014433   Bahuguna A;Nayak S;Deshmukh B (Marine and Water Resources Group, Space Application Centre, Ahmedabad 380 015) : IRS views the adams bridge (bridging India and Sri Lanka). J Indian Soc Remote Sens 2003, 31(4), 237-9.

3 illus, 4 ref

014432   Adhikari R N;Saraswathy R;Singh A K;Husenappa V (Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute Re, , Bellary, Karnataka) : The effect of vertical mulch on runoff and soil loss using rainfall simulator in black soil. Indian J Soil Conserv 2004, 32(1), 16-17.

The rainfall simulator is a very handy and useful tool to have quich and comparative results between the treatments under simulated rainfall conditions involving much less cost and time. The results show that vertical mulching with sorghum stover control the over land flow which in turn reduce the runoff from 45 to 30% for 1% slope and 62 to 57% for 2% slope. This confirms that vegetative measures can be as effective as the graded or contour bund for conservation planning in black soil agricultural land having slope up to 2%. Simple application of mulch material on the surface upro 2% slope of the field, can act as good inter terrace soil and water conservation treatment in the black soil region, apart from improving in situ moisture conditons to increase crop production.

1 illus, 9 ref

013316   Venkateswara Rao C;Nagamalleswara Rao B; Kasipathi C;Vasudev K;Satyanarayana K V V;Kaladhar R;Satyanarayan G; Marrandeya Rao D (Department of Geology Geophysics Geoengineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 003) : Application of geoelectrical method for interpreation of geophydrological conditions around Rajahmundry A P. J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(3), 262-70.

Forty eight Geoelectrical soundings (GES) were carried out on Alluvium (AI), sandstones of Rajahmundry (RS) of upper miocene, Tirupati (TS) of Jurassic and Deccan Traps (DT) of Eocene ages to delineate aquifers around Rajahmundry, East Godavari District. GES show H,K,A and K-A type representing three to four layered sub surface litho-units. Based on preliminary pump tests and resistivity study, the area can be demarcated into three ground-water zones:RS having 3 to 40 in thickness with resistivity range of 2.6 to 63 Ωm giving yield of 24000-I, 13100 lph and areas of TS thickness 2,4 to 11 m with resitivity range of 3.3 to 57 Ωm with yield of above 39600-49500 lph which are considered as good potential zones. The highly weathered DT, having thickness of 5.4 to 30 m with resistivity range of 1.32 to 10 Ωm have moderate yield of 34000-38400 lph. Based on the geoelectrical and hydrogeological studies of the area ten sites were recommended for tube/bore well drilling with expected yield of 45420=68130lph.

6 illus, 5 tables, 13 ref

013315   Vaidyanadhan R T (NO, , 29/20 Maria SusaiNagar Cuddalore-607 001) : Landscape evolution and twidale's review of Lester King's `canons'. J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(3), 341-2.

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013314   Usha Madhuri T;Suseela S S V (Environmental Studies Dep, College of Engineering-GITAM, Visakhapatnam-530 045) : A study of ground water pollution at Shivajipalem, a solid waste dumping station in Visakhapatnam. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2003, 2(2), 245-6.

Water is a natural resource of fundamental importance. The quality of water depends upon the location of the source and the state of environmental protection in a given area. For water to be potable it should be of right quality, i.e. safe and wholesome. A ground water quality survey has been carried out in and around Shivajipalem, a solid waste dump yard to asses the extend of ground water pollution and the suitability of water for use.

1 table, 1 ref

013313   Talaneru M (NO, , 2 Bywood Way Lynwood-6147 Perth Western Australia) : Australia and the lure of gold. J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(3), 343-5.

^ssc2 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

013312   Srinivas S;Murthy A S K;Yadav G S;Srivastava K M (NO, , Plot no 12 Vikaspuri S R Nagar (Post) Hyderabad-500 038) : Basinal and structural appraisal of magnetic data of Chattisgarh region Central India. J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(3), 323-5.

The Chattisgarh Basin of the Central Indian Precambrain Shield is one of the Purana basins of Meso-to-Neoproterozoic age, which has not been geophysically investigated in good detail so far. Under the Deep Continental Studies Project, two regional magnetic profiles over a stretch of 382 and 403 km across the Chattisgarh region were carried out for the first time, in near east-west and north-south directions respectively. The Chattisgarh Basin recorded a broad magnetic high compared to Sakoli Belt and Dongargarh Supergroup in the west and Sonakhan Greenstone Belt in the east, which were reflected as lows on eitherside of the basin. Two-dimensional modelling of the data revals a maximum thickness of 3000 m for the Chattisgarh sediments. The acidic and basic volcanic rocks associated with Sakolis, Dongargarh, Sonakhan Greenstone belt and Kondagaon Granulite belt were demarcated and their geometry deciphered. The Indravati sediments along north-south profile indicate a maximum thickness of 2500 m. Besides this modelling of magnetic data also reveals the presence of possible intrusives into the Chattisgarh and Indravati sediments/basement. Based on the model results and available geological information an attempt is made to study the nature of the upper crust beneath the Chattisgarh basin. It appears that the detritus to the basin sediments is derived from the basic rocks in the centre, around Rajpur while the peripheries are of granitic/acidic nature indicating a ring-type structure.

10 illus, 27 ref

013311   Singh S (Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247 667) : Himalayan tectonics (The himprobe results). J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(3), 350-2.

