000298   Rozario A D;Bera S;Mukhopadhyay R (Dep of Bot, Narasinha Dutt Coll, Howrah-711 101, Email: subirbera@rediffmail.com ) : Internal morphology of aphlebiae-like structures in Dennstaedtia scabra (Wall. Ex Hook) moore from Sikkim, India. Phytomorphology 2005, 55(3-4), 185-90.

Aphlebiae-like structures reported earlier in Dennstaedtia scabra (Wall, ex Hook.) Moore from Sikkim, developing young sporophytes viviparously, have been studied for anatomical details. Anatomical observation revealed the presence of vascular tissues within these aphlebiae-like structures, which are not continuous with that of the mother plant. Instead, some brown coloured tanniferous cells are present connecting the aphlebiae-like structures with the mother plant. As such, they are easily detachable from the mother plant and serve as propagules especially in an ecologically disadvantageous condition of high altitudes of Sikkim.

2 illus, 12 ref

000297   Remashree A B;Jayanthi A;Thushar K V; Ravindran P N;Balachandran I (NO, Cent for Medicinal Plants Res (CMPR), Arya Vaidya Sala, Kottakkal-676 503, Email: avscmpr@yahoo.co.in) : Anatomy of Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr a critically endangered medicinal plant from western ghats. Phytomorphology 2005, 55(3-4), 249-58.

Coscinium fenestratitm is a critically endangered medicinal liana found in Western Ghats of India. The stem is used as the raw drug 'daruharidra' in Ayurveda. Detailed anatomical studies of the stem showed the anomalous secondary growth and presence of fibres in the medullary rays. Powder and maceration studies of the raw drug showed special types of stone cells and inclusions. Dimensions and features of tracheids, vessel elements, fibers, axial parenchyma and f/v ratios were studied. The width of vessel increases gradually from the center towards the periphery of the stem. Diagnostic features for the identification and floor level checking of the raw drug have been indicated.

2 illus, 1 table, 35 ref

000296   Reeth P M;Shivamurthy G R (Dep of Stud in Bot, Mysore Univ, Manasagangotri, Mysore-570 006, Email: grs@botany.uni-mysore.ac.in) : Method to overcome the exudation of phenols in Nyctanthes Arbor-tristis L. during in vitro mass propagation. Phytomorphology 2005, 55(3-4), 283-8.

Exudation of phenolic compounds from the exposed cut ends of N. arbor-trtstis L. was maximum in the explant taken from the apical portion of the shoot than the basal and middle portion of the branch. Further the use of PVP and activated charcoal in the culture media was not helpful in solving the problems of phenols. The problem of exudation of phenols and their interference in callus induction and morphogenesis could be effectively overcome by frequent sub-culturing and treating the explants by soaking in 0.1 mg/l Citric acid.

1 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

000295   Rathor O S (P G Dep of Bot, Sci Coll, Nanded - 431 605) : Pittosporum dasycaulon Miq - a new record for Marathwada. Bioinfolet 2006, 3(2), 140-1.

Pittosporum dasycaulon Miq. (Pittosporaceae) known as a rare plant in Maharashtra was reported from Marathwada.

1 illus, 6 ref

000294   Ramana Rao T V;Dave Y (Dep of Biosci, Sardar Patel Univ, Vallabh Vidyanagar-388 120, Email: tadapanenirao@yahoo.com) : Histo-architectural analysis in relation to fruit development in Gossypium hirsutum L.. Phytomorphology 2005, 55(3-4), 233-40.

Capsular fruit of Gossypium hirsutum develops from a 3 to 5 celled, globose, syncarpous and superior ovary. The 36 to 38 cells thick ovary wall differentiates into outer epidermis, mesoderm and inner epidermis. The outer epidermis of ovary wall forms the epicarp of developing fruit. Besides enlargement and or elongation and vacuolation in epicarpic cells, the deposition of thick and corrugated cuticle also occurs on the outer tangential walls of maturing epicarpic cells. The mesocarp, which is of 33 to 40 cell layers thick, further differentiates into outer, middle and inner strata. While the outer and inner strata comprise radially elongated cells, the spherical or polygonal cells constitute the middle stratum of mesocarp. Due to periclinal divisions in the inner epidermal cells of young fruit, endocarp becomes five or six layered and its cells eventually transform into fibers. The splitting of thin walled cells in radial strands of mid - carpel zone and formation of cleavage in the central column cause loculicidal and columnicidal dehiscence in the ripe capsule of G. hirsutum.

3 illus, 10 ref

000293   Raina P K (Div of Pl Path, SKUAST-J, Udheywalla, Jammu) : In vitro fungitoxicity of Citrus sinensis essential oil to compost based weed-fungi of agaricus bisporus. Mushroom Res 2004, 13(2), 82-3.

Essential oil of Citrus sinensis showed strong antifungal activity against several weed-fungi of mushroom compost and proved non-fungitoxic to mushroom mycelium. Its fungitoxic nature was not affected on autoclaving.

1 table, 6 ref

000292   Pradeep C K;Vrinda K B (NO, Trop Botanic Garden and Res Inst, Pacha, Thiruvananthapuram-695 562) : New records of Pluteus Fr. from Kerala. Mushroom Res 2004, 14(1), 1-4.

Three species of Pluteus Fr. viz., Pluteus pulverulentus, Pluteus fusconigricans and Pluteus podospileus, of section Celluloderma are described, illustrated and discussed. All the three species constitute new record from India.

3 illus, 9 ref

000291   Pillay S V (Pl Physiol Lab Dep of Bot, P.G.College of Sci, Saifabad O.U., Hyderabad-500 004) : (NULL). Bioinfolet 2006, 3(2), 130-2.

Variation in the different metabolites as affected by copper and zinc treatments to the soil were investigated in Hyptis suaveolens (L) Point and Helianthus annuus L. Higher levels of copper and zinc decreased the DNA and RNA contents in Hyptis. In both plants, reduction in soluble and protein nitrogen contents was observed. Increases in reducing sugars and starch were noted in both copper and zinc treated plants; the increase was higher in Hyptis than in sunflower.

1 table, 9 ref

000290   patil m B;Ramaiah P V (Cent for Post Grad Stud & Res in Bot, G.T.P.College Campus, Nandurbar - 425 412) : Clinical scrutiny of leaves of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) of known anti-diabetic potential. Bioinfolet 2006, 3(2), 133-5.

