016320   Rathore L K;Sharma BK (Limnology and Fisheries Dep, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan) : Length-weight relationship and conditions factor of Catla catla in reservoir Udaisagar (Udaipur, Rajasthan). Int J Fish aqua Stud 2017, 5(4), 7-10.

The commercially important fish species of Udaisagar reservoir Catla catla was selected for their biological study. Present study which include the length-weight relationship and condition factor of Catla catla. The exponent values of total length and weight varied from 0.138 to 0.280. On the basis of exponent value of length-weight relation, it could be concluded that Catla catla attains more weight per unit of length in the Udaisagar reservoir. The values of condition factor (K) of Catla catla was also computed and found that the species performed well. The maximum of 'K' value was found 1.917 in Catla catla (group A). Observed condition factor of Catla catla reported that the fish were in well condition during the study period. On the basis of length-weight data, the regression equations of body weight on total body length were calculated. The higher values of 'n' could be attributed to high rate of weight increase - 336 - with per unit increase in length. The correlation co-efficient 'r' between total length and weight were found to be significant for all the length groups of Catla catla.

1 illus, 2 table, 18 ref

016319   Rathod K B;Lavhe N V;Lavhe N V;Giri V P; Kayande S G (Agricultural Entomology Dep, College of Agriculture, Nagpur, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapee, Akola-444 104) : Safety of organic products to the natural enemies in brinjal ecosystem. Pestology 2016, 40(6), 32-5.

An experiment was conducted to know the safety of organic products to the natural enemies in brinjal ecosystem. During the investigation, it was revealed that, control plot (T₈: water spray) were recorded maximum population of coccinellides, spiders and Chrysopa (i.e. 3.04, 2.33 and 1.80 per plant respectively). Amongst all the treatments of organic products jivamrut (T₄) 3% recorded higher number of coccinellides, spiders and Chrysopa (2.47, 1.80 and 1.38 per plant respectively), followed by neemastra (T₁) 3% by recording population 2.39, 1.74 and 1.32 per plant respectively, agniastra (T₃) 3% recorded population 2.20, 1.62 and 1.21 per plant respectively, bramhastra (T₂) 3% registered population 2.13, 1.56 and 1.17 per plant respectively, NSKE (T₆) 5% notifying population 2.04, 1.44 and 1.06 per plant respectively and neem oil (T₅ ) 4% were recorded population 1.95, 1.35 and 1.02 per plant respectively. Lowest in cypermethrin 25 EC @ 0.003% treated plot which recorded population 0.92, 0.68 and 0.51 per plant respectively, signifying least preference to chemical insecticide in brinjal ecosystem.

2 tables, 12 ref

016318   Rasal N A;Kalshetti M M;Latpate C B (Agril. Entomology College of Agriculture Dep, Latur, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani-413 512) : Evaluation on efficacy of new insecticides against tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura Fab. Pestology 2016, 40(5), 42-6.

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2011 to study the efficacy of new insecticides against tobacco caterpillar Spodoptera litura (Fab) on soybean crop Glycine max (L.). The experiment was conducted in kharif season at Experimental Field of Department of Entomology, College of - 335 - Agriculture, Latur, Marathwada Krishi Vidhyapeeth, Parbhani. The crop variety of soybean used for this experiment is JS-335. The pooled data showed that all the insecticidal treatments were significantly superior over untreated control in reducing the larval damage. The treatment with emamectin benzoate gave maximum protection when recorded up to14 days after application and reported 20.43% foliage damage. The highest residual toxicity to tobacco caterpillar recorded at three and seven day after application was exhibited in the treatment of emamectin benzoate under field condition. Among the different insecticidal treatments tested in field, emamectin benzoate alone showed significantly superiority in controlling larval population and thereby, reduction in leaf damage and increasing the grain yield.

3 illus, 1 table, 4 ref

016317   Ramya S S;Venkatesan T;Murthy K S;Jalali S K; Varghese A (NO, ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengalore-560 024, Email: tvenkat12@gmail.com) : Degradation of acephate by Enterobacter asburiae, Bacillus cersus and Pantoea agglomerans isolated from diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L), a pest of cruciferous crops. J envir Biol 2016, 37(4), 611-18.

Acephate-degrading bacterial isolates were isolated from the larval gut of diamondback moth Plutella xylostella, a notorious pest of cruciferous crops worldwide that has developed resistance to insecticides. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified the isolates as Bacillus cereus (PX-B.C.Or), Enterobacter asburiae (PXE), and Pantoae agglomerans (PX-Pt.ag.Jor). All isolates grew on minimal media (MM) in the presence of acephate at 100 and 200 ppm, with maximum growth at 200 ppm. LC-MS analyses of spent medium showed that E. asburiae degraded acephate to methamidophos and O, O-dimethyl phosporamidate and B. cereus O,S-dimethyl to phosphorothioate but P. agglomerans to an unnamed compound. All three isolates used acephate as a source of carbon and energy for growth; however, P. agglomerans used it also as source of sulphur. Strong evidence revealed that the bacterial communities present in the gut of diamondback moth might aid in acephate degradation and play a role in the development of insecticide resistance.

6 illus, 3 tables, 32 ref

016316   Ramesh Babu S;Meena P K;Dudwal R (Agricultural Research Station, Borwat Farm, Maharana Pratap Univ of Agriculture and Technology (MPUAT, Banswara-327 001, Email: babuento@yahoo.co.in) : Population dynamics of major defoliators (semiloopers and tobacco caterpillar) in soybean crop. Legume Res 2017, 40(1), 183-6.

A study was carried out to find out the effect of various weather parameters on the occurrence of major defoliators in soybean crop. Semilooper larval population was recorded late July/early August and their peak activity observed during 33-34, 33-36 and 37-39 standard weeks, in 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively. Among the weather factors, morning relative humidity showed significant (r=0.954) and positively, highly influence on the larval population per mrl whereas evening humidity (r=-0.644) and sunshine hrs (r=-0.367) negatively and significantly influence the larval population per mrl. The various weather parameters significantly caused 92 per cent variations in larval population per mrl. The moth catches of Spodoptera litura increased from late-August to late-September and this trend was almost similar in different kharif seasons observed. Larval population of S. litura positively correlated with pheromone trap catches during 2014.

3 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

016315   Ramasamy S M;Saravanavel J;Kumanan C J; Gunasekaran S (Centre for Remote Sensing, Bharathidasan Univ, Tiruchirappalli-620 023, Email: smrsamy@gmail.com) : Coordinates and chronology of the ancient Port city of Poompuhar, South India. Curr Sci 2017, 112(6), 112-15.

2 illus, 5 ref

016314   Rakholia D J;Bhaliya C M;Rajani V V;Patel P K (Plant Pathology Dep, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural Univ, Junagadh-362 001, Email: chirag_bhaliya@yahoo.com) : Efficacy of different plant extracts against Alternaria alternata causing Ripe fruit rot of chilli. Pestology 2016, 40(5), 51-3.

Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) is one of the most important spice crops grown in India. Since last few years chilli crop in Rajkot district of Gujarat was severely affected in scattered pocket by ripe fruit rot problem which causes considerable crop loss. Looking to the seriousness of the disease, present investigation was undertaken to find out suitable phytoextracts for minimizing the crop losses. The result of the various phytoextracts evaluated against Alternaria alternata revealed that garlic cloves extract proved to be the best sources of plant origin for the reduction of radial growth of fungal pathogen. Garlic cloves extract was highly inhibitory to the fungal growth followed by ardusi leaf extract and gave 58.96 and 33.83 percent inhibition respectively.

2 tables, 10 ref

016313   Rajput B S;Rajput R L (NO, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Gwalior-474 002, Email: dirvskvvgwl@gmail.com) : Response of promising - rainy summer season greengram (Vigna radiata (L) genotypes to phosphorus fertilization. Legume Res 2017, 40(1), 170-2.

