019524   Kalbande S R;Kamble A K;Gangde C N (Unconventional Energy Sources and Ele Dep, College of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, P D K Vidyapeeth, Krishinagar, Akola-444 104) : Integration of bioenergy resources for a self sufficient energy village. Green Fmg 2010, 1(2), 198-201.

The study of biomass assessment was conducted in the village of Nimbhora of district Akola-in Maharashtra State. The biomass resources were considered as an agricultural crop residues, live stock waste (cattle dung). The present energy utilization pattern of the rural village has been studied for domestic as well in farming activities. The proper biomass conversion system based on the available biomass resources were proposed forthe self sufficient energy village. The installation sizing of the thermo-chemical systems like gasifierand digestion based biomethanation have been identified.

11 tables, 12 ref

019523   Kairimov F H (Institute of Earthquake Engineering Seismology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Ayni Str 121) : Underground water's monitoring by means of high sensitive magnetometry on the Tajikistan's territory. J Envir Res Dev 2008, 2(4), 702-8.

Monitoring of the hydro-regime environment near large reservoirs has great significance for providing their stability, reliability of the relating to them water-engineering constructions, and also for the ecological protection. If the surface drain waters from reservoir and the expiration from it are determining without difficulties, then the determination of filtration into the underlying rocks and back presents great difficulties because of their insufficient accessibility for the appropriate measurements. For the last case it's possible in principle to accomplish this monitoring remotely by the geophysical methods, especially of electro-magnetic and seismic survey. The advantage of geophysical methods consists in fact in their high mobility. At their usage there is no need to carry observation of the level of underground waters in the bore holes, whose necessary number must be very large for obtaining of sufficient details of data about the underground waters. Besides boring a large quantity of bore holes is relatively labor-consuming, expensive, occupying much of time, and also is harmful to the environment. Geophysical methods here are a supplement to classical hydrological and hydro geological ones.

1 illus, 19 ref

019522   Jeyakumar S;Sundaravadivelu S (NO, Dr Sivanthi Aditanar College of Engineering, Tiruchendur, Email: jkumar_simon@yahoo.co.in) : Parallel adaptive spatial temporal prediction with load balancing for fast video compression. Icfai univ J Inf Technol 2009, 5(4), 52-66.

Video image compression has been an area where the computational demand is far above the capacity of conventional sequential processing. This paper presents a parallel adaptive prediction model for video compression using cluster computing on a local network with balanced load. The method used for prediction is adaptive, in which frames with very few motion changes are predicted in their temporal domain using motion estimation and frames with high motion activity are predicted in their spatial domain. This approach gives a good compression rate. A parallel compression model is applied by using multiple networked heterogeneous personal computer systems that perform compression on different input frames simultaneously. Also computing load is distributed properly among all the processors by the resource management technique of cluster computing. The experimental results show that the proposed parallel method has better speedup than the sequential algorithm and is suitable for fast compression of video data.

9 illus, 7 tables, 15 ref

019521   Jahan A;Ismail M Y;Noorossana R (Industrial Engineering Dep, Islamic Azad University-Semnan branch, Iran, , Email: iranalijahan@yahoo.com) : Multi response optimization in design of experiments considering capability index in bounded objectives method. J scient ind Res 2010, 69(1), 11-16.

Presents a new method for optimization of multiple response problems in designing of experiment. An algorithm was developed for explicit determination of over bounded goals by combining mean and standard deviation of quality characteristics according to process capability (CP_K). The output of this algorithm will guide to use one of multiple objective decision making (MODM) methods. Proposed algorithm was successfully applied on a case study to minimize standard deviations while maximizing means of two quality characteristics and minimizing price of the product. Output of the algorithm directed to use bounded objective methods. Thus, non linear problem was solved with generalized reduced gradient (GRG) algorithm.

2 tables, 9 ref

019520   Jagirdar V V;Dadar M S;Sulakhe V P (NO, Vehicles Research and Development Establishment, Ahmednagar-414 006, Email: vvjagirdar@vrde.drdo.in) : Wishbone structure for front independent suspension of a military truck. Def Sci J 2010, 60(2), 178-83.

Wishbone structure for double wishbone front-independent Suspension for a military truck application is presented. At present, the vehicle is equipped with rigid axle with leaf springs. There are two aspects that dictate the design of wishbone structure, viz. the path of relative motion between the constituents of the suspension system and the forces transmitted between them. Also, enhancement of mobility was made possible by maintaining the live axle in the system. A double wishbone, double coil spring with twin damper configuration was employed for this application. MBD Analysis was carried out using MSC ADAMS. A double wishboneindependent suspension has been designed for the front axle and has been successfully integrated with the vehicle.

10 illus

019519   Hemalatha B R;Prasad N;Venkata Subramanya B V (Civil Dep, RLJIT, Doddaballapur, Bangalore, Email: hemabrenv@gmail.com ) : Construction and demolition waste recycling for sustainable growth and development. J Envir Res Dev 2008, 2(4), 759-65.

Construction and demolition (C and D) waste is defined as the solid waste generated by the construction, remodeling, renovation, repair, alteration or demolition of residential, commercial, government or institutional buildings, industrial, commercial facilities and infrastructures such as roads, bridges, dams, tunnels, railways and airports. Construction and demolition waste is considered as high volume, low risk. It is commonly understood that this waste can be considered a resource, either for reuse in its original form or for recycling or energy recovery. Because of increasing waste production and public concerns about the environment, it is desirable to recycle materials from building demolition. If suitably selected, ground, cleaned and sieved in appropriate industrial crushing plants, these materials can be profitably used in concrete. Despite this, most Construction and Demolition waste ends up in landfills. This paper highlights the composition of Construction and Demolition waste, the need for its recycling and options that can be implemented for its efficient use in the field of concrete technology in general. Hazardous components Mobile plant.

3 illus, 5 ref

019518   Harikrishnan S;Murthy K P S (NO, Armament Research and Development Establishment, Pashan, Pune-411 021) : Inconsistent performance of a tandem-shaped charge warhead. Def Sci J 2010, 60(2), 164-8.

