010663   Ramadass G;Ramaprasada Rao I B;Srinivasulu N; Himabindu D (NO, Centre of Exploration Geophysics, Osmania University, ) : Density study in the Dharwar craton along the Jadcharla-Goa subtransect. J Geol Soc India 2003, 61(4), 439-48.

The Dharwar craton constitutes part of one of the most significant Precambrian shields in the world. Different episodes of deformation undergone by the craton make it difficult to decipher its complex geology. Density studies were conducted along the Jadcharla-Goa subtransect (820 samples), which cuts across the northern part of the craton to understand the geological nature of the region as well as provide a sound base for gravity surveys. Modal densities of 2.65 gm/cc, 2.92 gm/cc and 2.57 gm/cc were obtained for the three major constituents in the region-peninsular gneisses, schists and Closepet granites, respectively. Application of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test on samples form the western and eastern Dharwars along the transect as a whole, as well as from Gadag (Western Dharwars) and makthal (eastern Dharwars) areas indicated that they differed in density values, suggesting they belonged to different population distributions. This, in the light of recent contrary studies, lends support to the concept of division of the Dharwar craton into two groups.

5 Illus, 1 Tables, 27 Ref

010662   Rajendran C P;Rajendran K;Vora K H;Gaur A S (NO, Centre for Earth Sci Studies, Akkulam, Thiruvananthapuram 695 031) : The Odds of a seismic source near Dwarka, NW Gujarat: An evaluation based on proxies. Curr Sci 2003, 84(5), 695-701.

The Kachchh-Saurashtra region is part of an old rift basin, featuring a number of linear structures, some of them holding potential for occasional M <62> 7 earthquakes. A challenging question is to indentify probable sources of large earthquakes in this region. Recognizing earthquake-generated structures preserved within the geological formations is an effective method to constrain the seismic sources in space and time. During the recent excavations at Bet Dwarka, in the Gulf of Kachchh, a seismically generated sand blow that has disrupted an ancient cultural horizon. The age data suggest that the causative earthquake may be occurred about 2000 years ago. While the source of the said earthquake remains to be constrained, its timing seems to be singular; our studies elsewhere in Kachchh have not disclosed any feature of comparable age, as yet. This find opens the possibility for another surprise source, adding a new dimension to the seismic hazard of this region.

6 Illus, 1 Table, 27 Ref

010661   Prasad C;Naithani A K (Dep of Geol, Post Box No. 86, H.N.B. Garhwal Univ, Srinagar(Garhwal)-246 174) : Glacier morphometry: A case study of Gangotri group of glaciers, Garhwal Himalaya, India. J Geol Soc India 2003, 61(3), 325-34.

The glaciers especially in the Himalaya, are believed to be gradually receding. The present geomorphological investigation confirms the continued overall recession of Gangotri glacier in the last hundred years. Gangotri group of glaciers comprise the main trunk glacier, and its major tributaries, Chaturangi, Kirti etc. along with other minor tributaries,as well as the associated glaciers, like Raktavarna, Meru and Bhrigupanth etc. Various glacier morphometric parameters were calculated based on field observations and aided by a detailed study of the topographic maps and satellite imageries.Observed parameters are mainly, length, width and area of glaciers, along with snout altitude, width of the snout etc. On the basis of these primary parameters, some secondary parameters like, relief ratio, elongation quotient and snout index were calculated and statistically analysed. The results shows that the main trunk glacier is retreating, almost all the tributary glaciers are advancing or retreating at a slower rate in comparision to the trunk glacier, but the associated Bhrigupanth tributaryis practically static. An attempt is being made to present a model for a retreating group of glaciers.

8 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

010660   Pradeep Kumar T B;Jadhav G N (Dep of Earth Sci, Indian Inst of Technol, Powai) : Pyrrhotite inclusions in sphalerite. Curr Sci 2003, 84(4), 501-3.

1 Illus, 1 Table

010659   Phadke A V (NO, , Flat No.108, Devdattakripa, Co-Op.Hsg.Society, Navasahyadri, Pune-411 052) : Physical volcanic features in the deccan volcanic province. J Geol Soc India 2003, 61(3), 366-8.

Sc, 13 Ref

010658   Paul A;Pant P D (Geology Dep, Kumaun University, Nainital-263 002) : Seismic hazard estimation in northeastern Kumaun himalayas. J Geol Soc India 2003, 61(4), 477-82.

Presents the estimated peak ground accelerations (PGA) at some selected sites in the north-eastern Kumaun region of the Himalayas in India. The fidelity of calculating ground acceleration is demonstrated by wavefrom modelling of the observed accelerograms of the October 20, 1991 Uttarkashi earthquake. Seismic hazard estimation becomes a useful exercise as some of the locations are proposed dam sited.

^ssc3 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

010657   Parthasarathy G;Sharma S R;Arora A K;Hussain S M (NO, National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad-500 007) : Structural and Thermal Studies of Graphite from East Antarctica. J Geol Soc India 2003, 61(3), 335-43.

