014126   Himabindu A;Srihari D;Rajasekhar M;Sudhavani V;Subbarammamma P;Uma Krishna K (Horticultural Research Station, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural Univ, Venkataramannagudem-534 101, Email: himabindu291188@gmail.com) : Genetic divergence studies of indigenous mango cultivars of coastal Andhra Pradesh using Mahalanobis D<. Green Fmg 2016, 7(5), 1066-69.

An experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Station, Venkataramannagudem, Andhra Pradesh to analyze the genetic diversity among thirty four cultivars using Mahalanobis D² statistic for thirty quantitative characters in mango. Total phenols followed by fruit skin thickness, fruit weight and pulp weight contributed maximum towards genetic divergence. The thirty four mango cultivars were grouped into 6 clusters. Among all the clusters, clusters I was the largest containing 29 genotypes, the clusters II, III, IV, V and VI were mono genotypic. The mutual relationships between the clusters revealed that inter-cluster distance values were greater than - 260 - intra-cluster values. The intra-cluster D² values ranged from 0.00 (Cluster II, III, IV, V and VI) to 248.08 (Cluster I). The inter-cluster D² values varied from 708.87 (between cluster IV and V) to 2972.61(between cluster III and VI). The high intra and inter cluster distances indicates the presence of wide genetic diversity among the genotypes present within cluster and between the clusters respectively.

2 illus, 4 tables, 5 ref

014125   Hemlata Kumari;Nikhil Kumar;Mukesh Kumar; Rashmi Kumari (Plant Breeding and Genetics Dep, Bihar Agricultural Univ, Sabour, Bhagalpur-813 210, Email: hemalata.sabour@gmail.com) : Studies on combining ability and gene action for yield and quality traits in baby corn (Zea mays L.). J appl nat Sci 2016, 8(3), 1349-55.

An investigation was carried out to assess the combining ability and nature of gene action in baby corn (Zea mays L.) genotypes, by making crosses of eight inbred lines namely, HKI 3209, SML 1, EC 595979, CM 128, VQL 1, G 18 seq C5 F 76-2-2-1-1-2-BBB, HKI 209, in diallel mating design (without reciprocal crosses) by following Griffing Model-I and Method-II during rabi season 2013-14 at the experimental farm of BAC, Sabour, Bhagalpur (Bihar). The crosses were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) to assess the combining ability and nature of gene action. Based on general combining ability, parents CM 128 and VQL 1 were best parent for breeding programme for yield and quality improvement. The specific combining ability also indicates that hybrid CM128 x VQL1 was best specific combiner for baby corn yield (4.11q/ha), fodder yield (50.91q/ha) as well as for better quality. The crosses CM 128 x HKI 209 recorded the high mean (7.35%) and SCA effects (2.57 °Brix) for qual-ity traits. The gene action analysis also revealed preponderance of non-additive gene action for yield and its contrib-uting characters.

5 tables, 21 ref

014124   Harwinder Kaur;Ram H (Plant Breeding and Genetics Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana-141 004, Email: kaurharwinder46@yahoo.com) : Nitrogen management of wheat cultivars for higher productivity. J appl nat Sci 2017, 9(1), 133-43.

The increased population pressure has led to the maximum use of chemical fertilizers especially in the major crops such as rice, wheat and maize production. India has an ever growing population needing food and also the growing urban middle class with higher standards of living is on the lookout for better quality product. The introduction of improved seeds increases the utility of traditional inputs and their consumption as well. Because of genetic variation, BVC 223, Qingnong 8, IPA99, CT 01217, Luomai 8, Seher 06, Sistan, Punjab 2011, Rasco 2005, PBW 343, Halna, - 259 - HP 1744, VL Gehun 892, WH 1022, PBW 621, and PBW 550 cultivars of wheat crop differ in growth and development behaviour and respond higher to different nitrogen management practices. However, ever increasing prices of Nitrogen (N) fertilizers and possibilities of environmental pollution and groundwater contamination warn for their judicious and efficient use. The application of essential plant nutrients particularly N nutrient in optimum quantity (120-150 kg/ha) and right proportion (3-4 splits) through correct methods and time of application (LCC and green seeker based) is the key to increased and sustained crop production. The increase in quality due to nitrogen fertilization (120-330 kg/ha) may be due to its role in activation of cells division, metabolic and photosynthesis process and nutritive status of wheat plant. Keeping in view above all facts in mind, performance of wheat cultivars as influenced by different nitrogen rates will be discussed in this review.

^iia14 tables, 94 ref

014123   Gupta H R;Kanawjia S K;Salooja M K;Sharma P; Kumar A (Dairy Technology Div, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132 001, Email: hrgndri@gmail.com) : Physico-chemical and microbiological quality changes in cocoa and whey protein enriched functional dairy drink during storage. Indian J Dairy Sci 2017, 70(3), 287-93.

Cocoa and whey protein enriched functional dairy drink was subjected to storage studies at refrigeration temperature 4±1° C in the present study. The samples were studied for microbial and physicochemical tests during storage. The results in this study suggest that the product can be stored upto 18 days at 4±1° C. A decrease in pH from 7.01 to 6.49 for whey protein enriched product and from 6.94 to 6.41 in case of cocoa & whey protein enriched product was observed at the end of shelf life. The FFA increased from 0.72 to 1.46 meq./ml at the end of shelf life of 18 days in case of whey protein enriched product and from 1.16 to 2.02 meq./ml in case of cocoa & whey protein enriched product. An increase in the HMF content of the functional drink was recorded from 59.84 to 134.56 μ mol/l at the end of 18 days of storage in case of whey protein enriched product and from 1.16 to 2.02 μ mol/l in case of cocoa & whey protein enriched product. The total bacterial counts and yeast and mould counts were increased from 3.14 to 6.48 log cfu/ml and 1.14 to 2.10 log cfu/ml respectively in whey protein enriched functional drink. The coliform count was observed nil in both the variants of the functional dairy drink of throughout the storage period.

2 illus, 5 tables, 21 ref

014122   Gupta A;Sarangi A;Singh D K;Parihar S S; Varghese C (Agricultural Engineering Dep, ICAR-IARI, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110 012, Email: ajitagupta2012@gmail.com) : Software for crop coefficient estimation and irrigation scheduling. Green Fmg 2016, 7(5), 1186-91.

A software "Crop Coefficient Estimator and Irrigation Scheduler (CCEIS)" was developed for crop coefficient estimation and irrigation scheduling of wheat, maize, soybean and mustard crop using JAVA - 258 - programming language. The background data base of the software comprised of crop coefficients of mustard, wheat, maize and soybean acquired from lysimeter experiment. It was developed using water budgeting protocol in which irrigation scheduling is suggested based on crop evapotranspiration and soil moisture information. The CCEIS software comprised of a computational module, graphic user interface (GUI) and background databases. Computational module includes calculation methods for estimation of crop coefficient values and preparation of irrigation schedules which uses soil parameters, crop parameters, climatic parameters and irrigation methods as input data. CCEIS software was tested under different scenario to predict crop evapotranspiration and irrigation scheduling of selected crops. Developed software is user-friendly having flexibility of periodic updation which can be used for judicious irrigation scheduling for enhancing water productivity of crops and cropping system of the region.

8 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

014121   Gulcu S;Akcakaya M;Bilir N (Forestry Faculty, Suleyman Demirel Univ, Isparta, TR-32260, Turkey, Email: nebibilir@sdu.edu.tr) : Genetic variation in anatolian black pine (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana. (Lamb.) Holmboe.) populations in Turkey. J envir Biol 2016, 37(2), 261-5.

The present study was carried out in a progeny trial established by ten population of Anatolian black pine [Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe.] to estimate genetic variation, heritability, genetic gain and also genetic and phenotypic correlations among the characters based on 9th year results of tree height and branch characters in the trial. Average tree height was 112.7 cm in polled population, while average of branch characters were generally similar. The results of ANOVA showed statistically significant difference (0.05<62>p) among the population for characters. Family x population interaction was also found statistically significant. Variation among family was lower than that of within families for the characters. Family mean heritability (0.65<60>h_f²) was higher than individual heritability (0.42<60>h_i²) for the characters. Genetic variation among population showed low ratio in total variation, while it was very high among and within the families. It emphasized importance of individual selection in breeding programme. Phenotypic correlation was statistically significant between tree height and branch diameter only. It was also highest in genotypic correlation (r=0.81).

5 tables, 19 ref

014120   Goyal M;Verma U (Mathematics and Statistics Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar, Haryana, Email: vermas21@hotmail.com) : Zonal trend-agrometerological models for wheat yield estimation in Haryana. J appl nat Sci 2016, 8(3), 1485-92.

An attempt has been made to assess the impact of weather variables for district-level wheat yield esti-mation in Haryana. Fortnightly weather data and trend based yield were used for developing the zonal trend-agrometeorological (agromet) models within the framework of multiple linear regression and discriminant func-tion analyses. The district level wheat yield forecasts, percent deviations from the real time wheat yield (s) and root mean square error(s) at zonal level show a preference of using discriminant/weather scores as regressors in almost all the considered districts of the state. Zonal trend-agromet models pro-vided considerable improvement in district-level wheat yield prediction moreover the yield estimates may be ob-tained 4-5 weeks in advance of the harvest time. The estimated yield(s) from the selected zonal models showed good agreement with State Department of Agriculture (DOA) wheat yields by showing less than 5 percent deviations in 9 districts and 6-11 percent deviations in the remaining 9 districts under consideration.

