022350   Ene A C;Atawodi S E;Ameh D A;Kwanashie H O; Agomo P U (Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Maiduguri Outstation, PMB 1293, Maiduguri, Negeria, Email: atawodi_se@yahoo.com) : Locally use plants for malaria therapy amongst the Hausa, Yoruba and Ibo communities in Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2010, 9(3), 486-90.

A mini survey was conducted to ascertain the plants locally used in Northeastern Nigeria to treat malaria amongst the three major ethnic groups. Three traditional healers from each of the three Nigerian major ethnic groups (Ibo, Hausa and Yoruba) resident in Maiduguri were interviewed to ascertain the plants used traditionally in their locality to treat malaria. The study showed that the plants commonly used include Azadirachta indica, Magnifera indica, Psidium guajava, Carica papaya, Musa sapientum, Citrus Union and Cymbopogen citratus. Their selected parts are prepared in various liquid mixtures and administered orally. The herbalists claim that these traditional plants remedies are effective and elicit little or no side effects. However, the traditional healers treat malaria and a wide range of other health problems using medicinal plants of unverified efficacy in various unstandardized dosage forms. Hence, there is need for scientific evaluation and standardization of these formulations and dosages, if found effective, to eliminate the possibility of short to long term toxic effects.

1 table, 26 ref

022349   Chakraborty S K (NO, , EB-2, Sector 1, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700 064, Email: syamal_064@yahoo.com) : Biodiesel from algae: processes and prospects. Green Technol 2009, 8(Aug), 68-72.

1 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

022348   Bhattacharjee S (Post Gradute Dep of Botany, Hooghly Mohsin College, Chinsurah-712 101) : Triazoles as oxidative stress protectant for better growth performances in crops. Green Technol 2009, 8(Aug), 95-101.

Crop plants are often subjected to environmental stresses that interfere with normal physiology and imposes secondary oxidative stress, thereby affecting growth, development and crop yield. In this paper an effort has been made to assess the oxidative stress protecting behavior of a triazole compound, triadimefon. Amaranthus lividus has been used as experimental material to assess the role of Triazole compounds in combating oxidative stress. Imposition of salinity stress (100 mM NaCl, EC 1, 26mS) during early germination imposes a secondary oxidative stress in 120 hour old Amaranthus lividus seedlings (measured in terms of accumulation of reactive oxygen species, antioxidative defense system and oxidative membrane lipid and protein damages). In salinity stressed seedlings the balance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and scavenging reactions was disturbed significantly in favour of the former, showing significant accumulation of reactive oxygen species (H₂O₂ and O₂ ^{-) and reduction in the activities of ROS-scavenging enzymes (catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase), thereby initiating an oxidative stress. Seeds of Amaranthus when treated with triadimefon (37.5 mg L-1 and 50 mg L-1) alongwith NaCl salinity, significantly enhanced the activities of catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in 120 hour old seedlings. Triadimefon treatment also reduced the accumulation of both the ROS (H₂O₂ and O₂) in 5 day old seedlings. When oxidative membrane damages were estimated for triadimefon treated and salinity stressed juvenile seedlings and compared with untreated salinity stressed seedlings, it shows a clear reversal in oxidative membrane damages (measured in terms of lipoxygenase mediated membrane lipid peroxidation and membrane protein thiol content) induced by triadimefon under salinity stress. That triadimefon treatment under salinity stress restores the membrane integrity and improves the post germinative seedling growth could be supported by the data of membrane injury index (MII), relative leakage ratio (RLR), membrane permeability status (MPS), relative growth index (RGI) and mean tolerance index (MTI). So it appears that significant extent of salinity tolerance exhibited by triadimefon pretreated Amaranthus seedlings could be related to the mitigation of oxidative stress induced damages to the newly assembled membrane systems of juvenile tissues that enhanced salinity tolerance and better growth performances.}

4 tables, 43 ref

022347   Ayyanar M;Ignacimuthu S (Biodiversity and Biotechnology Div, Post Graduate and Research, Pachaiyappa's College, Chennai-600 030, Email: entolc@hotmail.com) : Plants used for non-medicinal purposes by the tribal people in Kalakad Mundan-Thurai Tiger Reserve, Southern India. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2010, 9(3), 515-8.

An ethnobotanical survey was carried out among the Kani tribals in Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve in Southern Western Ghats. The study mainly focused on the wild plants used by the Kani tribals in the reserve for various non-medicinal purposes (mat, net and rope making, construction, hedge, religious, decorative, to ward off evil spirits, fish poison and leech repellents) through structured questionnaires and consultations with very old and knowledgeable tribals. Of the collected plants, a total of 30 plant species were identified as economically important plants and a good number of plants are used for religious purposes. The investigation underlines the potential of ethnobotanical research and needs to document the traditional knowledge pertaining to the use of plants for greater benefit of mankind.

1 table, 14 ref

019127   Yadav A (Botany Dep, C.C.S.P.G. College, Heonra (Saifai), Etawah, Uttar Pradesh) : Incidence of phloem loading and unloading of cowpea mosaic virus in Vigna sinensis (L.) Savi.. Pl Archs 2010, 10(1), 83-9.

Within their host plants, viruses spread from the initially infected cells through plasmodesmata to neighbouring cells (cell-to-cell movement), until reaching the phloem for rapid invasion of the younger plant parts (long-distance or vascular movement). Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) moves from cell-to-cell as mature virions via tubules constructed of the viral movement protein. The characteristics of vascular movement of CPMV in Vigna Sinensis (L.) Savi (cowpea) were examined using green fluorescent protein expressing recombinant viruses. It was established that CPMV was loaded into both major and minor veins of the inoculated primary leaf, but was unloaded exclusively from major veins, preferably class III, in cowpea trifoliate leaves. Phloem loading and unloading of CPMV was scrutinised at the cellular level in sections of loading and unloading veins. At both loading and unloading sites it was shown that the virus established infection in all vascular cell types with the exception of companion cells and sieve elements. Further more tubular structures, indicative of virion movement, were never found in plasmodesmata connecting phloem parenchyma cells and companion cells or companion cells and sieve elements. In cowpea, sieve elements are symplasmically connected only to the companion cells and these results therefore suggests that CPMV employs a mechanism for phloem loading and unloading that is different from the typical tubule-guided cell-to-cell movement in other cell types.

