023704   BORKAR P, BODADE V M (Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Pune) : Modelling and forecasting of tur production in India using ARIMA model . Agric Update 2017, 12(2), 252-7.

The paper describes an empirical study of modeling and forecasting time series data of tur production in India. Yearly tur production data for the period of 1950-1951 to 2014-2015 of India were analyzed by time-series methods. Autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation functions were calculated for the data. The Box Jenkins ARIMA methodology has been used for forecasting. The diagnostic checking has shown that ARIMA(1, 1, 1) is appropriate. The forecasts from 2015-2016 to 2024-2025 were calculated based on the selected model. The forecasting power of autor?gressive integrated moving average model was used to forecast tur production for ten leading years. These forecasts would be helpful for the policy makers to foresee ahead of time the future requirements of tur seed, import and/or export and adopt appropriate measures in this regard. 

5 illus, 4 tables, 19 ref

023703   MEENA N R, SHARMA F L , KAUSHIK R A, CHOUHAN P (Lt.Moolchand Meena Agriculture Coll, Rajasthan) : Knowledge of farmers about improved pea production technology in Kota region of Rajasthan . Agric Update 2017, 12(2), 247-51.

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is one of the important vegetable crops grown all over the world. It is a cool season crop of the tropical and sub-tropical regions. Pea is the major vegetable crop of rabi season in Rajasthan. It occupies of area of 3729 hectares with the production of 5807 tonnes in Rajasthan (vital statistics, 2009-10). It is mainly cultivated in Jaipur, Nagaur, Kota, Bundi, Alwar and Chittorgarh districts in the state. The Kota region of Rajasthan is leading in area and production of pea. It occupies on an area of 1176 hectares with the production of 1493 tonnes in Kota region. The study revealed that out of 200 respondents, 50.50 per cent respondents had medium level of knowledge about improved pea production technology. This was followed by 21.00 per cent farmers having low knowledge level regarding pea production technology. Whereas, only 28.50 per cent respondents were observed in the high knowledge group. Analysis of results further revealed that 24.00 and 18.00 per cent marginal farmers and small farmers respectively were in the low knowledge group. Likewise, 50.00 and 51.00 per cent marginal and small farmers had medium level of knowledge, respectively. Whereas, 26.00 per cent marginal farmers and 31.00 per cent small farmers possessed high knowledge about improved pea cultivation technology. 

4 tables, 5 ref

023702   NATH D, SHIL S (Divyodaya krishi Vigyan Kendra, West Tripura, Email: spd020@yahoo.co.in) : Knowledge level of disadvantaged women beneficiaries on production technologies of horticultural crops in Tripura. Agric Update 2017, 12(2), 243-6.

The study was conducted among the women beneficiaries of Divyodaya Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tripura West district of Tripura. A total of 200 respondents belonging to SC and ST population were selected randomly from the 14 purposively selected villages. The study revealed that 49.00 per cent of the respondents had high level of knowledge followed by 37.50 per cent in medium and 13.50 per cent respondents in low level of knowledge category on production technologies of horticultural crops. The socio-personal characteristics like age (r=0.761), educational level (r=0.890), mass media exposure (0.767), family's operational land holding (r=0.649) and social participation (r=0.759) had positive and highly significant relation whereas marital status (r=0.541) and family type (r=0.534) had positive and moderately significant relation with the knowledge level of women beneficiaries on production technologies of horticultural crops. 

3 tables, 5 ref

023701   ANAVRAT V, MOKDE M (ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, Email: vinodanavrat@gmail.com) : Perception of Sathgudi orange growers on contract farming . Agric Update 2017, 12(2), 238-42.

The present study was carried out during 2015-16 in the Nalgonda and Anantpur districts of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, respectively. It aimed at ascertaining the Sathgudi orange growers' perception towards contract farming and find out the issues governing profitability. The total sample of 100 was derived from four talukas in the two districts using simple random sampling. The data collected through a structured interview schedule were analyzed using the t-test of significance of difference between sample and population means. The study revealed that education, social participation and communication behaviour showed non-significant relationship whereas occupation (t=-0.962), land holding (t=-0.484) and per hectare productivity (t=-1.901) showed negative relationship. It implies that, the Sathgudi orange growers are averse to the concept of contract farming. However, access to improved/appropriate technology was perceived as the main prospective reason which appealed to the maximum respondents (RBQ=69.75). It discerns that, for want of appropriate technology they are incurring monitory loss which otherwise would have been minimized. Lack of or inadequate cold storage facilities in the market premises (RBQ=98) has been rated as the issue of prime concern that govern profitability.

4 tables, 4 ref

023700   SOWMYA H S, BHAT A R S (Agricultural Statistics Dep, Univ of Agricultural Sciences, Karnataka, Email: hssom737@gmail.com) : Association of cropping system over the period in Dharwad district of Karnataka. Agric Update 2017, 12(2), 233-7.

Global warming is projected to have significant impacts on conditions affecting agriculture, including temperature, carbon dioxide, glacial run-off, precipitation and the interaction of these elements. Assessment of the effects of global climate changes on agriculture might help to properly anticipate and adapt suitable farming practices to maximize agricultural production. Hence, present study were conducted with the objective to know association of cropping system over the period in Dharwad district of Karnataka. Data used for the study were collected from Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Karnataka, Bangalore for the crops like chilli, maize, groundnut, sorghum, cotton and soybean. Only two parameters considered namely area and price and the method used is co-efficient of concordance / Kendall w-co-efficient. Both area and price study revealed the association in cropping system over the years. 

8 tables, 4 ref

023699   DAMOR R K, DANGI K L, JAIN H K, KHATIK R L (Extension Education Dep, RCA Campus, Rajasthan, Email: ramlalkhatik89@gmail.com) : Effectiveness of NAIP in strengths of NAIP with special reference to livestock based ifs interventions among the tribal beneficiaries . Agric Update 2017, 12(2), 229-32.

Six year ambitious agricultural research Programme was launched in India on 6th July,2006, which is known as National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP), the project focused on innovations in agricultural technology. Four districts of Rajasthan viz., Udaipur, Banswara, Dungarpur and Sirohi figure prominently as the disadvantaged districts identified by the planning commission,based on income, tribal population, their resources, state of agriculture, etc. Keeping in view the challenges of food and nutritional security, National Agricultural Innovation consortia project was initiated by the ICAR in MPUAT, Udaipur. The NAIP was implemented in four districts of southern Rajasthan state viz., Banswara, Dungarpur, Sirohi and Udaipur. Two clusters of Dungarpur district were selected for the present study. These were (a) Faloj and (b) Bichhiwara: Total 10 villages out of 15 villages (under NAIP) were selected proportionately on random basis for inclusion in the study. Total size of sample was of 104 respondents. It was found the strengths that 95 (91.35 %) of the farmers were of their face values expressing strengths of NAIP with moderate extent. Negligible respondents 5 (4.81 %) and 4 (3.84 %) could be observed falling under high and low strengths of NAIP, respectively. Furthermore, data clearly show strong aspects of NAIP with special reference to livestock based IFS NAIP, Beneficiaries, were "green fodder production”, “milk production”, “use of agricultural-implements”, “feeding pattern Livestock based IFS, of animals”, “artificial insemination" and "use of processing equipments” as per the perception of Strengths, tribal beneficiaries. These were ranked from 1 to 6 in sequential order in the hierarchy of 14 aspects of Interventions strengths. On the other hand, the aspects viz., saving, use of biogas plants, fish production, use of mangers, water management and composting / vermin-composting were perceived by the farmers as comparatively less strong for deriving benefits out of NAIP.

2 tables, 6 ref

023698   YUNUS M, SHEIKH A S (Anand Agricultural University, Gujarat, Email: mohmmad_yunus@yahoo.com) : Factors associated with the internet utilization behaviour of the students of S.D. Agricultural University  . Agric Update 2017, 12(2), 224-8.

