000309   SHANMUGAM P, WEI W, XIE J, MURUGAN E (Physical Chemistry Dep, Madras Univ, Chennai - 600 025, Email: shanmugachem@gmail.com) : Poly(styrene) beads grafted with dendrimer stabilized gold nanoparticles for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(1), 235-46.

Four types of new bead-shaped heterogeneous nanoparticle catalysts viz., polymer-supported poly(styrene) beads grafted with poly(propylene imine) dendrimer(G2) (PPI-G2) stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) viz., PS-PVBC-PPI(G2)-AuNPs-L & PS-P4VP-PPI(G2)-AuNPsL and PS-PVBC-PPI(G2)-AuNPs-H & PS-P4VP-PPI(G2)-AuNPs-H were prepared by varying the metal load 5.7 × 10^-3 mM (low metal load -L) and 11.4 10^-3 mM (high metal load -H) respectively. Initially, two different insoluble matrices including poly(styrene)-copoly(vinylbenzyl chloride) (PS-PVBC) grafted with PPI(G2) and poly(styrene)-co-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-P4VP) grafted with PPI(G2) dendrimer were prepared individually by suspension polymerization method and then the epoxy group was generated on both matrix via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and quaternization methods. The resulting matrixes grafted with PPI(G2) was stabilized individually with the addition of HAuCl₄ and thus obtained four types of new heterogeneous nanoparticle catalysts. These catalysts were characterized with UV-visible, FTIR, SEM, HRTEM & EDS techniques and their catalytic potential were examined by reduction of 4- nitrophenol as a model reaction under pseudo first order reaction condition. The obtained rate constant (k_obs) values revealed that the catalysts derived from ATRP method viz., PS-PVBC-PPI(G2)-AuNPs-H and PS-PVBC-PPI(G2)-AuNPs-L has shown 6 and 4 fold active than the catalysts derived from quaternized method viz., PS-P4VP-PPI(G2)-AuNPs-H and PS-P4VP-PPI(G2)-AuNPs-L respectively. The reusability of the superior catalyst was verified for the same reaction and proved the activity was sustained up to fourth cycle.

12 illus, 2 tables, 36 ref

000259   MIRZAN M, WIJAYA K, FALAH I I, TRISUNARYANTI W (Chemistry Dep, Gadjah Mada Univ, Yogyakarta 55283, Indonesia, Email: karnawijaya@ugm.ac.id) : Synthesis and characterization of Ni/ZrO₂-bentonite. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(1), 229-34.

Bentonite as a carrier was modified by means of pillarization using ZrOCl₂·8H₂O pillaring solution. Calcination was performed to obtain ZrO₂ bounded bentonite. To create a bifunctional catalyst, ZrO₂-bentonite was impregnated using Ni(NO₃)₂·6H₂O precursor as nickel metal source. Subsequently, calcination and reduction steps were performed to obtain Ni/ZrO₂-bentonite catalyst. The physical-chemical properties of catalyst was characterized by XRD, XRF and the surface area was analyzed with BET, surface acidity with gravimetric method using NH₃ vapour, FT-IR and TEM. The characterized results by XRD showed specific peaks of montmorillonite mineral still visible after the pillarization and impregnation process with nickel metal. The XRD analysis also showed an increase in basal spacing d₀₀₁ of the catalyst sample after the pillarization process characterized by the shifting of specific peaks d₀₀₁ to the left (2θ < 5º). The XRF analysis showed that the nickel content in bentonite sample was increased after impregnation with the Ni(NO₃)₂·6H₂O precursor. Qualitatively, acidity of the catalysts was determined by FTIR showing characteristics for Brønsted and Lewis acids at wavenumbers 1635-1381 cm^-1. Surface area analysis results showed an increase in specific surface area after pillarization and impregnation with nickel metal.

5 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref

000353   YUSUF M, SHEHNEELA, SINGH B (Chemistry Dep, Punjabi Univ, Patiala - 147 002, Email: yusuf_sah04@yahoo.co.in) : Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of new pyrrolo-isoxazolidine derivatives. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(1), 220-8.

In the present study, pyrrolo-isoxazolidines 3(a-l) and 4(a-e), 4g, 4i, 4j have been synthesized by using the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of nitrones 1(a-l) with ester substituted N-aryl maleimide (2b). These heterocycles have been obtained in cis and trans diastereomeric forms. The structures of newly synthesized heterocycles have been confirmed from their spectroscopic parameters such as IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and ESI-MS. The in vitro antimicrobial evaluation of these compounds were also investigated. Most of the prepared heterocycles showed significant antimicrobial properties. C₃-phenyl substituted products exhibited the remarkable antibacterial behaviours while C₃-thienyl/furyl substituted heterocycles proved themselves potent antifungal agents.

1 table, 38 ref

000275   PAGAR N S, DESHPANDE R M (Homogeneous Catalysis Div, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune - 411 008, Email: nspagar@gmail.com) : Highly efficient rhodium-phosphite catalyzed hydroformylation of camphene and other terpenes. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(1), 213-9.

The hydroformylation of terpenes has been studied with homogeneous Rh, Co and Pt complexes. The rhodium complex, Rh(CO)₂(acac) modified with triphenyl phosphite ligand has been found to be the best catalyst system for hydroformylation of camphene and other terpenes. The role of ligands, solvents, Rh:P ratio and reaction conditions on the activity and selectivity towards camphene hydroformylation have been investigated.

2 illus, 3 tables, 54 ref

000163   ALAGHAZ A-N M A, ALTURIQI A S, AMMAR R A, ZAYED M E (Chemistry Dep, Jazan Univ, Jazan, Saudi Arabia, Email: aalajhaz@hotmail.com) : Synthesis, spectral characterization, docking analysis, DNA binding/cleavage, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of new dimeric antipyrine-Schiff base metal complexes. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(1), 199-212.

In the present study, a new series of novel Schiff base ligand derived from (furan-2-carbaldehyde and 4-aminoantipyrine) and dimeric metal(II) complexes with the composition of [MLCl₂]₂, where M=Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductivity measurements, FT-IR, UV-visible, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, EPR, MS (ESI), XRD, SEM and EDX studies. The spectral data recommend that the dimeric metal complexes embrace octahedral geometry around the central metal ions. The DMF solutions of the dimeric metal complexes demonstrate the lower molar conductance values which might be due to the non-electrolytic nature of the complexes (5.67-13.24 Ω^-1 mol^-1 cm^-2). The biological studies involved are DNA interaction (binding and damage) antimicrobial, anti-proliferative and molecular docking. DNA interaction of these complexes carried out with using calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) by electronic absorption titration, viscometric measurement which revealed that the synthesized dimeric complexes interact with DNA through intercalative binding mode. A gel electro-phoresis assay testifies the ability of complexes to cleave supercoiled pUC19 DNA in the presence of hydrogen peroxide as an activator. The synthesized compounds were initiated from their biological perspective. The antimicrobial assay indicates that dimeric complexes are good antimicrobial agents. Besides, in vitro antiproliferative activity of dimeric complexes were investigated on MCF-7, Hep G2, HBL-100 cell lines using an MTT assay. In addition, the molecular docking study was accomplished to considerate the nature of binding of the synthesized compounds with protein and DNA.

12 illus, 7 tables, 62 ref

000322   STEPHEN L D, GUNASEKARAN S G, NALINI G, SOUNDARRAJAN M (Chemistry Dep, SRM Valliammai Engineering Coll, Kattankulathur - 603 203, Email: stephenudt@gmail.com) : Thermal reduction of Co^III(pn)₂Cl(L)²⁺-Fe(II) ions in aqueous-organic solvent medium via outer-sphere electron transfer approach. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(1), 191-8.

Medium imparts changes in redox reactions of metal complexes. That is, solvent plays an important role in trapping the exchanging electron on one site similar to that of intramolecular structural changes. Especially in ionic reactions, ion can be thought of creating a polarization field in the surrounding solvent. The rationality behind the proposal of the kinetics was detailed by fit the data in correlation equation involving linear and multiple Grunwald-Winstein plot, Swain’s dual linear relationship and Kamlet-Taft’s equations. The kinetic inferences of outer-sphere electron transfer reactions of cobalt(III) aryl amine complexes (Co^III(pn)₂Cl(L)²⁺ where L = RC₆H₅NH₂, R = m-OCH₃, p-F and H) with MeOH/dioxane solvent content were explored at different temperatures.

