020582   Sharma M;Jain N;Sharma M (Microbiology Lab, Botany Dep, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302 004, Email: mukeshsharma_uniraj@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of trace elements on the growth and sporulation of keratinophilic fungi. J phytol Res 2007, 20(1), 85-90.

Trace elements are utilized by all the fungi in different concentration. These elements play an important role on growth and nutrition of fungi. For the study three trace elements viz. ZnSO₄. MnSO₄ and FeSO₄ with six different concentrations viz. 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 ppm were used to evaluate the effect on the growth and sporulation of the two keratinophilic fungi Chrysosporium, tropicum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. A control was also run along with the experiment. Chrysoporium tropicum showed excellent sporulation at 10-40, 20-60 and 10-40 ppm concentrations of FeSO₄, ZnSO₄ and MnSO₄ respectively. Almost similar results were observed with respect to another fungi Trichophyton mentagrophytes which showed best sporulation at 20-60, 20-80 and 10-60 ppm concentrations of FeSO₄, ZnSO₄, and MnSO₄ respectively. Thus it can be inferred that the average concentrations of trace elements as mentioned above is good whereas high concentration of the same is toxic for sporulation and growth of fungi.

2 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

020581   Shaiju P N;Omanakumari N (Dep of Botany, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram-695 581, Email: shaijukvm@yahoo.co.in) : Systematics of the genus Thottea rottb. I. petiolar anatomy. Phytomorphology 2007, 57(3-4), 145-52.

Petiolar anatomy of eight Indian species of the genus Thottea (Aristolochiaceae) was studied, the qualitative and quantitative data were interpreted by numerical taxonomic methods.

4 illus, 4 tables, 15 ref

020580   Shahab D;Ansari M Y K (Cytogenetics and Mutation Breeding Lab, Botany Dep, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh-202 002, Email: danish18581@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of methyl methane sulphonate (MMS) on seed germination and seedling growth of Solanum melongena L. var. Pusa Kranti. Vegetos 2007, 20(2), 19-21.

Mutagenic effect of various concentrations of Methyl Methane Suiphonate (MMS) was studied on seed germination and seedling height in M₁ generation of Solanum melongena L. (var. Pusa Kranti) showing significant effects on seed germination and seedling height whereas high concentrations of MMS adversely affected germination.

1 table, 8 ref

020579   Sembi J K;Verma J;Pathak P;Vij S P (Dep of Botany, Panjab Univ, Chandigarh-160 014, Email: spvij1@rediffmail.com) : Reversion of floral development in Aerides multiflora roxb. (orchidaceae): a study in vitro. Phytomorphology 2007, 57(3-4), 191-4.

Deals with reversion of floral development in Aerides multiflora. The inflorescence segments from green house sourced plants were cultured on Mitra et al. (1976) medium and it s various combinations with peptone (P), 6-benzyl adenine (BA) and α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). A combination containing P (1g/l), BA (5mg/1), and NAA (1 mg/l) proved most effective for reversion. Shoot buds were directly developed from flowers buds and the phenomenon was found related to the stage of development of explant and the nutrient regime.

1 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

020578   Sanadhya C (Dep of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadi University, Udaipur-313 001, Email: vcmlsu@yahoo.com) : Notothylas orbicularis (Schwein.) Sull., a new hornwort from India. Phytomorphology 2007, 57(3-4), 129-32.

Ten species of Notothylas Sull. have been reported so far from India. Notothylas orbicularis (Schwein.) Sull. has been collected for the first time from India (Gujarat). It is characterised by non-persistent columella, inner lining layer of capsule wall without any thickening and protuberant epidermal cells.

3 illus, 15 ref

020577   Richa Singh (Duthie Herbarium, Ethnobotany Cell, Botany Dep, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211 002) : Phytogeographical distribution of the family Fabaceae in eastern Uttar Pradesh. J phytol Res 2007, 20(1), 151-4.

Phytogeographic analysis of the region based on the distributional pattern of different taxa is presented. The Fabaceae comprise 104 species of 48 genera. The diversity represents 15 phytogeographical regions with the elements.

1 table, 12 ref

020576   Reddy K N;Pattanaik C;Reddy C S;Murthy E N; Raju V S (NO, , Laila Impex R&D Centre, Unit-1, Phase-3, Jawahar Autonagar, Vijayawada-520 007, Email: jilu2000@rediffmail.com) : Plants used in traditional handicrafts in North eastern Andhra Pradesh. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2008, 7(1), 162-5.

The purpose of the study was to collect and document the plants used in traditional handicrafts by tribal people of Andhra Pradesh. A total of 40 plant species were documented, which are used in preparation of different handicrafts like making of rope, toys, meals plate, carry bags, fishing nets, brooms, etc. Among these species, 19 species are trees followed by 8 herbs, 7 climbers and 6 shrubs. Mostly, wood are used for making of furniture and different wood carvings. It has been observed that a very few people are adopting this profession due to less income. For this reason, the traditional knowledge is on sharp decline. There is an urgent need to take necessary steps for uplift the tribal people, who are engaged in handicrafts profession.

020575   Reddy B N;Hindumathi A;Raghavender C R (Mycology and Pathology Lab, Botany Dep, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500 007, Email: reddybn1@yahoo.com) : Occurrence and systematics of arbuscualr mycorrhizal fungi associated with sorghum. J phytol Res 2007, 20(1), 11-22.