Internet has become a way of life for majority of higher education students all around the world. For most college students, the internet is a functional tool, one that has greatly changed the way they interact with each other and with information as they go about their studies. With internet many students prepare course assignments, make study notes, tutor themselves with specialized multimedia, and process data for research projects. Most students exchange with faculty, peers, and remote experts. They keep upto- date in fields on the internet, accessing newsgroups, bulletin boards, and websites posted by professional organizations. Most students access library catalogs, bibliographic databases, and academic resource in text, graphics and imagery on the World Wide Web. Internet is an inter-connection between several computers of different types belonging to various networks all over the globe. It is a network of networks. The kind of colossal powers that the internet gives yours machine is mind- bogging. To send or receive data within a matter of seconds to someone placed beyond the pacific was unthinkable before the advent of the internet. The internet represents the transformation and evolution of the entire information age. It is due to these factors that people all over the globe have recognized the internet as their latest developmental tool. “Internet” is one of the tool of communication. Internet has changed life as a few things have done. It has added a new dimension to our existence by placing within easy reach, mind boggling range of information. It gives each of us the option to be as publisher of our information and views, and as the numbers of people on internet multiply and commerce transforms the internet, the opportunities are getting larger.

1 table, 8 ref

023697   GOSWAMI A J, DEKA C K, DAS P K (Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Assam) : Constraints in adoption of recommended package of practices of greengram faced by the farmers in Nagaon district of Assam . Agric Update 2017, 12(2), 221-3.

The study was carried out to see the extent of adoption of recommended package of practices of greengram and the problems faced by the farmers. The present study was conducted in Nagaon district of Assam. The survey was conducted in the month of February to March, 2016. The study revealed that the most important problems faced by majority of the pulse growers which ranked 1^st, 2^nd and 3^rdwere non-availability of quality seeds, lack of irrigation facility and lack of knowledge on scientific cultivation of pulses. The other important problems which also need attention were high incidence of pest and diseases, post-harvest storage problem, price fluctuation in the market throughout the year, high cost of fertilizers and plant protection chemicals and flood damage the Kharif crops, lack of proper marketing facility, high rate of interest on loan charge by the professional money lender, high cost of certified seed/quality seeds, high incidence of intervention of middle men, complicated procedure for obtaining loan from the credit institution, heavy rainfall and lack of proper extension service.

1 table, 9 ref

023696   BAGENIA P S, MEENA K A (Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Rajasthan) : Constraints perceived in adoption of improved storage practices by Marwari households of Rajasthan . Agric Update 2017, 12(2), 215-20.

The present study was conducted in the year 2011-12 with specific objectives to study the adoption of different improved storage practices of farm produce to assess the constraints perceived by the house hold in adoption of improved storage practices. For this study Bikaner district was selected purposely. Bikaner district consists of 6 Panchayat samities. Out of them 3 Panchayat samities namely, Bikaner, Durgagarh and Nokha were selected on the basis of maximum area and production under food grain crops. From these Panchayat samities nine Gram Panchayat were selected randomly. From this two villages from each Gram Panchayat were randomly selected hence 180 respondents from 18 villages constituted the sample for the study. Ex-post facto research design was used for the study propose. The study reveals that majority of the respondents were using traditional storage structures (76.12%) followed by 69.45 per cent were using prevailing practices i.e. mixing of ash and neem powder in store grain and 61.12 per cent households were adopting neem products to save grain in store. Whereas more than half of the households adopted scientific rodents control practices, sun drying, use of improved storage structure and care while stacking grain bags during storage. The major constraints faced by the house holds of Marwari area in adoption of stored grain practices were not having knowledge about chemicals that are used to keep farm produce free from the insect pests, fungus, bacteria and yeasts, etc., lack of information about stored grain pests and losses caused by them, lack of the knowledge about fumigation practices. Non-availability of modern storage structure at local market, non-availability of chemicals for fumigation at village level market, chemicals are harmful for health, lack of knowledge about precautionary measures to be taken during storage of farm produce in godown, not aware about care to be taken during stacking of gunny bags, lack of knowledge sanitation and maintenance godown and another constraints were also perceived by the respondents i.e. reluctant to leave traditional methods, non-access to mass media at village level and lack of training to farm women about improved post harvest technology. The study also highlighted, majority of the respondents expressed their views in using indigenous storage practices because no required specialized knowledge, easy and safe in use, adopted since forefather perceived no need to change, easy in availability, easily accessible and fear in use of chemicals and hazardous to health are the main reasons which are responsible to adopt indigenous storage practices in the locality in comparison to scientific storage practices. 

3 tables, 13 ref

023695   HADOLE S M, PAWAR P B, UGALE T B (Extension Education Dep, Coll of Agriculture, Nasik, Email: pb.pawar@kkwagh.edu.in) : Relationship between selected characteristics of tomato growers and their adoption level of recommended technology in Nashik district of Maharashtra state . Agric Update 2017, 12(2), 210-4.

The present research on relationship between socio-economic characteristics of tomato grower was conducted in Nashik district of Maharashtra state. Seventy tomato growers were selected randomly from ten villages. The data were collected by personal interview technique from tomato growers with the help of structured interview schedule. Mostly respondents were found in medium age category, higher secondary education, medium farming experience, joint and large family, medium level economic motivation, scientific orientation and risk orientation as well as medium knowledge level. The relationship of selected characteristics namely age, type of family, land holding, economic motivation and knowledge level were found to be positively and significantly correlated with overall adoption of recommended practices of tomato. 

2 tables, 9 ref

023694   PAWAR D B, DESHMUKH K V, KAUTHEKAR P U (Agricultural Economics Dep., College of Agriculture, Parbhani) : Resource productivity and resource use efficiency in Rabi Jowar production. Agric Update 2017, 12(2), 206-9.

Investigation was carried out during the year 2013-14. In all 48 Rabi-jowar growers were randomly selected from sixteen villages of two tehsils in Parbhani of Maharashtra. Cross sectional data were collected from Rabi jowar growers with the help of pretested schedule by personal interview method. Data were related to Rabi jowar outputs and inputs like hired human labour, bullock labour machine labour, seed, fertilizer and family human labour as resources. Cobb Douglas production function regression coefficient of area under Rabi jowar was fitted to the data. The results revealed thaas 0.267 followed by that of bullock labour (0.222), partial regression co-efficient of family human labour was 0.128. Regression co-efficient family human labour and seed were positive but non-significant. Marginal product of area under Rabijowar was 3.923 quintals followed by that of bullock labour (0.558 q), family human labour (0.1679) and hired human labour (0.067q) and so on. MVP to price ratio with respect to bullock labour was 1.51 followed by family human labour (1.50), area under Rabi jowar (1.13) and seed (1.08). Hence, preference might be given to increase hired human labour, family human labour and nitrogen on priority basis in Rabi jowar cultivation. Optimum resource use of area under Rabi jowar was 093 hectare and that of nitrogen was 36.70 kg.

1 table, 4 ref

023693   ALORIA O P, SHARMA S K, SIVASIYA M D (Extention Education Dep., S.K.N Coll of Agriculture, Rajasthan) : To determine future training requirements of the farmers about rearing cross-bred animals on the basis of subject matter areas of training. Agric Update 2017, 12(2), 200-5.

Animal husbandry has been regarded as subsidiary occupation by the farmers of our country. Despite of the facts that we are having a large population of animals, the milk food is very low to augment the milk production of country of cross breeding with Exotic breeds have been extended on a massive scale, milk production cannot be increased only having crossbred animals but the farmers must be trained in proper reading of these animals. As per the principle of extension due consideration be given to the felt heeds of the farmers must be trained as per their requirement in various aspects of rearing cross-bred animals. With this consideration present investigation entitled Study of training heed of farmers in Sambhar Lake Panchayat Samiti (Jaipur-Rajasthan) with special reference to rearing cross bred animals. To get the right need and provided opportunities is the surest way to contribute to economic growth and overall development for rearing cross-bread farmers.

1 table, 1 ref

023692   PURI S G, WANGIKAR S D (Extention Education Dep, Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, Email: sgpuri2@gmail.com) : Constraints in adoption of recommended practices by the respondents extended through Agricultural Polyclinic . Agric Update 2017, 12(2), 195- 9.

The present study was undertaken in Parbhani, Nanded and osmanabad districts of Marathwada region. From these selected districts, two talukas in each district on the basis of earlier establishment of agricultural polyclinics' were selected and two 'agricultural polyclinics' from each district were selected on the basis of same principle. From each list of polyclinic beneficiary, 25 respondents were drawn by n^th method of random sampling. Thus final sample comprised of 150 respondents. A substantial percentage (58.00 %) of the respondents were of middle aged. As regards education a significant (37.33 %) percent of the respondents were possessing higher secondary level of education. 33.33 per cent had farming as main occupation, 59.33 percent were having semi medium size of land holding with an annual income of medium category (57.33%) having medium level of social participation (63.33%) and medium risk orientation (69.33 %). Majority of the respondents (81.34%) had medium contacts and medium economic motivation (73.34%). Two top most constraints expressed by the respondents were lack financial support from ‘agricultural polyclinic' and not undergoing any training or demonstration of high tech agriculture based on shed net, green house and low cost green house. 