Field experiments were conducted at Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya College of Agriculture, Gwalior during two kharif and summer seasons of 2009 and 2010 to study the effect of phosphorus levels and genotype on growth, yield and economics of greengram. Two years pooled results showed that the application of 60 Kg P2O5 /ha registered significantly higher yield (11.52 and 8.41 q/h), yield attributing characters, harvest index (33.61 and 27.86) net retreturn and B:C ratio (3.0 and 2.27) as compared to 30 kg P2O5 /ha during both kharif and summer seasons respectively. Among the genotypes on the basis of pooled data, genotype TM 99-50 gave significantly higher seed yield (13 and 9 q/ha kharif and Summer) yield attributing characters harvest index (37.06 and 30.96%) net return (Rs. 33320 and 19820 /ha) and B:C ratio (3.73 and 2.69) as compare to other genotype during both kharif and summer seasons. The second best genotype was TM 98-50 to augment these parameters. The lowest parameters were recorded in case of HUM-1 in kharif and TRAM-1 in summer season.

2 tables, 9 ref

016312   Pushpavalli S N C V L;Raja Rajwswari R (NO, Agricultural Research Station, Rangareddy, Tandur-501 141, Email: pvalli75@yahoo.co.in) : Discerning genetic diversity among super early pigeonpea germplasm using microsatellite markers. Legume Res 2017, 40(1), 191-5.

In the present study genetic diversity studies have been carried out using twenty four polymorphic SSR markers in a set of thirty five super early pigeonpea germplasm. The primers amplified a total of 69 alleles with 24 primers having highest PIC of 0.74. The SSR markers grouped the germplasm into four clusters based on jaccard's similarity coefficient. To test the goodness of fit of a clustering to a set of SSR data, cophenetic correlation coefficient or - 333 - cophenetic value was estimated using the COPH and MXCOMP options in NTSYS-pc program. The cophenetic value of 0.94 obtained using the SSR data indicated a very good fit. The polymorphic SSR primers could clearly distinguish the determinate germplasm and non-determinate germplasm. PCA revealed that phenotypic variation explained by the SSRs with first four PCs accounted to 65.4% of total variation. Analysis of molecular variance of pigeonpea germplasm has shown that approximately 1.2% of genetic diversity was within super early germplasm, 71% among germplasm, and 27% among determinate and indeterminate types.

2 illus, 4 tables, 22 ref

016311   Prasad P;Jatindra Kumar (Plant Pathology Dep, G.B Pant Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263 145, Email: pramoddewli@gmail.com) : Management of fusarium wilt of chickpea using brassicas as biofumigants. Legume Res 2017, 40(1), 178-82.

Phasing out of methyl bromide has resulted in the need for alternative strategies for the management of soilborne pests and diseases. Among several bioactive molecules, glucosinolates from Brassicaceae and their enzymatic degradation products, especially isothiocyanates formed by myrosinase enzyme, stand out as a promising alternative biofumigants. The effectiveness of biocidal compounds released from brassica species {Sinapis alba L. (syn. Brassica alba L.), B. nigra L., B. napus L., B. rapa L., B. juncea L. and B. carinata} tissue degradation on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris (Padwick) Matuo & K.Sato (F.o.c; causal agent of chickpea wilt) growth in vitro, propagule attrition in soil and incidence of chickpea wilt in the field was carried out. Brassica alba L. was found to be the most toxic as it resulted in maximum percent mycelial growth inhibition of the pathogen followed by B. nigra L. and B. juncea L. tissues. Under glasshouse conditions, B. nigra was found most effective in reducing the colony forming units of the pathogen followed by B. alba L. and B. juncea L.. Lowest wilt severity under field conditions was observed in B. juncea L. tissues while greatest grain yield was produced in B. alba L. amended plots. The present study showed that the soil amendment with brassicas might be a feasible non-chemical approach to manage fusarium wilt of chickpea.

4 tables, 19 ref

016310   Pireh P;Yadavi A;Balouchi H (Agronomy and Plant Breeding Dep, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj Univ, Yasouj, Iran, Email: yadavi@yu.ac.ir) : Effect of cadmium chloride on soybean in - 332 - prence of arbuscular mycorrhiza and vermicompost. Legume Res 2017, 40(1), 63-8.

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the combined effects of cadmium toxicity, application of vermicompost and inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhiza on soybean. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (factorial) and replicated thrice. The treatments included arbuscular mycorrhiza in two levels (inoculation and non- inoculation in soil), vermicompost in two levels (application @ 5 % of soil weight and non-application) and cadmium chloride in five levels (0, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg kg^-1 of soil). The result showed that increasing concentrations of cadmium chloride significantly increased electrolyte leakage and leaf transpiration, and decreased photosynthetic rate, Fv/Fm, root weight, pod number per plant and grain weight per plant. Application of vermicompost and mycorrhiza decreased the toxic effects of cadmium chloride. Application of vermicompost increased Fv/Fm, grain weight per plant, number pods per plant and seed oil percent, and application of mycorrhiza increased root weight and photosynthetic rate.

4 tables, 24 ref

016309   Pawar Y;Varma L R;Verma P;Joshi H N;More S G; Dabhi J S (Vegetable Science Dep, College of Horticulture, S. D. Agricultural Univ, Sardarkrushinagar-385 506, Email: yogesh517.pawar@gmail.com) : Influences of integrated use of organic and inroganic sources of ntrients on growth, flowering and yield of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) cv. bonneville. Legume Res 2017, 40(1), 117-24.

An experiment was conducted to examine the response of four different organic manures viz. farmyard manure, vermicompost, castor cake and poultry manure as a source of nitrogen with or without chemical fertilizers, phosphorus and potassium and biofertilizer i.e. PSB in a randomized block design with three replications during the rabi season of the year 2012 and 2013. The results revealed that, the significantly highest vine length at 60 (86, 84 and 85 cm) and 90 DAS (117, 120 and 119 cm) was recorded with T15 (Recommended dose of N as Vermicompost + P and K + PSB) during the year 2012, 2013 and in pooled analysis, respectively. The significantly early flowering (58.6, 59.3 and 59.0 days), maximum number of pods per plant (7.4, 7.7 and 7.5) and highest weight of pod (7.3, 7.0 and 7.1 g), maximum yield of pods per plot (5.3, 5.1 and 5.2 kg) and yield of pods per hectare (137.9 q, 134.9 q and 136.4 q) was recorded with T18 (Recommended dose of N as Poultry Manure + P and K + PSB) during the year 2012, 2013 and in pooled analysis, respectively.

4 tables, 28 ref

016308   Pawar S N;Salvi S P;Gajbhiye R C;Patil P D; Salvi B R (NO, Regional Fruit Research Station, Vengurle-416 516, Email: shalanpawar1@gmail.com) : Sensory attributes and microbial spoilage of cashew apple jam and nectar in different cashew varieties during storage. Pestology 2016, 40(4), 15-19.

The study was undertaken during the year 2014-15 at Regional Fruit Research Station, Vengurle (MS) to evaluate the sensory attributes and microbial spoilage of cashew apple jam and nectar in cashew varieties Vengurla-1 to Vengurla-8. The results revealed that overall acceptability was found maximum (3.11) in treatment T₈ (Vengurla-8) variety at 120 days of storage period for jam while, overall acceptability was found maximum at initial and 60 days while, decreased at 120 days of storage period for nectar. Among the different cashew varieties, Vengurla-8 variety was found best for the preparation of cashew apple jam and nectar. The microorganisms isolated during the storage period were Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolonifer. The microbial count of 7.6 x 10⁴cfu/g was observed highest in cashew apple jam of Vengurla-1 variety while Vengurla-8 variety had highest count 5.1 x 10⁴ cfu/ml for cashew apple nectar. The microbial growth was not seen in cashew apple jam of variety Vengurla-4 even at 120 days of storage period. Hence, Vengurla-4 variety was found most suitable for cashew apple jam and Vengurla-7 for cashew apple nectar.

3 tables, 6 ref

016307   Patial M;Thakur S R;Singh K P;Thakur A (ICAR-IARI, Regional Station, Amartara Cottage, Shimla-171 004, Email: mcaquarian@gmail.com) : Frequency and spectrum of chloropyll mutations and induced variability in ricebean (Vigna umbellata Thunb, Ohwi and Qhashi). Legume Res 2017, 40(1), 39-46.