Tandem shaped charge warhead is one of the efficient methods to defeat the explosive reactive armour (ERA) protected main battle tanks (MBT). In this concept, two shaped charges mounted in the same missile are initiated one after the other with certain time delay. First shaped charge jet would remove the ERA and the second jet would penetrate the bare armour. Both these explosive charges are mounted close to each other most of the time due to severe space constraints in the system. It is necessary to protect the second charge from the blast effects of first charge, during the time delay between the initiations of two charges. Blast effect of precursor charge on main charge is understood to have detrimental effects on the performance of warhead system. Presents a case study of an investigation into the inconsistent performance of a tandem warhead for a third generation antitank missile. The warhead generated a crooked jet resulting in inconsistent penetration performance. Typical crater profiles were observed when the penetration performance deteriorated. Systematic analysis was carried out and simulations were performed using Autodyn-3D to reproduce the phenomenon. Experiments were conducted using Flash X-ray which substantiated the assumptions made for simulation studies.

7 illus, 7 ref

019517   Gupta V K;Sinha P K;Pradhan N (R&D Centre for Iron and Steel, SAIL, Ranchi-834 002) : Viscosity - composition relationships for secondary refining slags in steel making. Steel India 2008, 30(2), 58-62.

For slags used in the secondary refining of steel, quantitative viscosity-composition correlations have been developed for the composition range: 45-55% CaO, 25-35% A1₂O₃ 5-10% MgO and 5-13% 5iO2₂ and three temperature values of interest: 1550, 1575 and 1600 C, using data available in the literature. Also, an attempt has been made to identify the relative effect of each component on slag viscosity.

6 tables, 16 ref

019516   Gupta V K (R&D Centre for Iron and Steel, SAIL, Ranchi-834 002) : Scientific approach to establishing material balance for a process unit in plant environment. Steel India 2008, 30(2), 1-10.

With a view to enable the process engineers carry out a meaningful analysis and evaluation of the process performance using error prone data gathered in a plant environment, a scientific methodology has been demonstrated for refining the plant data from the material balance point of view.

4 illus, 14 tables, 11 ref

019515   Gupta S K;Sen N;Prasad J;Ghantasala S R;Basu D S (NO, RDCIS, Ranchi-834 002) : Evaluation of the properties of mould powder for the slab casting. Steel India 2009, 31(2), 24-9.

Characteristics of mould powder used for thin slab casting have been evaluated, and compared with those for conventional CC. The importance of viscosity of mould powder has been reviewed. Viscosity measurements using a rotating type viscometer, and melting trajectory (softening, melting and flow temperatures) using a hot stage microscope have been carried out. These experiments have indicated that viscosity of mould powder for thin slab and conventional CC is nearly same at 1300 C. However, viscosity for thin slab casting is lower than that for conventional CC at lower temperature (1250 C). The lower viscosity is perhaps required for better lubrication at the wider ends and at the lower part of the thin slab caster mould where the strand temperature is expected to be less due to higher rate of cooling. Mould powder for thin slab has indicated relatively lower softening, melting and flow temperatures as compared to conventional CC.

2 illus, 5 tables, 16 ref

019514   Gupta B (NO, Aerial Delivery Research and Development Establishment, Agra Cantt-282 001, Email: directoradrde@dataone.in) : Aerial delivery systems and technologies. Def Sci J 2010, 60(2), 124-36.

Aerial Delivery Research & Development Establishment (ADRDE) was started at Kanpur during latter part of 1950's consisting of two Aerial Delivery Sections primarily for the indigenisation of Parachutes and related equipment for Para-dropping of men and materials. Today, the charter of ADRDE includes design & development of parachutes, Aerostat Systems, Aircraft Arrester Barrier Systems and Heavy-Drop Systems for both military and civilian applications. The technological competence built in Aeronautical, Textile, Mechanical and Electronics engineering has imparted ADRDE, a unique combination of know-how and capabilities to evolve new solutions in these fields, with emphasis on quality assurance. Highlights the design and development of technologies developed by ADRDE to stengthen the India's aerial delivery system and its future plans.

^iia29 illus

019513   Gopal P;Kalaivanan M;Kumaragurubaran B; Vivekanandan M (Automobile Engineering Dep, Anna Univ, Tiruchirappalli, Email: gopalpp@gmail.com) : View of the future of diesel engine to control emission by using fuel additives and external heater. J Envir Res Dev 2008, 3(2), 531-5.

Describes new technologies for achieving exhaust emission levels much below in diesel engines. It is considered "impossible" if diesel engines of the future do not meet emission legislation with out considering the particulate trap. In Diesel engines decreasing CO emissions main is concern of diesel engine because of high particulate emissions, which is reported to be carcinogenic in nature. Diesel particulate filters have been considered to be the primary technology in meeting these limits. But the problem with the DPF is the soot accumulation and subsequent increase in backpressure, affecting the engine's performance. So regeneration of trap is an important issue. The test results and analysis to evaluate the benefits of various performance and emission parameters based on the regeneration efficiency.

7 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

019512   Godugula V;Jayant Singh (NO, Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad-500 059) : Exhaust emissions of CI engine on pongamia ethyl ester blends with diesel. Green Fmg 2010, 1(2), 202-5.

Studies were conducted to find out the suitability of pongamia ethyl ester (PEE) and its blends with diesel from 10% to 100% by volume as fuel in Cl engine. Different blends are prepared and the fuel characteristics are determined using the standard procedures. Performance of a 3.73 KW constant speed diesel engine was evaluated in terms of specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency and exhaust emissions such as CO, HC, smoke density and NO_x. The results revealed that blends of pongamia ethyl ester with diesel up to 20% by volume gave better engine performance with reduction in exhaust emissions.

6 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

019511   Ghosh S P;Maiti S K;Singh G (Environmental Science and Engineering Dep, Indian School of Mines Univ, Dhanbad-826 004) : Heavy metal contamination in roadside soil and vegetation. Indian J envir Prot 2009, 29(4), 334-41.

Metals, a major category of globally distributed pollutants, are natural elements that have been extracted from the earth and harnessed for human use. Metals are notable for their wide environmental dispersion from various activities; their tendency to accumulate in select tissues of the human body; and their overall potential to be toxic even at relatively minor levels of exposure. Soils along highways typically contain high amount of heavy metals, such as Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu and Ni because of non-point contamination sources; most commonly from vehicle exhaust and wear of vehicle parts. Since the heavy metals do not degrade naturally, accumulation of high concentration in soils can be toxic to organisms living in surrounding environment. Metals are natural parts of eco-system occurring in soil, rock, air, water and organism. A few metals including Cu, Mn and Zn are essential to plant metabolism in trace amount. It is only when metals are present at excessive levels in bioavailable forms, they become potentially toxic to plants. It is important to understand the metal toxicity of roadside soil and vegetation so that we can plant appropriate species in the rehabilitation of contaminated areas and regulate metal emissions effectively. In the present review study, the research trend and important finding emerging out of them are presented in brief.