6 illus, 10 tables, 30 ref

000164   ALDEEN E S, ELSAMAN T, MOHAMED M S, ADAM M E, MOHAMED M A (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dep, Omdurman Islamic Univ, Khartoum, Sudan, Email: telbashir@ju.edu.sa) : Synthesis, characterization and assessment of local anesthetic activity of some benzohydroxamic acids. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(1), 181-5.

In the present investigation, 6 compounds (E1-E6) were synthesized by reaction of ethyl esters of p-substituted benzoic acid with hydroxylamine. The chemical structures of the synthesized hydroxamic acids were verified on the basis of spectral analysis (IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and mass spectra). The benzohydroxamic acids were examined for potential local anesthetic activity using foot withdrawal reflex of the frog and benzocaine was used as standard drug. Compounds were tested at two different solvents; 5 % DMSO and 0.65 % NaOH, each solution was tested at three different concentration levels (40, 100 and 200 µg/mL). Local anesthetic activity of the compounds differed according to the concentration level and selected solvent. Compounds E4 and E5 were found to be the most active and were comparable to the standard drug in tested solvents at all investigated concentrations. All compounds displayed an enhanced activity in the the aqueous basic solutions.

4 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

000320   SRIVASTAVA N, SAXENA M (Chemistry Dep, Amity Univ Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow - 226 028, Email: nsrivastava1@lko.amity.edu) : Novel synthesis of 5-oxo-2-thioxo-2,5-dihydro-3-thiophenecarboxylate derivatives in non-aqueous medium. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(1), 176-80.

A novel synthetic method of synthesis of 5-oxo-2-thioxo-2,5-dihydro-3-thiophenecarboxylate (rhodanine) derivative is being reported using primary amines and acetylenic ester, carbon disufide and Triton-B in non-aqueous medium.

1 table, 25 ref

000294   RAO D R, SIDDAIAH V, MACHIRAJU P V S (Chemistry Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam - 530 003, Email: chris.olive7@gmail.com) : Soil quality assessment and its suitability for crop production. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(1), 169-75.

Soil properties are sensitive to various changes in the management and can be employed as indicators. Pollution in soil and water is strictly related to anthropogenic activities such as industrial wastages. Soil is a vital component, medium of unconsolidated nutrients and materials, forms the life layer of plants. The physico-chemical parameters of soil determine their adaptability to cultivation and the level of biological activity that can be supported by the soil. In view of the applications of chemical fertilizers for higher production of crops, the quality of soil decreases. Keeping in view of the rapid industrialization and hectic agricultural activities in East Godavari region of India, there is great need in analyzing the soils for physico-chemical parameters viz. pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, CO₃^2–, HCO₃^– , OH^– , total hardness, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na²⁺, K⁺ , chloride, sulphate and phosphate to assess the chemical contamination of soils. The correlation matrices for physicochemical parameters are generated to verify the internal relationship between the parameters. Further it is also proposed to estimation of the irrigation parameters viz., percent sodium (Na %), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Kelly's ratio (KR) and magnesium hazard (MH) to verify the suitability of soils for irrigation purposes. The results revealed that the soils near sago, paper and sugar industrial areas are slightly alkaline in nature. Higher phosphate concentration indicates the discharge of agriculture runoff in to soils. These irrigation parametric values indicate that these soils suitable for irrigation purposes however higher magnesium hazard (MH) values of soil indicate the depletion of the soil quality which in turn reduce the yield of the crops in study areas.

6 tables, 20 ref

000284   PRODJOSANTOSO A K, WIBOWO A W, KUSUMAWARDANI C (Chemistry Dep, Yogyakarta State Univ, Yogyakarta, DIY 55281, Indonesia, Email: prodjosantoso@uny.ac.id) : Effect of physical properties upon hydrothermal treatments on titanium dioxide films. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(1), 165-8.

Titanium dioxide is used extensively as semiconductor since more than five decades. Hydrothermal method is one the method which widely used for the synthesis of TiO₂ have been widely developed. The effect of hydrothermal temperatures on the titanium dioxide films is investigated. The TiO₂ films were prepared by hydrothermally layering a mixture of aquadest, HCl and titanium(IV) isopropoxide over indium tin oxide glass, at 110, 150, 180 and 200 ºC for 10 h. The film on the surface of indium tin oxide glass was calcined at 500 ºC and characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV-visible spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) methods. The study shows that the TiO₂ has a spherical morphology with the size between 0.5 to 2 µm. The TiO₂ consits of rutile and anatase with the particle size ranging from 16.97 to 24.10 nm and from 18.09 to 26.75 nm, respectively. The band gap energy of TiO₂ is between 3.17 to 3.48 eV.

4 illus, 3 tables, 21 ref

000313   SHARMA R K, VAIJAYANTHI V (Chemistry Dep, Kanchi Mamunivar Centre for P.G. Studies, Pondicherry - 605 008, Email: rksepr@gmail.com) : Sol-gel synthesis and spectral characterizations of (35-x)B₂O₃-65Bi₂O₃-x Fe₂O₃ glass system. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(1), 161-4.

Sol-gel technique was used to prepare glasses of the (35-x)B₂O₃-65Bi₂O₃-x Fe₂O₃ (0.1≤ x ≤ 0.4) system (A1-A4: x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4). The local structure and symmetry around trivalent iron were determined by studying X-band powder EPR spectra at room temperature. The EPR spectra of trivalent iron in glass samples are characterized by a more intense line at g = 4.2 and a less intense line at g = 2.0. The EPR line at g = 4.2 is attributed to trivalent iron in rhombic octahedral environment. The line at g = 2.0 is because of two or more trivalent iron coupling through dipole-dipole interactions in distorted octahedral symmetry. The intensity of EPR lines is dependent of Fe₂O₃ content in the glass samples. At higher concentration of Fe₂O₃, EPR line at g = 4.2 is less intense whereas the line at g = 2.0 is more intense which is ascribed to the formation of clusters of trivalent iron. The electronic spectra of glass samples show two broad bands corresponding to d-d transition in the range 410-450 nm and in the range 530-570 nm, respectively which are assigned to trivalent iron in distorted octahedral environment.

4 illus, 24 ref

000335   TEHRANI M B, MIRGHASEMI S N, SOURI E (Medicinal Chemistry Dep, Tehran Univ of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6451, Iran, Email: souri@sina.tums.ac.ir) : Spectrophotometric determination of fingolimod in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(1), 157-60.

Two rapid and simple spectrophotometric methods were proposed for the determination of fingolimod in pharmaceutical dosage forms. In the direct spectrophotometric method, the absorbance of fingolimod was measured at 217 nm. The method was linear over the concentration range of 0.25-30 µg/mL. The second procedure depends on the absorption measurement of an ion-pair complex of fingolimod and fluorescein formed in acidic medium. The second method was also linear over the concentration range of 3-150 µg/mL. Both methods showed acceptable within-day and between-day precision and accuracy (CV < 2 % and error < 2 %). The validated methods were applied successfully for the determination of fingolimod in capsules without any special pre-treatment.

3 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

000282   PRAGATHI M, REDDY K H (Chemistry Dep, Sri Vishnu Gavimatam Government Degree Coll, Kalyandurg - 515 761, Email: pragathi.madur@gmail.com) : Oxidative cleavage of DNA by transition metal complexes: synthesis, spectral characterization and DNA interactions of copper(II) complexes with quinquedentate Schiff base ligands. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(1), 148-56.

