using finite difference techniques for a preliminary solution which is further refined using a numerical programming in C. In this method as the interval size is decreased, the solution to the problem approaches towards that of exact method. A numerical test problem is discussed to check the validity of the formulation. Temperature distribution and heat transfer rates are compared with earlier exact methods and experimental results on graphs which confirm the correctness of this formulation. Another important out come from this article is, running the programme for various values of input parameters to get the optimal dimensions of the fin for maximum heat transfer rate.

6 illus, 12 ref

001640   Karuppannan C;Prabhakar R (NO, C I T S. P. College, Coimbatore-641 014, Email: citspc1961@rediffmail.com) : Review on soderberg cell technology performance and its possibilities. Int J Mech Solids 2009, 4(1), 29-38.

Soderberg cell technology has in general had inferior operating performance compared to modern prebake cells. Technology development during the past 40 years. The technology is also facing new and challenging environmental requirements. However, existing S0derberg cells may yield substantially better and more satisfactory results It is therefore the S0derberg plants still count for a substantial part of the global annual production capacity of primary aluminium. The paper gives a short history of the S0derberg cell development and the present distribution of S0derberg lines around the world. S0derberg cell advantages and paradigms will also be discussed. In Western Europe revised levels for emission will come into effect in 2007 and probably in 2010. The capability of the S0derberg plants to meet these new requirements and secure an acceptable working environment and thereby sustain future operation. The Soderberg technology has cost advantages since there is no need for a ring furnace or rodding facility. Development work is going on at several locations and through gaining thorough process knowledge the technology will improve further in the coming years and reduce the energy consumption.

8 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

001639   Kandasamy R;Saravanan R;Sivagnana Prabhu K K (Science Studies Centre, Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Univ, Parit Raja, Batu Pahot Johar Malaysia-864 00, Email: kandan_kkk@yahoo.co.in) : Influence of variable viscosity and thermal stratification on non-darcy MHD mixed convective heat and mass transfer past a porous wedge in the presence of chemical reaction. J Energy Heat Mass Transfer 2009, 31(2), 125-43.

An analysis is presented to investigate the effects of variable viscosity and thermal stratification on non-Darcy MHD mixed convective heat and mass transfer of a viscous, incompressible and electrically conducting fluid past a porous wedge in the presence of chemical reaction. The wall of the wedge is embedded in a uniform non-Darcian porous medium in order to allow for possible fluid wall suction or injection. The governing boundary layer equations are written into a dimension/ess form by similarity transformations. The transformed coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved numerically by using the R.K.Gill and shooting methods. Numerical calculations up to third order level of truncation are carried out for different values of dimensionless parameters. The results are presented graphically and the conclusion is drawn that the flow field and other quantities of physical interest are significantly influenced by these parameters. The results are compared with those known from the literature and excellent agreement between the results is obtained.

8 illus, 1 table, 44 ref

001638   Kaleemuddin S;Asangihal B B;Rao G A P (NO, Greaves Cotton Limited, Portable Engines Group-Light Engines Unit, J-2, MIDC Induatrial Area Chikalthana, Arungabad-431 210, Email: klm@greavesmail.com) : Experimental evaluation of engine with LPG and CNG fuels meeting new emission norms. J Energy Heat Mass Transfer 2009, 31(4), 325-36.

In the present work an air cooled diesel engine is modified suitably into a spark ignition engine incorporating electronic ignition and variable speed dependant spark timing to accommodate both LPG and CNG as fuels. Engine is optimized for stoichiometric operation on engine dynamometer. Materials of a few intricate engine components are replaced to suit LPG and CNG application. Compensation is done for recovering volumetric efficiency when operated with CNG. Ignition timing and compression ratio are observed to be the pertinent parameter in achieving good performance with gaseous fuels under consideration. Performance and emission tests are carried out on engine dynamometer and chassis dynamometer. Under full throttle and at rated speed condition, it is observed that the peak pressures of gaseous fuels are lower compared to conventional liquid fuels due to sluggish nature of combustion. Chassis dynamometer based emission tests yielded better than BS-III emission norms. For the same compression ratio, about 60% lower HC + NOx emissions are observed with CNG fuel operation compared to LPG fuel operation.