^iia17 ref

019510   Gambhir S;Doja M N;Moinuudin;Gambhir M (NO, Y.M.C.A. Institute of Engineering, Faridabad, Haryana) : Impact of SHM attributes of mobile node on QoS for HMIPv6 mobile networks. Adv Wireless Mobile Commun 2008, 1(1-3), 25-35.

Mobility is concerned with movement of mobile nodes (MNs) and HMIPv6 architecture divides the mobility into two parts: micro-mobility and macro-mobility. The performance of HMIPv6 networks are immensely effected by selection of MAP that in turn includes selection of SHM attributes (Speed, History pattern followed, type of mobility) used by MN. These three attributes are considered collectively for the selection of next best MAP in order to optimize various QoS parameters viz. handoff delays, location update cost, packet delivery cost and signaling cost.

1 illus, 6 tables, 10 ref

019509   Faisal Anwar A H M (Civil Engineering Dep, Curtin Univ of Technology, Perth WA 6845, Australia, Email: f.anwar@curtin.edu.au) : Estimation of mass transfer coefficients using air-liquid interfacial area in porouus media. J Envir Res Dev 2008, 3(2), 331-41.

Accidental spillages or leakages of organic compound within the environment, released as non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL), result a widespread contamination of subsurface soils and groundwater. In such multi-phase flow system in porous media, interphase mass transfer mainly governs the overall transport processes that occur in the interface between the two fluid phases. Air-liquid interfacial area plays a significant role in mass transfer during the remediation of contaminated soil in unsaturated zone. Usually interphase mass transfer coefficient is expressed as a lumped parameter together with the specific interfacial area. In this paper, interphase mass transfer coefficients are estimated separately using the air-liquid interfacial area based on soil characteristics curve. A series of NAPL volatilization experiments was carried out for different NAPL saturation (13.8%~71%) and pore gas velocities (0.1~2 cm/sec) for different porous media. Three uniform size glass beads (d₅₀=0.25 mm, 0.50 mm, 0.75 mm) and a medium grain silica sand (d₅₀=1.4 mm) were selected as the porous media and Toluene was chosen as single component NAPL. The results revealed that the mass transfer coefficient increases with pore gas velocities and grain sizes. Dependency of mass transfer on pore gas velocity was found to be linear. Mass transfer coefficient was gradually decreased with saturation for uniform size glass beads but sharply decreased in case of silica sand for NAPL saturation of 40-50%.

7 illus, 1 table, 27 ref

019508   Ezil Sam Leni A;Srivatsa S K (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, Sathyabama University, Chennai-119) : Novel mechanism to reduce handoff delay in next generation wireless networks. Adv Wireless Mobile Commun 2008, 1(1-3), 37-49.

With the rapid increase mobile computing devices and wireless networking technology, the demand for `anywhere and anytime' access to high-speed data for real and non-real time multimedia services increases. In Next Generation Wireless Networks, seamless handover between different wireless access networks plays a vital role. Proposes a new handover mechanism based on the information from the physical Layer, Data Link Layer, Network Layer and Application Layers. The collected information is used in execution of three stages in the Handover process of NGWS. The neighboring BSs are determined using CARD protocol. The TOPSIS method is used to select the best available network based on minimum handoff signaling delay and QoS parameters of the wireless applications specified by 3GPP. The handoff initiation time is then calculated and handoff is executed. Simulation results shows that the proposed mechanism gives reduced handoff delay when compared to the mechanism with layer (2+3) information.

9 illus, 3 tables

019507   Elango T;Senthil Kumar T (School of Mechanical and Building Sciences, VIT Univ, Vellore, Email: atelango@gmail.com) : Performance and exhaust emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with pungamia methyl esters and diesel oil blends. J Envir Res Dev 2008, 3(2), 479-89.

The objective of this study is to compare the engine performance and emission results of biodiesel derived from pungamia oil when applied in different proportions in a stationary diesel engine without any engine modifications. A single cylinder four stroke diesel engine was tested at various loads with the blended fuel at the rated speed of 1500 rpm. Esterified pungamia oil and diesel blends having 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% Pungamia oil on volume basis and pure diesel were used as fuel. Engine performance with pure diesel was also evaluated for comparison. An AVL 5 gas analyzer and a smoke meter were used for the measurements of exhaust gas emissions. Engine performance (brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, and exhaust gas temperature) and emissions (HC, CO, CO₂ NO_x and Smoke Opacity) were measured to evaluate and compute the behaviour of the diesel engine running on biodiesel. The results show that the brake thermal efficiency of diesel is higher at all loads followed.by blends of Pungamia oil and diesel. Experimentally the maximum brake thermal efficiency and minimum specific fuel consumption were found for a blend having 10% Pungamia oil at all loads among the blends. The specific fuel consumption was found to be even lower than the conventional diesel for blends up to B30. The brake thermal efficiency for B10 and B20 were also closer to diesel and the CO₂ and NO_x emissions were found to be lesser than diesel while there was a marginal increase in the smoke opacity. The increase in opacity can be effectively managed by engine optimization. The reductions in brake specific fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions made the blend of biodiesel B20 a suitable alternative fuel for diesel and thus could help in controlling air pollution.

9 illus, 3 tables

019506   Dubey M;Rajput S P S;Dubey S K;Tiwari A (Mechanical Engineering Dep, MANIT, Bhopal, Email: d.maneesh@gmail.com) : Pros and cons of adopting Co₂ as a viable, alternative, natural refrigerant. J Envir Res Dev 2008, 2(4), 737-53.

Depletion of stratospheric ozone and climate changes by sustained release of chemicals containing chlorine and bromine led to the enactment of the Montreal and Kyoto Protocols. The HFC's, once thought to be acceptable permanent replacement fluids for refrigeration and air conditioning are now in the list of regulated substances with their production levels being capped and gradually being phased out. There is frenzied activity in the research establishments world-wide to introduce ecologically safe and natural refrigerants. Substantial quantities of refrigerants also find their way in the automobile air conditioning systems. The release of these refrigerants into the atmosphere is still highly unregulated and fraught with uncertainty. CO₂ has successfully been introduced in automobile air conditioning systems to ameliorate this problem. Therefore CO₂ has been rediscovered as a viable option. The objectives of this paper are to review critically recent developments and sate of art technology for adopting CO₂ in various refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump applications. The focus will be on fundamental issues, design issues, cycle modifications and promising application areas. This review aims to project Co₂ as a possible option with some cost effective cycles.