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013310   Singh N N (NO, , 68 B Sector-9 Hiranmagri Savina Udaipur-313 013) : Indian peninsular precambrian terrain and metal potential: A new approach. J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(3), 345-9.

2 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

013309   Sastry R G S;Viladkar M N (Department of Earth Sciences, IIT, Roorkee-247 667) : Role of integrated geophysical studies in defining the rock profile below steep hill slope at the base of an endangered multi-storeyed building in HImachal Pradesh. J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(3), 282-90.

Failure of rock slopes in the Himalayan hills is a common feature. Such failures often pose site-investigation problems to geotechnical engineers for planning remedial measures to endangered civil engineering constructions. In such cases, integrated geophysical site investigations can be of much help. However, geophysical measurements on hill slopes is both physically and technically a challenging job. The case study deals with a geophysical methodology for delineating hard rock profile on a hill-slope at the base of a partially exposed foundation of a four-storeyed government building in Rampur-Bushehar, H P. The stope failure occurred due to heavy rains and flooding exposed the basement of a four-storeyed government building. The geophysical methods employed include gravity, seismic refraction and electrical resistivity (sounding and profiling) methods. The two gravity profiles along the footpaths on the sloping ground at the base of the building has mapped the hard rock (phyllite locally) with other seismic and electrical resistivity results serving as constraints. This simple case study stresses the need for an integrated geophysical approach for addressing the site investigation problems related to civil engineering constructions/remedial measures on hill slopes, especially in the Himalayan terrain.

5 illus, 3 tables, 3 ref

013308   Roy M;Bagchi A K;Babu E V S S K;Mishra B; Krishnamurthy P (NO, Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research, New Delhi) : Petromineragraphy and mineral chemistry of bituminous shale-hosted uranium mineralisation at Sonrai Lalitpur District, Uttar Pradesh. J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(3), 291-98.

Bituminous shale of the Sonarai Formation of the Bijawar Group hosts uranium mineralisation in Sonrai, Lalitpur dist., U P. Mineragraphy of radioactive mineral phase viz. pitchblende and U-Si complex indicate that the pitchblende, apparently the first formed uranium phase, occurs as dispersed phase in the bitumen. Multistage remobilisation of uranium due to thermal gradient provided by basis and acid magmatic activity have resulted in the concentration of pitchblende along the fractures. EMP based mineral chemistry of pitchblende has shown negligible amount of THO2 and small amounts of RE2O3 (0.78 to 0.90%) indicating its low-temperature formation. Chemistry of U-Si complex, a precursor phase of coffinite-like phase, suggests its formation from U-Zr-Y-REE-P-rich and Th-depleted hydrothermal fluid. High variability of PbO content in pitchblende and U-Si complex and resultant large range in their chemical ages suggest high degree of mobility and remobilization of Pb. Pyrite and chalcopyrite besides bitumen are indicative of reducing environment necessary for the precipitation of pitchblende. Three major episodes of U-mineralisation based on the chemical ages of pitchblende (within bitumen:413 Ma and as fracture fill:51 (Ma) and U-Si complex (1 to 13 Ma) have been inferred from this area.

5 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

013307   Rao A T;Srinivasa Rao Y;Srinivasa Rao K (Department of Geology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 003) : Pyroxene exsolution textures in plutonic basic igneous rocks from Kendra igneous complex Nellore Schist Belt Andhra Pradesh. J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(3), 337-40.

^ssc2 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

013306   Prajapati R;Mathur R (Zoology Dep, Govt. P.G. College, Mhow-453 441) : Statistical studies on the quality of ground water of Sheopurkalan town, M.P.. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2003, 2(2), 201-4.

The water quality of different water resources viz., municipal water supply, wells and hand pumps at Sheopurkalan was studied for the assessment of its suitability for drinking purpose. Water samples, collected in rainy, winter and summer seasons, were analyzed for various water quality parameters like pH, electrical conductance, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, total hardness, chloride, sulphide, sulphate, phosphate, nitrite, nitrate, silicate, fluoride, sodium and potassium. In Urban areas, people mainly depend upon municipal water supply, which often gets contaminated with domestic sewage, resulting in the outbreak of serious waterborne diseases.

1 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

013305   Pasvanoglu S;Canik B;Rosen R (Geological Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty University of Kocaeli, Lzmit Turkey) : Hydrogeology and possible effects of the Mw 7.4 Marmara earthquake (17 August 1999) on the spring waters in the Orhangazi-Bursa area, Turkey. J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(3), 313-22.

Nadir, Kaynarca and Illipinar springs are important water supply sources for the town of Orhangazi, Turkey. These originated form the Middle to Upper Palaeozonic marble formations that overly low-permeability Lower Paleozoic basement schists. Pliocene lake sediments and younger alluvial sediments act as confining layers and contain low volume confined aquifers in their coarser materials to the east of the springs. These springs appear at the boundary of the confining units and along facults and fractures near the town of Orhangazi. Dye tracer experiments at Nadir Spring show that the source of water for Nadir spring is from a different direction than the other two springs, although the chemistry of the water for all three springs is similar. The effects of the Marmara 17 August 1999 Earthquake were relatively minor although temporary chages in flow and turbidity occurred almost immediately after the earthquake. Possible long-term changes may have occurred at a Keramet Hot Spring located approximately 15 km from northeast of Orhangazi, but this spring is not used for water supply. The aquifer that provides most of the water for Orhangazi is highly karstic in nature and has the potential for contamination in the recharge areas and along much of the flow path to the spring. Because of this potential for contamination. THE recharge areas of the spring waters should be protected form degradation by uncontrolled land use. In addition, Illipinar spring has great potential to contribute toward a solution for the chronic water supply problems in Orhangazi and nearby coastal town.