3 illus, 6 tables, 14 ref

014119   Gowsalya P;Kumaresan D;Packiaraj D;Bapu J R K (Pulses Dep, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, Email: dkumaresan1@rediffmail.com) : Genetic divergence in blackgram [Vigna mungo (L) Hepper]. Indian J agric Res 2017, 51(2), 184-7.

Eighty genotypes of blackgram comprising landraces, varieties and local cultivars collecgted from different locations were studied for genetic divergence by using D² statistic. The genotypes were grouped into twelve clusters, cluster I had maximum of 41 genotypes followed by cluster V and VI with 11 genotypes in each. Clusters VIII, XI and XII had one genotype each. The maximum intra cluster distance was found in cluster I. The divergence within the cluster indicates the divergence among the genotypes in the same cluster. Maximum inter-cluster distance was found between cluster III and XI followed by cluster XI and VII, XI and X, XI and III, indicating efficient breeding program can be undertaken to improve productivity and other yield attributes by exploiting heterosis breeding program by selecting superior genotypes in segregating generation. Number of branches, plant height, 100 seed weight and number of cluster per plant had maximum contribution to divergence. Cluster VI had highest mean value for seeds per pod, clusters per plant and pods per plant. Cluster IV recorded highest mean value for seed yield per plant and number of branches per plant. Due importance should be given for these traits for selection of parents for efficient breeding programmes. Lu 18 and VZM 189/65 may serve as potential parents in getting transgressive segregants.

1 illus, 5 tables, 11 ref

014118   Gowda S N S;Saravanan K;Ravishankar C R (Zonal Agricultural Research Station, (U.A.S., Bangalore), V.C. Farm, Mandya, Karnataka) : Genetic variability, heritability and - 256 - genetic advance in selected clones of sugarcane. Pl Archs 2016, 16(2), 700-4.

Thirty sugarcane clones were tested during August season of 2008-09 and 2009-10 in a randomized complete block design with two replications at Zonal Agricultural Research Station. V.C. Farm, Mandya, Karnataka (India) to study the variability parameters for cane yield and quality traits in plant and ratoon crops. The observations were recorded for cane yield components viz., number of tillers, number of millable cane, stalk length, stalk diameter, single stalk weight, internodal length, number of internodes, juice brix per cent, juice pol per cent, juice purity per cent, CCS per cent, sugar yield and cane yield. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences between genotypes for all the characters studied. Wide range of variation was observed for number of tillers, number of millable cane stalk diameter, cane and sugar yield and for quality traits, juice brix per cent, juice pol per cent and CCS per cent in both plant and ratoon crops. Maximum genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were exhibited by number of tillers, single stalk weight, sugar yield and cane yield in both plant and ratoon crops. Among quality characters lowest values for both coefficients were recorded by purity per cent in both plant and ratoon crops. Maximum genetic gain as per cent of mean was observed for number of tillers, number of millable cane, sugar and cane yield in plant crops. Whereas, in ratoon crop highest genetic gain as per cent of mean was recorded for number of tillers, single stalk weight, sugar and cane yeield. All characters showed high heritability which suggests that selection should be in both plant and ratoon crops based on yield contributing characters having high PCV, GCV, heritability and genetic advance along with mean value.

3 tables, 17 ref

014117   Goudappanavar B;Patil D R;Hipparagi K; Gandolkar K;Patil S N;Naik R;Mahesh S (Fruit Science Dep, Horticultural Sciences Univ, Bagalkot-587 103, Email: balesh072@gmail.com ) : Effect of srtructured water and fertilizer on growth and quality of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Manjri naveen. Green Fmg 2016, 7(5), 1170-5.

A field experiment on effect of structured water and fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cv Manjri Naveen was carried out during 2014-2015 at Main Horticultural Research and Extension Centre, University of Horticultural Sciences, Udyanagiri, Bagalkot. The experiment consisted of types of water (structured water and bore well water) and five levels of fertilizer (100, 90, 80, 70, 60% of the RDF) and was laid out in split plot design. Among the types of water, structured water recorded significantly highest internodal length and girth of the fruiting shoot at 45th and 90th days (4.83 cm, 5.35 cm and 0.59 cm, 0.74 cm) respectively, Among the levels of fertilizer, 100% RDF per vine was recorded significantly highest internodal length and girth of the fruiting shoot at 45th and 90th days (6.05 cm, 6.52 cm and 0.72 cm, 0.85 cm) respectively, However, the interaction effect between types of water and levels of fertilizer at 90th days after foreword pruning in structured water recorded significantly highest internodal length (6.70 cm) and girth (0.92 cm) of the fruiting shoot.

5 tables, 21 ref

014116   Goswami B K;Singh A (Amity Centre for Biocontrol & Plant Disease Management, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, Email: bgoswami@amity.edu) : (NULL). Pl Archs 2016, 16(2), 893-6.

During a series of systematic surveys of vegetable crops in and around Gautam Buddha Nagar, U.P. were found to be badly damaged by soil borne maladies referred as 'hot spots' having been dominated by major diseases viz., wilt/rot causing fungi and also phytonematodes on both transplantable vegetables like tomato, brinjal, cabbage, chili crops while okra as an example for directly seeded ones. The work was mainly concentrated on soil microflora status of 'hot spots' in regards to soil borne maladies particularly fingal and phytonematodes. Under this 'land to lab' based study confining to survey, isolation, identification and percentage count of soil borne major pathogens halped in providing useful baseline data responding to soil health which in turn, shall also assist in selecting fields under investigation to be treated as 'sick or healthy fields'. Accordingly vegetable growers shall be guided as to which crops are advisable to cultivate in their fields under investigation and which others are not to be encouraged on the basis of host and non-host in respect to high percentage count of specific soil borne maladies out of above stated ones.

2 tables, 23 ref

014115   Goswami A P;Vishunavat K;Mohan C;Ravi S (Seed Science and Technology Dep, Govind Ballabh Pant Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263 145, Email: ajaypuristudent@gmail.com) : Effect of seed coating, storage periods and storage containers on soybean (Glycine max (L.) merrill) seed quality under ambient conditions. J appl nat Sci 2017, 9(1), 598-602.

Soybean seed is classified as "poor storer" as it loses viability under warm and humid conditions and is invaded by storage fungi. The seed of soybean variety PS 1347, obtained from Breeder Seed Production Centre, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar was used for storage study. Root length (cm), shoot length (cm), seedling fresh weight (g) and seedling dry weight (g) decreases with the increase in seed storage periods. Out of all chemical treatments, Flowable thiram @ 2.4 ml/kg (T₂) and Polymer + vitavax 200 @ 2g/kg seed (T₅) were found effective to maintain Seedling root length, shoot length, seedling fresh weight and seedling dry weight by producing vigorous - 255 - seedlings. Seeds stored in cloth bags exhibited higher seed infection than in seed stored in polythene bags, irrespective of seed treatment and period of storage. Treatment T₄ (Vitavax 200 @ 2 g/kg seed)and T₅(Polymer + vitavax 200 @ 2 g/kg seed) exhibited minimum percent seed infection of Aspergillus flavus. Cloth bag was not found safe for longer storage of soybean seeds under ambient storage at Pantnagar.

1 table, 19 ref

014114   Gomah N H;Saddek N H;Osman D M (Dairy Science Dep, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut Univ, Assiut, Egypt, Email: nanis2000eg@yahoo.com) : Potential of yeasts as biocontrol agent of fungal growth on the surface of ras cheese. Indian J Dairy Sci 2017, 70(3), 317-23.

The antifungal activity of seven selected yeast strains namely Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida sake, Candida tropicalis, Candida utilis, Pichia anomala, Pichia membranifaciens and Pichia guillermondii against five species of fungi (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus ustus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigates and Penicillium sp.) previously isolated from the surface of commercial Egyptian Ras Cheese were tested using diffusion method on agar plates. The ability of yeasts to produce lipase, caseinas and lactase enzymes were also examined. All the studied yeast strains were applied separately as life cells and as heat-killed cells on the surface of laboratory manufactured Ras Cheese discs before covering with wax to investigate their inhibitory effect on growth of cheese contaminant fungi during storage for six months under ripening conditions. The obtained results indicated that all the examined yeast strains showed varied degrees of growth inhibition against all the studied molds cultivated on agar plates. Adherence of life yeast cells on the surface of Ras Cheese discs were more effective in reducing or preventing growth of the contaminant molds than killed yeast cells. Most of the studied yeasts were not able to produce hydrolytic enzymes and the sensory evaluation test of the treated cheese samples showed good acceptability after six months of storage.

1 illus, 5 tables, 39 ref

014113   Gol J;Rao K J (Dairy Technology Section, NDRI (SRS), Adugodi, Bangalore-560 030, Email: jayshram@yahoo.com) : Study of parameters for process standardisation of Surati panir manufacture. Indian J Dairy Sci 2017, 70(3), 258-72.

