008678   Masood R (NO, Petrochemicals Data Service, Vadodara-391 345) : Impact of petrochemical industry in Arab-gulf on India's petrochemicals trade. Chem Wkly 2000, 45(45), 147-61.

008677   Masood R (NO, Petrochemicals Data Service (PDS), Vadodara) : Trends in growth of polyester industry in India. Chem Wkly 2000, 45(48), 147-56.

008676   Manesh N S;Sabnis A;Malshe V C (NO, UDCT, Mumbai) : Polymer degradation in plastics and coatings. Paintindia 2000, 50(10), 51-8.

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008675   Kumar Y (NO, Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehra Dun-248 005) : Indian petroleum refining industry - retrospect and prospects. Chem Wkly 2000, 45(46), 163-9.

Indian refining industry is poised for a healthy growth and restructuring. The present refining capacity is 102.8 mmtpa and it is expected to increase to 126.8 mmtpa by 2001-02 and 177.5 mmtpa by 2006-07. This expansion would be sufficient to meet the demand levels of 113 mmt in 2001-02 and 155 mmt in 2006-07. Emission regulations and transportation fuel specifications proposed for the year 2000 have put severe demand on the refining industry. Diesel fuel sulphur is being reduced to less than 0.25% and unleaded high-octane gasoline is to be introduced throughout the country by 2000 AD. Integration of refining with petrochemicals production and power gene-ration would also be required for higher profitability and competitive edge. Dismantling of Administered Pricing Mechanism (APM) in phases has started from 1st April 1998 and disinvestiment plans for some oil companies have been announced. The ongoing process of deregulation will facilitate a smoother transition from APM to a market determined pricing mechanism and provide appropriate investment opportunities for a rapid growth of the refining segment.

008674   Kulkarni S;Pandit A (Chemical Engineering Division, University Department of Chemical Techn, University of Mumbai, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019) : Hydrolysis of castor oil. Chem Wkly 2000, 45(47), 149-59.

Conventional hydrolysis protocols are unsuitable in the case of castor oil hydrolysis due to the thermal instability of ricinoleic acid. Alternatively, the hydrolysis of castor oil is carried out by saponification followed by acidulation or by using the Twitchell reagent. This process produces low quality products due to the generation of colored products and high degree of estolide formation. An enzymatic process therefore promises an effective alternative to the sponification and Twitchell processes but is marred by the drawbacks of slow reaction rates and high enzyme cost. With the advent of several enzyme immobilization techniques and the concurrent development in the production of enzymes with higher reaction rates and better stability profiles to enable extensive reuse, it may be possible to reduce the cost of the enzymatic process and substitute the conventional hydrolysis protocols by enzymatic processes.

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008673   Khare P K;Jain P L;Pandey R K (Department of Postgraduate Studies and Research in Physics and Electro, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur-482 001) : Effect of doping on TSD relaxation in cellulose acetate films. Bull Mater Sci 2000, 23(6), 529-32.

Thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) studies have been performed on solution grown cellulose acetate films doped with different concentrations of acrylic acid (AA) prepared at the poling temperatures (40-75°C) with poling fields (10-50 kV/cm). The TSDC spectra of pure and AA doped CA films reveal two relaxation peaks at 80°C and 180±2°C, having activation energies centred around 0.25 and 0.55 eV. The phenomena of the existence of these current maxima have been analyzed and discussed in terms of the molecular motion of the polar side groups and release of the remaining part of the frozen dipoles by their cooperative motion with adjoining segments of the main polymer chain. The peak currents, released charge and activation energies associated with the peaks are affected by AA doping. The effect of doping with acrylic acid on the discharge current indicates the formation of molecular aggregates.

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008672   Kalaivanan N V;Raheem R A;Venkatesan K; Jagadish K (NO, , ) : Lube vacuum tower revamp with structured packing for maximising LOBS production through improved distillate quality at Madras refineries limited. Hydrocarbon Technol 2000, (50), 14-21.

Various advantages achieved due to vacuum column revamp with structured packing (in place of conventional bubble-cap/valve trays) is discussed. The project was taken up mainly for improving the quality of lube vacuum distillates for maximising Lube Oil Base Stock (LOBS) production and incorporating an additional vacuum distillate namely 500 N to meet the demand of 500 N LOBS. The results of the improved operation in Vacuum columns and the Lube Block are discussed in detail. The benefits accured through the revamp are also indicated.

