009704   Kar S;Roy G K (Department of Chemical Engineering, Regional Engineering College, Rourkela) : Effect of co-axial rod promoters on the dynamics of a batch gas-solid fluidized bed. Indian chem Engr 2000, 42(3), 170-4.

Gas-solid fluidization often suffers from inherent drawbacks like channeling, bubbling slugging which affect the quality of fluidization. Efforts have been made to improve the quality of fluidization in gas-solid fluidized beds by using two different types of co-axial rod promoters. The effects of fluid and solid properties, bed characteristics and the promoters on fluidization quality (in terms of fluctuation ratio) and bed pressure drop (in terms of Euler Number) have been presented in the form of correlations. The predicted and experimental values of fluctuation ratio and Euler number have been found to agree fairly well.

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009703   Kandade R R (NO, Fykays Engineering Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai) : Modern instruments for molten metallurgy. Indian Fndry J 2000, 46(11), 38-43.

009702   Janbandhu T J;Khedkar C D;Singh A (Department of Dairy Chemistry, College of Dairy Technology, Warud (Pusad), Distt. Yeotmal-445 204) : Effect of heating and chilling of recombine milk on fatty acid composition of fat globule membrane lipids. Indian J Dairy Sci 2000, 53(3), 231-4.

Recombine milk was prepared from anhydrous milk fat (butter oil), buffalo skim milk powder (spray dried) and water. The effect of heating and chilling on fatty acid composition of the fat globule membrane (FGM) lipids of recombine milk was studied. It has been observed that the progressive heat treatment (pasteurization, boiling and sterilization) caused remarkable changes in the concentration of total saturated and unsaturated fatty acids of MFGM lipids isolated from recombine milk. On the other hand, chilling caused mild changes.

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009701   Iwuoha C I;Chukwuma I;Ezedinma;Ike V O (Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, PMB 1526 Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria) : Effects of process and storage on the chemical and organoleptic quality of Ugba, fermented seeds of African oil bean tree (Pentaclethra macrophylla Bentham). J Fd Sci Technol 2000, 37(4), 337-43.

Chemical composition, microbial load, and organoleptic attributes of fermented African oil bean seed, (AOBS) (Pentaclethra macrophylla Bentham), Ugba, were evaluated. Traditional processing method (TFM) was compared with its modified counterpart (MFM). Other test variables included storage temperature and period, packaging material and boiling pattern. Boiling effected 15% reduction in protein content, while ferentation increased it by 51.90-61.70% further, from Ugba obtained through boiling-before-slicing (BSF) rather than by slicing-before-boiling (SBF). Fermentation led to 15.26% reduction in fat, with simultaneous increases in pH and acidity during processing. The observed pH values were 5.30 (raw seeds), 5.90 (boiled seeds), 7.10-7.30 (fresh ugba), and 8.30-8.49 (7-days stored ugba). The titratable acidity increased 5-fold in a 48 h fermentation. Refrigeration and freezing conditions reduced microbial load of ugba moderately during storage. Generally, fresh ugba was more accepted than the ones stored for 7 days (30°±2°C). On boiling pattern, it was observed that the variation due to BSF and SBF were significant (P=0.05) in flavour, texture and colour attributes of resultant ugba. Flavour was found to be the most influencing quality attribute of ugba, followed by texture and then colour.

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009700   Ingale M N;Mahajani V V (Department of Chemical Technology, University of Bombay, Matunga, Mumbai-400 010) : A novel to treat dioctylphathalate plant waste : sonication followed by wet oxidation (SONIWO). Indian chem Engr 2000, 42(3), 147-52.

Aqueous waste stream originated from the dioctylphthalate (DOP) plant exhibits very high chemical oxygen demand (COD). The waste stream is refractory to conventional pollution treatment processes. A hybrid system of sonication followed by wet oxidation (SONIWO) is demonstrated here to be suitable for treating this waste stream containing priority pollutants. It was possible to achieve an overall 82% reduction of original COD 27,000 mg/l. Various process parameters were studied to achieve the above reduction.