Surati panir is an Indian variety of soft cheese. It is one of the rare varieties which originated in India and not much work has been reported so far on this product. In order to optimise manufacture process, various parameters viz. casein/fat ratio of cheese milk, level of calcium chloride addition, selection and rate - 254 - of addition for starter culture, incubation temperature and rate of addition for rennet, rate of salt addition, soaking medium and soaking duration were studied and optimised by keeping one parameter varying and others constant. Based on sensory analysis, textural analysis and yield, most suitable parameters were selected for optimised process of Surati panir. Surati panir was prepared from the optimized procedure and its physico-chemical and compositional aspects recorded. Characteristics of optimised Surati panir in the form of sensory parameters were also described. The average TS, moisture, fat, lactose, protein, ash and salt contents were: 28.74%, 71.26%, 11.66%, 0.40%, 14.28%, 2.21% and 1.32% respectively.

3 illus, 7 tables, 25 ref

014112   Ghosh A;Dey K;Bhowmick N;Ghosh S K; Bandyopadhyay S;Medda P S;Ghosh A (Pomology and Post Harvest Technology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia-741 252, Email: ghoshranasonai@gmail.com) : Lemon cv. Assam lemon (Citrus limon Burm.). Curr Sci 2017, 112(10), 2051-65.

Field experiment was laid out in two factorial randomized block design with four levels of pruning and sevel levels of nutrients, consisting, recommended dose of fertilizers and different combinations of organic manure (vermicompost), inorganic fertilizer, bio-fertilizer (azotobacter), mycorrhiza (VAM) and their interaction between 2013 and 2015 on 9-years-old lemon plants. Studies revealed that all physicochemical parameters, viz. fruit weight, puncture force, total soluble solid, total sugar, ascorbic acid were highest in (P₃N₄) combination of higher level of pruning. However, the maximum availability of leaf and soil nutrients was recorded in N₄.

10 tables, 36 ref

014111   Ghodpage P M;Mhaske A R;Balpande S S; Mundafale H R (Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Section, College of Agriculture, Nagpur-444 001, Email: rmghodpage@yahoo.in) : Impact of treated sewage effluent on soil properties and rabi vegetables crops. Green Fmg 2016, 7(5), 1200-3.

Field experiment was conducted to the response of treated sewage effluent on soil properties and vegetable crops. DTPA extractable micronutrient status of soil was increased under irrigated with treated sewage water by 1.19 and 1.09 times higher in Zn and Fe than soil irrigated with well water. However, Mn showed depleted by 0.96 times than the soil irrigated with well water. Value of Ni and Pb recorded the highest than the Co and Cd in soil as influenced by treated sewage water. The accumulation of the highest Cd content in leaves 0.241 mg kg^-1, Ni 6.9 mg kg^-1, Co 0.063 mg kg^-1, respectively was observed in cabbage, spinach and aster and Pb 26.14 mg kg^-1 in radish with the application of treated sewage water. Available N and P in soil with treated sewage water resulted slightly increased over soil irrigated with well water. Yield of radish resulted an increase by 8.38% with the use of treated sewage water.

5 tables, 12 ref

014110   Ghai N;Kaur Jaspreet;Jindal S K;Dhaliwal M S; Pahwa K (Botany Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana-141 001, Email: brar.brar29@ymail.com) : Physiological and biochemical response to higher temperature stress in hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). J appl nat Sci 2016, 8(3), 1133-7.

The study was conducted to evaluate the physiological and biochemical changes in some ther-motolerant and thermosensitive chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes. Fourteen chilli genotypes (SL 461, PP 404, DL 161, MS 341, VR 521, PB 405, PS 403, SD 463, FL 201, AC 102, S 343, SL 462 and SL 464 along with sensitive check [Royal Wonder of bell pepper] were evaluated for heat tolerance. The observations on morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters were recorded at 45, 65, 85 and 105 days after transplanting (DAT) (high temperature period). On the basis of our studies, genotypes S 343, AC 102 and FL 201 were found to be relatively thermotoler-ant. However, high temperature markedly decreased the photosynthetic activity of chilli plants by decreasing the photosynthetic pigments in leaf chloroplasts - 253 - of all the genotypes. The levels of ascorbic acid, total soluble sugars and total phenols increased in the leaves of all the genotypes with the maturity of the crop. Electrolyte leakage and proline content also increased with rise in temperature. Genotypes AC 102 and S 343 were able to accumulate the maximum ascorbic acid, proline, total soluble sugars and total phenols under heat stress conditions. Decrease in fruit set percent led to reduction in the total yield per plant. Maximum yield was observed in genotype S 343 followed by FL 201.

5 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref

014109   Gaur R K;Sharma S;Pathak D V;Dashad S S (NO, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural Univ, Regional Research St, Bawal-125 350, Email: drramkaran1965@gmail.com) : Integrated approach for the management of white grub and collar rot in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in South West Haryana. J appl nat Sci 2017, 9(1), 68-71.

Field experiments were conducted at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Bawal (Rewari), Haryana during Kharif seasons of 2011 and 2012. Fifteen treatments including three insecticides, one fungicide, three antagonists, one amendment and one neem formulation were evaluated in sole and combination treatments as seed dresser whereas chlorpyriphos 20 EC and poultry manure were incorporated in soil to find out effective combination for control of collar rot and white grub of groundnut. Minimum disease incidence 0.3 and 0.7 per cent and white grub infestation 1.2 and 1.5 per cent was recorded during 2011 and 2012 with seed treatment of chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 25 ml/kg seed + PM 4 @ 10 ml/kg seed + captan 3g/kg seed followed by imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 7 ml/kg seed and chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 25 ml /kg seed + Bacillus thuriengensis@ 10 ml/ kg seed + captan 3 g/kg seed. The yield was significantly (at 5% level) low (7.10 q/ha during 2011 and 6.8 q/ha during 2012) in control as compared to chlorpyriphos 20 EC + PM-4 + captan treatment (20.20 q/ha during 2011 and 19.80 q/ha during 2012) which ranked at first place. The seed treated with imidacloprid 17.8 SL 7 ml /kg seed also produced good yield in both the years and was rated as second best treatment followed by chlorpyriphos + Bacillus thurengiensis+ captan. The results obtained herein provide the foundation for an effective and sustainable programme of management for groundnut white grub and collar rot. Integrated approach having chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 25 ml/ kg seed, Pseudomonas maltophilia(PM4) @ 10 ml/kg seed and captan 3 g/kg seed was found to be most effective for control of collar rot and white grub infestation in ground nut.

2 tables, 17 ref

014108   Ganie L A;Arvind Kumar;Dua S;Raja F (Livestock Products Technology Div, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and, Sher-e-Kashmir Univ of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu-180 009, Email: drarvindlpt@gmail.com) : Efficacy of different variants of corn flour (Zea mays) and peanut flour (Arachis hypogea) on quality characteristics of designer low sodium fish (Pangasius pangasius) balls. J appl nat Sci 2017, 9(1), 375-81.

The present study was undertaken to analyze the effect of incorporation of different combinations of corn flour (Zea mays) and peanut flour (Arachis hypogea) on quality characteristics of low sodium fish (Pangasius pangasius) balls. Replacement of 50% sodium chloride by 40% KCl, 30% citric acid and 30% sucrose was optimum for preparation of low sodium fish balls. Three different levels of corn flour with peanut flour viz. 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25 were incorporated for preparation of low sodium fish balls and were compared with fish balls prepared by incorporating 10% refined wheat flour (control). On the basis of physico-chemical and sensory evaluation, emulsion stability, cooking yield and overall acceptability were significantly (p <60> 0.05) found to be higher with incorporation @75% corn flour and 25% peanut flour for preparation of low sodium fish balls. The FFA, TBA and all microbiological profile were found to be significantly (p <60> 0.05) increasing with increase in days of storage. The pH, cooking yield, FFA, TBA, total plate count, pychrotropic count, yeast and mould count, overall acceptability were found to be 5.74 ±0.14, 87.06 ± 0.43, 0.36 ± 0.01, 0.72 ± 0.19, 4.43 ± 0.12,3.74 - 252 - ± 0.2, 2.60 ± 0.2, 7.09±0.09 respectively on 21st day of refrigeration storage. The prepared designer low sodium fish balls were found to be fit for human consumption till 21st day of refrigeration storage (4±1°C).

4 tables, 43 ref

014107   Gahtyari N C;Patel P I;Choudhary R;Sudhir Kumar;Naveen Kumar;Jaiswal J P (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, G.B. Pant Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263 145, Email: navinnau.pbg@gmail.com) : Combining ability studies for yield, - 251 - associated traits and quality attributes in rice for South Gujarat (Oryza sativa L.). J appl nat Sci 2017, 9(1), 60-7.