Designing of dinucleating ligands, with an additional donor atom that can bridge two metals in a more or less fixed geometry has rapidly developed in recent years. Part of the interest stems from the fact that the corresponding complexes are often studied as enzyme mimics. Two quinquedentate ligands have been synthesized by condensing salicylaldehyde/o-hydroxy- acetophenone with 2-hydroxy-1,3- propanediamine. The ligands and their metal complexes are synthesized and characterized by physico-chemical and spectral analysis. Electrochemical behaviour of the complexes is investigated through cyclic voltammetric studies. E_1/2 values are observed at 0.360 and 0.331 V vs. Ag/AgCl for the complexes. The non-equivalent current in cathodic and anodic peaks (i_c/i_a = 1.224 and 1.065 at 100 mV s^-1) for metal complexes indicate quasi-reversible behaviour. Binding interactions of the dinuclear copper(II) complexes with calf thymus DNA are investigated using absorption spectrophotometry. Cleavage activities of these complexes are uncovered on a double stranded pBR plasmid DNA by using gel electrophoresis experiments in different conditions. At micromolar concentration, the ligands exhibit no significant activity, whereas the metal complexes show significantly enhanced nuclease activity due to the presence of metal ions. Copper complexes cleave DNA more effectively in the presence of oxidant. This is consistent with the increased production of hydroxyl radicals by cuprous ions similar to the well known “Fenton reaction”.

10 illus, 6 tables, 54 ref

000299   SALIM H, RIMAWI W H, SHAHEEN S, MJAHED A (Applied Chemistry Dep, Palestine Polytechnic Univ, Hebron, Palestinian Territories, Email: whrimawi@ppu.edu) : Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of extracts from Palestinian Aleppo pine seeds, bark and cones. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(1), 143-7.

Pinus halepensis (Aleppo pine) is one of the most common trees that are known for their medicinal and economic importance in the Mediterranean region. This work aimed to determine the total phenolic, flavonoid and lipid contents, as well as to study the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of extracts obtained from different parts (cones, bark and seeds) of Pinus halepensis trees cultivated in Palestine. Two extraction techniques (maceration and Soxhlet) using thee different solvents (ethanol, 80 % methanol and hexane) were applied. The results showed that among all extracts, methanolic extract of cones had the highest total phenolic content (431.38 mg equivalent gallic acid/g extract) and the best total flavonoid content (193.25 mg catechin equivalent/g extract) and demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity with EC₅₀ of 1.48 µg/mL. The highest total lipid content using hexane as extraction solvent was found for the extract from seeds (30.1 %). The antibacterial activity of the extracts was studied using agar dilution method against Shigella, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Solutions of the obtained extracts with the concentration range of 10^-5 to 10^-2 g extract/mL in 20 % aqueous DMSO exhibited 15-80 %, 20-80 % and 20-95 % bacterial inhibition of Shigella, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively.

3 tables, 30 ref

000331   TABASSUM F, HASAN C M, MASUD M M, ISLAM S N, AHSAN M (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dep, Dhaka Univ, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh, Email: fatematabassum23@gmail.com) : Phytochemical and biological investigations of Ravenia spectabilis. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(1), 139-42.

The methanolic extract of the leaves of Ravenia spectabilis was investigated for isolation of secondary metabolites and evaluation of bioactivities. Two alkaloids ravenoline (1) and arborinine (2) were obtained by using vacuum liquid chromatography, gel permeation chromatography and PTLC. The compounds were identified by NMR spectroscopy and by comparing the NMR data with those published in the literature. The pure compounds and the petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and aqueous soluble fractions of the crude methanolic extract of the plant were evaluated for thrombolytic, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. In the study for thrombolytic property, the pure compounds and different fractions showed thrombolytic activity ranging from 30.43 to 48.85 % as compared to standard streptokinase (74.34 %). All the fractions and the pure compounds showed mild to moderate antibacterial activity. Carbon tetrachloride fraction showed moderate antioxidant activity (97.53 µg/mL) as compared to BHT (27.50 µg/mL), whereas other fractions showed mild antioxidant activity.

3 tables, 19 ref

000310   SHANTHAMANI M, ULAGI R (PG & Research Chemistry Dep, Government Arts Coll (Autonomous), Coimbatore - 641 018, Email: ratnamulagi15@gmail.com) : Isolation of steroid compounds from Randia malabarica (Triveng) and their biological activity. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(1), 135-8.

Two steroidal compounds i.e., 1-octacosanol (1) and β-sitosterol (2) were isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of Randia malabarica (Triveng). The antitumor activity of the compounds 1 and 2 were observed against A549 and HeLa using MTT assay. The isolated compounds exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on the two cancer cell lines with a significant effect of inhibition. Molecular docking studies have been performed for both the compounds, showed good inhibitory activity, thereby opening its applications to various clinical trials.

3 tables, 18 ref

000193   CHINE S S, PATIL C S (Chemistry Dep, Deogiri Coll, Aurangabad - 431 005, Email: chabu251962@yahoo.co.in) : A novel method for synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines using robust laterite catalyst under ultrasonic irradiation. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(1), 128-34.

An efficient method for the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives from various aryl or heteroaryl aldehydes, β-ketoester and ammonium acetate in presence of laterite catalyst in ethanol under ultrasonication is reported. Catalyst study done with wet chemical analysis, FT-IR, XRD, SEM and EDS techniques. The catalyst can be recovered and reused without noticeable loss of activity even after five cycles.

3 illus, 5 tables, 44 ref

000333   TARANNUM N, KHAN R, SINGH P (Chemistry Dep, Chaudhary Charan Singh Meerut Univ, Meerut - 250 005, Email: naz1012@gmail.com) : Preparation and applications of modified chitosan based carbobetaine gel system for treatment of acephate contaminated water. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(1), 121-7.

The pesticide toxicity and its degradation product may lead to the need of devising techniques for treatment of pesticide contaminated water. In present study, we have attempted to manage chitin waste to chitosan based gel system, which was put to an ecofriendly application of removal of acephate, a representative of organophosphate pesticide, from contaminated water. The isolated chitosan from chitin biowaste was characterized for solubility, viscosity, particle size, degree of deacetylation and molecular weight determination. Further, chitosan was treated with glutaraldehyde and nitrogen centers of this extended chain were quaternized with γ-butyrolactone to form carbobetaine gel system. An external crosslinker is also used for better gelation property. The prepared chitosan based carbobetaine gel system was used to treat acephate contaminated water. The work aims to manage chitin biowaste to chitosan as a precursor to generate value added product from low cost materials to solve environmental issues.

5 illus, 1 table, 51 ref

000237   KHDIUM L H, DREA A A A (Chemistry Dep, Babylon Univ, Hilla 51002, Iraq, Email: aadreab22@yahoo.com) : A comparative reactivity study of adenine versus guanine base through transition state formation with cis-platinum(IV) complex using DFT. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(1), 114-20.

B3LYP, Lanl2DZ basis sets at density functional theory (DFT) method has been used on a ground state geometry optimized for all proposed structures that have been involved in this study. Structural parameters such as bond lengths, bond angles and dihedral angles have been calculated in the same way to achieve a global reactivity description of Pt(IV) complex. We suggested a minimal energy structure of diaminobis((4-hydroxy-4-butanol)oxy)platinum(IV) chloride complex (DOP) as a new chemotherapy formula of cis-platinum complex. The reactive site of nucleophilic attachment at DOP occurs on carbon atoms due to their positive charge, while other atoms (nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine) are carried negative charges due to the delocalization of electron pair by a resonance effect. Bonds of Pt-Cl with 2.290 Å are more reactive bounds toward the replacement reactions than other chemical bonds in the DOP complex. Investigation revealed that the thermodynamic functions values are increased due to increasing vibrational intensities of cisplatin complex. The fourth transition state (TS4) is the most probable transition state than other suggested transition states for both guanine and adenine bases. The TS4 of platinum complex binding with guanine is the most probable by a factor of -18.134 a.u. of optimization energy value than other suggested states. TS4-guanine is the most probable than other suggested states by factor 7.354 kcal/mol of zero point energy (ZPE). Hence, platinum complex (DOP) is binded with guanine base of DNA through N7.

9 illus, 5 tables, 33 ref

000262   MUTHUVINOTHINI A, STELLA S (Chemistry Dep, Sarah Tucker Coll (Autonomous), Tirunelveli - 627 012, Email: stella.selvaraj@gmail.com) : A comparative study on copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized from plant extracts. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(1), 109-13.