11 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref

001637   Joshi D P;Mahiyar H K (Civil Dep, S.G.S.I.T.S., Indore-452 003, Email: erdayanand@yahoo.co.in) : Effectiveness of angle shaped footings resting on soil under eccentric inclined load. Int J theor appl mech 2009, 4(1), 95-101.

Presents a new type of foundation very much useful under the eccentric inclined loading conditions. The Angle Shaped Footing was introduced in 2000 and in this paper effectiveness by varying the angle as well as length of footing projection under the eccentric inclined load has been observed. Due to the inclination of footing projection the each pressure is increased which gives a little more resistance to the tilting, hi the normal conventional footing due to eccentric loading the footing tilts and produces tension when the eccentricity exceeds 1/6 the footing width. After conducting a series of experiments and by verifying the experimental results by Ansys package which based on Finite Element Technique. It has been observed that the angle shaped footing becomes more effective when the angle of projection with vertical is in the range of 15° to 30°. The horizontal displacements in the footing due to inclined eccentric loading is also reduces to large extent and have been found to be maximum up to 1 to 2% of width of foundation.

5 illus, 3 tables, 6 ref

001636   Gowreesh S;Sreenivasalu Reddy N;Yogananda Murthy N V (NO, , Plot No. 2 IT Park, Nanakramgud, Manikonda, Hyderabad, Email: gowrish.subbu@gmail.com) : Convective heat transfer analysis of a aero gas turbine blade using ANSYS. Int J Mech Solids 2009, 4(1), 39-46.

In the work the first stage rotor blade of a two stage gas turbine has been analyzed for structural, thermal, modal analysis using ANSYS 9.0 which is a powerful Finite Element Method [l-3] Software. The temperature distribution in the rotor blade has been evaluated using this software. The design features of the turbine segment of the gas turbine have been taken from the preliminary design of a power turbine for maximization of an existing turbojet engine [8]. It was observed that in the above design, the rotor blades after being designed were analyzed only for the mechanical stresses but no evaluation of thermal stress was carried out. As the temperature has a significant effect on the overall stress on the rotor blades, it has been felt that a detail study can be carried out on the temperature effects to have a clear understanding of the combined mechanical and thermal stresses.

4 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

001635   Essa M H;Alzahrani M A (Civil Engineering Dep, KFUPM, Box 781, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia-312 61, Email: mhessa@kfupm.edu.sa) : Date pits as potential raw material for the production of activated carbons. Int J appl envir Sci 2009, 4(1), 47-58.

The yearly production of dates in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is more than 800,000 tonnes of which a significant proportion is de-stoned prior to sale. In this work, date pits from KSA were used for the preparation of activated carbon with the aim of producing high porous carbons, which would result in a substantial decrease in activated carbon import related costs. The preparation conditions were varied to study their effects on the surface area and porosity. Variables studied included time of carbonization, time of activation, activating agent, impregnation ratio, sample pre-drying, and the effect of the activation process itself. Nitrogen adsorption was used for the determination of apparent surface area and pore size distribution. Results showed that active carbon is of high surface area and micropore volume is over 80% of the total pore volume. The characteristics of the produced activated carbon with the yield of 24% were bulk density of 0.59 g/cm^{3, 0.5% ash, iodine number of 1100 mg/g and 1319 m2/g of BET surface area.}

7 illus, 5 tables, 20 ref

001634   Das K;Jana S (Mathematics Dep, Kalyani Government Engineering College, West Bengal, Email: kd_kgec@rediffmail.com ) : MHD boundary layer flow and heat transfer of viscoelastic fluid past a stretching plate through a porous medium. Int J theor appl mech 2009, 4(1), 59-72.