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009699   Iboyaima Singh N G;Eipeson W E (Human Resource Development Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore-570 013) : Concentration of clarified orange juice by reverse osmosis. J Fd Sci Technol 2000, 37(4), 363-7.

Concentration of orange juice by reverse osmosis (RO) was investigated. Pasteurised orange juice was filtered through microfiltration (MF) membrane (Ceramic membrane, 0.2 μ pore size) and the filtrate was concentrated by reverse osmosis membrane (TFC PA membrane, 98.6% NaCl rejection). It was possible to clarify orange juice to 100% transmittance at 660 nm by MF process containing almost all the constituents except carotene pigments in the clear juice. Effects of °Brix or osmotic pressure (OP) of juice, operating temperatures and transmembrane pressures (TMP) on RO permeate fluxes were studied. Permeate flux decreased as the °Brix and OP of the juice increased. Higher flux was observed at higher operating temperature and TMP. However, at higher °Brix values, the effect of temperature on flux was much less. It was possible to concentrate orange juice to 31 °Brix by RO at 60 bar and 32°C with an average flux of 11 L/h/m². Retention of sugars and acid by the RO membrane was found to be more than 98%.

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009698   Giri S S;Janmejay L S (Department of Biochemistry, Manipur College, Imphal-795 008) : Effect of bamboo shoot fermentation and aging on nutritional and sensory qualities of Soibum. J Fd Sci Technol 2000, 37(4), 423-6.

Twenty days fermentation of edible shoot of Bambusa tulda to produce well fermented Soibum by indigenous process showed appreciable improvement in the digestion of proteins, resulting in significant elevation of individual amino acid, formation of diacetyl, acetoin, volatile phenols and esters to afford specific flavour; pronounced liberation of free phenols, complete disappearance of ascorbic and aspartic acids. Aging strengthened the levels of esters and volatile phenols, but affected individual amino acids, diacetyl, acetoin and free phenols. Aged Soibum was better acepted.

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009697   Gill B K;Mishra G C (Department of Chemical Engineering, Beant College of Engineering & Technology, Gurdaspur-143 521) : Kinetics of oxidation of sodium sulfite by sodium hypochlorite. Indian chem Engr 2000, 42(2), 84-7.

Kinetics of oxidation of sodium sulfite by sodium hypochlorite were investigated by a rapid-flow technique in the concentration range of 0.000824-0214 mol/L for sulfite and 0.000406-0.0195 mol/L for hypochlorite at four different temperatures. The experimental findings showed that the reaction rate was first order with respect to sulfite as well as hypochlorite concentrations. The second order rate constant at 18°C was calculated to be 2275 L/mols. An apparent activation energy for the overall reaction was calculated to be 15.0 kcal/mol. A three-step reaction mechanism, in which hypochlorous acid formed in the first step reacted with sulfite ions in the intermediate (rate determining) step to form an activated complex, was found to be acceptable. Concludes that the reaction between sulfite and hypochlorite being very fast, the problem of design of dechlorination units for the control of pollution due to hypochlorous acid generated in power plants was related to mixing rather than kinetics.

009696   Ghoshal A K;Samanta A N;Maiti B R (Chemical Engineering Group, , BITS, Pilani-333 031) : Studies on the effects of certain non-dimensional groups on single component adsorption dynamics. Indian chem Engr 2000, 42(3), 153-8.

Non-dimensional linear driving force model for a single component adsorption system like CO2-N2-molecular sieve, 5A well predicted the experimental results. The model after non-dimensionalisation defines the system by the dimensionless groups of which adsorbate inlet concentration, particle Reynolds number, bed diameter to bed length ratio, Schmidt number, Equilibrium Distribution Co-efficient, Sherwood number, Kutateladge number, initial solid temperature to inlet fluid temperature ratio are the most important parameters determining the dynamics of the process. So, controlling/manipulating these parameters/properties one can achieve a good adsorption efficiency.