10 illus, 1 tables, 30 ref

019505   Dubey M;Rajput S P S (Mechanical Engineering Dep, MAIT, Bhopal, Email: d.maneesh@gmail.com) : Thermoeconomic optimization : deviation in procedures followed as a primitive approach to rankine powered vapour compression refrigeration system using R-245CA. J Envir Res Dev 2008, 3(2), 548-68.

Conventional approach followed in the evaluation of Rankine Powered Vapour Compression Refrigeration System using the first law of thermodynamics is proposed to be substituted by analyzing it from the viewpoint of second law of thermodynamics and thermoeconomics. This paper describes that Exergy clearly identifies efficiency improvements and reductions in thermodynamic losses attributable to green technologies. Exergy can be used to assess and improve energy systems by providing more useful and meaningful information than energy analysis. This article focuses on the development and state-of-the art of exergy analysis and thermoeconomics by leveraging conventional concepts of engineering economics to optimize the design and performance of thermal systems.

^iia6 illus, 57 ref

019504   Das B K;Balaji S A;Ojha S K;Banerjee A;Guha D (R&D Centre for Iron and Steel, SAIL, Ranchi-834 002) : Hearth protection measures for enhancing campaign life furnaces at Durgapur Steel Plant. Steel India 2008, 30(2), 33-7.

Campaign life of a blast furnace is primarily dictated by the condition of its hearth lining. While the stack and bosh linings are taken care of through effective burden distribution and robot gunitting, the condition of the hearth of the blast furnace has recently needed more attention due to intensification in the blowing parameters, high hot metal temperature and low Si levels in the hot metal. Blast Furnace # 1, 2 & 4 of Durgapur Steel Plant faced major problems during their last campaign: loss of linings, burning of critical coolers and hearth breakout. Hearth protection measures such as charging of titanium bearing materials from top, injecting ilmenite sand through tuyers, regular monitoring of heat flux, temperature mapping and various operational modifications etc. were taken to enhance the campaign life of blast furnaces. Adoption of these measures helped in achieving significant improvement in the campaign life of all three furnaces during their last campaign.

4 illus, 2 tables, 5 ref

019503   Dange A R;Kadam D M;Godugula V P (Central Reserch Institude for Dryland Agri, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad-500 059) : Performance of solar photovoltic panels during battery charging. Green Fmg 2010, 1(1), 84-6.

In order to evaluate of performance of Solar photovoltaic panel, it was found that south facing solar panel received maximum solar radiation during the day as compared to east and west facing. The study was conducted by comparing large and small solar photovoltaic panel. The maximum output energy from large panel and small panel were found 34.53 Watts and 6.23 Watts respectively.

6 illus, 1 tables, 5 ref

019502   Danali S M;Palaiah R S;Raha K C (NO, High Energy Materials Research Lab, Pune, Maharashtra, Email: smdanali@rediffmail.com) : Developments in pyrotechnics. Def Sci J 2010, 60(2), 152-8.

Application of smoke and various types of smoke bombs/ devices developed are narrated. The light output of 51 mm, 81 mm, 120 mm and 120 mm LRM illuminating bombs developed is 2.6, 9.0, 10.8 and 15 lakhs candela, respectively. The IR flares developed for first and second generation anti-tank missile are in regular production. An IR decoy flare is developed for CMDS. Feasibility study on multi-spectral smoke and IR flare compositions is completed. 1W-1A No fire capability EED is developed. Gas generators 1200 cc, 2400 cc, 6000 cc are developed. Accuracy of pyro delay is improved. Laser initiated pyrocartridge is developed. Nanoscale Fe₂O₃ is synthesised and studied. A few toxic ingredients are replaced to march towards green pyrotechnics. Objectives for improved pyrotechnics are included.

^iia8 illus, 42 ref

019501   Civalek O;Ozturk B (Civil Engineering Dep, Faculty of Engineering, Akdeniz University, 07058, Antalya, Turkey, Email: civalek@yahoo.com) : Discrete singular convolution algorithm for non-linear transient response of circular plates resting on Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundations with different types of dynamic loading. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2009, 16(4), 259-68.

Nonlinear dynamic analysis of circular plates on two parameter elastic foundations is studied. Winkler and Pasternak models of elastic foundation are used. The nonlinear partial differential equations obtained from von Karman's large deflection plate theory have been solved by using the discrete singular convolution (DSC) in the space domain and the harmonic differential quadrature (HDQ) method in the time domain. The influence of stiffness of Winkler (K) and Pasternak (G) foundation on geometrically nonlinear dynamic response of plates is investigated. The influence of damping on the nonlinear dynamic response has also been studied. Numerical results obtained by the application of present technique compare well with the results available in literature.

14 illus, 56 ref

019500   Christopher S (NO, Centre for Air Borne Systems, Bangalore-560 037) : State-of-the-art in active electronically-steered array surveillance radar: Indian value addition. Def Sci J 2010, 60(2), 184-8.

Advent of active electronically steered arrays (AESA) marked the most important development in radar technology. With exceptional reliability, superior performance, and unprecedented beam-steering agility, this technology has drastically changed many aspects of airborne surveillance, and thereby the tactics of air warfare. The optimal configuration for the AESA antenna is still evolving towards exploitation of the radar's total potential in the airborne surveillance application. Briefly enumerates the efforts being made in this direction globally and elaborates the Indian line of approach for its current and future AEW&C systems.

^iia14 ref

019499   Choudhary D;Srivastava S K;Prasad R S (Fuel Science Div, Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Dhanbad-828 108) : Preparation of adsorbent precursor from coal; using oxidative technique. Indian J envir Prot 2009, 29(4), 359-68.