A comparative study of frequency and spectrum of chlorophyll mutations induced by physical (gamma rays) and chemical mutagens (EMS) in relation to the effect of mutations in M1 plant, induction of mutants in M2 and variability studies in M3 generation was made in two ricebean (Vigna umbellata Thunb, Ohwi and Ohashi) varieties; one local (Totru Local) and one widely cultivated one (BRS-1) during 2005-2008. The treatments included three doses each of gamma rays (30, 40 and 50 kR) and EMS (0.50, 0.60 and 0.70%). Both gamma rays and EMS proved to be hazardous for germination and plant survival at higher dose and the comparative reduction in these characters was higher under EMS treatments than gamma rays. The frequencies and spectrum of five different kind of induced chlorophyll mutations was in the order; viridis <62> xantha = albina <62> chlorina <62> albo-viridis in BRS-1 and viridis <62> xantha <62> albina <62> chlorina = albo-viridis in Totru Local. EMS was found to be more effective in inducing maximum frequencies of chlorophyll mutants than gamma rays. Highest frequency of chlorophyll mutants were found under O.50% EMS in BRS-1 and 0.70% EMS in Totru Local. Genotypic differences were seen as highest frequency of mutations was observed in Totru Local which was more sensitive to mutagenic treatments than BRS-1. The coefficients of variation for all quantitative characters studied in M3 generation were of higher magnitude compared to control in both the cultivars. The lower doses (30kR in gamma rays and 0.50% in EMS) were found - 331 - to be the most important doses for inducing desirable variability in ricebean and three traits i.e. pods per cluster, seeds per pod and pod length showed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance in both BRS-1 and Totru Local indicating that breeding for these traits can be achieved by phenotypic selection.

2 illus, 3 tables, 30 ref

016306   Pathak N;Tiwari S;Mishra M K (Plant Breeding and Genetics Dep, Jawahar Lal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidhyalaya, Jabalpur-482 004, Email: nidhijnkvv@gmail.com) : Regeneration of plantlets from immature explants culture in Glycine max (L.) merrill. Legume Res 2017, 40(1), 69-73.

For plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis, immature cotyledonary nodes and embryonic axes explants of soybean cultivars JS 335 were cultured on six different medium fortified with MS salts, B5 vitamins and combinations of growth regulators. Between explants, immature embryonic axes demonstrated better regeneration potential as compared to cotyledonary node. For immature embryonic axes culture, better morphogenic callus induction, embryogenesis, organogenesis and plantlet regeneration was observed on MS with 4 B1.86N, MS 10N, MS .1B1N and MS.2B1N as compared to other media formulations. Cotyledonary nodes exhibited higher callus induction, embryogenesis, organogenesis on media with MS4 B1.86N, MS .1B1N, MS 3B6N and higher plantlet regeneration on media with MS.5B1N.

1 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

016305   Parmar J K;Patel K P (Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science Dep, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural Univ, Anand-388 110, Email: jkparmar.aau@gmail.com) : Effect of chromium and amendments on yield and heavy metals contents in different parts of wheat. Pollut Res 2016, 35(2), 381-7.

A pot-house experiment was carried out at Micronutrient Project, AAU, Anand to study the effect of Cr levels (0, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg kg^-1 soil) in presence and absence of amendments (FYM and gypsum) on wheat on coarse loamy soil with three replications under factorial completely randomized block design. Cr application at Cr10 level; and the increase was by 9.2 per cent over control whereas Cr80 level reduced grain yield significantly by 78.11 per cent over control. It was observed that plant could not survive at Cr160. Similar results were also noted in straw yield of wheat. The grain and straw yield were improved due to application of FYM and gypsum The harmful effect of Cr was minimized to some extent at lower level of Cr i.e. Cr10 applied along with amendments. The Cr content in grain, straw, husk and root of wheat significantly increased with Cr level. The highest Cr content of grain (11.35 μg g^-1), straw (8.12 μg g^-1), husk (4.83 μg g^-1) and root (16.32 μg g^-1) were recorded due to effect of Cr80. While reverse trend was observed in case of Ni content of grain, straw, husk and root of wheat as well as Pb content of straw and root of wheat. The Pb content in grain and husk was significantly higher due to application of Cr40 and Cr80, respectively. The Cr content in different parts of wheat was significantly higher in control (Am0). The gypsum application decrease the Cr content of wheat grain by 33 per cent over control, while in case of Cr content of straw, husk and root of wheat were significantly decreased by 36.63, 18.04 and 22.23 per cent due to application of FYM over corresponding control. The Ni content of grain and straw of wheat were found increased due to effect of gypsum - 330 - over control while Ni and Pb of wheat husk as well as Pb content of wheat straw was significantly decreased due to gypsum over control, respectively. The Cr content of grain, straw and husk as well as root of wheat significantly increased with increase in Cr with and without amendment. The highest Cr content in wheat was recorded at Cr160 application alone in grain, straw, husk and root of wheat due to interaction effect. The highest Ni content of grain and straw was found due to FYM application without Cr; while, Ni content of husk and wheat roots was found significantly higher in absolute control.

4 tables, 42 ref

016304   Parmar J K;Patel K P (Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science Dep, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural Univ, Anand-188 110, Email: jkparmar.aau@gmail.com) : Effect of CR and amendments on yield and micronutrients contents in different parts of wheat. Pollut Res 2016, 35(2), 363-71.

A pot-house experiment was carried out at Micronutrient Project, AAU, Anand to study the effect of Cr levels - 329 - (0, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg kg-1 soil) in presence and absence of amendments (FYM and gypsum) on wheat on coarse loamy soil with three replications under factorial completely randomized block design. The Cr application at Cr10 level; and the increase was by 9.2 per cent over control whereas Cr80 level reduced grain yield significantly by 78.11 per cent over control. It was observed that plant could not survive at Cr160. Similar results were also noted in straw yield of wheat. The grain and straw yield were improved due to application of FYM and gypsum. The harmful effect of Cr was minimized to some extent at lower level of Cr i.e. Cr10 applied along with amendments. The Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu content of husk, grain, root and straw, increased up to Cr10 due to effect of Cr at Cr10; thereafter it significantly decreased. Similar results were also found in case of Mn content of root up to Cr20 level. The Zn, Cu and Mn content of straw, husk and root were found to be decreased with increase in Cr levels. The FYM significantly increased Mn, Zn and Cu content in grain, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu content of straw, Fe and Mn content of husk and Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu content of roots of wheat over control. However, the effect of FYM was at par with gypsum in most of the cases. Similarly, effect of gypsum enhanced the increased of Fe content of wheat grain as well as Zn and Cu content of wheat husk over control being at par with FYM. The micronutrients content in different parts of wheat were not influenced due to effect of Cr X Am interaction, except Cu content of wheat husk.

9 tables, 36 ref

016303   Panchbhaiya A;Singh D K;Jain S K (Vegetable Science Dep, College of Agriculture, G.B. Pant Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263 145, Email: dksinghbais@gmail.com) : Inter-characters association studies for morphological, yield and yield attributes in the germplasm of french bean (Phseolus vulgaris L.) in Tarai region of Uttarakhand, India. Legume Res 2017, 40(1), 196-9.

The 74 french bean genotypes were evaluated for twenty two quantitative traits to study the character association and path analysis during Jan- May, 2014. Pod yield was highly significant and positive correlated with days to 50% flowering, seed yield per plant, plant height, number of pods per plant, number of pod clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of seeds per pod, pod length and weight of single pod. Path coefficient analysis revealed that single pod weight and number of pods per plant had the highest positive contribution towards the pod yield.

2 tables, 18 ref

016302   Ozel H B (Silviculture Dep, Faculty of Forestry, Bartin Univ, Bartin-74100, Turkey, Email: hallibarisozel@yahoo.com) : Effects of selected pre-treatments on germination of seeds of oriental hornbeam (Corpinus orientalis). J envir Biol 2016, 37(4), 503-8.

