015969   Nigwekar A S (Botany Dep, Bhogawati College, Kurukali, Kolhapur-416 001) : Stomatal behaviour in Horsegram, Dolichos biflorus L. under stress conditions. Bioinfolet 2010, 7(1), 9-11.

Attempt was made to study influence of different stress features viz. sodium chloride salinity, water stress and leaf ageing on stomatal behaviour in horsegram (Dolichos biflorus L. Syn. Vigna ungiculata L. Walp. subspecies ungiculata Verde.). The rate of transpiration and stomatal conductance to CO₂ reduced due to stress. Water stress was found to be most effective in relation to the stomatal behaviour.

1 table, 12 ref

015968   Nayak S U;Sawant P;Joshi V K (Dravyaguna Dep, D.Y. Patil College of Ayurved and Research, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra) : Importance of medicinal plants. Aryavaidyan 2009, 22(4), 221-5.

Medicinal plants are an integral part of Rasasastra. Minerals and metals cannot be used directly. They need to be processed or purified before use. Both processing and purification is done with medicinal plants. Analyses the various groups of drugs used in Rasasastra and their significance.

2 tables, 7 ref

015967   Nasare P N;Choudhary A D (NO, Nilkanthrao Shinde Science and Arts College, Chandrapur, Badrawati-442 902) : Induction of chlorophyll mutations in Ocimum sanctum Linn. Bioinfolet 2010, 7(1), 89-90.

Dry and healthy seeds of Ocimum sanctum L. were irradiated with 200, 400, 600 Gy gamma rays. Seeds were also treated with sodium azide (SA) (0.001%, 0.002%, 0.003%) and ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%). All the three mutagens were found to induce chlorophyll mutations. They were albino, xantha, chlorina and viridis. The chlorophyll mutants survived for about 30-35 days and then died. The SA was found to produce maximum chlorophyll mutations followed by gamma rays and EMS.

12 ref

015966   Nambiar G R;Raveendran K (P.G. Studies and Research in Botany Dep, Sir Syed College, Taliparamba Kannur-670 011) : Impact of coir retting on manglicolous marine fungi of Kerala coastal waters. Pollut Res 2008, 27(3), 481-3.

Marine mycoflora the backbone of mangrove forest and coastal water ecosystem is destroyed by a number of anthropogenic activities. The impact of one among such activities, i.e. coir retting is being highlighted in this paper. A total of 22 marine fungi have been encountered from Valapattanam estuary. Adjoining coir-retting field represented 11 marine fungi when compared to mangrove forest (22).

1 table, 12 ref

015965   Nadagouda M G;Lakshman H C (Post Graduate Department of Botany, Microbiology Lab, Karnataka University, Dharwad, Karnataka) : Decomposed coconut coirpith and AM fungal inoculum - a good nursery media mix for Ruta gravelens L.. Asian Sci 2009, 4(1-2), 50-2.

Slow growing Ruta gravelens at nursery stage was tested by using five media mixes. The use of (G. mosseae) VAM fungi as biofertiliser with decomposed coconut coirpith in 50 and 75 per cent most significantly increased the vigour, plants height, increased in the vigour index, root length, number of leaves, VAM per cent colonisation, spore number and nutrient content in shoots. The use of decomposed coconut coirpith with mycorrhizal inoculation at nursery stage of slow growing plants, must be suggest to chosen as the preferred strategy for waste treatment management.

2 tables, 13 ref

015964   Mukesh Kumar;Semwal I M (Botany Dep, DBS College, Kanpur-06, Email: mukesh_jhabbulal@rediffmail.com) : Ethno-medicinal plants of Chakarnagar block of Etawah district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Vegetos 2009, 22(1), 63-7.

An ethno-medicinal plant survey was carried out in Chakarnagar block of Etawah district, Uttar Pradesh for herbal remedies of various ailments. The tribes routinely use 24 medicinal plants for the treatment of several diseases either singly or in combination with some other ingredients. The information on correct botanical identities with family in bracket, local name, part used and ethno-medicinal use of 24 plant species belonging of 17 families are discussed here for the treatment of various ailments.

10 ref

015963   Mitra S;Mukherjee S K (Botany Dep, Ranaghat College, Ranaghal, Nadia, Email: sunit_Mitro2003@yahoo.com) : Diversity of genus Bulbophyllum thouars in West Bengal - a census. J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(1), 224-34.