10 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

013304   Meenakumari H R;Hosmani S P (Studies in Environmental Science Dep, University of Mysore, Mysore-570 006) : Bacteriological examination of ground water samples in and around Mysore city, Karnataka, India. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2003, 2(2), 213-15.

Bacterial pollution of ground water has become a great problem in India. The present study was aimed at assessing the coliform MPN/100 mL, and E. coli level ground water (open wells, bore wells) in various parts of Mysore city. The work represents results of MPN and E. coli test of hundred selected water samples during the summer season of 2002. The values of MPN/100 mL were found to vary from 3 to ≥2400/100 mL. The high values of E. coli are observed in north (Mandimohalla and N.R. Mohalla) and east (Saraswathipuram and Kuvempunagar, Ramakrishnanagar and T.K. Layour) parts of city. The large amount of unplanned release of sewage water into subsurface water is largely responsible for bacteriological pollution of ground water in the area.

2 tables, 18 ref

013303   Mahale D;Dhane S S (NO, Khar Land Research Station, Panvel) : Probability analysis for prediction of ;annual maximum daily rainfall at Panvel. J Agrometeorol 2004, 6(1), 150-52.

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013302   Madhavan V (Department of Geology, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506 009) : Continental alkaline magmatism vis-vis the Indian subcontinent:A documentary profile. J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(3), 271-81.

Archaean alkaline magmatism, constituting one of the rare global pheonmena, was hitherto recorded only from the Australian and North American (Canada and Greenland) continents. With the recently reported occurrence of a late Archaean syenite pluton at Koppal in the eastern Dharwar craton of India, the Asian continent has also entered into the record for hosting such a rare magmatic event. Worldfide, alkaline magmatism was again sparsely manifested during Palaeoproterozoic time and the reported occurrence of Palaeproterozoic syenite and carbonatite bodies from certain parts of India therefore assumes considerable significance. The Indian subcontinent was the target of alkaline-carbonatite magmatic activities during Mesoproterozoic, Neoproterozoic, Cretaceous and Eocene periods. The compositional diversity of continental alkaline magmatism, as manifested in the Indian subcontinent during different geological times, has been documented here to provide a wider perspective for investigating the Indian alkaline rocks in future.

2 tables, 98 ref

013301   Kumar V;Srinivasan D (Dep of Geology,, National College, Tiruchirapali) : Factor Analysis of Recent Benthic Foraminifera from the Coleroon River Estuary, Tamil Nadu. J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(3), 299-312.

Foraminiferal distribution of the Coleroon river estuary. Tamil Nadu is studied by statistical `Factor Analysis'. For this study, 56 sediment and bottom water samples were collected from 14 stations, once in three months, representing four seasons.In order to study the relationship between forminifera and present day environment, living forms alone are considered. 56 foraminiferal species belonging to 31 genera have been identified of which 13 are arenaceous agglutiunated, 11 are calcareous porcelaneous and remaining 32 are caleareous perforate forms. Three assemblages alone are taken, since they explain more than 93% of the total variance. From factor analysis, it is inferred that there are two distinct assemblage zones in all the seasons. The first and dominant assemblage zone is highly loaded in station 5 and is influenced by greater depth, higher salinity values, associated with higher finers (greater than 30% silt and clay) and higher CaCO3 content of the substrate. The second zone is predominant in station I and is influenced by the sandy substrate, lesser fines and lesser organic matter of the subsrate.

5 illus, 5 tables, 21 ref

013300   Kumar C P (NO, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee-247 667) : Basic guidelines for groundwater modelling studies. ISH J Hydraul Engng 2003, 9(2), 11-21.

Groundwater flow modelling studies are required to resolve groundwater and catchment issue. A model, no matter how sophisticated, will never describe the groundwater system under investigation without deviation of model simulations from the actual physical processes. As a consequence, in applying a numerical model to a field study, the model user should always understand the implications of simplifying assumptions. Addresses groundwater modelling concepts and outlines the approach for commissioning and understanding groundwater modelling studies. It will encourage best practice and help avoid potential problems.

10 ref

013299   Guru Prasad B (Civil Engineering Dep, Environmental Engineering Laboratory, K.L. Coll, , Guntur-525 502) : Physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of ground waters at Tadepalli Mandal of Guntur district, Andhra pradesh. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2003, 2(2), 173-8.

The study was conducted to evaluate the suitability of ground water for drinking purpose at four villages in Tadepalli mandal of Guntur district. Samples were collected along the stretch of Buckingham canal. In all the villages, concentration of nitrites was excessive. The total alkalinity and fluoride values were far above the standards at Radha Ranga Nagar of Vaddeswaram. Coliform bacteria were detected in Gundimeda.

1 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref

013298   Gouda K C;Murty A S N (Marine Sciences Dep, Berhampur University, Berhampur-760 007, Orissa) : Monsoon rainfall and its variability in Rushikulya river basin in Orissa. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2003, 2(2), 125-32.