Extracts prepared from dried leaves of Moringa oleifera L. were evaluated for their hypoglycaemic activity in normal rabbits fed with glucose. Acetone extract exhibited significant hypoglycaemic activity (P<60>0.025). Methanol extract also showed hypoglycaemic activity, but, it was not significant. All other salvent extracts failed to reduce the blood glucose level.

1 table, 9 ref

000289   Mulla R M;Dave Y;Kazi B A (Dep of Biosci, Sardar Patel Univ Vallabh, Vidyanagar-388 120, Email: kazibhai2003@yahoo.com) : Structure and development of the pericarps of Cestrum diurnum and Cestrum nocturnum. Phytomorphology 2005, 55(3-4), 203-10.

Structural details of the developing fruits of Cestrum dinrnum L. and C. nocturnum L. has been discussed. The ovary wails of Cestrums are multi layered and each one is composed of single-layered outer epidermis, which forms the epicarp, 5 to 1 cells thick mesoderm, which constitutes the mesocarp, and a single-layered inner epidermis that develops into the endocarp. The outer epidermis bears anomocytic and cyclocytic types of stomata and apertures with ledges, but is devoid of trichomes. The epicarpic cells of developing fruit get deposition of a thick and corrugated cuticle on their outer tangential walls. The parenchymatous mesodermal cells embed traces of undifferentiated vascular strands. The inner epidermis possesses neither stomata nor trichomes. In the mature fruit, the epicarpic, mesocarpic and endocarpic cells elongate, enlarge and vaculolate. Certain cells of all these layers are transformed into sclereids. The endocarp possesses neither stomata nor trichomes.

2 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

000288   Mandal D K;Ray S;Kar R K (Dep of Bot, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan-731 235, Email: ray_samit1@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of temperature and different germination modulators on oospore germination in Chara corallina Klein Ex Willd (charales). Phytomorphology 2005, 55(3-4), 157-63.

Pospores are the resultant product of sexual reproduction in Charales. When mature they are shed from the main plant and remain embedded at the muddy substratum of the aquatic habitat and germinate after a long dormant period. Study was undertaken with the oospores of Chara corallina to break dormancy and enhance germination process. Dormancy period of Chara corallina was found to be 210 days. To achieve these goals the mature oospores were treated with cold temperature (4°C) and different germination modulators (GA₃, KNO₃ and Coumarin) under different pretreatment periods (15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days). Cold temperature was given both under dry and wet conditions. Pretreated and surface sterilized oospores were inoculated in 0.7% agar medium aseptically and were kept at 20°C and 19μmol m^-2 s^-1 light intensity. All the treatments evidently break dormancy during the study. Only cold temperature treatment breaks dormancy but the germination percentage is low. GA₃ had the best effect at room temperature. Pretreatment with 2.5 mM KNO₃ achieved 49% germination. However, pretreatment with KNO₃ and cold temperature (4°C) has an antagonistic effect on germination. When a batch of oospores is pretreated separately in cold temperature and KNO₃ the germination process was augmented. Maximum germination percentage (75%) was achieved when the oospores were pretreated for 15 days at 4°C followed by 15 days in 2.5 mM KNO₃ solution at room temperature.

2 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

000287   Krishnamoorthy A S;Thiribhuvanamala G;Shanthi K;Marimuthu T (Mushroom Res Laboratory. Dep of Pl Path, Tamil Nadu Agric Univ, Coimbatore-641 003, Email: milkmush@rediffmail.com) : Outdoor cultivation of paddy straw mushroom as inter-crop in maize field. Mushroom Res 2004, 14(1), 9-12.

New approach for outdoor cultivation of paddy straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) was experimented in maize based cropping system. The results of the trials conducted in two seasons (June and October) during 2003-04 revealed the possibility of introducing V. volvacea as an intercrop in maize field. Mushroom beds with paddy straw substrate were laid out in the inter-row spaces of irrigated maize 30 days after sowing. An average yield of 1.734 kg/bed was obtained in 15 days (8.75% B.E). The cost: benefit ratio worked out to 1:2.41.

1 illus, 3 tables, 9 ref

000286   Kotwal N;Tyagi M P;Bhanot J P (Dep of Agric Ent, C.C.R.(PG) Coll, Muzaffarnagar-251 001) : Study of infestation of Lohita grandis Gray with special reference to infested plants with appoximate loss, mode of infestation and attacking period. J Nat Conserv 2005, 17(1), 193-6.

The paper include the infested plant with approximate loss, mode of infestation and attacking period of Lohita grandis Gray. Lohita grandis infests gregariously the seeds, leaves, flowers, bark and fruits of their host plants and causes approximate loss ranging from 13 to 47%. Mode of infestation is completed in two phases (i) Piercing and (ii) Sucking. Attacking period is recorded from March to October and diapause's period from November to February.

5 ref

000285   Gurinder Pal kaur;Bhardwaj B L;Gosal S S (Dep of plant Breed Genet and Biotechnol, Punjab Agric Univ, Ludhiana) : Induction of somatic embryogenesis and efficient plant regeneration in Trifolium alexandrinum L.. Crop Improv 2005, 32(21), 1-6.

Calli were induced from root, hypocotyl and cotyledon explants of two berseem cultivars BL-1 and Wardan. For cultivar Wardan MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (2 mg1^-1) and kin (0.5 mg1^-1) was found to be the most appropriate and hypocotyl gave maximum response while for cultivar BL-1, MS culture medium supplemented with 2,4-d (2 mg1^-1), NAA (2 mg1^-1) and Kin (1 mg1^-1) was found to be the most suitable for root explants with 100 percent callus induction. Calli were subcultured on six different differentiation media for induction of somatic embryogenesis. Green somatic structures developed after 6-8 weeks of subculturing. Cotyledon derived calli differentiated better as compared to hypocotyl derived calli. Maximum differentiation (53.33%) was observed on MS+Kin (2 mg1^-1) medium from cotyledon derived calli of variety BL-1. these differentiated green structures were then transferred to regeneration media. Maximum shoot regeneration was achieved on MS medium supplemented with kin (2 mg1^-1) and NAA (0.5 mg1^-1).

4 tables, 10 ref

000284   Ghosh R;Bera S;Chakraborty S;Chattopadhyay R K;Banerjee M (Dep of Bot, Univ of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700 019, Email: manjubanerjeecu@yahoo.co.in) : Significance of study of phytoliths in understanding vegetational pattern in an archaeological site of West Bengal, India. Phytomorphology 2005, 55(3-4), 221-32.