Line x tester analysis using a set of four females, ten males and their forty hybrids was carried out to esti-mate the general combining ability of parents and specific combining ability of hybrids for yield and ten other associ-ated components in rice (Oryza sativa L.) in a Randomized Block Design during Kharif 2011. GCA variances for females (s2f) were significant at 0.1% level of significance for plant height (40.8), no. of grains per panicle (505.9), grain yield per plant (29.1), test weight(17.9), straw yield per plant (61.3) and kernel L/B ratio (0.2) whereas specific combining ability (SCA) variances for f x m interactions were highly significant for all the characters. Non-additive gene action was prevalent in all characters (Range: 0.03 in amylose content to 0.88 in kernel length breadth ratio) except plant height (1.33) as evident by low GCA to SCA ratio. None of the parents were good general combiner for all traits, however, female IR-28 and male AMT-119 and PNR-546 were good general combiners for a maximum number of traits i.e. five traits out of eleven.. The general combining ability for grain yield per plant for female parent Gurjari (6.19) and NVSR-178 (5.29); and male parents AMT 119 (2.73) and PNR 546 (2.44) makes them a good choice for improving yields in a hybridization programme as these female and male parents are also having signifi-cant GCA effects for maximum number of yield associated traits i.e. four and five traits out of eleven for female and male parents respectively. A vis-a-vis comparison of top three specific combining ability crosses with their mean performance showed correlation and these crosses were having at least one good general combining ability parent.

4 tables, 14 ref

014106   Gagandeep;Prakash R;Sanjay Kumar;Rajpaul; Satyavan;Sharma S K (Soil Science Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: ramsansanwal@gmail.com) : Ground water quality assessment for irrigation in palwal block of Palwal district, Haryana, India. J appl nat Sci 2017, 9(1), 34-8.

The study examined the quality of groundwater for agriculture purpose in a 49785 ha region comprising Palwal block of Palwal district of Haryana state by focusing on spatial variability of electrical conductivity (EC), cationic and anionic composition of CO₃^2-, HCO₃^-, Cl^-, SO₄^2-, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺ and K⁺ of the ground water. It was found 75% of the samples showed EC values up to 4 dS/m and the maximum value of EC was found as 10.55 dS/m. Out of one hundred thirty three ground water samples 34.8% were of good quality, 49.2% saline and 16.0% alkali in nature. Out of the saline water, 24.2, 1.5 and 23.5% were marginally saline, saline and high SAR saline, respectively. In alkali group, 2.3, 2.3 and 11.4% were marginally alkali, alkali and high alkali, respectively. Residual sodium carbonate (RSC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) varied from nil to 5.50 me L^-1 and 2.50 to 23.41 (m mol L^-1)^1/2, respectively. Counter map maps of EC, SAR, RSC and water quality of groundwater used for irrigation in the block were prepared through GIS to study spatial variability.

6 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

014105   Firdous S;Agarwal B K;Arvind Kumar;Wadood A; Shahi D K (Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Dep, Birsa Agricultural Univ, Ranchi-834 006, Email: sdf.ssac@gmail.com) : Study of translocation pattern of zinc at different growth stages in rice. Green Fmg 2016, 7(5), 1134-7.

A field experiment was conducted, in kharif 2012-13, at the Research Farm of Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi (Jharkhand) to study the impact of Zn application and its translocation into various plant - 250 - parts of rice. The recommended dose of N, P and K was applied at 80 N: 40 P2O5: 30 K2O kg ha^-1 with soil application of Zn at the rates of 0, 5, 10 kg ha^-1 as ZnSO₄. H₂O and 5 Kg Zn ha^-1 along with 2 foliar applications (0.5%) at tillering and before flowering stage. The concentration of zinc was monitored at tillering, pre-flowering and panicle initiation and maturity stages. At tillering stage concentration was determined considering whole plant. Thereafter, at the pre-flowering stage, plant parts were divided into lower leaf, upper leaf and stem in which the Zn concentration was recorded. At panicle initiation stage plant part was divided into lower leaf, middle leaf, upper leaf, panicle and stem whereas straw, brown rice and husk were considered at maturity stage. The pooled data revealed that the magnitude of Zn concentration (mg kg-1) in different plant parts was found in an order; upper leaf (36.2 - 42.7) <60> lower leaf (42.8 - 48.5) <60> stem (68.6 - 75.1) at pre- flowering stage while at panicle initiation stage the order was middle leaf (13.6- 17.9) <60> upper leaf (16.9 - 18.2) <60> stem (19.2 - 25.2) <60> panicle (21.1 - 25.7) <60> lower leaf (20.0 - 34.2). At maturity the magnitude of Zn concentration was found in an order; husk (22.9 - 24.3) <60> brown rice (21.6- 25.1) <60> straw (67.7 - 74.7) was recorded. Highest concentration and translocation of zinc was recorded in all stages and all plant parts where application of 5 kg Zn ha^-1 + 2 foliar sprays of ZnSO₄. H₂O (0.5%). The translocation of zinc was higher in stem and straw than other plants parts, particularly at maturity.

1 illus, 6 tables, 18 ref

014104   Dutta P;Dey K;Ghosh A;Bhowmick N;Ghosh A (Pomology and Post-Harvest Technology Dep, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar-736 165, Email: mithi.rani11@gmail.com) : Effect of edible coatings for enhancing shelf-life and quality in ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.) fruits. J appl nat Sci 2016, 8(3), 1421-6.

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of post-harvest application of different edible coatings like Chitosan (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%), Guar gum (1%, 1.5%, 2%), Gum tragacanth (1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%) on shelf life and quality of cv. BAU ber. Fruits of uniform size were harvested at physiological maturity and treated with various edible coatings. Observations were recorded at intervals of 4 days from storage on physiological loss in weight, fruit length, breadth, colour, TSS, total sugar, reducing sugar, acidity, and Ascorbic acid. The results revealed that coat-ing of fruits resulted in reduced loss in fruit weight and higher level of ascorbic acid content, TSS, acidity, total sugar, reducing sugar as compared to the fruits under control. The most effective coating was Guar gum (2%) that extended the shelf life of ber up to 16 days due to its good barrier properties to water and gas. Fruits under control had a shelf life of only 10 days.

9 tables, 18 ref

014103   Dhiman M R;Suman R S;Moudgil S S;Agarwal S K; Raj Kumar (NO, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Katrain, Kullu-Valley-175 129) : Analyzing the knowledge level of lilium growers of Lahaul valley of Himachal Pradesh, India. Pl Archs 2016, 16(2), 675-8.

Lahaul valley of Himachal Pradesh has enormous potential for development of floriculture, as the climatic condition prevalent in this area favours renumerative returns from these crops. Lilium cultivation due to its profitable nature has recently came into vague. As the farmers in these areas are majorly depended on agriculture, these low volume high income crops can help these people in their better sustenance. The current study was conducted in Kuthvihal, Gondhla and Daland regions of Lahaul district of Himachal Pradesh with a view to acquaint farmers regarding the cultivation of lilium and analyze the knowledge behaviour of people of these areas with a participatory approach. 40 respondents, which represented their respective communities, were selected on the ground of their knowledge about lilium flower and bulb production technology, age, level of education and occupational stutus. All the parameters apart from education level of farmers showed significant association with the knowledge behaviour of farmers.

2 illus, 4 tables, 5 ref

014102   Dhayal B L;Mehta B M (NO, Agriculture Scientist (Extension Education) Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Vadodara, Gujarat) : Knowledge and adoption level of improved animal husbandry practices by milk producers in Chhotaudaipur district of Gujarat. J Agric Ext Mgmt 2016, 17(2), 11-23.

Livestock are an integral part of agriculture in India and are likely to be the instruments of future growth and development of the agricultural sector. They generate employment, provide draught power, manure and earn foreign exchange through exports. Additionally, livestock make substantial contributions to environmental conservation and provide domestic fuel to save on the use of petro-products. Although the per capita consumption of foods of animal origin is low in India, demand has been rising due to the growing human population, sustained growth in per capita incomes and increasing urbanization. Dairying is an integral part of the Indian economy providing subsistence to small and marginal farmers and landless laborers. Most of the rural farmers, who keep dairy animals, do not follow modern dairy management practices. This study was conducted on knowledge and adoption level of improved animal husbandry practices and constraints faced by farmers. Result revealed that majority of dairy farmers (53%) had medium knowledge level, whereas 22 per cent and 25 per cent dairy farmers were having low and high knowledge level about improved animal husbandry practices, respectively. Majority of the members (51%) were found to be - 249 - medium adopters, while 27 per cent were low adopters and 22 per cent of the members were high adopters.

5 tables, 18 ref

014101   Dhami A J;Parmar S C;Hadiya K K;Patel J A; Parmar C P (Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics Dep, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, AAU, Anand-388 001, Email: ajdhami@aau.in) : Dairy husbandry practices and problems of dairy farmers of tribal and non-trbial areas of middle Gujarat. Indian J Dairy Sci 2017, 70(3), 351-56.