The unsteady magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer flow and heat transfer past a stretching plate through a porous medium in a viscoelastic incompressible and electrically conducting fluid have been studied. The problem have been solved by using the successive approximation method. We have considered the effects of surface mass transfer, heat transfer from a non-isothermal stretching sheet with thermal relaxation, Alfven velocity and the coefficient of elastic velocity of fluid on the flow in our analysis through graphs.

10 illus, 20 ref

001633   Corbi O (Structural Engineering Dep, Neples Univ, Federico II, Email: attavia.corbi@unina.it) : Smart control strategies for non linear structures. Int J Mech Solids 2009, 4(1), 1-8.

In the paper two strategies specifically aimed at mitigating the dynamic response of structures exhibiting a non-linear behavior during the dynamic motion are illustrated. Numerical investigation is reported showing the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.

3 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

001632   Chattopadhyay A;Gupta S;Singh A K (Applied Mathematics Dep, Indian School of Mines Univ, Dhanbad-826 004, Email: amares.c@gmail.com) : Influence of gravity on the propagation of SH waves in a magnetoelastic self-reinforced media. Int J Mech Solids 2009, 4(1), 71-83.

Study the propagation of SH waves in a magnetoelastic self-reinforced layer lying over an initially stressed elastic half-space due to gravity. The study demonstrates SH waves can propagate in the layer. In the dispersion equation the effects of initial stress, gravity and magnetoelastic parameters are distinctly marked. It is also observed that, the dispersion equation reduces to the Love wave equation in the absence of gravity, self-reinforcement and magnetic field. The dispersion curve for different value of gravitation parameter and magnetoelastic coupling parameter are presented by means of graphs.

7 illus, 13 ref

001631   Arockia Selvakumar A;Anant K A;Lakshmi Narayanan T;Dhandapani;Sivaramakrishnan R (NO, Venkateswara College of Engineering, Pennalur, Sriperumbudur, Tamil Nadu-602 105, Email: aselvakumar@svce.ac.in) : Simulation and kinematic analysis of tri-glide parallel manipulator. Int J Mech Solids 2009, 4(1), 127-35.

In recent days 3-DOF parallel manipulator plays a vital role in machine tool applications. In this paper 3 - UPS parallel manipulator is designed and fabricated by considering the payload and working conditions of angular milling machine. The concept involved in this paper is based on the transformation of motion between screw pair and the spherical pair through the links. Spherical joint is used to connect one end of the link and the moving platform, the other end is connected to half nut by Universal joint, which is actuated by stepper motor through screw pair. A set of kinematic equations was formulated for finding the displacement of the half nut for the desired angle of tilt of the parallel manipulator. An experimental study is conducted in order to compare the results obtained by the kinematic equations.

6 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

001630   Anwarullah M;Rao V V;Sharma K V (Mechanical Engineering Dep, M.J. College of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad-500 034) : Experimental investigation on heat transfer characteristics in an electronic component cooled by an impinging air jet. J Energy Heat Mass Transfer 2009, 31(4), 261-71.

An experimental investigation to determine the influence of component spacing 'H' to nozzle diameter'd' on convective heat transfer coefficient of an air jet impinging on cylindrical electrical resistors simulating an array of electronic components on a PCB has been conducted. Measurement of surface temperatures of the resistors/chips is made in the range of 7900 < Re_d < 28000 and 4 < H/d < 13 and heat transfer coefficients evaluated. An optimum value of H/d = 7.0 for Re < 16000 is observed when the resistors are subjected to a maximum temperature of 90 °C in the range of experimentation.

10 illus, 15 ref

001629   Ahmed N;Sarmah H K;Ahmed S (Mathematics Dep, Gauhati Univ, Guwahati-781 014, Email: nazib-ahmed@rediffmail.com) : Magnetic field effect on a transient free and forced convective flow through a porous medium bounded by an impulsively fixed infinite vertical plate. Int J theor appl mech 2009, 4(1), 73-87.