Phytoliths of poaceous origin with diverse shapes and sizes are recovered from C¹⁴ dated sedimentary layers of an archaeological site at Pakhanna, district Bankura, West Bengal, India. The data accumulated on phytolims assigned to subfamilies and genera are utilized to explore human-plant relationship in the contemporary time. Among the phytoliths of panicoid, chloridoid, festucoid types, panicoid type of phytoliths are frequent in the assemblages recorded from sediments of 3320±400-2110±340 years BP (Before Present). Phytoliths similar to that of the leaf phytoliths of modern maize plants occur in highest frequency in the assemblages. Considering the global data, particularly records on the earliest cultivation of Zea mays L. in India not until 1500 AD, the phytoliths of the present collection are tentatively identified cf. Zea sp. till confirmed with the data of cob phytolith. From the data obtained, it appears that the area had a cover of rich vegetation of a tropical humid grassy land. The grassy land was primarily dominated by the panicoid grasses in association with chloridoid and festucoid grasses. The climate and ecology of the area have remained almost unchanged during last ca. 3500 years.

3 illus, 2 tables, 26 ref

000283   Ganguly G;Mukhopadhyay R (Pteridology Lab Dep of Bot, Univ of Burdwan, Burdwan-713 104, Email: rnm13351@yahoo.com) : In vitro study on gametophyte development of Hypolepis alpina (Bl.) Hook. Phytomorphology 2005, 55(3-4), 179-84.

Development of gametophyte in Hypolepis alpina is of Adiantum type'. Germination occurs 34 to 40 days after sowing of spores. Prothalli showed a long initial archegonial phase followed by hermaphroditic stage but do not become antheridiate in the final stage. It may be considered as a variant new type from the previously reported types by earlier authors. This variant type is described here as 'type G'. This type of sequence of gametangial development indicates tendency of outbreeding at the early phase and inbreeding in the later stages.

2 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

000282   Ganguly G;Banerjee R;Mukhopadhyay R (Pteridology Lab Dep of Bot, Univ of Burdwan, Burdwan-713 104, Email: rnm13351@yahoo.com) : New record of Drypteris redactopinnata Basu Et Panigr. from Meghalaya state, India. Phytomorphology 2005, 55(3-4), 303-5.

Dryopteris redactopinnata Basu et Panigr. belonging to the family Dryopteridaceae Adanson. reported for the first time from Mousinram of Meghalaya state.

1 illus, 5 ref

000281   Gaikwad K N;Saler R S (P.G. Dep of Bot, K T H M Coll, Nashik - 422 002) : Algal technology - its effectiveness through different communication modes on yield and adoption by rice producing farmers in tribal area of Nashik district. Bioinfolet 2006, 3(2), 117-20.

Rice (Oryza sativa L) is the main cereal crop of tribal people of western part of Nashik district. There is a wide fluctuation in yield due to the factors like uncertain rains, pest diseases, socio-economic status of farmers, lack of awareness and traditional knowledge of farmers about agro-practices. In order to achieve more yield it is a need to adopt low cost, eco-friendly blue green algal (BGA) biofertiliser technology. Communication of useful information is a basic need. Different communication modes of paddy technologies, adoption about BGA technology, attitudinal changes of farmers and yield of rice during 2003 and 2004 have been reported. The results indicate that there is significant effect of communication modes of improved BGA technology on rice yield.

3 tables, 16 ref

000280   Debnath S;Mandal P K;Das P K (Dep of Genet, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, P.O. Krishiviswavidyalaya (Mohanpore) Nadia-741 252) : Reproductive characters of some medicinally important plants of Labiatae. Indian Biol 0205, (NULL), 15-21.

A detail reproductive profile with special reference to pollens was examined in 5 medicinally important plant species of Labiatae such as Leonurus sibiricus, Leucas aspera, Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum sanctum, Ocimum gratissimum. Terminal mixed type of inflorescence was observed in 3 species of Ocimum while it was verticillester type in L. sibiricus and L. aspera. The inflorescence emitted a characteristic aroma with different intensity. L. sibiricus recorded largest inflorescence stalk with maximum number of flowers but flower density per unit length of inflorescence was relatively less. On the other hand, O.gratissimum exhibitted flower density more than 9 suggesting more flower production per unit length of inflorescence. L. aspera demonstrated minimum flower density. Three Ocimum spp. with variable flower size and colour were distinctly different from each other in inflorescence character. The flowering commenced from bottom to top. However, in O.basilicum flowers bloomed bottom to top, but not in a sequential manner. The protandry nature of Ocimum spp. was commonly observed. Three Ocimum spp. had smaller didynamous stamen than either L.sibiricus or L. aspera. In general, long stamen pair recorded bigger anther, but this trend was not observed for short stamen pair, sanctum with shorter stamen pair produced bigger anther. The 5 species without exception displayed bifid stigma. O. basilicum had curved bifid stigma of smaller size, a unique characteristic feature of this species. The ovary of these species was 4 chambered and L.sibiricus had the smaller ovary. Pollens were globose in all the 5 spp. The three spp. of Ocimum displayed much similarity in pollen ornamentation. Their pollens had 6 distinct pores as against three in L. sibiricus and L. aspera. Among the Ocimum species, O. gratissimum pollen was the largest. The aspera pollen was the smallest as compared to others. These five spp revealed more than 90% pollen fertility. Because of protandry, Ocimum spp. promote cross pollination. The genetic purity of Ocimum spp.would be difficult to maintain. Nevertheless, O.gratissimum would likely to exhibit superior genetic fitness in terms of seed production as it recorded relatively high flower density per inflorescence as well pollen fertility as high as more than 90 per cent.

1 illus, 3 tables, 6 ref

000279   Dave Y;Ramana Rao T V;Patel K G (Dep of Biosci, Sardar Patel Univ Vallabh, Vidyanaear-388 120, Email: tadapanenirao@yahoo.com) : Are there real extra-floral nectaries in pedaliaceae. Phytomorphology 2005, 55(3-4), 195-202.

A developmental and anatomical study has been carried out to elucidate the real nature of those structures, which are described either as glands or extra-floral nectaries in Pedaliaceae. In Sesamum indicum L. they are stalked, while in Pedalium murex L. they are sessile structures. Developmental study clearly showed that there are three flowers in the cymose cluster with a normal central flower and the two lateral retarded flowers which sometimes develop as normal ones. Further, the anatomy of the flowering shoot (reproductive shoot apex) also revealed the vascular relationships of the axis, central flower, bracts, lateral flowers and the accessory bud with its prophylls. Thus, by utilizing the bewildering histological features observed in the presently worked out two species of Pedaliaceae, an attempt has been made to remove the ambiguity regarding the terminology of the so called glandular or nectary like structures in the family Pedaliaceae.

