023305   Singh K P;Preetesh Kumari;Bhadauria S (Microbiology Research Laboratory, Botany Dep, Raja Balwant Singh College, Agra-282 002) : Management of Alternaria leaf blight of Dalbergia sissoo. Indian J For 2009, 32(3), 429-30.

Leaf blight in the seedlings and young trees of Dalbergia sissoo, an epidemic disease in nurseries and plantations, caused by Alternaria alternata is recorded from Western Uttar Pradesh. The symptoms of leaf blight started from margins and progressively to the midrib and giving a brown and crispy appearance to the infected leaves. To find out effective chemical fungicide for disease management, eight fungicides viz. Indofil M-45 [Mancozeb] (0.2%), Chlorothalonil (0.2%), Cuman-L [Ziram] (0.2%), Ridomil [Metalaxyl] (0.2%), Indofil Z-78 [Zineb] (0.2%), Copper oxychloride (0.2%), Jkstein [Methyl Benzimidazole Carbonate] (0.1%) and Topsin M [Thiophanate Methyl] (0.1%) were sprayed on D. sissoo seedlings in nursery. The results indicated that all the fungicides significantly reduced the disease incidence as compared to control. However, Indofil M-45 treatment was found to be most effective which exhibited 80.87 per cent disease control over control experiment.

1 table, 6 ref

023304   Singh D;Singh D K (Botanical Survey of India, Central National Herbarium, Howrah-711 103) : Isotachis japonica Steph.- and addition to Indian bryoflora from east Sikkim. Indian J For 2009, 32(3), 501-4.

Isotachis japonica Steph., a taxon so far known from China, Japan and Philippines is described for the first time in Indian bryoflora from East Sikkim. A key to the Indian species of the genus is also provided.

2 illus, 11 ref

023303   Singh A K;Singh A K (Botany Dep, T.D. (P.G) College, Jaunpur, (U.P.)) : Allelopathic potential of Parthenium hysterophorus L. on pollen germination and pollen tube growth of Phaseolus mungo cv. T-9 and Zea mays L.cv. Ganga safed-2. Asian J envir Sci 2009, 4(1), 62-5.

Parthenium hyterophorus L. was evaluated for its pollen allelopathy. Leachate obtained from the pollen grains of Parthenium caused significant inhibition in pollen germination i.e. 32.53% in Phaseolus mungo and 30.19% in Zea mays. Inhibition in pollen tube growth was 54.72% in Phaseolus mungo and 40.29% in Zea mays. Treatment with higher concentration exerted more inhibition in these parameters. Moreover, inhibition in pollen germination and pollen tube growth was found more in Phaseolus mungo than in Zea mays. Some pollen tubes of Phaseolus were found to be thin and some were distorted.

2 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref

023302   Shukla A N;Singh K P (Botanical Survey of India, Central Regional Center, Allahabad-211 002) : Some addition to the flora of Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve, Central India. Indian J For 2009, 32(3), 485-94.

The paper enumerates 55 taxa as new to the flora of Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve. Correct nomenclature with citation, family name, habitat, locality, field number and flowering and fruiting period of each taxon has been provided.

13 ref

023301   Sharma B;Kumar P (Laboratory of Plant Tissue Culture and Secondary Metabolites, Botany Dep, Rajasthan Univ, Bapu Nagar, Jaipur-302 004, Email: sharmabindu111@gmail.com) : Bioefficacy of Lantana camara L.against some human pathogens. Indian J pharm Sci 2009, 71(5), 589-93.

Antimicrobial efficacy of flavonoids (free and bound) and crude alkaloids of Lantana camara L. was determined by disc diffusion assay against three bacteria (Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Staphylococcus aureus) and two fungi (Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes). Minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration and total activity were also studied. Most susceptible microorganism in the present study was C. albicans followed by P. mirabilis, S. aureus, E. coli, and T. mentagrophytes. The range of minimum inhibitory concentration of tested extracts was 0.039-0.625 mg/ml while minimum bactericidal/ fungicidal concentration ranged from 0.078-1.25 mg/ml. Six extracts out of eleven tested showed same values of minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration, while rest showed higher values of minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration. Highest total activity (120.51 ml/g) was observed for bound flavonoids of root against Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. Results of the present investigation indicate that Lantana camara has good antimicrobial activity with low range of minimum inhibitory concentration hence can be exploited for future plant based antimicrobial drugs.

3 tables, 16 ref

023300   Saha P;Chatterjee P;Biswas A K (Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Botany Dep, Calcutta Univ, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700 019, Email: biswasak@yahoo.in) : NaCl pretreatment alleviates salt stress by enhancement of antioxidant defense system and osmolyte accumulation in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. wilczek). Indian J expl Biol 2010, 48(6), 593-600.

Enhancement of salt (Nad) tolerance by pretreatment with sublethal dose (50 mM) of NaCl was investigated in V. radiata seedlings. NaCl stress caused drastic effects on roots compared to shoots. Accompanying reductions in length, number of root hairs and branches, roots became stout, brittle and brown in color. Salt stress caused gradual reduction in chlorophyll, carotenoid pigment contents and chlorophyll fluorescence intensity also. Superoxide dismutase and catechol peroxidase activities increased under stress in both roots and leaves. But catalase activity showed an increase in roots and decrease in leaves. In these seedlings, the oxidative stress has been observed under salinity stress and the level of proline, H₂O₂ and malondialdehyde content were increased. But pretreatment with sublethal dose of NaCl was able to overcome the adverse effects of stress imposed by NaCl to variable extents by increasing growth and photosynthetic pigments of the seedlings, modifying the activities of antioxidant enzymes, reducing malondialdehyde and H₂O₂ content and increasing accumulation of osmolytes like proline. Thus, mungbean plants can acclimate to lethal level of salinity by pretreatment with sublethal level of NaCl, improving their health and production under saline condition.