In the present study, the effect of some pre-treatments implemented on seeds of Oriental hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis), which has wide geographical variation along Turkey on germination percentage values were investigated. For this purpose, 13 different pre-treatments were implemented to seeds obtained from 17 different populations. According to the obtained results (except control seeds), pre-treatments leading to lowest germination percentage value (8.1%) in Oriental hornbeam seeds was PT10: Keeping seeds for 90 min in sulfuric acid, while highest germination percentage (86.58%) has been obtained with pre-treatment PT13: Implementation of 40% dose of Baikal EM1 + Biohoumous mixture to the seeds, while lowest germination percentage (40.50%) was observed on seeds collected from P7 (Bartin-Kozcagiz) population, highest germination percentage was observed in seeds obtained from P17 (Artvin-Hopa) population.

1 illus, 4 tables, 17 ref

016301   Noori T;Patro H;Ray M (Agronomy Dep, Orissa Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, Email: monikarayouat@gmail.com) : Integrated weed management in wheat. Life Sci Bull 2016, 13(2), 115-20.

India has a wide range of agro climates and soil types. The highly diverse agriculture and fanning systems are beset with different types of weed problems. Weeds cause 10-80% crop yield losses besides impairing product quality and causing health and environmental hazards. Traditionally, weed control has been largely dependent on manual weeding. However, increased labour scarcity and costs are encouraging farmers to adopt labour and cost- saving options. These include herbicides whose market grew at an annual rate of 15%. Integrated weed management (IWM) is being practiced by Indian farmers, with the level of adoption varying from one farm to the other. Research on weed management in India is mostly centred on herbicide efficacy. Herbicides, applied alone or in combinations, have been regarded as essential tools in the effective management of weeds in different-ecosystems. IWM, which includes preventative, - 328 - mechanical, cultural, chemical and biological methods, are advocated in crop production systems. Weed management approaches must be developed considering the threat of weeds appearance in addition to the recurrence and persistence of weeds and the need to bring down weed management costs to enhance profit for fanners while protecting the environment. An effort has been made in this investigation to identify the predominant weeds occurring with wheat crop, evaluate the effect of integrated weed management on weed control, crop growth, yield and yield attributes of wheat, nutrient uptake by weed and wheat and economics of different weed control treatments.

^iia28 ref

016300   Nandikeswari R;Sambasivam M;Mohan P M (Ocean Studies and Marine Biology Dep, Pondicherry Univ, Port Blair, Email: navinpraem@gmail.com) : Comparative study on condition factors of Terapon jarbua and Terapon puta from Puducherry waters. Indian J Geomar Sci 2017, 46(2), 245-9.

The condition factor values between male and female Terapon jarbua and Terapon puta were examined. Mean values of both the species showed there was statistically slight difference and the difference was in favour of female. From the present study, it is noticed that the K_n values of male and female Terapon jarbua and Terapon puta are greater than one in most of the months in the year 2009-2010.

2 illus, 2 tables, 33 ref

016299   Murthu A S M;Rajesh D P;Benakappa S; Anjanayappa H N;Somashekara S R;Prakash D P (Fisheries Resources and Management Dep, Karnataka Vet., Ani. and Fisheries Sci. Univ., Mangalore, Karnataka, Email: d.prajesh@yahoo.com) : Spawning frequencies and breeding seasons of Cociella crocodila (Tilesius, 1812) from Mangalore coast. Life Sci Bull 2016, 13(2), 181-4.

Maturation studies carried out on Cociella crocodila samples collected from commercial landings from October,2006 to May, 2007 showed the dominance of male with male to female ratio of 1:0.98. The Gonado Somatic Index values ranged between 1.5386-4.8541 in male and in case of female, fluctuated between 1.93-40.82. The fecundity ranged from 9405-19384 eggs with an average of 13,252 eggs. The ova diameter ranged from 0.203-0.592 mm. Analysis of size at first maturity of Cociella crocodila, using cumulative frequency method showed that female attained first maturity at 205 mm (TL) while the male at 195 mm (TL). The logarithm relationship between fecundity, total length, body weight and ovary weight were also calculated.

5 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

016298   Murlidharan P;Singh A K;Ramgiry S R (Plant Breeding and Genetics Dep, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, Email: pooja.dsr@gmail.com) : Therapeutic role and health benefits of soybean in vegetarian diet - present scenario. Life Sci Bull 2016, 13(2), 125-8.

This review is intended to provide information on recent research on the nutritional value of the soybean, how soy can be used in the vegetarian and vegan diet, its use in diet therapy for some diseases, and role of isoflavones in health outcomes. Soy consumption has also been well studied for meeting nutritional needs of vegetarians and vegans, and those with health issues such as chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Much research has been focused on the nutritional composition of soybeans in the past 30 years; in particular breeding and genetic - 327 - engineering have the potential to alter soybeans. Finally, bioactive components of soybean, including isoflavones, have emerging role, but there are complicating results regarding correlations and effects on health outcomes, including reducing menopausal symptoms, reducing risk of bone disease and some cancers. The purpose of this review is to provide information regarding recent advances in the composition of soybean, its use in health and disease.

1 table, 22 ref

016297   Murasing C;Das P;Kalita S (NO, Assam Agricultural Univ, Jorhat-785 013, Email: murasinghchitragupta@gmail.com) : In vitro compatibility and combined effect of Beauveria bassiana (Deuteromycetes) and Phlogocanthus thyrsiflorus Nees (acanthaceae) against Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Pestology 2016, 40(4), 34-9.

Experiments on in vitro compatibility of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Deuteromycetes) with leaf extracts of Phlogocanthus thyrsiflorus Nees (Acanthaceae) revealed that water extract of P. thyrsiflorus was moderately toxic ('T' value - 55.47) to B. bassiana recording highest of 2.55 cm radial growth and 68.07% conidial germination. Whereas ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol and petroleum ether extract of P. thyrsiflorus was found to be very toxic (toxic ('T' value - 11.79 to 26.10) to B. bassisana recording 14.74, 22.67 and 32.62% conidial germination, respectively. Study on combined effect of P. thyrsiflorus and B. bassiana on adult Callosobruchus chinensis (L.). (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) revealed that B. bassiana at 8.13 x 10⁷ conidia/ml concentration in combination with P. thyrsiflorus at 5% concentration recorded the highest of 98.33% adult mortality at 6days after treatment (DAT). However, B. bassiana at all the concentration coupled with P. thyrsiflorus showed cent percent adult mortality at 9 DAT.

2 tables, 28 ref

016296   Murasing C;Das P;Kalita S (NO, Assam Agricultural Univ, Jorhat-785 013, Email: surjit_kalita@yahoo.com) : In vitro compatibility and combined effect of Beauveria bassiana (Deuteromycetes) and Phlogocanthus thyrsiflorus nees (Acanthaceae) - 326 - against Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) (Coleoptera: bruchidae). Pestology 2016, 40(6), 46-50.

Experiments on in vitro compatibility of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Deuteromycetes) with leaf extracts of Phlogocanthus thyrsiflorus Nees (Acanthaceae) revealed that water extract of P. thyrsiflorus was moderaly toxic ('T' value - 55.47) to B. bassiana recording highest of 2.55 cm radial growth and 68.07% conidial germination. Whereas ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol and petroleum ether extract of P. thyrsiflorus was found to be very toxic ('T' value -11.79 to 26.10) to B. bassiana recording 14.74, 22.67 and 32.62% conidial germination, respectively. Study on combined effect of P. thyrsiflorus and B. bassiana on adult Callosobruchus chinensis (L.). (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) revealed that B. bassiana at 8.13 x 10⁷ conidia/ml concentration in combination with P. thyrsiflorus at 5% concentration recorded the highest of 98.33% adult mortality at 6 days after treatment (DAT). However, B. bassiana at all the concentration coupled with P. thyrsiflorus showed cent percent adult mortality at 9 DAT.

30 tables, 28 ref

016295   Monroy-Dosta M D C;et al (Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Live Food Chemical Analysis, Mexico) : Functional foods in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) production. Int J Fish aqua Stud 2017, 5(4), 17-23.