Powder X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis and Laser-Raman spectroscopic data on the graphite from Schirmacher Oasis(70°45' S, 11°40'E), east Antarctica have been reported. The sample was collected from Precambrian garnet-biotite gnesis. X-ray studies show the structural parameters like inter-planar spacing, d₀₀₂(3.3500 Angstrom), and crystallite size, L_c(552 Angstrom) of the sample. These values are found to be very close to that of well-crystallized graphite. All the five observed X-ray diffraction peaks have been indexed to the hexagonal phase of graphite, indicating the metamorphic origin of graphite. The observed full width at half maxima (FWHM) of the (002peak is 0.148 Angstrom and the estimated graphitizing degree (GD=131 Angstrom) showed the high-grade metamorphism of the host rock. The estimated peak metamorphic temperature is found to be ~ 973 K (700°C). DTA studies on the same graphite sample show a strong exothermic peak at 1023 K, which corresponds, to the combution of carbonaceous matter under atmospheric condition. The absence of extra weak peak in the range 1090-1110 K, indicates the absence of any noticable derital graphite in the sample. The first order Laser - Raman spectra of the sample shows a strong well-ordered Raman peak (O) at 1581 cm^-1 and a weak broad peak due to disorder (D) at 1354cm^-1. The intensity ration disordered-to-ordered Raman peak (D/O) area has been used to estimate the in-plan crystallite size (La) of the graphite. The experimental values of D/O = 0.143 and D/D+O=0.125 indicate that sample is well crystallized graphite, thereby indicating the high metamorphic grade of the host rocks. The structural paramenters obtained by Raman spectroscopic method and the estimated in-plane crystallite size (La = 298 Angstrom) indixate that the metamorphic grade of the host rock of the studied sample falls in the sillimanite zone. Study suggests that the peak metamorphic temperature of the host rock could be in the temperature range of about 973 K (700°C).

7 illus, 1 table, 37 ref

010656   Parkash S;Awasthi A K;Virdi N S (NO, Wadia institute of himalayan geology, 33, G.M.S.Road, Dehra dun-248001) : Stability assessment of rock slopes using modified SMR technique and kinematic analysis along SH-53 between Dunda and Uttarkashi, Uttaranchal. J Geol Soc India 2003, 61(5), 595-606.

The stability of rock slopes along the highways is a major concern to the road maintenance agency as well as for the safety of those plying on these roads. Any kind of slope failure may lead to disruption in traffic, socio-economic activities, loss of property, injuries or sometimes even deaths of humans and/or livestock, and environmental degradation. Therefore, an assessment of the stability conditions along these highways is quite important. Though several techniques of slopes stability analysis viz.boundary element method, finite element method, finite difference method, discriminant analysis etc.are available, yet the slopes mass rating (SMR) technique has been found to be quite useful due to the ease with which it can be practiced, and its effectiveness in interpreting stability and recommending control measures. The technique is based on the well established rock mass rating (RMR) technique. The rock mass rating technique has been used earlier in many mining and engineering projects related to tunnles and underground structures. SMR technique is a field based study which involves collection of data on rock types, their strength, quality, condition of discontinuities, spacing of discontinuities, orientation of discontinuities, ground water conditions and method of slopes excavation etc. Eight sites, selected on the basis of good exposures of the rock outcrops and the sloped that have been blasted or mechanically disturbed during road construction or at some later stage, were studied and analysed for their potential degree of stability using SMR approach. However, the type of probable failure and the direction of movement have been assessed on the basis of kinematic analysis.

2 Illus, 8 Tables, 18 Ref

010655   Murthy M V R;Shukla V K;Sangita S;Negi B S (Environmental Assesment Division Dep, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400 085) : Uranium and thorium activity concentrations in various grades of Ilmenite sand samples. Indian J envir Prot 2002, 22(4), 422-5.

Measurement of ²³⁸U and ²³²Th concentration in ilmenite samples have been reported. Ilmenite is a major source of raw material for the production of titanium dioxide (TiO²) extensively used in paint industry. Ilmenite is associated with monazite sand which is found in high natural radiation background beaches of southern India. Levels of ²³⁸U and ²³²Th have been found to be ranging between 30 to 185 Bq/kg and 113 to 728 Bq/kg, respectively in the Ilmenite samples obtained from various stages of processing. The mean activity concentration of ²³⁸U and ²³²Th in the monazite sand were 264 Bq/kg. and 1184 Bq/kg, respectively. A comparison of the activity levels of these radionuclides in ilmenite samples obtained from different stages of processing were found to decrease from 70 to 10% as compared to monazite bearing snad.

2 illus, 1 tables, 8 ref

010654   Murkute Y A (Postgruduate Dep Geology Dep, Nagpur University, Law College Square, Nagpur-440 001) : Sedimetological attributes of sandstones from Talchir formation, Chimur area, Chandrapur district, Maharashtra. J Geol Soc India 2003, 61(4), 470-6.

Sandstones form the Talchir Formation around Chimur area are well exposed in a trough sub-parallel to main Pranhita-Wardha Valley (PWV) and Wardha Valley Gondwana Basin (WVGB). These sandstones are poorly sorted, show wide lateral continuity with horizontal laminations as well as scour and fill structure. Glacial depositional environment and interior craton type of continental block provenance are suggested for Talchir Sandstones.

^ssc3 illus, 4 tables, 22 ref

010653   Mohapatra B K;Nayak B (NO, Regional Research Laboratory, Bhubaneswar-751 013) : Mn-olivine from Gangpur group of rocks, Orissa. J Geol Soc India 2003, 61(5), 581-7.

Mn-olivine (tephroite) bearing assemblage is often recorded in manganese silicate-carbonate-oxide rocks metamorphosed to green schist facies condition in precambrian Gangpur Group, Orissa, Divalent Mn and Fe dominate this assemblage with most phases having high Mn/Fe ratios. Minerals in the assemblage include near end - member tephroite (Tp_90.33-90.95Fa_4.76-8.40Fo_0.55-4.71), rhodochrosite, pyroxmangite, jacobsite, spessartine dominted garnet with minor quartz, apatite and barite. Tephroite is sometimes altered to either Mn-rich minnesotaite or to a sepiolite related mineral that resembles serpentine in Mg-olivine rocks.

3 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

010652   Mishra B N;Sahu K C (Marine Sciences Dep, Berhampur University, Berhampur-760 007) : Coastal wetland mapping around a tropical estuary by remote sensing technique. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2003, 2(1), 73-9.