A field survey was conducted to collect information on dairy animal husbandry practices followed and reproductive problems faced by the dairy farmers in tribal and non-tribal areas of Middle Gujarat. Through mass contact programmes at doorstep, the information on land holding, agriculture and occupational practices of 2883 livestock farmers and reproductive and productive parameters of 10726 animals were obtained. The percentages of landless, small, medium and large - 248 - landholder dairy farmers in tribal area (Mahisagar district) were 23.43, 66.16, 7.92 and 2.47, whereas the corresponding figures in non-tribal area (Anand district) were 0.89, 49.08, 41.44 and 18.60, respectively. The irrigation facility for agriculture through canal was up to 81 and 99 per cent in tribal and non-tribal areas, whereas the corresponding primary occupation of agriculture with animal keeping was up to 76.57 and 99.11 per cent. No zebu cattle were found in tribal area. The mean calving interval and postpartum estrus interval were shorter in crossbred cows than in zebu cattle and buffaloes and both were longer in animals of tribal areas than the non-tribal areas. Among 298, 3244 and 7184 zebu cattle, crossbreds and buffaloes surveyed, 21.81, 22.84 and 33.77 per cent animals had different reproductive problems. The problem of silent heat was higher in buffaloes including heifers of tribal areas. The percentages of anoestrus and repeat breeding were comparatively higher in cows and buffaloes of tribal areas as compared to non-tribal areas. The average milk yield/day was higher in crossbred cows followed by buffaloes and zebu cows and it was also higher in animals of non-tribal areas. The mean lactation length was longer in buffaloes and crossbred cows than the zebu cows and also in animals of non-tribal areas. No difference was found in breeding (>99% through AI) and feeding practices of green (14-15 kg), dry (6-7 kg) fodder and concentrate (2-4 kg) in tribal and non-tribal areas. The higher percentages of cows in non-tribal area (46 vs 22) and buffaloes in tribal area (20 vs 16) were supplemented with mineral mixture, and concerned farmers had a greater tendency to provide drinking water ad lib or 3 times a day. The percentage of crossbred cows and buffaloes kept in close confinement were comparatively higher in tribal areas. The findings show the difference in awareness level and facilities of farmers of two areas in dairy husbandry practices and their by productive-reproductive issues and infertility problems in their animals, that can be resolved by scientific interventions.

3 tables, 18 ref

014100   Dezfuli A A S;Dehcheshmeh S M;Rafiei F;Shirna B (Safiabad Agricultural Research and Education and Natural Resources Cen, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Dezful, Iran, Email: aashoshi@gmail.com) : Variation among Iranian alfalfa genotypes for absolute growth rates and salt stress tolerance indices. Envir Conserv J 2017, 18(1-2), 27-39.

In many parts of the world, one of the most important restricting factors in cropproduction is salinity stress. Screening and selecting tolerant genotypes based on morphological characteristics is one of the primary actions toward achieving salt tolerant varieties. In the present study, 20 genotypes of alfalfa, mostly from Iran, were evaluated in two separate experimentsin Agriculture Research Center of Safi Abad, Dezful, SW Iran, in 2014-2015. However highly significant variations were observed among genotypes in the both experiments, the results obtained from the first experiment (carried out within growth chamber) were more or less different from those obtained from the second one (carried out in a heated greenhouse) regarding to categorizing the genotypes as sensitive or tolerant. The results obtained from the growth chamber study illustrated that Nikshahri was the most tolerant genotype and Harpinger and Diablo-verde were the most sensitive ones. While in greenhouse experiment, the genotype Yazdi showed the highest tolerance and Bami showed the highest sensitivity to salt under moderate salinity stress environment. A similar trend was also found under severe salt stress conditions. Correlation analysis indicated highly significant relationships among the tolerance indices. In addition, principle component analysis revealed that the dimensions of data could be reduced to two components with explaining approximately the 99 percent of total variations among the genotypes.

2 illus, 12 tables, 37 ref

014099   Dey S;Chakraborty A (Plant Pathology Dep, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia-741 252, Email: sdey.patho@gmail.com) : Influence of agronomic practices on severity of late blight of potato (Phytophthora infestans). J appl nat Sci 2016, 8(3), 1302-5.

An experiment was carried out to find out the influence of such agronomic practices on severity of the disease and to seek a proper cultural practice for management late blight of potato (Phytophthora infestans). The experimental results showed that the severity of late blight disease could be minimized by reducing the depth of irrigation (i.e. 1/4 of - 247 - irrigation channel). It was observed that the disease severity could be minimized by increasing the row-to-row and plant-to-plant spacing (60 x 25 cm). It was also observed that when less than recommended dose of nitrogenous fertilizer (200 Kg N/ha) along with slightly more than recommended dose of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (200 Kg P₂O₅/ha and 250 Kg K₂O/ha) was applied, severity and spread of the disease was found to be under check. Therefore, for better management of late blight of potato the proper agronomic practices should be integrated with the application of fungicides. This will not only reduce the number of sprays but also reduces the health hazards owing to application of fungicides.

3 tables, 20 ref

014098   Devi N M;Shandegara V K;Devani B M;Gaibimei P (Processing and Food Engineering Dep, College of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, Junagadh Agricultura, Junagadh-362 001, Email: mandaningthoujam@gmail.com) : Different physical properties of lime and aloe vera leaf for the preparation of aloe vera fortified marmalade from lime. Green Fmg 2016, 7(5), 1236-9.

Marmalade is a jelly with pieces of fruit suspended in it and mainly consumed in pastries, households, hotels, schools and military camps. Aloe vera fortified marmalade is prepared from lime (Citrus x aurantifolia) fruits and aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) leaf. Aloe vera enhances its nutritional and medicinal values when the products is made with it. In this study some physical properties of lime such as moisture content, size in terms of length, width and thickness, volume, sphericity, peel thickness, pulp to peel ratio, juice recovery were determined. Also, the different parameters of aloe vera leaf like moisture content, physical properties namely, size in terms of length, width and thickness, leaf weight, pulp weight, pulp recovery was measured prior to the preparation of the marmalade. The average moisture content for kagzi lime, lime juice and Aloe vera were found to be 86.811, 92.235% (wb) and 97.722 and 99.035% (wb). The average size, volume and sphericity of the lime were found to be 44.24 mm and 45.61 cm and 0.961 respectively. The maximum, minimum and average juice recovery and pulp to peel ratio of the lime fruit was recorded to be 31%, 24% and 27%; 5.31, 2.62 and 4.01 respectively. The average size of aloe vera leaf was found to be 97.21 cc. The maximum, minimum and average weight of the aloe vera leaf was recorded to be 157.12 g, 121.83 g and 137.12 g. The average pulp weight and pulp recovery of the aloe vera leaf was recorded to 73.87 g and 53.77%.

4 illus, 5 tables, 6 ref

014097   Deo Shankar;Kamal Kumar;Thakur A K;Kanwar R R;Singh J (NO, Shaheed Gundadhoor College of Agricult. and Research Station (IGKV), Jagdalpur, Bastar-494 005, Email: deo1975ram@gmail.com) : Effect of planting techniques and spacing on disease & insect infestation, corm & cormel yield of bunda (Colocasia esculenta var. Esculenta) under Chhattisgarh, India. Pl Archs 2016, 16(2), 789-96.

Present investigation was carried out at Research cum Instructional Fram, Shaheed Gundadhoor College of Agriculture and Research Station, experimental field of AICRP on Tuber Crops, Jagdalpur, IGKV, Raipur (C.G.), India, during Kharif season 2016. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with two factors and three replications. First factor was planting techniques viz., A₁- Trench method and A₂- Ridge and furrow method and second factor was spacing i.e. B₁ - 90x30 cm, B₂ - 90x45 cm, B₃ - 75x30 cm, B₄ - 75x45 cm, B₅ - 60x30 and B₆ - 60x45 cm. The phytophthora blight increased with the advancement in crop age and reached to maximum at 120 DAP. Per centage of phytophthora blight was unaffected by different treatment. Incase of insect (Hairy catterpillar & Aphid) pupulation, it was also remained unaffected by different treatment during experimentation. The length of corm was significantly higher in treatment A₁ (25.17 cm) than the A₂ (9.86 cm) and in spacing treatment B₁ (31.80 cm) was recorded significantly highest corm length. In case of corm girth, treatment A₁ was produced significantly maximum corm girth than the A₂. Interaction between planting method x spacing was - 246 - recorded non significant due to different treatment in corm girth and number of corm per plant. Trench method of planting produces significantly maximum length of cormel and weight of corm per plant the ridge and furrow method. The highest value of corm and cormels yield was produced in planting method i.e. trench method than the ridge and furrow method. The highest value of corm and cormels yield was produced in planting method i.e. trench method than the ridge and furrow method and in case of spacing, 60 x 30 cm was recorded significantly maximum corm and cormels yield of bunda during experimentation. The weight loss percentage was not significantly affected due to different treatments and also their interaction. The highest B:C ratio was obtained in the treatment A₁ than the A₂. In case of interaction between, AxB and A₁ x B₅ was obtained highest B:C ratio and lowest was obtained in A₂xB₂.

5 tables, 19 ref

014096   Demirci S;Akyurt I (NO, Iskenderun Technical Univ, Marine Sciences and Technology Faculty, Hatay, 31200. Turkey, Email: sevil.demirci@gmail.com) : Size selectivity of square and diamond mesh trawl codend for fish with different body shapes. Indian J Geomar Sci 2017, 46(4), 774-9.

