015531   Pandey S;Gupta K;Mukherjee A K (Botany Dep, B. B. College, Asansol, Burdwan-713 303, Email: spandey_01@rediff.com) : Impact of cadmium and lead on Catharanthus roseus - a phytoremediation study. J envir Biol 2007, 28(3), 655-62.

The Madagascar Periwinkle, Catharanthus roseus (L) G. Don (a valued medicinal plant) was exposed to different concentrations of heavy metals like, CdCl₂ and PbCI₂ with a view to observe their bioaccumulation efficiency. Germination was inhibited by both the heavy metals in the seeds previously imbibed in GA. and KN0₃ for 24 hr. EC₅₀ (the effective concentration which inhibits root length by 50%) was recorded as 180 μM for CdCI₂ and 50μM for PbCI₂. Both α-amylase and protease activity were reduced substantially on treatment of seeds with increasing concentrations of CdCI₂ and PbCI₂. Malondialdehyde (MDA) a product of lipoxigenase (L OX) activity also increased due to the treatment of both CdCI₂ and PbCl₂ When two-months-old plants grown in normal soil were transferred to soils containing increasing amounts of these two heavy metals, senescence of lower leaves and extensive chlorosis were noticed after four days of transfer. However, plants gradually acclimatized and after 20 days the chlorophyll content was almost comparable to normal. Plants receiving CdCl₂ treatment (250μg g^-1and less) became acclimatized after two weeks and started normal growth. But PbCI₂ of 432μgg^-1 and less could not affect the plant growth throughout, after a preliminary shock was erased. In case of CdCI₂ treatment, a stunted, growth with reduced leaf area, reduced biomass and sterility were recorded after six months, while plants show normal growth and flowering in case of PbCI₂ treatment. Total alkaloid was also found to be decreased in the roots of CdCI₂ treated plants. No change was observed in case of PbCl₂. GA₃ treatments to the CdCI₂ treated plants show internode elongation and increase in leaf area with relatively elongated leaves and thinning of stem diameter. AAS analyses of leaves of treated plants exhibited 5-10% accumulation of cadmium, but there was no accumulation of lead at all.

7 illus, 2 tables, 24 ref

015530   Pandey A;Das M; (Botany Dep, Dr. H S Gour Univ, Sagar) : Seed viability of some medicinal plants. Int J Pl Sci 2007, 2(1), 169-74.

Seed is germinated when the radical bursts through the outer covering". Germination test is not possible in seeds with underdeveloped embryo, dormancy, hard seed coat and in the conditions not favorable for germination. Seed viability is the state of being capable of germination and subsequent growth and development of normal seedling. Emphasis is given on the seed viability study of Medicinal plant i.e., Andrographis paniculata and Gymnema sylvestris through seeds by biochemical test and cutting test. These tests are in practice since long time.

6 tables, 14 ref

015529   Narain Satya;Ranjan V (Botany Dep, Allahabad Univ, Allahabad-211 002) : Flora of Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh (family- Ranunculaceae to Elatinaceae). Flora Fauna 2007, 13(2), 273-80.

The Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh includes seven districts as Banda, Chitrakoot, Hamirpur, Mahoba, Jalaun, Lalitpur and Jhansi Flora of Bundelkhand region comprises more than 1000 species. Out of these 47 species of 33 genera and 19 families are enumerated from Ranunculaceae to Elatinaceae. The enumeration includes upto date nomenclature, brief description, distribution, habitate, phenology, ecology, locality, field numbers and the names of plants collector.

15 ref

015528   Mullai K;Jebanesan A;Pushpanathan T (Zool Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar-608 002) : Bioactivity of the leaf extract of Luffa acutangula roxb (Cucurbitaceae) against the mosquito aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera : culicidae). J expl Zool 2007, 10(1), 165-7.

Larvicidal efficacy of the leaf extract of Luffa acutangula with four different solvents were tested against late third larval instar of Aedes aegypti. The larval mortality was observed after 24 hours exposure. The LC₅₀ values of Ae. aegypti with ethyl acetate, benzene, petroleum ether and methanol were 51.80±1.43, 60.19±0.60, 63.53±0.29 and 76.64±1.10 ppm respectively. The eggs of Ae. aegypti was also tested for ovicidal activity, they were exposed to different concentrations of leaf extract ranging from 100 ppm to 600 ppm. The mean percent hatchability of the eggs were observed after 48 hours of treatment. A minimum dose of 100 ppm shows the mean hatchability of93.3±0.20, 92.0±0.50, 97.0±0.41 and 94.4±0.17 with ethyl acetate, benzene, petroleum ether and methanol solvent respectively. These results clearly reveals that the leaf extract of L. acutangula served as a potential larvicide and ovicide agents against Ae. aegypti.

2 tables, 12 ref

015527   Mishra M;Kotwal P C (Indian Institute of Forest Management, , Nehru Nagar, Bhopal (M.P.)-462 003) : Hravesting decline and economics of baichandi (Dioscorea daemona) in the natural forest of central India. Flora Fauna 2007, 13(2), 243-8.

Baichandi Dioscorea daemona climbers grow in the tropical dry deciduous forests in India Local people largely collect Baichandi tubers for domestic (edible) and medicinal purposes in Bhopal and Mandla (E) forest divisions of central India This plant is a major source of income to the villagers living adjoining to the forests. deteriorating condition of the species is very serious and needs immediate attention. The plant density (3.00/ha) as well as tuber yield (12.55 kg/ha) of this climber were found less in Mandla (E.) forest division while slightly more (Density-4.66/ha) in Bhopal division with tuber yield of 17.78 kg/ha. Unhealthy competition among the villagers was observed for immature harvesting and damage of mother plants while collecting tubers. Due to this tendency no tubers and seeds were left for future regeneration If control measures are not taken, the species will soon fall into the critically endangered category.

4 tables, 7 ref

015526   Meena A L;Kumar P (Plant Culture and Secondary Metabolites Lab., Botany Dept, Rajasthan Univ, Jaipur, Rajasthan) : Effect of an alkylating agent [mms] on germinations of Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Pisa Early Dwarf. Int J Pl Sci 2007, 2(1), 245-6.