In the present work, we report the green synthesis of two forms of copper oxide nanoparticles (Cu₂O and CuO) using aqueous extracts of immature coconut fruit and pomegranate peel. The biomolecules present in the plant extract act as reducing and stabilizing agent for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, FT-IR, UV-visible, EDX and SEM analysis. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the synthesized nanoparticle was cuprous oxide (Cu₂O) when aqueous extract of immature Cocos nucifera was used as biomaterial whereas cupric oxide (CuO) was formed when aqueous peel extract of Punica granatum was used. The size of cuprous oxide nanoparticles was 53 nm and that of cupric oxide nanoparticles was 24 nm. The morphology of the nanoparticles surface was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Further, the formation of CuO/Cu₂O nanoparticles was confirmed by EDX analysis which gives the additional evidence for the formation of copper oxide nanoparticles.

7 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

000338   TIEN V D, VU V V, VU T K (Hanoi Univ of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam, Email: vu.trankhac@hust.edu.vn) : A new synthetic route for preparation of enantiomers of gossypol and apogossypol from racemic gossypol. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(1), 105-8.

The paper described the preparation of enantiomers of gossypol and apogossypol from racemic gossypol via a two-step procedure. In the first step, D-tryptophan methyl ester was used as an effective agent to resolve racemic gossypol into (–)-gossypol and (+)-gossypol. Next, the deformylation reaction of the corresponding (–)-gossypol and (+)-gossypol was conducted in sodium hydroxide solution, followed by sulfuric acid neutralization in inert atmosphere and the resulting precipitate was filtered and washed with water to give (–)-apogossypol and (+)-apgossypol, respectively in high yields and in high enantiomeric excesses.

25 ref

000173   BABU V H, RAO A V, MORE A (Chemistry Dep, A.V.N. Engineering and Technology Coll, Ibrahimpatnam - 501 510, Email: ashokemore@gmail.com) : Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of binuclear chromium(II) complexes of new Schiff base ligand derived from amino acids. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(1), 99-104.

Eight chromium(II) complexes of type, [Cr(L)(H₂O)x]·xH₂O (where L= Schiff base ligand) have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of elemental analysis IR, ¹H, ¹³C NMR, mass and electronic spectroscopy, magnetic and conductance measurements. The amino acid schiff base ligand behaved as a octadentate ligand. The probable structures of the chromium(II) complexes have been elucidated and also the chromium(II) complexes were screened for antibacterial activity, which showed a moderate to good activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

3 illus, 4 tables, 30 ref

000336   THIRUMOORTHY K, KRISHNA S K (Chemistry Dep, Chikkaiah Naicker Coll, Erode - 638 004, Email: kthiru86@gmail.com) : Preparation and characterization of ball clay-manganese dioxide nanocomposites. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(1), 83-8.

We report in present work the simple procedure to synthesize ball clay-manganese dioxide (MnO₂) nanocomposites. The as-synthesized nanocomposites were characterized using powder XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM and BET surface area, respectively. Recently the explorations of clay modification for developing the adsorbent ability to get rid of the toxins from water. The XRD result indicates that the nanocomposite was crystalline in nature. The FTIR spectra showed that the native ball clay was successfully converted to ball clay-MnO₂ nanocomposites, which were identified by the change in peaks. The SEM images of the ball clay-MnO₂ nanocomposites showed that development in surface area. The TEM images indicated that the size of the nanoparticle. The BET studies of as synthesized ball clay-MnO₂ nanocomposites indicate that surface area, total pore volume and average pore diameter values.

5 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

000274   PAGAR B P (P G Chemistry Dep, K.S.K.W. Arts, Science & Commerce Coll, CIDCO, Nashik - 422 008, Email: pagarbp77@gmail.com) : Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of iminothioether linkers on cyclopenta[α]phenanthrene derivatives. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(1), 79-82.

The reaction of methylbenzo[h][1,6]naphthyridine (1) with thiourea yield 4-chloro-12-methyl-16,17-dihydro-15-thia-6,11-diazacyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-7-thiol (2). The chemistry of compound 2 is explored to obtained iminothioether derivatives (3a-h) in good yields. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by spectral data and elemental analysis. The antimicrobial activity of newly synthesized compounds were studied against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Proteus valgaris, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus sp. and Bacillus megaterium by the agar well diffusion method. Compounds 3d, 3f and 3h showed moderate antimicrobial activity.

1 table, 23 ref

000189   CHANDRAKALA M (Chemistry Dep, Bangalore Institute of Technology, Bengaluru - 560 004, Email: mchandrakala.kum@gmail.com) : Reactions of Fe(III), Co(II) and Cu(II) ions with 2-salicylidene-4-aminophenyl benzimidazole. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(1), 73-8.

Reactions of Fe(III), Co(II) and Cu(II) ions with 2-salicylidene-4-aminophenyl benzimidazole (LH; SAPbzlH) in ethanol/acetone produced complexes of the formulae [FeCl(L)₂]₂·2H₂O; [FeBr₂(LH)₂]Br; [MCl(L)]₂·0.5H₂O (M = Co, Cu), [M(L)H₂O]₂Br₂·nH₂O (M = Co, n = 0 ; M = Cu, n = 2); [Co(LH)₂]n. The metal complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, IR, Far-IR, MS, AAS and TGA. The chloro complex of iron(III) is dimeric with dichloro bridge whereas the bromo complex is monomeric, the metal ion having an octahedral environment. The chloro complexes of Co(II) and Cu(II) are dimeric with bridging Schiff base and terminal halides, the metal ion being in a square planar environment. The bromo complexes of Co(II) and Cu(II) are dimeric with bridging Schiff base and terminal water molecule, the metal ion being in a square planar environment. Molar conductance measurements of the bromo complexes in DMSO has revealed 1:2 electrolytic behaviour. Cobalt acetate and perchlorate with SAPbzlH yielded polymeric complexes with ligand bridging. The magnetic susceptibility data have suggested tetrahedral environment around the metal ion.

9 illus, 3 tables, 27 ref

000168   ALWAN H A, KARAM M A, HASHIM H O, HUSSEIN F H (Research and Studies Dep, Al-Mustaqbal Univ Coll, Babylon, Iraq, Email: abohasan_hilla@yahoo.com) : Synthesis and antibacterial activities of silver nanoparticles. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(1), 56-60.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized from silver nitrate and sodium borohydride and the structures were characterized using ultraviolet-visible, fourier transforms infrared and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDS) spectroscopy. Zeta potential measurements and scanning electron microscopy were also used to measure the dimensions of silver nanoparticles. The particle radii were in the range of 50 to 80 nm with typical surface plasmon absorption maxima at 428 nm. The synthesized AgNPs showed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AgNPs was achieved at 5 µg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus and Yersinia spp. and at 1 µg/mL for Acinetobacter spp., Streptococcus pyogenes, Salmonella typhi and Vibrio cholera. Escherichia coli isolate showed a visible inhibitory effect compared to the positive control, but the highest studied concentration of AgNPs (5 µg/mL) did not inhibit the bacterial growth completely. These results suggested that silver nanoparticles can be used as an effective antibacterial agent.

5 illus, 1 table, 43 ref

000197   DEVI J, BATRA N, YADAV J (Chemistry Dep, Guru Jambheshwar Univ of Science and Technology, Hisar - 125 001, Email: jaidevi_gju@yahoo.com) : Synthesis and characterization of mixed ligand transition metal (II) complexes of isatinimine Schiff bases. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(1), 51-5.

Transition metal complexes of cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II) and zinc(II) of isatinimine Schiff base ligands (HL₁-HL₂) derived from isatin 5-chloro-2-hydroxy aniline (HL₁), 2-amino-4-nitrophenol (HL₂) and heterocyclic nitrogen base 8-hydroxyquinoline have been synthesized. All the metal complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility, SEM and spectroscopic techniques (IR, UV-visible, NMR and ESR). Transition metal complexes existed as octahedral or distorted octahedral geometries around metal centres with the donation of carbonyl oxygen, azomethine nitrogen and deprotonated enolic oxygen, whereas ligand 8-hydroxyquinoline existed as monobasic bidentate ON coordinating through oxygen of hydroxyl group and nitrogen of quinoline ring. The complexes were found to be non-electrolytic in nature.