3 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

019126   Vijayakumar K K;Paulsamy S (Botany Dep, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore-641 014, Email: paulsami@yahoo.com ) : Phenology of high altitude medicinal shrub, Gaultheria fragrantissima Wallich inhabiting the Shola forests of Nilgiris, the western ghats. Pl Archs 2010, 10(1), 435-7.

Detailed phenological records of the four ecological variants of the species, G. fragrantissima for various phenophases such as budding, vegetative growth, flowering, fruiting, seed maturity and seed dispersal were prepared. Reveals that the respective phenophases of all the four variants were happened uniformly in the same months. Generally, for all the four variants studied, the bud formation took place during the month of November and the leaf expansion continued upto the month of February. The flowering period, after the vegetative growth was noted generally during the months from March to May. Further, the months, June and July were noted to be active period for fruit formation for all the four variants followed by the seed maturation during the months July and August. The seed dispersal was happened mostly during the months, September and October.

1 illus, 18 ref

019125   Vijay Kumar;Chaudhary K;Sachan P;Nigam G; Singh P K (Botany Dep, , Bundelkhand University Campus, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, Email: highhopesclasses@gmail.com) : Plants used for rheumatism by the tribals of Bundelkhand region (U.P.), India. Pl Archs 2010, 10(1), 501-3.

Deals with some ethnomedicinal plant used by Kol, Sahariya and Kabootra tribe of Bundelkhand region (U.P.) for the treatments of rheumatism and arthritis. In all 21 plant spcecies belonging to families were collected during 2007-2009.

8 ref

019124   Venkateshwarlu M (Botany Dep, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506 009) : Morphogenetic response on cotyledon explants of Cucumis melo cv Bathasa. Pl Archs 2010, 10(1), 411-12.

1 table, 8 ref

019123   Venkateshwarlu M (Botany Dep, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506 009) : Effect of gamma irradiation in shoot tip culture of Cucumis melo cv. Bathasa. Pl Archs 2010, 10(1), 375-6.

The explants derived from seeds treated with EMS at 6 h duration produced more callus and shoots. The number of shoots and callus decreased with the increase of dose and duration of the mutagen. The irradiation shoot tip of Cucumis melo were inoculated of MS medium supplemented with cytokinins. Callus proliferated from cut ends with only BAP, that too with a poor percentage of response. 45% of cultures responded for callus proliferation on 2.0 mg/l BAP + 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D.

2 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

019122   Venkatesan S;Kamalakannan S;Manivannan K (Horticulture Dep, Faculty of Agriculture, Annalamai University, Annamalainagar-6-8 002, Email: venkihorti@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of post harvest treatment with spice solutions on the shelf life of tomato fruits. Pl Archs 2010, 10(1), 205-7.

Tomato is one of the most important vegetable cultivated all over the world. Lack of pre and post harvest treatment causes the post harvest losses in fruits and vegetables are very high. It can be minimised by proper pre and post harvest treatments. Hence, an experiment was carried out to extend the shelf life of tomato fruits by using natural preservatives and was conducted in a completely rendomised block design. The fruits were dipped in various tree spices solutions like cinnamon, clove and nutmeg at different concentrations viz., 0.5 1 g, 1 g and 2 g lit^{-1 of hot water for 30 minutes and kept in room temperature. The fruits were observed for shelf life, firmness and visible spoilage. The data revealed that post harvest dipping of tomato fruits in cinnamon @2 g lit-1 of water for 30 minutes could extend the shelf life up to 52 days without any decline in fruit quality.}

2 tables, 11 ref

019121   Uikey S K;Yadav A S;Sharma A K;Rai A K; Raghuwanshi D K;Badhkane Y (Molecular Biology and Seed Technology Lab, Botany Dep, Govt. Motilal Vigyan Mahavidhayala (MVM), Bhopal-462 008, Email: shilandra.uikey@yahoo.co.in) : In-vitro propagation of Psoralea corylifolia - an endangered medicinal plant. Pl Archs 2010, 10(1), 1-7.

Psoralea corylifolia Linn. is an important medicinal plant species, used in the treatment of various skin diseases. According to IUCN criteria Psoralea corylifolia has been categorised as critically endangered. This lead to a need for conservation of the plant. The plant is propagated by seed germination. A conventional method of propagation of Psoralea corylifolia through seed is not an adequate solution to meet the demand of pharmaceutical industry. To commercialise this plant and to meed the demand for planting material, tissue and organ culture technique are being used as alternative method for propagation in many country. New challenges for refinements of protocols for high rate of shoot multiplication and development of cost effective methods has gained importance in the recent past. Importance of liquid static culture for shoot proliferation and root induction for P. corylifolia is also discussed in the present review and should be paid to improve the technology to achieve 100% success in all species to meet growing demand of pharmaceutical industry. Further, the development of protocol for in vitro plant regeneration which is considered as most important step for successful implementation of various biotechnological techniques used for plant improvement programmes has been adequately addressed in literature. In P. corylifolia, there are several reports, which indicate rapid regeneration and multiplication through organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis. On the whole, the review gives a consolidated account of in vitro propatagion in P. corylifolia.

^iia1 illus, 2 tables, 32 ref

019120   Tanti B;Buragohain A K;Gurung L;Kakati D;Das A K;Borah S P (Cytogenetics and Plant Breeding Lab, Botany Dep, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781 014, Email: bt53@rediffmail.com) : Assessment of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Dendrocnide sinuata (Blume) Chew leaves-a medicinal plant used by ethnic communities of North East India. Indian J nat prod Resour 2010, 1(1), 17-21.