Studies were carried out to investigate the germination of Lycopersicon esculentvm var. Pusa Early Dwarf raised from seeds treated with different concentrations (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%) of Methyl Methane Sulphonate (mutagen). Germination percentage increased in seeds treated with 0.1 % MMS but thereafter decreased at higher concentrations (0.2% to 0.4%).

1 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

015525   Mandal M;Maiti G G (Botany Dep, Kalyani Univ, Kalyani-741 235, Email: gaurmaiti@yahoo.co.in) : Stem-node continuum and leaf anatomy of Canella alba Murr.. J Bot Soc Bengal 2007, 61(2), 103-8.

The work is directed towards understanding of the vascular continuity from stem through petiole to leaf, investigation on wood elements, nodal, petiolar and foliar anatomy along with foliar vasculature pattern. Node is trilacunar with one trace to each gap.. Palisade tissue is quite different in shape from the conventional type.Stomata slightly depressed, predominantly paracytic, variable in size, even with the presence of giant stomata. Calcium oxalate crystals are present within the mesophyll of leaf. Venation is brochidodromous, with random areolations, having the free vein endings and the vasculature is ensheathed with sclerenchymatous sheath. Marginal venation is incomplete. In respect of these anatomical features, Canellaceae is closer to Winteraceae except the vesselless condition of latter and then with Schisandraceae. However, it markedly differs from Canellaceae by floral and pollen characters. Further, it is undoubtedly very near to lliciaceae except the unilacunar nodal structure of latter.

s, 19 ref

015524   Lata N;Vishwakarma K;Dubey V (Botany Dep, C.M.D. P.G. College, (Gurughasi Das Univ), Bilaspur (C.G.), India) : Effect of salinity on growth and metabolic contents of Hydrilla verticillata. Flora Fauna 2007, 13(2), 303-5.

Deals with the physiological behavior of Hydrilla verticillata (L.F.) Royle. in relation to various salinity concentrations. The aquatic plant, collected from the Chilika lake was taken as experimental material and cultured aseptically under different salinity concentrations of lake water. Physiological and biochemical parameters were analyzed in response to variations. Growth parameters, pigments and metabolic contents were studied and compared.

4 tables, 14 ref

015523   Lahiri S;De A B (NO, M G Science Institute, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad-380 009) : Record of phellinus quel. from Gujarat (India). J Bot Soc Bengal 2007, 61(2), 137-42.

Four species of Phellinus Quel. namely Phellinus-durissimus (Lloyd) Roy, Phellinus linteus (Berk, et Curt.) Teng, Phellinus merrillii (Murr.) Ryv. and Phellinus rudis (Berk.) Zeng., have been recorded for the first time from the state of Gujarat. All of them were found to cause white rot of angiospermic trees. Morphological and anatomical characters of these species along with their hosts are given herewith.

s, 6 ref

015522   Lahiri R (Botanical Survey of India, Central Circle, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Ethnomedicinal survey of Sanjay National park of district Sidhi, Madhya Pradesh, India. Flora Fauna 2007, 13(2), 289-9.

One hundred fifty four species of angiospermic as well as pteridophytic plants were collected from Sanjay National Park, district- Sidhi, Madhya Pradesh. The common names and ethnomedicinal uses of these plants are given.

11 ref

015521   Jana T K;Ghosh S N;Das A K (Mycology and Plant Pathology Research Lab, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Presidency College, Kolkata-700 073) : Meliolaceae of Nagaland, India-IV. J Bot Soc Bengal 2007, 61(2), 123-30.

Two new meliolaceous fungi viz., Appendiculella nagalandis and Meliola kohimanensis causing leaf spots on magifera spp and Eugenia oblate Roxb respectively were collected from Zunheboto and kohima districts of Nagaland. These are described and illustrated in this paper.

s, 2 tables, 24 ref

015520   Jain S K;Pandey M; (Institute of Pharmacy, Bundelkhand Univ, Jhansi (U.P.)-284 001, Email: monika_pharma@yahoo.co.in ) : Pharmacognostical and preliminary pytochemical studies on leaves of Hyptis suaveolens (L.). Flora Fauna 2007, 13(2), 317-22.

It was attempted to summarize the pharmacognostical characters and preliminary properties of the leaves. Histological colour reaction and fluorescence analysis were also carried out. Pharmacognostical evaluation included examination of morphological and microscopical characters and determination of phytochemical constants (Ash Values). Phytochemical screening included, qualitative chemical examination, determination of % yield and extractive values.

3 tables, 17 ref

015519   Gupta S;Pandey-Rai S;Srivastava S;Naithani S C;Prasad M;Kumar S (NO, National Institute for Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Post Box No. 10531, New Delhi-110 067, Email: sushil2000_01@yahoo.co.in) : Construction of genetic linkage map of the medicinal and ornamental plant Catharanthus roseus. J Genet 2007, 86(3), 259-68.

Integrated genetic linkage map of the medicinal and ornamental plant Catharanthus roseus, based on different types of molecular and morphological markers was constructed, using a F₂ population of 144 plants. The map defines 14 linkage groups (LGs) and consists of 131 marker loci, including 125 molecular DNA markers (76 RAPD, 3 RAPD combinations; 7 ISSR; 2 EST-SSR from Medicago truncatula and 37 other PCR based DNA markers), selected from a total of 472 primers or primer pairs, and six morphological markers (stem pigmentation, leaf lamina pigmentation and shape, leaf petiole and pod size, and petal colour). The total map length is 1131.9 cM (centiMorgans), giving an average map length and distance between two markers equal to 80.9 cM and 8.6 cM, respectively. The morphological markers/genes were found linked with nearest molecular or morphological markers at distances varying from 0.7 to 11.4 cM. Linkage was observed between the morphological markers concerned with lamina shape and petiole size of leaf on LG 1 and leaf, stem and petiole pigmentation and pod size on LG8. This is the first genetic linkage map of C. roseus.