Size selectivity of 40 mm square mesh 50 mm diamond mesh and 44 mm nominal diamond mesh codends were determined in terms of commercial situations in the east Mediterranean bottom trawl fishery to assess the size selectivity for red mullet (Mullus barbatus), goldband goatfish (Upeneus moluccensis), brushtooth lizardfish (Saurida undosquamis), common pandora (Pagellus erythrinus) and spotted flounder (Citharus linguatula). Data was achieved by the covered codend model and was analyzed with logistic equation by the maximum likelihood method. L₅₀ values for 44 mm diamond and 40 mm square mesh codends were 13.19 and 14.14 for M. barbatus, respectively. 44 mm diamond codend appeared to have rather high L₅₀ rate for U. moluccensis. A fairly high catch length was obtained with diamond mesh for P.erythrinus on account of its body shape. Square mesh codends were suitable for P. erythrinus. High escape rates and L₅₀ values were attained with all the three codends for S. undosquamis, which has the highest economic capacity in deep trawl fishing in the region. As to 50 mm diamond mesh codends, these seemed rather too wide meshes for these species.

2 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

014095   Dehinwal A K;Pahuja S K;Shafiqurrahaman M (NO, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: ashokdehinwalccshau@gmail.com) : Genetic improvement through standard heterosis for fodder yield in single cut of forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2017, 14(1), 391-400.

A study was made in Sorghum bicolor with line x taster (6 females x 4 males) to estimate the magnitude of heterosis among different cross combinations for yield and its component traits. For this purpose, 24 specific cross combinations were developed by using 10 diverse parents during kharif season in 2014-15. These hybrids along with 10 parents and two standard checks (SSG 59-3and MFSH 4) were evaluated at two locations with two dates of sowing (Early and late sowing) during kharif season in 2015-16. The analysis of variance indicated the presence of variability among hybrids and their parents. Among male parents, HJ 541 and G 46 and among female parents, 467A and 56A showed maximum green and dry fodder yield. Maximum heterosis for green fodder yield as comparison with all the four environments over both the checks (SSG 59-3 and MFSH 4) was showed by 9A x IS 2389 (81.1% and 75.3% respectively). Alongwith green fodder yield this hybrid is also better for dry fodder yield (46.4% and 41.4% respectively) and leaf breadth (60.6% and 41.9% respectively). Hybrid 465A x HJ - 245 - 513 demonstrate better heterosis for green fodder yield (80.7%) as well as for dry fodder yield (57.7%). Hybrid 467A x G 46 show better heterosis for green fodder yield (64.7%) as well as for dry fodder yield (29.6%). This is also better for plant height, leaf length, leaf breadth and stem diameter.

5 tables, 12 ref

014094   Deepthi Kiran Y;Sumathi V;Reddy G P (Agronomy Dep, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati A.N.G.R. Agricultural Univ, Tirupati-517 502, Email: deepthi.yennam@gmail.com) : Water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency of maize as influenced by irrigation schedule and levels of nitrogen. Green Fmg 2016, 7(5), 1086-90.

Field experiments were conducted during rabi season of 2013-14 and 2014-15 at S.V. Agri. College, Tirupati. The field experiments laid out in spilt plot design with three replications by taking irrigation schedules (drip irrigation at 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 IW/CPE ratios and weekly check basin irrigation) as main plots and nitrogen levels (160, 200 and 240 kg ha^-1) as sub plots. The study revealed that plant height, dry matter, yield attributes and yield were higher when crop was irrigated at weekly by check basin method. Among the nitrogen levels, the values of all the above parameters were found to be higher with the application of nitrogen at 240 kg ha^-1. Significantly, higher water use efficiency (WUE) was recorded with irrigation through drip at 0.9 IW/CPE ratio than the other lower irrigation frequencies and weekly check basin irrigation. Crop fertilized with 240 kg N ha^-1 recorded significantly the higher WUE than that of lower nitrogen doses. Among the irrigation levels, nitrogen use efficiency was found to be higher with weekly check basin irrigation which was on par to that of drip irrigation at 0.9 IW/CPE ratio, where as in N levels the higher NUE was recorded with 200 kg ha^-1, which was significantly higher than with 240 and 160 kg ha^-1. Benefit from per rupee investment was more with irrigation schedule of 0.9 IW/CPE ratio through drip. Interaction between the irrigation schedules and N levels exerted significant influence on growth parameters like plant height, dry matter, yield attributes, yield and benefit cost ratio, while the interaction was non-significant with respect to the WUE and NUE. From the findings of the investigation, it can be concluded that scheduling irrigation by drip at 0.9 IW/CPE ratio along with 240 kg N ha^-1 was proved to be suitable combination for maximizing the yields of maize with higher WUE.

5 tables, 12 ref

014093   Deepthi B;Reddy P S S;Satyaraj Kumar A;Reddy A R (College Horticulture, Dr YSR Horticultural University, Anantharajupet, YSR-516 105, Email: bandaru.deepthi16@gmail.com) : The PCV, GCV, heritability and genetic advance in bottle gourd genotypes for yield and yield components. Pl Archs 2016, 16(2), 597-601.

Present experiment was carried out in twenty three genotypes and one check variety of bottle gourd to study the genetic variability, heritability and potential for screening suitable genotypes for future improvement programmes. The genotypes exhibited significant differences for all the traits under study. A wide range of variability along with high estimates of PCV and GCV was observed for number of primary branches per vine, node at which first male flower appearance, number of fruits per vine, fruit weight (g), fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm), yield per vine (kg), total yield (t/ha), number of seeds per fruit and 100 seed weight (g) indicating high variability available in the germplasm for these characters for further improvement. High heritability coupled with high genetic advances as per cent of mean was observed for tendril length (cm), number of primary branches, days to first male flower appearance, node at first male appeared, number of fruits per vine, fruit weight (g), fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm), yield per vine (kg), total yield (t/ha), number of seeds and 100 seed weight (g) indicated these characters had additive gene effect and therefore, these are more reliable for effective selection.

3 tables, 17 ref

014092   Deepthi B;Reddy P S S;Satyaraj Kumar A;Reddy A R (NO, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Anantharajupeta, YSR-516 1-5, Andhra Pradesh, Email: bandaru.deepthi16@gmail.com) : Character association and path coefficient analysis in bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Mol.) genotypes. Pl Archs 2016, 16(2), 531-6.

The study was conducted with 24 bottle gourd genotypes including one check variety i.e. Pusa Naveen, sown in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications in spring summer-2012 to assess the nature and magnitude of association among yield and its contributing traits in bottle gourd. Correlation studies revealed that yield per vine had significant positive association with tendril length (cm), number of nodes per vine number of primary branches per vine, total vine length (m), internodal length (cm), number of fruits per vine, fruit weight (g), fruit diameter (cm), number of seeds per fruit and 100 seed weight (g) both at phenotypic and genotypic levels indicating the importance of these traits in selection for yield and are identified as yield attributing characters. The character association revealed the overriding importance of fruit length and diameter in determining the average fruit weight. Path co-efficient analysis revealed that maximum direct contribution towards yield per vine with total vine length (m), number of fruits per vine and fruit weight (g). Hence, direct selection for total vine length (cm), number of fruits per vine and fruit weight (g) may be reliable for yield improvement in bottle gourd.

4 tables, 14 ref

014091   Deepika;Panja P (Post-Harvest Technology of Horticultural Crops Dep, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia-741 252, Email: payel.panja06@gmail.com) : Enrichment on quality of aonla (Emblica officinalis G.) fruit bars by blending. J appl nat Sci 2017, 9(1), 162-6.

The main objective of the study was to standardize enrichment of aonla pulp to develop fruit bars. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 10 treatments. Aonla pulp was blended with 25 to 75% of different fruit (mango, papaya and jackfruit) pulp viz. Aonla pulp, Aonla with mango, papaya and jackfruit in different proportion of 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3 each fruit respectively. The initial moisture content was higher in aonlapulp enriched with mango pulp in 1:3 proportions. Enrichment of aonlapulp with fruit pulp of mango, papaya and jackfruit reduced the ascorbic acid, titratable acidity and tannin content of the resultant fruit bars compared to that from pure aonla pulp, which is an indication in the reduction of astringency. Enrichment also resulted in an increase in total soluble solids, reducing, non-reducing and total sugars of the resultant fruit bars. Enrichment of aonla pulp with fruit pulp of provitamin A rich fruits like mango, papaya and jackfruit showed a rise in total - 243 - carote-noids and reduced astringency and acidity, thereby resulting in fruit bars with altered palatability and enhanced nutrition. Enriched fruit bars contained three vital antioxidants viz. Vitamin C, carotenoids and polyphenols of all the treatments, enriched fruit bar containing 25% aonlaand 75% mango (T₄) was found superior in organoleptic evaluation.

2 tables, 28 ref

014090   Deekshitha D K D;Ravindra Babu P;Lakshmipathy R (Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Dep, Agricultural College, Bapatla-522 101, Email: deekshithadwarapudi5@gmail.com) : Soil fertility and microbial activity in Bt and non-Bt cotton growing soils of Guntur district. Green Fmg 2016, 7(5), 1165-9.