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009695   Ghose T K (NO, , ) : Chemical engineering and DNA - 2 : Division of single cells. Indian chem Engr 2000, 42(3), 178-9.

009694   Ganguly S N;Suresh A V (NO, Central Footwear Training Institute, Agra) : Fundamentals of footwear machinery. II. Splitting machine. J Indian Leath Technologists Ass 2000, 50(12), 738-42.

Normally leather won't be having even thickness throughout the area. This may cause some problems in some operations particularly like stitching, counter moulding etc. So it is necessary to split the leather to even thickness. A band knife splitting machine is used to split the leather. This machine consists of a continuous or endless band knife running on two pulleys.

009693   Dhingra J;Dutta S M (National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resource, , P.B. No 129, DT By-Pass Road, Karnal-132 001) : Isolation, purification and characterization of the cell envelope associated proteinase of lactobacillus casei 300. Indian J Dairy Sci 2000, 53(3), 177-83.

Cell envelope associated proteinase of Lactobacillus casei 300 was isolated by performing four consecutive extractions of the 10 hour old culture with tris-HCl buffer (0.05 M, pH 7.5) at 30°C. The enzyme was purified by sephadex G-200 gel filtration chromatography and DEAE-sephadex A-50 ion exchange chromatography. An 18-fold purification was achieved with a recovery of 45%. The molecular weight of the enzyme was 35,000 D. It was optimally active at a pH 7.5 and at temperature of 35°C. The enzyme when heated at different temperatures recorded an initial increase in activity upto 35°C and thereafter, it started losing activity rapidly till at 90°C very little activity was recorded. MN²⁺ increased activity at concentrations of 10^-4 M to 10^-3 M. The enzyme was inhibited strongly by PMSF-a serine proteinase inhibitor, EDTA and 1, 10 phenanthroline.

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009692   Deshpande D;Thompkinson D K (NO, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132 001) : Table spreads. Indian J Dairy Sci 2000, 53(3), 154-68.

Butter the historic yellow fat had been the prime choice as a bread spread for many years. However, there has been a continuous decline in the growth of yellow fat sector. Within the sector, both butter and traditional full fat Margarine follow a declining phase, with the growth having been shifted towards the low fat sector. Entails the driving forces behind development of various table spreads/fat spreads due to changing food habits, both in terms of quantity and quality of fat intake. Describes the role of various ingredients and their possible effects during development and with respect to shelf life aspects of table/fat spreads.

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009691   Desai N (NO, , 20 Microns Ltd, Mumbai) : High performance calcined clay for TiO2 replacement. Paintindia 2000, 50(8), 99-102.

009690   Das P K (Department of Genetics, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741 252) : Pulses and grain amaranth in human welfare to combat protein dwarfism : a strategy for nutritional security in Indian context. Perspectives Cytol Genet 2001, (10), 201-15.

An overview has been presented describing the strength and weakness of these valuable crops. Both short and long term strategies are suggested for the development and genetic improvement of these crops with the special emphasis on the improvement of nutritional quality. In order to achieve success in such scientific endeavour adequate government support is urgently needed and hence several government policy actions are suggested. It is hoped that a sound nutritional security can possibly be built up through collective leadership with strong political will.

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009689   Awasthi P;Yadav M C (Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Science, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263 145) : Nutritional characteristics of soy fortified biscuits made using liquid dairy by-product. Beverage Fd Wld 2000, 27(9), 29-30.

Three biscuit samples containing 15 per cent DSF, 15 per cent DSF with 75 per cent chhana whey and 15 per cent DSF with 50 per cent skim milk separately were subjected to nutritional quality analysis and compared with that of control and two market samples - Bakeman's Glucose and Milk Shorty biscuits which were also analyzed. Biscuits containing 15 per cent DSF with chhana whey and skim milk had greater amount of available lysine than the biscuits containing only DSF and control. Among market samples, Milk Shorty biscuits exhibited best quality characteristics. It had higher available lysine and good digestibility. In vitro digestibility of 15 per cent soy fortified biscuits ranged from 78.12-79.57 per cent as against 66.23 per cent for control biscuits. Among 15 per cent soy fortified biscuits, biscuits containing chhana whey had highest calorific value (460 kcal/100 g.).

