017859   Hafiz Y;Iqbal A;Ahmad M;Ali A (Veterinary Public Health Dep, SKUAST, Kashmir) : Antibiogram of Bacillus cereus isolated from street vended foods in Srinagar area of Kashmir valley. Indian J Field Vet 2012, 8(1), 34-7.

Bacteriological analysis was carried out on one hundred samples comprising of 60 mutton tikka and 40 chutney samples of five zones of Srinagar city of Jammu and Kashmir State. Food samples were collected from different vendors. Mannitol egg-yolk polymyxin-B sulfate agar (MEYPA) was used for isolation of Bacillus cereus. Out of 40 (40.00%) positive food samples 27 were of the mutton tikka and 13 of the chutney samples resulting in prevalence of 45% and 32.5%, respectively. The mean bacterial count of 60 mutton tikka and 40 chutney samples was 4.6817 and 5.6575 Iog₁₀ cfu/g. The strains of Bacillus cereus were higly resistant to penicillin G (92.50%), an intermediatte resistance was noted against tetracycline (40.00%), nezolid (35.00%), erythromycin (32.5%), ampicillin (30.00%), and amoxycillin (25.00%). The most effective antibiotics against B. cereus included gentamicin (100%), ciprofloxacin (100%), chloramphenicol (90%) followed by streptomycin (80%).

1 table, 21 ref

017858   El Mageed M A A;Mansour A F;El Massry K F; Ramadan M M;Shaheen M S;Shaaban H (National Eesearch Centre, Chemistry of Flavour and Aroma Dep, , El-buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt, Email: magdaelmaged@hotmail.com) : Effect of microwaves on essential oils of coriander and cumin seeds and on their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. J essential Oil Bearing Pl 2012, 15(4), 614-27.

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and cumin seeds (Cuminum cyminum L.) were subjected to conventional roasting and microwave heating to study their effects on the volatile components of each spice oil and on both their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. HD oil of each spice was subjected to GC and GC-MS analysis. A comparison study was done between the two methods of roasting and with raw sample of each spice. Seventeen and sixteen components were identified in essential oils of coriander and cumin seeds respectively. HD oil of raw coriander consisted mainly of linalool (72.7 %) followed by γ-terpinene (8.8 %), α-pinene (5.5 %), camphor (3.7 %), limonene (2.3 %), geranyl acetate (1.9 %) and p-cymene (1.5 %). However HD Oil of raw cumin consisted mainly of cuminaldehyde (26.5 %) followed by γ-terpinene (20.9 %), β-pinene (20.9 %), p-mentha-1,4-dien-7al (12.3 %) p-cymene (7.7%) and p-mentha-1,3-dien-7-al (4.0 %). In general, the effect of heating on the two spices caused reduction in their essential oil concentrations compared with the raw samples, due to the formation of lipid degradation products, hexanal and (E)-2-hexanal in two treatments. However the sum of their total percentages in microwave treated samples were always smaller than that in conventional roasted samples, which revealed that the microwave heating is more preferable. Moreover, the higher percentage of linalool in microwave heated coriander seeds (57.3 %) than that in conventional roasted coriander seeds (55.5 %) makes the microwave method more preferable due to the fact that linalool increases quality and add fruity and minty aroma to this spice. On the other hand, the total concentration of monoterpenes aldehydes in microwave heated cumin are higher than that in conventional roasting sample (35.7 % and 34.2 %), respectively). These aldehydes contribute to the pleasant characteristic flavour of cumin seeds. Therefore microwave treatment was more retentive of the flavour impact compounds than the conventional roasting treatment and considered the best choice as an alternative-heating medium for processing. Microwaved treated samples showed a remarkable antioxidant activity against DPPH and β-carotene assays, due to the higher concneitation of oxygenated manoterpenes than that in conventional treated samples also for the remarkable percentages of α-pinene, β-pinene, p-cymene and γ-terpinene which may be contribute to the antioxidant activities of both spices, however still lower than that of synthetic antioxidant TBHQ. Both microwave conventionally roasted oils exhibit similar antimicrobial effect against microorganisms under investigation but were higher effect than that of raw oils.