Traditional medicine plays an important role in the primary health care in India. Dendrocnide sinuata (Blume) Chew has been used as medicine for curing diseases by different tribal communities of North East India. An ethno-medicinal study was done among few tribal communities of this region through questionnaires in consultations with the tribal practitioners and has resulted in the documentation of various uses of the plant for curing diverse form of ailments. Further, in vitro study was carried out to investigate its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties from the leaf extract of the plant. The methanol and aqueous extracts of leaves were tested for their antimicrobial activity against three Gram-positive bacteria, three Gram-negative bacteria, one yeast species using Agar diffusion method and for their antioxidant activity using scavenging activity of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrozyl) radical method. Antimicrobial activity was observed against Gram-negative bacteria only. The highest antimicrobial activity was exhibited by the 75 and 100% methanolic extracts but no extract showed any antifungal activity against Candida albicans used in the study. The methanolic leaf extracts of 75 μg/ml and 100μg/ml concentrations also exhibited high free radical scavenging activity. The phytochemical screening demonstrated the presence of different types of compounds like terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids and others, which could be responsible for the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.

North East India1 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref

019119   Tamilselvi K S;Mohan V;Udaiyan K (Botany Dep, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Peelamedu, Coimbatore-641 004, Email: tamilselviks@yahoo.com) : Effect of soil properties on the distribution of AM fungi in Acacia ecosystems. Pl Archs 2010, 10(1), 33-5.

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi are ecologically significant because they form symbiotic relationship with the roots of host plants. The soil properties like temperature, moisture, pH and the nutrient availability influence the occurrence and distribution of AM fungi. Acacia mangium is one of the Australian acacias introduced in India and used for afforestation programmes. The study of effect of soil properties in the Acacia mangium ecosystem revealed that the soil was acidic with moderate amounts of macronutrient and with no appreciable variation in micronutrient. The spore population was highest during the month of October and lowest during January. Spore abundance increased from May to October, whereas highest percent colonisation was recorded during the month of January and lowest in April.

1 illus, 18 ref

019118   Tah J (Genetics and Plant Breeding Lab, UGC Centre for Advance Study, Botany, Burdwan University, Burdwan-713 104, Email: jagatpati_tah@yahoo.com) : GEI studies on the legume, Dolichos biflorus (L.): an ancient herbal medicine. Pl Archs 2010, 10(1), 73-8.

Twenty most promising inbred lines of Dolichos biflorus (L.) were selected for investigating the genetic organisation for stability and adaptability at this rice belt location. 6 microenvironments from July to December were considered as the sowing and growth periods. The microenvironments were found to vary between each other. Plants in each month were grown in replications with single line/plot and line means followed by replicated means for each line and for each character were obtained. 20 characters were observed which were found to be sufficient in representing the architecture of the plant type. (20 x 6) i.e. 120 replicated means were available for each of the 20 characters. The data were subjected to simple ANOVA with the sources of variation due to variety, environment and the error term. The inbred lines in additive variance were mostly found to be carrying least variation while environmental variance was significantly high in most of the characters. This predicted least variability that would be available to organise stability through genotype-environmental interactions in the high environmental variation. The range of heritability was observed to be varying from 0.00 - 95% which preducted certain characters as monitored by environments and the others by additive genes. However, it was clear that for stability, a greater amount of variability should be introduced. Regression analysis of single line for each character with regression coefficient values (1+βi) also reflected similar genetic architecture of the population.

3 tables, 17 ref

019117   Swamy K N;Seeta Ram Rao S (Botany Dep, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500 007, Email: ssrrao2002@rediffmail.com) : Effect of brassinosteroids on rooting and early vegetative growth of Coleus [Plectranthus forskohlii (Willd.) Briq.] stem cuttings. Indian J nat prod Resour 2010, 1(1), 68-73.

Brassinosteroids are new class of phytohormones and now considered as the sixth group of hormones in plants. They influence varied growth and developmental processes such as growth, germination of seeds, rhizogenesis, flowering, senescence and abscission and they are considered as plant hormones with pleiotropic effects. Emphasizes the importance of 28-homobrassinolide and 24-epibrassinolide in the root formation and root growth in case of coleus [Plectranthus forskohlii (Willd.) Briq.]. The study revealed the ability of brassinosteroids in increasing the root formation and root growth of treated cuttings over control.

3 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

019116   Suneetha J;Seetharami Reddi T V V;Prasanthi S (Botany Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam-530 003, Email: reddytvvs@rediffmail.com) : Traditional phytotherapy for bites in east Godavari district (Andhra Pradesh). Ethnobotany 2009, 21(1-2), 75-9.

The paper highlights uses of 45 ethnomedicinal plants with 46 prescriptions traditionally utilized by the tribals and other rural inhabitants in Hast Godavari district. The plant species are used either singly or in combination for the treatment of various kinds of bites and scorpion sting.

12 ref

019115   Subramanian D (NO, , 277, I-South Cross Road, Mariappanagar, Annamalainagar-608 002) : Mosses from south India. Pl Archs 2010, 10(1), 269-73.

During the firld trip to the plains and hill stations of South India, the author could get rare and new species of Mosses such as Rhodobryum roseum (Hedev.) Limpr. Bryum Billardifolium sp. nov.; Aerobryum Plumosa sp. nov.; A. bryoides sp. nov.; Pottia valparaiensis sp. nov.; Aeroybryopsis pygmaea sp. nov.; Lepyrodontopsis indicum sp. nov.; Barbellopsis trichophora var. gracilariensis var. nov. Neodicladiella pendula var. delicatula var. nov and Barbella diffusa sp. nov. and studied them.

7 ref

019114   Soosairaj S;Maheswari A (Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology Dep, St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli-620 002) : Extended distribution of a rare exotic legume Macroptilium lathyroides (L.) Urban var. Semierectus (L.) Urban. to central Tamilnadu, India. Pl Archs 2010, 10(1), 267-8.

Macroptilium lathyroides (L.) Urban var. semierectus (L.) Urban. is native to South America having highly restricted distribution in Tamilnadu and relative unknown in the Central and Carnatic regions of Tamilnadu. Due to its rarity, the distribution, description and illustrations are not documented in earlier works. Hence, this article provides the same to the interests of taxonomists.