Costal wetlands have received greater significance due to their benefical nature to the mankind. In the present study an attempt has been made to map the wetlands of Rushikulya estuary (Bay of Bengal) and its adjoining coastal areas by using remote sensing technique. The data set used in the present study are IRS-1 C LISS-III of February 1997 and Survey of India toposheets. The wetland classification system developed by Space Application Centre, Ahmedabad was followed and accordingly five classes in level 1 and 15 classes in level II and II were idendified. The major categories of the wetlands as interpreted from the satellite data are non-vegetated wetlands (beach, spit and mouth bars), plantations, water bodies and channels, and flood plains. Other wetland categories include salt pans and aquaculture ponds, which have impact on the coastal environment.

2 illus, 1 tables, 17 ref

010651   Mishra B (Geology & Geophysics Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721 302) : Applications of stable isotopes in ore geology. Indian J Geochem 2002, 17, 25-46.

Applications of stable isotopes (of O, H, S and C) to various ore genetic problems, pertinent to hydrothermal ore deposits are reviewed. These include sources of ore forming constituents such as water (meteoric geothermal, formational, metamorphic and classical magmatic), sulfur, carbon and phyico-chemical conditions (P, T, composition, fO2, pH, CO2/CH4 ratio) of ore formation. Waters, derived by diverse geological processes are characterized by their broad δ¹⁸ O-δD ranges, albeit overlapping at times. Various pathways for transformation of seawater sulfate and the dependence of ∑SO4^2-/∑H2S in the hydrothermal fluid on temperature are discussed. The significance of isotope thermometry, when pursued in conjunction with fluid inclusion studies is emphasized, along with calculation of isotopic make-up of pertinent fluid species (δ¹⁸ O of H2O and δ³⁴S of H2S). Theoretical rationale behind estimation of W/R ratio in geological end member closed and open systems along with their limitations and applications are also briefly reviewed.

8 illus, 37 ref

010650   Mathur S C;Sudhir Kumar (Dep of Geology, JNV University, Jodhpur-342 006, Rajasthan) : Sedimentation in barmer basin, Rajasthan. J Geol Soc India 2003, 61(3), 368-9.

Sc, 1 Illus, 8 Ref

010649   Masood Ahmad S (NO, National Geophysical Research Institute, Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500 007) : Use of carbon and oxygen isotopes in paleoceanography and paleoclimatology. Indian J Geochem 2002, 17, 1-11.

Oxygen isotopes of foraminifera mainly represent the changes in ¹⁸ O/¹⁶O ratio of seawater associated with the waxing and waning of the polar continental ice, the other part is due to the changes in temperature or salinity. Carbon isotopes of surface dwelling planktonic foraminifera are indicators of productivity and nutrient concentrations, whereas for deep waters. The longer the time since the last exchange with atmospheric CO2 the more negative is the isotopic ratio of the total dissolved carbon, and of the carbonate foraminifera deposited. Stable isotopes in ocean sediments vary considerably as a consequence of local climate change and their interpretation require careful considerations of other paleoclimatic indicators. The δ¹³ and δ¹⁸O values of carbonate rocks are utilized to study the carbon and oxygen budget since the Precambrian time. Stable isotopic compositions of Proterozoic carbonates are useful in determining the boundry events and to investigate paleo-environments of their formation. They are also extremely important in understanding the process of dolomitization of limestones.

1 Illus, 42 ref

010648   Leelanandam C (Geology Dep, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500 007) : Extremely iron-rich olivines from ferrosyenites of the Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh with petrogenetic comments. J Geol Soc India 2003, 61(5), 607-11.

4 illus, 1 tables, 19 ref

010647   Kumar b;Prasad N K;Singh R N;Sarkar A K (Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Dep, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi-834 006) : Status of available Co, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe in some soils of plateau of Jharkhand. Agropedology 2002, 12(1), 50-6.

Two hundred fifteen surface soil samples representing four major soil series of Jharkhand Plateau were studied for available Co,Zn,Cu,Mn and Fe status. In general, the availability of these micronutrients was high in soils of Karaya series and low in Bandhi series. All the soils were sufficient in Cu but 9.2 to 40.0, 1.5 to 22.0, 2.0 to 56.0 and 6.0 to 12.0 per cent of soils were dificient in Zn, Mn, Fe and Co, respectively. The availability of these micronutrients were significantly and positively correlated among themselves. Zn, Mn, Fe and Co were negatively correlated with pH as well as with sand content. These nutreints were positively correlated with organic carbon, silt and clay content of respective soils. However, availability of Co and Mn did not have any relation with organic carbon and clay. Hence, it appeared that soils of Jharkhand platenu with low values of pH and organic carbon are sufficient in supply of available reserve of micronutrients even without their external application under low cropping intensity conditions.

3 tables, 16 ref

010646   Khan M A;Sharma M (NO, Central Arid Zone Research Institute, ) : Estimation of groundwater potential in Indian arid environment using isopach mapping technique. J Geol Soc India 2003, 61(4), 403-10.

An approach for estimating groundwater potential in Luni block of Jodhpur district by isopach maps that were prepared based on electrical resistivity method are highlighted. Groundwater potential and quality of different aquifers are estimated based on the depth to bed rock, thickness of saturated zone and aquifer resistivity drop ratio. The total groundwater potential of suitable quality is estimated to be around 49 mcm. The isopach maps prepared based on electrical resistivity survey to estimate the thickness of saturated zone are found fairly compatible with the ground conditions

8 illus, 3 tables, 7 ref

010645   Kar R;Srivastava S C (NO, Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, 53 University Road, Lucknow-226007) : Palynological delimitation of the coal bearing lower Gondwana sediments in the southern part of Tatapani-ramkola coalfield, Chattisgarh, India. J Geol Soc India 2003, 61(5), 557-64.