3 illus, 15 ref

000278   Chauhan S V S (Dep of Bot, Sch of Life Sci Dr B.R. Ambedkar Univ, Agra-282 002, Email: svs250@rediffmail.com) : Morphological and biochemical studies of cytoplasmlc male sterile lines of sugar beet of different background. Phytomorphology 2005, 55(3-4), 133-42.

Morphological (LM & SEM) and biochemical studies in some cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines of various origins in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) revealed association of pollen abortion with tapetal malfunctioning of various types namely, tapetal hypertrophy of belt, balloon and hill types and formation of pseudo-periplasmodium at early vacuolate pollen stage. Further development of anther was arrested at this stage as both the pollen and tapetum degenerated. The anthers of CMS lines were indehiscent due to the absence of characteristic thickenings on the radial walls of cells in the endothecial layer. The study on the profile of isozymes of peroxidases, esterases and acid phosphatase has also revealed differences between male fertile and CMS lines. Isozymes of peroxidases in mature anthers of CMS lines were high. On the other hand, isoesterase and acid phosphatase profile in the anthers of CMS lines was low.

3 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

000277   Chauhan N;Roy P S;Jagdale R P (Dep of Space, Indian Inst of Remote Sens (NRSA), 4, Kalidas Road, Dehradun-248 001) : Amorphophallus longistylus Kurz: An endemic, rare and threatened species from Baratang Islands. Cheetal 2006, 42(3-4), 49-52.

1 illus, 2 tables 4 ref

000276   Chakravarty S;Naik M L (Dep of Bot, Govt. C'Garh Coll, Raipur 492 001) : Chlorococcales of Raipur city. Bioinfolet 2006, 3(2), 95-9.

Taxonomic survey of the Chorococcales in six ponds of Raipur city was carried out for one year. Samples were gathered monthly during the period of January to December 2003. Seasonal variation was observed in the density of chlorococcalean algae in different ponds.

2 tables, 11 ref

000275   Bhattacharyya K (Dep of Bot, The Univ of Calcutta, Kolkata-700 019) : Flowering in the leafless plants and the parasites. Indian Biol 0205, (NULL), 23-6.

Flowering in the parasitic plant is independent of the flowering of their hosts. Flowering time in the green leafless plants and the saprophytes are also determined by their genetic make-ups.

2 tables, 22 ref

000274   Bhardwaj K R;Gulia R;Yadav O P (Bot Dep, M.L.N. Coll, Yamuna Nagar-135 001) : Biodiversity conservation strategies for medicinal and aromatic plants: an appraisal of present status and development needs. Eco Res J Biosci 2006, 5(1), 83-93.

Status of biodiversity conservation strategies for medicinal and aromatic plants (MAP) has been presented. India is rich in its biodiversity due to different types of lands, habitats and diverse climatic as well as topographic conditions. It comprises 16 different climatic zones, 10 vegetation zones, 25 biotic provinces, 426 habitats, 2 hotspots and one megadiversity centre. Out of 5-30 million of living forms known on the earth, 1.75 million are identified. Survey of literature revealed that 7500 plant species are ethnomedicinal, 3500 species have direct medicinal value while 1700 species are used in Ayurveda and other 1350 plants species contributed in the field of Siddha, homoepathy and Yunani. Besides 1300 aromatic plant species are also recorded for various uses. MAPs can be conserved and protected by adopting complementary approach of in-situ and ex-situ strategies. In-situ conservation strategy consisting of 14 bioreserves, a network of 54 medicinal conservation areas of peninsular India, 89 national parks and 448 wild life sanctuaries. Under ex-situ approach four national gene banks and network of 344 Botanical gardens are established for the conservation of more than 3000 genotypes of MAPs in the country.

^ssc5 tables, 11 ref

000273   Attri L K;Bhanwra R K;Nayyar H;Vij S P (Dep of Bot, Panjab Univ, Chandigarh-160 014, Email: nayarbot@pu.ac.in) : Pollination related changes in the development of female gametophyte in Cymbidium pendulum (Roxb.) Sw. (Orchidaceae). Phytomorphology 2005, 55(3-4), 297-302.

In Cymbidium pendulum (Roxb.) Sw., an important ornamental orchid, post-pollination induced developmental changes in perianth, megasporogenesis and female gametophyte were examined in relation to time. The pollen grains germinate 24 hr after pollination. The pollen tubes grow through the loose tissue lining the central canal of the column and reach its base 10 days after pollination. The three placental ridges of ovary show meristematic activity at 2 days after pollination. Their ultimate branches form ovule primordia at 26 days after pollination. A hypodermal archesporial cell differentiates at this stage that directly acts as a megaspore mother cell. It undergoes meiosis at 42 days after pollination and the chalazal dyad cell forms an Allium type of embryo sac at 54 days after pollination.

3 illus, 20 ref

000272   Akhilesh Kumar;Tewari D D;Sharma R;Pandey V C (Dep of Bot, M.L.K.(P.G.) Coll, Balrampur (U.P)) : Practices of folkphytoveterinary in Devipatan division, Uttar Pradesh, India. J Nat Conserv 2005, 17(1), 153-61.

Devipatn division, a large number of plants/plant products and animal/animal products are used for the treatment of domesticated animals by the Tharu tribe. Communication deals with 61 folk-therapeutic uses of 51 plants species belonging to 30 families used by the Tharu tribe of Devipatan division. Plants are used in ailments and diseases like cough, cold, fever, diarrhoea, foot and mouth diseases, lack of estruss, wounds due to heavy load & plough, decreased milk production, physical debility and weakness etc. in the form of paste, powder, extract and decoction etc.

12 ref

008133   Zote S;Lalramnghinglova H;Deori C;Phukan S J (Forest Ecology Dep, Biodiversity & Environmental Sciences, Mizoram Univ, Tanhril-796 009) : Recollection of Eria lacei Summerh (Orchidaceae) from Mizoram, India. J Orchid Soc India 2009, 23(1-2), 99-101.

Eria lacei Summerh. has been recollected after 69 years from Mizoram, India. The speces is photographed in its natural habitat and illustrated based upon present collection.

2 illus, 4 ref

008132   Zote S;Lalramnghinglova H;Deori C (Forest Ecology Dep, Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, Mizoram Univ, Tanhril-796 009) : Dendrobium salaccense (BL) Lindl (Orchidaceae) from Mizoram: a new record for India. J Orchid Soc India 2009, 23(1-2), 91-2.

A new record to India, Dendrobium salaccense (Bl.) Lindl. (Orchidaceae) has been described from Mizoram. A detailed description, illustration and distribution has been provided.

2 illus, 2 ref

008131   Verma J;Sembi J K;Thakur K;Pathak P;Vij S P (Botany Dep, SILB, Solan-173 212) : Epiphytic orchids in Himachal Pradesh. J Orchid Soc India 2009, 23(1-2), 49-61.

Epiphytic orchids are represented by ten species, Aerides multiflora Roxb., Dendrobium amoenum Lindl., Eria alba Lindl., Gastrochilus calceolaris (Buch.-Ham. ex Sm.) D. Don, Luisia zeylanica Lindl., Pholidota articulata Lindl., Rhynchostylis retusa Bl., Thunia bracteata (tab.) Schltr., Vanda cristata Lindl., and V. testacea (Lindl.) Reichb. f. in Himachal Pradesh. Besides brief description, this paper deals with distribution pattern and host preferences of these species in the state. Factors threatening their survival have been identified and conservation measures suggested.

2 illus, 1 table, 37 ref

008130   Tembhurne R R;Nanir S P (NO, Sangola College, Sangola Dist., Solapur-413 004, Email: ramesh_tembhurne@rediffmail.com) : Myxomycetes of south east of Maharashtra (India). Bionano Front 2011, 4(1), 139-41.

During the floristic study of the myxomycetes of this region author come across a number myxomycetous species. In the first paper of this study ten species of myxomycetes are being discussed. Ceratiomyxa Schroeter, Licea Scradr, Dictydium Sehradr, Lycogala Adams and Fuligo Haller, are being reported with one species each and Trichia Haller, Hemitrichia Rost, and Badhamia Berk being discussed with two species each. All species are being reported for the first time from this region.

13 ref

008129   Sihag R C;Wadhwa N (Laboratory of Bee Behaviour & Pollination Ecology, Zoology & Aquacultu, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, Email: sihagrc@rediffmail.com) : Floral and reproductive biology of sarpagandha Rauvolfia serpentina (Gentianales: Apocynaceae) in semi-arid environment of India. J Threatened Taxa 2011, 3(1), 1432-6.

Sarpagandha plant Rauvolfia serpentina (Linn.) Benth., ex Kurz bears small, tubular white to pinkish flowers with gamopetalous corolla, containing nectar deep at the base of the corolla tube. Psychophilous mode of pollination appears to be prevalent. Flowering occurs during two summer months. Anthesis takes place in the morning when atmospheric temperature ranges from 25-29 °C, and anther dehiscence from 28-31 0C. Flower longevity is for a little more than two days. Nectar is produced on both the days of flower opening, and over a wide range of ambient temperature (29-44 °C). Flowers are protogynous preventing selfing. Pollen viability and stigmatic receptivity are for a short duration. When compared with the `absolute reproductive potential', the `realized reproductive potential' is very low.

008128   Shinde A B;Hallale B V (NO, Sharda Mahavidyalaya, Parbhani) : Effect of introgen sources on the growth of Fusarium oxysporium f.sp. carthami. Bionano Front 2011, 4(1), 150-1.

The growth of pathogen i.e. Fusarium oxyspontm f.sp, carthami causing wilt disease of Safflower. In presences of different nitrogen containing Organic sources like Leucine, Cystine and urea along with different nitrogen containing Inorganic sources viz. Potassium nitrate (KNO₃), Ammonium sulphate (NH)₂SO₄, Ammonium nitrate (NH₄)₂NO₃, magnessium nitrate (MgNO₃) was studied. The concentration of both the nitrogen sources used for the study was 0.25 per cent. The nutritional requirement of the pathogen for different nitrogen sources was different. Some nitrogen sources stimulated the growth of the pathogen and some sources are best for sporulation. It is observed that inorganic sources of nitrogen were superior over organic sources of nitrogen for growth and sporulation. Among the organic nitrogen sources urea is best source of nitrogen for growth, followed by Cystine and Leucine and among inorganic nitrogen sources M_gNO₃ were found to be the best source of nitrogen followed by KNO3. For the growth and sporulation of Fusarium oxysporium f.sp, carthami whereas among inorganic source of nitrogen, with respect of production of conidia was totally absent in (NH₄)SO₄.

1 illus, 1 table, 77 ref

008127   Shadang R;Dwivedi P;Hegde S N (Botany Dep, Rajiv Gandhi Univ, Itanagar-791 111) : Regeneration competence of Hygrochilus parishii inflorescence segments and axillary buds: a study in vitro. J Orchid Soc India 2009, 23(1-2), 75-8.

Deals with the regeneration response of axillary bud and inflorescence segment derived Hygrochilus parishii explants in vitro. The floral buds and inflorescence segments with or without nodal regions yielded a rich crop of Plbs when cultured in VW medium supplemented with CM and/or Kn. Shoot bud production was optimized in BAP (0,5mg^-1) treated axillary bud cultures maintained on 1/2 MS medium.

6 illus, 4 tables, 7 ref

008126   Sen Roy S;Barman N;Pal R (Botany Dep, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700 019, Email: rpalcu@rediffmail.com) : Stress induced changes in total lipid and fatty acid composition of Navicula minima Grun. J Bot Soc Bengal 2009, 63(1), 47-51.

Fatty acid content of Navicula minima was estimated from different experimental conditions and correlated with growth pattem Stress conditions were induced by adding twice the normal amount NaCl and NaNO₃ to the medium. Total lipid content increased by 3 fold in salinity stress and 2 fold in nitrate stress. Gas chromatographic analysis showed dominance of Capry lie (8:0) and Lauric (12:0) acids in normal condition whereas under salinity stress, Capric acid (10:0) synthesis was increased significantly but caprylic acid (8:0) was not detected. In nitrate stress, caprylic acid synthesis was increased with a decrease in Lauric (12:0) acid biosynthesis.

6 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

008125   Saha A K;Bhattacharya S (Botany Dep, M.B.B. College, Agartala, Email: aks.58@rediffmail.com) : Effect of chlorocid and monocid on carbohydrate and protein contents in roots of Allium cepa L.. J Bot Soc Bengal 2009, 63(1), 69-71.

Present work had been carried out to study the effect of two commonly used insecticides Chlorocid (Chloropyriphos 35 EC) and Monocid (Monocrotophos 36% EC) in roots of Allium cepa at biochemical level. The total carbohydrate and protein contents were estimated from the roots after treatment with these two insecticides at five different concentrations. Experimental results exhibited an increase in carbohydrate and protein contents with increasing concentration levels of both the insecticides. However, variation was more marked in case of Monocid treated samples for both carbohydrate and protein contents. Variation in carbohydrate and protein contents induced by different concentration levels of two selected insecticides was statistically significant.

3 tables, 11 ref

008124   Saha A K;Bhattacharya S (Botany Dep, M.B.B. College, Agartala, Email: aks.58@rediffmail.com) : Phytotoxic effect of fenvelerate, endosulfan and malathion in roots of Allium cepa L. at biochemical level. J Bot Soc Bengal 2009, 63(1), 53-5.

Biochemical responses of A. cepa L. roots under the influence of Fencid (Fenvelerate 20% EC), Thiodan (Endosulfan 35% EC) and Malathion (Malathion 20% Ec) were investigated to evaluate phytoxic effect of selected insecticides. Five different concentration gradients were selected. The biochemical parameters like total carbohydrate and protein content were studied. In case of Fencid and Malathion with the increased concentration levels of tested inse&icides carbohydrate and protein content decreased. But in Endosulfan treated samples carbohydrate content decreased but protein content increased with the increased concentration levels. Variation in carbohydrate content induced by different concentration levels of these selected insecticides is statistically significant but variation in protein content is not significant.

3 tables, 11 ref

008123   Saha A;Biswas C K;Sinha J (Microbiology Dep, Banwarilal Bhalotia College, Asansol-713 303, Email: joyautasinha02@gmail.com) : Antibacterial activity of some plants of the family Asteraceae. J Bot Soc Bengal 2009, 63(2), 115-18.

A preliminary screening of two plants under the family Asteraceae, Ageratum conzoides L. and Blumea lacera DC. were carried out for their antibacterial activity. These two plants are mentioned in the traditional systems of medicine and used for treating various diseases. One such plant of medicinal value is Ageratum conzoides L. Its common name is goat weed. The plant is used for the treatment of fresh wounds, healing of burn wounds, chronic sores, sore eyes, dysentery etc. Blumea lacera DC. is another medicinally important plant. Blumea sp. is a diuretic that helps in the excretion of kidney stones and has antihypertensive, antidiarrhetic and antigastrologic properties. The different parts of the above mentioned plants i.e. root, stem and leaf exhibited different antibacterial effect on different selected bacterial test organisms. In case of Ageratun conzoides, ethanolic extract of root, stem and leaf showed good antibacterial activity by disc diffusion technique. In case of Blumea lacera, ethanolic extract was found to be more active than crude extract.

2 tables, 10 ref

008122   Rosangkima G;Rongpi T;Prasad S B (Cell & Tumor Laboratory, Zoology Dep, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong-793 022, Email: sbpnehu@hotmail.com) : Ethno-medicinal value of some anticancer medicinal plants from north-east India: an in vivo screening in murine tumor model. Sci Vision 2010, 10(4), 123-32.

Considering the importance of natural products in cancer therapy, a preliminary investigation on some anticancer medicinal plants of north-eastern states of India was conducted in murine tumor model. Nine different plants such as Ageratum conizoides Linn. (Asteraceae). Blumea lanceolaria Linn. (Asteraceae), Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. (Di1leniaceae), Potentilla fulgens Wall. (Rosaceae), Taxus baccata Linn. (Taxaceae), Mirabilis jalapa Linn. (Nyctaginaceae), Xanthium strumarium Linn. (Asteraceae), Dillenia indica Linn. (Dilleniaceae) and Cynura conyza Casso (Compositae) were studied. Out of these, the ethanol extract of D. Pentagyna showed the most potent antitumor activity, i.e. % ILS - 55% and % ILS - 48% at a dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg/day, respectively; followed by aqueous extract of P. fulgens showing % ILS - 37% at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day. Out of different fraction extracts of D. pentagyna and P. fulgens. better antitumor activity was observed with chloroform extract of D. pentagyna (% ILS - 89%) and hexane fraction of P. fulgens (% ILS - 37%) at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day. A signincantly higher antitumor activity of D. pentagyna and P. fulgens seems to be due to the presence of alkaloids and flavonoids. Further detailed studies on its toxicity as well as isolation and structural elucidation of biologically active principle(s) are required.

3 illus, 4 tables, 28 ref

008121   Raju V S;Ragan A;Suthari S;Ramana M V (Botany Dep, Plant Systematics Laboratory, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal, Andhra Pradesh-506 009, India, Email: satyavatsa@yahoo.co.in) : On the identity and occurrence of Ophioglossum costatum (Pteridophyta: Ophioglossaceae) in Andhra Pradesh, India. J Threatened Taxa 2011, 3(1), 1462-4.

008120   Rajamani K;Chitra R;Padmapriya P;Kumanan K; Vadivel E (Spices & Plantation Crops & Medicinal Plants Unit Dep, TNAU, Coimbatore, Email: rjmanicbe@rediffmail.com) : Gloriosa taxonomy, pharmacology and crop husbandry. Int J Agric Envir Biotechnol 2009, 2(4), 341-54.

Gloriosa is an interesting genus of diverse species wealth, with fascinating flowers inviting the attention of botanist, horticulturist, amateur gardeners, cut flower industry, pharmaceutical industry and indigenous medicinal healers. The genus Gloriosa is comprised of about 10 to 15 known species and the important ones are Gloriosa superba Linn, G. lutea, G. plantii, G. latifolia, G. magnifica, G. rothschildiana, G. abysstinica, G. longifolia and G. simplex. Gloriosa superba has been the focus in view of large demand for phytopharmaceutical applications. Glory lily is recognized as the national flower of Zimbabwe and the state flower of Tamil Nadu, India. Glory lily has been a source of phytochemicals right from the ancient time till the modern pharmaceutical industry which is used against gout and rheumatism. The National Medicinal Plants Board, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt of India has rated the species under priority list for protection and large scale domestication. Information on the genetic base, ecology, natural occurrence, genetic resources and species description, growth and development, floral biology, pollination mechanism are vital for carrying out crop improvement research in such high value species. Breeding programmes in Gloriosa involving various methods are outlined in this paper. An exhaustive collection of literature on biotechnology, micropropagation techniques, pharmacology, secondary metabolites in the species, pathway involved for secondary metabolite production, pharmacognosy information like ecotypes, variability for morphological and qualitative characters, crop husbandry status with global and Indian production scenario are reviewed and presented. Gloriosa superba exhibits a large diversity offering opportunities for further selection either for chemical constituents or as an ornamental. Gloriosa superba cultivation has been reported to be profitable under both irrigated and rainfed conditions. However, local depletion of the resource does occur, in India particularly, where the species has become endangered due to over collection of the tubers. The Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore has reported that a germplasm collection was made with 23 ecotypes and documented for morphological, qualitative characters including molecular characterization.