6 ref

019113   Singh M;Singh O P;Singh M P (Botany Dep, T.D. College, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh) : Comparison of diversity and similarity indices dynamics between cultivated and neglected Gujar lake margin. Pl Archs 2010, 10(1), 323-7.

Study has been carried at lake margin of `Gujar Tal', Jaunpur (U.P.) by selecting two distinct sites (I & II), to observe the comparative study of dynamics of plant community diversity indices throughout the year. The diversity indices of plant community have been computed on the basis of density values, and similarity indices on the basis of plant species recorded at bimonthly intervals from April, 2008 to February, 2009. Site I showed more species richness and evenness as compared to site II. Similarity, Shannon and Weaver, Marglef's, McIntosh and Menhinic diversity indices values were higher at site in comparison of site II. In contrast, the concentration of dominance showed higher value at site II. Similarity indices values were always more than dissimilarity indices values, but on whole the values always remained less than unity.

1 table, 33 ref

019112   Singh M K;Singh S;Raja Ram (NO, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technoloyg (CSIR), Post Box No. 6, Palampur-176 061) : Economic analysis of Asiatic hybrid lily cultivation in Himachal Pradesh. Bhartiya Vaigyanik Evam Audyogik Anusandhan Patrika 2008, 16(1), 47-53.

Lilium which belongs to the family Liliaceae is the most important bulbous cut-flower crop. Among the different types of lily it was observed that there is the maximum demand for Asiatic hybrid lily cut flowers in the domestic flower market. In the country its cultivated area has increased in the last decade. Data of cost of cultivation of cut-flower crops are required for growers before they start the commercial cultivation of the flower crop. Aims to analyse the economic viability of Asiatic hybrid lily cultivation under 500m2 area. Every year, data were analysed and it was observed that there is the return of net income in the first and third year to the tune of Rs.21513 and Rs.265663, respectively by the sale of its flowers.

2 tables, 5 ref

019111   Siddamallayya N;Yazmeen A;Gopakumar K (NO, Regional Research Institute (Ay), Ashoka Pillar, Jayanagar I Block, Bangalore-560 011, Email: rribangalore@vsnl.net.in) : Medico-botanical survey of Kumar parvatha Kukke Subramanya, Mangalore, Karnataka. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2010, 9(1), 96-9.

Medico-botanical survey was conducted in Kumar Parvatha, at Kukke Subramanya in Sullia taluk during December 2005. A standard methodology was followed for documentation of 44 plant species being extensively being used for curing various human ailments.

4 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

019110   Shukla A N;Srivastava S;Rawat A K S (Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Div, National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR), Rana Pratap Marg, PB No 436, Lucknow-226 001) : Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants of Rewa district, Madhya Pradesh. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2010, 9(1), 191-202.

Ethnobotanical exploration study presents the folk medicinal uses of certain plants by tribes of the Rewa district in the Madhya Pradesh state. One hundred and sixty six plants from 69 families, which are therapeutically, used against different diseases, such as cough, cold, dysentery, diarrhoea, ulcers, diabetes, male and female weakness, snake-bite and skin disorders are covered. Part of the plants used, mode of drug administration in different ailments are discussed.

34 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

019109   Shiddmallayya N;Yasmeen A;Gopakumar K (NO, Regional Research Institute (Ay), Ashoka Pillar, Jayanagar, Bangalore-560 011, Email: siddmallayya_matapati@rediffmail.com) : Hundred common forest medicinal plants of Karnataka in primary healthcare. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2010, 9(1), 90-5.

Hilly regions of Western Ghat in Karnataka supported to have several thousands of medicinal plants along with other rich flora and fauna. It also helped to develop traditional knowledge and folklore of medicine to cure various diseases and ailments. This knowledge is used by supplier, agents and pharmaceuticals to exploit the rich forest resource in the form of raw drugs. The collection of drugs from natural condition is helping to generate employment to the families, which are living below the poverty line in the cover of forest. From the available, commonly available and regular in use medicinal plants of forests were selected for the study. Information was collected from local people, Vaidyas, physicians and literature about plant name, family, local name, Sanskrit name, parts used and uses to cure various health related problems.

1 table, 11 ref

019108   Shankar Ananth V;Rajeskhar K K;Haribabu R; Manasa;Swapna J;Venkatakrishnakiran P (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dep, Sri Padamavathi School of Pharmacy, Tiruchanoor, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh) : Physicochemical evaluation of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. Pl Archs 2010, 10(1), 209-10.

Plants of mother nature offers endless source of incredible biomolecules with therapeutic potentials. The study unveils physicochemical parameters of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. because to identify the adulterants and to improve the quality of the plant. This evaluation can also be used as a diagnostic tool in the correct identification of the plant.

1 table, 11 ref

019107   Shahi K;Yadav S R (Botany Dep, K.S. Saket P.G. College, Ayodhya-Faizabad-224 123) : Germination and growth studies of Brassica nigra infected with certain seed borne fungi. Pl Archs 2010, 10(1), 367-9.

Deals with the effect of certain seed borne fungi viz. Alternaria brassicae, Fusarium oxysporum and Pythium aphanidermatum on germination percentage, length of germ tube, leaf area ratio, number of leaves produced, length of seedling, leaf area and leaf weight ratio of the plant on a oil crop Brassica nigra cv. Mahi Gold at Faizabad district of eastern U.P. during 2008-09.

7 tables, 5 ref

019106   Sermakkani M;Thangapandian V (P.G. and Research Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore-641 029, Email: sermugali@gmail.com) : Antibacterial and phytochemical analysis of Martynia annua L.. Pl Archs 2010, 10(1), 223-25.

Deals with the studies on screening of phytochemical parameters of acetone leaf extracts of Martynia annua and their antibacterial effects. The antibacterial study was performed using the diffusion method on some clinically important gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains namely Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Proteus vulgaris. Phytochemical parameters screened were alkaloids, tannins, saponins, glycosides and phenols. Whereas flavonoids, steroids and resins were absent. The extract was more active against all three gram negative bacteria.