Rhizosphere soils of sorghum (Sorghum vulgare were collected from kharif (rainy) and rabi (post-rainy) seasons during 2004 and 2005 from the fields of National Research Centre for Sorghum, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India. The samples were screened to study the AM (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal) fungi associated with the roots of host plants. Altogether, nineteen species of AM fungi representing three genera namely Acaulospora. Glomus and Gigaspora were isolated. The genus Glomus dominated among the entire AM fungal flora by representing twelve species, followed by five species of Gigaspora and two of Acaulospora. Glomus mosseae, G. fasciculatum. G. constrictum and G. monosorirum were detected frequently from the rhizosphere samples of which G. fasciculatum was found to be predominant in almost all the soil samples, whereas G. multisubtensum was reported only in the months of October and November. The other species of AM fungi like Glomus aggregatum. G. monosporum. G. caledomium. G. deserticola. Gigaspora gigantea, Acaulospora laevis and A. foveata were observed in few numbers that too in certain periods of study.

4 illus, 79 ref

020574   Praveen Kumar;Singh P R;Singh S P;Prasad B K (University Dep of Botany, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya-824 234) : Aspergillus flavus induced alterations in the activity of enzymes related with amino acid in urd bean seed. J phytol Res 2007, 20(1), 129-32.

Activity of proteolytic enzyme, non-oxidative deaminase and amino acid oxidase of DL-valine, DL-phenylalanine, Iso-leucine and L-serine were stimulated in the seeds of urd bean due to their storage with Aspergillus flavus while that of alanine- ammonia transferase, glutamic - alanine transaminase and glutamic - aspartate transaminase was noticed in inoculated seeds only. Similarly, amino acid decarboxylase activity of DL - valine, DL-phenylalanine and L-serine was observed in the inoculated seedlot only while that of Iso-leucine was found in inoculated and control seedlot both. The activity of all the said enzymes was rapid with increasing RH level of storage from 60 to 80%.

2 tables, 15 ref

020573   Patil D A (P.G. Botany Dep, S.S.V.P.S's L.K. P.R. Ghogrey Science College, Dhule-424 005) : Origins of medicines in the perspecstive of doctrine of signatures. J phytol Res 2007, 20(1), 155-7.

`Doctrine of Signatures' help trace the origins of medicines. The signs are represented by plant features. Origins of some medicinal virtues of plants in the context of the said doctrine has been studied. The plant features e.g. thorns, spines, swollen underground parts, shape of leaves, lengths, articulated stems, colour of bark, wood, flower, latex or other plant products and their nature, rocky/stony habitat, aquatic habitat, type and function of plant organs, stringing parts, surface ornamentation of seeds etc. are thought indicative of medicinal virtues.

9 ref

020572   Narkhede P N (P.G. Research Centre, Botany Dep, Dhanaji Nana Mahavidyalya, Faizpur-425 503) : Euglenophyceae of Suki dam, Jalgaon district, Maharashtra (I). J phytol Res 2007, 20(1), 91-4.

Deals with the description of fourteen taxa of euglenoids reported from Suki dam, Jalgaon district of Maharashtra state, situated on Suki river at 21 18'45" N latitute & 75 54'30" E longitude. The water samples were collected monthly for a period of two years. Total 72 taxa are reported from these samples. Deals with the taxonomic enumuration of 14 taxa with 1 genus, 13 species & 2 varieties. All these 14 taxa are reported first time from Suki dam & 9 taxa namely Euglena granulata (Klebs) Achmitz, Euglena agilis Carter, Euglena fundoversota John, Euglena granulata (Klebs) Schimtz Var. polymorpha (Dang.) popova, Euglena mutablis Schimtz, Eulglena variabilis Klebs, Eugelna rustica Schiller, Euglena vagans Defl. Euglena mucifera Mainx are reported first time from North Maharashtra.

14 illus, 12 ref

020571   Mohi Ud Din G G;Nawchoo I A;Wafai B A (Dep of Botany, Univ of Kashmir, Srinagar-190 006, Email: irshadnawchoo@yahoo.co.in) : Reproductive biology of Picrorhiza Kurrooa Royle Ex benth.-an endangered medicinal plant of the north west Himalaya. Phytomorphology 2007, 57(3-4), 109-16.

Reproductive biology and meiotic system of Picrorhiza hurrooa, an important medicinal plant of alpine and sub-alpine north-west Himalaya, reveal diploid nature of the species, based on x = 17 having 2N = 2X = 34. asynchronous development of male and female sex tracks and protogynae promote cross-pollination. The stigmatic surface becomes most receptive two days after anthesis subsequent to which the stigmas shrivel. The pollen (of which 93.7-95.41% are viable) are shed at this stage. Higher concentrations of calcium nitrate lead to increase in pollen tube length while boric acid has an inhibitory effect. Pollen transfer is entomophilous (mediated by Bombus spp. and Syrphus spp.). The higher pollen to ovule ratio and controlled crossing experiments reveal outbreeding nature of the species. Only open pollinated and manually cross-pollinated flowers produce seeds. The number of mature seeds is almost half that of the ovules borne by a plant. Seed germinability was increased by low concentrations of GA₃ and thiourea.

3 illus, 6 tables, 28 ref

020570   Manohara T N;Rajashekar N;ramaswamy S N; Shivamurthy G R (Dep of Studies in BOtany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore-570 006, Email: grsgyarahally@yahoo.com) : Seed germination and dormancy in Pritchardia arecina Becc, (Arecaceae). Phytomorphology 2007, 57(3-4), 201-4.

Investigation was carried out on seed germination and dormancy in Pritchardia arecina Becc. The percentage of seed germination, growth and development of seedlings were recorded. Studies on the effect of varied temperatures on seed germination showed variation in the percentage of germination indicating the physiological dormancy. Of the various physico-chemical treatments, mechanical scarification followed by pre-treatment with 1000μg/ml gibberellic acid (GA₃) was found to be highly useful in breaking dormancy (82% seed germination) in P. arecina.