To study the effect of Bt cotton on soil properties, thirty representative surface soil samples were collected under three variants (12 samples each from Bt cotton cultivated areas continuously for 2-5 years, 8-10 years and 6 samples from areas under non Bt cotton) in the cotton growing belt of Guntur district. The samples were analysed for soil chemical, physico-chemical and biological properties. All the soil samples were slightly alkaline in reaction, low in organic carbon and nitrogen, medium to high in phosphorus, very high in potassium. Microbial biomass carbon and dehydrogenase activity were more in non Bt soils compared to Bt soils. A positive correlation was noticed between dehydrogenase activity and microbial biomass carbon. The population of functional groups of bacteria was more in non Bt soils compared to Bt soils but significant differences were noticed only with respect to Rhizobium population. The differences caused by growing Bt cotton were not as large as those resulting from seasonal changes indicating that effect of Bt cotton on soil ecology was within normal variation expected in conventional agriculture.

2 illus, 5 tables, 22 ref

014089   Deb S;Bharpoda T M (Entomology Dep, B.A College of Agriculture, AAU, Anand, Gujarat-388 110, Email: debsushma@gmail.com) : Impact of meterological factors on population of major insects pests in tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. under middle Gujarat condition. J Agrometeorol 2017, 19(3), 251-4.

Investigation on major insect pests in tomato was carried out at Agronomy Farm, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during rabi seasons of 2012-13 and 2013-14. Whitefly population was noticed from 39th standard meteorological week (SMW) with maximum population in 45th - 242 - SMW (2.72 whiteflies/3 compound leaves). Aphid population was noticed from 42nd SMW with highest peak in 52nd SMW (0.98). Maximum larval population of leaf miner was observed in 48th SMW with number of larva 0.86 per 3 compound leaves. The activity of Helicoverpa armigera commenced from 39th SMW with larval population in the range of 0.12 to 1.86 per 3 twigs. Correlation study was carried out to find out impact of abiotic factors on the activity of insect pests. Wind speed on whitefly, H. armigera, leaf miner, spider; maximum temperature on aphid and spider; evening relative humidity on whitefly, aphid, leaf miner and evaporation on aphid were key abiotic factors influencing significantly on the fluctuation of the pests.

2 table, 7 ref

014088   Deb P;Patil V D;Das B (Soil Science & Agril Chemistry Dep, V.N. Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani-431 402, Email: paramit11@gmail.com) : Effect of potassium and micronutrient on growth, productivity, profitability and quality of greengram under vertisol. Green Fmg 2016, 7(5), 1176-80.

A field experiment was conducted during 2013-14 at experimental farm of Department of Soil Science and Argil. Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, Maharastra, to find out the effect of potassium and micronutrient on growth, productivity, profitability and quality of greengram under vertisol. The experiment was laid out in RBD replicated thrice with 8 different treatments of inorganic fertilizers and micronutrients. The maximum plant height and leaf area were obtained with treatment RDF + 50 kg K₂O ha^-1 + Grade II (0.5%) micronutrient in all the growth stages. The seed yield (kg ha^-1), stover yield (kg ha^-1) number of pods (per plant), number of nodules(per plant), fresh weight of nodules (per plant), biomass production (g plant^-1),dry weight of roots, root length were at higher magnitude when green gram received RDF + 50 kg K₂O ha^-1 + Grade I micronutrient followed by application of RDF + 50 kg K₂O ha^-1 + Grade II foliar spray.The highest protein content (19.21%) and seed index (5.19) was recorded by application of RDF + 50 kg K₂O ha^-1 + Grade II (0.5%) micronutrient. GMR and NMR were maximum when greengram received RDF + 50 kg K₂O ha^-1 + Grade I micronutrient application. However, the C: B ratio was higher in treatment RDF + 25 kg K₂O. Combined application of 20 kg N ha^-1, 50 kg P2O5 ha^-1 and 25 kg or 50 kg K₂O ha^-1 + Grade I micronutrient (10 kg ha^-1) or Grade II foliar spray (0.5%) found superior over only N and P application in greengram which increased in respect of growth, productivity, profitability and quality.

6 tables, 11 ref

014087   Dash S K;Gupta A K;Singh A;Virendra Kumar; Shivahre P R;Singh M (Animal Genetics and Breeding Dep, College of Veterinary Sciences, GADVASU, Ludhiana, Punjab, Email: shaktikant07@gmail.com) : Logistic regression analysis for prediction of stayability of Karan fries crossbred cattle. Indian J Dairy Sci 2017, 70(2), 247-50.

A dairy cow with poor fertility is likely to be culled voluntarily from the herd thus affecting the overall profitability of the farm. Standardization of voluntary waiting period (VWP) would help in making important managerial decisions regarding post-partum breeding of the animals and estimating pregnancy rate. Present investigation was carried out with the purpose of VWP standardization for daughter pregnancy rate (DPR) estimation and prediction of stayability upto 3 - 241 - lactations (STAY3) and 4 lactations (STAY4) on the basis of first lactation 305 day milk yield (F305MY) and first lactation daughter pregnancy rate (FDPR) performance using logistic regression (LR). ROC (receiver operating characteristic) analysis revealed that the area under curve of 65.44% for STAY3 and 58.48% for STAY4. Odd ratio estimates indicated that the cows with production performance around 3661.10 kg had 2.67 and 1.60 times greater chance of stayability than cows whose production level was around 2677.50 kg and 3133.70 kg, respectively. The odds ratio estimates indicated that the cows with higher production performance had greater chance of staying in the herd in comparison to cows with superior fertility performance. LR analysis helped in identifying the optimum levels of first lactation fertility and production performance levels for Karan Fries cattle.

2 illus, 3 tables, 7 ref

014086   Dar Z A;Lone A A;Sunil N;Sivaraj N;Zafar G; Makdoomi M I;Gazal A;Elahi B A;Ali G;Habib M;Wani M A (NO, Dryland Agriculture Research Station, Budgam, SKUAST-K-190025, Jammu & Kashmir, Email: zahoorpbg@gmail.com) : Diversity analysis of maize inbred lines using DIVA-GIS under temperate ecologies. J appl nat Sci 2016, 8(3), 1576-83.

The vagaries of Climate Change variability need to be addressed and as climatic conditions change at particular experimental sites and maize producing regions, mega-environment assignments will need to be re-assessed to guide breeders to appropriate new germplasm and target environments. The development of improved germplasm to meet the needs of future generations in light of climate change and population growth is of the up-most importance. Evaluation of the inbred lines from diverse ecosystems would be effective for production of lines with resilience towards climate variability. Hence, with this objective diverse set of inbred lines sourced from all over India were characterized and were evaluated with DIVA-GIS for diversity analysis of maize inbred lines. Grid maps generated for these maize inbred lines for eleven quantitative traits indicated that these lines can be sourced from North and South India. High Shannon diversity index with maximum range of 2.17-3.0, 2.25-3.0, 2.36-3.0, 2.4-4.0, 2.0- 3.0, and 2.2-3.0 were recorded for the traits viz; plant height, ear height, grain weight, grain yield, kernel row and protein content respectively indicating the high response of these traits to ecosystem. However, inbred lines were found to be diverse for all the traits except for ears plant^-1 (EPP) and they have been sourced from Northern and Southern parts of India while for EPP recorded less diversity index range of 0.4-1.0 indicating source from South India. Interestingly, less diverse inbred lines for all the eleven quantitative traits have been sourced from Indo-gangetic plains as indicated in diversity grid maps. Maximum diversity indices were recorded for anthesis silking interval (ASI), days to silking, days to tasseling, which are in the range of 0.97-2.0, 1.528-2.0, 1.516-2.0 and 1.528- 2.0 respectively. Hence, DIVA-GIS enabled identification of diverse sources from varied ecosystems which can be used for developing improved lines/ cultivars with greater resilience towards climate change.

4 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

014085   Dar M D;Aggarwal R;Samanpreet Kaur (Soil and Water Engineering Dep, PAU, Ludhiana-141 004, Email: mehrajudindar24@gmail.com) : Effect of climate change scenarios on yield and water balance components in rice-wheat cropping system in Central Punjab, India. J Agrometeorol 2017, 19(3), 226-9.

The study focuses on simulating the effect of climate change under RCP4.5 scenario on irrigation requirements,crop yield, crop duration, and water -use efficiency of rice-wheat cropping system with DSSAT v 4.6.1 model at Ludhiana. Model simulations predict reduction in irrigation requirements for rice crop and increase in irrigation requirements for wheat crop under RCP 4.5 scenarios. Also reductions in crop yields in future associated with shortening of growth period due to increased temperature were - 240 - predicted by the model. Increased rainfall in future would decrease irrigation water requirement of crops but would not offset the adverse effect of increased temperature. Although evapotranspiration would decrease towards end of the century, yet relatively more decrease in yield would lower water use efficiency.

4 table, 9 ref

014084   Dar E A;Yousef A;Brar A S (Agronomy Dep, College of Agriculture Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana-141 004, Email: darajaz9@gmail.com) : Comparison and evaluation of selected evapotranspiration models for Ludhiana district of Punjab. J Agrometeorol 2017, 19(3), 274-6.

^ssc2 table, 11 ref

014083   Dabral H;Baskheti D C;Singh R K (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, College of Agriculture, Govind Ballabh Pant Univ of Agriculture and Te, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar-248 001, Email: dabralhimanki@gmail.com) : Combining ability studies in maize (Zea mays L.) across two plant densities environment using line x tester method. Green Fmg 2016, 7(5), 1049-52.