2 tables, 17 ref

019105   Saikia B;Borthakur S K (Botany Dep, Chaiduar College, Gohpur, Sonitpur-784 168, Email: skb_gu2@sifi.com) : Use of medicinal plants in animal healthcare- a case study from Gohpur, Assam. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2010, 9(1), 49-51.

Deals with the indigenous knowledge of local communities on medicinal plants used for curing various veterinary diseases in Gohpur, Sonitpur district, Assam state. Information collected are based on interview, observation and cross-checked with other herbal practitioners. Assamese, Bodo, Mishing, Nepali, Santhal and Karbi are the chief ethnic groups in this area. The uses of plant parts along with the mode of administration revealed that 20 plant species were used for curing 21 types of diseases.

1 table, 12 ref

019104   Sagar A;Thakur P (Biosciences Dep, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla-171 005) : Fungal associates of Ginkgo biloba L. and Platanus orientalis. Pl Archs 2010, 10(1), 287-91.

Ginkgo biloba and Platanus orientalis are two plants mainly grown for ornamental purposes. Studies conducted on the fungal associates of Ginkgo biloba revealed the presence of 12 fungal species belonging to nine genera (Aspergillus, Cunninghamella, Emericella, Fusarium, Gliocladium, Penicillium, Rhizoctonia, Stachybotrys and Starkyomyces) in its rhizosphere. Studies conducted on the fungal associates of Platanus orientalis revealed the presence of sixteen fungal species belonging to eight genera (Aspergillus, Cepalosporium, Fusarium, Gliocladium, Memnoniella, Penicillum, Phoma and Verticillum) in its rhizosphere, Four fungal endophytes (Chaetomium, Fusarium, Memnoniella and Penicillum) and four species of VAM spores (Gigaspora calospora, G. gigantea, Glomus formosum and Glomus fulvum) have also been isolated from different plant parts (root, stem and leaf) and rhizosphere soil samples of Ginkgo biloba respectively. Similarly, three fungal endophytes (Aspergillus oryzae, A. versicolar and Trichoderma sp.) and five species of VAM spores (Acaulospora appendiculata, A. scrobiculata, Glomus albidum, G. macrocarpum and G. reticulatum) have also been isolated from plant parts and rhizosphere soil samples of Platanus orientalis. This study is being extended to screen the use of these fungal associates (rhizosphere and VAM fungi) in the growth of these plants and commercial production of secondary metabolites from endophytes.

2 tables, 15 ref

019103   Rout S D;Panda T;Mishra N (Wieldlife & Conservation Biology Dep, North Orissa Univ, Takatpur, Baripada-757 003, Email: srusti d rout@rediffmail.com) : Ethnobotanical studies of Similipal Tiger Reserve, Orissa. Ethnobotany 2009, 21(1-2), 80-3.

This ethnobotanical study was conducted in Similipal Biosphere Reserve of Mayurbhanj district. The dominant tribes involved in using plants as medicines in the district are Santhal, Kol, Bhumija, Bhuiyan, Mahalis, Sounti and Saharas. This paper deals with the ethnobotanical information on fifteen plant species obtained through field surveys and taxonomic identification of plants.

1 table, 19 ref

019102   Rout S D;Panda S K (Wildlife and Conservation Biology Dep, North Orissa University, Takatpur, Baripada-757 003, Email: srusti_d_rout@rediffmail.com) : Ethnomedicinal plant resources of Mayurbhanj district, Orissa. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2010, 9(1), 68-72.

Seventy seven plant species belonging to 73 genera and 41 families are employed ethnomedicinally by the rural people in 11 villages of district Mayurbhanj. Ethnomedicinal uses of 8 plant species have been recorded for the first time from the region. Documentation of traditional knowledge on the ethnomedicinal uses of these plants is essential for conservation efforts for the plant resources and new drug development.

1 table, 16 ref

019101   Reddy K N;Trimurthulu G;Reddy C S (NO, Laila Impex R&D Centre, Unit-I, Jawahar Autonagar, Vijayawada-7, Email: reddykamasaninr@rediffmail.com) : Medicinal plants used by ethnic people of Medak district, Andhra Pradesh. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2010, 9(1), 184-90.

Ethnobotanical studies of Medak district yielded 80 angiospermic medicinal plants in the course of field surveys from 2002-2006. All the taxa have been collected, identified and data documented in consultation with the local old-age tribal people especially from Natuvaidyas village and elders cum owners of cattle, goat and sheep. In the enumeration, data is presented with botanical name, family, vernacular name, and uses.

21 ref

019100   Ramya P;Sheela T;Kulothungan S (Microbiology Dep, A.V.C. College, Mannampandal, Mayiladuthurai-609 305, Email: sheela_thillai@yahoo.co.in) : Comparative study of bactericidal and fungicidal action of plant extract with antibiotics. Pl Archs 2010, 10(1), 257-61.

Aqueous and ethanolic extract of dried leaves of 'Vitex negundo' and `Enicostemma littorale' investigated individually for in vitro antibacterial activity by well diffusion method against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and fungal pathogens such as Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans.

5 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

019099   Rama Prabha M;Vasantha K (Botany Dep, Avinashilingam University for Women, Coimbatore-641 043, Email: ramaprabhaph.d@gmail.com) : Effect of organic fertiliser and panchagavya spray on the growth and biomass of Cassia angustifolia Vahl.. Pl Archs 2010, 10(1), 279-80.

Analyses the effect of organic manures like vermicompost, biodynamic preparation, digested coir pith, and farmyard manure with and without the spray of panchagvya on the growth and biomass of Cassia angustifolia. The physical parameters like shoot length, root length, number of branches, number of inflorescence, fresh weight, dry weight and chlorophyll content of Cassia angustifolia was recorded at periodic intervals. From the results it was observed that the application of farmyard manure and 2% panchagavya has influenced the growth and biomss more than other treatments.

1 table, 3 ref

019098   Rajith N P;Navas M;Muhammad Thaha A;Manju M J;Anish N;Rajasekharan S;George V (NO, Amity Institute for Herbal and Biotech Products Development, Ambalamukku, PO Peroorkada, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, Email: palpuprakulam@yahoo.co.in) : Traditional mother care plants of rural communities of South Kerala. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2010, 9(1), 203-8.