008671   Janotka I;Krajci L (NO, Institute of Construction and Architecture of the Slovak Academy of Sc, Bratislava, Slovak Republic) : Resistance of freezing and thawing of mortar specimens made from sulphoaluminate-belite cement. Bull Mater Sci 2000, 23(6), 521-7.

Resistance to freezing and thawing of mortar specimens made from sulphoaluminate-belite cement (M-SAB) is compared with that of mortars made from portland cement (M-PC). The results suggest that larger median radius of the pores and total porosity of M-SAB compared to those of M-PC are primarily caused by the rapid setting of the SAB cement. The `coarsening' of pore structure of mortar specimens under action of freezing and thawing is proved by the increase in the macropores portion, median pore radius, and total porosity values. This process is more intense in M-SAB. The effect of the frost attack is confirmed by lower compressive strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity on the one hand and higher absorption capacity, expansion, and crack propagation of M-SAB compared with those of M-PC on the other hand. Besides the decreased frost resistance of M-SAB as compared with that of M-PC, unsatisfactory passivation of steel in M-SAB was found. The reason of this fact is the pH value decrease to less than 11.5 of the M-SAB extract.

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008670   Harish Bhat M;Chakravarthy B P;Ramakrishnan P A;Levasseur A;Rao K J (Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012) : Microwave synthesis of electrode materials for lithium batteries. Bull Mater Sci 2000, 23(6), 461-6.

Novel microwave method is described for the preparation of electrode materials required for lithium batteries. The method is simple, fast and carried out in most cases with the same starting material as in conventional methods. Good crystallinity has been noted and lower temperatures of reaction has been inferred in cases where low temperature products have been identified.

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008669   Gudadhe S;Sarkar D;Sen P K (Engineers India Limited, , New Delhi) : Enhanced sulfur recovery : Indian scenario. Hydrocarbon Technol 2000, (50), 84-9.

008668   Gowri V S (Regional Research Laboratory, , Hoshangabad Road Near Habibganj Naka, Bhopal-462 026) : New surface coatings developed from plant based waste materials for bamboo protection. Paintindia 2000, 50(11), 35-44.

Objective of the study is the utilisation of agrowastes like Bhilawanut shell liquid (BSL) and Cashewnut shell liquid (CNSL) to develop surface coatings for the protection of bamboo surfaces from corrosive environments. As traditional bamboo coatings have the disadvantages of leachability and poor resistance to corrosive environment, it is necessary to develop alternate coatings with better adhesion properties for the protection of bamboo. BSL is an indigenous extract from the shells of Semecarpus anacardium and CNSL is a waste product obtained from the cashew industry. Both BSL and CNSL exhibit the unique properties of ortho dihydric phenol, which can be utilised profitably in the coatings industry. Surface coatings based on BSL and CNSL were prepared from formaldehyde, styrene, hexamine and epichlorohydrin. These coatings were applied on bamboo, and the performance of the coatings was evaluated by determining their physical, chemical and mechanical film properties. The coatings were also characterized by employing IR, NMR and scanning electron microscopical studies.

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008667   Dharmendra B V;Ganesh Kumar C;Mathur B N (Dairy Technology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132 001) : Time-temperature indicators as shelf life monitors in food industry. Indian Fd Ind 2000, 19(3), 181-9.

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008666   Dewakar;Mishra K N;Chandra K;Arunachalam J; Karunasagar D (NO, KDM Institute of Petroleum Exploration, 9, Kaulagarh Road, ONGC, Dehra Dun-248 195) : Isotopic fractionation of Ni<. Curr Sci 2000, 79(12), 1720-3.

Isotopic ratio of Ni⁶⁰/Ni⁶¹ has been studied in kerogen and bitumen samples from three geologically and geographically different Indian petroliferous basins. It is observed that the ratio shows significant variation in kerogen and bitumen samples, which is specific to a basin and also depends upon type and nature of organic matter. This can be useful in oil source correlation and oil exploration.

008665   Datta A K;Singh H;Sen P K (Engineers India Limited, R&D Centre, , Gurgaon) : Benzene management in gasoline using CRESOP. Hydrocarbon Technol 2000, (50), 31-40.