5 tables, 25 ref

000194   CHOWDARY B N, UMASHANKARA M, DINESH B, GIRISH K, BABA A R (Microbiology Dep, Maharani’s Science Coll for Women, Mysore - 570 005, Email: girishk77@yahoo.com) : Development of 5-(aryl)-3-phenyl-1h-pyrazole derivatives as potent antimicrobial compounds. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(1), 45-50.

A series of 16 chalcone compounds were synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation of various aldehydes with acetophenone using KOH as a base in ethanol. The reaction affords the desired products in good yields. Then all the 16 compounds were converted into pyrazoles by treating with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol under reflux condition. Both chalcones and pyrazoles were screened for their in vitro antibacterial (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and antifungal (Aspergillus flavus, Chrysosporium keratinophilum and Candida albicans) activity. Biological activities of these compounds were compared with those of commercially available antibiotic ampicillin and antifungal agent miconazole. Pyrazoles were found to be most active and effective than corresponding chalcones for antimicrobial activity. Out of the 7 pyrazole compounds tested for antibacterial and antifungal activity, 5 compounds, 4h, 4j, 4l, 4m and 4n are turned out to be potent antimicrobial agents. Therefore these derivatives could serve as a highly promising molecules for further development.

2 tables, 28 ref

000235   KHALID M, MOHAMMED S (Chemistry Dep, Zakho Univ, Kurdistan, Zakho, Iraq) : Recent free-radical reactions. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(1), 25-40.

This review highlights the most recent syntheses of free radical reactions, which included numerous processes (photoredox catalysis freeradical reactions, free-radical cascade processes reactions, Minisci-type free radical alkylation reactions and metal-catalysis free radical reactions). A photoredox-catalyzed C–H functioning of aromatic heterocyclic utilizing an assortment of various, alkyltrifluoroborates has been mentioned. Utilizing organo-photocatalyst and a moderate oxidant, conditions malleable for functionalizing complex aromatic heterocyclics are outlined to prepare a oriental agent for late-stage derivatization. Radical alkylations of aromatic heterocyclic (Minisci reactions) appear a more direct functionalization of particular, C–H bonds. For the ground mentioned above, alkylation designing using radical have recently risen to significance for the late-stage functionalization of aromatic heterocyclic framework. Therefore, this issue is the primary point of the present survey, which thinks about work from the most recent five years. The work is ordered by the key procedures associated with the synthesis of free-radical reactions, planning to give researchers a simple comprehension of this free radical–reactions-based science and to give bits of knowledge to provide insights for further investigations.

74 ref

000219   HO S M, MAHADIK M A, JANG J S, SINGH V N (INTI International Univ, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, Email: soonmin.ho@newinti.edu.my) : Metal oxide based chalcogenides heterostructure thin film photoanodes for photoelectrochemical solar hydrogen generation. Asian J Chem 2019, 31(1), 18-24.

Thin films have been used for many applications. Hydrogen production from solar water splitting has been considered as a key solution to the energy and environmental issues. The tuned band gap alignments in metal chalcogenides/metal oxides heterostructure enable efficient separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, leading to the effective hydrogen production. We sensitize these structures by hydrothermal methods and evaluate the performance toward hydrogen generation. This work shows a brief overview of photoelectrochemical hydrogen production, progress and ongoing sprints. Here, different metal chalcogenides were deposited on metal oxides (TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃) in order to improve the photoelectrochemical performance by reducing recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs and facilitate hole transport at the metal chalcogenides/metal oxides/electrolyte interface. The study includes chalcogenides/metal oxides heterostructure designs and electrochemistry and solar hydrogen generation are brought together, illustrating the promise and challenge of photoelectrochemistry.

5 illus, 67 ref

000188   CHANDRA S (Botany Dep, Burdwan Univ, Bardhaman, West Bengal) : Fourier transform infrared (Ft-Ir) spectroscopic analysis of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia (Solanaceae). J Med Plants Stud 2019, 7(1), 82-5.

The present study deals with the Fourier Transform Infrared (Ft-Ir) Spectroscopic analysis of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, an ethnomedicinally important plant. The phytochemical group analysis of the plant has been performed by Ft-Ir method. Methanolic extraction of dried leaf along with dry KBr. salt has been employed in this method. FTIR spectral data indicates specific fingerprint region for the species. The results shows different frequencies, ranges from 896.90cm^-1 to 3352.28cm^-1 , confirmed the presence of phenolics, protein, acid, alcohol, ether etc in this plant. It is also observed that the plant is rich in amino acids content. Different phytochemical groups present in the plant sample give an indication of its medicinal potency. Findings of this paper will be useful for identification, quality control of crude drugs obtained from this plant and pharmacological studies in future.

1 illus, 1 table, 27 ref

000165   ALGFRI S K, KAID A A, MUNAIEM R T (Pharmacognosy Dep, Aden Univ, Aden city, Yemen) : Phytochemical and antioxidant studies of some green leafy vegetables consumed in Yemen as salad. J Med Plants Stud 2019, 7(1), 22-8.

In present study four green leafy vegetables which widely consumed in diet as salad in Yemen have been evaluated for antioxidative constituents and free radical scavenging activities. Phytochemical screening of 70 % methanol leaf extracts of Eruca sativa, Lactuca sativa L, Raphanus sativus and Allium porrum was showed present carbohydrates, steroids, triterpenoids, polyphenols, flavonoids and alkaloids. All these extracts exhibited antioxidant activity in rapid screening by dot-blot assay and TLC analysis with DPPH. Free radical scavenging activities were ranged from 32.23 ± 4.18 % for Allium porrum to 91.33 ± 4.01 % for Lactuca sativa. Results of this study may confirm the nutrients, pharmacological properties and explain partially the uses of selected green leafy vegetables in prevention of many illnesses.

9 illus, 4 tables, 28 ref

000221   HUANG Y, ZHANG Y (Dalian Univ of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China, Email: yfzhang@dlut.edu.cn) : Influence of the electrochemical properties of vanadium oxides on specific capacitance by molybdenum doping. Bull Mater Sci 2019, 42(1), 37.

Molybdenum (Mo)-doped vanadium dioxide (VO₂(B)) nanobelts were successfully synthesized using commercial vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) as the starting material and ammonium molybdate as the dopant by a simple hydrothermal route. Then, Mo-doped VO₂(B) nanobelts were transformed to Mo-doped V₂O₅ nanobelts by calcination at 400$°$C under an air atmosphere. The samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer, elemental mapping, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The results showed that Mo-doped VO₂(B) and V₂O₅ solid solution with high purity were obtained. The electrochemical properties of Mo-doped VO₂(B) and V₂O₅ nanobelts as supercapacitor electrodes were measured using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD). The specific capacitance of VO₂(B) nanobelts slightly declines with Mo doping, however, the specific capacitance of V₂O₅ nanobelts greatly improves with Mo doping. Mo-doped V₂O₅ nanobelts exhibit the specific capacitance as high as 526 F g⁻¹ at the current density of 1 A g⁻¹. Both CV and GCD curves show that they have good rate capability and retain 464, 380, 324 and 273 F g⁻¹ even at a high-current density of 2, 5, 10 and 20 A g⁻¹, respectively. It turns out that Mo-doped V₂O₅ nanobelts are ideal materials for supercapacitor electrodes in the present work.

10 illus, 2 tables, 61 ref

000297   REDDY G D, NOORJAHAN M, RATNAMALA A (Chemistry Dep, Palamuru Univ, Mahbubnagar - 509 001, Email: deepalirreddy@gmail.com) : Novel visible-range luminescence of pristine nanozirconia phosphor using green fabrication techniques. Bull Mater Sci 2019, 42(1), 34.