4 illus, 2 tables, 46 ref

023299   Roy R K;Verma T S (NO, National Botanical Research Institue, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow) : Cute cannas for landscaping. Indian Hort 2009, 54(5), 27-8.

Cannes are popular ornamental plants for splashing colour to landscaping, be it a residential garden or a public park. A wide spectrum of flower colour-red, yellow, pink, bicoloured, spotted-can be utilized very significantly. Some varieties have got stunning foliage with unique colour combinations, producing bold effects.

ref

023298   Rautela K K;Dobriyal A K;Joshi V D;Negi K S; Rautela A S (Zoology Dep, Govt. Post Graduate College, Kotdwara, Garhwal) : Maturation biology of Garra lamta (Pisces: Cyprinidae) from river Khoh in Garhwal Himalaya. J Mountain Res 2006, 1, 1-6.

Deals with the maturation biology of Garra lamta (Pisces: Cyprinidae) from the river Khoh of Garhwal Himalaya, Uttaranchal. Based on the GSI, Dobriyal index, and occurrence of fish of different stages of maturity round the year, it was concluded that the fish spawns in a single protracted attempt during July-August.

1 illus, 4 tables, 12 ref

023297   Rana V S;Verdeguer M;Blazquez M A (Natural Product Chemistry Lab, Mdeicinal Plants and Horticultutal Resources Div, Institute of Bioreso, Tekyelpat Institutional Area, Imphal-795 001, Email: ranavs2000@yahoo.com) : Comparative study on the rhizomes essential oils three Zingiber species from Manipur. Indian Perfumer 2008, 52(4), 17-21.

Essential oils from the rhizomes of Zinglber officinale L., Zingiber montanum (Koenig) Link ex Dietr., and Zingiber zerumbet Smith, obtained by hydrodistillation method were analyzed using GC and GC-MS. The yields of the oil were found to be 1.1, 0.8 and 0.41% on dry weight basis (w/w). A total of seventy-seven compounds were identified. Fifty-six compounds, constituting 84.5% of the oil were identified in Z. officinale rhizome and main compounds were geranial (15.0%), neral (10.6), α-zingiberene (8.2), (α-farnesene (6.1), α-curcumene (5.0), geraniol (4.7), β-sesquiphellandrene (4.6), β - phellandrene (4.1), borneol (3.2), camphene (2.6), citronellol (2.4), 1,8-cineole (2.0), linalool (1.8), geranyl acetate (1.4) and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (1.1). In, Z. montanum rhizomes oil, twenty-five compounds (55.7%) were identified and major constituents were terpinen-4-ol (23.6%), sabinene (10.4), y-phellandrene (4.7), jy-terpinene (4.3), α-terpinene (2.4), cis-sabinene hydrate (1.1) and -pinene (1.0). Similarly, thirteen constituents (94.5%) were identified in Z. zerumbet rhizome oil and main compounds were zerumbone (88.5%), α-humulene (2.3) and humulene epoxide (1.4).

1 table, 32 ref

023296   Rana U;Nautiyal A R (High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre, H.N.B. Garhwal Univ, Srinagar-246 174) : Impact of auxins and sucrose treatment on rooting of hypocotyl cuttings of some leguminous tree species. J Mountain Res 2006, 1, 87-93.

Rooting of hypocotyl cuttings of two leguminous species studied was better than their stem cuttings. Maximum rooting in hypocotyl cuttings without any treatment (control) was recorded in Tamarindus Indica followed by Dalbergia sissoo. Rooting in hypocotyl cuttings of D. sissoo took place in all the treatments while it failed to occur in four of the fifteen treatments in T. indica. Addition of sucrose in rooting medium improved rooting in T. indica hypocotyl cuttings.

1 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

023295   Ram M;Ram D;Singh A (Agro Technology Dep, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow-226 015) : Evaluation of herb and essential oil yields of cirtonella java promising clones. Indian Perfumer 2008, 52(4), 50-3.

Field experiment was carried out on citronella Java during 2004-05 at Lucknow to evaluate the performance of three varieties/clones (M6-10, Bio-13 and Manjari) under three plant spacing (45X45, 60X30 and 60X45 cm). Results revealed that the newly developed clone M6-10 of citronella Java minimized the rate of mortality and showed 91.0% establishment of plants in the field, as against 67.0% and 83.0% establishment with the varieties Bio-13 and Manjari, respectively. The clone M6-10 produced significantly higher herb and essential oil yields by 30.7% and 28.8% over the varieties Bio-13. The respective clone (later on released as the variety CIM Jeeva) could maintain almost 100% plant population in the field which otherwise would not possible in case of existing varieties of citronella Java. The variety CIM Jeeva is recommended for commercial cultivation in the north Indian plains to get high amount of essential oil by maintaining optimum plantations in the field.

1 illus, 1 table, 4 ref

023294   Rajakumar T J S;Selvakumeri R;Murugesan S; Chellaperumal N (Centre for Botanical Research, P.G & Research Dep of Botany, St. John's College, Tirunelveli-627 002) : Didymocarpus sivagiriensis, a new species of gesneriaceae from Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu, India. Indian J For 2009, 32(3), 481-3.