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009688   Anon (NO, , ) : Importance of implementing dissolved fault gas analysis in transformer oil. Electl India 2000, 40(20), 30-1.

009687   Ahmed J (Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143 005) : Effect of temperature on rheological characteristics of garlic and onion pastes. J Fd Sci Technol 2000, 37(4), 409-11.

Rheological characteristics of fresh garlic and onion pastes were studied using a viscometer at a temperature range of 25 to 70°C at a shear rate of 10 to 100 rpm. The power law model described well the shear stress-shear rate data. Both the pastes behaved as shear-thinning fluid with a flow behaviour index less than unity. A two-fold change in the consistency index of the pastes between 25 and 70°C could be an important criterion in the process equipment design. Arrhenius model described the effect of temperature on the apparent viscosity and the consistency index of the power law model. The process activation energies were in the range of 13.05 to 14.02 kJ/ mole for garlic and onion pastes, respectively.

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009686   Abithakujamabal K;Senthilvelan M O;Venkatesh P D;Gupta S;Sudhakar (NO, Bharath Institute of Science and Technology, Selaiyur, Chennai-73) : Drying conditions for automotive upholstery leather by vaccum drying method. J Indian Leath Technologists Ass 2000, 50(11), 646-50.

008709   Vishnu Shankar S (NO, Lakme Paints & Varnishes, No. 3688, 12th Cross, Gayathrinagar, Bangalore-560 021) : High scratch resistant anticorrosive ceramic paints. Paintindia 2000, (Ann), 111-3.

Ceramic high scratch resistant anticorrosive paints offer high scratch resistances to the extent of 20 kg when painted at 100 microns coatings thickness. This coating offers high solid-high scratch-high impact-high wear-chemical resistance properties. All these combined properties helps in enhancing the overall properties of the painted component by a factor of 5-7 times when compared to conventional coating systems. The dry film coatings exhibit enhanced substrate adhesion, intercoat adhesion, thermic shock, hot water, anti-rust properties. These ceramic paints are basically recommended for aircraft and defence purposes where high scratch and abrasion resistance are required. This can be conveniently used where high built coatings are required, like aircraft leading edge areas, machine tools industries, automobile components, plant equipments, machinery components, home appliances, etc. Ceramic paints are available in various shades and at affordable prices. They can be used by conventional spray methods as well as by brush painting.

008708   Upadhya S C (NO, Asian Paints (I) Ltd., L.B.S. Marg, Mumbai-400 078) : Intumescent coatings in the service of fire protection. Paintindia 2000, 50(11), 45-52.

An explicit endeavour has been made relating to the study of intumescent coatings. Their phenomenon, composition, mechanism of intumescence are reviewed, followed by a discussion of the use of thermal analysis to investigate the mechanism of decomposition of intumescent coating. A brief review of types of fire retardant coating is discussed. Also requirements of building regulations, char properties of intumescent coatings, evaluation and Fire Test Standards are presented. Intumescent coating systems with various types of intumescent coatings and finaly applications with off-site advantages is given.

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008707   Thompkinson D K;Singh A K (Dairy Technology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132 001) : Natural food preservation systems. Indian Fd Ind 2000, 19(5), 330-9.

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008706   Tamhankar A R;Raman P (NO, , ) : Crude selection and evaluation. Hydrocarbon Technol 2000, (50), 81-3.

008705   Swami M S R (Madras Refineries Limited, R&D Centre, , Chennai) : Efforts on indigenisation of reverse osmosis membranes for use in water conservation/management at MRL. Hydrocarbon Technol 2000, (50), 90-4.

008704   Srivastava A K;Virk H S (Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143 005) : 50 MeV lithium ion beam irradiation effects in poly vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer. Bull Mater Sci 2000, 23(6), 533-8.