5 illus, 4 tables, 52 ref

017857   Chahed T;Dhifi W;Mnif W;Mhamdi B;Marzouk B (Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Unit, Centre of Biotechnology, Borj Ced, , BO 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia, Email: thouraya_chahed@yahoo.fr) : Changes in essential oil composition furing pistacia vera leaves development in Sfax region (Tunisia). J essential Oil Bearing Pl 2012, 15(4), 602-8.

Essential oil extraction from leaves of Pistacia vera was performed in order to asses its composition and follow its variability according to the leaf development. Volatile compounds were obtained by hydrodistillation followed by liquid-liquid extraction. Terpinen-4-ol (2.9-12.3 %) and α-terpineol (0.0-14.0 %) were the most abundant compounds except on 30 th June where α-terpinolene (17.0 %) and α-pinene (14.9 %) were the main compounds. The main chemical classes were oxygenated monoterpenes and monoterpene hydrocarbons. The preponderance of terpinen-4-ol in most cases instead of α-pinene as cited in other works may characterize Tunisian samples. Furthermore, many volatile compounds identified in the EO of P. vera leaves are well-known for their biological activities, e.g. α-terpineol, borneol, limonene, α-pinene, farnesol. From a fundamental point of view, EO composition determination opens many perspectives either for bioactive molecules isolation or for the chemical ecology comprehension of these secondary metabolites.

1 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

016848   Vyas S;Soni S (Chemistry Dep, Swami Keshwanand Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Email: sangeetanandini@gmail.com) : Castor oil as corrosion inhibitor for iron in hydrochloric acid. Oriental J Chem 2011, 27(4), 1743-6.

Weight loss method was used for studying corrosion behavior of iron in hydrochloric acid, with and without castor oil. It was observed that in acidic medium the % inhibition efficiency for corrosion increased with increasing castor oil concentration. The adsorption of castor oil on iron was found to follow the Langmuir adsorption isotherm at all concentrations.

2 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

016847   Venkatesan R;Raj P D;Dhivya P;Sridharan M (Functional Nanomaterials & Devices Lab, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Univ, Thanjavur-613 401, Email: m.sridharan@ece.sastra.edu) : PANi films for room temperature ammonia sensing. Int J Nano Sci Technol 2012, 1(1), 65-9.

Polyaniline (PANi) thin films were studied for its use as room temperature ammonia sensor. There are many areas which require sensors to detect the ammonia such as environmental analysis, industries, medical application etc. In the present study, PANi thin films were deposited over glass substrate using thermal evaporation technique at different deposition parameters. The optical transmittance value was 95% and it has sharp absorbance at 428 nm. The film thicknesses were around 760 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) shows the presence of amino group and the retention of polymeric chain. The surface of the prepared PANi films is smooth and uniform as analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The PANi films shows the response and recovery time as 2-3 min and 2-5 min respectively towards ammonia with a sensitivity of 99.6%.

7 illus, 11 ref

016846   Theivarasu C;Mylsamy S;Sivakumar N (Chemistry Dep, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 004) : Removal of malachite green from aqueous solution by activated carbon developed from cocoa (Theobroma cacao) shell: kinetic and equilibrium studies. Oriental J Chem 2011, 27(3), 1083-91.

Removal of Malachite Green (MG) by Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) Shell Activated Carbon (CSAC) was investigated in present study. Adsorption studies were performed by batch experiments as a function of process parameters such as initial pH, contact time, initial concentration and adsorbent dose. A comparison of kinetic models applied to the adsorption of MG on CSAC was evaluated for the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic models. Results showed that the pseudo-second order kinetic model was found to correlate the experimental data well. The experimental equilibrium adsorption data was represented with Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich and Flory-Huggins isotherms. The experimental data obtained in the present study indicated that activated carbon developed from cocoa shell can be attractive options for dye removal from waste water.