A new species, Didymocarpus sivagiriensis, is described and illustrated. The species differs from its closely allied species, D. wightii (C. B. Clarke) Gamble, in having longer leaves, presence of glandular hairs, longer and dichotomously branched scapes, bluish corolla, puberulous style and longer capsules.

1 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

023293   Rajakumar T J S;Selvakumari R;Murugesan S; Chellaperumal N (Centre of Botanical Research, PG & Research Dep of Botany, St. John's College, Tirunelveli-627 002) : Biophytum puliyangudiense, a new species of Oxalidaceae from Tamil Nadu, India. Indian J For 2009, 32(3), 497-9.

A new species, Biophytum puliyangudiense is described and illustrated. The species differs from its closely allied species, B. longipedunculatum Govind., in having smaller size, longer bract, very short pedicel, longer petals and lobed stigma.

1 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

023292   Patil R T;Prasad V P (Botany Dep, Br. B.K. College, Vengurla, Sindhudurg-416 516) : Notes on sedges (Cyperaceae) of Goa, India-I. ten new records. Indian J For 2009, 32(3), 447-9.

Ten taxa viz. Cyperus distans var. pseudonutans Kuk., C. exaltatus var. dives (Delile) C.B. Clarke, Eleocharis acutangula (Roxb.) Schult., E. dulcis (Burm. f.) Trin. ex Hensch., Fimbristylis alboviridis C.B. Clarke, F. littoralis Gaudich., F. merrillii J. Kern, F. tenera Schult., Lipocarpha squarrosa (L.) Goetgh. and Pycreus stramineus (Nees) C.B. Clarke are reported for the first time from Goa.

11 ref

023291   Panigrahi D;Rajamani S (S.M.S.(P.P) K.V.K. Angul (OUAT), BBSR Cuttack, Tamilnadu-753 006) : Measure of tolerance level of semi-deep water cultivated accessions resistant/moderately resistant to yellowstemborer Scirpophaga incertulas (Wlk) at vegetative stage. J Res-Orissa Univ Agric Technol 2008, 26(2), 20-7.

The evaluation results of 76 semi-deep water cultivated accessions under field and controlled condition revealed that 12 accessions viz. Nalini, Matangini, Panidhan, Kalashree, Amulya, Kalamahipal, Andharchaki, RP-2344-OR-47-2, RP-2344-OR-47-3, AYT-SDW-CR-1022-27, Champeisiali and Moogey showed resistant and Mayurkantha, CR-1028-14-4, Seema showed moderately resistant reaction at vegetative stages in 1998 and 2000 under field condition and 2002 under controlled condition. Taking into consideration tolerance ratio and percent reduction in plant bio-mass as the important factors and DH, DS and Tl data into account for measuring tolerance level, Kalashree, Nalini, Jogen, Matangini, Panidhan, Amulya, CR-1030, Kalamahipal, Moogey and RP-2344-OR-47-3 were found to be more tolerantand hence promising at vegetative stage under semi deepwater condition than the other test accessions.

2 tables, 12 ref

023290   Pal R;Upadhyay R C (NRC for Orchids, Darjeeling Campus, A.J.C. Bose Road, Daarjeeling-734 101) : Hybrid lilies for more income. Indian Hort 2009, 54(5), 25-6.

The climatic conditions of north-eastern Himalaya are highly suitable for growing hybrid lilies. The cultivation of lilies in India is based on imported planting material which requires more care and attention of farmers while handling and planting their bulbs. Some precautions to be taken care of while growing of hybrid lilies are to be known by farmers. Lilies fit well in Cymbidium orchid growers' calendar as Cymbidiums flower from November to March, while lilies from March to May. Thus, lilies can supplement Cymbidium farmers' income when there is no income from Cymbidiums.

023289   Narasimha Rao G M;Dora S V V S N (Botany Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam-530 003) : Experimental approach to mangroves of Godavari Estuary. Indian J For 2009, 32(3), 431-2.

In the study an attempt has been to understand the role of the salinity and pH on the distribution of mangrove ecosystems in Godavari estuary.

3 tables, 4 ref

023288   Narain S (Botany Dep, Allahabad Univ, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Additions to the genus Eragrostis p. Beauv. of Hamirpur (Including Mahoba) district, U.P. india. Indian J For 2009, 32(3), 495-6.

A taxonomic account of the genus Eragrostis P. Beauv. of family Poaceae in Hamirpur (including Mahoba) district U.P. with up-to-date nomenclature, key for identification, brief description, phenology and ecology of each taxon is provided. The genus in the district is represented by nine species of which seven species are new additions to the district.

3 ref

023287   Nair M C;Rajesh K P;Madhusoodanan P V (Botany Dep, Calicut Univ, Kerala-673 635) : Groutiella tomentosa (Hornsch.) Wijk & Margad. (Orthotrichaceae: Bryopsida), a new record for peninsular India. Indian J For 2009, 32(3), 471-2.

Groutiella tomentosa (Hornsch.) Wijk & Margad. of Orthotrichaceae is reported for the first time from the Peninsular India.

1 illus, 1 ref

023286   Nagappa C;Parashuram Y J;Rao S (Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Botany Dep, Gulbarga Univ, Gulbarga-585 106) : Somatic embryobenesis and plant regeneration of commercially important and endangered banana (Musa acuminata Colla) CV. red banana. Int J Biotechnol Biochem 2009, 5(3), 261-9.