Thirty six species of the genus Bulbophyllum Du Petit Thouars have been reported from West bengal along with the key for identification of taxa, based on field characters which can be easily observed.

18 ref

015962   Misra V K;Sharma S C (Botany Dep, Arya Mahila (PG) College, Shahjahanpur, Uttar Pradesh) : Taxonomic studies on the grasses and their distributional behaviour in gola gokarannath tehsil of Lakhimpur-Kheri district (UP). Vegetos 2009, 22(1), 97-113.

Gola Gokarannath tehsil occupies the west corner of Lakhimpur- Kheri district. It is located between 27° 62' and 27° 99' N latitude and 80° 25' and 80° 65' E longitude. A major part of the tehsil is occupied by "Sal forest" and remaining area is an open plane with high state of cultivation. The tehsil is floristically very rich. The present paper describes grasses of Gola Gokarannath tehsil. 72 species of grasses belonging to 53 genera are enumerated and a dichotomous key to the genera of Poaceae is included. Ecological notes, phenology, local names and field numbers are provided to the species.

1 table, 19 ref

015961   Mishra V;Gupta C;Rizvi G;Paijwar M S (Botany Dep, Institute of Basic Science, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh) : Traditional dye yielding plants of Jhansi district. Flora Fauna 2009, 15(2), 281-5.

Study has been designed to investigate a detailed account of dye yielding plant in the Jhansi district. The survey was undertaken during 2007-2008 in different parts of Jhansi. Thirty traditional dye yielding plants belonging to 20 families have been reported, of which 6 are leaf dyes, 7 bark, 2 heart wood, 6 flowers, 2 fruits, 2 rhizomes, 4 seeds, 2 tenders, each pericarp, bulbs scales, oil, gum and juice dyes.

1 table, 4 ref

015960   Mishra A;Ravindra Singh (Botany Dep, Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya, Chitrakoot, Satna, Madhya Pradesh) : Allelopathic effect of Lantana camara extracts of different parts on growth of Parthenium hysterophorus L. Flora Fauna 2009, 15(2), 264-6.

Allelochemicals effect of Lantana camara extract obtained from various plant parts extract (leaf ,stem, flower) inhibited the growth and effectively killed the Parthenium hysterophorus L. The leaf extract of Lantana had most inhibited effect while flower extract little inhibited effect on growth of Parthenium. Its probable reason may be the presence of higher concentration of allelochemicals in leaf extract than that of stem and flower.

3 tabels, 6 ref

015959   Mehta A;Singh A;Purak J (Botany Dep, Centre for biotechnology, Ranchi Women's College, Ranchi-834 001, Email: anita3792002@yahoo.co.in) : In-vitro multipication of plantlets of Bacopa monnieri and their ex-vitro growth. Vegetos 2009, 22(1), 11-16.

High frequency plant regeneration was achieved in Bacopa monnieri by leaf and nodal explant culture. Multiple shoot buds with green callus were initiated from leaf culture when Murashige and Skoog medium was supplemented with IBA and KN. Green callus induction with indefinite number of micro shoots and roots were observed on same primary medium. Optimum green embryogenic callus induction with plantlet formation was observed on medium supplemented with NAA when 2,4 -D grown leaf-derived callus was subcultured. Fully mature plantlets were investigated on same MS containing NAA medium. Direct plantlet regeneration without intervening callus on medium containing IAA and KN from leaf margin was the remarkable feature of the present study. Plantlets were transferred to polybags containing sterilized coco peat and acclimatization process was done. Survival rate was 100% when the hardened plantlets were transplanted to soil.

5 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

015958   Maliya S D;Datt B (NO, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001) : Contribution to the flora of Katarniyaghat wildlife sanctuary, Baharaich district, Uttar Pradesh. J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(1), 42-68.

Base-line data on the flora of Katarniyaghat Wildlife Sanctuary, Baharaich district, UP. A totat of 409 species belonging to 301 genera and 96 families are included in this updated account. Each taxon is provided with correct botanical name, local name(s), habit, habitat, flowering - fruiting period and less- known use(s). 170 species are additions to the flora of Baharaich district. The study is an additional contribution towards the writing of a Flora of the area, which would be helpful for proper appraisal of plant resources of the protected area and its better management.

11 ref

015957   Majeed Kak A (Botany Dep, Islamia College of Science and Commerce, Srinagar Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir) : Euryale ferox Salisb. (Juwar) in Kashmir lakes (J&K state), India. J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(1), 1-11.