5 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref

016845   Sonawane V;Hilage N P (Chemistry Dep, B. Raghunath Arts, Commerce and Science College, Parbhani-434 401, Email: sonawane_vy@rediffmail.com) : Kinetics of oxidation of secondary alcohol by polymer-supported oxidizing reagent chloramine-T. Oriental J Chem 2011, 27(4), 1735-41.

Requirements in the pharmaceutical industry for parallel synthesis of libraries for organic compounds has led to the development of simple, high yielding chemical transformations using polymer-supported reagents, scavengers, catalysts and 'catch and release' reagents that are amenable to automation. After reactions using insoluble polymer-supported species a simple filtration process allows the product in solution to be recovered with high yield and purity. Recovery of the spent reagent retained on the support allows recycling, thus fulfilling the requirements of environmentally friendly chemistry. The oxidation of 1- Phenylethanol has been studied spectrophotometrically to compare the polymer substrate supported reagent with a commercially available cross-linked polymeric reagent. The reagent supported on anion exchange resin was found to be more efficient in the oxidation reaction. The reagent is very easily separated from the reaction mixture and can be manually removed from the reaction mixture, which remains clear during and after the reaction. The kinetic of oxidation of 1-Phenylethanol with chromic acid supported on anion exchange resin like Chloramine T in 1, 4-dioxane has been studied. The reaction is found to be of zero order each in concentration of alcohol and oxidant. The oxidation product was confirmed by its derivative, UV and FT-IR and C¹³ NMR spectral, LC-ESI-MS studies. The effect of substituent's on the rate of oxidation and the activation parameters were determined with respect to slow step of mechanism.

5 tables, 17 ref

016844   Shukla K (NO, , D-1/258, Sector-F, Jankipuram, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, Email: shuklakavyanjali@yahoo.com) : Nanotechnology and emerging trends in dairy foods: the inside story to food additives and ingredients. Int J Nano Sci Technol 2012, 1(1), 41-58.

Nanotechnology has the potential to replace several existing technologies especially in relation to the dairy and food science areas. Future dairy foods will not only be a good source of nutrients with excellent sensory properties, but they will also contribute to human health and wellness. This document is an attempt to throw light on some of the inside mechanisms and components involved with respect to the qualitative parameters of dairy foods (ie; food ingredients and additives). Some of the critical challenges, including discovering of beneficial compounds, establishing optimal intake levels, developing adequate food delivering matrix and product formulation including the safety of the products are the areas that need to be focused.

73 ref

016843   Renganathan S;Praveena N;Saranya G; Dharmendira Kumar M;Velan M (Chemical Engineering Dep, Alagappa College of Technology, Anna Univ, Chennai-600 025, Email: rengsah@rediffmail.com) : Biosorption of reactive red 5B from an aqueous solution using Vitex negundo Linn. Res J biol Sci 2011, 3(2), 3-9.

Objective of this study was to investigate the removal of Reactive Red 5B dye from synthetic effluent by the biosorption on Vitex negundo Linn. The operation parameters investigated includes sorbent dosage (0.02-0.1 g/100ml), pH (1 -6) and initial dye concentration (30-110 mg/1). Experimental tests were conducted in a batch process. It was observed that the equilibrium uptake capacity was found to be increased with decrease in biomass dosage. The equilibrium uptake capacity was found to be maximum at the pH value of 2. The equilibrium data were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The data were found to be corresponding with the Freundlich isotherm model. Pseudo-first order and Pseudo-second order kinetic equations were used to examine the experimental data of different initial dye concentrations. It was observed that the pseudo-second order kinetic equation fitted the kinetic data better when compared to the pseudo-first order kinetic equation.

4 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

016842   Rao S V;Rao Gollu S;Krishna A G;Ameer S K; Sekar K C (Chemistry Dep, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological Univ, Kukatpally, Hyderabad-500 074, Email: svr.org@gmail.com) : Estimation of metformin hydrochloride and pioglitazone hydrochloride in their bulk and formulation dosage formes by using RPHPLC method. Oriental J Chem 2011, 27(3), 1221-6.