2 tables, 4 ref

023691   VERMA H L, SHARMA S K (Extention Education Dep., Agriculture Univ, Rajasthan, Email: verma_571978@rediffmail.com) : Impact of drip irrigation system in Bikaner district of Rajasthan. Agric Update 2017, 12(2), 189-94.

Proper economization of water would be advantageous to the farmers as well as it would be helpful in bringing more land under cultivation. In order to use such a precious natural resource economically, drip irrigation would be a possible solution which minimizes the losses of water and fertilizer as well as increase the yield of crops resulting in more profit and quality of product. The present study was conducted in four Panchayat samities (out of six) in Bikaner district of Rajasthan. From the selected four Panchayat samities, a total of 234 respondent farmers having drip irrigation system were selected randomly for the study purpose. The data were collected by personal interview method with the help of interview schedule. Collected data were classified, tabulated and statistically analyzed. The findings of the study revealed that the area under vegetable cultivation was increased. The total gross cropped area (299 ha) and cropping intensity (20.25%) was increased. The per hectare expenditure on crop production was increased (Rs. 2999.00) after adoption of drip irrigation due to the area increased under vegetable cultivation and fallow land utilized under such crops by the farmer. The per hectare gross income as well as net income of the farmers was increased, farmers incurred the additional expenditure (Rs. 27677.00) on education, food and clothes, house construction and maintenance, farm implements and mechanical power purchasing as well as social amenities also because of adoption of drip irrigation system. Since the farmers generated more income from their crop production, it was also observed that per hectare average yield of vegetable crops was increased significantly after crops the adoption of drip irrigation system which indicates the positive impact of drip irrigation system.

4 tables, 9 ref

023690   MEENA N R, SHARMA F L, KAUSHIK R A, CHOUHAN P (Agriculture College, Rajasthan) : Information processing behaviour of the pea growers in kota region of Rajasthan. Agric Update 2017, 12(2), 183-8.

Findings revealed that out of 200 respondents, 45.50 per cent respondents had low information processing behaviour and 31.50 per cent farmers having medium level of information processing behaviour. Whereas, only 23.00 per cent respondents were observed in high information processing behaviour group. Results further revealed that 51.00 and 40.00 per cent marginal and small farmers, respectively were in the low information processing behaviour group. Likewise, 28.00 and 35.00 per cent marginal and small farmers had medium information processing behaviour about improved pea cultivation practices, respectively. Whereas, 21.00 per cent marginal farmers and 25.00 per cent small farmers were found in high information processing behaviour group about pea production technology. It was noted that among the selected information processing modes, information evaluation methods were used upto greatest extent by the pea growers with MPS 60.15. These were followed by information transfer methods with MPS 44.60. However, information storage methods with 40.11 MPS were least used information processing methods by the pea growers. (iii) Findings indicated that there was significant difference in information processing behaviour between marginal and small farmers about pea cultivation technology. The mean value further indicates that small farmers had higher information processing behaviour than marginal farmers about pea cultivation technology.

4 tables, 4 ref

023689   NAIK V, HOSAMANI S B (Agricultural Economic Dep, Coll of Agriculture, Karnataka, Email: naikvinod00@gmail.com) : Resource-use efficiency and technical efficiency of turmeric production in northern Karnataka . Agric Update 2017, 12(2), 175-82.

The present study is an attempt to assess the resource-use and technical efficiency in turmeric production in Northern Karnataka. For the study, 96 farmers practicing the cultivation of turmeric in both Bagalkot and Belagavi district were selected randomly. The data collected from the respondents were analysed using Cobb-Douglas (CD) production function and Timmer's output based measure of technical efficiency. The study revealed that, the MVP: MFC ratio was found more than unity in case of planting material, chemical fertilizers and plant protection chemicals in Belagavi district and bullock labour, machine labour and chemical fertilizers in Bagalkot district and nearly 50 per cent of the farmers were operating under less than 90 per cent technical efficiency ratings, mainly due to use of traditional cultivation practices. The major production and post-harvest constraint as opined by the sample farmers in both the districts were pest and disease attack and price fluctuation, respectively. 

4 tables, 20 ref

023196   Zarif F;Asareh A;Walipour M (Water Science and Engineering Dep, Ahvaz branch, Islamic Azad Univ, Ahvaz, Iran, Email: assareh_2003@yahoo.com) : Evaluation of water use efficiency index of crops in Behbahan region. Int J agric biol Res 2017, 33(2), 213-20.

Given that Iran is among the countries that is in the arid and semi-arid areas, and is X facing a shortage of water resources, so efficient use of water resources in agricultural purposes will cope the drought. Therefore, the necessity to apply a more detailed plan for the efficient use of water resources is felt. In this study, the amount of water use efficiency index for cereal was determined for Behbahan region in 2009 to 2011. The results showed that average amount of water use efficiency of wheat, barley and maize is l.07, 1.02 and 1.35 kg per sq. m water respectively.

3 tables, 10 ref

023195   Yogendra Kumar;Prakash C (NO, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Kisan (P.G.) College, Simbhaoli, Hapur, Uttar Pradesh, Email: dryogendrakumarkd@gmail.com) : Adoption level of dairy farmers regarding clean milk production practices at field level in western U.P.. Agric Update 2017, 12(1), 44-51.

The challenge before the dairy farmers is how well they can manage the livestock to enhance the raw milk quality on a sustained basis. Therefore, efficient use of resources depends to greater extent on how they acquire and adopt innovations in the sector of animal husbandry in effective manner to reach higher level of performance. The milk quality is determined by aspects of composition and hygiene of milk. Dairy farmer is the key client in this process who decides the quality of milk. The study was conducted to know the adoption level of dairy farmers regarding clean milk production practices in four milk unions of western Uttar Pradesh in the year 2008-09. A total of 120 respondents (60 CMP and 60 N-CMP) were interviewed from four said milk unions. In each milk union 30 selected dairy farmers were again divided in two groups i.e.,15 farmers of CMP and 15 farmers of N-CMP programme under dairy co-operative society such type of distribution of sample size was done for assessing the comparison between CMP and N-CMP programme villages. It was observed that 58.33 per cent and 53.33 per cent had medium level of overall adoption, 13.33 per cent and 26.67 per cent of them having low level of overall adoption, while 28.33 per cent and 20 per cent of the respondents had high level of overall adoption, under CMP and N-CMP, respectively. The results in study clearly showed that milk quality at all levels of milk collection i.e. pail level (milk sample collected at the time of milking), DCS level (milk sample collected at dairy co-operative society) and dock level (milk sample collected at dairy plant) level was positively correlated with adoption level of dairy farmers regarding CMP practices. Therefore, raising adoption of clean milk production practices are of paramount importance for dairy farmers. This will open up new vistas and make possible for dairy farmers to achieve substantial gains in income. Raising the clean milk production is the fundamental problem. This problem needs to be carefully tackled for long run resolution of under developed animal husbandry.

3 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

023194   Yadav S P;Bhasker P (Plant Physiology Dep, C. S. Azad Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur-208 002, Email: bhasker_hau@yahoo.co.in) : Response of phosphorus, Rhizobium and phosphate solublizing bacteria interaction studies on growth, nodulation and yield of lentil [Lens culinaris Medikus]. Ann Agri Bio Res 2017, 22(1), 9-12.

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season to find out the effect of phosphorus and biofertilizers on growth and yield attributes of lentil crop. The experiment was laid down in factorial RBD at Crop Research Farm, Nawabganj, C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur. The experiment consisted of four phosphorus levels (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg P₂O₅/ha) and seed inoculation with Rhizobium and dual inoculation with Rhizobium+PSB (Phosphate solubilizing bacteria). The results showed that number of branches/plant, number of pods/plant, grain and straw yields increased significantly up to 120 kg P₂O₅/ha and the results were found at par with the treatment 80 kg P₂O₅/ha. Among seed inoculation treatments, Rhizobium+PSB produced significantly taller plants, highest number of branches, root nodules, pods, test weight, grain and straw yields than other treatments. It proved beneficial for highest seed yield of lentil - 394 - under Uttar Pradesh condition of combined application of 80 kg P₂O₅ /ha+Rhizobium+PSB produced significantly higher grain yield.