An efficient in vitro plant regeneration system characterized by rapid and continuous production of somatic embryos using male flower bud explants of seedling of red banana. Plant growth regulators influenced the induction of somatic embryogenesis. The optimal medium for direct somatic embryogenesis was 10.0 mg/l 2,4, D + 1.0 mg/l Kn on MS medium. On this concentration, the average of 22.2 ± 0.75 matured somatic embryos formed from per male flower bud with 100% frequency. Complete regenerated plantlets where obtained form cotyledonary shaped embryos with 46% of frequency on MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/l BAP + 0.75 mg/ ABA. The regenerated plants were transferred on rooting medium containg 5.0 mg/l IBA. The well developed rooted plants were hardened by transferring in to a poly cups consisting soil and sand in the ratio of 1:1. After one month the plants were transferred to the field where the survived rate 70%. The protocol described in this present communication felicitates improvement of regeneration from this endangered species via. somatic embryogenesis.

4 tables, 19 ref

023285   Misra V K;Sharma S C (Botany Dep, Arya Mahila (P.G.) College, Shahjahanpur) : Aquatic flora and marshi land flora of Gola Gokarannath Tehsil in Lakhimpur-Kheri District (U.P.). Indian J For 2009, 32(3), 423-8.

Deals with an investigation of aquatic and marshland flora of Gola Gokarannath tehsil. A total of 164 aquatic and marshland species belonging to 104 genera and 54 families are reported from the area. Their ecological classification, phenology and field numbers are also dealt with. On the basis of dominance six associations viz. Nymphaea-Hydrilla, Nymphoides-Vallisneria, Ludwigia-Scirpus-Eragrostis, Ammannia-Carex-Cyperus, Eleocharis-Cyperus-Scirpus, Limnophila-Cyperus-Ludwigia are observed in aquatic and marshland vegetation of the study area.

1 table, 21 ref

023284   Malwal M;Sarin R (Botany Dep, Rajasthan Univ, Jaipur-302 204, Email: manv07@gmail.com) : Antibacterial activity of Murraya koenigii (L) Spreng. oil on few clinically important bacteria. Bioscan 2009, 4(4), 653-4.

The antibacterial activity of Murraya koenigii oil was evaluated. The volatile oil was extracted by steam distillation method. The tested bacterial strains were Stapliylococcus aureus (ATCC25923), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Salmonella typhi (AICC3492), Bcherichia coli (ATCC25922) and Pseudomonas aeroginosa (ATCC27853). Streptomycin was used as the positive controls. The present investigation shown that the antibacterial activity of the oil increased with increase in concentration of the oil but after a certain level it started decreasing. The oil showed maximum activity at the concentration of 20- 40 μL dissolved in DMSO against ail the bacterial strains tested. The study suggests that isolation of the active compound from oil would give more satisfactory and promising results.

1 table, 6 ref

023283   Kremer R J;Hammouda M B (USDA-ARS, Cropping Systems and Water Quality Research Unit, Missouri Univ, 302 Natural Resources Building, Columbia, MO 65211 USA, Email: Bob.Kremer@ars.usda.gov ) : Allelopathic plants. 19. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Allelopathy J 2009, 24(2), 225-41.

Barley is integrated with other crops to inhibit weed growth, through allelopathic interactions. Effects of barley on growth of other crops, weeds and autotoxicity among cultivars result primarily from allelopathy mediated by allelochemieals released from plant components and/or exuded from living roots. A limited number of allelochemieals are identified that contributes to allelopathic effectiveness of barley. High allelopathic effectiveness of barley has resulted in its wide adoption as a cover crop in sustainable agricultural systems for weed management. The allelopathic effectiveness varies among the barley eultivars, hence, selection programmes might improve the allelopathic potential of new cultivars used for weed management. Allelochemieals in barley may be candidates for natural herbicides and innovative approaches for integrating barley cover cropping with other cultural practices to improve the sustainable or ecologically-based weed management.

3 tables, 102 ref

023282   Khanh T D;Cong L C;Xuan T D;Uezato Y;Deba F; Toyama T;Tawata S (Faculty of Agriculture, Univ of Ryukyus, Okinawa 903 0213, Japan, Email: khanhkonkuk@gmail.com) : Allelopathic plants: 20. hairy beggarticks (Bidens pilosa L.). Allelopathy J 2009, 24(2), 243-53.

Bidens piloxa L. is an annual major weed in warm areas of the world and is serious weed in many crops. In the bioassays and root exudates experiments, it significantly suppressed the growth of test plants. In field experiments, application of its shoots biomass at 2 t ha^{-1 drastically suppressed (80%) the weed density and weed dry weight than hand-weeding and herbicide treatments and completely controlled the emergence of Rotala indica, Commelina diffuxa, Jussiaea decurrens. Moreover, rice tiller numbers, panicles and grain were stimulated and yield was enhanced by 20%. Many secondary metabolites (phenolics, polyacetylenes and triterpens) involved in allelopathic action were found in this weed, of these phenylheptatriyne (PHT) and its derivatives amounts were highest in B. pilosa oil. Total 23 phenolic compounds [including salicylic acid, vanillin, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid] were identified and isolated in shoots and roots. Caffeic acid was in highest amount (117.4, 298.7, and 350.3 μg g-1 in leaves, stems and roots) followed by pyrocatechin (responsible for phytotoxicity). However, the fate and actual modes of action of these compounds are not well understood, whether these compounds can inhibit emergence of paddy weeds and enhanced the rice yields as well as contributing to its strong invasiveness in nature need to be further studied.}

5 illus, 2 tables, 32 ref

023281   Hassan G;Beig D M A;Nissar;Qazi A;Ganai N A (Plant Pathology Div, S.K. Univ of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar-191 121) : Hitherto unreported macrofungi from Jammu and Kashmir. Indian J For 2009, 32(3), 445-6.