7 illusl, 2 tables, 46 ref

008119   Rahim Foroughbakhch P;Flores del Angel M D L L;Avila M L C;Cruz L S (Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, UANL, A.P. F-2, 66451 San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L., Mexico. E, Email: rahim.f@gmail.com) : Woody trees and shrubs as forest resource in semi-arid zones of North Eastern Mexico. Int J Agric Envir Biotechnol 2009, 2(4), 360-7.

The coast of the Gulf of Mexico is characterized by dry regions with a high variation in climatic conditions. This area is rich in drought-tolerant species, which are characterized as multipurpose trees (MPT's) and shrubs. The species that are potentially useful for reforestation, regreening, and forestry activities, have been overexploited, leading to a gradual decrease and degradation of their populations. However, the woody shrubs are grown and managed by the local people for their multipurpose products or service functions and the land-use systems in which they are grown. They may supply food, wood, firewood, forage and nitrogen to the soil, providing shade, habitat and soil improvement. In most cases multipurpose trees and shrubs have a primary role; such as being part of a living fence, or a windbreak, or used in an ally cropping system. Focuses on the structural analysis and comparison of the hills and plains of the semi-arid regions of N.E. Mexico. Marked difference is seen between the two regions both in species composition and quantitative characteristics like height, density and crown area. The usable wood properties and biomass of the different species are also discussed here which reveal a marked statistical difference amongst both the regions.

3 illusl, 5 tables, 18 ref

008118   Patil M B;Pillai S G (P.G. Botany Dep, Shri Shivaji College, Parbhani, Email: rajpatil_pbn@yahoo.co.in) : Aerobiological studies inside the warehouse. Bionano Front 2011, 4(1), 142-4.

Aerobiological investigations were carried out inside the Maharashtra State Seeds Corporation Ltd. warehouse using Roto-rod air sampler for eight months (January to August 2007), Altogether 43 bioparticles were identified and those not identified classified as Unidentified. Cladosporium (21 %), contributed maximum followed by Insect scales (9.935%), Rhizopus (6.425%), Alternaria (6.8 %) etc. While Beltraniella (0.02%), Tetracoccosporium (0.03%), Stemonitis (0.05%) Tetraploa (0.06%) were lowest contributors to the total air-spora inside the Warehouse. Percentage contribution of allergic fungi inside the Warehouse was very high that was 61.55% to the total airspora.

2 tables, 17 ref

008117   Pati C K;Bhattacharjee A (Botany Dep, Garbeta College, Garbeta-721 127, Email: cpbotany@yahoo.co.in) : Herbal regulation of seed vigour and plant potential of a safflower cultivar. J Bot Soc Bengal 2009, 63(1), 41-5.

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L. cv. HUS 503) seeds lost viability at a rapid pace under accelerated ageing condition. Pretreatment of the seeds with leaf extracts of bel (Aegle marmelos) and nishinda (Vitex negundo) for 6 hours before accelerated ageing treatment (99.1 % RH and 32±2°C) for different durations for 30 days under the same ageing condition slowed down the ageing-induced rapid loss of germination. Plant performance was found to be much better when they were grown from seeds which underwent plant extract pretreatments. This was measured in terms of field emergence capacity, root length and shoot length. Plant potential was also higher in the pretreatments as evidenced from the treatment-induced higher chlorophyll and protein levels as well as activities of catalase and peroxidase enzymes. Results pointed out that in spite of experiencing accelerated ageing treatment, the herbal-pretreated seeds retained higher seed vigour and produced healthier plants.

4 tables, 22 ref

008116   Paruah P P;Goswami P K (Botany Dep, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781 014, Email: partha_porosh@yahoo.co.in) : Allelopathic effects of Borreria hispida on seedling growth and yield in Brassica campestris L. Int J Agric Envir Biotechnol 2009, 2(4), 328-31.

Allelopathic effects of Borreria hispida were studied on two varieties of rape TS-36 and TS-38. Soil treatment with aqueous extracts of the weed showed inhibitory effects in both the varieties. Plant height, leaf number, leaf area and shoot - root dry weight were significantly reduced. Chlorophyll content and N, P, K contents were found to be altered under the influence of weed residues. Numbers of follicles plant, follicles length, total seed spike and thousand seed weight were also influenced by the weed extract and showed concomitant reduction with the increase of extract concentration.

3 tables, 22 ref

008115   Pal A;Paul A K (Botany Dep, Serampore College, Serampore, Hooghly-712 201) : Multiple metal resistance and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in Cupriavidus pauculus KPS 201 (MTCC 6280), a nickel metallophile isolated from serpentine soil ecosystem. J Bot Soc Bengal 2009, 63(1), 31-5.

The aerobic, Gram-negative, non-sporing, motile bacterium, Cupriavidus pauculus KPS 201 (MTCC 6280), isolated from the rhizosphere of Rinorea bengalensis (Wall.) O. K., a Nihyperaccumulator growing in serpentine outcrops of Saddle hills in north Andaman Islands, India was characterized by high degree of resistance to nickel (MIC 1700 mg / L Ni). The present investigation reports multiple metal tolerance and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Cupriavidus KPS 201. The bacterium showed high level of tolerance to Mg, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu and Zn during growth in nutrient broth as well as Tris minimal medium but to a lesser extent against Cd. Resistance to these metals was in the order of Ni<62> Mg<62> Mn<62> Cr<62> Zn<62> Co<62> Cu<62> Cd. The minimum inhibitory concentration for all metals was in general found to be higher in enriched medium than in minimal medium. The strain KPS 201 was highly sensitive to wide variety of antibiotics belonging to different chemical groups and includes chloramphenicol, kanamycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, vancomycin, novobiocin, bacitracin and neomycin. However, it was resistant to penicillin G, ampicillin, methicillin, amoxycillin, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin and rifampicin. It is suggested that such existence of multiple metal tolerance in C. pauculus might have evolved independently in the naturally occurring metal-percolated serªpentine soil ecosystem. Moreover, metal-resistance mechanisms and genetic determinants of Cupriavidus KPS 201 could be explored and exploited for biotechnology and metal bioremediation.