Coal and carbonaceous shale samples from bore-hole TRSS-1, located in the southern part of Tatapani-Ramkola Coalfield have been palynologically analysed. Surface sediments exposed in the vicinity of the bore-hole, along Suknaiya nala, were also examined to ascertain their stratigraphic position vis-a-vis bore-hole sediments. On the basis of quantitative dominance, three assemblage zones have been distinguished, which in ascending order are: Parasaccites-callumispora palynoassemblage zone, Scheuringipollenites maximus palynoassemblage zone and Faunipollenites-Scheuringipollenites palynoassemblage zone. The first two assemblage zone have been demarcated in bore-hole TRSS-1 and represent Upper Karharbari and Lower Barakar palynozones respectively. The third assemblage zone has been recorded in Suknaiya nala and represents Upper Barakar Palynozone.

5 illus, 1 table, 34 ref

010644   Kale M G;Soman G R (Department of Geology, Univ of Pune, Pune-411 007) : Faceted garnets from middle part of barakar formation Ghugus area, pranhita-Godavari basin, Maharashtra. J Geol Soc India 2003, 61(3), 344-6.

The sandstones and siltstones of coal bearing middle part Barakar Formation from Ghugus area of Pranhita-Godavari basin contains uniquely etched garnets characterized by smooth, hummocky, mamillary facets, as well as regularly patterned, sharply faceted grain surfaces. These facets are positive features that more or less confirm with cubic and octahedral crystallographic planes of garnet structure, developed on small grains devoid of overgrowth. The lower and upper parts of this Formation on the contrary contain unetched garnets. The facets on the garnet have been attributed to etching by dicarboxylic acid, generated during the maturation of organic matter related with the burial diagenesis of the Barakar sediments.

^ssc2 illus, 7 ref

010643   Hassan H S;Ghosh A K (Dep of Geo, Univ of Gryounis, Benghazi, Libya) : Early oligocene non-geniculate coralline algal assemblage from Al Bayda formation, Northeast Libya. Curr Sci 2003, 84(4), 582-7.

In northeast Libya the Al Bayda Formation of early Oligocene sequence is divisible into two members. The lower member, i.e. the Shahat Mari Member is charaterized by the occurrence of foraminifer, ostracodes and echinoids. The upper Algal Limestone Member also contains foraminifera, bryozoa and few ostracodes. A rich assemblage of non-geniculate corralines algae has been recovered from the Algal Limestone Member is represented by species of Sporolithon Heydrich, Neogniolithon Sectechll and Mason and Lithonthamnion Heydrich. Some forms are tentatively assigned to the genera Mesophyllum and Lithophyllum. At places some genera of coralline algae, viz. Sporolithon and Lithophyllum form rhodolith structures and their branches accumulate as thick pile of sediments. On the basis of coralline algal assemblage and associated faunal remains, palaeoenvironmental significance has been interpreted here.

3 illus, 34 ref

010642   Harish V;Prakash Narasimha K N;Basavarajappa (Department of Studies in Geology, , ) : Petrography and fluid inclusion studies on late proterozoic Palnad siliciclastics, Kurnool group, Andhra Pradesh. J Geol Soc India 2003, 61(5), 612-18.

^ssc5 illus, 2 tables, 32 ref

010641   Das M;Gupta A K;Singh R K;Bhaumik A K (Geology & Geoophysics Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721 302) : Significance of stable isotopes in paleoclimatology and paleoceanography. Indian J Geochem 2002, 17, 13-23.

Reviews the use of stable oxygen and carbon isotopes in paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic reconstructions using microfossil samples. The isotope ratios in planktic and benthic foraminifera shells have proved to be pivotal to understand the Cenozoic history of different ocean basins and contemporary changes on land. The isotope ratios have provided clues to both short-term and long term changes in the ocean basins. The most significant contributions to paleoceanography in recent times include documentation of oxygen isotopes shifts in the middle Miocene and late Pliocene and carbon isotope shifts in the early and late Miocene intervals. While the oxygen isotope shifts have helped understand the history of ice volume in southern and northern hemispheres, carbon isotope ratios have provided useful information about the change in carbon reservior of different ocean basins. Although new techniques and proxies to understand past changes in the ocean basins have been developed in several recent studies, stable isotope ratios continue to be an important aspect of paleo studies.

^ssc3 illus, 22 ref

010640   Das Gupta A B (NO, , DB6, Salt Lake City Kolkata-700 064) : Geology of petroleum: A simplified account. J Geol Soc India 2003, 61(3), (NULL).

^iia6 illus, 16 ref

010639   Chaulay S K (Central Mining Research Institute I, , Barwa Road, Dhanbad-826 001) : Hydrogeological study for a limestone mine. Indian J envir Prot 2002, 22(4), 409-21.

Deals with a water resource accounting aspects for Walayar limestone mine. The open pit mine lacated in Walayar watershed. Water quality of the pit water was found to have slightly high coliform content and facially contaminated. Therefore, the pit water should be properly treated, if this water is to be used for drinking purpose. The maximum requirement of water for various purpose in the mining area is estimated to be around 55000 L per day. The water demand is met by tapping ground water resources. With the implementation of the effective control measures, the mine would be deepened, without creating significant impact on water resource of the region.

4 illus, 5 tables, 41 ref

010638   Chakraborty P P;Mukhopadhyay B (Applied Geology Dep, , ) : Soft-sediment deformation as possible clue for sedimentation rate: a case study from oligocene Andaman flysch group Andaman Islands, India. J Geol Soc India 2003, 61(4), 411-18.

Two section of Oligocene Andaman Flysch fan that belong to two different facies association viz.inner fan and mid fan lobe are studied for their soft -sediment deformation (SSD)features. Seismic origin is proposed for these features in view of their lateral persistency and stratigraphic selectivity. Detailed field measurements of these turbidite sections at Corbyn's Cove, South Andaman (139.7 m thick) recorded 28 and 18 nos.of SSD layers respectively. These layers were compared with historical earthquake records of last 86 years (i.e 1914 to 2000) around the studied sections and quantitatively assessed for long-term sedimentation rate and estimation of environment-specific sedimentation rate, if any. Active delta shedding from growing orogenic fornt of Himalayas is believed to be responsible for high sedimentation rate (21.7 m/1000 yr at Cove and 5.8 m/1000yr at Kalipur) recorded from this fan system. The observed differnce in sedimentation rate between the two studied sections is interpreted to be paleogeography driven.