Major constituent of the gasoline pool in most of the Indian refineries is the reformate from a catalytic reformer. The typical feedstock to this reformer is the naphtha that contains a substantial amount of benzene precursors, i.e. hydrocarbons that lead to increased benzene formation in the reformer. Therefore, separating out these benzene precursors from naphtha is the first step to effectively reduce benzene in the reformate. In order to establish the appropriate cut point in a naphtha splitter, it becomes necessary to perform a regorous simulation of the catalytic reformer and to track the components and the reactions that lead to benzene formation. Indian Institute of Petroleum and Engineers India Limited have jointly developed a software package (known as CRESOP) which performs regorous simulation and optimization of both SR and CCR type catalytic reforming units in the refinery. This software along with a flow sheet simulation package for simulating the naphtha splitter is a useful tool for eliminating benzene precursors in the reformer feed. Discusses the methodology to choos appropriate cut point of reformer feed followed by a case study which demonstrates the use of this tool towards reducing the benzene content in gasoline pool.

008664   Buchbauer G (NO, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria) : Detailed analysis of essential oils leads to the understanding of their properties. Chem Wkly 2000, 45(49), 163-5.

008663   Bhaumik s;Sen Gupta S P (Department of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Calcutta-700 032) : On the effect of heat treatment on thin films of lead vapour-deposited on Si(100) substrate. Indian J Phys-Pt A 2000, 74(6), 541-2.

Thin films of lead <126> 1000 A thick, have been deposited on Si(100) substrate at room temperature, and further annealed at 100°C, and at 135°C. In all these films, lead shows preferred orientation in the (111) plane with the appearance of higher order reflections which were not observed earlier. In addition, leaf silicate peak is observed in the former two cases while lead oxide peak appears at 135°C. The appearance of leaf silicate peak is assumed to be due to interdiffusion process while lead oxide is due to oxidation at higher temperature.

008662   Bhat S G (NO, , ) : Super critical carbondioxide extraction of edible oil cakes. Chem Wkly 2000, 45(47), 167-9.

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008661   Bhat S G (NO, Solvent Extractor's Assocn. of India, Mumbai) : Consumer views on edible rice bran oil. Chem Wkly 2000, 45(49), 159-60.

008660   Bansal K M;Gupta S S (Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (Pipelines Division), , Noida) : Health management of pipeline in IOCL intelligent pigging of off-shore pipeline. Hydrocarbon Technol 2000, (50), 68-72.

For management of pipeline health a fully groomed health management policy is followed. Under this policy almost all the pipeline has been covered by intelligent pig survey (IPS) to assess the metal loss profile of the pipelines. Based on the findings of IPS remedial measures ranging from putting sleeves to replacemtn of a part of pipeline has been carried out. The remedial measures are primarily aimed to maintain the operational safety margin to ensure that the old pipelines continue to remain friendly to environment and safe to the general population and property. Indian Oils is the first organisation to introduce IPS in Indian pipeline industry in 1984-85 when corporation's Haldia - Barauni Products Pipeline was inspected by utilising Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) type intelligent pig capable of detecting only internal metal loss. Recently IPS has been done in the off-shore pipeline system of corporation that exist in the Gulf of Kutch. Discusses on the health of the above referred off-shore pipeline system as determined by IPS.

008659   Bahadur H D (Indian Oil Corporation Limited, , Barauni Refinery, Barauni) : Bio-remediation of refinery oily sludge. Hydrocarbon Technol 2000, (50), 63-7.

008658   Arena B J;Sahlin R K;Janssen A J;Buisman C J (NO, , UOP LLC, Des Plaines, Illinois, USA) : The THIOPAQ<. Hydrocarbon Technol 2000, (50), 52-62.

008657   Ananthakumar S;Warrier K G K (Ceramics Division, Regional Research Laboratory, , Trivandrum-695 019) : Gel-assisted extrusion of alumina. Trans Indian Ceramic Soc 2000, 59(2), 41-6.

Fabrication of alumina shapes pase extrusion using boehmite gel, a monohydroxy aluminium oxide (AlOOH), as a reactive binder was studied and reported. The rheological characteristics of alumina with and without boehmite binder were studied at different shear rates. The critical quantity of boehmite binder was optimized from the results on effective solid loading, influence of medium pH, development of torque and viscosity. The alumina paste containing 15% (wt) boehmite binder resulted in 53..4% (vol) of total solids at pH 6.7 with extrudable consistency. The system exhibits a low torque value of 51.85 Pa at shear rate 28.5 S^-1 and showed a plastic behaviour. The apparent viscosity of the system showed a shear dependent flow behaviour. Alumina-15 wt% boehmite resulted in higher particle packing, and 60.4% theoretical green density was achieved. The extruded alumina has sintered density of <62>98% of theoretical density after firing at 1500°C. The microstructure of sintered alumina showed average grain size <62> μm. The boehmite binder has several advantages. e.g. matrix compatibility, good work ability, imparting higher green strength and also as a `sintering aid' and can be successfully used for alumina ceramics.