Irradiation effects of 50 MeV ⁷Li⁺³ ion beam induced in bulk PVDF polymer have been studied with respect to their optical, chemical, structural and electrical behaviour by using UV-visible, FT-IR spectroscopy, XRD technique and electrical frequency response using LCR bridge. The ion fluences ranging from 1.27 x 10¹¹ to 2.15 x 10¹³ ions cm^-2 have been used to study dose effects of irradiation in PVDF. The recorded UV-visible spectra clearly shows five characteristic peaks at 315, 325, 360, 425 and 600 nm. Due to irradiation, the optical absorption initially decreases but then increases with higher fluences. In the FT-IR spectra, no appreciable change has been observed after irradiation, indicating that this polymer is chemically stable. There is exponential increase in admittance with log of frequency but the effect of irradiation is not quite appreciable. The value of tan δ and relaxation frequency are changed appreciably due to irradiation. The diffraction pattern of PVDF indicates that this polymer is in semi-crystalline form; a decrease in the crystallinity and crystallite size has been observed due to irradiation.

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008703   Srikari Tantri P;Geetha K;Umarji A M; Ramasesha S k (Materials Science Division, National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore-560 017) : Thermal expansion behaviour of barium and strontium zirconium phosphates. Bull Mater Sci 2000, 23(6), 491-4.

Ba_{1.5-xSr4P5SiO24 compounds with x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0-75, 1.0, 1.25 and 1.5, belonging to the low thermal expansion NZP family were synthesized by the solid state reaction method. The XRD pattern could be completely indexed with respect to R3^- space group indicating the ordering of vacancy at the divalent cation octahedral sites. The microstructure and bulk thermal expansion coefficient from room temperature to 800°C of the sintered samples have been studied. All the samples show very low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), with x = 0 samples showing negative expansion. A small substitution of strontium in the pure barium compound changes the sign of CTE. Similarly, x = 1.5 sample (pure strontium) shows a positive CTE and a small substitution of barium changes its sign. X = 1.0 and 1.25 samples have almost constant CTE over the entire temperature range. The low thermal expansion of these samples can be attributed to the ordering of the ions in the crystal structure of these materials.}

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008702   Somiya S;Roy R (NO, Tokyo Institute of Technology and Teikyo University of Science and Tec, 3-7-19 Seijo, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-0066, Japan) : Hydrothermal synthesis of fine oxide powders. Bull Mater Sci 2000, 23(6), 453-60.

Reviews hydrothermal synthesis of fine oxide powders. The term hydrothermal today includes methods which involve water at pressures (from 1 atm-several kilobars) and high temperatures from 100-10,000144>C. Hydrothermal is one of the best methods to produce pure fine oxide powders. The authors describe hydrothermal decomposition, hydrothermal metal oxidation, hydrothermal reaction, hydrothermal precipitation and hydrothermal hydrolysis, hydrothermal electrochemical, reactive electrode submerged arc, hydrothermal microwave, hydrothermal sonochemical, etc and also ideal and real powders.

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008701   Singh S;Sivakumar V;Manoharan C;Acharya K K (Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., , Panipat Refinery, India) : First resid cracker in India - a commissioning experience. Hydrocarbon Technol 2000, (50), 1-13.

008700   Singh N B;Rai S (Department of Chemistry, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur-273 009) : Effect of Lomar-D on the hydration of portland cement. Trans Indian Ceramic Soc 2000, 59(2), 33-6.

Hydration of Portland cement in the presence and absence of a superplasticizer (Lomar-D) has been studied by using a number of experimental techniques. Compressive strengths are increased considerably in presence of 2.0 wt% LOmar-D at all the ages of hydration. Spectroscopic studies showed that Lomar-D is adsorbed at the surface of cement or hydration products chemically with cement.

008699   Shukla A K;Sampath S;Vijayamohanan K (Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012) : Electrochemical supercapacitors: energy storage beyond batteries. Curr Sci 2000, 79(12), 1656-61.