Euryale ferox Salisb., locally called Juwar, once abundantly growing in all the valley lakes, marshy and boggy places and in all wetlands of the valley of Kashmir (Lawrence, 1895), has now rampantly declined from all these places in the Kashmir valley. Seeds are highly prized, considªered sacred by the local Hindu community (Pandiths), used for breaking their fast by eating the bread prepared of the flour after crushing or pounding the seeds. Even the immature seeds are relished by children of Hanjis (boat men and fisher men) or people residing close to the lakes. During the studies of aquatic and wetland flora of N.W.Himalayas (Kashmir), all the high and low altitudinal lakes were periodically investigated and it was observed that only a few plants of Euryale ferox are existing in only two lakes of the valley and totally absent in the rest of the lakes. Studies were conducted in order to find out the cause of its near extinction from these lakes. Two aspects were mainly studied, i.e. the aquatic habitat (study of the lakes) and the study of the seeds. It was observed that rapid environmental deterioration of the lakes due to accelerated eutrophication, exploitation for economic gains, ruthless destruction by man for its prickly morphological character, and interference in the growth of locally cherished Nelumbo (Nadur) rhizome, constitute the main factors for the vulnerability and population decline of Euryale ferox. Its populations have been raised again in the three lakes, viz. Manasbal, Anchar and Dal, by germinating seeds in the research lab and carefully transplanting them at various suitable spots in these lakes. Success was achieved by raising the population from mere 3-4 plants to about more than 800 plants till 2006 and about 2000 plants in the year 2007 in Lake Manasbal, About 61 plants in the Dal Lake and about 17 plants in the Anchar Lake could only survive because of the more deteriorated conditions and disturbances in both these lakes. No seed germinated in the Wular lake, probably because of the daily deposition of the heavy silt and the low temperature of the water. Seeds also failed to germinate in Nilnag (an alpine lake), reasons are yet to be investigated. It is suggested that further research should be conducted to conserve the germplasm of the species to avert its probable extinction in future.

20 ref

015956   Maity S;Datta A K (Botany Dep, Cytogenetics and Plant Breeding Sect, Kalyani-741 235, Email: dattaanimesh@gmail.com) : Meiosis in nine species of jute (Corchorus). Indian J Sci Technol 2009, 2(2), 27-9.

Meiotic analysis performed in nine species of jute (cultivated species - C. olitorius L., C. capsularis L.; wild species - C. fascicularis Lamk., C. aestuans L., C. pseudoolitorius I. and Z., C. pseudocapsularis L., C. tridens L., C. trilocularis L. and C. urticaefolius W. and A. - Family: Tiliaceae) revealed that C. olitorius (mean/cell: 7II), C. capsularis (mean/cell: 6.98 II + 0.03 I), C. tridens (mean/cell: 6.98 II + 0.03 I), C. trilocularis (mean/cell: 7 II) and C. urticaefolius (mean/cell: 7 II) formed 2n=14 chromosomes at metaphase I always with balanced (7/7) segregation at anaphase I; while, C. fascicularis Lamk. (24.42%-MI; 1.79%-AI), C. aestuans L. (33.33%-MI; 28.57%-AI), C. pseudoolitorius I. and Z. (24.69%-MI; 15.73%-AI) and C. pseudocapsularis L. (2.56%-MI; 0.00%-AI) exhibited numerical variations in chromosome number (n=1,2,3,4,5,6,9,10 and 14) in addition to normal (n=7). Average chromosome association per cell at MI was 0.002 VI + 0.006 IV + 6.98 II + 0.31I in C. fascicularis, 6.55 II + 0.60 I in C. aestuans, 6.60 II in C. pseudoolitorius and 7.08 II + 0.21 I in C. pseudocapsularis. Aneuploidy noted in jute species is attributed to cytomixis. Chromosome in the species were mostly bivalents (6.55 - 7.08 mean/cell; random in distribution - p> 0.05) and rarely univalents (0.00 - 0.60 mean/cell; nonrandomly distributed - p<0.001); however, one PMC with a ring and a chain quadrivalent and one with a chain hexavalent were noted only in C. fascicularis. Bivalents in the species were of ring (1.44 ± 0.13 to 4.68 ± 0.14/cell) and rod (2.32 ± 0.14 to 5.44 ± 0.14/cell) configurations. Excepting C. capsularis, the species formed more of rod bivalents than ring. Ring and rod bivalents were nonrandom (p< 0.001); while chiasmata per cell (8.40 - 11.68) and per bivalent (1.20 - 1.67) was random (p> 0.50) in distribution among species as evident from chi - square test of heterogeneneity. Pollen fertility in the species varied from 59.82% - 96.91%.