Rainfall variability over a over basin has greater impact on the water resource of the basin. With this in view an attempt has been made to study the varibility of the monsoon rainfall over the Rushikulya river basin, one of the biggest river in Orissa and important in Ganjam district. As expected the monsoon rainfall in Rushikulya basin is more variable (19%) than the all India monsoon rainfall (11%) during the period of study (1975-1999). Inter-annual variability of the monsoon rain fall on smaller time scale is found to be higher and increase while going on from seasonal to daily scales. An interesting observation is that the intra-seasonal variability of the monsoon rainfall has a significant negative relationship (Correlation Coefficient (r) = -0.58) with total seasonal rainfall in the basin.

5 illus, 5 tables, 3 ref

013297   Bose S;Chattopadhyay I;Ray J (Department of Geology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road Kolkata-700 019) : Petrology of lingtse of linkey-barapathing strech of East Sikkim in the light of geostatistical chemical and experimental studies. J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(3), 255-61.

The Daling group of rocks fo Darjeeling-Sikkim Himalaya is often traversed by Lingtse granite occuring as thrust sheets. A cohesive petrogenetic model of the Lingtse granite (in Linkey-Barapathing stetch of East Sikkim) has been proposed based on critical evaluaion of its mode of occurrence, petrographic analyses, chemistry and one-atmosphere experimental studies. The investigated Lingtse granite. In general, maintains a very close spatial association with the adjoining schistose country rocks and the planar elements like schistosity and crenulation cleavage are found to be continuous from the country rocks to the Lingtse granites The poorcorrelation amongst several mineralogical parameters is suggestive of open system melt-rocks interation. A closer scan of several chemical variation diagrams for the investigated Lingtse granites reveals a wide scatter of the data-plots which may be indicative of metasomatism/hybridization and other processes related to open system. Interestingly, presence of riebeckite in Lingtse granite is experimentally verified to be the product of alkali (soda)-silica metasomatism of the chlorite-biotite muscovite schist country rock. The A-type characteristics of Lingtse granite is suggestive of syn-or-post collisional tectonic setting of the host terrain.

2 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref

013296   Bajpai R K (Back End Technology Development Division, Nuclear Recycle Group Bhabha Atomic Research Center Department of Atom, Mumbai-400 085) : Recent advances in the geological disposal of nuclear wastes worldwide and indian scenario. J Geol Soc India 2004, 63(3), 354-6.

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012354   Tiwari D R (Geol Dep, Govt Motilal Vigyan Mahavidyalaya, Bhopal) : Hydrogeochemistry of under ground water in and around Chhatarpur City, Dist Chattarpur (M.P.). Indian J envir Hlth 2001, 43(4), 176.

Chemical analysis of collected water samples from various dugwells and tube wells were made. Various physico-chemical parameters of collected water sample suggest that the water of the area is suitable for drinking purposes.

1 table, 3 ref

012353   Tewari C V;Mathur V K (Wadia Inst of Himalayan Geo, , Dehra dun 248 001) : Lower cambrian stromatolites from the upper part of Tal group of the korgai syncline, Himachal lesser Himalaya. Biol Memo 2003, 29(1), 39-47.

A detailed description of the Lower Cambrian stromatolite assemblage comprising llicta talica, Collumanaefacta korgaiensis. Aldania birpica and oncolites recorded from the Dhaulagiri Formation of the Tal Group in the Korgai Syncline, Himachal Lesser Himalaya have been provided. The age of the Tal Formation has also been discussed.

1 illus, 1 tables, 23 ref

012352   Sreenivasa Rao A;Ramamohana Rao P (Inorganic & Analytical chem Dep, Sch of Chem, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam 530 003) : Heavy metals concentrations in the sediments from Kolleru lake, India. Indian J envir Hlth 2001, 43(4), 148-53.

Kolleru Lake is the largest natural freshwaterlake of Andhra Pradesh in India. It is situated between the latitudes 16°32¹ and 16°47¹N and longitude 81°05¹ and 81°21¹E. The catchment area of the lake is 4763 sq. km. The sediment samples were collected at different points from Kolleru Lake in three seasons a year over a period of three years and analyzed for heavy metals and organic matter. Concentrations of Cu, Pd, Cd, Mn, Ni, Co, Fe and Zn in the sediments were analyzed by using Atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) and selected sediments samples were analysed for Be, Sr, Ba, B, Mo, Tl, V, Cr, Ag, Bi, As and Se by using inductively coupled plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS.

1 illus, 3 tables, 36 ref

012351   Shrivastava J;Tiwari M S (Phys Dept, Dr H S Gour Univ, Sagar 470 003) : Alfven wave in dusty magnetosphere. Indian J Radio Space Phys 2004, 33(2), 25-31.

Dispersion relation and associated field-aligned currents are evaluated for Alfven wave with bi-Maxwellian distribution function using particle aspect approach in a warm, magnetized dusty plasma, consisting of electrons, ions and charged dust particles. Effects of different charge concentrations, dust particle density and the ratio of the temperature of the dust particle to that of electron have been examined on the propagation of Alfven wave. It is found that the dust grain concentration and charge on dust grains reduce the wave frequency of the Alfven wave. However, the temperature of dust particles increases the wave frequency. Positively charged dust grain enhances the downward field-aligned current and negatively charged dust grain increases the upward current of the lower auroral ionosphere, Similar effects are also noted for the dust grain number density, whereas the temperature of the dust grain reduces the field-aligned current. Applications of the findings are indicated for the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling.

4 illus, 43 ref

012350   Sharma D K;Rai J (Physics Dep, Indian Inst of Technol, Roorkee 247 667) : Effect of solar flares on electron and ion temperatures as measured by SROSS-C2 satellite. Indian J Radio Space Phys 2004, 33(2), 7-12.