We report unification of pristine nanozirconia phosphor (PNZP), which exhibits orange-red luminescence. PNZP was developed in a lucid manner by the reduction of a zirconyl oxy chloride (ZrOCl₂ · 8H₂O) solution with a wet leaf extract of Syzygium cumini (S. cumini) using green fabrication techniques (ultrasonication and microwave irradiation) in the absence of a surfactant and a base, which opens a new avenue for designing novel visible-range luminescence nanophosphors. The ultraviolet–visible spectrum of the aqueous medium containing zirconia nanoparticles showed an absorption peak at around 262 nm. Powder X-ray diffraction study showed that the particles are crystalline in nature, with an average size of $~$2.06 nm comprising a tetragonal/monoclinic ZrO₂ structure. Photoluminescence spectroscopy study has shown a sharp emission peak at 603 nm and broad emission peaks at 670 and 720 nm at 350 nm excitation. The most useful outcome of this work will be the development of pure nanophosphors using plant extracts which contain different fluorophores, with applications in nanoelectronic devices, catalysis, optoelectronics and piezoelectric devices.

5 illus, 21 ref

000308   SHAMIM M, DANA K (Refractory and Traditional Ceramics Div, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata - 700 032, Email: kdana@cgcri.res.in) : Intercalation of LDH NO₃ with short-chain intercalants. Bull Mater Sci 2019, 42(1), 25.

Intercalation behaviour of layered-double hydroxide (LDH) with short-chain intercalants (−(CH₂)_n−, n < 9) is significantly difficult and less reported than with long-chain intercalants. The present study reports an efficient way to intercalate LDH with short-chain intercalants (n = 4 and 8) and investigates the effect of layer charge on intercalation behaviour of LDHs. Short-chain anionic surfactants were successfully intercalated with synthetic LDHs [Zn_1−xAl_x (OH)₂NO₃·nH₂O, x = 0.2−0.33] by an ion-exchange intercalation technique in a slightly acidic medium (pH = 5.4). The adverse effect of a carbonate anion was avoided by performing the ion-exchange intercalation in slightly acidic medium (pH = 5.4). It was found that basal spacing (d₀₀₃) and experimental organic loading of intercalated LDH (OLDH) increase monotonically with increasing anion-exchange capacity of LDH and intercalant chain length. The evolution of intercalated LDH (O-LDH) structures with increasing intercalant chain length and layered charge has been deciphered by correlating basal spacing of O-LDHs (by X-ray powder diffraction), organic loading data (by thermogravimetric analysis) and molecular conformation of O-LDHs (by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) within the LDH gallery. Successful intercalation of LDH with these short-chain intercalants in slightly acidic medium has not been reported previously.

7 illus, 5 tables, 43 ref

000226   JHA M, ANSARI S, SHIMPI N G (Chemistry Dep, Mumbai Univ, Mumbai - 400 098, Email: navin_shimpi@rediffmail.com) : Novel sonochemical green approach for synthesis of highly crystalline and thermally stable barium sulphate nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica leaf extract. Bull Mater Sci 2019, 42(1), 22.

Nanomaterial synthesized using plant extract is a viable and better alternative to chemical synthesis methods. A simple, nontoxic and inexpensive strategy, which meets the standard of green chemistry, has been introduced for the synthesis of highly crystalline and thermally stable barium sulphate (BaSO₄) nanoparticles. This work reports ultrasonic-assisted green synthesis of BaSO₄ nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica leaf extract at room temperature. The as-synthesized BaSO₄ nanoparticles were subjected to various physiochemical characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission gun-scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). XRD explored orthorhombic, highly crystalline and pure BaSO₄ (JCPDS: 24-1035) with average crystallite size of 55.6 nm. FEG-SEM study revealed about size (>80 nm) of BaSO₄ nanoparticles. Co-precipitation method was also employed to synthesize BaSO₄ for comparison between biogenic and chemical methods. The size of BaSO₄ nanoparticles obtained using co-precipitation method was very large with rod shape morphology. Novel sonochemical green method is preferable because of its control over particle size as well as morphology. FTIR study confirmed the formation of BaSO₄ nanoparticles. High thermal tolerance and stability of BaSO₄ nanoparticles was evidenced from single step weight loss in TGA. In addition, strong characteristic signals of barium, sulphur and oxygen in EDX confirmed the purity of ultrasonic-assisted green synthesized BaSO₄ nanoparticles. Overall, this one pot, inexpensive and green sonochemical approach is a promising method for the synthesis of BaSO₄ nanoparticles, which might be used for various commercial applications.

9 illus, 1 table, 39 ref

000236   KHATI K, JOSHI I, BISHT A, ZAIDI M G H (Chemistry Dep, G.B. Pant Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand - 263 145, Email: komal.chem89@gmail.com) : Haemoglobin/polyindole composites: The novel material for electrochemical supercapacitors. Bull Mater Sci 2019, 42(1), 20.

Conducting polymers have recently been employed with metal derivative macromolecules that have led to great improvement in the field of supercapacitor materials. The current work reports on the synthesis of a novel class of haemoglobin/polyindole composites (HPCs) through doping of haemoglobin (Hb) into a polyindole (PIN) matrix. HPCs with enhanced electrocapacitive performance were prepared through a cationic surfactant-assisted dilute solution polymerization of indole (IN) in the presence of Hb at various concentrations ranging from 10 to 30 % (w/w) and ferric chloride (FeCl₃) as an oxidant. The HPCs were characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectra, scanning electron microscopy and simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis. Electrochemical capacitance (C_s,Fg⁻¹) of graphite-based electrodes fabricated from HPCs over stainless steel in the presence of sulphonated polysulphone as a binder has been investigated in KOH solution (1.0 M) with reference to Ag/AgCl at a scan rate (V s⁻¹) ranging from 0.001 to 0.2. HPCs with 30 % (w/w) of Hb have shown the highest C_s of 294.00 as compared with 112.00 for pure PIN at a scan rate of 0.001 V s⁻¹. Successive scans of HPC electrodes show a capacitive decline of $~$2 % during the first 1000 cycles at a scan rate of 0.1Vs⁻¹ in KOH (1.0 M), which indicates the appreciable electrochemical cyclic stability of the HPCs over PIN. Thus, the fabricated HPCs may serve as potential electrode material for development of electrochemical supercapacitors.

4 illus, 31 ref

000232   KEFIF F, EZZIANE K, BAHMANI A, BETTAHAR N, MAYOUF S (Sciences et de la Technologie d’Oran Mohamed Boudiaf Univ (USTO-MB), BP 1505 Oran, Algeria, Email: fatimakefif@yahoo.fr) : Evans Blue dye removal from contaminated water on calcined and uncalcined Cu-Al-CO₃ layered double hydroxide materials prepared by coprecipitation. Bull Mater Sci 2019, 42(1), 14.

This work focuses on studying the removal of Evans Blue dye, which is a water pollutant, using Cu-Al-CO₃ anionic clay known also as layered double hydroxide (LDH) and its phase calcined at 500$°$C (Cu-Al-500). LDH is easy to synthesize by a coprecipitation method at a constant pH; it is non-toxic and non-expensive, constituted of plane sheets containing alternating octahedral stack M(OH)₆ formed by divalent (Cu²⁺) and trivalent (Al³⁺) cations and carbonate anions (CO₃²⁻) in the interfoliar space. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the formed solids shows that the synthesized phase is the LDH type, and was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that the decarbonation of LDH begins at 500$°$C, thus this temperature is chosen for the calcination of this clay. XRD and FT-IR of the calcined phase confirm the obtaining of copper and aluminium oxides. The UV–visible study of the adsorption of Evans Blue is performed by varying different parameters such as the weight of LDH and its calcined phase, the concentration of the dye and the pH of the solution. The obtained isotherms from this kinetic study show that the adsorption of Evans Blue dye is more efficient in the calcined phase compared with the as-synthesized LDH.

17 illus, 3 tables, 37 ref

000355   ZHOU W, XIE Q, LI J, ZHENGWEI C, PENG F (South China Univ of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People’s Republic of China, Email: fpeng@gzhu.edu.cn) : Controllable preparation of hollow fibrous SrCO₃. Bull Mater Sci 2019, 42(1), 12.

A simple and economic CO₂ bubbling crystallization reactor for preparation of strontium carbonate (SrCO₃) was designed. Through monitoring pH and conductivity, hollow SrCO₃ fibres without any morphology control agents were successfully obtained. The effects of temperature and CO₂ flow rate on the morphology of SrCO₃ were analysed. This study presents a new method for carbonate crystal control and growth.