Studies on converting a low rank high ash Lingaraj open cast project coal of Mahanadi Coalfield Limited, India to an adsorbent via its structural modification through partial oxidation have been carried. Oxidation studies on high ash low rank coal from this Mahanadi Coalfield was carried out in air at 150<±5<°C for different time durations, namely 24 hr, 50 hr, 216 hr. Similar studies using varying nitric acid concentration, namely 1N, 2N, 3N and 4N were also carried out. The oxidized coals thus obtained were characterized in terms of elemental composition, oxygenated functional groups, like COOH and OH, CO₂ surface area, etc. It was found that consequent upon oxidation, the surface area decreased in both the cases, that is on air oxidation as well as on nitric acid oxidation. FTIR spectra of 24 hr, 50 hr, 216 hr air oxidized coals were recorded and compared. It was found that there has been a gradual decrease in aliphatic-CH groups with increase in duration of aerial oxidation along with formation of-COOH and> CO groups. The characterization of mineral matter constituents present in coal during heating was considered to be important because these may form a wide variety of newly formed phases. Hence FTIR spectra of mineral matter constituents of raw and oxidized coal sample were also recorded and compared. It was observed that there have been no significant changes in the kaolinite structure during aerial oxidation. A possible hypothesis has been forwarded to correlate the progressive decrease in surface area with the physico-chemical properties of the oxidized coals. The above studies have been carried out keeping in view of preparation of adsorbent precursor.

3 illus, 3 tables, 30 ref

019498   Choubey M;Jojo M;Haque M F;Singh A P;Tripathi P K (R&D Centre for Iron and Steel, SAIL, Ranchi-834 002) : Effect of ceramic fibre lining on thermal performance of bell annealing furnace at Bokaro Steel Plant. Steel India 2009, 31(2), 12-16.

Use of ceramic fibre lining in heating bell of annealing furnace has led to reduction in heating time and lining thickness. The distance between hot face of heating bell and protective cover has increased. Roof of heating bell has been changed from arch to flat type. This has facilitated increase in height of the protective cover by about 300 mm resulting in increase in the height of coil charge. Thermal efficiency has improved, and the incidence of slow rise of temperature has been controlled. 17% reduction in specific fuel consumption in cold condition of the heating bell has been achieved.

4 illus, 4 tables, 2 ref

019497   Chetananon W;Sriburi T (Environment Science Dep, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn Univ, Bangkok-103 30, Email: chetananon@hotmil.com) : Integrated water management for natural resources and environment: a case study of the royal-initiated Lamphayang river basin (upper part) development project Khao Wong district, Kalasin province, (Thailand). J Envir Res Dev 2008, 3(1), 271-84.

This research was conducted in Lamphayoang irrigation project, Kalasin Province, Northeastern Region of Thailand, far from Bangkok about 519 kms. It was found that increasing soil erosion and erratic rainfall caused a lack of the appropriate water management system. The objective of this paper is to provide an application in the New Theory model (NTM), initiated by His Majesty King Bhumibol and investigate the value of local knowledge about land, water and population management for integrated water management, in particular to the cultivation. It was developed the specific model on these changes alter the important environmental parameters. This study based on Land-Water-Population Management Concept (LWPM Concept), and NTM. Integrated Management (IM) -related to the agricultural data of the area, total of 36 plots, 1,81 7 Acres, focused on 21 plots, 124 Acers (good NTM) in the Lamphayang irrigation system. The reservoir in the project area is stored water about 4 million cubic meters. During rainy season, one-hundred percent of the rain respondents' source of water supply in the area. The lack of water during the dry season impacts the farmers. Because of the local culture and lack of water, the farmers do not work in the agriculture and seem to take this opportunity to their production practices as expected. Many people still consistently migrate to search for more profitable off-agriculture employment in cities and leave children and elderly behind. The study results demonstrated in the NTM that the farmers have developed a sophisticated practical framework for managing their land that integrates knowledge of land type, planning, productivity and optimum water management under unpredictable environment. However, green space was also lost in already densely built-up area, It can be concluded that understanding of this integrated water management and NTM offers real benefits to the local professional working for extension institutions and agricultural development in Lamphayang river Basin. The practical approach to documenting and exploring the utility of local land-water population related to NTM used in this research has broad applicability in Thailand and beyond.

8 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

019496   Cherykuri N;Narayana Rao K;Mallikarjuna Rao K (Mechanical Engineering Dep, V.R. Siddartha Engineering College, Vijayawada-520 007) : Detection of delamination in a glass/epoxy composite rotor based on vibration analysis. Int J Mater Sci 2009, 4(1), 17-24.

Composite materials have interesting properties such as high strength to weight ratio, compared to metals, which make them very attractive for rotating systems. These composite shafts generally fail due to the material delimitation. The present work deals with the study of these material delimitations in a rotor system and its prediction to prevent the catastrophic failure. The methodology of identification of delamination using dynamic analysis has been explained for a rotor system. A new technique for delamination prediction has been proposed in the present work. The analysis has been carried out for different stacking sequences. Some interesting results have been observed in the present work.

11 illus, 15 ref

019495   Chaudhari L B;Murthy Z V P (Chemical Engineering Dep, N.G. Patel Polytechnic, Bardoli, Gujarat, Email: zvpm2000@yahoo.com) : Removal of nickel and cadmium ions from aqueous waste water by nano filtration. J Envir Res Dev 2008, 3(2), 400-6.

Nanofiltration is used for the treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals to reduce fresh water consumption and prevent the environmental degradation. In the present study, removal of Ni^{2+ and Cd2+ ions from synthetic aqueous wastewater has been investigated by a commercial nanofiltration membrane Perma-TFC-NF-300. Experiments with binary aqueous solutions (CdCl_-2NiCl2-water) and (CdSO_4- NiSO₄-water) are performed to know the influence of the anion on the separation of nickel and cadmium ions. The experiments are carried out for different feed concentrations (5, 50 and 150 ppm), feed flowrates (5, 10 and 15 L/min) and feed pressures (4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 atm), and corresponding permeate flux and rejection/separation are measured. The rejection of both Ni+2 and Cd 2+ ions increase with increase in pressure. Rejection increases with higher valency of the anion owing to increased electrostatic repulsion by the membrane. The rejection increases as the feed flowrate increases at constant feed pressure. The rejection of Ni2+ and Cd2+ ions decrease with increase in feed concentration. Maximum rejection of Ni2+ and Cd2+ ions observed are 98% and 97% for CdSONiSOM_4-water and 85% and 80% for CdCl_2-NiCl_2-water systems, respectively.}

7 illus, 27 ref

019494   Ceylan H;Haldenbilen S;Ceylan H;Baskan O (Civil Engineering Dep, Engineering Faculty, Pamukkale University, Denizli, 20017, Turkey, Email: halimc@pau.edu.tr) : Development of delay models with quasi-Newton method resulting from TRANSYT traffic model. J scient ind Res 2010, 69(2), 87-93.