The ionospheric electron and ion temperatures (T_e and T_i) measured by RPA payload aboard SROSS-C2 satellite are found to be enhanced during the solar flares. The electron temperature (T_c) is enhanced by ~32.05-45.31% and the ion temperature (T_i) enhanced by ~4.12-21.95% over quiet days. This enhancement has been obtained in the daytime ionosphere. The solar flare does not have any significant effect on the nightside ionosphere.

2 illus, 1 tables, 18 ref

012349   Saraswati P K (Earth Sci Dep, Indian Inst of Technol, Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400 076) : Ontogenetic isotopic variation in foraminifera - implications for palaeo proxy. Curr Sci 2004, 86(6), 858-60.

The oxygen isotopic composition (δ¹⁸O) of Marginopora kudakajimaensis (Foraminiferida) is found to differ by 0.5% among the individuals living under similar physico-chemical conditions. The δ¹⁸O variation along the growth direction (ontogeny) is much higher, ranging between 1.5 and 2.5%. In comparison, the ontogenetic variation in carbon isotopes (δ¹³C) is relatively small. The range and standard deviation of ontogenetic δ¹⁸O decrease progressively for deeper water species. There is no such systematic change in δ¹³C values. The study suggests that as palaeo proxy, the isotopic data not only require correct species discrimination but also a good understanding of the palaeobiology of the species.

1 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

012348   Sabtar A A (Fac of Earth Sci, King Abdulaziz Univ, P O Box 80206, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia) : Effect of salts on the shear strength of the upper crust of al nekhaila sabkha. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect F 2003, 22(1-2), 1-22.

Arid environments produce saline "evaporatic" soils called sabkhas (coastal salt marsh). Coastal sabkhas in Saudi Arabia witnessed extensive programs of industrialization and urbanization in last few decades. The variability of its geotechnical properties and the presence of brines render the sabkha several geotechnical and construction problems. A major contributory factor is the soil low bearing capacity, where the geotechnical problems of sabkha, as bearing materials, is attributed to the high soluble salt content. Al Nekhaila sabkha, 20 km south of Jeddah (Saudi Arabia) is composed of several interfingering soil layers of sand, silt, and clay. The groundwater is salty (generally less than 100,000 ppm) and is of the sodium chloride type. This salts are concentrated in the crust, where the sulfate exists mainly in the upper 0.5 m to 1.0 m. Sodium chloride and sulphate decrease with depth and calcium and magnesium are constant with depth. The moisture is generally stable in the sabkha throughout the year, with some local variation from 5% to 30%. Sabkha soil strength is influenced by several factors, among them are the moisture content (W) and particle cementation by salts. The effect of salts on strength was evaluated in a form of general linear equations. The stepwise regression technique was used to predict the most effective cations and anions, in addition to moisutre content (W), on the N-value and S_u. It was found that the N-value and S_u are inversely proportional to the moisture content (W) in all types of soil. The N-values and Su in sand, silt and clay were mostly effected by sodium, calcium, and sulfates.

1 illus, 8 tables, 18 ref

012347   Ramasamy V;Ponnusamy V;Kavitha P;Anandan C (Phys Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar 608 002) : FTIR-characterisation of hazardous minerals in dust of Chidambaram, Tamilnadu. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect F 2003, 22(1-2), 23-9.

An infrared absorption method has been used to identify the minerals of dust collected from Chidambaram area of Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu without grinding. The KBr pellet technique was employed. The results obtained from the IR spectra show the presence of quartz, asbestos, kaolinite, calcite, hematite, gibbsite, montmorllonite and nacrite. The hazardous effect due to the inhalation of these minerals are explained. The results show Chidambaram bus stand is more contaminated with hazardous minerals.

2 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

012346   Ramasamy V;Ponnusamy V;Anandan C;Kavitha P (Phys Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar 608 002) : High temperature characterization of coral reefs-a FTIR. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect F 2003, 22(1-2), 47-53.

A method is decribed for utilizing the infrared spectrometer in the analysis of coral reefs. The results show the presence of aragonite as a major mineral, kaolinite, montmorillonite and nacrite as associated minerls, dolomite as impurity mineral, and feldspar as trace mineral. The change in behaviour of all the minerals at higher temperatures are documented and discussed. The presence of dolomite in the samples shows the quality.

1 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

012345   Ram Prakash;Singh A P;Agrawal B M;Gupta D D (Physics Dep, Bipin Bihari PG College, Jhansi 284 001) : Quasi-linear pitch angle diffusion and storm-time energetic electron precipitation from inner radiation belt. Indian J Radio Space Phys 2003, 32(6), 337-43.

Pitch angle scattering and diffusion of inner belt electrons, interacting gyro-resonantly with wide-band whistler-mode ELF/VLF waves, are evaluated using quasi-linear theory in order to study the storm-time precipitation of energetic electrons from inner radiation belt. The calculated pitch angle scattering (being ~ 10^-2-10^-3 deg near the edge of loss cone) and life times (hours and days only) indicate a significant electron precipitation into the lower atmosphere from the inner radiation zone. The results further hint that the calculated quasi-linear diffusion coefficients and pitch angle scattering both decrease with increasing equatorial pitch angle and approach a zero value at 90°. This provides a plausible explanation of the fact that farther the pitch angles from the loss cone, less efficient will be the diffusion of electrons into the loss cone and that the electrons with large pitch angle near 90° are stably trapped in the inner zone.

3 illus, 2 tables, 25 ref

012344   Rai J;Upadhyay R;Sinha A K (NO, Birbal Sahni Inst of Palaeobotany, Lucknow-226 007) : First late triassic nannofossil record from the Neo-Tethyan sediments of the Indus-Tsangpo suture zone, Ladakh Himalaya, India. Curr Sci 2004, 86(6), 774-7.

5 illus, 27 ref

012343   Patil M N;Parasnis S S (Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008) : Mixed layer height over Bay of Bengal during Indian summer monsoon using MONTBLEX observations. Indian J Radio Space Phys 2003, 32(6), 373-8.

The height of mixed layer and cloud base is studied in relation to surface meteorological parameters, surface fluxes of heat and momentum and synoptic weather disturbances. For this study, surface as well as upper air meteorological observations collected over north Bay of Bengal (20°N, 89°E) during the summer monsoon of 1990 as a part of Monsoon trough Boundary Layer Experiment (MONTBLEX), were utilized. Empirical relation between the cloud base height and the surface meteorological observations has been verified for this validity over Bay of Bengal. This height is further compared with aerological observations. A simple relation based on surface air temperature, pressure and wind speed has been suggested to estimate the cloud base height. Influence of the turbulent surface fluxes of heat and momentum on evolution of mixed layer over Bay of Bengal has been brought out.

4 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

012342   Narkhedkar;Mahajan P N;Khaladkar R M;Nairs R M;Joshi P C;Pal P K (Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, , Pune 411 008) : Orissa super cyclone of October 1999 as revealed by IRS-P4 satellite data. Indian J Radio Space Phys 2004, 33(2), 35-42.

A super cyclone hit Orissa coast during 24-31 Oct. 1999 causing vast damage to property and life. Life cycle of this super cyclonic storm from its genesis to landfall is studied using IRS-P4 satellite dervied parameters over the oceanic region. The parameters, viz, sea surface temperature, sea surface wind, integrated water vapour, cloud liquid water content are studied over the region 5-25° N and 70-100°E. Synoptic surface pressure charts were compared with INSAT imagery. The IRS-P4 satellite data supplemented the data from INSAT in studying various characteristics associated with the super cyclone.

6 illus, 12 ref

012341   Narasimha Prasad N B;Sharma K K (Cen for Water Resources Dev and Management, , Kunnamangalam, PO, Kozhikode 673 571) : Geophysical investigations for groundwater exploration in Amini island. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect F 2003, 22(1-2), 31-41.

Geophysical investigations are very commonly employed to locate potential zones of ground water. Among geophysical methods are resistivity method finds a unique position because of the fact that this method is the only geophysical method wherein the presence of groundwater affects the physical property measured. In addition, this method also provides variety of measuring procedures (in the form of different electrode configurations) that enhance the utility of this method. Ground water investigations in the coastal areas are tricky, because of othe seawater intrusion and the associated problem in sending the large amount of current. The case of investigations in an island is further complicated because of the presence of the zones of seawater intrusion on atleast two side. The work carried out in Amini Island, one of the islands of the Lakshadweep islands is presented. Resistivity surveys were conducted to locate the potential zones of ground water. The data has been interpreted with the help of computer-aided techniques and presented in the form of spatial maps. These maps are discussed in detail.

6 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

012340   Mishra D C;Laxman G;Arora K (Nat Geophysical Res Inst, , Hyderabad-500 007) : Large-wavelength gravity anomalies over the Indian continent: indicators of lithospheric flexure and uplift and subsidence of Indian Peninsular shield related to isostasy. Curr Sci 2004, 86(6), 861-7.

Geoid-corrected gravity anomaly map of India filtered with wavelength <62> 314 km provides two large-wave-length gravity lows over Himalayas and Southern Indian shield (SIS) separated by linear gravity highs over the Indo-Gangetic plains and the Vindhyan basin. A density Moho computed from a low-pass-filtered anomaly map for an average density contrast of 400 kg/m³ between the lower crust and upper mantle suggests a thick crust of <62> 50 km under the lower Himalayas and 44-46 km under the Western Ghats of the SIS, reducing to 35-36 km under the Indo-Gangetic plains. The latter represents flexure of the Indian lithosphere due to the load of the Himalayas. Crustal thickening under the Himalayas and the Western Ghats is attributed to convergence and collision of continents during Cenozoic and Archean-Proterozoic periods respectively. The present-day topography of SIS and the Western Ghats, including neotectonic activities is related to isostatic uplift due to mass difficiency at Moho and lithospheric flexure along the west coast in response to sediment loading in the Arabian Sea and along the margins. However, the Palghat gap in the Southern Granulite Terrain shown subsidence in a linear belt, including part of the Cauvery basin along the east coast. The various geophysical signatures observed over it suggest a passive rift-like structure, probably due to local isostatic adjustments along preexisting shear zones/faults during recent times.

5 illus, 36 ref

012339   Massadeh A M (Medicinal Chem and Pharmaconosy Dep, Fac of Pharmacy, Jordan Univ of Sci and Technol, PO Box 3030, Irbid 22110 Jordan) : Distributions of copper and zinc in different fractions of particle sizes in road dust samples in irbid city, Jordan using atomic absorption spectrometry. Res J Chem Envir 2003, 7(4), 49-54.

Road dust samples were taken from areas of high traffic flows in Irbid city, Jordan. A series of 90, 106, 125, 250, 1000 and <60> 2000 mm road dust particle siges were investigated throughout to evaluate the ratio between metal content in each particle size and total metal contents. Atomic absorption spectrometry technique was used throughout. Two reference standard meterials SRM 2709 ad CRM 142 R were tested to validate the proposed method. Results show that there was nothing significant between the measured values for Cu and Zn and their certiied values with RSD of less than 5%.

5 illus, 4 tables, 12 ref

012338   Maity P B;Sinha T;Ghosh P B (NO, Inst of Wetland Management and Ecological Design, B-4, LA-Block, Sector-III, Saltlake, Kolkata) : Level of occurrence of some metals in water of the river Hooghly within Kolkata metropolita area. Res J Chem Envir 2003, 7(4), 17-9.

The level of occurrence of some metals like iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), cromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) wered estimated in water of the river Hooghly for six times in a year. The average levels of metals followed the order Zn<62>Pb<62>Cd<62>Ni<62>Co<62>As<62>Hg. Study revealed that the dissolved constituents of Fe, Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cr were above the ranges of unpolluted water indicating their contamination throughout the season in cases of Pb, Fe and Zn and occasional for Cd and Cr. The metals Ni, Co and As almost remained in natural level while Hg was always below the detection limit of 0.0001 ppm. The water area between Kamarhati and Gardenreach could be identified as the probable area of contamination of these metals.

1 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

012337   Kulkarnt V H;Kane R P (Aeronomia Div, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas, Especiasis, INPE, Av dos Austronautas, 1758 Jd Granja, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP 12245-970, Brazil) : On the relationship between the magnetic field variations and meteor showers. Indian J Radio Space Phys 2003, 32(6), 385-6.

The magnetic Z field variation for the period 9-25 Dec. 1996, recroded at the stations Sodankyla (67.37°N, 26.63°E). Tromso (69.67°N, 18.95°E), Abisko (68.30°N, 18.82°E), and Hornsund (77.00°N, 26.63°E) are compared with the Geminids (12-15 Dec. 1996) and Ursids (20-23 Dec. 1996) showers a reported by Yrjola. The correlation studies show that it is difficult to prove conclusively that the magnetic field fluctuations observed at Sodankyla are due to the dust particles in the meteor showers and the associated changes in the ionospheric currents due to them.

^ssc2 illus, 5 ref

012336   Krishnaiah M et al (Phys Dep, Sri Venkateswara Univ, Tirupati 517 502) : Lidar observations of middle atmosphere temperature variability over low latitude. Indian J Radio Space Phys 2004, 33(2), 50-7.

246 Rayleigh lidar observations covering the altitude range of stratosphere and mesophere collected during the period March 1998 - December 2001 (37 months) using Indo-Japanese Lidar at National MST Radar Faculty (NMRF), Gadanki (13.8°N, 79.2°E), India are presented. The atmospheric density profiles were derived. Using the limited database, a climatological structure of temperature over a tropical site giving seasonal variations of upper stratosphere and mesospheric region is also presented. It has been observed in winter and equinox periods. A semi-annual variation is seen clearly around 70 km with maxima at May/June and Dec/Jan. Mesospheric temperature shows strong inversion very often. The average climatology over 37 months period is found to compare well with a reference atmosphere model (MSISE 90). The observed temperature is, in general, colder throughout the year in the 30-45 km range and warmer in summer at 70-80 km as compared to the model derived values. The study suggests that the 45-55 km region is less affected by temperature variability, which is well suited for the detection of possible temperature trends.

5 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

012335   Krishna Reddy K (Frontier Observational Res System for Global Change, , Yokohama, Japan) : Monitoring of boundary layer winds using a lower atmospheric wind profiler. Indian J Radio Space Phys 2003, 32(6), 360-72.

An L-band (1357.5 MHz) lower atmospheric wind profiler (LAWP) has been installed and successfully operated at Gadanki, India, since September 1997. First results of the accuracy can be given on the basis of about 24 days intercomparisons between LAWP and Indian MST radar data. The root mean square differences (r.m.s. deviation) have been found to range between 1.18 m/s and 1.6 m/s for the wind speed. The two wind profilers compliment each other quite well, considering both the availability and the reliability of the wind measurements. Statistics of the data availability are shown based on 342 days data both in low mode and high mode. The 80% availability of the LAWP was determined with wind measurements of 3.6 km in low mode and 5 km in high mode. It means that the Gadanki-LAWP is also capable of yielding quality data to support the study of severe weather. The presence of abundant amount of moisture in the lower and middle troposphere during summer monsoon enabled good measurements up to about 6 km height, a range much greater than the dry season. The results indicate that the LAWP could help improve the understanding of the atmospheric processes involved in severe weather (mesoscale convective systems, tropical cyclone and storms) in the tropical region.

9 illus, 4 tables, 12 ref

012334   Kaushik A;Jain S;Dawra J ;Sahu R;Kaushik C P (Environmental Sci & Engng Dep, G J Univ, Hisar 125 001) : Heavy metal pollution of river Yamuna in the industrially developing state of Haryana. Indian J envir Hlth 2001, 43(4), 164-8.

Heavy metal concentrations viz. Fe, Ni, Pb, Cd, Co, Zn in the river Yamuna flowing along the state of Haryana through Delhi have been reported selecting 16 stations covering the upstream and downstream stations for major industrial complexes of the state. While Fe, Ni and Co concentrations exceeded the maximum permissible limits prescribed for drinking all along the river, the Cd concentrations crossed the acceptable standards in Delhi downstream. The Pb concentrations declined in the eutrophicated Delhi downstream while Zn concentrations remained within desirable limits throughout. Peak concentrations were recorded in Delhi downstream for Fe and at Sonepat-Gohana downstream for Ni, Co & Zn, which matched with the type of industrial inputs viz. iron-works and the electroplating, galvanizing & cycle industries, respectively. The status of heavy metal pollution of the river has been discussed with respect to possible impacts on human health and aquatic life.

3 tables, 18 ref

012333   Kane R P (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espacias, , Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil) : Day-to-day variability of quiet-time ionospheric of F2. Indian J Radio Space Phys 2003, 32(6), 344-8.

The period 14 May-7 June 1996 was geomagnetically very quiet, with daily sunspot number mostly zero and geomagnetic K_p index of ~ 2.0 or less. The day-to-day variations of ↵_oF2 near noon at several locations showed oscillations with peak spacings of ~7 days at several locations, indicating that in the absnece of solar or geomagnetic effects, planetary waves dominate the day-to-day variability. The results are in rough agreement with earlier results of other workers.

2 illus, 5 tables, 15 ref

012332   Gairola R M;Varma A K;Pokhrel S;Gohil B S; Agarwal V K (Oceanic Sciences Div, Meteorology and Oceanography Group, Space Applications Centre (ISRO)/A, ) : Sensitivity of brightness temperatures to the oceanic surface roughness and rainfall for TRMM and IRS-P4-MSMR radiometric channels over the Indian Ocean. Indian J Radio Space Phys 2004, 33(2), 61-70.

Upwelling microwave radiances at the top of the atmosphere originate partly from the oceanic/land surfaces and partly from atmospheric constituents. Radiative transfer simulations have been carried out for the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)-Microwave Image (TMI) and Indian OCEANSAT-Multichannel Scanning Microwave Radiometer (MSMR) radiometric frequencies for varying winds, under clear sky (non-raining) and raining conditions. Both emission and scattering based radiative transfer simulations are carried out for typical atmospheric profiles over the North Indian Ocean during the monsoon season. The simulation results match reasonably well with the real observations from TRMMTMI and MSMR channels that represent a variety of oceanic and atmospheric conditions during the south-west monsoon season. The main purpose of simulations is to delineate the frequencies that are most sensitive (as far as brightness temperatures are concerned) to the ocean surface and rainfall characteristics. This effort will contribute for the combined use of different sensors to retrieve geophysical parameters with better accuracy.

5 illus, 31 ref

012331   De S S;Saha A K;De M (Centre of Advanced Study in Radio Physics & Electronics, Calcutta Univ, 1, Girish Vidya Ratna Lane, Kolkata-700 009) : Measurement of ELF emission in the upper atmosphere over Kolkata due to Schumann resonances. Indian J Radio Space Phys 2004, 33(2), 32-4.

The discrete spectra of the transmission frequencies at 8, 14, 20.... Hz, due to Schumann resonances are generated by electromagnetic emission from the lightning strokes and can be regarded as excitation of an AC global circuit. The results of an attempt to detect experimentally these discrete signals at Kolkata (lat. 22°34'N) are presented. Some frequency changes of 10%- 20% about the peak values are found to be present in the observed data which may be attributed by the uncertainties arising from spatial distribution of lightning sources exciting the Schumann resonance modes.

2 illus, 14 ref

012330   Arul B;Sridhar S G D;Hussain S M;Darwin Felix A;Periakali P (Appl Geol Dep, Univ of Madras, A C Coll Campus, Chennai-600 025) : Distribution of recent benthic ostracoda from the sediments of pitchavaram mangroves, Tamil Nadu, Southeast coast of India. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect F 2003, 22(1-2), 55-73.

2 illus, 1 table, 32 ref

012329   Annadurai B;Arunachalam N;Mahalingam K (Phy Dep, Aditanar Coll, Tiruchendur 628 216) : Effect of soil physical properties on tank silt and pressmud mixture amended theri-soils. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect F 2003, 22(1-2), 43-5.

The effect of soil physical properties were investigated by ameliorating the mixture of tank silt and pressmud with the red dunal sandy soils [theri soils] of Southern Tamilnadu Different interpretative systems indicated that these are not suitable for agriculture (Janakiraman et al 1997). In order to reduce the soil physical constraints and to make the soils fit for sustained water availability and large agricultural applications, the mixture of equal proportions of tank silt and pressmud was tried on soil and the soil physical parameters which brings the soil cultivable are studied and their inter relationships arrived at.

4 ref

012328   Amit Kumar;Watal G (Chem Dep, Univ of Allahabad, Allahabad-211 002) : Impact of manmade environmental degradations on the chemical composition and organic production in River Ganga at Kanpur. Res J Chem Envir 2003, 7(4), 63-6.

Impact of effluents on the chemical composition and energy transformation was studied stretch in of Ganga at Kanpur. The effluents, nil in oxygen, acidic to neutral in pH, high CO₂, alkalinity, conductance, hardness, chloride, organic matter and BOD load have caused drastic changes in Ganga resulting in severe decline in oxygen and sudden increase in above chemical parameters. The magnitude of the impact has however reduced considerably after regulation in the discharge of effluents. The rates of energy transformation and efficiency or production potential have also shown considerable improvement over the years with regulated flow.

2 tables, 16 ref