3 illus, 37 ref

010637   Banerjee P.;Satyaprakash (NO, Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, 33 General Mahadeo Singh Road, Dehradun) : Crustal configuration in northwestern Himalaya from gravity measurements along Kiratpur-Leh-panamik transect. J Geol Soc India 2003, 61(5), 529-39.

Detailed gravity measurement were carried out along Kiratpur-Manali-Leh-panamik transect. Starting from the foreland basin in the south, this 550 km long transect cuts across the entire section of the NW Himalaya, and reaches the southern foothills of the Karakorum range, in Ladakhh. With GPS aided positioning, and exhaustive terrain correction applied using a digital elevation model, the data presented here are the most accurate and detailed gravity data ever published from the Himalaya. A broad regional isostatic gravity high aligned along the central axis of the Himalayan are suggests domal upwarping of the converging Indian crust under the compression of collision. A series of prominent gravity highs over the Indus Tsangpo Suture Zone and over the Ladakh batholith, are indicative of the presence of ultrabasic rocks which are not otherwise exposed at the surface. A sharp decline of Bouguer gravity associated with a 4m drop of geoid undulation, 50 km north of Indus river near Leh confirms the presence of a low-density layer at around 20 km depth, which might have originated due to partial melting of the underlying continental crust.

6 illus, 22 ref

010636   Bandyopadhyay L K;Chaulya S K (Central Mining Research Institute I, , Barwa Road, Dhanbad-826 001) : Application of sodar for atmospheric study. Indian J envir Prot 2002, 22(3), 284-96.

Summerises the principle of the acoustic sounding systems, their application in the field of environmental monitoring and air pollution modelling, and finally interpretation output data for various studies of atmosphric boundary layer. The field measurements carried out over Dhanbad region is also incorporated for better understanding of the application and data analysis of the acoustic sounding system. The sodar data has been calibrated with respect to corresponding data measured by weather monitoring station.

6 illus, 4 tables, 61 ref

010635   Balaram V (NO, National Geophysical Research Institute, Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500 007) : Quality assurance and control in geochemical analyses.. Indian J Geochem 2002, 17, 143-50.

Present scientific and technological challenges, both in basic and applied earth science study rely heavily on the fundamental support lent by the science of measurement in general and analytical geochemistry in particular. For a thorough exploitation of this discipline, both external checks such as, use of certified reference materials, proficiency tests and accreditation, and internal checks such as, use of blanks, duplicates, recovery tests, control sample and control charts are a prerequisite in addition to the utilization of the state-of-the-art analytical and sample preparation techniques. Describes usefulness of such international proficiency test trials, collaborative studies and accreditation processes in general in obtaining highly precise and accurate geochemical data. Data quality requirements for basic and applied geochemical studies are also presented. In addition, results of the second International Proficiency Test (GeolPT2) in which the national Geophysical Research Institute participated, are presented.

1 illus, 3 tables, 4 ref

010634   Ambraseys N;Jackson D (Dep of Civil Engng, Imperial Coll of Sci, Technol and Med, London SW7 2BU) : Earthquakes in northern India and southern Tibet. Curr Sci 2003, 84(4), 570-82.

The scientific contribution in this communication is threefold: the presentation of new evidence or early, pre-19th century large earthquakes in the Himalaya, the preliminary interpretation of data that have been identified up to now and that currently no forecast for the timing and magnitude of future large events is possible.

6 illus, 65 ref

023994   Thakur V C;Pandey A K;Nautiyal C M;Sundriyal Y P;Khanduri B M;Shinde D P;Suresh N;Singhvi A K (NO, Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun-248 001, Email: thakurvc@wihg.res.in) : Geo-archeology at Khajnawar in western Uttar Pradesh plain. Curr Sci 2010, 98(8), 1112-19.

Khajnawar village in Saharanpur district of western Utter Pradesh is inhabited over the remains of an ancient archeological settlement. Field observations and archaeological investigation reveal two periods of settlement: settlement I with grey ware and iron objects and settlement II with painted red ware. Radiocarbon and optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating indicate 2600a-1400a age for settlement I and 850a-350a for settlement II. A hiatus of ~550a between the two settlements may have been caused either by an earthquake or climate change. A south-facing and NW-SE trending scarp on the southern end of the Khajnawar has been interpreted as a tectonic scarp that is a continuation of the Piedmont Fault with right-step. The scarp should have formed due to an earlier earthquake that may have caused the hiatus. Climate change can be another possibility for the hiatus, because periods of settlement and occupation seem to coincide with drier and wetter conditions recorded in the subcontinent. Collapsed and tilted walls with brick rubble and infilling by sands in the settlement II layers was probably caused by a later earthquake post-dating 350a (OSL age), suggesting that this most likely corresponds to the large M_w<62> 7 1803 earthquake of Garhwal Himalaya.

8 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

023993   Sudarshan Prasad;Kumar R R;Sharma H C (Irrigation & Drainage Dep, Engineering College of Agricultural Engineering, Rajendra Agricultural, Pusa) : Probability analysis of annual maximum daily rainfall of Sahjahanpur district, Uttar Pradesh. Envir Ecol 2010, 28(2), 962-4.

The daily rainfal1 data of 16 years (1990 to 2005) for district Sahjllhanpur, UP were col1ected and analysized for its spatial and temporal variation. The mean annual maximum daily rainfal1 of Sathar, Tilhar and Jalalabad tehsils were found to be 111.79, 62.03 and 78.39 mm, respectively. Results showed the. higher variation in RAM in Sathar tehsil (39.6937) whereas the lower variation in Jalalabad tehsil (20.75 37) of the district. It was attempted to fit various frequency distributions such as Gumbel (GM), Log Pearson Type-III (LP-3) and Log normal (LN) distributions for predication of rainfal1 magnitude for the return periods of 1.06, 1.11, 1.25, 1.33, 2, 4, 10, 20 and 50 years. On the basis of Chi-square test, a goodness of fit test was used to select most suitable probability distribution in accordance with observed data. It was found that LP-3 and LN are the best suitable probabilistic models for Sathar and Jalalabad, and Tilhar tehsils, respectively in district.