During mycorrhizal survey in Kashmir forests conducted from March to November, 2006, some of the collected macrofungi were found to be the new records from Kashmir which are described with photographs.

6 ref

023280   Gupta Y C;Verma V K;Sharma P (Floriculture and Landscaping Dep, Horticulture and Foresstry Univ, Nauni, Solan-173 230) : Grow new hybrid flowers. Indian Hort 2009, 54(5), 18-19.

Hybrid vigour, uniformity, compactness, free flowering nature and astonishing colour combinations are important attributes specific to F, hybrids. Therefore, importance of F_-1 hybrids in constantly-changing and demand-oriented floriculture sector cannot be ruled out. The important annuals of marigold, Antirrhinum and pansy are ready for cultivation.

023279   Ghosh S N;Tarai R K;Bera B;A Samanta (Fruits and Orchard Management Dep, Faculty of Horticulture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741 252) : Aonla for diversification in West Bengal. Indian Hort 2009, 54(5), 16-17.

In West Bengal, a steady demand of fresh aonla fruits, round-the-year is noticed for various purposes. The red and lateritic soils in West Bengal can be exploited with aonla to fulfill its demand. Suitable varieties have been identified. Vegetative propagation methods for nursery and field, in-situ moisture conservation and pruning technique are being standardized. The major pests and diseases are being effectively controlled to maintain the vigour and productivity of aonla plants.

023278   Ghildiyal J C;Sadana G;Uniyal K M;Bebni D; Bebni P (Botany Dep, Dr. P.D.B.H. Government Post Graduate College, Kotdwar (Garhwal)) : Ethno-medicinal uses of plants by the Gujjars of foot hills of Uttaranchal. J Mountain Res 2006, 1, 115-21.

Van Gujjars, the nomadic tribals of Himalayan region, inhabit the foothills of the Himalayan ranges at an average height of 1,500 feet above sea level during the winter months (from mid-September to mid-March). When the winters recede, they migrate to high altitude in the Himalayas, at an average height 8,000 to 12,00 feet. During the study if has been reveale that the traditional practices of Van Gujjars having symbiotic relationship with forests. Since they are very close to the forest, so they are having unique traditional knowledge system. This paper presents ethnobotanical notes on 44 species of medicinal plants which are used by Van Gujjars for the treatment of Various human ailments.

8 ref

023277   Dhaulakhandi M;Rahwar G S (Botany Dep, Govt. Post Graduate College, Post box No.64 Rishkesh, Uttaranchal) : Litter production in a dry deciduous forest in the foot hill zone of Garhwal. J Mountain Res 2006, 1, 109-14.

This study deals with the litter production in a subtropical deciduous forest of foot-hill zone of outer Garhwal Himalaya. A little work has been done on litter production of these forest. Out of sixteen species recorded five were evergreen. Holoptelea integrifolia had highest annual leaf fall (8555.0 kg ha^{-1) and lowest in Erythrina and Acacia nilotica with temperature.}

2 tables, 20 ref

023276   Dalal L P;Nandkar P B (Botany Dep, J.B. Science College, Wardha-442 001, Email: lalchand_dalal@rediffmail.com) : Effect of NPK fertilizers in relation to seed yield in Brassica juncea (L) var. pusa bold. Bioscan 2009, 4(4), 645-6.

An field experiment was conducted on cotton black soil to investigate the effect of various levels of NPK on the plant height, number of branches and on the seed yield. NPK application from 20:10:10 kg/ha, progressively and significantly enhanced the seed yield. The maximum seed yield was with the application of 50:40:25 kg NPK /ha, while the NPK application at the rate of 60:50:30 and 70:50:35 kg NPK/ha, receives decrease in yield. Similarly their was no enhancement in plant height, number of branches per plant and number of pod per plant in higher doses.

2 illus, 4 tables, 21 ref

023275   Bhandari S;Bisht N S (Botany Dep, H.N.B. Garhwal Univ, Pauri Campus, Uttaranchal-246 001) : Callus grpwth phase studies of Roylea elegans wall.-an important medicinal plant of Himalayas. J Mountain Res 2006, 1, 7-13.

Roylea elegans Wall. (Lamiaceae) is an important aromatic plant. Therefore a protocol was set for its in vitro culture. Callus biomass initiated from leaf tip, leaf base and petiole explants using 0.5 to 2.0 mgh^{-1 Kn and 1. 0 to 3.0 mgl-1 2,4-D in different combinations was measured. 2.0 : 2.0 mgl-1 of Kn and 2,4-D combination in MS medium was found to be most appropriate for obtaining maximum biomass in leaf tip and petiole explants while 0.5 : 2.0 mgl-1 of the same gave maximum biomass in leaf base explant.}

1 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

023274   Bahuguna P;Badoni P P;Aswal M;Barthwal A (Chemistry Dep, HNB Garhwal Univ, Campus Pauri Garhwal, Uttaranchal) : On the use of herbal medicines in Pauri Garhwal, Uttaranchal. J Mountain Res 2006, 1, 153-9.

Deals with the use of some plants for the treatment of nine most common diseases used by vaidayas on the basis of traditional therapy in district Pauri Garhwal.

3 ref

023273   Althaf Ahamed Kabeer K;Nair V J (Botanical Survey of India, Southern Regional Center, Coimbotore-641 003) : Panicum plenum Hitchc. & Chase (Poaceae): a new record for India. Indian J For 2009, 32(3), 413-6.