Presents delays at signalized intersection resulting from TRANSYT traffic model (TTM) for 3 and 4 phase individual junctions to develop new forms of delays to set up timing manual for practical users. Proposed total delay estimation (TDE) is solved with quasi-Newton method to obtain weighting parameters for delays resulting from TTM. With 3- and 4-legs signalized intersections, uniform and random plus over-saturation component of total delay may be estimated in a single model.

5 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

019493   Borkar V G;Ghosh A;Singh R K;Chourasia N (NO, Research Centre Imarat, Vignyana Kancha, Hyderabad-500 069, Email: vgborkar1@rediffmail.com) : Radar cross-section measurement technique. Def Sci J 2010, 60(2), 204-12.

Radar cross-section (RCS) is an important study parameter for defence applications specially dealing with airborne weapon system. The RCS parameter guides the detection range for a target and is therefore studied to understand the effectiveness of a weapon system. It is not only important to understand the RCS characteristics of a target but also to look into the diagnostic mode of study where factors contributing to a particular RCS values are studied. This further opens up subject like RCS suppression and stealth. Discusses the RCS principle, control, and need of measurements. Classification of RCS in terms of popular usage is explained with detailed theory of RF imaging and inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR). The various types of RCS measurement ranges are explained with brief discussion on outdoor RCS measurement range. The RCS calibration plays a critical role in referencing the measurement to absolute values and has been described. The RCS facility at Reseach Centre Imarat, Hyderabad, is explained with some details of different activities that are carried out including RAM evaluation, scale model testing, and diagnostic imaging.

11 illus, 11 ref

019492   Biswal P (Aerospace Medicine, IAM, IAF, Bangalore-560 017) : Mathematical model for accurate measurement of head movements in simulators with frontal field visual display. Indian J Aerospace Med 2009, 53(1), 11-18.

Modern Simulators in the Aeromedical environment incorporate large frontal visual field displays. This requires the monitoring camera within the simulator cockpit to be placed eccentrically. The resulting "off-axis" view causes problems in accurately determining the degree of head movement of subjects seated within the simulator. Author proposes a mathematical model relating the angle of eccentricity of the camera with the angle of head movement actually performed in the roll and pitch planes and the angle of head movement seen on the screen at the control panel. Use of this model would enable precise assessment of head movements within the Simulator for training as well as research purposes.

11 illus, 11 ref

019491   Bhalla S;Gupta S;Puttagunta S;Suresh R (Civil Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110 016, Email: sbhalla@civil.iitd.ac.in) : Bamboo as green alternative to concrete and steel for modern structures. J Envir Res Dev 2008, 3(2), 362-70.

This paper presents the possible replacement of concrete and steel, production of every ton of which releases several tons of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, by eco-friendly bamboo as a modern engineering construction material. In fact, growth of every ton of bamboo consumes nearly a ton of carbon dioxide besides releasing fresh oxygen into the atmosphere. In this paper, through structural analysis and design principles, it is demonstrated as to how modern engineered structures can be a real possibility using bamboo. A detailed structural analysis and design of a typical bamboo shed structure is presented in accordance with the Indian standard codes of practice. The columns are designed as battened columns with concrete bands as the ties. The roof is designed as a bamboo parabolic tied arch resting on the battened 'bambcrete' columns. Other elements such as purlins and bracings are also bamboo based. Two alternative designs are presented for connection of the bamboo columns with concrete pedestal projecting from the footing base. Not only the proposed structure is capable of withstanding the loads as prescribed in the codes of practice, its cost is several times less than the so called "modern structures" constructed using concrete and steel. The details presented in this paper set aside the conventional belief that only concrete and steel structures can be engineered. Modern structural analysis and design practices can be suitably applied upon bamboo elements for rational engineering design of buildings and other structures.

9 illus, 3 tables, 9 ref

019490   Benameur S;Kandouci M;Boumediene O;Taik S; Bouzid M;Oukli M (d'Electronique Faculte' des Sciences de l'Ingenieur Dep, Universite Djilali Liabes, BP 89, SIDI BEL - ABBES, ALGERIE, Email: sarah_mail14@yahoo.for) : Contribution of filtering optical Fabry-Perot type on optical amplified link. Adv Wireless Mobile Commun 2008, 1(1-3), 15-23.

Use of Optical amplifiers to improve the sensitivity of receivers has increased following the introduction of low-noise Erbium-Doped Fiber amplifiers (EDFA). Amplification by EDFA's or semiconductor optical amplifiers requires that most of spontaneous emission noise be removed by narrow-band filtering the output about the signal frequencies. Although, discussion of the problem of optically amplified receiver sensitivity is not new [1, 2]. Purpose of the work is a Fabry-Perot filter inserted in an optical transmission system, to improve its performance.

8 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

019489   Benameur S;Kandouci M;Boumediene O ('dElectronique Faculte des Sciences de l'Ingenieur Dep, Universite Djilali Liabes, BP 89, SIDI BEL ABBES, ALGERIE, Email: sarah_mail14@yahoo.fr) : Optical Wdm link simulation at 4*10 Gbits/S with the Comsis software. Adv Wireless Mobile Commun 2008, 1(1-3), 1-6.

Evolution of data transmission using optical fiber media has been accelerated since the advent of technical multiplexing wavelengths (WDM), which helps to achieve bit rates of a few Tb/s transported by a single fiber. In this context, authors propose in this work, to make a simulation of a system WDM, at 4 * 10 Gbps with the COMSIS simulator system. Authors will interest especially to demultiplexing.

5 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

019488   Banerjee U K;Narayanan V;Arumugam A; Jaffarullah R;Jha V K (R&D Centre for Iron and Steel, SAIL, Ranchi-834 002) : In-furnace condition of blast furnace with under burden probe. Steel India 2008, 30(2), 11-16.