Simple rapid, economically accurate and precise reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the estimation of Metformin HCI (MET) and Pioglitazone (PIO) in pure and in pharmaceutical dosage forms. A Hypersil BDS C18 column (250x4.6mm, 5μ) was used with a mobile phase containing a mixture of Acetonitrile and Sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer in the ratio of 60:40(v/v). The flow rate was 1 ml/min and effluents were monitored at 228 nm and eluted at 2.303 min (MET) and 3.850 min (PIO). Calibration curve was plotted with a range from 20-120 μg/ml for MET and 0.6-3.6 μg/ml for PIO. The assay was validated for the parameters like accuracy, precision and system suitability parameters. The proposed method can be useful in the routine analysis for the determination on metformin and pioglitazone in pharmaceutical dosage forms.

5 illus, 6 tables, 18 ref

016841   Raji K;Raj S A C (Holy Cross College, BARD Univ, Trichy, Tamil Nadu) : Study of safe factor of sintered aluminium alloys using extrusion process. J Metall Mater Sci 2012, 54(2), 137-42.

Powder metallurgy manufacturing route has wide industrial applications due to economic advantages. Aluminium is remarkable for the metal's low density and for its ability to resist corrosion due to the phenomenon of passivation and also it is known that the structural components of aluminium and its alloys are vital to the aerospace industry and are important in other areas of transportation and structural materials. So, the most useful compound of aluminium, at least on a weight basis, is the oxides and sulfates. Therefore the selected composition of powder mix is compacted, with the resultant shapes heated or "sintered" in a controlled atmosphere furnace to bond the particles and then extruded. The tensile specimens which are prepared from extrudates are tested. The high precision formation capability of PM generates components with near net shape, intricate features and good dimensional precision pieces. The results were good at all the stages and this present study reveals the estimation of safe factor with respect to working stress and ultimate tensile stress.

2 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

016840   Raj A;Goswami B;Ray A K (NO, R.V.S. College of Engineering & Technology, Jamshedpur-831 102) : Perspectives of creep and fatigue behavior in micro-alloyed steels. J Metall Mater Sci 2012, 54(2), 93-110.

This is study of microalloyed steels for power plants and reactors. Components operate at coal dust fire temperature or thermal states of reactors are prone to creep during its service. This is to assess remaining life after passage of valuable life by variation in microstructure, e.g. cavity formation. Precipitation at the sub-grain boundaries and grain interior has increased high temperature strength. Coarsening of these appears at the end of life. Variation of heat treatment like spheroidising in place of solutionizing has been responsive to deteriorate performance. Dislocation interplay with precipitate has showed to be acceptable while interaction among dislocations to forest dislocation has been unacceptable. Dislocation assisted nucleation of precipitates of fine size has found to strengthen steel by thermo-mechanical control process with in greater heating temperature and lower finish rolling temperature. High temperature performance of materials have assessed by creep, accelerated creep, creep-fatigue and fatigue performances. Increasing temperature for increasing efficiency has correlated the phase transformation of steel. Fracture studies have referred any consequences those produce grain boundary phase formation has likely been to fracture by intergranular failure. Fatigue performances have included in creep properties of materials when intermittent shut down -shut up schedules are operated, e.g. peaking power plants.

31 ref

016839   Prajapati R P;Sharma A;Tiwari D R (Chemistry Dep, (DESM) Regional Institute of Education (NCERT), Bopal-462 013) : Utilization of spent catalyst (solid waste) from the nitrogeneous chemical plant. Oriental J Chem 2011, 27(3), 1289-92.

Nitrogeneous fertilizer industry generated so many spent catalysts during the manufacturing of fertilizer's. In production of ammonia and other products, different types of catalysts are used. After periodically use of the catalyst due to the poisoning effect of foreign material and impurities, which deposit on the surface of the catalyst, they will become inactive. In such cases fresh catalysts have to be substituted and the spent catalyst will be discarded as waste material. Spent catalyst waste reduction at source can be achieved by using improved more active and more stable catalysts, regeneration and reuse of deactivated catalysts in many cycles, before the final disposal. The spent catalyst can be recycled by using them as raw materials for recovery, of valuable metals and other products.