^ssc2 tables, 9 ref

023992   Sivaprakasam S;Kanakasabai V (Civil Engineering Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar-608 002, Email: vkhdce@yahoo.com) : Traditional almanac predicted rainfall-a case study. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2009, 8(4), 621-5.

Rainfall occurring over a place is very important from water resources planning and management point of view. The prediction of rainfall further helps in planning the activities of agriculturists, builders, water supply engineers, and others. At present the Meteorology Department is informing only short term forecasting about weather but long term forecasting is needed for planning. This can be achieved by two methods, namely traditional forecasting and scientific weather forecasting. Traditional forecasting is based on observations and experience using combinations of plants, animals, insects, meteorological and astronomical indicators, and almanacs or panchangs over a period of time. The scientific weather forecasting is based on past records of climate prevailed in the area using mathematical models. During the study, the rainfall prediction by one of the traditional almanac or panchang is studied in depth by considering the actual rainfall occurred over Tamil Nadu for one cycle of 60 Tamil years corresponding to the Christian era from 1936-1995. Graphs showing the trends of prediction and actual were drawn, which indicated the same pattern in both.

6 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

023991   Mhaske A R;Dalvi V B;Khadse V A (NO, Soil & Water Management, College of Ariculture, Nagpur) : Prediction of precipitation by development of growth model for Akola district. J Soil Crop 2010, 20(2), 318-23.

Western Vidarbha Zone include the Akola District where 85 per cent land is rainfed and completely dependent on Vagaries of mansoon. Therefore, it is necessary to know about the behavior of rainfall. For this, study of prediction of precipitation is undertaken for Akola station. Daily point rainfall data for the period of 30 years (1970 to 2000) was collected for Akola station (Maharashtra) and used for probability analysis following the Weibull's method. The constants of logistic model were developed a = 0.0011,0.0020 and 0.0038, b= 0.0694,0.1859 and 0.5023 and c= 0.4832, 0.5517 and 0.9407 at 25,50 and 75 per cent respectively. The analysis has shown the weekly cumulative precipitation 1081.70, 582.61 and 309.46 mm at 25, 50 and 75 per cent probability levels respectively and predicted weekly cumulative precipitation on the same probability levels were found 848.65,487.82 and 261.62 mm respectively. Thus logistic model was developed and tested for subsequent five years for (2001 to 2005) which gave the satisfactory prediction at these probability level when compared with actual dada. Therefore, this model can be used for rainfall prediction which will be definitely useful for strategic crop planning.

2 illus, 5 tables, 8 ref

023990   Khare N;Mazumder A;Govil P (NO, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Block No. 12, CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003, Email: nkhare45@gmail.com) : Abundance and coiling direction in planktic species Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (ehrenberg) as indicators of hydrological conditions: evidence from N-S transect of Indian Ocean. Curr Sci 2010, 98(8), 1108-12.

A total of 25 surface sediment samples collected along a North-South transect (from 9.69°N to 80°E and 55.01°S to 40°E) in south western Indian Ocean have been used to study recent planktic foraminifera revealing the ecological preferences of the planktic foraminifer species in the area, particularly the coiling direction patterns in the planktic species Neoglobo-quadrina pachyderma (Ehrenberg). The coiling direction and their absolute abundance can be shown to be related to ambient temperature and salinity values. Dextrally coiled forms decrease towards higher latitude, while sinistrally coiled forms increase. Similar studies should be undertaken along various transects to further establish the extent of environmental control on coiling direction in planktic foraminifera.

4 illus, 24 ref

023989   Deshpande A P;Thakre U A (NO, Amolakchand Mahavidhyalaya, Yavatmal, Maharashtra-445 001) : Ultrasonic study of soil. J Soil Crop 2010, 20(2), 253-5.

The ultrasonic velocity of the soil was measured in the year 2006 and correlated with the soil physical and chemical properties like electrical conductivity (EC) and pH. The dissolved soil constituents decide the ultrasonic velocity of the soil as well as the physico-chemical properties. Relationship between ultrasonic velocity and EC and ultrasonic velocity and pH suggest that the soil system is a dynamic system and that there is continuous molecular association as well as dissociation.

2 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

023988   Choowong M (Geology Dep, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn Univ, Bangkok 10330, Thailand, Email: monkeng@hotmail.com ) : Forewarning of M 7.6 earthquake at Andaman islands: where next?. Curr Sci 2010, 98(8), 1013-14.

2 illus, 12 ref

009582   Tiwari R N;Dubey D P (Geology Dep, Govt Model Science (Autonomous) College, Rewa-486 001) : Geochemistry and depositional environment of the Bhander limestone of Rewa area, Madhya Pradesh, India. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2003, 7(1), 147-50.

The carbonate rocks are raw materials indispensable to industrial development. The various uses of limestone depend on their physical and/or chemical properties. For this purpose, a few samples were geochemically analysed. The geochemical analysis of the Bhander Limestone of the area indicates that they are very usefull for metallurgical and cement manufacturing purpose. The MnO and SiO₂ concentration favours the anaerobic environmental condition of depositition of limestone. The Na₂O percentage indicates an environment less saline than the normal sea water. The concentration of MgO. P₂O₅, Al₂O₃ and various other elements throws light on the depositional condition of the region.

1 table, 12 ref

009581   Singh R K;Dwivedi B S (Extension Education and Rural Sociology Dep, Central Agricultual University, Pasighat - 791 102) : An investigation into the indigenous knowledge for rainfall prediction. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2003, 2(2), 181-8.