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008656   Agarwal A K;Saxena A (NO, , ) : Energy conservation & loss control experience sharing with Mathura refinery. Hydrocarbon Technol 2000, (50), 22-30.

008655   Abraham M;Singal S K;Singhal S (NO, Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehra Dun) : Future fuel Quality and vehicle emissions in India. Hydrocarbon Technol 2000, (50), 41-51.

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007609   Zohri A A (Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt) : Glycerol production from cheese whey by selected fungal cultures. J Fd Sci Technol 2000, 37(5), 533-8.

Twelve isolates out of 16 different high alditols - producing filamentous fungi were able to grow and produce glycerol on cheese whey, containing different concentrations of NaCl. The higher levels of glycerol were recorded for Aspergillus melleus (205 ± 16 m mol/L), A flavus (191 ± 14 m mol/L) and A. sclerotiorum (175 ± 13 m mol/L) on cheese whey, containing 10 %, 15 % and 7 % NaCl, respectively. Biosynthesis of glycerol was markedly affected by the nutritional and cultural conditions. The maximum level of glycerol was produced at pH 5.0 after 10 days of incubation at 28 °C on a rotary shaker (150 rpm), when cheese whey was supplemented with 25 μ mol of zinc and 6 g of casamino acids per litre.

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007608   Wani B N;Patwe S J (Applied Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Bombay-400 085) : Thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis evidence of fluorine-incorporation in Sr2CuO3. Indian J Phys-Pt A 2000, 74(3), 323-4.

Different amount of fluorine can be incorporated in place of oxygen in Sr2CuO3 by reacting it with NH4HF2 of different stoichiometry. As the concentration of NH4HF2 increased in the mixture, more and more SrF2 leakhed out at the reaction temperature (250°C). Thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis results in conjunction with XRD results showed that NH4HF2 is partly used in the formation of DrF2 and part of it is used in increasing the F content in the Sr2CuO3 lattice.

007607   Verma S P;Sahoo J (Department of Animal Products Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004) : Effect of antioxidant vitamins on the quality of chevon sausage during refrigerated storage. J Fd Sci Technol 2000, 37(5), 493-9.

Refrigerated storage of the chevon sausages prepared from the pre-blended ground chevon (GC) with ascorbic acid (AA) or tocopherol acetate (TA) alone or in combination indicated that AA + TA samples had a significantly (P<60>0.05) lower emulsion pH, higher emulsion stability and sausage cooking yield as compared to the control and AA samples. The AA + TA group had a significantly (P<60>0.05) lower TBARS number, PV, FFA%, while AA samples had a significantly lower pH and TA batch showed a significantly higher W-B shear force during the storage period. AA + TA treated sausages showed a significantly lower lactobacilli count as compared to the control batch, while the TA sausages had a significantly lower enterobacteriaceae count when compared to the AA sausages. The sensory quality of the sausages showed that the AA + TA group got significantly (P<60>0.05) higher scores in respect of colour and appearance, flavour, juiciness, texture and overall palatability as compared to other pre-blended samples during a storage period of 8 and 12 days, indicating the synergistic effect of AA and TA. The pre-blended sausages with 600 ppm AA and 10 ppm TA extended the shelf life up to 8 days against 4 days in the control sample during the refrigerated storage.

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007606   Verma R C;Prasad S (Post Harvest Technology Centre, Department of Agricultural and Food En, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721 302) : Mechanical and thermal properties of maize. J Fd Sci Technol 2000, 37(5), 500-5.

Mechanical and thermal properties of maize were determined at various moisture contents. Rupture force decreased from 689.5 to 595 N and 330 to 156.8 N with increase of moisture content from 10.57 to 23.68% (db) for kernel placed in germ side down and kernel on edge orientations, respectively. In the same moisture range, rupture energy and deformation of maize kernel varied from 138 to 565 mJ and 0.35 to 1.62 mm in case of the germ side down orientation while on-edge orientation, these varied from 132 to 243 mJ and 0.72 to 2.78 mm, respectively. Specific heat, thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity varied between 2.002 and 2.996 kJ/kg°C, 8.33 x 10^-8 and 10.17 x 10^-8m²/s and 0.125 and 0.193 W/m°C, respectively in the temperature range of 30 to 60°C and range of 10 to 50% moisture.

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007605   Venugopal M N;Karunasagar I;Karunasagar I; Varadaraj M C (Department of Fishery Microbiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Mangalore-575 002) : Survival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in presence of chlorine. J Fd Sci Technol 2000, 37(5), 517-19.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is well recognised as the causative agent of gastroenteritis associated with seafood consumption. The concentration and contact time required by the commonly used sanitizer, hypochlorite for killing/reducing the cells of V. parahaemolyticus in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and in association with fish was studied. A minimum level of 0.5 ppm of available chlorine was able to reduce the count of both Kanagawa positive (K+) and Kanagawa negative (K-) V.parahaemolyticus in PBS by 90% within 5 min and complete killing of both was achieved in 20 and 30 min, respectively. In fish artificially contaminated with K + V.parahaemolyticus and exposed to 10 and 20 ppm available chlorine, complete destruction of the cells was observed in 10 min, but at 30 ppm level, the time required was only 5 min. Hemolytic activity of the K + V.parahaemolyticus was not affected by chlorine treatment.

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007604   Tiwari V;Ghorpade B;Vankar P S (Facility for Ecological and Analytical Testing (FEAT), Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur-208 016) : Removal of chromium and copper by barks of eucalyptus and cassia fistula. Colourage 2000, 47(11), 18-20.

007603   Takpere A R;Agarwal R (NO, Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilisers Ltd., Chembur, Mumbai-400 074) : Problem of heavy corrosion in benfield - CO2 removal section of ammonia plant. Fertil News 2000, 45(11), 13-18.

Careful evaluation of all the events, observations and data analysis indicated heavy corrosion in the CO2 removal system as the most probable reason for the problem. This gives details of the events occurred prior to the problem, analysis and identification of the problem and action taken to prevent such failure in future.

007602   Srivastava D N;Singh R A (Molelcular Electronics Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005) : Preparation and characterization of polymer composites based on charge-transfer complex phenothiazine-iodine (2:3) in poly (vinylacetate). Indian J Phys-Pt A 2000, 74(3), 335-8.

Phenothiazine-iodine (in 2:3 molar ratio) charge-transfer complex has been used as a filler in poly (vinylacetate) to prepare the composite by the solution evaporation method. These composites were then characterized for their IR, XRD, microstructure, mechanical and electrical properties. The current-voltage characteristics, frequency and temperature dependence of their electrical conductivity have been studied. The IR data shows the superimposition of the peaks of composite and pure components, which confirms that these materials are just a physical mixture of their constituents. A gradual increase of tensile strength have been observed on increasing the polymer content. The increasing trend of conductivity as a function of temperature confirmed the semiconducting nature of these composites.

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007601   Sogi D S;Bawa A S;Garg S K (Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143 005) : Sedimentation system for seed separation from tomato processing waste. J Fd Sci Technol 2000, 37(5), 539-41.

Conditions for separation of seeds from tomato processing waste for batch and continuous system were standardised. In batch separation technique, the waste was diluted and decanted thrice to obtain the seeds. Continuous system consisted of two-sedimentation tanks, a stirrer, a recycling pump, a pulper and a collection tank. It successfully separated the seeds with a feed rate of 1 kg/min.

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007600   Sharma S K;Tankeshwar K (Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160 014) : Wave vector dependent shear viscosity of expanded Rb. Indian J Phys-Pt A 2000, 74(3), 329-30.

Wave vector dependent shear viscosity which appears as memory kernel in the generalized Langevin equation for transverse current-current correlation function has been studied for six thermodynamic states of expanded Rb. The memory kernel has been modelled with all its parameters determined from the microscopic sum rules of transverse current correlation function. The results obtained for the shear viscosity as a function of wave number have been compared with the computer simulation data for the densities ranging from triple point to near the critical point.

007599   Sharan P K;Mishra A K (Department of Physics, A S College, Deoghar-814 002) : Electrical and thermodynamic properties of liquid alloys. Indian J Phys-Pt A 2000, 74(4), 395-7.

Pseudopotential perturbation theory (PPT) has been used to compute the concentration dependence of entropy of mixing and electrical resistivity of mercury alloys viz. Hg-Zn, Hg-In. An attempt has been made to provide a simultaneous interpretation of thermodynamic and electrical properties.

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007598   Sen A R;Gulyani R;Singh R N (NO, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar-304 501) : Carcass and meat characteristics of three genetic groups of rabbits. J Fd Sci Technol 2000, 37(5), 549-50.

Carcass and meat characteristics of thirty four rabbits, representing three genetic groups `White Giant',`Soviet Chinchilla' and `Black Brown' were determined to study the effect of breed on carcass yield and meat quality traits. The average dressed carcass ranged from 40.44 to 54.38% of live weight. Carcass yield was significantly (P<60>0.05) higher in `Soviet Chinchilla' breed. The proportions of carcass in forequarter, loin and hind quarter differed little among the breeds. The significant difference in drip loss % may be attributed to the variation in fat deposition in the carcasses of three breeds. The meat of `Soviet Chinchilla' was significantly tougher as indicated by shear force value measurement. However, proximate composition did not vary much in the three genetic groups.

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007597   Sekar N (Dyes Division, UDCT, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019) : Innovative uses of thioindigoid dyes. Colourage 2000, 47(11), 39-40.

Some published information on photochromism of indigoid chromophore, use of indigoid dyes in photo induced molecular switches and solar energy conversion technologies are presented.

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007596   Sarkar P K (Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri-734 430) : Ecology of soybean acidifications and some biochemical changes during controlled Kinema production. J Fd Sci Technol 2000, 37(5), 477-83.

In the process, spontaneous fermentation of soybeans was found to take place in the soaking stage prior to Bacillus fermentation; Lactococcus, accompanied by other bacteria, brought down the pH of the beans from 6.6 to 5.3. Soaking with recycled soak water established an additional growth of Lactobacillus, resulting in further decline in pH of the beans to 4.3. But, soaking in acidified water did not help in the growth of any lactic acid bacteria. Oligosaccharide contents of soybeans (62.8 g sucrose, 19.2 g ranffinose and 43.2 g stachyose per kg dry wt) were significantly reduced during soakings; the extent of reduction being maximum in inoculated soaking and minimum in acidified cooking. Spores of Bacillus subtilis, which are normal inhabitants of soybeans, passed through soaking and cooking treatments to initiate and carry out the alkaline fermentation. During 48 h-fermentation of beans, the oligosaccharide content dropped below the limit of detection (1.0 g kg^-1 dry wt) within 24 h. While sucrase activity reached its peak at 12 h and declined thereafter, %-amylase and lipase activities increased steadily with the progress of fermentation. The hexanal (the probable cause of beany flavour) content (1.1 g kg^-1 dry wt) of unfermented soybeans decreased gradually below the limit of detection (0.5 mg kg^-1 dry wt) after 24 h of fermentation. The ammonia content of unfermented soybeans (0.08 g kg^-1 dry wt) showed 34-fold increase in Kinema.

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007595   Sakhpara D (NO, W L Gore & Associates (Pacific) Pte Ltd, 2 Crystal Tower, 75 Gundavaly Village Rd., Opp. Natraj Studio, Andheri (E), Mumbai-400 069) : Acid-resistant aramid felt filter bags with new PTFE membrane technology. Chem Wkly 2000, 35(7), 52-5.

Introduces a new filter media developed for operations under high temperature and high humidity conditions in a bag filter. Aramid filter media (commonly known as Nomex) has been commonly used for bag filters operating at 150-190°C. This include applications in dryers and furnaces. Both applications involve temperatures up to 190°C, high moisture, and presence of corrosive gases. Aramid offers poor resistance to hydrolysis under high temperature and humidity conditions. This leads to premature bag failures. Gore has invented a new technology with the brand name of AMAZON^TM filter bags, which is much more acid-resistant and hydrolysis-resistant, mechanically stronger and dimensionally stable for the same weight of the aramid fabric. The combination of all these improvements in the properties of the filter media, has resulted in substantial increase in the filter efficiency and life.

007594   Sahin S;Sastry S K;Bayindirli L (Food Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University, 06531, Ankara-Turkiye) : Combined effects of frying parameters and oil content on moisture levels in French fries. J Fd Sci Technol 2000, 37(5), 557-60.

Variations in moisture and oil contents of 0.05 m x 0.005 m x 0.005 m slices of potatoes during deep-fat-frying were determined after various frying times at frying temperatures of 150°C, 160°C, 170°C, 180°C and 190°C. Sunflower seed oil was used as the frying medium. A multiple linear regression model was applied successfully to describe the variation of moisture content with respect to temperature, time and oil content. Oil uptake was found to be negatively correlated with moisture content and changed quadratically with frying time. Moisture content decreased, while oil content increased as temperature and/or frying time increased. Variations in oil uptake and moisture loss remained almost constant after 120 sec of frying process.