Traditional Knowledge has been used for centuries by indigenous and local communities in healthcare. It is an important factor for sustainability of natural resource management. The women folk of the country play a vital role in the use and mobilization of such biodiversity based knowledge system. The efficacy of this knowledge is time tested and capable of healthcare management in the form of nutraceuticals and pharma food. The study aimed to document the existing system of traditional knowledge and utility pattern of medicinal plants related to pre and post natal care. This resulted in the documentation of 52 plant species belonging to 49 genera and 38 families, as 17 single drugs, 8 formulations of medicated water for bath (Vethuvellam), 5 formulations of nutraceuticals (Kurukkumarunnu), 4 formulations of food (medicated porridge). The plants are enumerated along with local name, type of plants, family name, parts used and mode of administration.

10 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

019097   Rajith N P;Navas M;Asha N L;Muhammad Thaha A; Vimal Kumar C S (Amity Institute for Herbal & Biotech Products Development, Ambalamukku, Peroorkada, Thiruvanathapuram, Email: palpuprakulam@yahoo.co.in) : Ethnobotanical studies on coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.) with special reference to South Kerala. Ethnobotany 2009, 21(1-2), 32-40.

Biodiversity and associated traditional knowledge exist as an indispensable component of life, culture and traditions of the people. India is a treasure house of such traditional knowledge (TK) and cultural practices. In different parts of the country, people make use of natural resources according to their needs in day-to-day life. The practices followed by the indigenous communities are generally oral in nature. Ethnomedico-botanical investigations on coconut palm have been carried out in the two southern districts, Kollam and Pathanamthitta, of Kerala. The paper enumerates the traditional use of coconut in medicinal and religious practices.

8 illus, 1 tabl, 9 ref

019096   Rajakumar N;Shivanna M B (P.G. Studies and Research in Applied Botany Dep, Kuvempu University, Jnana Sahyadri, Shankaraghatta-577 451, Email: mbshivanna@yahoo.co.uk) : Traditional Herbal Medicinal Knowledge in Sagar Taluk of Shimoga district, Karnataka, India. Indian J nat prod Resour 2010, 1(1), 102-8.

Ethno-medico-botanical field survey was conducted from May 2006 to July 2007 to document the uses of medicinal plants by traditional herbal healers in Sagar taluk of Shimoga district, Karnataka State, India. The information about plant species and their local name, part used, mode of drug preparation, dosage and duration was collected from 22 herbal practitioners and knowledgeable elder people residing in 10 randomly selected villages using semi-structured and questionnaire based interviews. In the study, a total of 48 plant species belonging to 44 genera and 31 families used by folk practitioners to treat various common to chronic human and veterinary ailments were documented. Traditional healers in the study villages have a fairly good knowledge about the medicinal values of locally available plants.

1 table, 22 ref

019095   Poornima B (NO, Subbaiah Hospital, Jail Road, Shimoga-577 201) : Ancient agrotechnology for conservation of medicinal plants - a need in current scenario. Pl Archs 2010, 10(1), 253-5.

Ayurveda, the traditional system of medicine continues to be matchless as for as health care system is concerned. Its time-tested therapeutics is based on the use of mainly herbal drugs. Now days the medicinal plants are in great demand as the Pharma companies are growing but the cultivation and propagation of medicinal plants are decreasing. Promotion of cultivation is of prime importance but this alone cannot ensure the long term availability of medicinal plants and inspite of cultivation of the species can still be extinct in the wild. So cultivation should asways be backed up by the conservation techniques by which we can protect the ecosystem from damage and it is the need of the day. Agro technology is the fluorishing science, which has developed technologies like Tissue culture, Genetic Engineering etc to promote the cultivation of medicinal plants. The ancient approach of agro technology found in Vrikshayurveda and other classics is unique. The ancient techniques for the conservation and cultivation of medicinal plants, which can adopt in present scenario.

6 ref

019094   Poornima B (NO, Subbaiah Hospital, Jail Road, Shimoga-577 201) : Phytochemical analysis of different market samples of Indian Dammar. Pl Archs 2010, 10(1), 193-6.

Indian dammar is an Oleoresin of the Shorea robusta Gaertn which is available in the market in different varieties such as yellow, green, bee wax coloured and black. It has the chemical constituents such as nor-trieterpene, dammarenolic acid, asiatic acid, dipterocarpol, triterpenic acid, tannic acid and phenol content. These constituents are responsible for the properties such as astringent, antibacterial, analgesic and wound healing effect. Due to its high medicinal value it is used in many formulations of Ayurveda when there is adulteration/substitution to these rawdrugs there is variation in therapeutic efficacy. Analyses the chemical constituents of the different varieties of Indian Dammar were taken for the study based on its colour such as bee wax coloured, green, yellow, black and were named as sample A, sample B, sample C, sample D, respectively. On subjecting it for the physicochemical analysis, preliminary phytochemical study, estimation of resin, volatile matter, tannin as tannic acid and high performance thin layer chromatography it was found that it's difficult to compare the constituents of different varieties of Indian dammar with the standard as they may be sample as they may be adulterated/substituted or derived from the different botanical source. But, on the basis of phytochemical analysis adopted in the study, the sample C (yellow coloured market sample) shows the values near to the standard sample values.

3 tables, 6 ref

019093   Patil D A (Post-Graduate Dep of Botany, S S V P Sanstha's, L K Dr P R Ghogrey Science College, Dhule-424 005, Email: dapatil_10aug@yahoo.com) : Significance of some vernacular plant names in Buldhana district (Maharashtra) vis-a-vis their origin. Ethnobotany 2009, 21(1-2), 91-94.

Researchers in ethnobotany in recent times have focused attention on many aspects of man-plant relationships One such aspect is etymology of vernacular plant names. Common vernacular names of plants in Buldhana district of Maharashtra are based on various features of plants, animals and human sentiments. Their Hindi and Sanskrit names in some cases are similarly based. They indicate not only ancient knowledge but also shows scope for further research.

7 ref

019092   Pathak R K;Chandra Jyoti (Botany Dep, D.A.V. (P.G.) College, Dehradun-248 001) : Occurrence of plant parasitic nematodes on citrus fruit trees in Doon valley. Pl Archs 2010, 10(1), 425-8.

In all, 16 species of plant parasitic nematodes have been identified in the soil of fruit orchards, individual and potted plants in the selected sites (Sahaspur-Selaqui belt, Dekrani, Harrawala, Mohebawala and Majri Grant) of Doon Valley during the period from May, 2007 to April. 2008. Many of the observed species are phytopathologically important parasites of fruits trees. With regard to abundance, Tylenchulus semipenetrans was on the top followed by Hemicriconimoides cocophilus, H. mangiferae and Meloidogyne incognita in succession. Maximum dominance was exhibited by Tylenchulus semipenetrans and next to it was Hemicriconimoides cocophilus and Meloidogyne incognita in succession. The maximum frequency was exhibited by Meloidogyne incognita while Xiphinema basiri was on the least. The symptoms associated with citrus nematode infestations include stunting of young trees (replant problem) and a "slow decline" of older trees.

1 table, 18 ref

019091   Patel R S;Patel K C;Patel N B;Shah R B (Biology Dep, K.K. Shah Jarodwala Maninagar Science College, Rambaug, Ahmedabad) : Uncommon trees resources to the ethnobotany from Ambaji forest of Banaskantha district (North Gujarat). Pl Archs 2010, 10(1), 391-3.

Deals with the uncommon trees resources for household implements, agricultural implements, musical instruments, ethnomedicine and many more miscellaneous ethnobotanical uses. During the present ethnobotanical investigations, emphasis was made to list out the ethnobotanical useful plant species of Banaskantha district of North Gujarat, India. Banaskantha district having hilly and forest areas with the range of Aravalli hills. Deals with 14 selected plant species belonging 14 genera and 12 families are being used in Ambaji forest area. The uncommon tree species of these forest areas are documented here with their botanical names, local names, family and their ethnobotanical uses. The species were arranged family vise according to the flora of Gujarat state.

9 ref

019090   Patel R S;Patel K C;Patel N B;Patel K;Shah R B;Joshi H V (Biology Dep, K.K. Shah Jarodwala Maninagar Science College, Rambaug, Ahmedabad) : Floristic survey of campus of art. com. & sci. college Borsad (Gujarat), India. Pl Archs 2010, 10(1), 293-7.

Present taxonomic account is based on field survey in the college campus, Borsad. It consists of total 67 Angiospermic families belonging 151 genera and 177 species. One Pteridophytes and three Gymnospermic plant species also noted. The dominant families are Malvaceae, Tiliaceae, Rutaceae, Fabaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Combretaceae, Apocynaceae, Convolvulaceae, Solanaceae, Bignonaceae, Acanthaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae, Commelinaceae, etc. A list of the botanical names, families, habit and common names given.

1 table, 10 ref

019089   Patel N B;Patel K C;Patel R S;Joshi H V; Bhandarkar V R (P.G. Center in Botany, Smt. Panchal Science College, Talod, North Gujarat) : Ethnomedicinal uses of some wild plant species of Vijaynagar, Danta and Ambaji forest areas of North Gujarat. Pl Archs 2010, 10(1), 443-6.

Now a days there is an increasing trend in the use of plant based remedies on one side and the severe depletion of traditional knowledge on using the phytoresources on the other hand. In this context an ethnomedicinal survey was underaken to record ethnomedicinal remedies of wild plants. Some uncommon ethnomedicinal uses of wild plants by tribal societies of Danta forest of North Gujarat are recorded. The study confined to Danta range forest of Banaskantha district in North Gujarat. The forest type is of dry deciduous and scrubs having the part of Aravalli hills. Highlights the less known ethnomedicinal uses of some wild plant species such as Anisomeles indica, Caesalpinia crista, Cassia auriculata, Euphorbia hirta, Chlorophytum borivillianum, Cocculus hirsutus, Dyerophytum indicum, Echinops echinatus, Kirganelia reticulata, Limonia acidissima, Maytenus emerginata, Moringa oleifera and the detailed of usages, sources and confirmation of data are discussed.

10 ref

019088   Patel K C;Patel N B;Patel R S;Shah R B (P.G. Center in Botany, Smt. S.M. Panchal Science College, Talod, North Gujarat) : Ethnobotany of woody plant resources from north Gujarat, India. Pl Archs 2010, 10(1), 49-55.

Deals with the woody plant resources for household implements, agricultural implements, musical instruments, ethnomedicine and many more miscellaneous ethnobotanical uses. From the Northern part of the Gujarat all four districts were selected. Among them Banaskantha and Sabarkantha are inhabited by various tribes. Based on folklore, woody plant species of these forest areas are used by tribal and rural people in their daily life. Ethnobotanical information about woody plant resources was gathered. The woody species of these forest areas are documented here with their botanical names, local names, family and their ethnobotanical uses. The species were arranged family vise according to the flora of Gujarat state.

8 ref

019087   Patel H R;Prajapati A L;Dabgar Y B (NO, Anart Shikshan Kendra, Vadnagar, North Gujarat) : Macrophytic diversity in certain wetlands of surrounding area of Vadnagar (North Gujarat), India. Pl Archs 2010, 10(1), 57-64.

Deals with the macrophytic plants of certain wetlands of surrounding area of Vadnagar. The study reveals that 49 species of angiosperms belonging to 28 families in habiting the different lakes, ponds, pool and marshy region. Ipomoea, Bonnaya and Cyperus are the dominant genera in marshy region. The association of Eichornia-Nymphea-Hydrilla and Ipomoea-Lemna-Hydrilla were very common. Plants of Azolla pinnata and Potamogeton nodosus were found in everywhere. Presents an account of the wetland diversity with seasonal distribution and association of plants on different wetland of surrounding area of Vadnagar.