2 tables, 5 ref

020569   Malik A (Botany Dep, C.C.S. University, Meerut-250 004) : Cytogenetic study of the induced translocation heterozygocity in Carthamus. J phytol Res 2007, 20(1), 143-6.

Genetic variability is essential for any crop improvement programme. Experimentally induced mutation provides an important source of variability. Fifty-one accessions of Carthamus belonging to five species were given colchicine treatment out of the M₁ population raised from the treated seeds, two plants, one each belonging to C. glaucus and C. palaestinus exhibited translocation heterozygosity. Translocation heterozygosity was transferred to M₂ generation despite the presence of abnormal course of male meiosis and significant amount of pollen sterility. These plants exhibited more or less regular formation of one quadrivalents at metaphase-I.

19 illus, 4 tables, 5 ref

020568   Kumar G;Gautam N (Plant Genetics Laboratory. Botany Dep, Allahabad Univ, Allahabad-211 002, Email: kumar_girjesh@yahoo.com) : Allelotoxicity of Parthenium leaf extracts on cytomorphological behaviour of sunflower (Helianthus annuus). J envir Biol 2008, 29(2), 243-7.

In recent decades allelopathy has gained much attention in the sustainable agricultural systems. It is necessary to trace out the mechanism of action of allelochemicals of plants on other plants. Allelochemicals of different plants interact differently with each other. An attempt has been made to study the influence of allelochemicals released by Parthenium on the growth, morphology and cytology of Helianthus annuus, both being strong allelopathic plants. The lower concentration of decomposed Parthenium leaves showed enhancing effect while higher doses depicted suppressive effect on growth and morphology of Helianthus annuus. However, cytological studies of pollen mother cells (PMCs) revealed increase in abnormality percentage with increasing concentration of allelochemicals. This study suggests better understanding of allelochemicals interaction and their incorporation into the botterment of crop.

12 table, 2 table, 24 ref

020567   Khillar A;Mishra P K (Chemistry Dep, Ravenshaw College, Cuttack-753 003) : Biochemical changes induced by anthracnose disease in betelvine. Acta Cienc Indica-Chem 2007, 33(3), 215-18.

Healthy and infected leaves from ten varieties of piper beetle L. were taken as the experimental material. The diseased spots, i.e. Central black nectrotic zone, sensescent yellow region and surrounding faded green region and the healthy leaves were analysed biochemically for chlorophyll, carbohydrate, protein, amino acids, phenols and vitamin contents. Comparison was made among contents of infected and healthy leaves in these ten varieties.

4 table, 12 ref

020566   Khan M A;Idrees M;Shahab D (Botany Dep, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh-202 002, Email: moin_a_khan11@yahoo.co.in) : ChlorophyII Content in some Citrus species. Vegetos 2007, 20(2), 7-8.

The amount of chlorophyll a (Chl-a), chlorophyll b (Chl-b) and total chlorophyll content were determined in Citrus limon (Linn.) Burm. f. (0.314, 0.066, 0.38), Citrus reticulata var. tangelos (0.468, 0.355, 0.823) and Citrus sinesis Osbeck. (0.279, 0.133, 0.412) belonging to family Rutaceae.

1 table, 8 ref

020565   Jain S C;Jain R;Singh R;Menghani E (Medicinal Plants and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302 004, Email: jainnatpro3@rediffmail.com ) : Verbesina encelioides: Perspective and potentials of a noxious weed. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2008, 7(3), 511-3.

Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. & Hook. Fil ex Gray (Asteraceae) regarded as a notorious weed and an ornamental garden plant has found various uses in folk medicine in different parts of the world. This plant possesses analgesic, emetic, febrifuge and insecticidal actions but is mildly toxic to small ruminants, which is attributed to the relative amount of galegine. V. encelioides also produces a number of metabolites like flavonoids, terpenoids, sesquiterpenes and essential oils, etc. in appreciable yields. Some of these compounds have exhibited significant antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumour, hypoglycaemic, antiimplantation and antiinflammatory activities. The paper is an overview of the potential utilization of V. encelioides, which is otherwise a well known weed.

020564   Iqbal M;Datta A K (Botany Dep, Genetics and Plant Breeding Sect, Kalyani-741 235, Email: dattaanimesh@gmail.com) : Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis in Withania somnifera (L.) Dun.(Ashwagandha). J phytol Res 2007, 20(1), 119-92.

Genetic variability, character association and path analysis have been computed for yield and 8 yield related traits in 10 genotypes (control and 9 macromutant lines) of Withania somnifera (L.) Dun. (Ashwagandha) for undermining attributes contributing maximum to yield for efficient breeding and crop improvement. Results obtained have been discussed.

4 tables, 5 ref

020563   Gupta R;Gahalain S S (Botany Dep, Kumaun Univ, SSJ Campus, Almora-263 601) : Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transfer of a-tubulin: rolB gene for inducing male-sterility in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Vegetos 2007, 20(2), 1-5.