2 tables, 15 ref

023193   Yadav R K;Verma A;Sumeriya H K (Agronomy Dep, Maharana Pratap of Agriculture & Technology, Udaipur-313 001, Email: hksumeriya@gmail.com) : Effect of organic and inorganic nutrient sources on dry matter partitioning in different plant parts, SPAD chlorophyll reading, physiological maturity and yield of maize (Zea mays L.). Ann Agri Bio Res 2017, 22(1), 28-30.

An experiment was conducted in two consecutive years 2010 and 2011 during kharif season to evaluate effect of nutrient management on dry: matter partitioning, SPAD chlorophyll meter reading, physiological maturity and yield of maize (Zea mays L.). Experimental findings revealed that maximum dry matter production by leaves, stem, tassel and cob was recorded in treatment having 100% NPK+FYM 10 t/ha. SPAD chlorophyll reading at 60 DAS revealed that application of 100% NPK with FYM 10 t/ha recorded the highest reading. The soil enrichment with 100% NPK+FYM 10 t/ha recorded maximum grain and stover yield of maize. Maximum delay in physiological maturity was noted in 150% NPK treatment, however, earliest physiological maturity was under control.

2 tables, 8 ref

023192   Yadav M;Dhillon A;Bhatia J K;Bishnoi D; Bishnoi M (Agricultural Economics Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: drjitenderkumarbhatia@gmail.com) : Production and marketing constraints of milk in Rewari district of Haryana. Ann Agri Bio Res 2017, 22(1), 88-92.

The - 393 - study was undertaken to work out the cost and returns of milk production to identify different marketing channels and their efficiency and to study the constraints in production and marketing of milk. The study was conducted in Rewari district of Haryana State. Primary data were collected during 2013-14 from 120 milk-producing farmers of study area. On the basis of the nature of data, various statistical and economic tools were used for estimation of cost and returns of production, marketing costs and margins as well as the constraints. The major problems faced by the milk producers in production of milk were accounted as lack of good quality of breeds, insemination facility, veterinary services, green fodder and high prices of feed, lack of technical skills for housing and feeding, and lack of equipment in veterinary hospitals. Problems faced in marketing of milk were accounted as inadequate marketing intelligence, lack of good procurement centre, transportation, lower prices of milk, lack of A. I. facilities, dispute over quality of milk and irregular and delay in payment.

4 tables, 6 ref

023191   Yadav K;Verma A;Sumeriya H K;Rakesh Kumar; Chouhan B S (Agronomy Dep, Maharana Pratap Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Udaipur-313 001, Email: hksumeriya@gmail.com) : Response of genotypes and fertility levels on growth, yield and economics of multi-cut forage sorghum. Ann Agri Bio Res 2017, 22(1), 21-4.

The field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm of Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur (Rajasthan) to study the response of multi-cut forage sorghum genotypes to different fertility levels during kharif season of 2015. The growth and yield parameters differed significantly among the different forage sorghum genotypes and fertility levels. The plant height, stem girth, leaf to stem ratio, dry matter accumulation, green fodder and dry fodder yield of forage sorghum genotypes were significantly influenced by different fertility levels. Among multi-cut forage genotypes, SPH 1700 produced the highest DMA/plant (12.89 g/plant) at 45 DAS and at 1st cutting, whereas at 2nd cutting the maximum dry matter accumulation was recorded under genotype CoFS-29. The results revealed that CoFS-29 proved most efficient in production of assimilates as it gave significantly higher green (74.78 t/ha), dry (23.77 t/ha) fodder yield on the basis of the total of two cuts, net monetary returns of Rs. 66430/ha and B : C ratio 2.15. The crop fertilized with 125% RDF recorded significantly higher green and the dry fodder yield on the basis of the total of two cuts over application of 50, 75 and 100% RDF. Application of 125% RDF also fetched highest net returns (Rs. 71814/ha) as well as the maximum B : C ratio (2.23) as compared to lower fertility levels.

2 tables, 8 ref

023190   Yadav B;Mukherjee J;Sehgal V K;Das D K; Krishnan P (Agricultural Physics Div, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, Email: mjoydeep2k@yahoo.com) : Effect of dimming of global radiation on morphology and yield of whet crop in Delhi. J Agrometeorol 2017, 19(4), 323-7.

Long-term observations of the surface global solar radiation in recent decades have shown a widespread declining trend in many parts of the world. Experiment was carried out at the farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during rabi season of 2014-15 and 2015-16 to study response of three cultivars (HD 2967, WR 544 and PBW 502) of wheat under five reduced solar radiation levels (0, 20, 35, 50, 75% shading). Plant height, internode distance and leaf area index (LAI) were measured at different DAS throughout the crop growth period. The result shows that plant height and internode distance increased under 75% shading treatment. The highest leaf area index (LAI) was observed in 35% shading treatment, followed by 20% shading and control. Final biomass, grain yield and harvest index decreased significantly with shading and was lowest 75% shading treatment. Among the cultivars, HD 2967 performed better under reduced radiation condition as compared to other cultivars.

5 tables, 10 ref

023189   Yadav A;Singh D K;Amit Kumar;Chaudhary S;Usha Kumari;Singh S;Singh S P;Verma G (Agronomy Dep, GBPUAT, Pantnagar, Email: dhananjayrahul@rediffmail.com) : Yield, nutrient uptake and economics of direct seeded aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) as influenced by seed rate and cultivars. Ann agric Res 2017, 38(2), 141-4.

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2014 at N.E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) to optimize the seed rate of hybrid and high yielding varieties of rice under direct seeded aerobic condition. Treatments were tested in a split plot design with three replications keeping varieties (PAC-837, DRRH-3 and PD-16) in main-plots and seed rates (15, 25, 35 and 45 kg/ha) in sub-plots. Hybrid varieties DRRH-3 and PAC-837 performed better with the grain yields (4620 kg/ha and 4554 kg/ha), nutrients uptake 153.2 kg/ha and 148.2 kg/ha) and higher net returns (54,205 and 52,729 Rs./ha) respectively as compared to high yielding variety PD-16 (4408 kg/ha, 144.3 kg/ha and 51,197 Rs./ha). Among the different seed rates tested, seed rate of 35 kg/ha produced more grain yield (4829 kg/ha), nutrient uptake (157.8 kg/ha) and net returns (54,205 Rs./ha) as compared to other seed rates. More yield, nutrient uptake and higher profit from direct seeded aerobic rice can - 392 - be obtained from hybrid rice varieties with seed rate of 35 kg/ha under Tarai condition of Uttarakhand.

2 tables, 9 ref

023188   Waris A (NO, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendra Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, Email: amtul.waris@gmail.com) : Gender dimensions and training needs of farm women in system of rice intensification in selected districts of Bihar state. Agric Update 2017, 12(1), 109-12.

The system of rice intensification (SRI) has been introduced as an alternative system for growing rice with lesser inputs and water. Labour is one of the most crucial concerns in the adoption of SRI by farmers. SRI requires intensive labour inputs for land preparation, crop care, and water management, especially at the early phase of adoption. According to the latest census of Government of India (2011) 53 per cent of all male workers but 75 per cent of all female workers, and 85 per cent of all rural female workers, are in agriculture. The present study was, therefore, undertaken, to identify training needs of farm women in SRI cultivation and to analyze the drudgery perceived by farm women in traditional and SRI cultivation methods. Line sowing was felt as a new skill to be acquired and rated as highly skilful as farm women had to be careful and systematically plant within the square. There is immense scope of harnessing the potential of training members of women's self-help groups (SHG) to form a SRI task force to help in the wide spread adoption of SRI by farmers.

1 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

023187   Wankhede Y;Kale N M;Bhople P P;Jangwad N P (Extension Education Dep, Post Graduate Institute, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra, Email: nmkale1964@gmail.com) : Profile and constraints of orange growers in adoption of soil testing techniques in Amravati district. Agric Update 2017, 12(1), 52-60.