1 illus, 4 tables, 41 ref

015518   Gohil T G (Biology Department, B K M Science College, Valsad, Gujarat) : Addition to the plants for the flora of Goa, Diu, Daman, Dadar and Nagar Haveli and about rare tree plants of the area. Int J Pl Sci 2007, 2(1), 234-5.

Describes 40 dicotyledons and 5 monocotyledons, in all 44 taxa, spread over 31 angiosperm families collected from these areas during 2003-2004.

4 ref

015517   Gohil T G (Biology Department, B K M Science College, Valsad, Gujarat) : One new record and one distributional record form Pardi taluka and two new records and one distributional record from Valsad taluka for Gujarat flora. Int J Pl Sci 2007, 2(1), 220-1.

Three taxa was noted as new record for Gujarat flora in Pardi and Valsad Taluka and two as new distributional record from Pardi and Valsad Taluka in valsad District respectively in Gujarat.

2 ref

015516   Ghosh D;Chakraborty P;Gupta Bhattacharya S (Palynology & Environmental Biology Div, Botany Dep, Bose Institute 93/1 Acharya, P.C. Road, Kolkata-700 009, Email: Swatigb29@yahoo.com) : On the pollen biology of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. J Bot Soc Bengal 2007, 61(2), 91-6.

Pollen biology of angiosperms is very significant in experimental embryology, plant breeding and agriculture. There is a growing interest to study the sequence of events involved in plant sexual reproduction and to use the knowledge for crop development. Pollen viability and germination, pollen-pistil interaction, isolation of gametes and in vitro fertilization are of special interest. Experiments, in this field have been done in detail using systems like Zea mays; Plumbago zeylanica and Nicotiana tabacum, although the number is few and the experimental protocols are variable. Double fertilization process is not fully understood till date. The study describes the semi vivo pollen germination followed by microscopic studies on an ornamental as well as medicinal herb Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don of Apocynaceae family. Flowers were emasculated and pistils were pollinated in laboratory conditions. Pollen grains germinate on stigma, pollen tubes go through style and when the ovary is removed in due time, they come out through the cut-end of the pistil. In this stage, the twin sperms, products of the same generative nucleus, are observed by staining them with methyl green. A sperm cell at the tip of the pollen tube was located (before release) by fluorescent microscopy. In another set of experiments, the steps after fertilization were observed by transmission electron microscopy. These studies are important for experimental embryogenesis, in vivo fertilization and wider range of fertilization experiments.

s, 24 ref

015515   Ganguly G;Mukhopadhyay R (Pteriodology Research Laboratory, UGC Center of Advanced Study, Botany Dep, Burdwan Univ, Golapbag-713 104) : Pteridophytic flora of south Sikkim, India. J Bot Soc Bengal 2007, 61(2), 165-85.

Sikkim is a floristically rich state, specially for pteridophytes. This state was previously, partially explored by Mehra and Bir (1964). The study records 128 pteridophytic species and 5 varieties, belonging to 61 genera and 33 families from South Sikkim. Polypodiaceae is the largest family having 12 genera and 35 species, followed by Dryopteridaceae (3 genera and 12 species), Athyriaceae (2 genera and 7 species), Pteridaceae (6 species), Vittariaceae (5 species), and others with 4, 3, 2 or 1 species. It is worth noting that out of 64 families of pteridophytes considered by Pichi Sermplli (1977) in his classification more than 50% of the families are represented in South Sikkim. Two species namely Hypolepis alpina (Blume) Hook and Lepisorus ussuriensis (Regal et Maack) Ching have been found from South Sikkim as new records.

9 ref

015514   El-Husseini N;El-Ghani M M A;El-Naggar S (Herbarium, Faculty of Sciebce, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt, Email: elghani@yahoo.com) : Floristic analysis and biogeography of tubiflorae in some arid regions. Int J Ecol envir Sci 2007, 33(1), 1-21.

Species distribution and biogeography of the Egyptian Tubiflorae were examined in detail. Found 284 species of vascular plants belonging to 96 genera and 12 families, making the Egyptian Tubiflorae richer in species than that of other arid region floras: Libya and Saudi Arabia. The most species rich families were Scrophulariaceae, Boraginaceae, Labitae, Convolvulaceae and Solanaceae, constituting more than 85% of the total species in the order. The generic spectrum dominated by a suite of species-rich genera (Convolvulus, Heliotropiulll, Veronica, Solallulll, Salvitl, Cuscuta, Eclziul1l, Ipomoea and Orobanche). Therophytes were the most dominant life forms among the families, followed by chamaephytes and hemicryptophytes. Boraginaceae and Scrophulariaceae had the highest share of annuals. Remarkable distribution patterns of the life forms in the seven studied biogeographic zones were noticed. Trees were dominant in the Mediterranean zone, while shrubs, perennial herbs and therophytes were dominant in the Sinai. Altogether 8 endemic species and 14 near-endemics were included in the Tubiflorae of Egypt; mostly from southern Sinai. It was found that Labiatae and Scrophulariaceae were the families with higher concentration of endemics. Notably, Teucrium was among the genera of the Mediterranean Africa with highest endemism. Gamma diversity varied from 171 in the Sinai Peninsula to 43 and 39 in the Oases of the western Desert and along the Red Sea, respectively. Interestingly, highest significant values of similarity and species turnover (beta diversity) were observed between the Oases and the Nile lands. It is worthy noting the combined effect of both temperature and precipitation on gamma diversity of Tubiflorae in the 7 biogeographic zones. Results indicated that almost one-half of the species showed a certain degree of consistency, i.e., with narrow geographic expansion. On the basis of UPGMA clustering and PCoA analysis, 4 floristic groups were recognized, each include one or more biogeographic zone. The occurrence of the species of Tubiflorae in the adjacent regional arid floras and their phytochorological affinities, were discussed.