5 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

000296   RAZAVI R, NASROLLAHZADEH B, MIRHOSSEINEI S A, LARICHE M J, NAJAFI M (Kermanshah Univ of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67149-67346, Iran, Email: meysamnajafi2016@yahoo.com) : C₃₂, Si₃₂ and B₁₆N₁₆ as anode electrodes of Li-, Na- and K-ion batteries: Theoretical examination. Bull Mater Sci 2019, 42(1), 10.

In this study, the potential of C₃₂, Si₃₂ and B₁₆N₁₆ nanocages as anode electrodes of Li-, Na- and K-ion batteries via density functional theory was investigated. The effects of halogen-adoption of C₃₂, Si₃₂ and B₁₆N₁₆ on potentials of metal-ion batteries were examined. Results showed that B₁₆N₁₆ as an anode electrode in metal-ion batteries has higher potential than C₃₂ and Si₃₂. Results illustrated that (i) a K-ion battery has higher cell voltage and higher performance than Li- and Na-ion batteries; (ii) halogen-adoption of nanocages increased the cell voltage of studied metal-ion batteries and (iii) F-adopted metal-ion batteries have higher cell voltage than Cl- and Br-adopted metal-ion batteries. Finally, F–B15N16 as an anode electrode in K-ion batteries has the highest performance and it can be proposed as novel metal-ion batteries.

1 illus, 3 tables, 77 ref

000252   MALO R, BENOÎT G, STÉPHANE M, BRICE M, LAURENCE V, ALAIN G (Bordeaux Univ, 33600 Pessac, France, Email: benoit.glorieux@icmcb.cnrs.fr) : Silica-coating of nano-Y₃Al₅O₁₂ : Ce³⁺ synthesized by self-combustion. Bull Mater Sci 2019, 42(1), 6.

Y_2.91Ce_0.09Al₅O₁₂ is obtained by self-combustion, grinding and sol–gel coating. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence and absorption measurements were used to identify the structural and optical properties of each step of the process. The process is composed of a combination of chemical and physico-chemical processes including combustion and thermal steps, followed by grinding, powder dispersion by acidic passivation, stabilization of particle dispersions with citrate ligands and embedding of yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) particles into SiO₂ shells using a seeded growth process before drying. The initial state of the obtained powder is composed of 35 nm crystallites, sintered and agglomerated. The grinding step breaks the sintered bridge, while the passivation and citrate adsorption steps separate the particles by electrostatic repulsion before the silica coating. The optical characterizations are performed and compared separately for the powdered samples that represent the initial and final states of our process, and the dispersion sample represents the intermediate state of our process. The optical measurement revealed an important amount of optical defects at the surface of the particles, compared with micrometric commercial particles. The grinding, nitric acid and citrate steps remove some of these defects. The final state of the sample still possesses lower quantum efficiency than that of a micrometric sample, but the SiO₂ coating allows for a perfect separation of the particle, suitable for implementation in small devices.

6 illus, 30 ref

000278   PATIL S B, GOUDGAON N M (Chemistry Dep, Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore - 560 054, Email: sbp7910@gmail.com) : Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some novel coumarin analogues. Int J Pharm Sci & Res 2019, 10(2), 960-5.

The desired target Compounds (4a-e), (5a-e) and (6a-e) were prepared in two steps. Reaction of 3-acetyl-6-bromo-2H-chromen-2- one (1) with 3-(Aryl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehydes (2a-e) in presence of aqueous KOH solution and the reaction mixture stirred for 2 hours and then filtered, furnished the desired 6-bromo-3-((E)-3-(3-(Aryl)- 1-phenyl- 1H-pyrazole-4-yl) acryloyl)- 2H-chromen-2- ones (3a-e) crystalline solids in 60-70% yield (Scheme-1). Further, compounds (3a-e) reaction with thiourea, urea and hydrazine hydrate in the presence of a base in EtOH yielded the compounds (4a-e), (5a-e) and (6a-e) in 50-85% yield. All the synthesized compounds have been characterized by spectral data’s, and they are screened for anti-microbial activity. Among synthesized compounds 3b, 3c, 3d, 5a, and 5d exhibited good activity against bacterial strains S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli, respectively. Whereas other compounds showed poor to moderate activity against all bacterial strains and compounds 3a, 3b, 3d, 4c, 5d, and 5c exhibited good antifungal activity against A. niger, and A. flavus and remaining compounds exhibited moderate antifungal activity. Results were tabulated in Table 2.

2 tables, 15 ref

000212   GOPHANE S R, KHOBRAGADE C N (Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada Univ, Nanded - 431 606, Email: shweta.gophane@gmail.com) : Chemical profiling, ADME prediction of Boerhavia diffusa Linn. and Crateva nurvala Buch. Ham in the management of urolithiasis. Int J Pharm Sci & Res 2019, 10(2), 890-916.

This study was carried out to investigate qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis and free radical scavenging activity of Boerhavia diffusa (root) and Crateva nurvala (bark) along with certain computational ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion) parameters of compounds analyzed from Boerhavia diffusa (root) and Crateva nurvala (bark). The dried powder of plants were extracted with increasing polarity of solvent namely ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol and distilled water by a three-step sequential extraction procedure. The chemical compositions of extracts were investigated using UV-Vis, FTIR and PerkinElmer Gas ChromatographyMass Spectrometry. Ethanolic extract of Boerhavia diffusa and Crateva nurvala was evaluated in vitro for its ability to inhibit the major enzyme activities of GOX and LDH through spectrophotometrically and mode of inhibition were evaluated using Lineweaver-Burk plots while ADME parameters were derived from ADMET server admet SAR. Among all extracts, ethanolic extracts showed the highest phenol, flavonoid, proanthocyanidins, and coumarin content. High DPPH free radical quenching activity was observed in ethanolic, ethyl acetate and acetone extracts of the plant which was significantly comparable with ascorbic acid. Also, plant extracts, analyzed by UV-FTIR and GC-MS which showed promising Glycolate oxidase and Lactate dehydrogenase inhibition and found to contain phenolic, glycosides and flavonoids compounds. The FTIR and GC-MS spectrum profile of the medicinally important plant extract having various bioactive compounds and interestingly from the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME)-Toxicity analysis the compound have enhanced pharmacological properties and can be used as an herbal alternative for the synthesis of antiurolithiac agents.

8 illus, 10 tables, 44 ref

000174   BACHHAV A A, AHIRE S A, JADHAV A G (Pharmaceutics Dep, Sandip Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nashik - 422 213, Email: ashwini27212@gmail.com) : Preformulation study of piroxicam. Int J Pharm Sci & Res 2019, 10(2), 811-8.

Preformulation testing is the first step in the rational development of dosage forms of a drug substance. The preformulation investigations confirm that there are no significant barriers to the compound’s development as a marketed drug. The formulation scientist uses this information to develop an efficacious, stable and safe dosage form. The main objective of the present research work was to do preformulation study of piroxicam drug. Piroxicam (PC) is one of the most potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents that also has anti-pyretic activity and has been used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the pain that is not related to a musculoskeletal system and traumatic contusions. The principal advantage of piroxicam is its long half-life, which permits the administration of a single daily dose. As the piroxicam is very effective drug, many researchers use this drug in their research. This research paper helps those people who want to use piroxicam drug for their research.

9 illus, 10 tables, 22 ref

000328   SURYAWANSHI Y C, MOKAT D N (Botany Dep, Savitribai Phule Pune Univ, Pune - 411 007, Email: parimalsai@gmail.com) : GCMS and elemental analysis of Madhuca longifolia var. Latifolia seeds. Int J Pharm Sci & Res 2019, 10(2), 786-9.

Madhuca longifolia var. latifolia belonging to the family Sapotaceae which was also known as Mahua and Butter tree. The present study was designed to identify the fatty acids present in oil and to analyze the elements present within the seed and seed cake. After extraction of oil, it was found that the seeds were high in oil content within the kernel. The oil percentage found in seed was highest recorded as 57.59 %. In GCMS analysis of oil, the oleic acid which is monounsaturated fatty acid (45.11 %) was recorded highest in amount compared to others. Elements within the seed and seed cake were analyzed using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy. Concentrations of seven elements such as Calcium (35.53 %), Carbon (33.56 %), Oxygen (22.46 %), Nitrogen (5.20 %), Phosphorus (2.18 %), Magnesium (0.23 %) and Sodium (0.04 %) had been determined in seed cake by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy. The present study provides information about the availability of some essential minerals and fatty acids, which can be used as nutraceuticals and it may also help in developing the biofuel for industrial purposes.