Recently, a new class of reversible electrochemical energy storage systems have been developed that use: the capacitance associated with charging and discharging of the electrical double-layer at the electrode-electrolyte interface and are hence called electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), and the pseudocapacitance with electrosorption or surface redox reactions which are referred as pseudocapacitors. While EDLCs with capacities of many tens of farads per gram of the electrode material have been achieved employing high surface-area carbon powders, fibres, or felts, much higher capacitance values are accomplished with pseudocapacitors employing certain high surface-area oxides or conductng polymers. Provides a brief introduction to scientific fundamentals and technological applications of electrochemical supercapacitors. It is also stressed that there is a substantial scope for technology development in this newly emerging area, where materials science and polymer technology will have a pivotal role in conjuction with electrochemistry.

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008698   Sharma R K;Bikram B;Mukhopadhyay C K (NO, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., Gujarat Refinery) : Implementation of model predictive multivariable controls at hydrocracker unit of Gujarat refinery - an effective tool to enhance profitability. Hydrocarbon Technol 2000, (50), 73-80.

Gujarat Refinery of Indian Oil Corporation is implementing model based Multivariable Predictive Controls (MVPC) in this most important secondary-processing unit, Hydrocracker. The technology has capability to control and optimise whole process by adjusting multiple variables simultaneously, while honouring unit constraints and taking care of interaction between variables. For the purpose of implementation, the Hydrocracker has been segregated into three major sections, namely Reactor Sectin, Fractionator Section and Light End Section, Separate Multivariable Controller with carefully chosen variables have been designed for these sections. Over and above these controllers, a Feed Maximisation MVPC with optimiser has been configured. The basic objective of the project is to push the operation towards economic optima while ensuring better operating stability of the plant. Gives a brief insight of the technology adopted and its implementation philosophy.

008697   Sen A (NO, , 3 Chandreshwar Bhavan, 178 Sion Road West, Bombay-400 022) : Hybrids and resin modifications. Paintindia 2000, (Ann), 75-80.

008696   Sarala Devi G;Rao V J (Materials Science Garoup, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007) : Room temperature synthesis of colloidal platinum nanoparticles. Bull Mater Sci 2000, 23(6), 467-70.

Efficient preparation of stable dispersions of platinum nanoparticles from platinuous chloride (K₂PtCl₄) was achieved by simultaneous addition of capping polymer material. The size of platinum nanoparticles was controlled by changing the ratio of concentration of capping polymer material to the concentration of platinum cation used. The morphology of colloidal particles were studied by means of UV-visible spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Particle size increased with low reagent concentration. The change in absorption spectra with the particle size was observed, i.e. blue shift attributed to decrease in particle size.

008695   Santra R;Mohanty S;Joglekar A (NO, Vam Organic Chemical Ltd. (V.P. Latex Unit), Block 133, Savli-Jarod Road, Vill: Samalaya, Tal: Savli-391 520, Dist. Baroda) : Carboxylated SBR latex and its industrial applications. Chem Wkly 2000, 46(11), 165-70.

008694   Sanganeria S K (Ultra International Limited, , 304 AVG Bhawan, M-3, Connaught Circus, New Delhi-110 001) : Beyond 2000 : regulations on use of essential oils in fragrances. Indian Perfumer 2000, 44(3), 191-7.

There is little direct legislation anywhere in the world covering the use of essential oils in fragrances. There is however the need for essential oils in fragrance compounds to conform to the guidelines of the International Fragrance Association (IFRA). There is also considerable legislation and other legislation on final products in which fragrances compound containing essential oils are used.

008693   Ranade G S;paranjape S (NO, , Bush Boake Allen, Mumbai) : Odour quality and profiles of perfumery ingredients. Indian Perfumer 2000, 44(3), 183-9.

Fragrance creation is an art as well as science. In the olden days, when perfumer was using only natural essential oils as raw materials and ingredients for perfume creation, it was more often an art. he did not require to understand the chemistry of these natural ingredients for the purpose of creation. As time passed, the availability of natural essential oils became difficult and cost of natural oils started rising. These along with the advent of organic chemistry, provided nature identical and synthetic perfumery materials. At the same time usage of perfumes in various household products was spread and the requirement of industrial perfumes increased substantially. This helped perfumes to have wider choice of ingredients for his creation with affordable cost. This development forced them to understand the chemistry of perfumery ingredients, including the quality aspects and profiles. Discusses the odour quality and profiles of some of the typical representative perfumery ingredients.