4 tables, 8 ref

019086   Osawaru M E;Eholor R E (Plant Biology and Biotechnology Dep, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria, Email: edwinosawaru@yahoo.com) : Ethnotaxonomy and traditional use of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) among some Nigerian tribes in south Edo State, Nigeria. Pl Archs 2010, 10(1), 181-9.

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a crop plant commonly in traditional agriculture in Nigeria. This communication is aimed at documenting the ethnotaxonomy and traditional uses among some tribes of Nigeria from their local knowledge. The primary information was collected from randomly selected respondents through survey using quentionnaires and direct contact. Ten sites within sevel Local Government Areas that constitute the study area were visited; and tribes, socio-demographic characteristics, local knowledge and traditional uses were documented. Result indicated that 500 persons comprising of 70% females and 30% males of ages ranging 30-89 years old with dominant age 50-69 (61.2%) recorded the highest age sampled. Nine tribes were recorded. The nine tribes varied in their socio-cultural and economic characteristics, local names and other aspects of their local knowledge. Traditional uses include food and non-food purposes. Information emanating from the study states that the knowledge. Traditional uses include food and non-food uses include medicine (100%), and body beautification/traditional costume (22.6%). In traditional medicine, it is reported used to cure and treat malaria fever, typhoid fever, stomach upset, hypertension, cough, hepatitis, jaundice, bladder atony, rough and skin diseases. The result indicates the crop plant is of prime importance in traditional medicine and the local names depict long awareness of the crop plant among tribes of the respondents.

1 illus, 5 tables, 46 ref

019085   Osawaru M E;Dania-Ogbe F M (Plant Biology and Biotechnology Dep, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria, Email: edwinosawaru@yahoo.com) : Ethnobotanical revelations and traditional uses of west African okra [Abelmoschus caillei (A. Chev) stevels] among tribes in south western Nigeria. Pl Archs 2010, 10(1), 211-17.

West African Okra (Abelmoschus caillei (A. Chev) Stevels] is a multipurpose annual, biennial herb endemic in the West African subcontinent. It is grown mainly for leaves, fruits seeds floral parts and stems. An important cash crop in the local economy, it is produced in traditional agriculture especially when other vegetables are not in season. Aimes at documenting the traditional uses among population that are involved in production, utilisation and management of the crop in the study area. A survey using ramdom structured interviews and guided walks in 54 sites was carried out in three South-western states namely, Delta, Edo and Ondo. Field studies consisted of 540 persons between 18-87 years old and above were interviewed. Respondents were from nine tribes with different socio-cultural and economic characteristics. Uses recorded include rainy season indicator (8%), sponge (11%), rope (12%), fuel (15%), soil fertility indicator (19%), medicine (27%), myth/religion (32%), food (100%) and dry season/harvesting time indicator (100%). All uses are tribe dependent except food and an indicator for dry/harvesting seasons. The crop is of prime importance in plant utilisation pool of the tribe of the study area.

1 illus, 3 tables, 21 ref

019084   Nitu Singh;Srivastava A (Botany Dep, D.G. College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh) : Effect of copper on biomass production in Vicia faba L.. Pl Archs 2010, 10(1), 461-2.

Attempt was made to examine the effect and tolerance of a food crop Vicia faba L. at various levels of copper during 5-15 days of growth. The results showed an increase in accumulation of copper with reduction in biomass in roots and shoots. The accumulation of copper increased with increasing concentrations in nutrient medium and duration of treatment.

1 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

019083   Nisha M C;Rajeshkumar S;Subramanian M S (PG and Research Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, Email: keoshaniraj@gmail.com) : In vitro antibacterial activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra L.. Pl Archs 2010, 10(1), 263-5.

Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (family - Fabaceae - Leguminosae) is one of the important medicinal plant, commonly called as `liquorice'. The main ingredient of liquorice is `glycyrrhizin'. The anti-bacterial activities of the methanol, ethanol, acetone and chloroform extracts of G. glabra plant roots were tested against five bacterial species viz., Bacillus coagulans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi by the agar well diffusion method. The results indicated that the extract of G. glabra showed various antibacterial activities (7-14 mm/2μl inhibition zone) against the bacterial organisms tested. The methanol extracts did not inhibit P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. The ethanol extracts did not inhibit P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. The acetone extracts did not inhibit S. aureus. The chloroform and methanol extracts showed the inhibition effect against B. coagulans, E. coli and S. typhi but no inhibition effect against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Glycyrrhiza glabra has significant anti-bacterial activity with potential constituents targeting different components of anti-bacterial processes.

1 table, 11 ref

019082   Newmaster S G;Murugesan M;Ragupathy S; Nallasamy N;Balasubramaniam V (Floristic Diversity Research Group, OAC Herbarium, Univ of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario(Canada), NIG 2WI, Email: snewmast@uoguelph.ca) : Ethnobotany genomics study reveals three new species of the genus Biophytum DC (Oxalidaceae-geraniales) from Velliangiri hills in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, westerm ghats, India. Ethnobotany 2009, 21(1-2), 1-10.

The research utilized Traditional Tribal Knowledge (TK) and Scientific Knowledge (SK) to explore the relationship between scientific and tribal systems of botanical classification and the corresponding valorisation(s) of biological diversity in the Western Ghats of southern India. We worked with two tribal communities, namely, 'Irulas' and 'Malasars' of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve with an objective of evaluating the ability of different knowledge systems (SK and TK) to distinguish species belonging to the genus Biophytum. We discovered that the tribal informants identified three ethnotaxa representing three new species, namely, Biophytum velliangirianum, B. coimbatorense, and B. tamilnadense, which we confirmed using quantitative morphology and DNA evidence. The new taxa were confirmed by DNA barcoding and a morphometric analysis of the taxonomic eviderice including comparisons with several closely related taxa: Biophytum insignis Gamble, B. longipedunculatum Govind. and Biophytum proliferum (Arn.) Wight. The recognition of these taxa has several consequences for conservation of plant diversity in the Nilgiri Biosphere and possible applications to society-at-large given the ethnobrological importance of these new taxa to the local tribals.

3 illus, 40 ref