Man is the prime predictor of weather. In India, Panchang as a religious documentary source of information has played an important and significant role in weather predictions for a long time. An attempt has been made to determine the level of correct prediction regarding rainfall (rainy days) predicted by Panchang and to compare the predicted data regarding rainy days for 13 years (1986-99) with the actual rainfall (rainy days) recorded by the Department of Agriculture. The study area was eastern part of Azamgarh district of Uttar Pradesh. It is found that absolute (100%) correct predictions had been made in 13 cases (months) during this period. The level of correctness of the predictions of rainydays made by Pancchang was 16.67 to 100 per cent month wise, 66.20 to 96.88 per cent year wise and 82.10 per cent as overall mean of 13 years, respectively. Out of all these years, in 79 cases Panchang overestimated the rainfall (rainy days), and in 18 cases Panchang underestimated the rainfall (rainy days). Analyses of deviation from correct predictions showed that there was zero or no deviation (absolute correct prediction) in 11.8% cases, whereas, a reasonable limited deviation (+/- 33.33% or less) was found in 34.5% cases, which may be of some significance for future consideration.

3 tables

009580   Sankaran A. V. (No.10, P and T Colony, I Cross, II Block, RT Nagar, Bangalore 560 032, , ) : Neoproterozoic 'snowball earth' and the 'cap' carbonate controversy. Curr Sci 2003, 84(7), 871-3.

Sc, 27 Ref

009579   Rajendran C P;Earnest A;Rajendran K;DevDas R; Kesavan S (NO, Centre for Earth Science Studies, Thiruvananthpuram 695 031) : The 13 September 2002 North Andaman (Diglipur) earthquake: An analysis in the context of regional seismicity. Curr Sci 2003, 84(7), 919-32.

The 13 September 2002 North Andaman earthquake (Ms 6.8) that caused moderate damages in the onshore region, appears to be a significant event in the chain of ongoing seismicity of this region. Epicentral location, relatively shallow focus and the faulting mechanism of this earthquake are suggestive of its association with the down-dip extension of the subduction interface. Evaluation of the regional seismicity indicates that the recent spurt of activities may represent a peak in the progressive stick-slip deformation in the Andaman arc. Perhaps, this region has entered into a renewed phase of stress build-up, after decades of post-seismic relaxation subsequent to the 1941 (M > 8) earthquake. Another intrguing question is whether the increased volcanic activity of early nineties in the nearby Barren Island was a consequence of post-1941 stress diffusion. The global data suggest a 50-year correlation between very large earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, which seems feasible for this region. The Andaman arc offers a perfect setting to validate many assumptions on earthquake, volcanoes and tsunamis.

7 Illus, 2 Tables, 24 Ref

009578   Pandey B;Jai Krishna (Geology Dep, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005) : Ammonoid biostratigraphy in the Tithonian (Late Jurassic) of Jaisalmer, western India. Geophytology 2000, 30(1-2), 17-25.

Incorporates recent progress made in the ammonid biostratigraphy of Tithonian, Jaisalmer (western India). The Tithonian sedimentary succession in Jaisalmer mainly includes Rupsi Member and Bhadasar Member of the Bhadasar Formation, while the youngest Mokal Member of the Bhadasar Formation (devoid of ammonoids) probably extends into Early Cretaceous. The study is based on precise bed by bed ammonoid collections, their taxonomic differentiation and biostratigraphic evaluation. The generic/species range allow the evaluation of the Tithonian ammonoid succession of Jaisalmer with reference to the Indo-East-African standard scheme of Kachchh and European standard Tethyan scheme. The Indian basal Tithonian Pottingeri Zone (= European Tethyan Hybonotum Zone) is not found in Jaisalmer; a new zone (Natricoides Zone) is introduced in the Early Tithonian as its youngest zone. In all 4 zones and 8 subzones/horizons are recognized in the Tithonian of Jaisalmer. The Indian Tithonian ammonoid zonation is nearly complete with improved correlations with the Tethyan standard zonation scheme of Europe.

5 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

009577   Padhi N P;Padhi P;Panigrahi A K (Botany Dep, S K C G College, Parlakhemundi-761 200) : Post analysis of super cyclonic stress (≤ 05B) on wind breaker vegetations found in and around a coastal micro-climatic zone of Orissa. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2003, 7(1), 203-10.

The measuremnt of GBH (Girth a breast height) was adopted to analyse the super cyclonic stress (≤ 0.5B) on Casuarina equisettifolia plantations taken as a model system. The total plant percentage, the unbroken and broken plant percentage of the population all have shown significant decreased trend with increased GBH from 10-120. The plants of 39 GBH has shown 50 per cent of both broken and unbroken plants in the population, derived by regression lines. The permanent bending of plants under unbroken category and broken category was found out to be 26.2 per cent and 9 per cent respectively. During the study plants have shown higher flexibility of shoot upto 11 GBH, inititation of permanent bending at 12 GBH and Initiation of breaking at 15 GBH (observation data only)

3 tables, 6 ref

009576   Ohanobi S I;Mohammed S O;Sokhi B S (NO, Nigerian Building & Road Research Institute, Lagos, Naigeria) : Mapping Cover Sand Encroachment in Northern Nigeria. Using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems. J Indian Ass Envir Mgmt 2001, 28(3), 196-9.

An area in semi-arid region of the northern Nigeria, in Sokoto State was mapped to sow the extent of cover sand encroachment. Landsat MSS and aerial photographs were used for feature identification and extraction of data. The imageries were also sued for monitoring land use/cover changes by visual interpretation and for spectral classification via digital processing. The suitability of the generated images for topographic, geomorphologic, topsoil, vegetation and drainage pattern recognition increased in terms of quality, using principal component (PC) analysis. The data obtained were processed and integrated using ILWIS-GIS. The result showed that, there was an increase in active cover sand from 1,942 hectares in 1976 to 13,594 hectares in 1986. The cover sand accumulation in the main landscapes of the study area in 1986 were as follows: Plateau: 3,301 hectares (3.4); Piedmont: 9,516 hectares (9.8); Valley: 388 hectares (0.4). The dry season wind blowing across the Sahara desert from the northeastern region called Harmattan, is the principal agent responsible for cover sand formation and encroachment.