Intimate knowledge of in-furnace condition such as burden distribution, gas flow pattern, temperature distribution and the shape of the cohesive zone is essential for smooth running of the blast furnace. Probing is one of the techniques adopted for this purpose. One of the 2000 m^{3 Blast furnaces of SAIL plants has been equipped with state of the art Under Burden Probe (UBP). This equipment is hydraulically operated and is installed approximately 6 m below the stock line. The probe is inserted horizontally along the furnace radius and collects and analyses online gas samples at eight equidistant points from center to periphery. The gas temperature is also measured simultaneously. The UBP has been extensively used for correlating the gas temperature, gas utilization factor ηco with different charging sequences for controlling the gas flow pattern inside the furnace. Pronounced central working of blast furnace is a necessary prerequisite for higher productivity, low fuel rate, consistent hot metal quality and temperature. Analyses and highlights the attempts made to achieve central working by altering the ore coke ratio and the change in the burden distribution matrix using the probes. The probe measurements corroborate the steps taken to improve furnace central working.}

6 illus, 4 tables, 4 ref

019487   Appala Reddy;Mahesh Babu N;Harini L;Srikanth R;Srinivas J (Mechanical Engineering Dep, NIT, Rourkela, Email: srin07@yahoo.co.in) : Design and analysis of a revised grass trimming device. J scient ind Res 2010, 69(1), 39-42.

Design methodology for fabrication and testing of a petrol-operated grass trimming device under Indian scenario has been presented. Components like driveshaft spindle, its bushed sleeve and trimming head system were developed from available workshop scrap material. During operation, optimal hand-handle position over a different engine speeds and cutting thread lengths was predicted so as to minimize operator's fatigue.

4 illus, 4 tables, 7 ref

019486   Antony Jeyasehar C;Sathish Kumar;Muthumani K; Lakshmanan N (Civil and Structural Engineering Dep, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608 002, Email: ksk_sercm@yahoo.co.in) : Seismic performance evaluation methodologies for civil engineering structures. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2009, 16(4), 220-8.

There is a strong need for evaluating the adequacy of seismic performance of civil engineering structures following the damage and collapse of numerous structures during recent earthquakes. In addition, the adequacy of seismic performance of the older structures in regions of high seismicity, which are designed prior to the advent of revised seismic deign codes, is also a matter of growing concern. Seismic performance evaluation of civil engineering structures is an iterative process involving alternate stages of experimentation and computation. Several experimental methodologies including quasi-static testing, effective force testing, shake table testing, pseudo dynamic testing and real time dynamic hybrid testing and computational methodologies based on different numerical time stepping procedures are used to simulate and evaluate the seismic performance of civil engineering structures. A broad overview on the existing computational and experimental seismic performance evaluation methodologies is reported. Also presents the genesis, development and mathematical formulation of the pseudo dynamic testing method in detail and highlights the merits and demerits of the method over the other experimental seismic performance evaluation methods.

6 illus, 31 ref

019485   Anjan Kumar M;Prasada Raju G V R (Civil Engineering Dep, JNTU College of Engineering, Kakinada-533 003, Email: gvrp_raju@yahoo. om) : Use of lime cement stabilized pavement construction. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2009, 16(4), 269-76.

Expansive clay is a major source of heave induced structural distress. Swelling of expansive soils causes serious problems and produce damages to many structures. Many research organizations are doing extensive work on waste materials concerning the feasibility and environmental suitability. Fly ash, a waste by product from coal burning in thermal power stations is abundant in India causing severe health, environmental and disposal problems. Attempts are made to investigate the stabilization process with model test tracks over expansive subgrade in flexible pavements. Cyclic plate load tests are carried out on the tracks with chemicals like lime and cement introduced in fly ash subbase laid on sand and expansive subgrades. Test results show that maximum load carrying capacity is obtained for stabilized fly ash subbase compared to untreated fly ash subbase.

8 illus, 3 tables, 24 ref

019484   Anand R;Senthilkumar T;Elango T (Mechanical Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli, Email: kmtsenthil@gmail.com) : Effects of jatropha methyl ester-diesel blends and injection pressure in engine performance and exhaust emissions. J Envir Res Dev 2008, 2(4), 726-36.

The increasing industrialization of today's world demands high consumption of petroleum fuels, especially by the agriculture and transport sector. This leads to a rapid depletion of petroleum fuels, which unfortunately have turned out to be non-renewable. The limited availability of petroleum based fuels in certain parts of the world and the environmental pollution caused by them prove to be the two factors for the search of alternative fuels which are preferably renewable. Though the right alternative fuel to replace diesel has not yet been proposed, vegetable oils may be a promising alternate. But the difficulty arises due to their high viscosity which can be overcome to a great extent by the transesterification process. The present paper reviews the use of raw, esterified and blended jatropha oil in diesel engine. The emission characteristics have been evaluated for different proportions of the blends.

16 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref

019483   Al-Salem S M (Petrochemical Processes Program Element, Petroleum Research and Studie, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109 (State of Kuwait)) : Influence of meteorological parameters on formulation of LLDPE exposed to natural (out door) weathering: statistical analysis of data obtained from physical and mechanical characterization. J Envir Res Dev 2008, 2(4), 680-90.

Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) films compounded in a Mac-Plas film line (@ 175 °C) after extrusion in a Killion Compounding Extruder (@ 220 °C) were subjected to natural (outdoor) weathering for 16 months, exceeding 11,640 hrs of exposure to harsh weather. The films under investigation were prepared with UVA additives (i. e. Tinuvin 494 FB, Tinuvin NOR 371 and Chimasorb 81) and studied simultaneously with virgin (pure resin) samples prepared for comparative reasons. Mechanical (stress, strain and elongation to brake) and physical (haze, transmission, density and total change in color) properties characterization were done regularly after unloading. Influence of exposure duration, mean ambient temperature, wind speed and direction and relative humidity was studied using statistical treatment of the data obtained. Meteorological parameters were treated as independent variables whilst mechanical and physical properties were set as dependent variables. Using least square method, the influential parameters were linearized by relating them as a simple straight fit equation or a logarithmic one. Effect of additive was noticed on the film samples studied in different proportions.

5 illus, 6 tables, 8 ref

018539   Wardzinska A L;Bandurski W (Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications, Chair of Multimedia Tel, Poznan Univ of Technology, Poznan, Poland, Email: bandursk@Et.PUT.Poznan.PL) : Sensitivity analysis of the output signal of VLSI inverter-interconnect-inverter system to selected parameters. IETE Tech Rev 2009, 26(6), 440-52.