The research study was conducted in Warud and Morshi talukas of Amravati district (Vidarbha region) of Maharashtra with exploratory design of the social research during 2015-16. Multistage sampling method was used for the study. Total 100 orange orchards owner having productive orange trees were the respondents for the study. The study revealed that 58.00 per cent orange growers have tested their orchard soil. Majority of orange growers had area under orange orchards upto 2.00 ha. Majority 67.00 per cent respondents have not availed the employment guarantee scheme of government for plantation of orange orchard; they have planted the orchard by spending their own money. Majority of respondents have to travel distance between 51 to 100 km from their villages to reach at soil testing laboratory. Maximum 63.00 per cent of orange growers have used drip as a method of irrigation. Exactly half (50.00%) of the respondents kept medium level of extension contact with extension agencies for seeking information. Majority (87.00%) orange orchards affected by dieback - 391 - disease, majority of respondents have used the State department soil testing laboratories as soil testing agency for testing of orchards soil. More than half (57.00%) orange growers faced the constraints of lack of knowledge about soil testing and 47.00 per cent orange growers faced the constraints of lack of technical skill about soil testing technique, as technical constraints. As regard to situational constraints, 73.00 per cent respondents faced problem of delay in soil test report. It could be concluded that the analysis of these constraints would call for the attention of the administrators of Government, Department of Agriculture of Maharashtra and other concerned departments for planning systematic efforts to encountered these constraints will go long way for the Development of Agriculture in general and Horticulture in particular.

2 illus, 6 tables, 6 ref

023186   Waman G K;Manikdurge B A;Kharde P B (Directorate of Extension Education, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra) : Correlates of training needs and constraints faced by the sugarcane growers. Agric Update 2016, 11(4), 359-64.

The present investigation was carried out in Rahuri and Karjat tahsils of Ahmednagar districts (M.S.). The results of study revealed that majority of the sugarcane growers had medium to high level of knowledge about sugarcane production technology. A majority of them had partial knowledge about pest and disease management followed by the intercultural operation, recommended varieties, fertilizer management, irrigation management and soil testing. The respondents' characteristics viz., age, education, annual income and social participation had negative and significant relationship with their training needs at 5 per cent level of significance. Size of land holding and knowledge of the sugarcane growers showed positive and significant relationship with the training needs. Training on biological pest control, availability of fertilizers and crop loan in cheaper rate were some of suggestions made by the sugarcane growers.

5 tables, 16 ref

023185   Vishnoi G;Sharma A K;Godara P;Pawan Kumar (Plant Breeding & Genetics Dep, S. K. Rajasthan Agricultural Univ, Bikaner-334 006, Email: pawanchoudhary2@gmail.com) : Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance studies for yield and its contributing traits in clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.]. Ann Agri Bio Res 2017, 22(2), 201-3.

A field investigation was carried out to estimate genetic variability and heritability along with high genetic advance on 30 - 390 - genotypes of clusterbean. Analysis of variance revealed considerable variability among the genotypes for all the characters. Genotypes with high mean performance for seed yield along with other traits were exhibited by RGC 986, RGC 936, RGC 1031, HG 258 and RGC 1066. These genotypes could be utilized in future programme in order to get superior varieties. The high genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variance were recorded for plant height, number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster and number of seeds per pod. High estimates of heritability along with high genetic advance as per cent of mean were observed for number of branches per plant, number of pods per cluster, plant height, number of seeds per pod, number of clusters per plant, seed yield per plant, harvest index and biological yield per plant. Therefore, these characters can aid in selection programme.

2 tables, 12 ref

023184   Visalakshi K P;Kuruppath N;Anish C V; Sureshkumar P K (College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur-680 656, Email: visalakshi.kp@kau.in) : e-DID: an electronic device for Drip Irrigation Design. J trop Agric 2016, 54(2), 176-83.

Irrigated agriculture plays a vital role for a sustainable agricultural future. Drip irrigation has been proved to be an efficient method of water application, but one of the problems persisting is the sophisticated procedure of a precise design and estimation e-DID software is an electronic tool to assist in drip-irrigation system design and cost estimation with much ease. The software is designed to be suitable for all districts of Kerala and ten major crops namely vegetables, banana, tapioca, pineapple, arecanut, coconut, pepper, tea, coffee and cowpea. The design is obtained through few simple procedures by the user; the input data include the field dimension, irrigation interval and duration, number of blocks etc. The results includes whole system design, materials required, cost, and pump selection, in three different layouts. The software is programmed in C# dot NET and uses only a minimum number of readily available input data which makes it simple and user friendly on one hand, and accurate and robust on the other. The result can be saved in pdf for excel format for further processing.

^ssc9 illus, 3 ref

023183   Vinod M;Patil R H (Agricultural Entomology Dep, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-580 005, Email: madhu19pvinod@gmail.com) : Influence of date of sowing on the incidence of Cydia ptychora (Meyrick) and natural enemies during pest flowering stage of soybean. Envir Ecol 2016, 34(4B), 2129-33.

A field experiment was laid out during kharif of 2014 to study the influence of dates of sowing on the incidence of C. ptychora on soybean and natural enemies in soybean during post flowering stage. It was observed that the crop sown on 21st MSW during the first week of June recorded the minimum larval population of 9.10 larvae/plant. However, the peak incidence of 30.40 l/plant was recorded in the crop sown on 29th MSW during the last week of July. Similarly, the lowest pod and seed damage was observed in the crop sown during the first week of June with 5.26 and 3.19%, respectively whereas the highest pod and seed damage of 42.70 and 40.96% respectively, was recorded in the crop sown during the last week of July. Among the natural enemies, two larval parasitoids, Bracon sp. And an unidentified Braconid wasp were found to parasitise the pod borer larvae to the extent of 4.0%. The predatory coccinellids harbored the crop from first week of September and attained peak population (3.40 adults/mrl) during last week of September. However chrysopid activity was commenced during the second week of September and attained peak (2.30 grubs/mrl) during the third week of September. In contrast, spider population was observed throughout the cropping season and showed a peak (1.20 spiders/mrl) during the fourth week of September.

3 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

023182   Vinita;Punia D;Neeta Kumari (Food Nutrition Dep, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agriculture Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: vinita2390bhadu@gmail.com) : Potential health benefits of sea buckthorn oil. Agric Rev 2017, 38(3), 233-7.

Hippophae rhamnoides, also known as sea buckthorn is an ancient plant with modern virtues, due to its nutritional and medicinal value. Sea buckthorn berry is rich in oil. Seeds (seed oil) and fruit pulp (pulp oil) are used for oil extraction. The oil content of Sea buckthorn pulp and seeds are in range of 18.2-43.5% and 7.03 -12.86% respectively. While linoleic (18:2n-6) and a-linolenic (18:3n-3) acids are the major fatty acids in the seed oil, the high level of palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7, up to 50%) differentiates sea buckthorn pulp oil from most other oils of plant origin. Oil from sea buckthorn contains several bioactive components such as vitamin E, vitamin K, carotenoids and phytosterols. Sea buckthorn oil has shown great healing effect in treating damaged mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract, wound, burn, dry eye, dermatitis and sunburn. The oil from pulp and the seeds of sea buckthorn have been shown to possess anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic, hypocholesteromic, hypotensive, anti-hypoxic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Sea buckthorn oils are used as a source for ingredients in several commercially available cosmetic products and nutritional supplements like jelly, plant capsules, or oral fluids.

^iia1 table, 56 ref

023181   Vimlesh Kumar;Mishra D P;Yadav G C;Yadav S; Sandeep Kumar (Vegetable Science Dep, N.D. U. A. & T., Kumarganj Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Determining relationships between yield and biochemical traits in pumpkin. Pharma Innovation 2018, 7(1), 14-18.

The objective of this study was to determine the relationships among fruit yield per plant (Kg), growth and biochemical traits using twenty one genotypes (15 F₁ hybrids and 6 Parents) of pumpkin during three seasons (E₁, E₂, E₃) and pooled analysis worked out. The observations were measured on biochemical traits and fruit yield per plant. The present investigation revealed that the fruit yield per plant had exhibited significant and positive phenotypic correlation with total soluble solids, ascorbic acid and negative and significant correlation with non-reducing sugars during E₁ (Kharif, 2015). However during E₂ Rabi season, 2015-16 biochemical traits like as dry matter content, total soluble solids, total sugars, reducing and non-reducing sugars, ascorbic acid and β-carotene were positively and significantly associated with fruit yield per plant at phenotypic level. Fruit yield per plant had positive and significant with total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, β-carotene and negative significant correlation with non-reducing sugars during E₃ (Zaid, 2016). The pooled analysis revealed that the total soluble solids, ascorbic acid and β-carotene were significantly and positively correlated with fruit yield per plant at phenotypic level.

8 tables, 7 ref

023180   Vijayan A S;Anoop E V;Vidyasagaran K (College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur-680 656, Email: anoop.ev@kau.in) : Ecoanatomical characterisation of a true mangrove, Aegiceras corniculatum Blanco, found in the West Coast of India. J trop Agric 2016, 54(2), 115-19.