Nowadays, diet optimize and disease control are two principal goals to guarantee aquaculture expansion. Considering that the organisms are in captivity, it is difficult to provide all nutrients that organisms need in culture systems, that is why it is important to add different substances to improve their nutritional condition and obtain better growth and reproduction rates. For this reason, alternatives to improve nutrition and reduce diseases, using different strategies applied until now, have been researched. Such is the use of functional foods including nutraceuticals, prebiotics, probiotics and symbiotic, as a tool which allow counteract use of antibiotics, hormones and chemotherapeutics because of adverse effects that they generate. In Mexico, rainbow trout culture, for their economic value, occupies seventh place with an annual growth of 3.98% in last 10 years, which denotes the importance of the species. The goal of this study was to make a functional food review and their obtained benefits until now in Oncorhynchus mykiss.

5 table, 71 ref

016294   Mondal B;Singh A;Yadav A;Tomar R S S;Vinod; Singh G P;Prabhu K V (Crop Improvement Div, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208 024, Email: vinodkgen@gmail.com) : QTL mapping for early ground cover in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under drought stress. Curr Sci 2017, 112(6), 1266-71.

Early vigour had been a target trait for developing wheat varieties tolerant to moisture stress. Manifestation of this trait depends on the relative efficiency of a genotype to utilize the residual soil moisture and dew precipitation, thereby developing a good canopy in lesser time after emergence. Lack of proper quantification system had always prevented the use of early vigour as a dependable selection parameter under field conditions. Digital imaging intervention has facilitated phenotyping this parameter in the form of early ground cover (EGC). Utilizing this phenotyping strategy, we have identified a quantitative trait locus for EGC located on the chromosome 6A (short arm) with a significant additive component under moisture stress in the north western plain zone of India.

4 illus,m 3 tables, 17 ref

016293   Mishra B K;Dubey P N;Kant K (NO, ICAR-NRC on Seed Spices, Tabiji, Ajmer-305 206, Email: bkmmicro@gmail.com) : Molecular diversity of rhizobial isolates of horse gram [Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam) Verdc.] and its biochemical characterization under in-vitro conditions. Legume Res 2017, 40(1), 87-93.

The present research was conducted to isolate and characterize native rhizobium isolates from the root nodules of horse gram [MACROTYLOMA UNIFLORUM [Lam] Verdc.] plants grown under sub-humid to semi-arid regions of Rajasthan in India. These plants were collected from various locations of Rajasthan viz; Banswara, Bhilwara, Pratapgarh and Udaipur districts in India under variable agro-climatic regions. Total nine rhizobial isolates were - 325 - characterized based on morphological and biochemical analysis. Majority of the isolates showed pH, NaCl concentration and temperature tolerance between 6.0to 8.0, 0.5 to 3.0 per cent and 34 to 40 0C respectively. The horse gram rhizobium isolate R5 showed tolerant towards temperature and NaCl concentration upto 450C and 5% respectively whereas the isolate R3 showed positive growth upto alkaline pH of 10.0. The molecular characterization based on RAPD revealed that rhizobium isolates are closely related to each other as only two major clusters was formed based on Jaccards, s similarity coefficient.

4 illus, 3 tables, 24 ref

016292   Meshram P B (NO, Tropical Forest Research Institue (TFRI), P.O.RFRC, Mandla Road, Jabalpur-48202, Email: pbmeshram1959@gmail.com) : Seasonal incidence and extent of damage of bark eating caterpillar, Indarbela quadrinotata in emblica officinalis plantation ecosystem. J appl Zool Res 2017, 28(1), 45-50.

Bark eating caterpillar, Indarbela quadrinotata Walk. (Lepidoptera: Metarbelidae) is one of the key insect pests of Indian gooseberry, Emblica officinalis. On the basis of present study, it was recorded that seasonal incidence of bark eating caterpillar, I. quadrinotata showed a positive correlation with the mean relative humidity. The observations also reveal an increasing incidence with rise in relative humidity. During the year 2013-14, per cent incidence of I. quadrnotata exhibited highly significant (1% level) and positive correlation with the relative humidity (minimum), whereas during the year 2014-15, per cent incidence of I. quadrnotata exhibited significant correlation with both minimum and maximum relative humidity. The extent of damage revealed that incidence of I. quadrinotata was very low in well managed plantations of E. officinalis raised by CFRHRD, Chhindwara followed by plantation raised by M/S Jaisco Agro Farm, Badwaha (Khargon). The incidence of this pest was very high in poorly managed plantations at Compartment No. 507, Lawada/Balaghat, Sonaghati/Betul, Hardi / Rewa and TFRI, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.

4 illus, 3 table, 12 ref

016291   Memon K H;Liu Q;Shaikh Q U;Kalhoro M A;Chang M S;Memon A M;Ruk M;Ujjan S A (NO, College of Fisheries, Ocean Univ of China, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China, Email: qunliu@ouc.edu.cn) : Applications of CEDA (catch effort data analysis) computer software in estimation of maximum sustainable yieldof the black pomfret Parastromateus niger fishery from Pakistani waters. Indian J Geomar Sci 2017, 46(3), 576-81.

The surplus production models of Fox, Schaefer and Pell-Tomlinson with three error assumptions of normal, log-normal and gamma were used to analyze the catch and effort data of Black PomfretParastromateus niger fishery from Pakistani waters using the computer software package CEDA (catch effort data analysis).When using initial proportion of 0.4 (because the initial catch was roughly 40% of the maximum catch) the estimated maximum sustainable yield (MSY) were about 2000-2300t, the coefficient determination R² were about 0.20-0.31. Gamma error assumption often showed minimization failure. The estimated MSY from CEDA is smaller than most recent catch of the fishery which indicates that the fishery of P. niger in Pakistani waters may not be in a sustainable condition.

2 illus, 3 tables, 21 ref

016290   Meena M L;Dheeraj Singh (Krishi Vigyan Kendra, CAZRI, Pali-Marwar-306 401, Email: mlmeenacazri@gmail.com) : Technological and extension yield gaps in greengram in Pali district of Rajasthan, India. Legume Res 2017, 40(1), 187-90.

The technological gap between existing and recommended technologies of greengram crop was studied during 2012, 2013 and 2014. The study in total 40 frontline demonstrations was conducted on farmers' fields in five adopted villages. The findings of the study revealed that improved technology recorded a mean yield of 982 kg/ha which was 35.5% higher than obtained with farmers' practice (755 kg/ha). The study exhibited mean extension gap of 267 kg/ha, technology gap of 368 kg/ha with mean technology index of 27.3%. An additional investment of Rs. 1470 /ha coupled with recommended nutrient, water management, plant protection measures, scientific monitory and non-monetary factors resulted in additional mean returns of Rs.10970/ha. Higher mean net income of Rs. 46030/ha with a Benefit: Cost ratio of 4.3 was obtained with improved technologies in comparison to farmers' practices (Rs. 38775/ha).The frontline demonstrations conducted on greengram at the farmers' field revealed that the adoption of improved technologies significantly increased the yield as well as yield attributing traits of crop and also the net returns to the farmers.

4 tables, 18 ref

016289   Mandal R B;Rai S;Shrestha M K;Jha D K;Pandit N P (NO, Agriculture and Forestry Univ, Bharatpur, Nepal) : Comparison of abundance of zooplankton between red bloom and non-red bloom carp ponds of Nepal. Int J Fish aqua Stud 2017, 5(4), 47-53.

The present study was carried out to compare abundance of zooplankton between red bloom and non-red bloom carp ponds in summer, autumn, winter and spring seasons from June 2015 to May 2016. Combined mean density of Rotifers, Cladocera and Copepods did not differ significantly (P<62>0.05) between red bloom and non-red bloom carp ponds indicated that red bloom did not affect zooplankton population. Density of Rotifers and Copepods in red bloom carp ponds were significantly (P<60>0.05) higher in summer season than non-red bloom carp ponds corresponding to euglenophytes abundance. Rotifers density was significantly (P<60>0.05) higher (253±29 cells L^-1) in red bloom carp ponds than nonred bloom (155±12 cells L^-1) carp ponds in summer season. Copepods density was found significantly (P<60>0.05) higher (1060±50 cells L^-1) in red bloom carp ponds than non-red bloom carp ponds (393±40 cells L^-1) in summer season. Zooplankton density showed a significant correlation (P<60>0.05) with TDS (r = 0.343) and conductivity (r = 0.367).