An exact solution to the problem of an unsteady free and forced convective MHD flow of an incompressible viscous electrically conducting fluid through a porous medium bounded by an infinite vertical hot plate impulsively held fixed in a uniform stream is presented. A uniform magnetic field is assumed to be applied transversely to the direction of the flow, taking into account the induced magnetic field. The governing equations are solved by Laplace Transform technique. The expressions for the velocity field, induced magnetic field and skin friction at the plate are obtained and demonstrated graphically for the various values of the parameters involved in the problem. The expressions for the co-efficient of rate heat transfer and current density are also derived in non dimensional form. The effects of the Hartmann number, the Prandtl number, the magnetic Prandtl number, the porosity parameter and the other parameters involved on the velocity field, induced magnetic field and skin friction at the plate are discussed. It is observed that the velocity field, skin friction, induced magnetic field and current density are significantly affected by the applied magnetic field.

12 illus, 17 ref

001628   Ahmad N;Kumari S (Mathematics Dep, P.K.R.M. College, Dhanbad, Jharkhand) : Effect of hall current on steady MHD Couette flow in a rotating system. Int J theor appl mech 2009, 4(1), 1-16.

The aim of the present paper is to study the effects of Hall current on steady hydro magnetic Couette flow within a parallel plate channel in a rotating system in the presence of a uniform magnetic field which is applied perpendicular to the plane of the plate. Exact solutions of the governing equations are obtained in closed form. Solutions in dimensionless form contains three parameters viz. M (the square of Hartmann number known as magnetic interaction parameter), K^{2 (the rotation parameter which is reciprocal of Ekman number) and m (the Hall current parameter). Asymptotic behavior of the solution is analyzed for small and large values of K2 and M2 to gain some physical insight in the flow pattern. The expressions for the shear stress at the plates and mass flow rates are also derived. The numerical solution of the velocity and induced magnetic field is computed and depicted graphically in figures for various values of m, M2 and K2. The numerical results of components of shear stress at both the plates and mass flow rates in the primary and secondary flow directions are presented in tables for various values of m, M2 and K2. It is observed that in a slowly rotating system when the conductivity of the fluid is low and or the applied magnetic field is weak, the primary and secondary velocities u and v respectively and induced magnetic field b_x and b_y have considerable effects of rotation, Hall current and magnetic field. This is due to the fact that the hall current and rotation induces secondary flow. When K2 is large and M2 is of small order of magnitude, the fluid flow becomes boundary layer type. When M2 is large and K2 is of small order of magnitude there arises a thin boundary layer. This boundary layer may be identified as modified hydromagnetic Hartmann, the thickness of this layer decreases with the increase in M2.}

6 illus, 9 tables, 12 ref

000804   Tyagi V;Agrawal V (NO, Jaypee Institute of Engineering and Technology, Raghogarh-Guna, Madhya Pradesh-473 226, Email: dr.vipin.tyagi@gamil.com) : Smart fluids: vibration control and other industrial application. Indian Sci Cruiser 2009, 23(1), 51-3.

The purpose of this paper is to highlight properties of smart fluids - magnetorheological (MR) fluids, electro-rheological (ER) fluids and ferro-fluids (FF). The field of magnetic fluids is a multi-disciplinary area: chemists study their synthesis and produce the ferro-fluids, Physicists study their physical properties and propose theories which explain them, Engineers study their applicability and use them in technological products, Biologists and Physicians study their bio-medical possibilities and use them in medicine and in the biological area. The properties of the magnetic fluids make them useful for many technological, biological and medical purposes. A brief discussion on their applications such as vibration control; reduction of vibrations in air conditioning compressors and other machines; earthquake shock absorbers; fast acting brakes, clutches and hydraulic valves; control of aerospace vehicles; detection of cancer and removal of tumors; sensors for analytical instrumentation; etc. is presented.

7 ref