Aegiceras corniculatum Blanco is one of the important true mangrove species of the western coast of India. Woos as well as increment core samples were collected from trees having GBH≥10cm, from three sites in the western coast of India and wood anatomical features were recorded in the laboratory. The results indicate simple, alternate, diffuse porous vessels; both diffuse and scanty axial parenchyma, homogenous type III rays, vestured pits, helical thickening, sheath cells, breakdown areas in ray cells and vessel inclusions. A comparison of ecoanatomical characters of this true mangrove species was made with its nearest upland relative belonging to the same falimy viz., Myrsines andwicensis A. DC. In contrast to its upland relative, Aegiceras corniculatum recorded short vessels with smaller diameter, exceptionally high vessel frequency and high vessel grouping. The vulnerability and mesomorphy ratio of Aegiceras corniculatum were 0.27 and 80, respectively, which showed the xeromorphic nature of wood. Modification of hydraulic architecture of Aegiceras corniculantum as response to ecological condition might be the reason - 388 - for its survival towards the seaward line of mangrove succession and is hence, less vulnerable to cavitation. This causes a safer sap flow in this species.

1 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

023179   Verma J K;Pareek N K;Prajapat A L;Singh H; Saharan B;Bijarnia A L (Agronomy Dep, S. K. Rajasthan Agricultural Univ, Bikaner-334 006, Email: vjitendra348@gmail.com) : Influence of tillage practices on quality parameters of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] cultivars under rainfed conditions of Rajasthan. Ann Agri Bio Res 2017, 22(2), 192-5.

An experiment comprising four tillage practices in main plots (conventional tillage, zero tillage, conventional tillage+ridging and zero tillage+ridging) and four cultivars of pearl millet in sub-plots (Pusa Composite 443, CZP 9802, MPMH 17 and RHB 177) was laid out in split plot design with four replications and conducted at Agronomy Farm, College of Agriculture, Bikaner during kharif 2014. The results revealed that various tillage treatments could not affect nitrogen content of grain and straw. Different cultivars also did not show significant variations in nitrogen content of their grain and straw. Various treatments of tillage practices had significant influence on nitrogen uptake by grain, straw and total nitrogen uptake. The maximum nitrogen uptake by grain (20.07 kg/ha), straw (20.13 kg/ha) and total nitrogen uptake (40.20 kg/ha) were recorded under conventional tillage+ridging (T3) and minimum under zero tillage (T2). Nitrogen uptake by grain and straw and total nitrogen uptake varied significantly due to different pearl millet cultivars. The nitrogen uptake in grain (21.02 kg/ha) and total nitrogen uptake (39.24 kg/ha) were maximum in the hybrid cultivar MPMH 17 (C3). However, in terms of nitrogen uptake in straw, cultivar Pusa Composite 443 (C1) established its significant superiority over rest of the cultivars. Different treatments of tillage practices and pearl millet cultivars had no significant influence on protein content (%) of grain.

1 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

023178   Verma A;Tripathi U K ((Food & Nutrition Dep), Mahatma Gandhi Gramoday Vishwavidyalaya, Chitrakoot, (Satna) Madhya Pradesh) : Preparation of antioxidant rich low fat pomegranate frozen yoghurt. J Pharmac Phytochem 2018, 7(1), 27-30.

The experiment was replicated three variance (ANOVA) and Critical Difference (CD) techniques. From the results, it is calculated that pomegranate frozen yoghurt increase the nutritive value. The frozen yoghurt was acceptable on the basis of sensory evaluation. Pomegranate fruit frozen yoghurt treatment T3 (Skimmed Milk 65%, pomegranate seeds15%, SMP 3%, sugar 14.6%, emulsifier 0.2%, stabilizer 0.2%) was highly acceptable in terms of color and overall acceptability. The nutritional composition of all treatment in the pomegranate fruit frozen yoghurt increased energy, carbohydrate, protein, iron, - 387 - calcium, polyphenols, and flavonoid using standard chemical procedures. The pH and viscosity TSS was analyzed using standard AOAC (2005).

2 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

023177   Verma A;Sumeriya H K;Dharmendra Kumar;Rakesh Kumar;Yadav R (All India Coordinated Sorghum Improvement Project, Maharana Pratap Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Udaipur-313 001, Email: hksumeriya@gmail.com) : Production potential of single cut fodder sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] varieties as influenced by different fertility levels under rainfed conditions of southern Rajasthan. Ann Agri Bio Res 2017, 22(1), 25-7.

A field experiment was conducted at Udaipur (Rajasthan) to study the effect of different fertility levels on yield and economics of fodder sorghum genotypes duning kharif 2013. Six elite fodder sorghum genotypes (SPV 2185, SPV 2191, HC 308, CSV 21F, PC 1080 and CSV 30F) and four fertility levels [50, 75, 100 and 125% RDF (RDF= 80 kg N+40 kg P₂O₅+40 kg K₂O/ha] were set out in a factorial randomized block design. The results revealed that genotype SPV 2185 recorded maximum plant height at harvest (217.35 cm), dry matter accumulation at harvest (94.87 g/plant), fodder yield [green as well as dry fodder yield (42.32 and 15.16 t/ha] and all the fodder quality parameters i. e. crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract, mineral ash, nitrogen free extract and total digestible nutrients than other genotype tested. Among the fertility levels, 125% RDF recorded significantly higher plant height, dry matter accumulation (g/plant) at harvest, green as well as dry fodder yield over 50, 75 and 100% RDF.

1 table, 12 ref

023176   Varu D K;Chovatia R S;Barad A V (Horticulture Dep, Junagadh Agril. Univ, Junagadh, Gujarat, Email: dkvaru@jau.in) : Horticultural biodiversity in Saurashtra region. Int J Innovative Hort 2017, 6(1), 1-6.

Horticulture in its broad sense comprise many diversified crops like fruits, vegetables, flowers, ornamental plants, spices, medicinal, aromatic and plantation crops. It has become a key driver of economic development in many states of India. Nutritional and food security is the current and burning issue of the nation. Horticulture is the best alternate for nutritional security. The awareness and demand of horticultural produces are increasing. Saurashtra is the historical and cultural region of Gujarat state. It has diverse soils, climates, geographical regions including long coastal belts with red lateritic soils; hence the region possesses rich horticultural diversity for various crops. There is immediate need for collection, conservation, documentation and utilization of genetic resources of various horticultural crops for production and popularization. Mango is the leading fruit crop of region possesses wide genetic diversity with indigenous varieties like Kesar, Rajapuri, Jamadar, Dudhpendo, Khodi and many others. Custard apple is another important fruit crop of Saurashtra with large germplasms and varieties and the crop is gaining importance due to its hardy nature and less cost of production. Jamun is used as an effective medicine against diabetes, heart and liver ailments. Because of its high value in terms of therapeutics and nutrition, its consumption rate is gradually - 386 - increasing; however, not a single variety has been released for this region. Few accessions have been identified for further study. In guava, Dholaka, Reshamdi and Bhavanagr Lal are the important commercial indigenous cultivars reflecting the genetic diversity. Karonda and lasora are also very hardy plant, grown mostly in waste lands as well as boarder planting. Lasora can be used as a shelter belts or wind breaks to overcome negative effect of climate change. The long coastal belt of region is suitable for coconut plantations having popular D x T hybrids as well as many indigenous varieties. In case of flower crops, rose, chrysanthemum, jasmine, gaillardia, marigold, goldenrod, etc., are under cultivation, but very few varieties or genotypes have been identified. However, varieties of gerbera have been endorsed for protected cultivation. Similarly huge genetic diversity in different vegetable crops have been identified and used for crop improvement programme. Some indigenous genetic stocks like Gholar and Reshm patto chili; Pili patti and Mahuva safed onion; Greengota, Junagadh Bhatta, Ghed Bhadatha brinjal etc. which are used for the commercial cultivation, have became more favourable with traders, processors and consumers.

^iia6 ref

023175   Varu D K;Chovatia R S (Horticulture Dep, Junagadh Agricultural Univ, Junagadh-362 001, Email: dkvaru@jau.in) : Yogi-a promising variety of guava. Int J Innovative Hort 2017, 6(1), 48-51.