2 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

008114   Ozarkar K;Unnikrishnan G;Narayane V;Nagare K H;Bhagwat A M (Zoology Dep, Birla College of Arts, Commerce, Kalyan-421 304) : Spectroscopic analyasis of Cissus qudrangularis Linn. and Valeriana wallichi DC.. Bionano Front 2011, 4(1), 64-7.

Spectroscopic analysis of two plants, namely Cissus quadrqngularis Linn. and Valeriana wallichi DC. is carried out to observe their active principles. Cissus quadmngularis is a jointed climber, distributed throughout India. The drug consists of the stem or shoot of the plant. The preparation of the stem is used in various ailments including muscular pains and fractures. Valeriana wallichi is a perennial herb with a thick, horizontal rootstock. The plant is distributed throughout temperate regions of India. The drug consists of rhizomes and rootstock of the plant. Along with many other uses, the rhizomes are used as antispasmodic and in joint inflammations. In the present study, 50% hot isopropyle alcohol extract of Cissus quadrangularis and 25% cold methanol extract of Valeriana wallichi were analyzed by Spectroscopic methods like FT-IR and UV spectrum. The IR spectrum of Cissus quadrangularis confirms the presence of two asymmetric tetracyclic triterpenoids and two steroidal principles. The UV spectra of Cissus quadmngularis reveals four peaks ranging from 665nm to 210nm. This result support the claim that these anabolic steroidal principles, present in the plant, which markedly influence the rate of fracture healing by bringing about an early regeneration of all connective tissues involved in the healing process. It is also believed to help in quicker mineralisation of the callus during process of bone healing. The UV spectra of cold methanolic extract of V. wallichi resolved into 3 peaks ranging from 327 nm to 213 nm, which represent the acidic groups. The presence of these acidic groups may give an explanation about the stimulant and antispasmodic effect of the rhizomes.

4 illus, 4 table, 10 ref

008113   Olabode O S;Babarinde S A;Adesina G O; Akintayo O (Agronomy Dep, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria, Email: lakinsina@yahoo.com) : Preliminary investigation on allelopathic potential of Tithonia diversifolia and Tetrapluera tetraptera on millet and cowpea seed germination. Int J Agric Envir Biotechnol 2009, 2(4), 393-6.

Aqueous of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Gray leaf and Tetrapluera tetraptera fruit were evaluated for their allelopathic activities against cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) and millet (Pennisetum glaucum(L) R.Br) seeds at 38±2°C and 69-75% relative humidity in the laboratory. Comparative phytochemical studies of the two plant extracts were also carried out via colouration tests. T. diversifolia extract had no significant impact on millet seed germination (p 0.05) whereas T. tetraptera significantly reduced millet seed germination progressively as the concentration increased. Eighty four percent (84%) germination observed in the control (100% water) was significantly higher than other treatments. A hundred percent extract of both plant caused significant reduction in cowpea seed germination when compared with the control but T. tetraptera perfon11ed better than T. diversifolia. Both extracts had alkaloid, flavonoid, tannins and saponins, though the saponin content of T. tetraptera was higher than that contained in T. diversifolia. Carbohydrates and phlobatannins were present in T. tetraptera, but absent in T. diversifolia.

3 tables, 9 ref

008112   Nehare S;Moharil M P;Ghodki B S;Lande G K; Pawade V (Insect Biotechnology Laboratory, Entomology Dep, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Krishi Nagar, Akola, Maharashtra, Email: basughodki@gmail.com) : Biochemical analysis of quinalphos and cypermethrin resistance in Plutella xylostella L. Int J Agric Envir Biotechnol 2009, 2(4), 400-10.

Biochemical analysis of quinalphos and cypermethrin resistance in Plutella xylostella was carried out at Insect Biotech Laboratory. Department of Entomology, Dr. PDKV, Akola during 2005-2007. LDP indicated that LC₅₀ of quinalphos was 74.36 ppm which increased to 631.52 ppm in G 10 (RR-9.99 fold). The LC₅₀ of cypermethrin in G10 was 332.26 ppm resulting 11.47 fold increase in resistance. Biochemical studies observed, maximum fold increase in CarE activity was in whole body homogenate (6.21 fold) followed by gut homogenate (1.76 fold) of quinalphos resistant strain over unselected. CarE activity in eypermethrin resistant strain reported maximum fold increase in cuticle homogenate (2.09) followed by gut homogenate (1.90 fold). Quinalphos resistant strain reported maximum activity in cuticle homogenate but reduction in AChE activity in head homogenate (0.35 fold) over unselected. In cypermethrin resistant strain maximum fold increase in AChE activity was observed in head homogenate (4.45 fold) over susceptible strain. Maximum fold increase was reported in gut homogenate (10.02 fold), while head homogenate and cuticle homogenate showed reduction of 0.48 and 0.32. respectively in quinalphos resistant strain over unselected. Cyperrilethrin resistant strain also reported reduction in head homogenate (0.14 fold) and cuticle homogenate (0.11 fold). Maximum fold increase was reported in gut homogenate (1.74 fold) over that of unselected.

7 tables, 47 ref

008111   Mukhopadhyay R;Singh N;Kundu S;Samajpati N (Botany Dep, University of Calcutta, Kolkata-700 019) : Some aspects of release and regeneration of protoplasts from mycelia of Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) singer. J Bot Soc Bengal 2009, 63(1), 57-60.

Mycelial culture was prepared from the tissue of the basidiocarp of Pleurotus sajor-caju and maintained in PDA medium, Lytic enzymes, like Novozyme 234, cellulase and Chitinase were used for the release of the protoplasts from the mycelium. Maximum number of protoplasts (46.32±1.72 x 10⁷/ml) were obtained when all the three lytic enzymes were used in combination, Magnesium sulphate was found to be the best stabilizer (85.20±1.48 x 10⁷/ml). Of the different buffers used malate was the best buffer (92.78±2.86 x 10⁷/ml). It was also found that MYG medium was better than that of GT medium for regeneration of protoplasts.

4 tables, 11 ref