Interconnect parameters play an important role in signal propagation in VLSI systems. In this paper, we present the sensitivity analysis to parameters of typical on-chip interconnects for ramp response. The sensitivity to parameters for the threshold crossing time is also shown here. Computation of the output response of the interconnect, and the threshold crossing time formulas based on the multiple scales method are presented.

15 illus, 26 ref

018538   Muthuswamy B;Kokate P P (Electrical Engineering Dep, , S-342, Fred Look Engineering Center, Milwaukee School of Engineering, Milwaukee, WI, USA, Email: muthuswamy@msoe.edu) : Memristor-based chaotic circuits. IETE Tech Rev 2009, 26(6), 417-29.

Ever since its physical fabrication in 2008, the memristor has been promising in the fields of nanoelectronics, computer logic and neuromorphic computers. Taking advantage of the circuit properties of the memristor, this paper proposes memristor-based chaotic circuits. For the first time, memristor-based chaotic circuits have been derived from the canonical Chua's circuit. These circuits present opportunities for developing applications under the constraints of scalability and low power. They also provide a memristor-based framework for secure communications with chaos.

14 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

018537   Mohanraj K;Sivakumar G (NO, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608 002, Email: gsk_cisl@yahoo.com) : Hydration of fly ash blended paste. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect F 2009, 28(1-2), 7-16.

This article investigates the potential use of an Indian fly ash effect into the blended (cement + 30% fly ash) cement sample. For hydration, the water to cement (w/c) ratio is to be maintained 0.4. At various time of hydration the effect of replacement on setting time and compressive strength were measured. The changes observed due to fly ash addition were also confirmed using the FTIR characteristic peak and the micro structural changes were noted using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) micrographs with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) data. From the observed result, the setting time of blended paste was delayed due to early hydration product of ettringite formation is lesser than OPC. The blended paste gains more strength due to the production of more CSH gel in later periods (pozzolanic reaction products) whereas earlier strength is low.

4 illus, 19 ref

018536   Kulkarni V S;Deshmukh K C (Mathematics Dep, Govt College of Engineering, Aurangabad-431 005, Email: vinayakskulkarnil@rediffmail.com) : Thermal stresses in a thick circular plate due to partial heating. Bull Calcutta Mathl Soc 2009, 101(3), 205-16.

Deals with the determination of a Quasi-static thermal stresses in a thick circular plate subjected to partial eating on the upper face with lower face at zero temperature and the fixed circular edge is thermally insulated. Initial temperature of the plate is same as the temperature of the surrounding medium. The results are obtained in series form in terms of Bessel's functions. They are computed numerically and illustrated graphically.

7 illus, 5 ref

018535   Islam M R;Kim J (Electronics and Radio Engineering Dep, CSA and VLSI Lab, Kyunghee Univ, 1 Seocheon, Kihung, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 449 701, Korea, Email: rakib@vlsi.khu.ac.kr) : Development of selection function for the application in cooperative multiple input single output at energy aware wireless sensor network. IETE Tech Rev 2009, 26(6), 453-60.

Energy efficient data transfer is the key factor for the design of energy efficient wireless sensor network (WSN). IEEE 1451.5 standard explores the wireless communication schemes between multiple sensors and a data gathering node (DGN) emphasizing the multiple input single output (MISO) structure. Sensors participating in this MISO can be chosen selectively for more energy efficient data transfer and the selection is controlled by several parameters, which are not completely explored yet. In this paper, an energy efficient cooperative technique is proposed for a WSN where selected numbers of sensors are used to form a MISO structure wire-lessly connected with a DGN. The selection of nodes is based on a selection function, which is a combination of channel gain, residual energy, inter-sensor distance in a cluster and geographical location. Data are sent by the sensors to a DGN using a multi-hop transmission. We are concentrating our design on the final hop where sensors transmit their data to the DGN. A mathematical model is developed to get the selection function.

6 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

018534   Deswal S;Rajneesh Kumar (Mathematics Dep, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar-125 001, Email: spannu_gju@yahoo.com) : Transient waves in a generalized thermo-microstretch elastic solid. Bull Calcutta Mathl Soc 2009, 101(3), 235-52.

The transient waves due to thermal sources in a homogeneous, isotropic generalized thermo-microstretch elastic medium have been studied by using Laplace-Fourier transform techniques. The integral transforms have been inverted by using a numerical technique. The analytical expressions of the displacement components, force stress, couple ústress, microstress and temperature field so obtained in the physical domain have been computed numerically and illustrated graphically for three different theories of generalized thermo-elasticity. Stretch effect on various expressions has also been obtained analytically and depicted graphically.

5 illus, 30 ref

018533   Chen Y;He J;Wang Y;Lin X;Zhang L;Chan M (TSRC, Key Laboratory of Microlectronic Devices and Circuits of Ministry of E, EECS, Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Email: eechenyu@pku.edu.cn) : Terahertz wave generation and detection analysis of silicon nanowire MOS field-effect transistor. IETE Tech Rev 2009, 26(6), 430-8.

A complete analysis of Terahertz (THz) wave generation and detection of Silicon Nanowire MOS Field-Effect Transistor (SNFET) is presented in this paper. Based on the developed SNFET-THz device theory, the dependence of THz detection of SNFET on bias and structure parameters are obtained and illustrated. The numerical technique to solve fluid dynamic equation groups, which govern the THz wave transport in SNFET, is also introduced. Based on the developed numerical tool, the THz generation and its instability are demonstrated and analyzed in details. From developed numerical simulation program, the evolution processes of THz plasma wave in generation and detection modes are presented.

7 illus, 29 ref

018532   Bakir M S;Huang G;Sekar D;King C (Nanoelectronics Research Center Dep, Georgia Institute of Technology, 791 Atlantic Dr. NW Atlanta, USA, Email: muhannad.nakir@mirc.gatech.edu ) : 3D integrated circuits: liquid cooling and power delivery. IETE Tech Rev 2009, 26(6), 407-16.

Three-dimensional (3D) integration of ICs provides unique opportunities to improve bandwidth, latency, and power dissipation bottlenecks of interconnects (both on- and off-chip). However, while 3D IC integration improves signal interconnection, it also presents new challenges, especially in power delivery and cooling ("thermal interconnects"). The focus of this paper is on some of the key challenges and promising technologies to address power delivery, cooling, and signaling in a 3D stack of logic ICs.

11 illus, 40 ref