The eight lines (Tarun, Pob 445, Pop 45, Pob 31, YHP B, POB 31, POB 445, POB 446) and three testers (DBR N 21, Tarun and V-116-1) of maize were crossed to derive 24 F1s. The 35 genotypes (11 parents and 24 F1s) were evaluated for general combining ability and specific combining ability for yield and quality traits across two plant population densities. The higher general combinig ability in V-116-1 in optimum plant population density, Tarun in high plant population density and DBR N 21 across both the environment. The higher specific combining ability for yield was obtained in crosses POB 31 x Tarun in optimum plant population density, POB 446 x DBR N 21 and POB 31 x Tarun across both the environment. These best hybrids might be utilized for further maize improvement programme.

3 tables, 13 ref

014082   Chouhan D;Maloo S R;Singh D (Plant Breeding and Genetics Dep, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur-313 001, Email: dilipagron@gmail.com) : Morphological and molecular diversity in speciality corn (Zea mays L.). Indian J agric Res 2017, 51(2), 142-8.

Study was carried out using twenty diverse speciality corn genotypes - 239 - of QPM, sweet corn, pop corn and baby corn to investigate morphological and moleaular diversity in speciality corn during kharif, 2015 at Instructional Farm of Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Uadipur. Morphological observations recorded, variability parameters and correlation coefficient were computed and DNA analysis was also used. The investigations revealed that sufficient variability existes in the material as characters like grain yield, stover yield, biological yield, TSS, test weight and cob height exhibited high estimates of GCV, PCV and heritability. Further some characters showed significant positive genotypic and phenotypic correlation with grain yield. Baby corn genotype HM-4 exhibited the highest performance for grain yield followed by QPM genotypes, HQPM-1, sweet corn, Madhuri and pop corn Amber pop corn identified as the best performers for grain yield/plant and most of the contributing characters. Molecular characterization through RAPD analysis also revealed high polymorphism and marked genetic diversity among the speciality corn genotypes as also reflected by their morphological differences.

2 illus, 4 tables, 8 ref

014081   Choudhary J S;Rao M S;Mali S S;Das B;Kumari A;Mukherjee D;Singh A K;Bhatt B P (NO, ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Research Centre, Plandu, Ranchi-834 010, Email: choudhary.jaipal@gmail.com) : Potencial changes in number of generations of oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephridae) on mango in India in responce to climate change scenarios. J Agrometeorol 2017, 19(3), 200-6.

The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is a major pest of mango crop in India and the present studies conducted to estimate the number of generations in relation to changing temperature on mango fruits across eight different geographically isolated major mango growing locations of India. The prediction of insect pest generations and generation time was done for baseline (1961 to 1990), present (1969 to 2005), near future (2021 to 2050) and distant future (2071 to 2098) periods using A1B emission scenario data from the regional circulation model (RCM), Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies (PRECIS) model. The degree days models using minimum and maximum temperature were used to obtain cumulative degree days (DD) for each generation of B. dorsalis using a temperature threshold of 13°C. It was estimated that faster accumulation of degree days would make possible for occurrence of one or two additional generations with shortened mean life cycle (5 to 7 days less) in near and distant future climate change periods compared to baseline and present periods at majority of locations. Increased number of generations and reduction of generation time at majority of mango growing locations of India suggest that the incidence of B. dorsalis may likely to increase due to projected increase in temperatures during future climate change scenarios.

1 illus, 4 table, 14 ref

014080   Choudhary A;Mishra A;Bola P K;Moond S K; Dhayal M (Floriculture and Landscaping Dep, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Agriculture Univ, Jhalarapatan, Jhalawar, Kota-326 023, Email: Ashokchoudhary116@gmail.com) : Effect of foliar application of zinc and salicylic acid on growth, flowering and chemical constitute of African marigold cv. pusa narangi gainda (Targets erecta L.). J appl nat Sci 2016, 8(3), 1467-70.

A field experiment on African marigold (Targets erecta L.) was conducted during winter season of 2014- 15to study the foliar effect of Zn and SA of 20 treatment combinations having five concentrations of zinc (0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0%) and salicylic acid (0.0, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.0 mM/L).The treatmentZn4SA3 (Zinc 1% + Salicylic acid 1.0 mM/L) recorded the maximum plant height (77.41 cm), number of leaves per plant (314.10),earliest first flower bud appearance (39.78 days), maximum number of flowers per plant (62.33), maximum chlorophyll content (3.83mg/g) and maximum carotene content (3.07 mg/g)as compared to control where it was recorded mini-mum.These results are conclusive that foliar spraying with zinc 1.0% + salicylic acid 1.0 mM/L may positively in-creasedthe growth and flowering parametersof marigold.

2 tables, 32 ref

014079   Chopde N;Borse G H;Kuchanwar O;Ghodke A T (Horticulture Section, College of Agriculture, Amravati Road, Nagpur-440 010) : Effect of zinc sulphate and ferrous sulphate on growth and flowering of annual chrysanthemum. Pl Archs 2016, 16(2), 594-6.

Investigation entitled "Effect of zinc sulphate and ferrous sulphate on growth and flowering of annual chrysanthemum" was carried out during rabi season of the year 2015-16 at Satpuda Botanic Garden, College of Agriculture, Nagpur (Maharashtra), India with nice treatment combinations in Factorial Randomized Block Design. The treatments comprised of different levels of zinc sulphate and ferrous sulphate (0% i.e. water spray, 0.25% and 0.5%). The results revealed that foliar application of 0.5% zinc sulphate and 0.5% ferrous sulphate recorded significantly maximum vegetative growth in respect of plant height and branches plant^-1, yield in respect of number of flowers plant^-1 and flower yield plant^-1, quality in respect of flower diameter and the earliest first flower bud initiation and 50 per cent flowering. However, interaction effect of zinc sulphate and ferrous sulphate on growth, flowering, yield and quality parameters of annual chrysathemum was found to be non-significant.

1 table, 5 ref

014078   Chavan A P;Jain N K;Chouhan G S (Agricultural Technical School, , Deodhe (Lanja)-416 701, Email: apchavan20@gmail.com) : Nutrient balance sheet & net change in soil fertility as influenced by nutrient management in groundnut-rice cropping system. Green Fmg 2016, 7(5), 1125-9.

A field experiment conducted for two years during rabi and kharif seasons of 2010-11 and 2011-12 at Deodhe, Ratnagiri (Maharashtra) revealed that application of increasing fertility levels up to 125% RDF significantly improved pod and haulm yields as well as protein and oil content of groundnut. Succeeding rice crop showed significant response to residual fertility levels up to 100% RDF in grain yield and up to 125% in straw yield. The groundnut crop inoculated with biofertilizers (Rhizobium+PSB) produced significantly higher pod, haulm and oil yields of groundnut, grain and straw yields of succeeding rice over no inoculation. Rice crop responded significantly to each higher level of fertilizers up to 125% RDF (direct) in terms of grain and straw yields. On the basis of balance sheet of nutrients added and removed, maximum deficits in N and K and positive balance in P were found under 125% RDF and biofertilizers (applied to groundnut crop). Successive increase in fertility levels up to 125% RDF in rice declined the negative balance of available nitrogen and improved the phosphorus balance in soil. Compared to initial status, more positive balances of N, P and K were recorded under the treatments 125% RDF (applied to groundnut), Rhizobium+PSB inoculation (applied to groundnut) and 125% RDF (applied to rice) in soil after harvest of groundnut-rice cropping system.

4 tables, 20 ref

014077   Chavan A A;Dhutraj D N (Plant Pathology Dep, VNMKV, Parbhani-431 402, Email: samarth23.pm@gmail.com) : Survey on pomegranate anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides (Penz.) in Marathwada region. Indian J agric Res 2017, 51(2), 155-60.

Among fungal diseases anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is the most important disease. Survey of pomegranate (Punica granatum) orchard was conducted during 2013-14 in all the cropping seasons viz. mrig bahar, Hastabar and ambia bahar to assess the incidence and severity of anthracnose on pomegranate in Aurangabad, Jalna, Beed Osmanabad, Latur, Nanded, Hingoli and Parbhaani district of Marathwada region of Maharashtra state. The per cent disease incidence (PDI) and severity were recorded using 0-5 point scale. The maximum PDI on leaf was recorded in Hingoli (24.04%) followed by Nanded (22.62%) and Parbhani (22.22%) while least PDI recorded in Aurangabad (15.09%). On fruit maximum PDI recorded in Parbhani (28.80%) which least in Beed district (19.02%). The 9.83 per cent disease variety on leaf was observed in Hingoli district and 10.70 per cent on fruit in Parbhani district. The maximum PDI (27.44%) on fruit and disease severity 12.45 per cent on fruit was recorded in Arakata. The maximum mean PDI 21.30 per cent on leaf and 25.85 per cent on fruit was recorded on trees aged above 5 years. The highest per cent - 237 - disease incidence 25.34 per cent on leaf and 26.78 per cent on fruit was recorded on mrig bahar and the highest disease severity of leaf 10.05 per cent and fruit 11.22 per cent was recorded in mrig bahar.

4 tables, 19 ref