Experiments were conducted at the Fruit and Vegetable Farm, BAPS, Gondal (Gujarat) to evaluate the different guava varieties along with local selection, Yogi, for yield and quality traits including pulp colour. The study revealed highest plant height and plant spread (NS) in Yogi and variety L-49, respectively. Among the various physical parameters studied, highest fruit diameter (6.77 cm) and fruit weight (165.50 g) were also registered in Yogi which was at par with variety L-49. Highest fruit length (7.66 cm) was noted in variety Bhavanagar Red followed by Yogi. L-49 performed better for higher pulp weight, pulp seed ratio and lowest number of seed per fruit. Yogi displayed early bearing at 2nd year after TP. Likewise, maximum number of fruit per plant was noted in Bhavanagar Red which was at par with Yogi as compared to other cultivars. Yogi was also found better in terms of fruit yield. The quality parameters were found significant and highest TSS, non reducing sugar, total sugar, sugar acid ratio and lowest acidity were registered in Yogi and vice-versa for reducing sugar. Maximum ascorbic acid was recorded in Bhavanagar Red followed by L-49. Likewise highest shelf life was noted in L-49 followed by Yogi, which possesses rounded fruit shape with fine skin structure. The pulp color is also important character and pinkish red pulp was observed in Yogi which is most preferred by people as compared to white in L-49 and light pink in Bhavanagar red.

5 tables, 19 ref

023174   Varu D K;Barad A V;Dhruj I U (NO, Junagadh Agricultural Univ, Junagadh-362 001, Email: dkvaru@jau.in) : Geographical indication (GI) of kesar mango: a pride of saurashtra region. Int J Innovative Hort 2017, 6(1), 69-74.

Mango is the leading fruit crop of India and it possesses wide genetic diversity with more than 1000 varieties including landraces, indigenous, released and hybrids. The important commercial landraces like Kesar, Alphonso, Dasheri, Langra, Chausa, Fazali, Pairy, Dadmiyo, Totapuri, Rajapuri, Jamadar, Dudhpendo, Khodi, etc. are prominent in India. Among all the varieties and land races, Kesar is considered as a royal variety of mango. It has engrossing history connecting rulers of two state viz., Junagadh and Mangrol during the Nawab Era in Gujarat. It's history is closely associated with Girnar, the village Vanthali near to Junagadh and located in Gir forest; hence, it is also known as Gir Kesar. The name 'Kesar', meaning saffron in Gujarati, has been attributed due to the saffron colored pulp and distinct flavor. The area under cultivation of Kesar mango is increasing day by day in Gujarat and Maharashtra due to its increasing popularity. Kesar is replacing the other varieties of mango in the country. The productivity of Kesar is also notable which is about 7.5 to 8.0 t ha^-1, the fruits with chiseled and pleasant characteristics. It is tree is medium sized with vigorous and spreading habit and is regular in bearing. The fruits mature during April-May and their keeping quality is around 15-20 days. The fruits have unique and excellent characteristics like oblong shape, 250-300 g weight with small beak, deep green to yellow skin colour with pink spot on shoulder, saffron colored pulp (69%) with no fibre and flat stone (18%). The juice is semi solid, excellent sweet test with good aroma. Skin is medium thick about 13% of total fruit weight. The biochemical parameters like TSS (18-22 °B), acidity (0.25-0.27 %), Vitamin A (42.0 IU), Vitamin-C (42-48 mg 100 g^-1) and total sugar (12-13 %) were recorded. The sugar/ acid blend of pulp is excellent, hence the fruit is also suitable for table purpose. Due to its distinctive and naturally occurring organoleptic values which have won the patronage and recognition of discerning consumers to all over India and many corners of the world. Recently, the Geographical Indication (GI) Registration No. 185 had been granted by the Registrar of - 385 - Geographical Indication, Government of India, Chennai. This was achieved due to collaborative efforts of Gujarat Agro Industrial Corporation, Government of Gujarat, Ahmedabad and Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh. This is the first Geographical Indication (GI) granted to a fruit crop in Gujarat.

3 tables, 4 ref

023173   Vanaja M;Sathish P;Vijay Kumar G;Abdul Razzaq;Vagheera P;Lakshmi N J;Yadav S K;Sarkar B;Maheswari M (NO, Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad-500 059, Email: vanajamaddi@gmail.com) : Elevated temperature and moisture deficit stress impact on phenology, physiology and yield responses of hybrid maize. J Agrometeorol 2017, 19(4), 295-300.

A field experiment was conducted with maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid DHM-117 under elevated temperature and moisture deficit stress to assess the phenology, physiology, - 384 - biomass and yield responses. The elevated canopy temperature (ET) was maintained as 3°C above ambient canopy temperature (AT) in Free Air Temperature Elevation (FATE) facility and water deficit stress (WD) was imposed at initiation of tasseling stage in an open plot experiment to assess the impact of these two abiotic stresses. As compared with ambient control, the phenology of flowering with the ET was early as 3 days for anthesis, 1 day for silking and this increased 4 days for anthesis silking interval (ASI), while with WD, anthesis was delayed by 2 days, silking by 3 days and ASI increased by 3 days. It was observed that both ET and WD significantly decreased photosynthetic rate (32%, 24%), stomatal conductance (45%, 28%), transpiration rate (36<36>, 44%) while increased WUE (6%, 38%). It is interesting to record that there was reduction in total biomass was improved (27%, 8%) revealing that reproductive components are affected with these abiotic stresses thereby decreased HI (42%, 36%). The impact ET was more on seed set than seed filling as the reduction in test weight (8%) was higher than at WD (4%).

2 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

023172   Tupkanloo Z N;Yazdani S (Economics Dep, Islamic Azad Univ, Neyshabur Branch, Neyshabur, Iran, Email: zahra.noori.2007@gmail.com) : Impact of participation in non-agricultural activities on agricultural development. Agric Sci Dig 2017, 37(1), 37-41.

In this study, the impact of participation in non- agricultural activities on agricultural development have been studied. To achieve the objectives, the data in this study is related to the years 2016-2017. The studied population consisted of all farmers of five villages adjacent to Khayyam industrial estate that includes 544 persons which have been chosen randomly as the sample. The sample size was 358 based on Cochran formula and random stratified proportional to population size was used to choose the people of these villages. The research method is Cross - sectional. The main research tool was a questionnaire in order to gather the necessary information. In order to test the hypothesis, linear regression analysis was used. The results showed that farmers' participation in non-agricultural activities based in the industrial estate of Khayyam decreases agricultural production, reduces farmers' incomes, reduces farmers' demand for production inputs, reduces input purchasing power by farmers and decreases agricultural investment in the agricultural sector.

1 table, 17 ref

023171   Tripathi V;Lal G M (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, Email: vipintripathi93@gmail.com) : Screening of groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) genotypes for yield and yield contributing traits. J Ecofriendly Agric 2017, 12(2), 33-5.

Field screening of groundnut genotypes for their quantitative and seed quality traits carried out at Field Experimentation Center, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad during Kharif-2015 showed highly significant differences among genotypes for 12 quantitative and 4 quality characters studied. Genotype (ICG 13942) registering maximum pod and kernal yield of 66.4 and 36.67 g plant^-1 was identified as the best genotype. (ICG 3037) performed best in terms of pod and kernel length.

2 tables, 17 ref

023170   Tripathi A K;Gupta M K;Verma N;Sinha S; Bhushan A (Forest Ecology and Environment Div, Forest Research Institute, P.O. New Forest, Dehra Dun-248 006, Email: nemit.verma@gmail.com) : Antioxidative and biochemical responses in Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. seedlings growing under cobalt and lead stress. Indian J For 2016, 39(3), 211-6.

Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. is one of the most important timber species of India. It is used for high quality furniture, cabinets making and has pesticidal property. It is commonly planted tree species in urban and suburban areas, roadsides and industrial areas where the soil may be polluted with heavy metals such as Co or Pb. Lead (Pb) and Cobalt (Co) are one of the non essential and toxic heavy metals which can cause oxidative stress in plants. The concentrations of these heavy metals in the environment are currently increasing, due mainly to anthropogenic activities. The effect of these heavy metals on biochemical parameters and antioxidant activity were studied in leaves of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. grown under control laboratory conditions in pot culture and four levels of heavy metal stress (10, - 383 - 20, 30 and 40ppm Pb²⁺, Co²⁺). Six months exposure of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. plantlets to different concentration of Co or Pb in normal soil conditions elicited an antioxidative response, measured in terms of ascorbic acid, proline accumulation and biochemical responses in terms of protein and free amino acids. The results indicate that the proline, ascorbic acid contents increased with increase in Co and Pb amount in soil whereas the protein and total chlorophyll contents showed opposite trend.