Panicum plenum Hitchc. & Chase (Poaceae), a species predominantly American in distribution is described here as a new record for India, based on a collection from Coimbatore Tamil Nadu. Panicum garadei Sunderaragh. & Karth. was found to be conspecific with this species and has been treated here as a new synonym.

1 illus 11 ref

023272   Agrawal A K;Singh B;Chamoli K P (Botany Dep, Government Post Graduate College, Uttarkashi-249 193) : Florisitc composition and phenology of temperate grassland of Uttarkashi forest division as influenced by fire treatment. J Mountain Res 2006, 1, 57-72.

Reports the impact of fire on density, abundance, biological spectrum and phenology of temperate grassland vegetation of Uttarkashi forest division (Garhwal Himalaya). A total of thirty-seven and thirty-four species were recorded at site 1 (Control) and site 2 (fired) respectively. Site 1 was found dominated with Anthesteria anathera (Density 35.3 tussock/m^{2) followed by Arundinella nepa/ensis (Density 20.86 tussock/m2). However, site 2 was represented by Cymbopogon distans (Density 36.0 tussock/m2) and Heteropogon contortus (Density 20.6 tussock/m2). Maximum abundance at site 1 was reported for Anthesteria anathera in rainy season (35.13) followed by winter season (29.67) and minimum in summer season (15.76). The percentage was found higher at both the sites followed by geophytes. The flora may be defined as thero-geophytic in accordance to Raunkiaer's (1934) terminology. Phenological observations indicate that germination of seeds and sprouting of rootstocks were started with the commencement of rainy season. Maximum flowering was noted during the rainy season.}

9 tables, 37 ref

022366   Vipin Parkash;Aggarwal A (Rain Forest Research Institute (ICFRE), Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India, Jorhat-785 001) : Traditional uses of ethnomecicinal plants of lower foot-hills of Himachal Pradesh-I. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2010, 9(3), 519-21.

Documents the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants that are used by the indigenous villagers residing in remote foot-hill areas of Himachal Pradesh in household remedies. An ethnobotanical survey was conducted on lower foothills of Himachal Pradesh during 2007-08. About ten different ethnobotanical plant species were recorded for their medicinal uses and for other remedial purposes by the local inhabitants. There were seven families of which Asteraceae and Ama-ranthaceae families were mostly exploited by the people. Abrus precatorius is found vulnerable in Hamirpur district due to its excessive exploitation for various purposes by the local contractors. Crotolaria juncea is not only used as medicinal plant but it is also used as green manure in the fields. During survey, it is also found that some plant species such as Abrus precatorius, Eclipta alba, Deeringia amaranthoides and Physalis minima require in situ as well as ex situ conservation in the area for maintaining future germplasm source.

1 table, 16 ref

022365   Sutha S;MOhan V R;Kumaresan S;Murugan C; Athiperumalsami T (NO, Siddha Medical Govt College, Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu) : Ethnomedicinal plants used by the tribals of Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve (KMTR), western ghats, Tamil Nadu for the treatment of rheumatism. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2010, 9(3), 502-9.

The study has been carried out in Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve of Western Ghats, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu. Kanikkar, the predominant tribal community has their settlements in different areas in the Reserve Forest. Fifty medicinal plants belonging to 36 families are identified which have been employed by the tribal community for the treatment of rheumatism. The plants have been enumerated with botanical names followed by family name, local (Kanikkar) name, plant parts used, mode of administration and uses.

13 illus, 26 ref

022364   Srivastava R C;Singh R K;Mukherjee T K (NO, Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata-700 064) : Indigenous biodiversity of Apatani plateau: learning on biocultural konwledge of Apatani tribe of Arunachal Pradesh for sustainable livilihoods. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2010, 9(3), 432-42.

Throws light on various uses of 106 species of plants by the Apatani tribe of Arunachal Pradesh. The data have been collected using personal interview schedule through established contact with key communicators of Apatani villages. There are a range of indigenous plant species (106) used in food, ethnomedicine, handicrafts, hunting and cultural uses. In majority of the cases, knowledge on plant resources use is observed to be community knowledge (public domain). Resource base of bio-culturally rich plant biodiversity is the backbone for livelihoods of Apatani tribe. The knowledge on plant resources use was observed to be location specific. Activities relating plant collection and their processing for various uses are primarily performed by women folk. Integration of outstanding traditional knowledge of this tribe with farming systems may further sustain their livelihoods. Characterization of plant based knowledge and refinement and value addition to bio-products may further advance livelihoods regime of Apatani tribes. This approach would also ensure their IPR protection on plant based knowledge and products, and equitable benefit sharing over plant based knowledge systems.

12 illus, 33 ref

022363   Singh S K;Srivastava R C;Mukherjee T K (College of Horticulture & Forestry, Central Univ, Pasighat-791 102) : Three biocultutall important gymnosperms of India. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2010, 9(3), 430-1.

Throws light on the synonymy, nomenclatural status, distribution and traditional uses of three gymnosperms of India. Three new synonyms are given in this communication.

022362   Singh R K;Srivastava R C;Mukherjee T K (College of Horticulture & Forestry, Central Agricultural Univ, Pasighat-791 102) : Minangmose (Gymnocladus assamicus) and Dekang (Gymnocladus burmanicus): culturally important and endangered trees of eastern himalyayas-conservation perspectives. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2010, 9(3), 419-29.