6 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

015955   Maity S;Datta A K (Botany Dep, Genetics and Plant Breeding Sect, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741 235, Email: dattaanimesh@gmail.com) : Spontaneous desynapsis in Corchorus fascicularis Lamk. (Family: Tiliaceae). Indian J Sci Technol 2009, 2(3), 34-6.

Desynaptic mutant of Corchorus fascicularis Lamk. (Family: Tiliaceae) showing distinctive morphological variations than normal was identified from the natural population (1 out of 27 plants scored) of jute species following male meiotic analysis. Self segregation of the desynaptic plant suggested that desynapsis (mutant trait) was monogenic recessive to normal. Compared to normal plants, the spontaneous desynaptic mutant (medium strong type) demonstrated enhanced univalent frequency per cell (4.05, normal-0.31), reduced number of chiasma (6.67, normal- 7.28) and bivalent (5.12, normal- 6.99) per nucleus, few meiocytes (13.64%, normal-5.36%) with unequal separation at AI, cytologically near normal AII (94.83%, normal- 100.00%) cells and high male fertility (81.77%, normal- 92.06%). Cytomixis (prophase I/ metaphase I) was evident in both normal and mutant plants forming aneuploid (mutant: 2n< 14-1.40%, 2n> 14-2.80%; normal: 2n<14 - 14.20%, 2n>14 - 10.22%) PMCs predominantly at MI (mutant: 4.20%, normal: 24.42%) and rarely in AI (mutant: 1.52%, normal: 1.79%) cells.

9 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

015954   Lakshman H C (P.G. Department of Botany (Microbiology Lab), Karnataka University, Dharwad, Karnataka) : Growth response and nitrogen fixation of Phaseolus lunatus (Lima bean) with the inoculation of AM fungi and Rhizobium. Asian Sci 2009, 4(1-2), 37-41.

Indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi was recovered from soils at the crop research centre. University of Agriculture Sciences, Dharwad. Plants were able to promote growth of Phaseolus lunatus. Introduced Glomus mosseae were not showed significant effect on growth. The dual inoculation with indigenous Glomus fasciculatum depicted a growth response was much grater grain with single inoculation. The tripartite system, indigenous AMF and Rhizobium phaseoil improved plant growth and also resulted in increased plant height, plant dry matter, moculation number. N and P content of lima bean that in non-inoculated plants with either AM-mycorrhiza or Rhizobium alone.

5 tables, 22 ref

015953   Kulloli S K;Sreekala A K;Pandurangan A G (NO, Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode-695 562, Email: shreekulloli@gmail.com) : Floral biology of Impatiens trichocarpa Hook. f., (Balsaminaceae) an endemic Balsam of Western Ghats. Indian J Sci Technol 2009, 2(2), 30-4.

Floral biology of Impatiens trichocarpa, an endemic and horticulturally promising balsam from Western Ghats, has been conducted. It flowers during July to November with optimum flowering in the month of September. Anthesis occurred in the night time between 0200 to 0300h and dehisced one day before anthesis. Pollen grains are spherical, light yellow in colour and 32.72μm in diameter. The maximum percentage of stigma receptivity (82%) observed on the day of anthesis. Bees, flies and butterflies forage at the flowers; but bees serve a better pollinator. Nectar production begins soon after anthesis and continues through flower life. The seed germination was limited to 35% which may be one of the reasons for its restricted distribution.

1 illus, 3 tables, 36 ref

015952   Kulkarni D K;Nipunage D S (Botany Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune-411 004) : Floristic diversity and ecological evaluation of `Dhup-Rahat' sacred grove from Pune district. Geobios 2009, 36(4), 298-302.

Deals with floristic composition of Dhup-Rahat sacred grove known after magnificent tree, Dhup (Canarium strictum Roxb.) which is very rare in Maharashtra State.

1 table, 20 ref

015951   Koli S P;Patil D A;Patil A G;Naresh Chandra (Botany Dep (Herbal Sciences), Birla College, Kalyan-421 304, Email: dravinashpatil@rediffmail.com) : Evaluation of in vitro responses from different explants of Averrhoa carambola L. J Cell Tissue Res 2009, 9(2), 1839-44.