6 illus, 55 ref

023169   Tiwari G;Galundia R (Human Development and Family Studies Dep, College of Home Science, Maharana Pratap Univ of Agriculture and Techn, Udaipur, Rajasthan) : Assessment of awareness level of school going rural youth towards agriculture. Agric Update 2016, 11(4), 438-5.

India is a developing nation and the youth constitutes almost more than half (65%) of the population of the nation. The rapid growth and diversification of developmental activities have resulted in much needed expansion of employment opportunities, but at the same time have triggered rural to urban migration. This trend has inadvertently resulted in shift of farm labour to non-farm sectors. In the present scenario, creating awareness about agriculture among school going rural youth is a dire need. The present study was conducted to assess the socio-economic status of rural youth, to find out the awareness level of school going rural youth regarding agriculture and its various aspects and to analyze the corelation between socio-economic status of rural youth with their awareness about agriculture. The sample from three villages viz., Kavita, Chikalwas and Thoor consisted of 450 youth selected from three classes i.e. 7th, 8th and 9th. Standarized tool developed by Aggarwal (2005) was used to collect data for socio-economic status. Checklist was prepared to find out awareness about agriculture. Data was analysed by using corelation, frequency and mean and percentage distribution. Results revealed that there was significant relationship between socio-economic status and agriculture awareness of rural youth. Majority of the respondents were from low and medium socio-economic status and had average awareness about agriculture and its various aspects. Proper steps should be taken at G.Os and N.G.Os level for channelizing youth towards agriculture for its sustainability.

7 tables, 4 ref

023168   Tiwari D K;Pareek B L;Singh B (NO, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural Univ, Bikaner, Rajasthan-334 006, Email: bsinghboya@gmail.com) : Effect of sulphur and iron levels on yield and nutrient content and uptake of clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] in arid region of Rajasthan. Ann agric Res 2017, 38(2), 208-11.

A field experiment was conducted on clusterbean during kharif 2012 at Agronomy farm of Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agriculture University, Bikaner. There were four levels of sulphur (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg S/ha) and four levels of iron (0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 kg Fe/ha) carried out to study the effect of sulphur and iron on yield and quality of clusterbean. The results indicated that application of 40 kg S/ha significantly increased - 382 - yield, nutrient content and uptake of cluster bean and remained at par with 60 kg S/ha. Result further indicated that the application of iron @ 5 kg/ha significantly increased seed, stover and biological yield, nutrient content of cluster bean and remained at par with 7.5 kg Fe ha^-1. However, S and Fe uptake in seed and straw and their total uptake significantly higher recorded with 60 kg S/ha and 7.5 kg Fe/ha over all other treatments.

3 tables, 12 ref

023167   Tharranuma M;Singh Y P;Kandpal B K;Singh K K; Pandey A C (Agromet Advisory Services Div, Indian Meteorological Department, New Delhi, Email: mtharranum@gmail.com) : Forewarning model development for mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi Kalt.) at Bharatpur and Hisar. J Agrometeorol 2017, 19(4), 334-41.

The weekly aphid population on timely sown mustard crop and daily weather parameters recorded at ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur and Hisar stations, during rabi seasons of 2003-04 to 2013-14 were used to develop forewarning model for aphid. In most of the cases, the appearance of population and its peak activity occurred during 51 standard meteorological week (SMW) and 8 SMW. The study revealed that the thermal time or growing degree days (GDD) consistently explained the aphid multiplication significantly in all seasons. The impact of other weather parameters on pest population was observed to be significant only in some seasons. The aphid population increased exponentially with increase in GDD. Further, the exponential coefficient varied among the varieties. The population build up was compared with the model predicted values in three common species (Brassica juncea, B. rapa ssp. sarson and B. napus) grown at two stations. The results revealed that the predicted values derived using the model, were in close agreement with those of the observed.

6 illus, 3 tables, 9 ref

023166   Thakur S V;Bhange S B (Extension Education Dep, Post Graduate Institute, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, Email: sayalithakur729@gmail.com) : Economic constraints faced by the mango growers. Agric Update 2017, 12(1), 133-6.

The major economic constraints faced by the mango growers were inadequate marketing channel, exploitation by commission agents, high fluctuation in the market price during season, high wages of labours, high cost of establishment of mango orchards, high cost of plant protection chemicals and equipments, lack of adequate economic policies, distant market for mango and high cost of transportation, high cost of packing material, chance of theft, lack of contract farming for mango, lack of co-operative marketing network and lack of export promotional strategies.

2 tables, 15 ref

023165   Thakur R;Sunil Kumar;Awasthi C P;Verma M L (NO, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalya, Palampur-176 062, Email: rishu_biochem@rediffmail.com) : Biochemical evaluation of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn). genotypes of cold desert of Himachal Pradesh. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2017, 14(2), 821-5.

The investigation reports the details biochemical characterization of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) genotypes. The grain samples of selected thirteen tartary buckwheat varieties/genotypes were evaluated using standard biochemical methods. Values for moisture, fat, ash, crude fibre, carbohydrates, total soluble protein, methionine, tryptophan and in vitro protein digestibility evaluated in the grains of tartary buckwheat genotypes - 381 - showed the range of variation from 10.3-11.5%, 1.9-2.5%, 1.8-2.3%, 7.1-7.9%, 63.8-67.4%, 9.8-11.3 %, 76.0-93.5 mg/g N, 68.2-78.0 mg/g N and 70.7-74.7 %, respectively. Overall superior multipurpose genotypes were identified as Sangla-B-106 followed by Shimla-B-1, Sangla-B-118 and Sangla-B-1 in tartary buckwheat grains based on desirable quality attributes in descending order.

2 tables, 16 ref

023164   Thakur I K (Tree Improvement & Genetic Resources COF Dep, Dr YS Parmar Univ of Horticulture & Forestry, Nauni, Solan-173 230, Email: ikuf@rediffmail.com) : Performance of different clones of Morus alba for morphometric traits in a clonal evaluation trial. Indian J For 2016, 39(4), 345-8.

Variation among different traits along with their correlation were studied in twenty seven clones of Moras alba. The significant differences were found among clones with respect to various morphometric traits. Moderate phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), heritability and genetic gain were recorded for green leaf yield, ramet height, leaf length, leaf width and basal diameter indicating that these characters can be more reliable for effective selection in future. Ramet height showed positive and significant correlation with basal diameter (0.5287), leaf length (0.4671), number of branches (0.6043), and green leaf yield (0.6893). Basal diameter, leaf length and leaf width also exhibited positive and significant correlation with green leaf yield i.e. 0.4705, 0.5714, 0.4813, respectively. Hence, these correlations can be useful in the indirect selection of the species.

4 tables, 13 ref

023163   Tarpara V D;Dhandhalya M G;Chavda H;Marviya P B (Agricultural Economics Dep, Junagadh Agricultural Univ, Junagadh-362 001, Email: vaju_tarpara@jau.in) : Benefits of price forecast to cumin growers in Gujarat. Int J Innovative Hort 2017, 6(1), 52-6.

The present study was undertaken to analyze the impact of price forecasts of cumin released by Market - 380 - Intelligence Centre of Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh in crop year 2015-16. Monthly time series data on wholesale prices of cumin for the period January, 1991 to January, 2016 were obtained from Unjha regulated market and used for price forecast. Various time series models were applied to analyze the data. ARIMA (0,1,1) model was found the best fitted model with lowest MAPE value and hence price was forecasted using this model. Finally a market advisory was prepared and released through different mass media like news papers, voice SMS, farmers trainings and university website. To study the impact assessment of price forecast, all the 30 targeted farmers, who attended the training conducted by Market Intelligence Centre of JAU, Junagadh, were aware with price forecast and adopted the price forecast suggestions. Further 30 non-targeted farmers selected were those who were not participants of the training programme. The price forecasted for months from February to April, 2016 was Rs. 12500 to 14000 per quintal and farmers were suggested to store cumin and sell after April 2016. On an average 3.38 ha area was operated under cumin by sample farmers. Average price received by the sample farmers during March-April 2016 was Rs. 11836.55 per quintal, where as the price of stored quantity of cumin realized by the sample farmers according to advice given by AMIC, JAU, Junagadh was Rs. 13473.25 per quintal after April 2016. Thus, an incremental income realized to the extent of Rs. 30505.27 per hectare by the farmers who sold their produce after April 2016.

2 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref