014196   Sowghandika M;Sandhya Rani S;Susheela B; Pullaiah T (Botany Dep, Sri Krishnadevaraya Univ, Anantapur-515 003) : Musci in Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh, India. J Econ Taxon Bot 2011, 35(3), 516-28.

Visakhapatnam district in Andhra Pradesh. India, consists of several peaks ranging from 900 to 1650 m with various vegetation types. These hills provide a wealth of bryodiversity. 42 taxa of mosses belonging 29 genera. and 16 families are recorded from Visakhapatnam district. Pottiaceae and Bryaceae are the dominant families with 7 taxa, where as Polytrichaceae, Leucobryaceae, Fabroniaceae, Racopilaceae and Orthotrichaceae are represented by only one species each. 5 species-Atrichum undulatum, Semibarbula ranuii, Brachythecium formosanum, Eurhynchium swartzii, Eurhynchium Mans are new records to South India.

12 ref

014195   Soosairaj S;Maheswari A (Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology Dep, St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli-02) : Extended distribution of Albizia lathamii hole- a critically endangered tree species to the carnatic region of Tamil Nadu. J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(2), 404-6.

Albizia lathamii Hole, a critically endangered small tree, has restricted distribution in Southern Peninsular India. For the first time it is being reported in Central and Carnatic regions of Tamilnadu. Detailed description and illustrations are provided.

1 illus, 9 ref

014194   Sivadas D;Sreelekha (Botany Dep, Mahatma Gandhi College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, Email: deepu_sdas@hotmail.com ) : Systematics of selected members of verbenaceae and lamiaceae inferred from morphological studies. J Econ Taxon Bot 2011, 35(2), 396-406.

Morphology of 15 selected members of Verbenaceae and Lamiaceae were thoroughly studied and was analyzed in a systematic perspective. Statistical tools such as UPGMA cluster analysis and PCoA were used for elucidating species boundaries and interrelationships. The UPGMA pheno-gram clearly showed the existence of a close relationship between some members of tribe Viticeae (Bentham & Hooker, 1863-1883) with the members of Lamiaceae.

3 illus, 6 tables, 20 ref

014193   Sinha B K;Odyuo N (Botanical Survey of India, Eastern Circle, Shillong-793 003) : New distributional record for Hyptis capitata Jacq. (Labiatae) from Mizoram (North East India). J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(2), 295-7.

Hyptis capitata Jacq. belonging to family Lamiaceae has been recorded for the first time from Mizoram, earlier reported form Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Kerala, Goa, Tripura and West Bengal. Present article provides a brief taxonomic description along with photo and line drawing illustration of this newly recorded species for its easy identification in the field.

1 illus, 6 ref

014192   Singhadiya M K;Padhye P M;Pandey R P (Botanical Survey of India, Arid Zone Regional Centre, Jodhpur-342 008, Email: mahenbsi@gmail.com) : Addition to the flora of Gujarat state-India. J Econ Taxon Bot 2011, 35(1), 85-9.

Two taxa belonging to 2 genera under 2 families, so far not reported from Gujarat State by the earlier workers in the literature are enumerated.

2 illus, 25 ref

014191   Singh J;Narain S (Duthie Herbarium, Botany Dep, Allahabad Univ, Uttar Pradesh) : Tribal prescriptions for skin ailments in Sonaghati, Uttar Pradesh, India. J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(2), 349-52.

The paper provides information on the uses of plant crude drugs for skin ailments prevalent in the tribals of Sonaghati, Sonbhadra district, Uttar Pradesh. The present paper deals with 24 plant species belonging to 22 genera of the 14 families used for the skin ailment by the tribes of Sonaghati region. For each species, the information regarding botanical names, local names, part used and ethnomedicinal uses have been provided.

1 table, 7 ref

014190   Singh G;Verma D;Pande D;Rawat G S (NO, Wildlife Institute of India, Post Box <35> 18, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Email: gajendrawat@yahoo.com) : Phytoresource diversity and their traditional uses by mountain villages of Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Himalaya, India. J Econ Taxon Bot 2011, 35(2), 301-13.

Survey was conducted to explore the resource diversity and their uses by the local communities situated in the fringes of Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttarakhand. Consumption pattern and impact on the forest resources were also taken into consideration. For this study randomly 12 villages were selected and from each village, 20 people were interviewed randomly. Only one person was interviewed from a household. A total 240 respondents were interviewed. Study revealed that 316 species belonging to 79 families and 212 genera are utilized by the local people for various purposes. Species are used as fodder (145), medicinal (126), fuelwood (89), edible (27), construction (21), fibre (5), oil seeds (4) and other miscellaneous (61) uses by the local communities. Some plant species have multiple uses.

1 table, 10 ref

014189   Singh B;Tham B B T;Rabha N N (NO, Botanical Survey of India, Eastern Circle, Shillong-3, Email: damirtham@gmail.com) : Taxonomical notes on Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) nicolson var. Campanulatus (Decne.) sivadasan (gigantic flower): a new record for Meghalaya. J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(3), 492-4.

The species Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson var. campanulatus (Blume ex Decne.) Sivadasan is reported for the first time near a village Pyllun, Umiam (Ribhoi district) in Meghalaya in wild state. It is a giant arum, locally called as Syntiew-phylla, meaning strange flower, by Khasi tribe of the State. The paper deals with detailed description, phenology, distribution and economic uses of this species. A photo-plate of five photographs showing its different stages of growth in wild is also provided for its easy identification.

1 illus, 3 ref

014188   Singh B;Borthakur S K (Botanical Survey of India, Eastern Regional Centre, Shillong-793 003, Email: bikrama81@yahoo.co.in) : Wild medicinal plants used by tribal communities of Meghalaya. J Econ Taxon Bot 2011, 35(2), 331-9.

The biological diversity of the State, called 'Scotland of the East', of Meghalaya is spectacular and is regarded as one of the hot spot regions of the world. The present work deals with enumeration of 73 interesting wild medicinal plants used locally by Khasi (K), Garo (G) and Jaintia (J) tribes of the State along with their local names, family, habit and the way the plant or the plant parts used.

1 table, 13 ref

014187   Singh A K;Singh S;Sahu R K (Botany Dep, Udai Pratap Autonomous College, Varanasi-221 002, Email: ajaiupcollege@gmail.com) : Morpho-taxonomic studies on seeds and seedlings of six fibre yielding taxa from Varanasi district (Uttar Pradesh), India. J Econ Taxon Bot 2011, 35(1), 158-67.

The seed and seedling morphology of six fibre yielding taxa, viz. Corchorus aestuans L., Crotalaria juncea L., C. retusa L., Hibiscus cannabinus L., H. micranthus L.f. and H. radiatus Cav. have been studied. Some characters of seeds and seedlings are found useful in distinguishing the taxa studied. This has been supported by the construction of an artificial key and illustrations.

3 illus, 40 ref

014186   Singh A K;Sahu R K;Singh S (Botany Dep, Udai Pratap Autonomous College, Varanasi-221 002, Email: ajaiupcollege@gmail.com) : First report of Ruellia sivarajanii Sreedevi, Ramedevi & Binoj Kumar (Acanthaceae) from Uttar Pradesh, India. J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(3), 497-500.

Ruellia sivarajanii Sreedevi, Remadevi & Binoj Kumar (Acanthaceae) collected from Varanasi district is reported for the first time from Uttar Pradesh. Detailed description and illustrations of the taxa alongwith seedling are provided to facilitate easy identification.

2 illus, 5 ref

014185   Shukla S P;Khare P B (Plant Sciences Dep, Hyderabad Univ, Hyderabad-500 046, Email: sp_shukla2002@yahoo.co.in) : In-vitro shoot regeneration via caulogenesis in fern, Pteris vittata L.. J envir Biol 2012, 33(4), 683-7.

Attempt was made to standardize the protocol for the shoot regeneration via caulogenesis in Pteris vittata L. employing leaf primordium explants. Calli were induced on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) and Parkers and Thompson's (P and T) media supplemented with different combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyaceticacid (2, 4-D), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and Indole - 3-acetic acid (IAA). A combination of full strength MS medium with 2,4-D (2.26 μM) and BAP (2.22 μM) was found to be ideal for profuse callusing (80%) against other combinations. More shoot differentiation (2.8±0.06) was achieved from the calli on one-fourth strength of P and T media fortified with BAP (4.44 μM) and NAA (2.68 μM) when compared to other combinations but statistically not significant.

1 illus, 2 tables, 26 ref

014184   Shiddamallayya N;Rama Rao V;Shantha T R; Shubhasree M N;Shashidhar H D;Venkateswarlu G;Sridhar B N (Survey of Medicinal Plant Unit, National Ayurveda Dietetic Research Institute, G C P Annexe, Ashoka Pillar, Jayanagar, Bangalore-560 011, Email: snmathapati@gmail.com) : Invasive allen flora of Karnataka in Indian system of medicine (Ayurveda). J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(3), 564-79.

Ayurveda is a one of the most practicing Indian traditional system of medicine of India over 5000 years. It plays a major role in health care of rural and urban population of India. Ayurveda scholars like Sushruta, Charaka, Wagbhata etc wrote a number of scripts about plants with their healing activities. The present work throws light on invasive alien flora in Karnataka State and their uses in Indian traditional system of medicine. Varied climatic and geographical conditions of the State have enriched floristic composition. In addition, Western Ghat is one of the biggest biodiversity conservation reservoirs of India. Enlisted 137 invasive alien species belong to 97 genera under 41 families (Sudhakara Reddy, 2008). Of listed 137 invasive alien 27 species are used in classical preparations and 24 species are used in Ayurveda and other Indian systems of medicine like Homeopathy, Unani and Siddha etc. Based on the nativity of invasive plants, tropical America contributes a maximum number of species (84), followed by tropical Africa (17). Rest of the countries such as Mediterranean, Afghanistan, East Indies, Europe, Madagascar, Mexico, Peru, South west Asia, Temperate South America, tropical West Asia etc together contribute 36 species to the flora of Karnataka.

3 tables, 10 ref

014183   Sharma V;Chaudhary S;Arvind Kumar;Sushil Kumar (Genetical Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110 067) : COCHLEATA controls leaf size and secondary inflorescence architecture via negative regulation of UNIFOLIATA (leafy ortholog) gene in garden pea Pisum sativum. J Biosci, Bangalore 2012, 37(6), 1041-59.

UNIFOLIATA [(UNI) or UNIFOLIATA-TENDRILLED ACACIA (UNI-TAC)] expression is known to be negatively regulated by COCHLEATA (COCH) in the differentiating stipules and flowers of Pisum sativum. In this study, additional roles of UNI and COCH in P. sativum were investigated. Comparative phenotyping revealed pleiotropic differences between COCH (UNI-TAC and uni-tac) and coch (UNI-TAC and uni-tac) genotypes of common genetic background. Secondary inflorescences were bracteole-less and bracteolated in COCH and coch genotypes, respectively. In comparison to the leaves and corresponding sub-organs and tissues produced on COCH plants, coch plants produced leaves of 1.5-fold higher biomass, 1.5-fold broader petioles and leaflets that were 1.8-fold larger in span and 1.2-fold dorso-ventrally thicker, coch leaflets possessed epidermal cells 1.3-fold larger in number and size, 1.4-fold larger spongy parenchyma cells and primary vascular bundles with 1.2-fold larger diameter. The transcript levels of UNI were at least 2-fold higher in coch leaves and secondary inflorescences than the corresponding COCH organs. It was concluded that COCH negatively regulated UNI in the differentiating leaves and secondary inflorescences and thereby controlled their sizes and/or structures. It was also surmised that COCH and UNI (LFY homolog) occur together widely in stipulate flowering plants.

6 illsu, 3 tables, 111 ref

014182   Sharma M;Tiwari M (Laboratory of Mycology and Microbilogy, Botany Dep, Rajasthan Univ, Rajasthan, Email: meenakshi_1483@yahoo.co.in) : Dermatophytes in dogs and in vitro response of Psoralea corylifolia essential oil. J essential Oil Bearing Pl 2012, 15(3), 445-53.

Fungal activity of the essential oil extracted from Psoralea corylifolia (Fabaceae), was studied against dermatophytic fungi like Microsporum canis, Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. In this paper we report on the study of dermatophytosis in dogs of Jaipur. Out of 110 samples studied the incidence of ringworm infection was about 50% followed by pyodermas 22.72%, allergic skin 18.18 and parasitic skin was the lowest of 0.9%. In screening of the essential oil, extracted from seeds of the plant, by using disc diffusion method, the diameter of inhibition zone was found to be 20 mm, 35 mm and 37 mm for M canis, Tr. rubrum and Tr. mentagrophytes respectively. By using micro dilution method, the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the essential oil was studied. Results show that Minimum inhibitory concentrations of essential oil with reference to M. canis, Tr. rubrum and Tr. mentagrophytes are 1.4 μl/ml,0.4 μl/ml and 0.5 μl/ml.

6 tables, 51 ref

014181   Sharma B D (NO, Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla-171 005) : Non-traditional tribal leafy vegetables as health insurance food in N-E India. J Econ Taxon Bot 2011, 35(2), 231-40.

The tribal dominated north-eastern hill States are vegetationally very rich resource. The inhabitants collect many wild edible plants for consumption. It is estimated that these might be 300 to 400 plant species, out of which 80 to 120 plant species are consumed as leafy vegetable collected from their natural habitats. Leafy vegetables are a rich supplier of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, fibre, vitamins and minerals. These are also efficacious in corrective digestive disorders and all kinds of constipation problems. Thus, leafy vegetables are good to promote and maintain health among the tribal people inhabiting N-E hill and valley areas.

3 table, 3 ref

014180   Shareef S M;Antony R (NO, Tropical Botanic Garden and Reseach Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, Email: shariftbgri@rediffmail.com) : Eugenia seithurensis Gopalan ET S.R. Sriniv. (Myrtaceae)-a new distributional record for Kerala. J Econ Taxon Bot 2011, 35(3), 633-5.

Eugenia seithurensis Gopalan et S.R. Sriniv., a myrtaceous species reported from Siethur Hills of Tamil Nadu State was recently collected from the Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve of Kerala, which forms a new distributional record to the State. A brief description is provided herewith to facilitate its easy identification and further collection of the species.

1 illus, 10 ref

014179   Shanmugasundaram R;Kalpana Devi V;Tresina Soris P;Maruthupandian A;Mohan V R (Ethnopharmacology Unit, Research Botany Dep, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin-628 008, Email: vrmohan_2005@yahoo.com) : Ethnomedicinal legumes of southern western ghats, Tamil Nadu. J Econ Taxon Bot 2011, 35(2), 340-53.

Ethnomedicinal legumes survey was carried out among the ethnic groups (Kanikkars, Palliyars and Valaiyans) in South-Eastern slopes of Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu. The traditional uses of 70 leguminous plants belonging to 36 genera are described under this study. 58% of leguminous plants are used to cure only one particular disease. About 16% of the identified plants possess two fold uses. The remaining percentage of the plant species recorded in the study area exhibited many fold therapeutic uses. Plant species with their family names, vernacular names and mode of administration are tabulated.

2 tables, 8 ref

014178   Shali Saheb T;Ravi Prasad Rao B;Nazaneen Parveen S;Zakia S (NO, Osmania College, Kurnool) : Natural colours and dyes from the plants and their medicinal importance to mankind. J Econ Taxon Bot 2011, 35(1), 95-7.

Deals with 18 plant species which are used traditionally since ancient times by Mahanandi forest area tribals for the treatment of various ailments, such as Jaundice, Gonorrhoea, Diabetes, Cardiac problems, Skin diseases etc. Most of these plant species are the main source in the preparation of natural dyes which have several applications in textiles, inks, hair dyes and cosmetics.

1 table, 12 ref

014177   Shajeela P S;Mohan V R;Jesudass L L (Botany Dep, Sarah Tucker College, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, Email: vrmohan_2005@yahoo.com) : Some underground wild edible plant parts used by the tribals of Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India. J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(3), 658-62.

The lesser known plants could make a useful contribution to world food production because they are well adapted to adverse environmental conditions and are highly resistant to diseases and pests and have good nutritional qualities. In south India, the tropical forests of Western Ghats, one of the 18 biodiversically rich hot spots of the world, have a large group of under utilized food plants. Kanikkar and Palliyar tribals of Southern parts of Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu use wild plants for food and supplement their diet with Alocasia macrorhiza (L.) G.Don, Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson var. campanulatus (Blume ex Decne.) Sivadasan, Dioscorea alata L., Dioscorea pentaphulla L. var. pentaphylla, Dioscorea spicata Roth, Nymphaea rubra Roxb. ex Salisb., Xanthosoma segittifolium (L.) Schott etc. Some of the wild food plants are used to treat various ailments also.

2 tables, 12 ref

014176   Savithramma N;Ankanna S;Linga Rao M; Saradvathi J (Botany Dep, Sri venkateswara Univ, Tirupati-517 502, Email: prof.savithri@yahoo.in) : Antimicrobial efficacy of medicinal tuberous shrub Talinum cuneifolium. J envir Biol 2012, 33(4), 775-80.

Talinum cuneifolium (Vahl.) Willd. an erect shrub with subterranian tuber (Portulacaceae) is endowed with wide range of pharmacological activities. The antimicrobial efficacy of the plant is evaluated against three bacteria and two fungal species by disc diffusion method. Preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out among hexane, ethylacetate, methanolic extracts of leaf and root tuber for different potent chemicals. The leaf methanolic extract of T. cuneifolium showed maximum effect on the growth of Proteus (25.8 mm) followed by Bacillus (24.62 mm) and E. coli( 19.42 mm). The tuberous methanolic extract of T. cuneifolium showed maximum effect on growth of Proteus (28.15 mm) followed by Bacillus (26.88 mm) and E coll (24.51 mm). The Gram-positive bacterial strains (Bacillus) were more susceptible to the extractions of T. cuneifolium as compared to Gram-negative bacteria (E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus viilgaris and Klebsiella pneumoneia). The antifungal activity of selected plant leaf and root tubers exhibit pronounced activity against Candida albicans rather than Aspergillus niger. These studies showed that the methanolic extracts of T. cuneifolium plant parts were certainly much better and powerful. This may be due to the better solubility of the action components in organic solvent.

2 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

014175   Satyanarayana P (Botanical Survey of India, Southern Regional Centre, T.N.A.U. Campus, Coimbatore-641 003, Email: drpsatyan@gmail.com) : Sacred plant leaves used as ''pathri'' during Ganesh Chathurthi festival. J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(2), 323-32.

Ganesh Chathurthi or Vinayaka Chavithi is a very popular festival in India, particularly Eka-dhwim-shathi pathra pooja during Ganesh Chathurthi related to twenty-one sacred plants, from which the leaves are collected and used as 'Pathri'. Enumeration of these 21 plants are provided with correct botanical name, synonyms, if any, family name, common and few Vernacular names and Habit. Some of the common medicinal and other economic Uses are also provided.

9 ref

014174   Satyal P;Paudel P;Limbu K;Setzer W N (Chemistry Dep, Alabama in Huntsville Univ, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA, Email: wsetzer@chemistry.uah.edu) : Leaf essential oil composition of Citrus japonica from Nepal. J essential Oil Bearing Pl 2012, 15(3), 357-9.

The essential oil from the leaves of Citrus japonica, collected from Biratnagar, Nepal, was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. A total of 42 compounds were identified in the oil, accounting for 99.6% of the oil. The major components of the leaf oil were identified to be linalool (35.1%), eugenol (14.8%), geraniol (12.7%), and its aldehyde counterpart geranial (7.9%). The oil also contained smaller amount of nerol (5.3%), and (Z)-asarone (5.0%).

1 table, 6 ref

014173   Sasi R;Ramachandran V S (Botany Dep, Bharathiar Univ, Coimbatore-641 046, Email: usrbotany@gmail.com) : Status and the reassessement of two endemic species from Nilgris, Tamil Nadu. J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(3), 619-23.

Smilax: wightii A. DC. (SmilacaceaeJ and Cyathea nilgirensis Holttum (Cyatheaceae), two endemic plant species from Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, were collected and included under threatened plants of India. Their occurrence and threat status with relevant notes are provided in the present communication.

1 illus, 11 ref

014172   Sandhya Sri B;Seetharami Reddi T V V (Botany Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam, Email: reddytvvs@rediffmail.com) : New or less known remedies for swellings from the Bagata tribe of Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh. J Econ Taxon Bot 2011, 35(2), 418-23.

Deals with 43 plant species, belonging to 26 families, used to reduce swellings prevalent among the Bagata tribal people of Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh, along with local name, method of administration and prescribed dose.

8 ref

014171   Sampath Kumar K K;Subbiah V;Prakash H S (Studies in Applied Botany & Biotechnology Dep, Mysore Univ, Manasgangotri, Mysore-570 006, Email: hasriprakash@gmail.com) : Phyllanthus scabrifolius Hook.F. (Euphorbiaceae): a rare species in Gudalur, new distributional record for Tamil Nadu. J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(2), 388-90.

Phyllanthus scabrifolius Hook, f., a rare and endemic species for India, previously reported from Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka, is the first report from Tamil Nadu.

1 illus, 4 ref

014170   Sambandan K;Dhatchanamoorthy N (P.G. Plant Science Dep, Avvaiyar Government College for Women, Karaikal-609 602) : Diversity of aquatic macrophytes in Karaikal district, U.T. of Puducherry, India. J Econ Taxon Bot 2011, 35(3), 497-503.

Aquatic macrophytes are made up of emergent, floating and submerged plants. They act as physical filters, nutrient sinks, stabilizing agents, valuable habitat and provide multiple functions for aquatic fauna which include provision of shelter, egg laying sites,, food source for herbivores etc, Karaikal district is one of four erstwhile French establishments of the Union Territory of Puducherry with long coastal border of Bay of Bengal. Forming part of fertile delta, the district is completely covered with distributaries of river Kaveri. In the district, where fresh water runs abundantly throughout the year, the hydrophytic flora is naturally well developed. The present work elucidates the species composition of various macrophytes growing on river and stream boundaries of Karaikal district. Results showed that sixty five macrophytic species belonging to 49 genera and 30 families of aquatic and semi-aquatic macrophytes inhabit the area. Cyperaceae is dominant family according to number of species, followed by Poaceae, Hydrocharitaceae, Acanthaceae, Onagraceae and Scrophulariaceae. The dominant species are : Nymphaea pubescens, Barringtonia acutangula, Ipomoea aquatica, Ipomoea carnea, Exaoecaria agallocha, Eichhornia crassipes, Typha anguslifolia, Lemna perpusilla, Fimbristylis triflora, Fimbristylis miliacea, Saccharum spontaneum and Eragrostis japonica in all the communes of the district. The macrophytic plants species like Nelumbo nucifera, Ceratophyllum demersum, Dopatrium lobelioides, Limnophila polystachya, Lindernia antipoda, Monochoria vaginalis, Cryplocoryne spiralis, Eleocharis dulcis were very rarely found in the district. Hemarthria compressa was reported by earlier workers could not be collected in the present survey.

3 tables, 6 ref

014169   Salim P M;Sujanapal P;Anil Kumar N (M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Puthoorvayal, Kalpetta, Wayanad-673 121) : Occurence of two rare and endemic medicinal plants in Kerala. J Econ Taxon Bot 2011, 35(1), 191-2.

Sqrcostemma intermedium Decne. and Tarenna agumbensis Sundararaghavan, two rare and endemic medicinal plants known to central part of India and Deccan plateau are collected first time from Kerala with hitherto unknown fruit of 'Endangered' Tarenna agumbensis. Importance of these medicinal plants with respect to flora of Kerala is discussed.

7 ref

014168   Roy D K;Singh B (Botanical Survey of India, Eastern Regional Centre, Shillong-793 003, Email: bikarma81@yahoo.co.in) : Tibouchina semidecandra Cong. (Melastomataceae): a rare, little known ornamnetal plant escape in Meghalaya. J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(2), 398-400.

The Tibouchina semidecandra Cong. (Melastomataceae), an ornamental plant, is the only species of the genus Tibouchina Aubl. found in India. The present paper deals with botanical citation, detailed taxonomic description, phenology and distribution of Tibouchina semidecandra Cong. Detailed dissected parts in photoplate of this species are also provided for its easy identification.

1 illus, 4 ref

014167   Rout N C;Dhal N K;Biswal A K;Das P K (Natural Products Dep, Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Formerly Regional Rese, Bhubaneswar-751 013, Email: ncrout@immt.res.in) : Rare and interesting distribution of Nymphoides parvifolia (Griseb.) Kuntze (Menyanthaceae) from Eastern ghats, Orissa, India. J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(2), 359-62.

Nymphoides parvifolia (Griseb.) Kuntze is reported to grow in the shallow ponds and paddy fields in the tropics of Southern India to Malaysia including Australia at mean sea level (MSL). The species has been located growing in a shallow pond at 4000 ft. in Deomali ranges of Eastern Ghats in Koraput district, Orissa, India. The rarity and distribution of the taxon in higher altitude makes it further significant. The species turns out to be a new record for the State of Orissa.

1 illus, 3 ref

014166   Rongsensashi;Limasenla;Mozhui R;Changkija S (Botany Dep, Nagaland Univ, Lumami, PO Mokokchung-798 601, Email: sashiozzies@yahoo.com) : Chiloschista parisshii Sciendenf. and Epipogium roseum (D.Don) Lindl. (Orchidaceae): new records for Nagaland, India. J Econ Taxon Bot 2011, 35(3), 602-5.

Two orchids, viz. Chiloschista parisshii Sciendenf. and Epipogium roseum (D.Don) Lindl., collected from the Fakim Wildlife Sanctuary, Nagaland, India form new additions to the orchid flora of Nagaland.

2 illus, 11 ref

014165   Remadevi S;Binoj Kumar M S;Bindu P K (Taxonomy Div, Post Graduate Studies and Research in Botany Dep, S.D. College, Alappuzha) : Enumeration of some potential medicinal plants (polypetalae) in the district of Alappuzha (Kerala)-I. J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(3), 505-11.

The present paper provides data on certain medicinal plants collected from Alappuzha district during a period of 5 years from 2004-2009. This includes data on medicinal importance of 41 species belonging to 25 families of the subclass polypetalae. The binomial, family, vernacular names, parts used and various medicinal properties of these species are provided.

17 ref

014164   Rawat V K (Botanical Survey of India, Central Circle, Allahabad-211 002, Email: rawat_vk2107@rediffmail.com) : Arthromeris wardii (clarke) ching (Polypodiaceae)-a new record for Arunachal Pradesh, Eastern Himalaya. J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(3), 705-8.

Rare species of Polypodiaceae from Mehao Wildlife Sanctuary, Arunachal Pradesh, Eastern Himalaya viz. Arthromeris wardii is reported for the first time from Arunachal Pradesh. In India Arthromeris (Moore) J.Sm. is represented by eight species. A taxonomical description of Arthromeris wardii (Clarke) Ching is furnished here.

2 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

014163   Rawat V K (Botanical Survey of India, Central Circle, Allahabad, Email: rawat_vk2107@rediffmail.com) : Genus Polystichum a.w. roth (dryopteridaceae) in the Mahao Wildlife Sanctuary, Arunachal Pradesh. J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(3), 699-704.

While conducting the present study in Mehao Wildlife Sanctuary of Lower Dibang Valley District of Arunachal Pradesh from 2001-2007, eight species of the genus Polystichum have been reported from the area. The genus Polystichum A.W. Roth belongs to family Dryopteridaceae occurring in Mehao Wild Life Sanctuary represented by eight species, namely Polystichum. discretum, P. lentum, P. longipaleatum, P. luctuosum, P. neolobatum, P. nepalence, P. obliquum and P. squarrosum. Out of these, three taxa are reported as endangered and rare. In the systematic enumeration, these eight species are dealt with in alphabetically sequence, besides key to species, citation, habit, ecology, distribution, general distribution and specimens examined. An identification key is provided to diagnose all the species reported here.

11 ref

014162   Ravi Prasad Rao B;Priyadarsini P;Subbaiah K V (Biodiversity Conservation Div, Botany Dep, Sri Krishnadevaraya Univ, Anantapur-515 003) : Andropogon lividus (Poaceae): a new distributional record for Andhra Pradesh. J Econ Taxon Bot 2011, 35(3), 606-8.

Andropogon lividus Thw., reported as new distributional record for Andhra Pradesh. Deals with the illustrated account of the species.

1 illus, 8 ref

014161   Ravi Prasad Rao B;Madhusudhana Reddy A;Khadar Basha S;Sadasivaiah B (Conservation Ecology Div, Botany Dep, Sri Krishnadevaraya Univ, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh-515 003, Email: rao_rp@rediffmail.com) : Two endemic grasses of India: additions to flora of Andhra Pradesh. J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(2), 394-7.

Alloteropsis semialata (R. Br.) Hitch, and Arundinella nervosa (Roxb.) Nees ex Hook. & Arn., an endemic grasses to India, are reported as additions to Andhra Pradesh flora.

2 illus, 7 ref

014160   Ratheesh Narayanan M K;Sujanapal P;Dhanya C S;Kumar N A (Community Agrobiodiversity Centre, M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Puthoorvayal-673 121) : Rediscovery of Eugenia argentea bedd. (Myrtaceae) with notes on its distribution range and conservation status. J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(3), 501-4.

Eugenia argentea Bedd., a small tree endemic to Nilgiri phytogeographical region of southern Western Ghats, which was presumed to be Extinct, is recollected after a lapse of more than 140 years of its type collection. Population, distribution pattern and conservation status were assessed. Detailed description with illustration is provided.

2 illus, 10 ref

014159   Rashid A (Earth Foundation International (EFI), , Flat No. 110, Poonch House, Talab Tillo, Jammu, Email: arashid08@gmail.com) : Medicinal plant diversity utilised in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders by the Gujjar-Bakerwal tribe of district Rajouri of Jammu and Kashmir state. Indian J scient Res 2012, 3(2), 115-19.

Extensive ethnobotanical survey was carried out in District Rajour, a biodiversity rich region dominated by the Gujjar-Bakerwal tribe. District Rajouri is the part of Pir Panjal Himalayan region of Jammu And Kashmir State and the Gujjar-Bakervval tribe is the most vibrant cultural tribe of north India still practicing in nomadic life style. Gujjar-Bakerwal tribe constitute 22% of the state population and 40% population of district Rajouri. Gastrointestinal disorders are one of the most common ailments encountered by these tribal people and over the years they have developed their own indigenous system for dealing with these ailments. A total of 28 plant species belonging to 24 families were recorded from the study area being used by the Gujjar-Bakerwal tribal people and other local inhabitants. Diarrhoea, dysentery, indigestion, dyspepsia, stomach pains and vomiting were recorded as the most commonly encountered gastrointestinal disorders. Botanical identity, local name, part used and a brief preparation of the reported plant species is presented in the presnt work with a background and discussion.

1 illus, 14 ref

014158   Rao G R;Mesta D K;Subash Chandran M D; Ramachandra T V (Energy & Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, Email: cestvr@ces.iisc,ernet.in) : New plant records for Karnataka from Uttara Kannada district. J Econ Taxon Bot 2011, 35(1), 154-7.

Two sedges Fimbristylis pubisquama Kern and Schoenoplectus grossus (L.f.) Palla, and two grasses Isachne pulchella Roth ex R. & S. and Dimeria avenacea (Retz.) C. Fischer are reported from Uttara Kannada district, part of Central Western Ghats. The flora of Uttara Kannada hosts large number of endemic and interesting plant species. Recent discoveries of sedges, grasses and two critically endangered tree species (Chandran, 2008) highlight the need for making intensive efforts for locating, documenting and conservation of such species.

4 illus, 8 ref

014157   Ramarao Naidu B V A;Seetharami Reddi T V V; Prasanthi S (Botany Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam-530 003) : Folk medicine for dental disorders from Srikakulam district (Andhra Pradesh). J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(2), 429-33.

The present paper deals with the ethno-medico-botany of Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh. About 25 plant species belonging to 18 families are enumerated with knowledge of tribals of their medicinal uses in curing dental disorders. Plant part used, vernacular name, method of preparation of the drug and the doses of administration are given.

5 ref

014156   Ramachandran V S;Selvalakshmi S (Botany Dep, Bharathiar Univ, Coimbatore-641 046, Email: vsrbotany@gmail.com) : Floral diversity of Mathikettab MPCA, Tamil Nadu, with special emphasis on additions to the flora of Palani hills. J Econ Taxon Bot 2011, 35(3), 473-7.

Floristic survey was carried out in Mathikettan Medicinal Plants Conservation Areas (MPCA) during 1994-1995 which resulted in the documentation of 225 angiosperms. Perusual of the literature revealed that fifteen angiosperms are new edditions to the existing Flora of Palani Hills. Attempts were made to locate the plants like Mahonia leschenaultii (Wall, ex Wight & Arn.) Takeda ex Gamble, Anaphalis aristata DC., Valeriana hookeriana Wight & Arn., Fimbristylis ulignosa Hochst. ex Steud. which are endemic to the Southern Western Ghats. Some of the rare and endangered species located during the present study are Plectran-thus bishopianus Gamble, Hydrocotyle conferta Wight, Symplocos anamallayana Bedd, and Valeriana hookeriana Wight & Arn. Out of 225 plants listed out during the present investigation, 75 are of medicinal value.

11 ref

014155   Rakesh Kumar;Ramesh K;Pathania V;Singh B (Natural Plant Products Div, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Council of Scienti, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh-176 061, Email: rakeshkumar@inhbt.res.in) : Effect of transplanting date on growth, yield and oil quality of Tagetes minuta L. in mid hill of North-Western Himalaya. J essential Oil Bearing Pl 2012, 15(3), 405-14.

Field investigation was conducted at CSIR- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Palampur to study the effect of transplanting date on duration of phenophases, aerial biomass partitioning and essential oil productivity in wild marigold (Tagetes minutd). Tagetes crop was transplanted on six dates commencing from April 12 to June 26, 2008 at fortnightly interval. All the phenophases were hastened when the transplanting was delayed. Plant height, leaf number and branches/plant were significantly higher in the crop which was transplanted in the month of April. Dry matter accumulation in different plant parts of tagetes was significantly higher in April 26 transplanted crop. In accordance with these results, herb yield was significantly higher in the crop which was transplanted on April 26. Delay in transplanting significantly decreased essential oil content. Delay in transplanting also caused variation in composition of the oil in the stem, leaf and flower. Flowers and leaves accumulated maximum essential oil. The proportion of dihydrotagetones (39.1%) was higher in leaf oil while the presence of cis- ocimene (36.5%) and ocimenones (41.3%) in flower oil was recorded.

3 illus, 5 tables, 28 ref

014154   Rahaman C H;Pradhan B (NO, Botany Dep, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan-731 235, Email: habibur_cr@yahoo.co.in) : Study on the ethnomedicinal uses of plants by the tribal people of Birbhum district, West Bengal. J Econ Taxon Bot 2011, 35(3), 529-34.

Present study is a preliminary report on ethnomedicinal uses of some plants by the tribal people of the district Birbhum, West Bengal, India. Present investigation includes the observations on the ethniomedicinal uses of some plants including their local and tribal names, parts used, mode of administration, rarity and abundance in the district. Altogether 30 plants were recorded which are used by the tribals in formulation of 14 different ethnomedicinal preparations for curing 14 different types of diseases and ailments. Many of these ethnomedicinal preparations are new as they have not been recorded in earlier literatures.

3 tables, 23 ref

014153   Prasad V P (Indian Botanical Liaison Offer, Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK, Email: prasad_parur@yahoo.com) : Extended distributing of Kyllinga brevifolia var. stellulata (J.V. Suringar) Ohwi (Cyperaceae) in India. J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(3), 586-7.

1 ref

014152   Prasad K;Suresh Babu M;Sadasivaiah B;Ravi Prasad Rao B (Biodiversity Conservation Div, Botany Dep, Sri Krishnadevaraya Univ, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh-515 003, Email: rao_rp@rediffmail.com) : Two species of Liparis L.C. richard (Orchidaceae), new distributional records to Andhra Pradesh, India. J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(3), 514-6.

Liparis nervosa (Thunb.) Lindl. and L. paradoxa (Lindl.) Reichb.f., collected in Seshachalam hills of Southern Eastern Ghats, are being reported as new distributional records for Andhra Pradesh. Brief description, phenology, distribution pattern and photographs are provided for both the taxa.

1 illus, 7 ref

014151   Pradheep K (NO, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources Regional Station, Phagli, Shimla-171 004, Email: hort_pradheep@yahoo.co.in) : How can meaning of botanical names help an agricultural scientist?. J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(2), 419-28.

Initiative has been made to unearth the possible application of understanding the meaning underlying botanical names from the agriculturist point of view. About 40 generic names, 282 epithets and 30 root words were picked up for their use in preliminary screening of economic plants and other agricultural applications. Epithets signifying ornamental (133), medicinal and aromatic (29) and gum and resin value (28) exist in higher number. Its other potential agricultural applications include plant identification, finding out region of their occurrence, identifying the presence of variation, understanding reproductive characteristics, plant geography etc, which are detailed in this paper. Some constraints in their practical application are also narrated. It is suggested that these hints needs to be followed by scientific initiatives which only make their agricultural application complete.

1 table, 13 ref

014150   Paul T K (Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India, Howrah-711 103, Email: paul_tk@rediffmail.com) : Contribution to the study of chenopodiaceae in West Bengal. J Econ Taxon Bot 2011, 35(1), 56-62.

Deals with the taxonomic studies on the family Chenopodiaceae in West Bengal State. 8 genera, 11 species and 1 variety are found to grow in this State. The genera, viz. Arthrocnemum, Salicornia and Suaeda comprising of total 5 halophytic species grow in the coastal areas of the State. The species of the genera, viz. Atriplex, Beta and Spinacia are cultivated.

014149   Pathma J;Rahul G R;Kamaraj K R;Subashri R; Sakthivel N (Biotechnology Dep, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet-605 014, Email: puns2005@gmail.com) : Secondary metabolite production by bacterial antagonists. J biol Control 2011, 25(3), 165-81.

Secondary metabolites are low molecular weight compounds, less than 2.5 KDa produced during the idiophase of bacterial growth. Bacteria belonging to Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Streptomyces are prolific producers of secondary metabolites that include a wide array of naturally produced compounds viz., peptides, polypeptides, cyclic lipopeptides, polyketides, pyrroles, phenazines, phloroglucinols, lantibiotics, bacteriocins, lactones, macrolactone, anthracyclines, alkaloids, quinones, polyenes, pyrone, quinolones, isoquinoline, aminoglycosides, macrolides, bithiazoles, isocoumarins, aminosugars, phospholipids, siderophores and volatiles. These metabolites exhibit remarkable antimicrobial, plant growth regulatory, plant enzyme inhibitory, herbicidal, insecticidal and anti-parasitic properties. All these biological properties paved way for the use of these secondary metabolites as biocontrol agents in agriculture. Use of microbial antagonists and their secondary metabolites in agriculture in the place of agrochemicals could alleviate pollution hazard.

014148   Patel P K;Prajapati N K;Dubey B K (Pharmacology Dep, T.I.T. College of Pharmacy, Anand Nagar, Bhopal-462 021) : Madhuca indica: a review of its medicinal property. Int J pharm Sci Res 2012, 3(5), 1285-93.

Medicines obtained from plant source are known as an herbal medicine, and the herbal medicine are one which make human healthy without causing any of harmful effect. Madhuca Indica is a plant of Indian origin having tremendous therapeutic potential but is not fully utilized. It is hidden from the eyes of the researchers and other botanist. Madhuca Indica has several pharmacological activity, and potential to provide health to the society. It is used as Anti diabetic, antiulcer, hepato protective, anti pyretic, anti fertility, analgesic, anti oxidant, swelling, inflammation, piles, emetic, dermatological, laxative, tonic, anti burn, anti earth worm, wound healing headache and many more problems. Here is a misconception about mahua tree that it is used as liquor and harmful for health, but this is what after the fermentation process, so the review deals with the general and chemical profile of Madhuca Indica and its economic importance including medicinal and other uses, and tried to emphasize the most potent activity.

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014147   Parmar D (NO, Govt. P.G. College, Madhya Pradesh, Email: dollyparmar185@gmail.com) : Innovative approach for assessing sustainability of medicinal plant-Plumbago zeylanica Linn.. J Econ Taxon Bot 2011, 35(2), 354-63.

Less known medicinal plants were studies in Bhopal and Sehore districts to suggest appropriate strategies for research development and sustainable management. The study area was rich in medicinal plants but due to their extensive uses and more requirements, these are over-exploited. An innovative approach has been developed to assess the status of medicinal plants, including Plumbago zeylanica. The approach comprise of six categories and 25 parameters, viz. habitat (5 parameters), ecology (3 parameters), biology (6 parameters), use/trade (3 parameters), collection (4 parameters), and legal & institutional (4 parameters). These were developed after study of relevant literature, discussion with the knowledgeable persons and field situation in the study area. All the parameters have been ranked into three scoring levels namely low, medium and high with scoring of 1, 2 and 4 marks. Each of the species, was studied and ranked according to these parameters. Based on these considerations detailed studies were made on the Plumbago zeylanica Linn. The primary source of data was field observations on the selected species and interviewing the stakeholders' i.e. herbal practitioners, primary collectors, dealers and manufacturers. Attempts were made to know the degradation of natural habitats, biotic disturbances and exploitation. Plumbago zeylanica scored minimum marks (38.6%) which indicate its rareness in the area and over exploitation. Attempts have been made to suggest strategy for the conservation and sustainable utilization. Suggestions given for training to build capacity of primary collectors.

2 tables, 12 ref