6 illus, 7 tables, 72 ref

015513   Dongare M (Botany Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur-416 004, Email: meena_dongare@yahoo.com) : Biomass study of cuttings and seedlings of Excoecaria agallocha L. under fresh water conditions. Biosci Res Bull 2007, 23(1), 39-43.

The biomass was studied through regeneration of cuttings and seedlings of E. agallocha L. under fresh water conditions by nursery technique. Better performance was observed with auxins alongwith increasing concentrations. Best response is observed in the seedlings than the stem cuttings. Seedlings planted in the earthen pots gave more biomass than in small polythene bags.

1 illus, 3 tables, 8 ref

015512   Dhaulakhandi M;Rajwar G S (Botany Dep, Government Post-Graduate Coll, Post Box No. 64, Rishikesh-249 201, Email: rajwargs@hotmail.com) : Production dynamics and system transfer functions in a grazingland of an oak forest of Garhwal Himalaya, India. Int J Ecol envir Sci 2007, 33(1), 73-81.

Describes biomass and net primary productivity of a grazingland in a montane forest of Garhwal Himalaya. Four sites were selected for the study, which were open, and located on south and north aspects, i.e., south upper slope (SUS), south lower slope (SLS), North upper slop (NUS) and north lower slope (NLS). All the sites had similar type of growth pattern representing peak biomass value in September ranging for 640.50 to 780.6 g m^-2 Net aboveground and belowground production peaked in different months. Site NUS was subjected to some biotic interference as cattle of shepherd and nomadic people visited it. ANP ranged form 664.7 to 853.2 g m^-1 yr^-1 and peaked in September on three sites. BNP was recorded highest in November and ranged from 858.2 to 1062.1 g m^-2 yr^-1 on all the sites. The sedges had highest contribution on three sites while the grasses were dominant on one site. Winter season was severe and long with food accumulation in belowground parts that is utilized in next growing season.

6 illus, 4 tables, 26 ref

015511   Debnath M;Mandal N C;Ray S (Botany Dep, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan-731 235, Email: ray_samit@rediffmail.com) : Survey of Cyanobacterial flora of Sagar island, West bengal. J Bot Soc Bengal 2007, 61(2), 83-9.

A systematic study of cyanobacterial flora of the estuarine habitats of Sagar islands was undertaken for the first time. In total 32 cyanobacterial taxa including 2 unicellular ( belonging to 2 genera), 22 non-heterocystous filamentous ( belonging to 6 genera) and 8 heterocystous filaments (belonging to 6 genera) forms were found from estuarine habitats of Sagar island. The taxa were identified on -the basis of morphological and morphometric characters. All planktonic cyanobacteria found were non-heterocystous and the genus Oscillatoria showed maximum species diversity. Microcoleus chthonoplastes was the main constituent of cyanobacterial mats and mud flats inundated by tidal water. Of the various physico-chemical parameters studied pH 7.92-8.1, salinity 3.4-6.1 ppt, inorganic phosphate 0.8-0.92 mg/L and dissolved inorganic nitrogen 1.2-1.34 mg/L (DIN) were of much higher values as compared to fresh water habitat (pH 6.7-7.2, phosphate up to 0.4 mg/L, DIN 0.3-0.51 mg/L). However, these increased values do not seem to have any effect on the morphology of the various physico-chemical parameters.

s, 1 table, 9 ref

015510   Das S K;Bhattacharjee A;Saha P K (Botany Dep, Bose Institute, 93/1, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata-700 009, Email: pksaha@bosemain.boseinst.sc.in) : Maintenance of seed vigour and viability of sunflower of some plant extracts under stressful storage environment. J Bot Soc Bengal 2007, 61(2), 187-92.

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) L. cv. Morden) seeds were pretreated with extracts of ginger rhizome, tuberous root of carrot and fruit skin of orange for 6 hours before accelerated ageing treatment. Pretreated seeds were allowed, to experience accelerated ageing treatment at 99.5% relative humidity (RH) in room-temperature (30 ± 20° C) for 60 days in a desiccator using 1.57% H₂SO₄. Seed vigour status was evaluated using a number of reliable parameters which include seed germinability, TTC stainability, leaching of soluble carbohydrates and amino acids, activity of dehydrogenase enzyme. During forced ageing period comparatively increased viability and vigour were found in seeds pretreated with the experimental plant extracts. The promising effects of the three tested extracts on storage potentiation of sunflower seeds under adverse storage condition showed to retain the seed potential and viability during the experimental period.

es, 21 ref

015509   Das M;Pandey A;Bajpai S P (Botany Dep, Dr. H S Gour Univ, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh) : Phenological events of certain medicinal plants. Int J Pl Sci 2007, 2(1), 130-2.

Records the phenological data of four important medicinal plant species Abrus precatorius, Mucunaprurita, Gloriosa superba ana Dioscorea bulbifera. Parameters on which the phenological observations were made are, vegetative phase, flowering phase, seed maturity phase, leaf fall phase . and budding phase. This phenological study gives us a complete guide line to understand the response of plant species to different climatic factors and the periodicity of the plant.

10 ref

015508   Colak A;Kolcuoglu Y;Sesli E;Dalman O (Biology Education Dep, Karadeniz Technical Univ, 61335 Trabzon, Turkey, Email: tugrulsesli@yahoo.com) : Biochemical composition of some Turkish fungi. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(3), 2193-9.

The fructification organs of Macrolepioia mastoidea, Lepista nuda, Handkea excipidiformis, Amanita rubescens and Boletus queletii were analyzed in terms of moisture, nitrogen, protein, crude fat, carbohydrate, vitamin C, ash. energy values and trace element contents (Zn. Mn. Fe. Cu. Cd. Pb. Co and Ni). The chemical composition of the specimens in dried matter g/100 g, moisture 74.03-92.5 %, nitrogen 4.36-7.08 %, protein 27.30-44.20 %, crude fat 2.70-27.50 %, total carbohydrate 29.70-65.30 %. vitamin C 0.01-0.05 %, ash 2.00-10.00% and energy 397.66-493.90 kcal/100 g. The trace element contents of specimens were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry after microwave digestion. The results were (as mg/kg) 34.4-47.0 zinc, 22.8-100.0 manganese, 13.7-44.9 iron, 3.9-19.3 copper, 0.2-0.7 lead, 0.4-0.5 cobalt and 1.2-2.2 cadmium. These results make these edible wild mushrooms popular as a food source and it can be thought that these mushrooms may be cultivated.