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007593   Saha S;Roy B;Siddhanta S K;Sinha T P (Department of Physics, Bose Institute, 93/1, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Calcutta-700 009) : Hydrogen bonding in conducting polymer : an ultrasonic study. Indian J Phys-Pt A 2000, 74(4), 379-81.

Poly (ortho-toluidine), POT of high stability and good processibility are prepared in acidic aqueous dispersion/solution using the support polymers polyacrylamide (PAAm) and poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) PVP. The results obtained from ultrasonic study, transmission electron microscopy, uv-visible spectroscopy have been reported for POT-PAAm and POT-PVP composites. The ultrasonic parameters support the possible interaction between POT and support polymers. The results are explained on the basis of synchronized establishment of hydrogen bonding between segments of POT being formed during polymerization of ortho-toluidine and the PAAm/PVP present in solution.

007592   Saha M;Kumar R;Bhagat S (University Department of Chemistry, T M Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur-812 007) : Electrical transport of non-stoichiometric oxides. Indian J Phys-Pt A 2000, 74(4), 383-5.

Study of electrical transport properties of the non-stoichiometric oxides of rare earth have revealed that their resistivities decrease with the increase in temperature. The decrease in resistance with rise in temperature is higher in the case of non-stoichiometric oxides of yttrium where as that of lower in the case of non-stoichiometric oxides of gadolinium. Oxides of praseodymium follow in between the two. Samples show the properties of semiconductor and polarons with small mobility are responsible for electrical transport.

007591   Rewatkar K G;Darokar S S;Yoel A A;Nandanwar D V;Tabhane V A (Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Nagpur-440 001) : Electrical studies of lithium-aluminate ferrite ceramics. Indian J Phys-Pt A 2000, 74(3), 327-8.

Investigates four lithium aluminate ferrite ceramics with chemical composition Li0.5Fe0.5+xAl12-xO19 (2<60>x<60>5) have been synthesised with a view to study the effect of substitution on the structural and electrical properties. All the ferrites extribit M-type symmetry with space group P63/mmc. The dc conductivity measurements were carried out over the temperature range 300-800 K. Seebeck co-efficient studies were made, so that the conductivity of these ferrites could be discussed. Activation energy of the compounds were found in between 0.50 to 0.73 ev. Electrical conduction in these ferrites were explained on the basis of Verway model.

007590   Reddy K P;Rao B J (Department of Livestock Products, Technology College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati-517 502) : Effect of binders and pre-cooking meat on quality of chicken loaves. J Fd Sci Technol 2000, 37(5), 551-3.

Extension of chicken meat loaves with Bengalgram and blackgram flour each at 20% level resulted in significantly (P<60>0.01) lowered percent cooking loss, lesser ERV values and higher emulsion stability and pH. Chicken loaves prepared containing cooked meat, recorded significantly lesser cooking loss and ERV values and higher emulsion stability, TBA and pH than those of raw chicken loaves. Addition of the above binders at 20% level in chicken loaves resulted in significantly (P<60>0.01) higher moisture and crude proteins and lesser ether extractives than those of the control samples. Cooked meat chicken loaves recorded significantly lesser moisture and higher crude proteins and ether extractives than those of raw chicken mean loaves. Organoleptic scores for colour, flavour, tenderness and overall acceptability were significantly (P<60>0.01) higher in the chicken loaves added with 20% blackgram flour, followed by those added with 20% blackgram flour. Chicken loaves added with 20% blackgram flour (P<60>0.01) scored superior mean juiciness scores than the rest of the formulations. Cooked meat chicken loaves got significantly superior colour, tenderness and overall acceptability scores, while raw chicken loaves got significantly higher flavour scores.

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007589   Ray K S;Chheda M;Mukhopadhyay M (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Post-Graduate, SNDT Womens' University, Juhu, Mumbai-400 049) : Performance of conventional and super critical fluid extraction methods for carotene recovery from non-edible leaves. J Fd Sci Technol 2000, 37(5), 514-6.

Method was developed to recover carotene from non-edible plant sources. Performance of carotene recovery by conventional solvent extraction method was compared with Super Critical Fluid (SCF) method. Moisture content of the feed material has been found to play a prominent hindering role in the carotene recovery by SCF method. But, SCF method would be a better choice, as the sample did not have any solvent residue.