1 table, 11 ref

016838   Phoung T D;Duyen D T (NO, Institute of Materials Science, B1, No. 18, Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi) : Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and hardness of high silicon aluminium alloys. J Metall Mater Sci 2012, 54(2), 111-17.

The influence of solution heating at 540°C 1 -6 hours, quenching into 20°C cool water and ageing at 175°C 2-8 hours in air on transformation of acicular, plate-like and flake-like morphologies to broken grains and gradually form round to globular ones was researched. The microstructural eutectic silicon, α-aluminium, acicular intermetallic phases in high silicon aluminium alloys were examined with confidence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray. The results showed that the solution treatment at 540°C 1 -2 hour then quenching attained very positive influence on the alloy's tensile strength.

9 illus, 4 tables, 6 ref

016837   Pena K;Cuello V S G;Giraldo L;Pirajan J C M (Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Sciences, Nacional de Columbia Univ, Ciudad Univ, Carrera 30 No. 45 03, edificio 451, Bogota-Colombia, Email: jumoreno@uniandes.edu.co) : Ceramic foam synthesis and its modification for use at high temperature. Oriental J Chem 2011, 27(4), 1293-1301.

Many properties of open-cell ceramic foam prepared by means of the sponge replication method can be controlled by adjusting the viscosity of the ceramic slip with respect to the pore count of the polymer sponge template. Ceramic foam obtained by this method was subsequently coated with various materials, such as urea-formaldehyde and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and its structural properties were analysed and interpreted in order to establish its potential applicability as a thermal insulator. Ceramic foams were prepared with different densities by varying the density of the ceramic slurries used (1.1845, 1.2798, 1.3567, 1.54332, 1,6543 and 1,7234 g/cm³). The physical properties of the ceramic foam produced, such as density, were characterised according to ASTM C 271-94, whereas porosity was characterised using the Archimedes method. The foams were analysed with XRD, SEM and FTIR, among other techniques.

5 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

016836   Mondal M I H;Khan M M R (Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Dep, Rajshahi Univ, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh, Email: mihmondal@yahoo.com) : Silk dyeing combine with vegetable and reactive dyes. Oriental J Chem 2011, 27(4), 1383-7.

Silk is a very fine, regular, translucent natural animal protein fibre. Raw and degummed silk fibres were dyed with extracted vegetable dyes such as catechu brown, waste dabshell and waste banana stem dyes mixed with Reactive Red 120. Silk fibre became more permanently even and bright when it was dyed with 2.0-3.0% of the mixed dyes. In each case, optimum conditions of dyeing were determined and fastness characteristics were studied.

6 tables, 9 ref

016835   Mahsakazemi (Thermodynamic Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modanes Univ, Tehran, Iran, Email: scientificgroup@hotmail.com) : Optimization of oil and gas multi stage separators pressure to increase stock tank oil. Oriental J Chem 2011, 27(4), 1503-8.

A computer simulator is written to optimize the conditions of oil and gas separators using Hysys and Matlab software. Off gases in some wellhead equipment of south of Iran are burnt in flare. In the present paper, the separators of one of these wellheads are simulated. By changing different variables such as the plus fraction splitting methods and the temperature of separators the condition with the least difference with empirical data of crude oil separator test was selected based on which the optimal pressure of separators which minimize tota. GOR function was calculated. The results show thatusing oftheCavett-Edmister method leads to the lowest value of error and temperature changes have little effect of the separators conditions.

11 tables, 9 ref

016834   Khalid K;Khalid K;Othman M;Hamid K H K; Chowdhury Z Z (Business Management Faculty, Univ Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Perak, 32600, Bota, Perak, (Malaysia), Email: typhloids@gmail.com) : Determination of some properties of used cooking oil using AAS, bomb calorimeter and GC-MS techniques. Oriental J Chem 2011, 27(3), 1045-8.

Most of the used cooking oil from households and catering premises in Malaysia will eventually ends up in wastewaters. It will be discharged to the surface of waters because no alternative steps were taken to overcome the waste from used cooking oil. As a component of wastewater, oil is classified together with fats and waxes as grease. This trend results in the generation of a vast waste stream that needs to be properly managed to avoid environmental damage. Thus, the information regarding on the waste cooking oil properties is needed to contribute knowledge for future research where the waste may reformed to value added product. Preliminary analysis of used cooking oil properties via GCMS using capillary column shows n-Hexadecanoic acid and Oleic acid as the major compounds present in the used frying oil. The analysis for determination of volatile and moisture content with 3 replicates show an average of 0.02% moisture and volatile content, which the experimental procedure was based on MPOB Test Methods.

4 illus, 5 ref

016833   Ghosh C;Chatterjee S (R&D Section, MECON Limited, Ranchi) : Microstructural evolution at the interface of bond coat and steel substrate during galvanization. J Metall Mater Sci 2012, 54(2), 149-53.

Steel components are most favored and widely used in automotive and industrial application for its enhanced mechanical properties like strength, ductility and toughness which can also he varied with addition of various alloying elements and using the proper thermo mechanical treatment to control the micro structure of the crystallites. However the life of the steel component is degraded and threatened in corrosive atmosphere. Thus the performance of the component is generally dependent on its corrosion resistance property which can be enhanced by alloying addition or surface treatment. Hot dip galvanizing is extensively used surface treatment process which is the most efficient and economical method and not only enhancing the corrosion resistance but also it increases the mechanical properties of the steel component. The basic component of this coating is zinc which can be implied on steel substrate by dipping it into the molten zinc bath in galvanizing furnace or electroplating process.

23 ref

016832   Ebrahimifar H;Zandrahimi M (NO, Islamic Azad Univ, Kerman, Iran) : Decrease of electrical conductivity activation energy of Co-coated AISI 430 alloy. J Metall Mater Sci 2012, 54(2), 143-8.

The application of conductive coatings on ferritic stainless steel can decrease electrical conductivity. The aim of this research was to investigate the electrical conductivity of cobalt coated AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel by pack cementation technique. Coated coupons were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrical conductivity of the coated substrates was measured as a function of temperature by oxidizing the samples from room temperature to 700°C. Also electrical conductivity has been measured as a function of oxidation time during isothermal oxidation at 700°C. Results showed the increase of temperature caused to the decrease of electrical conductivity and also, the coating layer converted to cobalt spinels during annealing in isothermal oxidation. The formation of MnCo₂O₄, CoCr₂O₄, CoFe₂O₄ and Co₃O₄ spinels improved electrical conductivity activation energy of coated substrates (0.03 eV) compared to uncoated substrates (0.039 eV).

5 illus, 24 ref

016831   Dhivya P;Raj P D;Sridharan M (Functional Nanomaterials & Device Lab. Centre for Nanotechnology & Adv, SASTRA Univ, Thanjavur-613 401, Email: m.sridharan@ece.sastra.edu) : Optical properties of DC magnetron sputtered CdO thin films. Int J Nano Sci Technol 2012, 1(1), 59-64.

Cadmium oxide (CdO) thin films were deposited on to well-cleaned glass substrates by reactive dc magnetron sputtering. The deposited films were investigated for their optical properties and surface properties. The field emission scanning electron microscope shows the average grain of the CdO thin film was ~ 50 nm. The optical band gap energy determined by Tauc's method was 2.38 eV. Thickness of the film was 165 nm as analyzed by the profillometer. The average excitation energy and dispersion energy for electronic transitions were calculated.

9 illus, 13 ref

016830   Chaudhari U E (Chemistry Dep, M.F.M., Warud-444 906) : Equilibrium sorption studies of malachite green from aqueous solution using Alangium salvifolium tree bark. Oriental J Chem 2011, 27(4), 1795-8.

Treatment of dyes from wastewater is obligatory in order to avoid water pollution. Batch adsoprtion studies were carried out to evaluate the potentiality of ba-gases. Various parameters such as initial dye concentration, pH as well as temperature of the system were studied. The adsorption was found to fallow first order kinetics and intraparticle difussion is the date controlling step. The adsorption data indicates that the process is sponatenous and exothermic in nature. Langmuir adsorption isotherms was found to be well suited for the system, which shows monolayer adsorption.

1 table, 9 ref

016829   Butani N V;Pandya N D;Parmar P R;Desai P V (Microbiology Dep, Bhagwan Mahavir College of Biotechnology, Bharthana, Surat, Gujarat) : Bacterial decolourisation of diazo monochlorotriazine fibre reactive dyes under optimized physico-chemical conditions. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2011, 10(3), 357-60.

Large volumes of effluent are generated at different stages of textile manufacturing as a result of the use of copious amounts of dyes. Several tons of textiles, required to meet up with societal demands, are produced daily in this industry. Azo monochlorotriazine (MCT) fibre reactive dyes, an important class of dyes, are commonly used to dye cellulosic fibres and appear in wastewater due to their lower fixation on fibre. Coloured textile water requires efficient treatment before its discharge. An efficient dye decolourising Gram negative bacterial strain of Enterobacter gergoviae was isolated from coloured textile effluent after enrichment of sample. Biodecolourisation study of reactive red 141 and reactive red 120 was carried out in Bushneli Mass medium where dyes were used as sole source of carbon and nitrogen. Various parameters like addition of carbon source, nitrogen source, pH and temperature, were optimized for maximum decolorization of dyes. Up to 95% of dye decolorization was observed when dye was used as source of carbon and nitrogen. Addition of glucose and urea enhanced the rate of decolorization at pH 7 and 31 °C. These findings show that isolated Enterobacter gergoviae could be effective forthe treatment of dye-containing industrial effluents.

2 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

016828   Biazar E;Baghermanesh B;Heidari K S (Chemistry Dep, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad Univ, Tonekabon (Iran)) : Design of modified electro-spun poly urethane nanofiber film using chemical method. Oriental J Chem 2011, 27(3), 953-8.

Tissue engineering is defined as the designing and engineering of structures to rebuild and repair a body damaged tissue. Scaffolding Poly urethane (PU) has shown good biocompatibility andc biodegradable properties. Nanofibers have improved the performance of biomaterials, and could be considered effective. One of the important methods for designing nanofiber scaffold is the electrospinnig method. In this study, PU nanofibers were well designed; then, modified with the immobilized gelatin via the chemically method. The samples were evaluated by ATR-FTIR, SEM, contact angle. ATR-FTIR structural analysis showed the presence of gelatin on the nanofiber surfaces. The SEM images showed the size average of nanofibers as to be about 300 nm; that increased with a gelatin coating up to 500 nm. Contact angle analysis showed 63 degree for uncoated nanofibers and 41 degree for coated nanofibers. In this work, the PU nanofibers with a size average about 300 nm were designed. Nanofibers were successfully coated with gelatin via the chemically methods. These gelatin-coated nanofibers could be used well for tissue engineering.

5 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

016827   Aminifard S;Jamalzadeh H;Biazar E;Fouladi M (Young Researchers Club, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad Univ, Tonekabon, Iran, Email: e.biazar@tonekaboniau.ac.ir) : Effect of temperature and pH in adsorption of Pb<. Oriental J Chem 2011, 27(4), 1397-1401.

The adsorption potential of the Perlin clay for the removal of lead ions from aqueous solutions was tested. The adsorption amount measured at the different temperature (25°C, 45°C and 65°C) and Ph (2, 3 and 5). A high adsorption capacity aws calculated. An increase in the retention capacity with increasing temperature was measured. The influence of pH in the acidic range was investigated. The measured increase in the adsorption rate at higher pH values (5) was explained through the influence of H* ions on the complex ion formation.

4 illus, 1 table, 10 ref