Deals with different aspects of three species of a legume genus, viz. Gymnocladus Lamck. (G. assamicus, G. burmanicus and G. chinensis). The identity, taxonomic account, phenology, habit, habitat, distribution, indigenous uses, biocultural values among different tribes and communities of Northeastern India, affinities, regeneration potential, major threats and conservation strategies are discussed. Efforts made at grassroots level to collect primary data from community forest with Adi, Monpa, Khasi and Manipuri communities of Northeast India, are also presented. Conservation strategies are additional information.

24 illus, 26 ref

022361   Semwal D P;Pardha Saradhi P;Kala C P;Sajwan B S (Botany Dep, Delhi Univ, Delhi-110 007, Email: dinusem@rediffmail.com ) : Medicinal plants used by local Vaidyas in Ukhimath block, Uttarakhand. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2010, 9(3), 480-5.

Throughout the Indian sub-continent, all earlier medical branches have developed and refined different treatments based on preparations made from available natural resources. Traditional knowledge of local Vaidyas (practitioners of Ayurveda) about medicinal plants and their importance in local healthcare practices is well known since Vedic time. However, mode of applications of the different medicinal plants is lacking from many remote areas of the country. The research work was initiated in the vicinity of Ukhimath (block head) of Uttarakhand state, as it has unique habitat specificity and availability of Vaidyas. Of 60 different plant species collected, 45 herbs, 8 trees, 5 shrubs and 2 climbers were used for curing a total of 34 diseases such as headache, fever and intestinal problems. Rhizome/tuber/roots (41.66%), followed by leaves (31.66%), fruits/seeds (15%), twigs/barks (6.66%), flowers (3.33%) and whole plant (1.66%) were used for curing different ailments. A total of 8 medicinal plants such as Aconitum heterophyllum, Angelica glauca, Berberis osmastonii, Dactylorhiza hatagirea, Nardostachys jatamansi, Picrorhiza kurrooa, Podophyllum hexandrum and Zanthoxylum armatum were rare and endangered species, which had high demand in the market and showed greater potential towards curing of ailments. Thus, there is an urgent need to conserve such medicinal plant species for the benefit of humankind.

2 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

022360   Satish Chand;Mishra D S;Parbhat Kumar;Rajeh Kumar (Horticulture Dep, Collage of Ariculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technol, Pantnagar 263 145) : Making bonsai a profit-making venture. Indian Hort 2009, 54(3), 17-19.

Bonsai are small, beautiful, economical and eco-friendly plant specimens. They are easily cultivable and movable, and can be used for decoration, indoor gardening, earning livelihood. They can be grown in a number of sizes and styles as per the space and choice by training, pruning and repotting methods. The need of manures, fertilizers and water in small quantity makes them easy to maintain and economical. Bonsai can be treated easily if they are affected by insect pests and other diseases. It cannot be only a hobby, however, if taken in right perspective and become a good source of earning for a gardener. Cost of bonsai depends upon how much it looks old and material used. Generally, a good looking bonsai could be sold at Rs 500-800 approximately.

022359   Sarkar B (NO, Uttar Baanga Krishi Viswavidyalya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal) : Contribution of medicinal and aromatic plants on human life and their commercial importance. Green Technol 2009, 8(Aug), 78-82.

3 tables

022358   Raina A P;Parashiva Murthy M K;Mishra S K (National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, , Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110 012) : Aloe: a pharmacy in a plant. Indian Hort 2009, 54(2), 36-7.

Aloe vera is regarded as a valuable plant source in both traditional and modern medicines. The bitter taste of Aloe vera leaves possesses many medicinal properties. It bears multi-nutritional qualities, showing multiple action that helps prevent diseases, maintains and restores health and promotes healing. Aloin is the principal active constituent, which is a mixture of glycosides used as purgative. Barbaloin is the main glycoside present in aloin that varies from 3.8 to 22.1 % in curacao aloe. The mucilaginous parts of leaves contain sugars, glucose, galactose, mannose and galactouronic acid. It is used in various types of skin disorders. In India, Aloe barbadensis is grown commercially for its high demand in cosmetic industries as well as Indian systems of medicines.

022357   Noumi E (Laboratoire de Biologie Vegetale, Ecole Normale Superieur Univ, de Yaounde I, BP 27 Yaounde, Cameroun, Email: noumikap@yahoo.fr) : Ethno-medico-botanical survey of medicinal plants used in the treatment of asthma in the Nkongsamba region, Cameroon. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2010, 9(3), 491-5.

The paper provides a brief account of 29 plants from 24 families used by the Mho community of Nkongsamba, Cameroon, as traditional herbal medicines, in the treatment of asthma. Many of the plant species claimed to be remedies against asthma by the population are highly effective when compared with the published literature on ethnomedicine or on pharmacology in different regions of Africa. Two plants (Cannabis saliva and Datura metel) are dangerous in the case of overdose and one (Persea americana) contra-indicated in pregnancy.

1 table, 18 ref

022356   Negi S;Kalia D C;Walia K K;Bajaj H K (Bio-Sciences Dep, H.P. Univ, Shimla-171 005) : New species of Aphelenchoides Fischer and Laimaphelenchus fUchs (Nemtoda: Aphelenchida) from pine twigs, Himachal Pradesh, India. Indian J Nematol 2009, 39(2), 192-7.

Two new species of Aphelenchoides and one of Laimaphelenchus from dead twigs of Pinua roxburghii Sarg. from Himachal Pradesh, India are described and illustrated. A. depressospicularis sp. n. : Female: L = 0.60-0.75 mm; a = 32-45; b = 9.5-11.5; b' = 4.3-5.2; c = 14-19; c' = 2.0-3.4; V = 63-72; stylet = 8-11 ~m; Male: L = 0.50-0.60 mm; a = 31-39; b = 8.4-10.3; b' = 4.0-5.1; c = 15-22; stylet = 8-11 ~m; stylet with knobs; dorsal limb of spicule 16-19 ~m long with a depression near tip. A. microspermi sp. n.: Female: L = 0.42-0.66 mm; a = 31-46; b = 7.4-10.1; b' = 3.3-4.6; c = 13-19; c' = 3.2-4.6; V = 69-75; stylet = 8-11 ~m, post vulval uterine sac filled with numerous sperm. Male: L = 0.40-0.59 mm; a = 28-40; b = 7.1-10.1; b' = 3.5-4.4; c = 16-20; stylet =;: 8-10 ~m; spicule = 13-15 ~m; sperm small sized. Laimaphelenchus simlaensis sp. n.: Female: I-, = 0.84-1.09 mm; a = 38-46; b = 11-14; b' = 4.6-6.2; c = 21-30; c' = 2.3-3.6; V = 67-73; stylet = 11-13 ~m; vagina without sclerotization; tail provided with a single stalked, sucker-like tubercle bearing 3-5 fine processes. Male: L = 0.78-1.02 mm; a = 41-48; b = 11-14; b' = 4.2-5.3; c = 23-29; c' = 2.0- 2.3; stylet = 11-13 ~m; spicule = 16-18 ~m, gubernaculum-like structure present.

3 illus, 5 ref

022355   Meena K L;Yadav B L (Botany Dep, MLV Govt College, Bhilwara-311 001, Email: drblyadav@yahoo.com) : Some traditional ethnomedicinal plants of southern Rajasthan. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2010, 9(3), 471-4.

An extensive survey of southern part of Rajasthan including Chittorgarh, Udaipur, Banswara and Dungarpur districts was made to document the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants used by tribal communities. Tribals like Bhil, Damor, Garasia, Kalbelia, Kathodia and Meena are residing in this area. These people and their medicine men and women have valuable information about properties and medicinal uses of plants. An attempt has been made to document the ethnomedicinal plants being used traditionally by the tribals with their local name, methods of administration and precautions. Information on 31 species, belonging to 31 genera and 22 families has been presented.

6 illus, 17 ref

022354   Mairh A K;Mishra P K;Jyoti Kumar;Mairh A (Biology Dep, DAV Public School, Koyla Nagar, Dhanbad-826 005, Email: ashutoshmairh@ayhoo.com;) : Traditional botanical wisdom of Birhore tribes of Jharkhand. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2010, 9(3), 467-70.

The state, Jharkhand, as the name suggests, is rich in biodiversity and their traditional usage. Birhore, a dwindling tribe of Jharkhand is the custodian of traditional botanical knowledge. Their day to day life is dependent solely on forest. Their ways of utilizing plants as food, medicine and for other house hold purposes are not only novel but scientific also. Because of various anthropogenic as well as natural reasons, the population of Birhores is declining rapidly. It is, therefore, urgent to document their knowledge. Conservation and proper management of local vegetation is required for sustainable existence of the tribe. The paper deals with the plants used by this tribe for various purposes.

1 table, 15 ref

022353   Khan M H;Yadava P S (Environmental & Forest Dep, Govt. of Manipur, Porompat, Imphal East-795 010, Email: habibullah_mohd@yahoo.co.in) : Antidiabetic plant used in Thoubal district of Manipur, Northeast India. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2010, 9(3), 510-14.

The ethnic communities of Thoubal district in Manipur uses various plants in alleviating various diseases that are inherited from the forefathers through oral folklores. An attempt has been made to document the precious traditional knowledge about the uses of 54 plant species in treating diabetes by different ethnic communities in the district.

12 ref

022352   Kagyung R;Gajurel P R;Rethy P;Singh B (Foresty Dep, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli-791 109, Email: pgajurel@yahoo.com) : Ethnomedicinal plant used for gastro-intestinal diseases by Adi tribes of dehang-debang biospher reserve in Arunachal Pradesh. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2010, 9(3), 496-501.

An ethno-medico-botanical survey was carried out in Adi dominated areas of Dehang-Debang Biosphere Reserve (DDBR) of Arunachal Pradesh during 2005-2007 to study the pattern of use, preparation, and dosage administration of drugs in treatment of various gastrointestinal diseases. A total of 44 plant species belonging to 31 families were recorded for the treatment of various gastrointestinal diseases. Among these, 25 plant species used as antidysenteric and antidiarrhoeic, 9 species for stomachache, 6 species as stomachic, 4 species as carminative, 3 species as anliemelic, 2 species as anthelmentic, I species each as antiflatulent and laxative.

12 illus, 28 ref

022351   Jain S P;Singh S C;Srivastavas Singh J;Mishra N P;Prakash A (NO, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow-226 015, Email: sp.jain@cimap.res.in) : Hitherto unreported ethnomedicinal uses of plants of Betul district of Madhya Pradesh. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2010, 9(3), 522-5.

The Betul district of Madhya Pradesh is appreciably inhabited by tribal population (ca 37%). Even today, the large segments of the tribal populations are dependent upon plant resources for treatment of various diseases and ailments. The paper deals with ethnomedicinal uses of 31 plants. Interestingly, most of the uses are first hand information, which may serve as resource material for development of new bio-actives and traditional preparations for cure or management of quite prevalent diseases like rheumatism, diabetes, cancer, skin diseases, etc.

9 illus, 1 table, 13 ref