3 tables, 21 ref

015507   Bukhari M J (Botany Dep, Goverment College Arts, Science and Commerce, Quepem, Goa) : Impact of mining on morphology anatomy and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal status of Cassia tora L.. Int J Pl Sci 2007, 2(1), 60-3.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal propagules and morphological and anatomical variations were observed in Cassia tora L. from the disturbed and the undisturbed site of Codli iron ore mine. Maximum spores were recovered from undisturbed site 150 spores/ l00g rhizosphere soil while from disturbed site only 78 spores/l00g rhizosphere soil were reported. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization recorded from undisturbed site was 70% and from disturbed site was 50% and was characterized by the presence of hyphae, hyphal coils vesicles and arbuscules. A total of 7 arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species belonging to four genera viz., Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Glomus, and Scutellospora were recorded. It was observed that Cassia tora from mining areas exhibited significant morphological and anatomical variation and showed poor growth in terms of plant height, shoot length, root length and leaf length as well as the internal features varied significantly when compared with the plants from the surrounding undisturbed area of the mine site.

s, 2 tables, 23 ref

015506   Bhardwaja T N (NO, Kota Open University, Kota) : Marsileaceae : an amphibious heterosporous group of ferns the persisting enigma. Asian J expl Sci 2008, 22(2), 189-91.

Marsileaceae, the heterosporous aquatic/amphibious fern family forms a central, pivotal position in botanical compendium and thought in terms of botanical conundrums and riddles like the Land-Water Form Conversions, heterospory and the emergence of Seed Habit, Reproductive Biology features like micro- and Mega-spore differentiation, sporal aberrations in shape, size and number/sporangium, parthenogenetic/apogamous expressions, heterophylly juvenile adult leaf sequencing, leaf margin serrations-crenations, phototropic-photonastic leaf movements including nyctinasty, heliotropism and sleep-seista movements, Biological Clocks and chronobiological regulation, phytogeographic parameters like geographic Continental speciation and distribution of Marsileaceae (Cosmopolitan Marsilea, Restricted Pilularia, Endemic Regnellidium), plant nutrition to include biological regulation of LAND-FORM → WATER → FORM conversions in response to carbohydrate nutriton/CO₂ concentration Infrared treatment, Gametophytic regulation of sexual fertilization & genetic expression Vs Sporophytic goveinance.

8 ref

015505   Beigh S A;Ahmad J (Botany Dep, Faculty of Science, , Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110 062) : Effect of flyash on the growth potetial of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.). Int J Trop Agric 2007, 25(4), 987-94.

Flyash-the residual combustion product of coal, has been-established as a fertiliser for various plants in low concentration but toxic when present in excess amount. To evaluate the effect of flyash on linseed (one of the important medicinal and economical plant) the authentic seeds were sown in mid October, 2003 in earthen pots containingf:ve different concentrations of flyash amended soil on w/w basis i.e. control, 5%, 10%, 25% and 50% of flyash concentrations. After analysing the various biochemical parameters at pre-flowering, flowering and post-flowering stages, plant showed maximum chlorophyll, total soluble sugar and soluble protein at 5% flyash concentration. NR-activity and nitrate content were maximum at 10% flyash concentration. Pro line content observed gradual increase with the increase in flyash concentration. Therefore, we concluded that, the ut1 1fzation of flyash in low concentration (5-10%) can be productive for the linseed plant and can be implemented to enhance its important chemical constituents and biomass.

6 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

014292   Yadava R N;Jharabade J (Natural products laboratory, Chemistry Dep, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Univ, Sagar-470 003) : Fatty acids composition from Xanthium strumarium. Linn. Indian J appl Life Sci 2007, 3(2), 47.

^ssc1 table, 4 ref

014291   Waheeduzzama M;Jawahar Lal M;Arulmozhiyan R; Indhumathi K (Floriculture and Landscaping Dep, Horticulture College and Research In, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore-641 003, Email: jawaharflori@yahoo.com) : Integrated nutrient management practices to improve flower yield in anthurium (Anthurium andreanum lind.). J ornamental Hort 2007, 10(1), 42-5.

An investigation was carried out at the Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Botanic Gardens, Horticultural College and Research Institute, T.N.A.U., Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, to study the effect of integrated nutrient management practices in improving the flower yield of Anthurium andreanum Lind. cv. Meringue. The experiment was conducted with six kinds of organic substrates along with inorganic fertilizers. The treatment combination of Panchagavya 4% +5% recommended dose of fertilizers favourably influenced the plant height (32.40 cm), number of leaves per plant (6.20), days to first flowering (206.50), number of suckers per plant (4.20) and flower yield per plant (5.90 No.). The root characters such as number of aerial roots per plant (2.60), number of primary roots per plant (12.50) and root length (15.30 cm) were also be found to be the best in the same treatment. The results proved that Panchagavya at 4% foliar spray + 50% recommended dose of fertilizer is optimum for the growth and yield of anthurium flowers.

2 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

014290   Vinod Kumar;Qureshi T A;Shukla J P (Applied Aquaculture Dep, Barkatullah University, Bhopal) : Physico-chemical parameters in relation to phytoplankton population of Sikandarpur Reservoir, Basti (U.P.). J appl Biosci 2007, 33(2), 164-6.

Sikandarpur, located in south Basti, is an untouched major water reservoir (about 98 hec.) from biological study view point. The reservoir was studied for its physico-chemical features and phytoplankton population for one year. It was divided in four different sites (S₁, S₂, S₃ and S₄). The mean annual rainfall was recorded to be 1085 mm with 46 rainy days. The physico-chemical Characteristics of water were conducive for phytoplankton production. Phytoplankton populations were dominated by Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Myxophyceae. Chlorophyceae showed dominance over Myxophyceae and Bacillariophyceae.

3 tables, 24 ref

014289   Velu S;Ramesh T;Ranganathan P;Mullainathan L (Botany Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar-608 002) : Glastogenic effects of gamma rays, EMS and SA in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek. Geobios 2007, 34(4), 273-5.

Effect of gamma rays, ethylmethane sulphonate (EMS) and sodium azide (SA) on chromosomes during meiosis in Vigna radiata var Vamban-2. showed aberrations like univalents, trivalents, multivalents, ring chromosomes and laggards. The frequency of cells showing chromosomes aberrations gave a linear increase with dose. EMS produced the highest chromosomal abnormalities.

1 table, 10 ref

014288   Upreti D K;Nayaka S;Tandon J;Bajpai A (Lichenology Lab, NBRI, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226 001) : Lichens of Kolkata city and Indian Botanical Garden, West Bengal. J appl Biosci 2007, 33(1), 70-2.

Occurrence of 26 species of lichens belonging to 13 genera and 9 families from 19 localities of Kolkata City and Indian Botanic Garden (IBG), Howrah, has been reported. IBG has the maximum diversity of lichens represented by 21 species. The lichen flora of IBG has been compared with an earlier enumeration by Roychowdhury in 1979 and significant change has been found, in the last 25 years, in the lichen flora of the area as only five species are common between the two studies.

14 ref

014287   Sumana V;Singaracharya M A (Microbiology Dep, Mamata Medical College, Khammam-507 002) : Plant extract as antimycotic drugs. Geobios 2007, 34(4), 217-20.

Methanol and acetone extracts of some leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, bark and rhizome were tested for their antimycotic activity on Trichophyton rubrum. Methanol extracts of caraway, clove, henna, tea, turmeric and ginger showed complete inhibition, while amla inhibited upto 96%. Among all the extracts, methanol extract of caraway seed showed maximum (90%) growth inhibition even at minimum (10%) concentration.

22 ref

014286   Sukumaran S;Raj A D S (Botany and Research Centre Dep, Scott Christian College, Nagrercoil, Tamil Nadu) : Rare, endemic, threatened (RET) trees and lianas in the sacred groves of Kanyakumari district. Indian For 2007, 133(9), 1254-66.

Thorough exploration for the rare, endemic and threatened species in the sacred groves of Kanyakumari District in Southern Western Ghats is lacking. The tropical climate and soil conditions coupled with the religious and social beliefs enabled these groves to harbour a large number of RET species, which are on the verge of extinction. Periodic botanical field studies revealed the occurrence of trees and lianas. Of these, most of them are evergreen and semi evergreen representatives. The similarity between the tropical forest of Western Ghats and sacred groves with their trees and lianas indicate that the vegetation stand as fragments of the evergreen tropical rain forest. The present study listed 36 RET species from 21 families belong to 29 genera of these 28 trees and eight lianas & climbers. Of which 28 trees from 21 genera belong to 16 families, 8 lianas & climbers from 8 genea under 8 families. Out of thirty six, 23 are endemic to Western Ghats, 3 to Peninsular India, and rest of them are endangered in southern Western Ghats and Tamil Nadu at present. These groves with such lofty and magnificent tree growths are also associated with many rare and endangered species. Lofty species are national monuments and their conservation will help to preserve these endangered species facing threats of extinction due to lack of habitats.

1 table, 45 ref

014285   Sudhanshu Kumar;Bandana Kumari (Botany Dep, P.P.K. College, Bundu, Ranchi, Jharkhand) : Some less-known 'Sags' (leafy vegetables) utilized by the tribals and other of Panch Pargana area in Jharkhand. Ethnobotany 2007, 19(1-2), 62-6.

Panch Pargana area of Jharkhand covers five blocks, Silli, Bundu, Sonahatu, Arki and Tamar, in Ranchi district. "Botha Bhat and Chotha Sag" (stale rice and sag) is the only food of the local poor people in this area Sags like Cassia tora are used as famine food. In addition to their nutritional value, 'Sags' have also been used for therapeutical purposes. The aim of the last five years of investigation of these wild leafy vegetables was to acquire knowledge about their nutraceutical values, medicinal uses and their palatability. Plantation of these potherbs in wasteland should be encouraged so as to make it a source of earning for poor communities. This would be aided by making the urban population well informed of their better taste and nutritional values. More than 51 such plant species are listed along with their voucher specimens. Out of 51 only a few less-known wild potherbs are described.

17 ref

014284   Subarmanyam R;Newmaster S G;Paliyath G; Newmaster C B (Integrative Biology Dep, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario OAC Herbari, Guelpli Univ, Canada, Email: ragu@uoguclph.ca) : Exploring ehhnobiological classification for noval alternative medicine: a case study of Cardiospermum halicacabum L. ('modakathon ',ballon vine) as a traditional herb for treating rheumatoid arthritis. Ethnobotany 2007, 19(1-2), 1-16.

New approach that utilizes tribal classifications and DNA barcoding in the exploration for remedies to common ailments, such as arthritis which is a leading cause of disability in adults all over the world. Medical research and consequently pharmaceutical companies have not been able to come forward with a specific drug for rheumatoid arthritis. Our survey of the Irula of Tamil Nadu, India revealed a complex taxonomy of several ethnotaxa for a plant called "Modakathon" or 'balloon vine' (Cardiospermum halicacabum I sensu lato), which has many associated utilities, including a remedy for joint pain In many cultures this plant is harvested in backyards tor both medicinal and food value. In fact, it provides an income supplement for some families from impoverished communities of third world countries. This review bridges centuries of aboriginal knowledge with a review of modern science in order to serve the needs of modern socicty for a cure to a common ailment such as rheumatoid arthritis.

3 illus, 1 table, 135 ref

014283   Solomon Raju A J;Rao S P (Environmental Sciences Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam-530 003, Email: ajsraju@yahoo.com) : Passerine bird-pollination in the dry season blooming Butea superba Roxb. (fabaceae) in the Eastern ghats. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2007, 104(1), 120-1.

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014282   Sivasankaramoorthy S;Venkatesan A (Botany Dep (DDE), Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar-608 002) : Influence of seawater on growth and organic constituents of Acanthus ilicifolius Linn.. Geobios 2007, 34(4), 225-8.

Influence of seawater (0 to 100%) on growth and organic constituents of Acanthus ilicifolius show that protein and starch increased with increasing salinity upto 50% of seawater, thereafter it is gradually reduced. Amino acid and total sugar content decreased with increasing salinity upto 50%, beyond which it gradually increased. Proline increased upto the extreme level of seawater (100%).

1 table, 20 ref

014281   Singh K;Singh P;Kapoor M (Floriculture and Landscaping Dep, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana-141 004) : Effect of vase and pulsing solutions on keeping quality of standard carnation (Dianthes caryophyllus Linn) cut flowers. J ornamental Hort 2007, 10(1), 20-4.

Vase solution containing aluminium sulphate (200 ppm) improved vase life of cut carnation (Dianthes caryophyllus Linn.) flowers and sucrose synergized the effect of aluminium sulphate. Vase life of cut flowers was maximum (11.45 day) in solution containing sucrose (5%) + aluminium sulphate (200 ppm). Among different combinations comprising of sucrose, biocides and ethylene antagonists, the maximum vase life (13.44 day) was observed when the stems were pre-treated with STS, ImM under cool conditions (at 4±0.5°C) for 24 h followed by placing the stems in vase solution containing sucrose (5%) + aluminium sulphate (200 ppm). This was closely followed (13.00 day) by STS (4mM) pre-treatment for 15 min (at 23±2<255>C) and subsequently placing the stems in vase solution mentioned above. Among the pulsing treatments, maximum vase life (11.89 day) was obtained with solution containing sucrose (10%)+ aluminium sulphate (200 ppm)+ STS (0.2 mM). Exposure of flowering stems to 1-MCP, 100 ppb (for 30 min) significantly improved vase life, which was comparable to STS, 4mM treatment (15 min). Exposure of stems to 1- MCP followed by placing the stems in vase solution containing sucrose (5%)+ aluminium sulphate (200ppm) synergistically improved vase life.

4 tables, 12 ref

014280   Singh A K (Horticulture Dep, College of Agriculture Univ, Govind Ballabh Pant, Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263 145, Email: anilsingh_hort@rediffmail.com) : Response and integrated nutrient management on growth and flowering attributes in rose. J ornamental Hort 2007, 10(1), 58-60.

A field experiment was conducted to find out the response of integrated nutrient management on growth and flowering in rose. cv. Gruss-an-Teplitz. Treatment consisted of 50, 40, and 30 g/m² NPK by chemical fertilizer (C.F.), 4 kg FYM + remaining required dose of NPK by C.F., 4 kg FYM + remaining required dose by C.F. + Azotobacter, 4 kg FYM + remaining required dose NPK by C.F. + Phosphate solubilising bacteria (P.S.B.), 2 kg poultry manure (P.M.) + remaining required dose of NPK by C.F., 2 kg poultry manure (P.M.) + remaining required dose of NPK by C.F. + Azotobacter, 2 kg P.M. + remaining required dose of NPK by C.F. + P.S.B. and control (without application of manure and fertilizers). These doses were applied at the rate of per m². Experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. Among growth parameters, maximum leaf biomass and dry weight of leaves were recorded with 4 kg FYM + remaining required dose of NPK by C.F. + P.S.B. which was at par with all the treatment except control. Maximum number of II order lateral shoots/plant was recorded with 4 kg FYM + remaining required dose of NPK by C.F. + Azotobacter. However, all the treatments were failed to exert any significant effect on the diameter of I order lateral shoots. Regarding flowering parameters, maximum number and weight of flowers/plant, diameter of flower and number of petals/flower was recorded with NPK (50, 40, and 30 g/m²) by chemical fertilizer. All these parameters were statistically of par with 4 kg FYM + remaining required dose of NPK by C.F. + Azotobacter. However, maximum dry weight of flowers/plant was recorded with 4 kg FYM + remaining required NPK by C.F. + Azotobacter. Maximum flower yield was recorded with NPK (50,40, and 30 g/m²) by chemical fertilizers followed by 4 kg FYM + remaining required NPK by C.F. + Azotobacter. Non significant difference was observed between these 2 treatments on all flowering and yield attributes. Therefore, half dose of chemical fertilizers can be saved by application of 4 kg FYM + remaining required NPK by C.F. + Azotobacter.

2 tables, 6 ref

014279   Shukla A;Tewari J P (Botany Dep, M.L.K. College, Balrampur-271 201) : Changes in nitrogen metabolism of Cucumis sativus (L.) leaf infected with three strains of watermelon mosaic virus. Geobios 2007, 34(4), 237-40.

Infection of three strains of watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) on Cucumis sativus leaves indicated that the levels of total nitrogen, total protein, nitrate and nitrate nitrogen and some of the free amino acids (aspartic, glutamic, proline, serine and cysteine) were higher in comparison to healthy plants, but ammonical nitrogen, threonine, alanine, glycine and lysine were low.

1 illus, 16 ref

014278   Shiva K N;Nair S A (NO, Indian Institute of Spices Research, Post Bag No. 1701, Marikunnu Post, Calicut-673 012, Email: shiva@iisr.org) : Community organization of some selected epiphytic ornamental flora of bay island. J ornamental Hort 2007, 10(1), 55-7.

In order to identify and understand the floristic composition of epiphytic ornamental flora, a survey was undertaken in the forest floor of Andaman and Nicobar Group of Islands. Among the epiphytic ornamental flora of Bay Islands, Asplenium nidus, Pyrrosia adnascens, Pothas scandens and Monstera deliciosa harbour on eight, three and two host specie, respectively and all of them represented in the strand vegetation. The epiphytic species are in general associated with its other genera, orchids, Ficus spp. and climbers. However, the distribution of epiphytic plant species and its hosts vary with the Island to Island eco-sytstem.

1 table, 4 ref

014277   Sheela D;Rajeev V K (Botany Post Graduate Dep, S.N. College, Cherthala, Alappuzha-688 582) : Phytosociological studies on Leucas zeylanica (L.) R. Br.. Geobios 2007, 34(4), 305-6.

^ssc1 illus, 1 table, 4 ref

014276   Sharma S C;Aggarwal R K (Botany Dep, Herbarium, Govt. Dungar P.G. College, Bikaner-334 003) : Aquatic plants of district Nagaur, Rajasthan. Geobios 2007, 34(4), 297-8.

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014275   Sharma M P;Kaur N (Botany Dep, Panjab Univ, Chandigarh) : Lichens of dalhousie hills: family physciaceae. Eco Res J Biosci 2007, 6(1-2), 62-70.

A critical appraisal of four genera spread over 13 species and 1 variety of lichen family Physciaceae based on collections made by Navneet Kaur from Dalhousie hills duly identified by microscopic preparations, comparison with allied species and thin layer chromatographic investigations in each case is given.

12 ref

014274   Sharma G;Singh P (Horticulture Dep, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Agricultural Univ, Raipur-492 006) : Response of N,P and K on vegetative growth, flowering and corm production in gladiolus under mango orchard. J ornamental Hort 2007, 10(1), 52-4.

Investigations were carried out to study the effect of fertilizer levels on vegetative growth, flowering and corm production attributes in gladiolus cv. White Friendship under mango orchard. Significantly maximum number of leaves per plant and number of florets per spike remaining open at a time, were recorded with treatment N₅₀P₂₅K₂₅ g/m², whereas significantly maximum plant height was obtained by application of N₄₀P₂₀K₂₀ g/m². Treatment N₁₀P₅K₅ g/m² advanced the time for showing colour in the first floret. Application of N₄₀P₂₀K₂₀ g/m² significantly increased spike length, number of florets per spike, diameter of first floret, life of spike as well as durability of whole spike under field and thus found as optimal dose for these floral characters. A gradual, steady and significant increase in corms produced per plant, corm size and weight as well as number of cormels per plant was observed with increasing fertilizer levels recording highest values at N₅₀P₂₅K₂₅ g/m².

1 table, 9 ref

014273   Sen S K;Behera L M (Botany Dep, Panchayat College, Bargarh-768 028) : Ethnomedicinal plants used in touch therapy at Bargarh district of Orissa. Ethnobotany 2007, 19(1-2), 100-4.

Plants used by tribals in touch therapy have been enumerated. Touch therapy is an old practice among the tribals and other rural people in Bargarh district of Orissa. In this therapy locally available plant species are used for the prevention and or cure of the diseases. The tribals such as Sahanra. Binjhal. Kondh and Gond were contacted and the information on 40 species belonging to 30 families from different pockets was documented. This knowledge has not been recorded earlier from the reported site.

1 table, 4 ref

014272   Sen S;Ashok Kumar;Charaya M U (Botany Dep, Microbiology Laboratory, C.C.S. Univ, Meerut-250 004) : Screening soil for cadmium tolerant microfungi. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect B 2007, 26(1-2), 57-61.

Soil samples were processed to obtain fungi tolerant to cadmium chloride using poisoned food technique. Control media as well as media supplemented with 40ppm, 200ppm and 400ppm concentrations of cadmium (in the form of CdCl₂) were used to isolate fungi by serial dilution plate method. In total. 15 species of fungi were isolated, none of which could lolerale the highest concentration i.e. 400ppm Venicillium glaucitm and Trichoderma lignorum were highly tolerant while Fusarium sp. and Sepedonium chrysopermum were moderately tolerant as judged by their appearance on the media containing cadmium chloride @ 200ppm and 400 ppm respectively The cfus of these organisms were, of course, lesser as compared to that on normal medium.

1 table, 9 ref

014271   Sanjay Kumar (Directorate of Plant Protection, , Quarantine and Storage, NH-IV, Faridabad-121 001, Email: sanjaykr@yahoo.co.in) : Synchronous senescence in neem trees in Bijnor and Jyotiba Phule Nagar districts of Western Uttar Pradesh. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2007, 104(1), 121-3.

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014270   Saler R S;Gangawane L V;Gaikwad V B (P.G. Botany Dep, K.T.H.M. College, Gangapur road, Nashik-2, Email: salerramiling@yahoo.co.in) : Biodiversity and rhizosphere microfungi of groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) C.V.SB-11 with special reference to fungicide Blitox-50 and Topsin-M. Bionano Front 2008, 1(2), 155-8.

Use of fungicides has become an integral and economically essential part of agriculture when resistance against a pathogen in a variety fails. Many fungicides are directly introduced into agricultural lands for management of soil borne diseases. Some part of the fungicide compounds administered as spray or dusts ultimately reaches into the soil as run off or drift and thus influence the microbial balance of soil. There fore, the study of tolerance of pesticides by micro-organisms has got much practical importance in maintaining the survival of saprophytic micro flora in soil. Now-a-days, the necessity of such study is emphasized all over the world. In order to understand tolerance of Blitoxª50 and Topspin-M present study under taken. These fungicides are generally used in the management of leaf spot and rust diseases of groundnut. Blitox-50 and Topsin-M were used and tolerance was studied by serial soil dilution plate technique. Quantitative results. At final tolerant concentration there was about 7 fold reduction in the fungal population of rhizosphere and about 5 fold in soil of Topsin-M and 5 and 2 fold reduction in rhizosphere and soil respectively in Blitox-50. Altogether 36 micro-fungi were recorded. Of those 27 occurred in rhizosphere and 19 occurred in soil of Blitox-50, while Topsin-M, 35 micro J fungi recorded, 25 were from the rhizosphere and 15 from soil. Micro fungi were shown different tolerance limit to these fungicides.

1 table, 13 ref