8 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref

000224   INDUMATHY V, ANBARASAN B, ANBU N, KANAKAVALLI K (Maruthuvam Dep, Government Siddha Medical Coll, Chennai - 600 106, Email: illavarasi.indu@gmail.com) : Standardization of Siddha polyherbal formulation Panchabakiya Chooranam through ICP-OES and FTIR techniques. Int J Pharm Sci & Res 2019, 10(2), 783-5.

Siddha system of medicine is a traditional medicinal system being followed mainly in South India. It is better known as one among the AYUSH medicinal system. The present study aims to standardize the Siddha poly-herbal formulation Panchabakiya chooranam (PBC), which is mentioned in the Siddha classical text Anuboga vaidya Brahma ragasyam indicated for stomach burn, burning sensation in anus and diarrhea. Accordingly, PBC was studied through Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometric analysis (ICP-OES) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques to identify the metals and functional groups present in it. Results showed that the sample contains elements such as Calcium, Iron, Sodium, Potassium, and Phosphorous. Among the detected elements Phosphorus was present in a maximum concentration, and iron was in lowest concentration. Moreover, the toxic metals namely, Mercury, Arsenic, Cadmium, Nickel, and Lead were in Below Detectable Level, which ensures that the drug is safe to consume. Besides, functional groups such as Alcohols, alkanes, amides are identified using IR spectrum.

2 illus, 3 tables, 5 ref

000307   SHAH S N H, JAVED H, NISAR M, NAWAZ A (Pharmaceutics Dep, Bahauddin Zakariya Univ, Multan, Pakistan, Email: j_hani2003@yahoo.com) : Design and in-vivo evaluation of topically applied chlorpheniramine maleate gels. Int J Pharm Sci & Res 2019, 10(2), 775-82.

This study was aimed at formulating topically applied Chlorpheniramine maleate gel (CPM gel). Combined effects of propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol as permeation enhancers were investigated using response surface methodology. The formulated gels were characterized for various formulation attributes including viscosity, homogeneity, pH, spreadability and accelerated stability studies (40 ± 0.5 °C / 75 % RH). Invitro studies were also conducted using silicone sheets and rat skin as model membranes. The permeation study revealed that an increase in the drug permeation across model membranes was due to an increasing concentration of enhancers. Based on formulation attributes and permeation parameters, FM6 was identified as optimized formulation. The drug release from optimized formulation followed the first order release kinetics. Draize’s skin irritation test was conducted on healthy human volunteers to elucidate the safety profile of the formulations. Pharmacokinetic profiling of optimized gel was also conducted, and finally, the optimized gel was subjected to antiallergenic challenge. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that topical application produced comparable results with the oral delivery and the optimized gel was excellent in the management of allergy in rabbits. This study showed that the optimized CPM gel (FM6) containing a combination of propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol as permeation enhancers would be beneficial for addressing topical allergies and should be further tested in more clinically relevant settings.

3 illus, 4 tables, 23 ref

000225   JADHAV P B, PARWE C D (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dep, S. N. D. Coll of Pharmacy, Nashik - 423 401, Email: prerana8487@rediffmail.com) : RP-HPLC method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of nebivolol and valsartan in bulk and dosage form. Int J Pharm Sci & Res 2019, 10(2), 756-62.

The several spectrophotometric and HPLC methods have been reported for determination of Nebivolol and Valsartan individually or in combination with other drugs in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Hence, in the present study, a new, sensitive, suitable and cost-effective Reversed-Phase HighPerformance Liquid Chromatography method was developed and validated for the determination of Nebivolol and Valsartan in bulk and tablet formulation. In RP-HPLC method, the analyte was resolved by using a gradient system, methanol and water OPA 0.1% (70:30 v/v) pH 3.5 was used as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 0.7 ml/min, on HPLC system containing UV- detector with Workstation Software and Greece C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm; 5μm). The detection was carried out at 274 nm. The retention time was found to be 5.0500 min and 9.7167 min for Nebivolol hydrochloride and Valsartan respectively. The method gave the good resolution and suitable retention time. The results of the analysis in the method were validated regarding accuracy, precision, specificity, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification and robustness. A simple and precise method was developed for the assay of Nebivolol and Valsartan from tablet formulation. The method does not require the use of expensive reagent and also less time consuming, it can be performed routinely in the industry for routine analysis of the marketed product of Nebivolol and Valsartan.

6 illus, 8 tables, 24 ref

000330   SWAMY N T, ROSAIAH G, BABU K, KUMAR K V (Botany and Microbiology Dep, Acharya Nagarjuna Univ Nagarjunanagar, Guntur - 522 510, Email: gorrepati_r@yahoo.co.in) : A study on phytochemical composition, GC-MS analysis and antimicrobial potential of methanolic leaf extract of Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. Int J Pharm Sci & Res 2019, 10(2), 747-55.

The present study was carried out to assess the various phytochemical composition, GC-MS analysis, and antimicrobial potential of methanolic leaf extract of Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. by using different solvents. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, quinines, saponins, tannins, steroids and terpenoids. Susceptibility testing by Agar well diffusion assay showed significant antimicrobial activity with ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of leaves against bacterial strains such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruiginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and fungal strain Candida albicans. The methanolic leaf extract exhibited better antimicrobial activity than ethyl acetate extract. The UV-Vis, FTIR, and GC-MS have been employed to characterize the bioactive compounds present in methanolic leaf extract of Alstonia scholaris. The crude extract was scanned in the wavelength ranging from 200-900 nm by using Perkin Elmer Spectrophotometer, and the characteristic peaks were detected. The FTIR spectrum confirmed the presence of alcohol, alkanes, amides, alkyl aldehydes, halogen, and aromatic compounds. The results of the GC-MS analysis provide different peaks determining the presence of 9 phytochemical compounds with different therapeutic activities. The major phyto constituents were oxime-methoxy-phenyl, 2-methoxy 4-vinyl phenol, 2(4H)- Benzofuranone 5, 6, 7, 7a-tetrahydro-4, 4, 7a trimethyl, (-)-Loliolide, Neophytadiene, Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, Phytol, 4, 8, 12, 16- Tetramethylheptadecan-4-olide, and Squalene.

4 illus, 5 tables, 40 ref

000254   MARUTHI R, CHANDAN R S, TENGLI A K (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dep, JSS Coll of Pharmacy, Mysuru - 570 015, Email: maruthireddy666@gmail.com) : Method development, validation and stability indicating assay for teneligliptin hydrobromide by RP-UFLC. Int J Pharm Sci & Res 2019, 10(2), 728-35.

The study aimed to develop a specific, exact, selective, precise and accurate Reversed Phase Stability Indicating Ultra-fast Liquid Chromatography (RP-UFLC) strategy is created and validated for Teneligliptin hydrobromide in the pure and marketed formulation. The method showed an adequate separation for Teneligliptin hydrobromide from their degradation products. The chromatographic separation was accomplished on Phenomenex Kinetex C18 (250 × 4.6 mm) with the mobile phase of methanol, acetonitrile, and potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (40:20:40 v/v/v). The pH is changed by 4.6 using orthophosphoric acid. The run time was 10 min and the retention time of drug is 3.3 min. The detection is carried out at 246 nm using photodiode array detector (PDA) and ultraviolet (UV) with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The drug product is exposed to acid and base stress, photolytic stress, Thermal stress, oxidative stress, and hydrolytic stress conditions, and the stressed samples were analyzed by the proposed method. The linearity of the proposed strategy is researched in the range of 2-10 µg/mL (r² = 0.9915). The present method was validated concerning system suitability, accuracy (recovery) precision, linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) and robustness according to the ICH Guidelines.

14 illus, 8 tables, 10 ref