008692   Ramesh T G;Shubha V (Materials Science Division, Aerospace Laboratories, , Bangalore-560 017) : Pressure induced phase transitions in nickel and chromium based alloys. Metals Mater Process 2000, 12(2-3), 127-41.

Describes the developments carried out in our laboratory in establishing absolute thermoelectric power (TEP) and AC resistivity a powerful diagnostic tools to study continuous phase transitions at high pressures. The teflon cell arrangement and the pyrophyllite-talc assembly for measurement of TEP and resistivity used in the conventional piston - cylinder high pressure apparatus will be discussed. A PC based data acquisition system designed for high-resolution measurement of these electronic transpot properties of conducting solids at ambient and high pressures as a function of temperature will be described. The power of these techniques will be demonstrated through new observations on a pressure induced second order transition in nickel and in commensurate - paramagnetic and incommensurate-paramagnetic transitions in soe chromium based alloys.

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008691   Ramesh A (Department of Food Engineering, Central Food Technology Research Institute, Mysore-570 013) : Process control systems for the modern edible oil industry. Indian Fd Ind 2000, 19(3), 176-80.

008690   Prasad J;Agrawal G N;Chatterjee K C (Research and Development Centre for Iron and Steel, Steel Authority o, , Ranchi-834 002) : Densification of Al2O3-Cr2O3 compacts at high temperatures. Trans Indian Ceramic Soc 2000, 59(2), 29-32.

Sintering behaviour of various Al2O3-Cr2O3 compacts made out of calcined alumina fines and chromic oxide, upto a temperature of 1700°C and 4 h soaking times was investigated. The amount of chromic oxide was found to have an appreciable impact on densification, rate constants, activation energy, diametrical tensile strength and microstructures. A maximum density of 3.452 g.cm^-3 and a maximum shrinkage of 15.67% were attained with the compacts having 2 wt% Cr2O3 when sintered at 1700°C for 4 h. It has been found that with the increase in Cr2O3 content, the porosity of the compact increases.

008689   Paul B K;Moulik S P (Geological Studies Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203, B T Road, Calcutta-700 035) : Viscosity behaviours of microemulsions. Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad-Pt A 2000, 66(5), 499-519.

Detailed viscometric investigations on microemulsions composed of different kinds of oil (aliphatic, aromatic, alicyclic and vegetable) and amphiphile (cationic, anionic and nonionic) are presented in relation to their flow behaviours (Newtonian and non-Newtonian), percolation, structure and dynamics. The role of salt and polymer on the viscous behaviour has also been examined. The usefulness of the quantitative rationale such as the Walden rule and the different viscosity - concentration equations has been discussed.

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008688   Patil K R;Patil S;Ramanuja R;Kulkarni R D (University Department of Chemical Technology, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon-425 001) : Synthesis and characterisation of epoxy phenol novolac resins. Paintindia 2000, 50(10), 35-41.

Bisphdnol-A epoxy resins have certain inherent drawbacks. The limitations could be overcome by replacing them with multifunctional eposy resins such as epoxy phenol Novolac (EPN). Synthesiss and characterisation of BPA epoxy resins and EPN resins have been discussed. EPN resins were observed to be much superior in curing rate chemical resistance, scratch hardness, etc. over BPA epoxies.

008687   Patil D P;Kulkarni M V (NO, School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon-425 001) : Biotechnological treatment of textile industry effluent containing dyes - an alternative approach. Chem Wkly 2000, 46(12), 171-2.

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008686   Patel L D (NO, Goldin (India) Equipment Pvt. Ltd., Vadodara-390 016) : Status of separation technology and equipment in food processing industries. Indian Fd Ind 2000, 19(3), 198-201.

008685   Pandey P;Pramod Kumar;Chandra S (Department of Oil and Paint Technology, H B T I, Kanpur-208 002) : Colour. Paintindia 2000, (Ann), 47-65.

Importance of measurement of colour quantitatively and comparison for matching of shades of the paint films is very well recognized in paint industry. Colour matching and colour formulation by sophisticated computer has, in fact, revolutionised the paint manufacturing and application industries across the world. Various theoretical and practical aspects behind appearance of colour in chemical compounds have been presented. Quantification of colour has been discussed in three dimensions. viz. hue, value and chroma in different colour systems, such as Munsell, CIE and Ostwald. Colour comparison made by spectrophotometric methods has also been analysed. Colour difference measurement, shade matching and colour formulation by using sophisticated computer software have been elaborated.

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008684   Panda H (NO, Devashish Consultants (P) Ltd., 1, Station Road, P O Clutterbuckganj, Bareilly-243 502) : NMR analysis of vinyla acetate polymer. Chem Wkly 2000, 45(45), 165-8.

High resolution NMR method has been developed for the quantitative determination of the composition of vinyl acetate copolymers. The method is estimated to be accurate to within 2 moles % absolute in the range of 0 to 20 mole % comonomer.

008683   Panda H (NO, Devashish Consultants (P) Ltd., 1, Station Road, P O Clutterbuckganj, Bareilly-243 502) : Acrylic resins. Chem Wkly 2000, 45(52), 149-57.

008682   Panda H (NO, Devashish Consultants (P) Ltd., 1, Station Road, P O Clutterbuckganj, Bareilly-243 502) : Amino resins. Chem Wkly 2000, 45(50), 149-59.

008681   Nielsen K S (NO, Hempel Marine Paints A/S, Lundtoftevej 150, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark) : Selection, application and use of shopprimers. Paintindia 2000, (Ann), 115-22.

Aspects in selection, application and use of shopprimers are discussed. It includes historical developments of shopprimers, requirements of an ideal shopprimer, and shopprimer characteristics. The selection criteria such as corrosion protection, cutting and welding, heat resistance, secondary surface preparation and environmental issues are described. Application aspects include primary surface preparation, film thickness and surface roughness and supply of paint in Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs).

008680   Naskar M K;Chatterjee M;Ganguli D (Sol-Gel Divsion, Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute, Calcutta-700 032) : Phase transformation of sol-gel derived ZrO2-2RE2O3 (RE=Sm, Gd and Dy) spun fibres by ageing in humid atmosphere. Trans Indian Ceramic Soc 2000, 59(2), 37-40.

Zirconia fibres doped with 2 equivalent mol% of RE2O3 (RE= Sm, Gd and Dy) were prepared by spinning of acetate derived sols followed by calcination of the gel fibres thus obtained at 900°-1300°C for 1h. The oxide fibres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The fibres containing only tetragonal (t) phase were aged under controlled himidity at 150°-300°C for 8 h and in addition at 200°C for 2 and 5 h. The aged samples were then characterized by XRD analysis. Dy³⁺-doped zirconia showed the maximum tendency to undergo phase transformation (t) to monoclinic (m) phase because of its increased tendency for hydrolysis.

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008679   Narasimhan R B (NO, Goodlass Nerolac Paints Limited, Mumbai) : Recent trends in coating plastics. Paintindia 2000, 50(10), 43-50.

There is no better way to gauge the influence of environmental constraints, new technology development and colour trends than in the automotive industry. If one follows the evolution of trends in arena, one can view the advent of what is to come in the future. New application techniques have been born from the need to differentiate the application effectiveness of low solid lacquers, high solids, water-bornes etc. new chemistries have arisen from the need to protect from environmental fallout. Consumers have increased their quantity awareness to mandate better mechanical properties within the coatings themselves. Provides a general overview of the type of coatings used in automotive applications, where the requirements of appearance and durability are most severe, as well as discusses future trends as seen through the eyes of the automotive engineers and scientists.

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