3 table, 37 ref

016288   Mamrutha H M;Nataraja K N;Rama N;Kosma D K; Mogili T;Jhansi Lakshmi K;Udaya Kumar M;Jenks M A (Crop Physiology Dep, Univ of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru-560 065, Email: nnkaraba@uasbangalore.edu.in) : Leaf surface wax composition of genetically diverse mulberry (Morus sp.) genotypes and its close association with expression of genes involved in wax metabolism. Curr Sci 2017, 112(4), 759-66.

Silkworm (Bombyx mori), the primary producer of silk, has strong feeding preference for most turgid and hydrated mulberry leaves. In a previous study, we showed positive correlation between moisture retention capacity (MRC) of the mulberry leaf and leaf surface wax amount. In the present study, we examined wax constituents in genotypes that exhibited a wide range of leaf surface wax amount and MRC. Gas chromatographic analysis revealed that acids, alkanes, aldehydes, primary alcohols, iso-alkanes, triterpenoids and esters were among mulberry waxes identified and the major being alkanes. The highest total leaf wax amount was 1006.8 μg dm^-2 in the V1 genotype whereas S-36 had the least wax at 436.9 μg dm^-2. The alkanes were dominated by those having 25, 27, 29, 31 and 33 carbons, with C₃₁ compounds being the most abundant. RNA-blot hybridization performed with 13 wax biosynthesis associated genes using - 323 - heterologous probes revealed a close association between surface wax composition and expression levels of genes associated with wax elongation (CUT1, KCS1). The association was also established with homologous probes of KCS1, WAX2, CUT1 and LTP1-like genes. In summary, regulation of early wax precursor metabolism is a likely contributor to the variation observed in leaf wax composition in mulberry.

5 illus, 4 table, 40 ref

016287   Mahendran S;Saravanan S (Microbiology Dep, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous), Sivakasi-626 124, Email: mahi.ran682@gmail.com) : Molecular taxonomy of green seaweeds Ulva lactuca and Caulerpa taxifolia through phylogenetic analysis. Indian J Geomar Sci 2017, 46(2), 414-9.

Molecular identification of green alga Ulva lactuca and Caulerpa taxifolia have studied in this present study. The GrbcL primer and 18S rRNA primer were used for DNA sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses with aligned sequences were performed using the neighbour joining (NJ) method and maximum parsimony (MP) algorithms available in the computer program MEGA6. This study may given a clear taxonomical idea for the future research.

2 illus, 2 tables, 27 ref

016286   Mahapatro G K (ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, , Pusa, New Delhi-110 012, Email: gagan_gk@rediffmail.com) : Can insecticide resistance be developed in termites?. Curr Sci 2017, 112(6), 1097-8.

16 ref

016285   Liu X;Li F;Yang Q;Wang X (Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming Univ of Science and Technology, Kunming-650 500, Email: lpfu6@163.com) : Effects of alternate drip irrigation and superabsorbent polymers on growth and water use of young coffee tree. J envir Biol 2016, 37(4), 485-91.

Objectives is to obtain optimal irrigation management for young coffee tree, the effects of alternate drip irrigation (ADI) and superabsorbent polymers on physiology, growth, dry mass accumulation and water use on one-year old Coffea arabica L. tree were investigated. This experiment had three drip irrigation methods, i.e., conventional drip irrigation (CDI), - 322 - alternate drip irrigation (ADI) and fixed drip irrigation (FDI), and two levels of superabsorbent polymers, i.e., no superabsorbent polymers (NSAP) and added superabsorbent polymers (SAP). Compared to CDI, ADI saved irrigation water by 32.1% and increased water use efficiency (WUE) by 29.9%. SAP increased root-shoot ratio, total dry mass and WUE by 20.3, 24.9 and 33.0%, respectively, when compared to NSAP. Compared to CDI with NSAP treatment, ADI with SAP treatment increased total dry mass by 13.8% and saved irrigation water by 34.4%, thus increased WUE by 73.4%, and it increased root activity, the contents of chlorophyll and soluble sugar in leaves by 162.4, 38.0 and 8.5%, but reduced the contents of proline and malondialdehyde in leaves by 7.2 and 9.7%, respectively. Thus, alternate drip irrigation with superabsorbent polymers increased the growth and WUE of young Coffea arabica L. tree and was optimal irrigation management for young coffee tree.

2 illus, 3 tables, 37 ref

016284   Li J;Luo Y W (NO, Jinling Institute of Technology, 210038, Nanjing, P.R. China, Email: luoyw404@sohu.com) : Soluble sugars and myo-inositol phosphates during germination and seedling growth of green and white faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Legume Res 2017, 40(1), 47-54.

The soluble sugar and myo-inositol phosphates in the cotyledons and embryo axis during germination and seedling growth of green and white faba beans, were studied with an objective to analyze the precise distribution of these compounds in the different parts of faba bean seeds. In green and white faba beans the raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) for establishing their nutritional relevance, were estimated mainly in the cotyledons which were drastically reduced within 2 days after imbibition (DAI). During germination and seedling growth phytates content was reduced in cotyledon (20-23%) and embryo axis (83-90%).

8 tables, 28 ref

016283   Lal G;Singh R;Mehta R S;Sharma Y K;Kant K; Maheria S P (NO, ICAR-National Researh Centre on Seed Spices, Tabiji, Ajmer-305 206, Email: gla67@yahoo.co.in) : Standardization of organic module for sustainable production of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.). Legume Res 2017, 40(1), 144-9.

A field experiment on the standardization of organic module for production of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) was conducted during rabi season of 2009-10 to 2012-13 (four - 321 - years). The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of three organic modules (M1, M2 and M3) and two fenugreek varieties (AFg-1 and RMt-305) with four replications. Findings of present study showed significant differences among the performance of different organic modules tested for two fenugreek varieties. Organic module-1 (M1)comprising of soil application of vermi-compost @5 t/ha+ foliar spray of 5% garlic extract @ 2.0 kg/ha + 2% neem oil @ 5 litre/ha+ soil application of neem cake @150 kg/ha and Trichoderma @ 2.5 kg/ha, seed treatment with Rhizobium @100 ml/kg seed, PSB @ 100 ml/kg seed and Trichoderma @10 g/kg seed exhibited earliest seed germination and maximum plant height (5.78, 19.69, 43.39 and 50.97 cm) at 30, 60, 90 DAS and at harvest, respectively with maximum number of branches (6.76/ plant), number of pods (42/ plant), number of seeds (16.01/ pod), highest grain yield (1515.21 kg/ha), gross return (100004) and net returns (66741) in fenugreek crop. Similarly significant differences were recorded in the performance of fenugreek varieties under different organic modules and the highest plant height, maximum number of branches and pods per plant, highest number of seeds per pod with maximum grain yield (1568.36 kg/ha), gross returns (103512), net returns (71399) with higher B:C ratio (2.22) were recorded in fenugreek variety AFg-1 than variety RMt-305. Cultivation of fenugreek variety AFg-1 with the application of Module-1 exhibited maximum values for all the growth parameters, yield attributing characters, maximum grain yield, net returns with improvement in soil organic carbon % (OC) and soil fertility (available N, P and K) after 4 crop cycles. Hence, variety AFg-1 is recommended to grow organically with the application of Module-1 (M₁) under semi-arid environmental conditions.

2 tables, 23 ref

016282   Kusvuran S;Dasgan H Y (NO, Cankiri Karatekin Univ Kizilirmak Vocational High School, 18100, Cankiri, Turkey, Email: skusvuran@gmail.com) : Effect of drought stress on physiological and biochemical changes in Phaseolus vulgaris L.. Legume Res 2017, 40(1), 55-62.