Transgenic plants of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) were obtained from hypocotyl explants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens vectors. Induction of a dominant nuclear male sterility was studied in the progenies of 28 transformed plants through the expression of rolB gene under the control of α-tubulin promoter inserted in the plasmid pGA1329. The chimeric α-tubulin: rolB gene was linked to the neomycin phosphotransferase (NPTII) gene, conferring resistance to the antibiotic kanamycin, was used as a dominant marker for the induced male sterility. The expression and inheritance of the transgene was confirmed in the progenies of 23 transformants through kanamycin-resistance. In the progeny, a Mendelian ratio of 1:1 was observed for male sterile/kanamycin-resistant and male fertile/ kanamycin-susceptible plants. There were no prominent morphological changes in the flowers of transformed male sterile plants as compared to the control male fertile plants. At microsporegenesis, simultaneous degeneration cell contents of tapetal cell and microspores; and at anthesis, sterile pollen grains contained only empty exine.

1 illus, 21 ref

020562   Guarrera P M (NO, Museo Nazionale Arti e Tradizioni Popolari, Piazza Marconi 8/10 00144, Rome, Italy, Email: pmguarrera@arti.beniculturali.it) : Handicrafts, handlooms and dye plants in the Italian folk traditions. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2008, 7(1), 67-9.

The various categories of artefacts and domestic/handicrafts uses of plants are reported, together with an inventory of all the plants used in Italy in human medicines, veterinary sciences, cooking, rituals and in other fields. Natural plant dyes used in Italy and musical instruments of Italian folk traditions have also been reported.

020561   Ghosh A;Datta A K (Botany Dep, Kalyani University, Kalyani-741 235) : Leaf protein marker in Nigella damascena L. J phytol Res 2007, 20(1), 147-9.

Analysis of leaf protein expression following SDS-PAGE in diploids and tetraploids revealed a specific leaf-protein marker (polypeptide band 9 - Rm value: 0.401, Mol. Wt : 47.26 k Da). Pixel intensity of this band correlated positively and significantly with total chlorophyll content of the plants. Band 9 also had low pixel intensity in chloroxantha (a chlorophyll deficient mutant of N. damascena).

1 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

020560   Dogan Y;Nedelcheva A M;Obratov Petkovic D; Padure I M (Buca Faculty of Education, Dokuz Eylul University, 35160 Buca, Izmir, Turkey, Email: yunus.dogan@deu.edu.tr) : Plants used in traditional handicrafts in several Balkan countries. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2008, 7(1), 157-61.

Shows some of the most common and popular plants used as raw in some traditional handicrafts in Balkan countries, in relation to the natural plant resources and national traditions. The information is gathered largely from literature, analyzing the findings in the existing ethnographic collections as well as field collected data and interviewed during field survey conducted during 2006-2007 more than 50 local informants using non-structured interviews. Arundo donax, Cannabis sativa, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Fagus orientalis, Morus alba, Phragmites australis, Salix spp., Typha angustifolia, Urtica dioica, Vitex agnus-castus were found to be commonly used in the manufacturing of wood articles, mats & rugs making, basketry and fibers producing.

020559   Dhar R;sharma N;Koul A K (Dep of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu-180 006, , Email: dpadha@rediffmail.com) : Reproductive efficiency of two Trifolium species with contrasting breeding strategies. Phytomorphology 2007, 57(3-4), 195-9.

Highlights the similarities and differences between the two species and tends to correlate them with their breeding system. The possible causes of deviation from the normal trends are also discussed.

1 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

020558   Debnath M;Malik C P;Bisen P S (Tissue Culture Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology and Allied Sciences, Seedling Academy of De, Jaipur-302 205, Email: mousumi.debnath@gmail) : Clonal pjropagation of Chlorophytum borivilianum-an endangered medicinal plant. Phytomorphology 2007, 57(3-4), 117-21.

Clonal propagation system has been standardized for Chlorophytum borivilianum Sant. et Fernand., a medicinally important endemic plant. Callus induction was observed when short segments of inflorescence axis bearing flower bud and young shoot buds of Chlorophytum borivilianum was grown on Murashige and Skoog's (1962) medium supplemented with various concentrations and combinations of 2,4-dichloro phenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzyl adenine (BA). Maximum callusing (100%) was obtained from young shoot buds and short segments of inflorescence axis bearing flower buds grown on MS medium supplemented with a combinatio of 2 mg/1(9.1<109>M) BA. Callus induction was noticed in 91% of cultures. However, these calli remained recalcitrant and did not regenerate on the same medium. The calli, when subcultured on MS medium supplemented with 4mg/l(17.6μM) BA showed multiple shoot proliferation. Maximum shoot multiplication was observed after 60 days of the second subculture on MS medium containing 5mg/l BA. These shoots were rooted best (87%) on MS medium containing 2 mg/l(9.9109>M) indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The plantlets were transferred to the field after acclimatization and showed 60% survival.

1 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

020557   Chitra Devi B;Kamalam M (Dep of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641 046, , Email: chitrasaraswathy@rediffmail.com) : In vitro propagation of an endangered medicinal plant-Nilgirianthus ciliatus (nees.) Bremek. Phytomorphology 2007, 57(3-4), 123-8.

In vitro propagation techniques were applied for the mass propagation of an IUCN red-listed medicinal plant nilgirianthus ciliatus (Nees.) Bremek (Acanthaceae), endemic to the Western Ghats. Leaf, stem-nodal and internodal segments were used as explants. Leaf explants were found to be best suited for callus induction and subsequent organogenesis on Murashige and Skoog's (1962) medium (MS) with 0.5mg/l indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 5mg/l 6-benzyl adenine (BA). Maximum shoot regeneration from internodal callus was obtained on medium with 0.5mg/l IAA and 5mg/l BA. Direct shoot regeneration from the nodal explants was maximum on the medium containing 1mg/l IAA and 5mg/1 BA. The in vitro shoots thus obtained were successfully rooted in MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of IAA (0.5-5mg/l) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (0.5-5mg/l) separately. Seventy five per cent of the rooted plantlets survived in the mist chamber after hardening.

1 illus, 4 tables, 7 ref

020556   chauhan S V S;Gupta H K (Dep of botany, School of Life Sciences, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Agra-282 002, Email: svs250@rediffmail.com) : Suppression of endothecium by malformed tapetum in the anthers of chemically treated Lens culinaris medik. Phytomorphology 2007, 57(3-4), 205-9.

Foliar sprays with aqueous solutions of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% (v/v) ethaphon or ethrel (2-chloreethyl phosphonic acid) and 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% (w/v) Surf Excel (detergent) effectively induced complete pollen sterility in Lens culinaris Medik. which lasted throughout flowering period. Light microscopic and transmission electron microscopic studies clearly exhibited abnormal behaviour of anther wall layers, namely tapetum and endothecium, and pollen grains in chemically treated plants. Endothecial cells completely or partially failed to produce fibrous bands. This was found to be associated with the abnormal behaviour of tapetal layer, the cells of which either remained intact up to anthesis or partially degenerated. Sterile pollen grains had abnormally thick exine, while intine was absent. These observations clearly support the hypothesis that malformed tapetum in the sterile anthers not only leads to pollen abortion but also inhibits endothecial development. The failure of tapetal breakdown seems to be due to continued sporopollenin synthesis which was evident by the presence of large number of ubisch bodies on the inner tangential walls of the tapetal cells and the presence of abnormally thick exine in sterile pollen grains.

2 illus, 18 ref

020555   Chakraborti S;Sinha R K;Sinha S (Cytogenetics & Plant Tissue Culture Lab, Life Science Dep, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar-799 130, Email: chakrabortisas@yahoo.co.in) : Parkia javanica Lamk. of Mimosaceae a less known pod vegetable and its socio-economic relevance in Tripura. J phytol Res 2007, 20(1), 111-14.

Parkia javanica Lamk. pods are used in many recipes by the different communities of this region. Nutritional value of the pod as non-conventional food vegetable is analyzed in terms of biochemical estimates in two varieties of P. javanica recorded in the study. Comparative biochemical analysis revealed distinct variation among certain characters between the two varieties. The utility of the pods as good source of protein containing low phenolics clearly indicated its significance as important food alternative to rural communities and tribals. Pod value of P. javanica and its market demand is also worked out through market survey and found to be highly relevant with socio-economy of the rural poor.

4 tables, 10 ref

020554   Bhogaonkar P Y;Kadu S R (Botany Dep, Government Vidarbha Institute of Science and Humanitiess, Amravati, Maharashtra) : Nectar characteristics of some butterfly visiting flowers. J phytol Res 2007, 20(1), 7-10.

In all sixteen butterfly visiting plant species were studied for nectar composition with respect to amino acidal profile and sugars since they form nutritionally important components. Both protein and non-protein amino acids, types of sugars present in nectar and their dominance were noted. Paper chromatographic technique was employed for the present study. Flower colour and flower type were also noted to see whether any relationship between visiting butterflies and flower type and nectar composition can be established.

1 table, 11 ref

020553   Bhatt B S;Vadodaria H K;Vaidya R P (NO, Shri Hari Atmya Centre for Post Graduate Studies, Rajkot-360 005, Email: s_bhavin18@yahoo.co.in) : Clonal propagation of Aloe barbadensis Mill.: an important medicinal plant via apical meristem culture. J phytol Res 2007, 20(1), 123-7.

Plants and plant based products have been used traditionally by native inhabitants in India from ancient times. India continues to occupy premier position in the use of drugs of plant origin. Now a days, main problem with using herbal medicine is the net productivity of such plants in nature which don't fulfill requirements of large growing populations. Hence it is crucial to find out alternative solution for mass propagation of such plants at low cost and in a short time. One of such alternative is tissue culture through which rapid productivity of plant and plant based products can be achieved. Aloe, a member of Liliaceae (Aloeaceae) family, is a rossete plant. The roots of plant known to possess important biological properties such as anti inflammatory, antipyretic, antibacterial, antiallergic etc. The demand for Aloe barbadensis Mill. product either as a dried root or as formulation is increasing. This call for an urgent need to mass propagate the species as its natural propagation is rather slow for commercial purposes. The objective is to develop a successful clonal propagation procedure from apical meristems of A. barbadensis.

1 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

020552   Baruah A (Dep of Botany, Darrang College(GU), Tezpur-784 001, Email: drakhibaruah@yahoo.co.in) : Petiolar anatomy as an aid for taxonomic discrimination of cinnamomum species (Lauraceae) from North East India. Phytomorphology 2007, 57(3-4), 227-31.

Petiolar anatomical characters of fourteen species of Cinnamomum Schaeffer growing in north east India were examined. The evaluated characters are found to be useful in deciphering the individual species. On the basis of significant characters such as shape of vascular strand, nature of hypodermal cells, distribution pattern of sclerenchyma and presence or absence of stone cell, air cavity, oil and mucilage cells, an artificial taxonomic key has been prepared.

1 illus, 20 ref

020551   Arya D;Patni V (Plant Pathology, Tissue Culture and Biotechnology Lab, Botany Dep, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302 004) : Effect of different plant growth regulators on multiple shoot induction in Pluchea lanceolata Oliver and Hiren. J phytol Res 2007, 20(1), 29-32.

For the effect of various plant growth regulators on shooting of Pluchea lanceolata is concerned, it was observed that maximum number of shoot buds sprouted from nodal segment explant on Murashige & Skoog's medium supplemented with BAP (0.25 mg/l) and Kn (0.5 mg/l). An optimum number of 30.2 ±0.59 shoots was obtained per nodal segment explant. NAA and IBA alone were not effective for multiple shoot induction. Rooting of the miropropagated shoots was observed on IBA (l.0 mg/l). An efficient regeneration protocol for micropropagation of this threatened species has been developed during the study.

5 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

020550   Archana Singh (Post Graduate Botany Dep, Government M.S.J. College, Bharatpur-321 001, Email: drsingh_archana@yahoo.com) : Biochemical, histochemical and isoenzyme peroxidase studies on pearlmillet [Pennisetum glaucum (L) R. Br.] seedlings infected by Curvularia penneseti. J phytol Res 2007, 20(1), 47-54.

Biochemical, histochemical and Native PAGE electrophoretic studies were conducted on healthy, moderate and heavily infected seedlings of pearlmillet with Curvularia penneseti. Histochemical observations revealed the presence of increasing amount of proteins, lignins, tannins, starch, phenols, cellulose and peroxidase enzyme in infected seedlings as compared to healthy (control). Biochemical examination also showed high level of proteins, total sugars, total starch, phenolics, and peroxidase activity in the infected seedlings as compared to healthy. The electrophoretic studies revealed the same observations of peroxidase isoenzymes at 10th day by Native PAGE. The drastic increase in IAA oxidase activity initially, followed by decrease and again increase showed the differential changes during progressive infection of C. penneseti. Which may play an important role in establisment of the infection.

2 illus, 2 tables, 27 ref

020549   Anant Kumar;Gupta V K (Botany Dep, Narain (P.G.) College, Shikohabad-205 135) : Effect of foliar spray of gibberellic acid on the rhizosphere and rhizoplane mycoflora of Vigna sinensis L. Sevi Ex. Hassk. J phytol Res 2007, 20(1), 103-9.

Effect of foliar spray of different concentrations of gibberellic acid on the rhizosphere mycoflora was studied at pre-flowering, flowering and fruiting stages. Foliar spray of different concentrations of gibberellic acid reduced the number of fungi/g of dry soil at each concentration and each stage. Fungi number also reduced in rhizosphere and rhizoplane at each stage. Maximum in inhibition was noted at 200 ppm concentraion.

5 tables, 16 ref

020548   Agarwal T;Yadav A S (Botany Dep, R.R. Post-Graduate College, Alwar-301 001) : Micromorphology of the leaf epidermis of Achyranthes aspera L. J phytol Res 2007, 20(1), 61-6.

Epidermal characteristics were studied in the three varieties of Achyranthes aspera L. All the three varieties have simple and unicellular trichomes, however, the length of trichomes and their number was highly variable in different varieties. All the three varieties are amphistomatic and have anomocytic type of stomata, the stomatal frequency and stomatal index was, however, different in these varieties. The epidennal cells on the abaxial surface were highly irregular or sinuous in A. aspera var. argentea than the other two varieties. Hence, the micromorphological features of Achyranthes aspera suggest that all the three varieties are quite distinct from each other.

2 illus, 19 ref

019484   Wany A;Verma S;Sahu U (Biotechnology Dep, Govt. Colllege of Science, Raipur (Chhatishmarh)) : Effect of PGRS on callus formation for micropropagation of sarpagandha (Rauwolfia serpentina L. Benth) from hypocotyls and cotyledonary segments. Natn J Life Sci 2007, 4(2), 155-8.

A simple method was developed for regeneration of Sarpagandha. The effect of different concentrations and various combinations of Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) on callus formation were investigated. Simultaneous callus were obtained. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 25 treatments and 5 replications per treatment. The best response for hypocotyl derived callus was observed on MS medium containing 1.0 mg L^-1 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid (2, 4-D) + 2.5 mg L^-1 6-Benzyl amino purine (BAP) and 2.5 mg L^-! 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid (2, 4-D) + 2.0 mg L^-1 Kinetin(Kn). The MS medium containing 2.5 mg L^-1 6- Benzyl amino purine (BAP) + 2.0 mg L^-1 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid (2, 4-D) and 2.0 mg L^-1 Kinetin(Kn) + 2.0 mg L^-1 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid (2, 4-D) was the best treatment for cotyledon mediated callus and regeneration simultaneously.

2 illus, 4 tables, 6 ref

019483   Venugopalakrishna Kurup V;Babu E A; Madhusoodanan P V (Botany Dep, Calicut Univ, Kerala-673 635) : Wide occurrence of Marattia fraxinea Smith (Marattiaceae) in south India. J Econ Taxon Bot 2008, 32(1), 72-5.

Wide occurrence of Marattia fraxinea Smith, a rare fern in the Western Ghats, South India, has been reported. Taxon also described and illustrated.

2 illus, 19 ref

019482   Valya G;Ragan A (Plant Systematis Laboratory, Botany Dep, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal,506 009, Email: raganajmeera@yahoo.co.in) : Chemotaxonomy of the Indian helobiae. J Econ Taxon Bot 2008, 32(1), 90-7.

'Helobiae' are a natural order as conceived by Engler to include certain Liliopsida (Monocotyledonae) of Magnoliophyta. The constituent members of the group form the helobial endosperm. It was attempted to examine the naturalness of this group from the standpoint of distribution of certain secondary metabolites (nucromolecules). The study discusses the relationships of the taxa of the Indian Helobiae at afferent levels of the major taxonomic categories. An assessment of the present chemical data against the recent systems of classification of Helobiae revealed that it is largely in agreement with the treatment of Takhtajan, though not fully.

1 illus, 1 table, 25 ref

019481   Swain P K;Rama Rao N;Sanjai Mohan (Wood Biodegradation Centre (Marine ), Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Via Yoga Village, Beach Road, Andhra Univ Post, Visakhapatnam-530 003) : Hitherto less-known Mangrove habitats and additions to the flora of Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh, India. J Econ Taxon Bot 2008, 32(1), 76-85.

Nine mangroves, four mangrove associates and one marshy plant are reported here as additions to the flora of Visakhapatnam district and described here with all floristic details. These were collected from five mangrove habitats, namely Bangarammapalem (Sarada and Varaha estuarine complex), Gangavaram (Dibbapalem), Meghadrigedda, Pentakota and Pudimadaka of Visakhapatnam district. Three unrecorded mangrove habitats, namely Gangavaram, Pentakota and Pudimadaka are reported here for the first time along the east coast of Andhra Pradesh, India.

21 ref

019480   Singh P R;Sahoo D R;Singh S P;Ajeet Kumar; Ajay;Singh A K (Post Graduate Department of Botany, Magadh Univ, Bodh Gaya-824 234) : Effect of storage fungi on the decay of chilli fruits. J phytol Res 2007, 20(2), 247-50.

Based on their frequency of the total isolates, ten spp. of storage fungi of chilli fruits were selected to observe their effect on decay, storing them at varying RH at 30 ± 0.5 °C for a period of 30 days. Consequently, it was found that all the spp of fungi inflicted discoloration of the pericarp and mouldiness, loss of capsaicin and dry wt besides lessening the strength of detachment of the pedicel from the pericarp. These changes were magnified proportionately with rise of RH level of storage. Aspergillus flavus was found to play the leading role to inflict above changes.

5 tables, 14 ref

019479   Singh K R;Rama Kant;Singh R;Tiwari G L (Botany Dep, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Uttar Pradesh)) : Morphological studies on Nostochopsis lobatus under cultural coditions. Natn J Life Sci 2007, 4(2), 129-32.

Deals with the growth behaviour and morphological observations in Nostochopsis lobatus Wood em. Geitler under culture conditions. GenusNostochopsis belongs to the order Stigonematales, Cyanophyta, which possesses complicated morphology and filamentous organization. Nostochopsis lobatus formed spherical or hemispherical mucilaginous balls in liquid nitrogen deficient medium, whereas radially spreaded thalli were formed on solid agar surface. Filaments formed frequent reverse-v shaped branches and lateral loops under cultural conditions. Branches had frequent terminal heterocysts with very long 2-12 celled pedicel. Terminal heterocysts also developed on under side of the lateral loop on short lateral branches (2-3 celled pedicels). Hormogones and akinetes were also observed under cultural condition. Akinetes show in-situ germination.

1 illus, 1 Table, 9 Ref

019478   Singh H K;Saxena M;Yadav S (Laboratory of Plant Cytogenetics, Botany Dep, Bareilly College, Bareilly-243 001) : Cytogenetic studies of zinc sulphate on root mitosis of Vicia faba L.. Pollut Res 2007, 26(2), 227-31.

Cytogenetic effects of zinc sulphate were tested on somatic chromosomes of Vicia faba. The root tips of Vicia faba were treated with different concentrations of zinc sulphate aqueous solution-100 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm, 750 ppm and 1000 ppm for 2, 4 and 6 hours. The results showed that zinc is mitodepressive in all concentrations except 100 ppm treatment, which was mitopromotor. The treatment also induced several chromosomal abnormalities such as chromosomal breakage, chromatid separation, disturbed metaphase, grouping of chromosomes, ring chromosome, scattering of chromosomes, stickiness of chromosomes, condensation of chromosomes, chromosomal extrusion, formation of laggard and polarity abolition. During recovery treatment a slight improvement was observed in mitotic index.

5 illus, 1 tables, 12 ref

019477   Siddizue S;Khan S S (Microbiology Dep, Saifia College of Science and Education, Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh)) : Effect of distillery effluents of vesicular arbuscular mycelium (VAM) and fresh plant weight in Glycine max. Natn J Life Sci 2007, 4(2), 151-4.

A field experiment was conducted (o study the effect of distillery effluents like raw spent wash (RSW), bio-methanated spent wash (BSW), recommended NPK and FYM (farm yard manure) and control (no fertilizer and effluent) on VAM and weight of plant Glycine max, both fresh and dry. The study revealed that NPK + FYM showed highest VAM infection followed by BSW, RSW and lowest in control in that order. A more or less similar trend was observed for increase in biomass of plant.

3 tables, 11 ref

019476   Shweta Singh;Dixit R D (NO, Botanical Survey of India, 10-Chathum Lines, Central Circle, Allahabad) : Fern-allies of central India. J Econ Taxon Bot 2008, 32(1), 27-37.

Provides up to date data on the fern-allies of central India for the first time. 5 families, 9 genera and 22 species have been reported from various parts of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattishgarh states of central India. Keys to the genera and species are provided to facilitate easy identification. Enumeration of the each species of fern-allies with current nomenclature, basionym and important synonyms, notes on the ecology and distribution in central India and specimens examined have been provided.

24 ref

019475   Shrivastava J N;Satsangi G P;Ajay Kumar (Microbiology Lab, Botany Dep, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed Univ), Dayalbagh, Agra-282 005, Email: jns07_123@yahoo.co.in) : Incidence of keratinophilic fungi in waterlogged condition of paddy soil. J envir Biol 2007, 29(1), 125-6.