009575   Obodo G A (NO, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur-440 020) : Toxic Metals in River Niger and its Tributaries. J Indian Ass Envir Mgmt 2001, 28(3), 147-51.

The River Niger is the third largest in the African Continent and also the most important river in Nigeria especially with regard to domestic use., navigation and aquatic food. Pollution studies related to toxic metal loads were carried out in the lower reaches of the River Niger and its Tributaries to assess the impact of intrusion of domestic, agricultural and industrial affluents, through Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. In the stretch of the river under study, the prevailing levels with respect to lead (0.28mg/L), iron (21.45mg/L) and manganese (0.27 mg/L) were found to exceed the respective limits prescribed by WHO. Zinc and iron were found in higher levels during the rainy season than in the dry season, while lead and maganese were higher in the dry season. The pollution levels in the main river stretch were found to be directly related to thepollution loads in the tributaries. In view of the inherent toxicity due to excessive amounts of these trace metals, untreated effluents should no longer be discharged into the tributaries as well as the River Niger to prevent further deterioration of the water quality in the stretch and minimise the chronic impacts on aquatic ecology.

009574   Nagamalleswara Rao B;Deva Varma D; Satyanarayana G;Rao A D P;Vasudevu K;Subba Rao N (Dep of Geology and department of Nuclear Physics, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam 530 003) : Suitability of coastal magnetite for ferrite preparation. Curr Sci 2003, 84(7), 936-41.

Density, magnetic, surface roughness and SEM studies on synthesized pellets of two size grades of magnetite from three beach placer deposits of the East Coast of India were carried out using standard ceremic techniques, to explore its suitability as raw material for fabrication and characterization of ferrite. Results of this preliminary study are presented.

6 Illus, 2 Tables, 33 Ref

009573   Kotoky P;Bezbaruah D;Baruah J (NO, Reg Res Lab (CSIR), Jorhat 785 006) : Erosion activity on Majuli - the largest river island of the world. Curr Sci 2003, 84(7), 929-32.

Majuli, a river island within the two arms of the mighty Brahamputra river, is a site having extreme historical and cultural importance, and warrants immediate exposure to the scientific community. The island faces an acute erosion problem as no permanent anti-erosion measures based on proper geohydrological models have been adopted so far. The land area of the island, as evidenced from the IRS satellite imagery of 1998, is 577.65 km² compared to 1245 km² according to available historical records. The available data indicate an erosion rate of 1.9 km²/yr for the period of 1920-98. If the situation remains unattended, the island will soon be engulfed by the Brahmaputra river and will become extinct from the world map.

3 Illus, 1 Table, 17 Ref

009572   Khadkikar A S;Rajshekhar C (NO, Agharkar Res Inst, Pune 411 004) : Microbial cements in Holocene beachrocks of South Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal. Curr Sci 2003, 84(7), 933-6.

Holocene beachrocks from the South Andaman Islands exhibit early cementation, which was greatly influenced by microbial activity. Studies suggest that microbes (fungi and bacteria) play an important and active role in carbonate beachrock cementation. The microbial cement occurs as needle-fibre growth, fungal filaments and relating borings and calcispheres; however the needle-fibre cement is most abundant. The needle-fibre cement forms dense patchy meshwork on the allochems and occurs either as single or paired microrods. At places, the needle also show rhombic overgrowths. The morphological variations of the microbial cement in the beachrock highlight the immense scope for studies in this less-understood branch of geology-carbonate geomicrobiology.

3 Illus, 16 Ref

009571   Jha N (NO, Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, 53, University Road, Lucknow-226 007) : Palynological dating of sediments from Gattugudem area, Chintalpudi sub-basin, Andhra Pradesh. Geophytology 2000, 30(1-2), 85-9.

The palynological analysis of subsurface sediments of bore hole SGG-1 from Gattugudem area, Chintalpudi sub-basin reveals presence of Raniganj (Late Permian) palynoassemblage at 53.75-55.40 m. The palynoassemblage is dominated by striate disaccates chiefly Striatopodocarpites and Faunipollenites. Non-striate disaccate Scheuringipollenites remains subdominant. Densipollenites, an enveloping monosaccate, shows fairly well representation. Presence of some rate taxa, viz. Falcisporites, Goubinispora, Crescentipollenites, Weylandites, Lunatisporites, Osmundacidites, Strotersporites, Guttulopollenites, Klausipollenites, Chordasporites indicates younger aspect of the palynoassemblage and distinguishes it from Barren Measures palynoflora.

1 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

009570   Hundal S S;Prabhjyot-Kaur (Agricultural meteorology Dep, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana) : Climate variability at Ludhiana. J Res 2002, 39(2), 165-76.

Annual, seasonal, monthly and weekly variabilities in temperature and rainfall were analyzed from daily meteorological data of the past 30 years (1970-99) for Ludhiana located in the central plain agroclimatic zone of Punjab. Two distinct crop growth seasons of kharif (1 May to 31 October) and rabi (1 November to 30 April) were characterized for seasonal trends. The data were analyzed for normals, standard deviation (s.d.), coefficient of variation (c.v.), extreme values and five yearly moving averages. The analysis of the data revealed that the climate has changed slightly over the past 30 years. The minimum temperature has increased at the rate of 0.07° C per year during the past 30 yeaars. However, the maximum temperature shows a slight decrease (at the rate of 0.02°C per year) during the same period. An increasing trend is also apparent in the annual as well as kharif season rainfull over the past 30 years.

9 illus, 7 ref