The study investigated different levels (S1: 100% of field capacity- Control S2: 50% of field capacity-moderate stress; S3: 0% of field capacity-severe stress) of drought stress on oxidative damages and variations in antioxidants in the two bean varieties Bn-16 (drought-sensitive), Bn-150 (drought-tolerant) to elucidate the antioxidative protective mechanism governing differential drought tolerance. The shoot fresh weight, shoot height, leaf number and area, RWC were reduced with different level of drought stress. However this reduction clearly occurred in Bn-16 (sensitive). Antioxidative enzyme activities, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutation reductase, had a greater increase in tolerant genotypes (Bn-150) than in sensitive ones (Bn-16). The level of lipid peroxidation was measured by estimating malondialdehyde content. Lipid peroxidation increased with increasing drought conditions in all genotypes, although Bn-150 was the least affected when compared with the other genotype. Total phenolic and flavonoid content increased in bean genotypes under S2 and S3 conditions. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents were attained in Bn-150 subjected to S3 treatment. These results indicated that an antioxidant defence system, osmolytes (such as proline), and secondary metabolites play important roles in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) during drought stress and recovery.

9 illus, 1 table, 40 ref

016281   Kol H S;Ozbay G (Forest Products Engineering Dep, Forestry Faculty, Karabuk Univ, Karabuk-78050, Turkey, Email: hashinkol@karabuk.edu.tr) : Adhesive bond performance of heat-treated wood at various conditions. J envir Biol 2016, 37(4), 557-64.

Heat treatment of wood leads to chemical, structural and physical changes in wood constituents, which can significantly affect the bonding performance of wood in several ways depending on the adhesive type used. In the present study, fir (Abies bornmulleriana Mattf.) and beech (Fagus orientalis L.) were heat treated at 170°C, 180°C, 190°C, 200 and 212°C for 2 hours. Four different types of adhesives were used for bonding process: melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF), melamine formaldehyde (MF), phenol formaldehyde (PF), and polyurethane (PUR). For all the pretreatment - 320 - conditions, highest shear strength of adhesive bonds of each adhesive system was observed for untreated samples and shear strength decreased with increasing heat treatment. The strength of each adhesive bond of samples which were soaked in water was much less than dry samples, approximately half of the dry strength. Generally, the shear strength of the adhesive bonds after boiling was smaller than or similar to the values obtained for soaking. The untreated samples lost more strength after soaking and boiling than heat treated samples. With increasing heat treatment severity, reduction in shear strength increased in dry samples while decreased in soaking and boiling samples. For instance, after soaking, the untreated samples lost more strength (almost 39%) than heat treated samples (almost 24% for most severely heat treated samples). The results showed that the shear strength of adhesive bonds was influenced by heat treatment and depended on pretreatment of samples prior to testing. In general, all adhesives used performed in quite a similar way for all pretreatment conditions, and the bonding performance of heat treated fir wood was less satisfactory than that of beech wood for all adhesive system and condition.

2 illus, 5 tables, 47 ref

016280   Khandare P M;Magar S J;Ambilwade P P (Plant Pathology Dep, College of Agriculture, Latur, VNMKV Parbhani) : Management of the sunflower necrosis by insect vector (Thrips) control with various IPM components. Pestology 2016, 40(5), 47-50.

The field experiment was conducted at Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Latur. VNMKV Parbhani during kharif 2011-12 to find out the effect of different insecticides viz. imidacloprid, thiomethoxam and neem oil for management of thrips (vector of sunflower necrosis virus). The results showed that treatment T₁ (imidacloprid seed treatment + spraying of imidacloprid at 15 days interval from 30 days after emergence of crop) recorded lowest thrips population (4.69 Thrips/leaf) and less disease incidence (6.67 per cent) and highest yields (1916.44 kg/ha) than rest of the treatments. Whereas treatment T₄ (imidacloprid seed treatment + Raising of sorghum as barrier crop) which gave highest incremental cost benefit ratio (1:10.03).

2 tables, 9 ref

016279   Khadraji A;Ghoulam C (Unit of Plant Biotechnology and Symbiosis Agro-physiology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, PO. Box 549, Gueliz 40000 Marrakesh, Morocco, Email: c.ghoulam@uca.ma) : Effect of drought on growth, physiological and biochemical processes of chickpea-rhizobia symbiosis. Legume Res 2017, 40(1), 94-9.

The effects of drought on growth, several physiological and biochemical processes in six winter varieties (Zhour, Rizki, Douyet, V46, V34 and P37) of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and two rhizobial strains (MC07 and MC10) were studied. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions. Seedlings were grown under three regimes moistening and inoculated separately: 100 % of field capacity (control), 80% of field capacity (optimal irrigation) and 40% of field capacity (water deficit). The results showed that the hydric deficit had significantly perturbed the dry biomass, proline activity, total chlorophyll and nitrogen contents. Moreover, this constraint negatively affected the water deficit saturation (WDS), the membrane permeability and the stomatal conductance of leaves. Under drought, the varieties Zhour and Rizki showed a better water efficiency that was translated by high level in proline accumulation, membrane stability, total chlorophyll and nitrogen contents. These parameters were maintained at the adequate levels with the rhizobial strain MC07 which showed a tolerance in the drought condition. On the contrary, the symbiotic combination least powerful according to the studied parameters is formed by the variety P37-MC10.

2 tables, 39 ref

016278   Keerthika V;Ramesh R;Rajan MR (Biology Dep, Gandhigram Rural Institute Deemed Univ, Gandhigram) : Toxicity assessment of iron oxide nanoparticles in Labeo rohita. Int J Fish aqua Stud 2017, 5(4), 1-6.

The present study deals with the toxicity of Iron oxide nanoparticles in Labeo rohita. The iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical precipitation method and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. SEM image of iron oxide nanoparticles shows spherical shape. EDAX spectrum showed three peaks located between 2KeV and 10KeV. The FTIR spectrum of iron oxide nanoparticles was observed and spectral bands confirm the formation of Fe-O bonds. Preliminary toxicity tests were conducted for the determination of 96 h median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) of Fe₃O₄ to L. rohita in the concentration of 100ppm, 1500ppm and 3000ppm for four days and mortality observed at high concentration. The concentration equivalent to 1/10 and 1/100th of LC₅₀ of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles was selected for sublethal concentration of toxicological for about seven days and no mortality observed during this period. Haematological parameters and biochemical parameters such as protein, carbohydrate and lipid were estimated for control and treatments (300ppm and 30ppm) when L. rohita was exposed to Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles for a period of 7 days. The haematological parameters such as RBC, Hb and Hct were decreased and WBC increased in Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles treated fish when compared to control. Total protein, carbohydrate and lipid were consequently decreased in Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles treated fish when compared with control.

7 illus, 3 table, 31 ref

016277   Kavera;Nadaf H L (AICRP on Groundnut, MARS, UAS Dharwad-580 005, Email: ksbiradar2012@gmail.com) : Genetic improvement for yield through induced mutagenesis in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Legume Res 2017, 40(1), 32-5.

Groundnut is one of the primary economic crops of the world, which has been exposed extensively to mutagenic treatments for induction of variability. The present research was aimed towards yield improvement in two groundnut cultivars (GPBD-4 and TPG-41) through induced mutagenesis using EMS and gamma rays. One hundred true breeding mutants were isolated at M3 and were evaluated for yield at M4/M5. Thirteen superior mutants showing consistent performance across the generations were further evaluated for economic traits at M6. Greater magnitude of induced variability was found for number of pods per plant (13.65-52.65; 11.83-34.62), pod yield per plant (10.40-49.71; 16.40-41.28) and 100 seed weight (30.18-52.20 g; 37.36-87.65) in GPBD-4 and TPG-41 mutant populations respectively in M4 generation. Mutants G2-214 (34.51 Q/ha) and TE-147 (31.75 Q/ha) recorded 27.53 and 31.75 per cent increase in pod yield over the respective parents GPBD-4 (27.06 Q/ha) and TPG-41 (23.80 Q/ha). Most of the superior mutants were associated with increased 100-seed weight. The high yielding mutants identified in the present study have the dual advantages i.e. desirable agronomic characters and favorable oil chemistry. In this direction mutant G2-214 which recorded highest pod yield (34.51 Q/ha) was also accompanied with increased O/L ratio (3.23) over parent GPBD-4 (1.76).