Prevalence of keratinophilic fungi was observed in paddy field soil during different stages of cultivation viz., transplanting, tillering, milking and maturation. Out of total 76 soil samples, 65 soil samples were found to be positive for the keratinophilic fungi. Fourteen species belonging to a single genus Chrysosporium were isolated through out the cropping season. C. keratinophilum (17.1 %) followed by C. tropicum (13.15%) were found to be the most dominating geophilic species. The highest percent distribution of keratinophilic fungi appeared during the milking stage (100 %) of paddy cultivation, followed by the maturation stage (89.47%).

2 tables, 20 ref

019474   Sharma S (Toxonomy & Morphology Lab, Post-Graduate Department of Botany, Dungar College, Bikaner (Raj)-334 001) : Systematic position of genus dipterygium decasine. J Econ Taxon Bot 2008, 32(1), 161-6.

Dipterygium glaucum Decne. an endemic species of the ' Thar Desert' is taxonomically very interesting because it shows characters of the Brassicaceae, Capparaceae as well as its own distinguishing characters. Presence of reduced gynophore bring the genus close to Capparaceae, while 3-zonocolpate with 3 colpi pollen with reticulate ornamentation makes it close to Brassicaceae. Various evidences make support to keep this genus separately from Brassicaceae and Capparaceae to a new monotypic proposed family Dipterygiaceae to include this genus.

1 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

019473   Shantha T R;Vasanthakumar K G;Gopakumar K (NO, Regional Research Institute, Ashoka Pillar, Jayanagar, Bangalore-11) : Pharmacognostical studies on the leaf of Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb) bosser, Rubiaceae. J Econ Taxon Bot 2008, 32(1), 128-48.

The communication deals with pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical studies on the leaf of Neolamarckia cadamba (=Anthocephalus chinensis (Lam.) A. Rich. ex Walp.) which is a commonly known medicinal plant in the indigenous system of medicine and is mentioned in early classical texts of Indian medicine as one of the important medicinal plant having therapeutic utility in a number of diseases. However, no reports are available on their microscopic characteristics and standardisation studies on the leaf; hence, the present study attempts to investigate the microscopical, quantitative microscopic characters and preliminary phytochemical studies. The studies revealed the presence of rubiaceous type of stomata on the lower side of the leaf, simple elongated unicellular trichomes, calcium oxalate crystals, oil globules, brown tannin content, wedge-shaped vascular bundles which are collateral, conjoint, open with abundant phloem fibers arranged in the form of a ring, secretory cavities in the laminar region, petiole having methyl salicilate aroma when it is crushed by hand. These characters will help in the identification of the leaf drug Kadamba.

14 illus, 16 ref

019472   Selvam A B D (NO, Pharmacognosy Section Botanical Survey of India, P.O. Botanic Garden, Howrah-711 103) : Fluorescence analysis on the leaves of Taxus wallichiana Zucc.. J Econ Taxon Bot 2008, 32(1), 47-50.

The investigation deals with the fluorescence analysis on the leaves of Taxus wallichiana Zucc. under ultraviolet radiation and also under daylight. The powdered leaves were treated with various chemical reagents and the characteristic fluorescence patterns emitted were recorded and are reported. Study was undertaken as a pharmacognostic standardization to ascertain the identity or authenticity of this plant in its crude form and also to check any adulteration that may be used in sale.

1 table, 11 ref

019471   Saxena K K;Roy S (Botany Dep, Rajasthan Univ, Jaipur-302 004) : Allium species : the potent medicinal herbs-a compilation. J phytol Res 2007, 20(2), 303-08.

The Allium species were among the earliest plants cultivated for spices. It was identified by primitive food-seekers by its distinctive smell, which is known to be associated with organosulfiir compounds. The popularity of Allium species in folk medicine is through the centuries for treatment of such varied disorders as dog bites, insect stings, ear aches, burns and wounds, baldness, headaches, chest colds, respiratory ailments, asthma, pneumonia, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and rheumatism. Allium species can be attributed to their pungent aroma and strong taste.

1 table, 28 ref

019470   Saradha Jyothi K;Kubireddi S Malini;Mamata M; Subba Rao B (Botany Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam-530 003) : Anti-bacterial response of twelve plants of folk-lore medicine used against Diabetis mellitus. J phytol Res 2007, 20(2), 161-70.

In vitro experiments were conducted to assess the anti-bacterial activity of hexane and methanol extracts of twelve important plants of folk-lore medicine against four gram-negative and three gram-positive bacteria. Moreover, plants of the present studies have been used for their hypoglycemic activity against diabetes. Therefore, it is proposed to test whether they exhibit any pattern of relationship in their action against the screened microbes. The extracts of all the eleven plants excepting Momordica exhibited activity against the screened microbes but to different levels. The efficacy of each extract varied against each of the strain. To our knowledge there are only one or two reports in Mimosa pudica. The present study has revealed that its extract was a potential agent against the gram - positive bacteria like Enterococcus faecalis and Proteus vulgaris involving both hot and cold methanolic extracts. Inspite of their significance in folk-lore medicine, the plants like Curcuma longa, Withania, Trigonella and Ficus bengalensis were found to be less efficient in their activity against most of the positive and negative bacteria. However, our results have clearly shown the potential efficacy of Emblica officinalis as a broad spectrum microbial agent followed by Syzygium eumunii and Azadirachta indica in that order. It was also found that hexane extracts were less effective as compared to cold and hot methanolic extracts. Again, the distribution of no active zones (complete absence of zones) were more in the cold extract than in the hot one, more so with the gram - positive bacteria. It is concluded that the kind of extract profoundly influences the nature of antimicrobial activity indicating the importance of aqueous extracts in such studies.

1 illus, 3 tables, 42 ref