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007588   Ravinder D;Suresh K;Srinivas Rao S (Department of Physics, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500 007) : Electrical transport properties of gadolinium substituted Mn-Zn ferrites. Indian J Phys-Pt A 2000, 74(3), 339-41.

Electrical conductivity of polycrystalline gadolinium substituted Mn-Zn ferrite was investigated from room temperature to well beyond the Curie temperature. Plot of log (σT) versus 10³T show a transition near the Curie temperature. The activation energy in the ferrimagnetic region is in general less than that in the paramagnetic region. An attempt is made to explain the conduction mechanism in these ferrites.

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007587   Quraishi M A;Rawat J (Corrosion Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Facult, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202 002) : Corrosion of tin cans and its inhibition. J Fd Sci Technol 2000, 37(5), 529-32.

Investgigation was carried out to study the corrosion bahaviour of tin plate in citric acid in absence and presence of various concentrations of nitrate and sucrose and influence of glycine on tin corrosion in the presence of three fruit juices viz., orange, mango and pineapple by using Potentiodynamic polarization technique. The results revealed that nitrate acted as weak inhibitor at 50 and 125 ppm concentrations and showed negligible inhibitory effect at 250 ppm of citric acid. Sucrose gave maximum inhibitory efficiency of 42% at 15% concentration. Glycine acted as an excellent corrosion inhibitor for tin plate, gave <62> 90% inhibitory efficiency in all the three juices studied and acted as cathodic inhibitor. The study indicated the possible use of glycine as corrosion inhibitor of tin containers in canning industries.

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007586   Prasad K;Nath N (Department of Food Technology, G B P U A & T., Pantnagar-263 145) : Estimation of sugar content in commercially available beverages using ultrasonic velocity measurement. Indian J Phys-Pt A 2000, 74(4), 387-9.

Sugar content in commercially available beverages has been estimated using ultrasonic velocity measurement technique. The ultrasonic velocity, density and refractive index were measured in the mixture of 50 : 50 wt : wt solution of glucose and sucrose with distilled water over various concentrations (0-40%) at 26°C. Different techniques for sugar content determination have been compared with ultrasonic velocity measurement technique.

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007585   Perumal A;Srinivas V;Rao V V;Dunlap R A (Department of Physics and Meteorology, Cryogenic Engineering Centre, I I T, Kharagpur-721 302) : Electrical resistivity studies in amorphous Fe-Zr alloys. Indian J Phys-Pt A 2000, 74(3), 303-6.

Temperature dependence of electrical resistivity of amorphous Fe100-xZrx alloys (x = 8.5 and 9.5) is measured in the temperature range 5-300 K using a liquid helium cryostat. Experimental results show that both Curie temperature (Tc) and resistivity-minimum-temperature (Tmin) increase as Zr concentration increases. These observations indicate the existence of some correlation between magnetic and electrical resistivity behaviors near the transition region. The resistivity data has been analyzed in the light of both magnetic and non-magnetic scattering models to quantify the contributions from these scattering processes. From the quantitative analysis, it is found that the magnetic contribution is noticeable around Tc and the nonmagnetic contribution is present in the complete temperature range of present study.

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007584   Pawar V D;Khan F A;Agarkar B S (Department of Animal Products Technology, College of Food Technology, Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani-431 402) : Quality of Chevon patties as influenced by different methods of cooking. J Fd Sci Technol 2000, 37(5), 545-8.

Influence of different cooking methods (pan-frying, hot-air-oven and microwave oven) on chevon patties without and with added fat, whey protein concentrate (WPC) and flavour was studied, keeping the levels of spices and condiments constant. Different quality parameters such as product yield, cooking loss, gain in height, reduction in diameter, moisture, proteins, fat and sensory attributes of patties without any addition differed significantly (P<60>0.05) among the different methods of cooking. On addition of fat at 10% and WPC at 20% levels, all the sensory attributes of patties increased significantly (P<60>0.05) in all cooking methods. However, addition of fat beyond 10% level caused reduction in flavour. Patties cooked by hot-air-oven method ranked at the top but on addition of flavours, microwave oven method was found to be the most suitable. Although, significant (P<60>0.05) differences existed in all the sensory qualities of patties cooked by different methods with added beef and chicken flavours, the taste and aroma of chicken flavour was most preferred.

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