3 tables, 19 ref

016276   Kanitkar S;Raut V M;Achari R;Patil D R (NO, , Kan Biosys Pvt. Ltd., Kanitkar Path, F.C. Road, Pune-411 004) : Field evaluation of milastin-K (Bacillus subtilis KTBS 1015 1.5. Pestology 2016, 40(6), 21-3.

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is an important fruit crop of Maharashtra and Karnataka state which is suitable for export purposes. However, in India powdery mildew and downy mildew are important disease in grapes. Hence a field bio efficacy study was undertaken by spraying Milastin-K (Bacillus subtilis KTBS 1015 1.5% A.S.) @ 0.5, 1.00 and 2.00 ml/L and fungicides Metalaxyl + Mancozeb 72% WP, Azoxystrobin 23% SC and Triadimefon 25% WP at both recommended and their half doses at three times. Results compiled indicated that Milastin-K alone at 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 ml/L gave about 30 to 40% reduction in powdery mildew and downy mildew incidence with 38.34% 51.22% and 62.66% higher yield than control treatment. Likewise, among the fungicides combinations with Milastin-K (2.0 ml/L) Azoxystrobin 23% @ 0.50 ml/L recorded less percent disease incidence for both powdery mildew (91.56% reduction) and downy mildew (88.38% reduction) with highest yield of 18.65 T/ha which is 166.80% higher than control treatment. Similarly, Milastin-K in combination with the fungicides at half of their respective recommended does recorded on par results with that of fungicides alone at recommended does against diseases and yield. Likewise, spraying of Milastin-K along with the fungicides did not show any phyto-toxic effect on grapes. Hence, Milastin-K a bio-fungicide fits well in integrated disease management and may be useful for export grape cultivation.

3 illus, 4 tables, 13 ref

016275   Kangle G K;Kadamm D R;Kadam B S;Jadhav R D; Jadhao P B (Agricultural Entomology Dep, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, Email: kadamdhiraj0611@gmail.com) : Bioefficacy of newer insecticides against mango hoppers (Amritodus atkinsoni L.) and their natural enemies. Pestology 2016, 40(4), 20-3.

The experiment was conducted at AICRP on Water Management, VNMKV, Parbhani during the year 2014 and 2015 to evaluate bioefficacy of newer insecticides against mango hoppers (Amritodus atkinsoni L.) and their natural enemies infesting mango. Amongst the eight insecticides evaluated, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, and dinotefuran were found comparatively more effective in controlling the hopper population. Flonicamid, acetamiprid and imidacloprid were moderately effective whereas, buprofezin and dinotefuran were found least effective in controlling the hoppers pest.

2 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

016274   Kalhoro M A;Tang D;Ye H;Morozov E;Liu Q;Memon K H;Kalhoro M T (Research Center for Remote Sensing of Marine Ecology & Environment, State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institu, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China, Email: lingzistdl@126.com) : Population dynamics of Randall's threadfin bream Nemipterus randalli from Pakistani waters, northern Arabian sea. Indian J Geomar Sci 2017, 46(3), 551-61.

The N. randalli fish data consist of 1141 pair of length weight relationship and 24312 length frequencies were measured during 2009 - 2010 survey. The maximum length and weight were 25 cm and 251 g, respectively. The length-weight relationship were a = 0.035, b = 2.744 and R² = 0.972. The asymptotic length (L_∞) and growth coefficient (K) were estimated to 26.25 cm and 0.320 year^-1, respectively. The total mortality (Z) was 1.25 year^-1. The - 317 - natural mortality (M) was 0.863, hence the fishing mortality (F) was Z-M = 0.387 year^-1 for N. randalli. The yield per recruit analysis indicated that when t_c was assumed to be 2, F_max was estimated at 1.3 and F_0.1 at 1.3; while t_c was assumed to be 1, F_max was estimated at 1.1 and F_0.1 at 0.95. Currently age at first capture is about 1 year and F_current was 0.387, therefore, F_current was smaller than F_0.1 and F_max. The results during present study indicate that current fishery stock is in sustainable state. However, it is suggested that take some management steps to maintain the stock of N. randalli in Pakistani waters, Northern Arabian Sea.

6 illus, 2 tables, 60 ref

016273   Kahraman A (Field Crops Dep, Selcuk Univ, Faculty of Agriculture, Konya-Turkey, Email: kahramanali@selcuk.edu.tr) : Effect of humic acid doses on yield and quality parameters of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] cultivars. Legume Res 2017, 40(1), 155-9.

Present research was conducted to determine the effect of humic acid (HA) on the yield and nutritional characteristics of cowpea varieties to provide an alternative crop for sustainable agricultural systems. Field trials were carried out for 2 years in Konya/Turkey ecology. HA was applied in 4 doses (0, 70, 110 and 150 kg ha-1 in total) on 2 cowpea varieties (Akkiz and Karagoz) and a total of 20 parameters were evaluated. Results showed that, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, protein yield, potassium and manganese showed an increasing tendency by increased dose of humic acid. Furthermore, 70 kg ha-1 dose of humicacid recorded higher stomatal conductance and first pod height, while applicationof 110 kg ha-1 of humic acid recorded higher plant height and proteinratio. Future research related with nutritional values is needed for achieving better growing techniques and mineral composition in cowpea genotypes.

3 tables, 16 ref

016272   Kadve P S;Gawande R W;Deotale R O;Rathod K B; Lavhe N V (Section of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Nagpur) : Evaluation of different organic products against pigeonpea pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis L.. Pestology 2016, 40(5), 36-41.

The two plant powders i.e. neem seed powder, vekhand powder @ 5 g/kg seeds and four vegetable oils i.e. Neem oil, castor oil, mustard oil, groundnut oil @ 5 ml/kg seeds and one chemical treatment deltamethrin @ 0.04 ml/kg seeds tested each up to 120 days of storage against pulse beetle {Callosobruchus chinensis L.) infesting stored pigeonpea seeds. The treatment deltamethrin @ 0.04 ml/kg seeds recorded excellent surface protectants for pigeopea seeds in view of relatively, least number of eggs, adult emergence, per cent of seed damage, per cent of seed weight loss and highest germination. Among the plant products and oils treatments i.e. neem oil @ 5ml/kg seeds and vekhand powder @ 5 g/kg seeds are followed by deltamethrin @ 0.04 ml/kg seeds. The germination percentage of pigeonpea was notadversely affected due to any of the oils and plant products and also low cost was incurred for 100 kg seeds by the treatments with deltamethrin @ 0.04 ml kg, neem oil @ 5 ml/kg seeds and vekhand powder@ 5 g/kg seeds.

5 tables, 24 ref

016271   Jain A;Srinivasan K;Yadav R P;Mishra A (NO, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110 012, Email: anju.jain@icar.gov.in) : Effect of moisture content on in vitro regeneration of embryonic axis explants of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.). Legume Res 2017, 40(1), 74-9.

To see the effect of ultra desiccation on seed survival, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) seeds were conditioned to various moisture contents ranging from 8-2%. When monitored after one year of storage, variability was observed in seed viability in the seeds conditioned to different moistures. Seeds conditioned to very low moisture contents exhibited greater loss in viability. Therefore, efforts were made to see the possibility of germinating the embryo under artificial condition using various media and growth regulators. The effect of various combinations of hormone in plant tissue culture media were evaluated on the growth of excised embryonic axis in vitro to develop an embryo rescue protocol. An efficient protocol was developed for in vitro shoots regeneration from cowpea embryonic axis to improve the survival of low viability seeds to avoid the loss of potentially valuable genes. Shoots were developed in most of the explants on medium containing MS salts and B5 vitamins supplemented with 0.2 mg/l BAP. All the regenerated shoots were rooted on the same medium and in vitro plantlets were acclimatized in pots containing soilrite at room temperature. All the plants produced healthy seeds after 2 months in greenhouse. This protocol can be used to rescue cowpea germplasm with low germination percentage which results in successful regeneration.

7 illus, 1 table, 35 ref