In vitro culture studies with Averrhoa carambola L. indicated that the different explants viz. cotyledon, hypocotyl, axillary bud and radicle obtained from in vitro grown seedling showed variable responses on Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Gamborg (B5) media supplemented with 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D). MS and B5 media fortified with 2, 4-D (0.5-2.5 mg/l) showed good callus formation with increase in concentration of 2, 4-D. Radicle inoculated on MS medium fortified with 2, 4-D (1.0-2.5 mg/l) showed indirect rhizogenesis. However, cotyledon and radicle inoculated on B5 medium fortified with 2, 4-D (0.5-1.0 mg/l and 0.5-1.5 mg/l respectively) showed indirect rhizogenesis. Callus obtained from the hypocotyl and cotyledon was subcultured on MS and B5 media fortified with different concentrations of BAP and NAA showed greening of callus. Multiple shoots and adventitious shoot bud were obtained from various explants inoculated on « MS medium fortified with BAP (0.2-1.0 mg/l) except from cotyledon supplemented with BAP (0.2 mg/l). Maximum number of shoots were obtained from axillary bud inoculated on « Macro MS supplemented with BAP (0.4 mg/l and 0.6 mg/l).

1 illus, 4 tables, 20 ref

015950   Kokate P S;Upadhye E V;Patil G V (Botany Dep, Shri. Shivaji College of Arts, Commernce and Science, Akola, Maharashtra) : Dicotyledonous drupaceous fossil fruit Scaevolacarpon indicum Gen. et. sp. Nov. from Mohgaonkalan, M.P., India. Bioinfolet 2010, 7(1), 59-63.

Fossil is unilocular drupaceous. It is globose and without stalk, compressed, single seeded, unilocular, oval in shape and indehiscent. Fruit wall consists of conspicuous air cavities of various dimensions. The fruit is beaked with small opening at the beaked portion. The fruit show similarities with Scaevola (Goodeniaceae), hence the name as Scaevolacarpon indicum.

12 illus, 2 ref

015949   Kiranmayi P (Biochemistry Dep, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar-522 510, Email: kiranmayikodali@rediffmail.com) : High temperature stress induced alterations in the energy trnsfer process of photosystem II in the spheroplasts of Synechococcus 6301. Vegetos 2009, 22(1), 33-7.

Market potential of Melocanna baccifera (Roxb.) Kurz - one of the highly exploited edible bamboo species in Tripural M. baccifera is popularly called Muli bamboo by the common people of the state and known as Owathai to the tribal communities. Market demand of young Muli shoots are worked out through market survey and is found highly relevant with income generation of economically poor tribal and other rural communities of this region. Traditional food items and the variety of recipe preparation using bamboo shoots are recorded. Present study highlights the potential of young Muli bamboo shoots as a source of healthy and delicious diet to the tribal and rural communities of Tripuia.

3 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

015948   Khan Z S;Nasreen S (Botany Dep, Government Institute of Science, Aurangabad-431 004) : Mycotoxic effect of Trichoderma against pathogenic fungi. Bioinfolet 2010, 7(1), 16-17.

1 table, 7 ref

015947   Kamalraj S;Sridevi S;Gangadevi V;Venkatesan A;Muthumary J (Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600 025, Email: vganges@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of NaCl on biochemical changes and endophytic fungal assembalges in the leaves of a mangrove, Ceriops roxburghiana Arn. Indian J Sci Technol 2008, 1(4), 1-7.

One of the universal protective responses of plants to any type of stress is the accumulation of low-molecular organic substances such as amino acids, sugars and proteins. In the study, the effect of salinity on leaf pigments, proteins, free amino acids, proline, polyphenols, sugars and starch content was investigated. Status on endophytic fungal assemblages in the salt treated leaves of a mangrove, C. roxburghiana was studied under hydroponics pot culture. The photosynthetic pigments, sugars and protein concentrations of leaves were reduced by salinity and that the effect was aggravated by the long duration of salinity. Total contents of both chlorophyll and carotenoids decreased significantly by the treatment of NaCl. Total amino acid pool decreased by salinity, but the proline content increased only marginally. In the control, praline level did not change during the entire period of the study. The significant increase of accumulation of proline in leaves is implicated in osmotic adjustment to salinity. The endophytic fungal assemblage was also investigated. Among the 7 species, isolated Phyllosticta sp. was found frequently more when compared to other fungi. The results show that the endophytic fungi like Pestalotiopsis sp. and Phyllosicta sp. can be sustained and regenerated at low salinity condition in halophytes.

2 illus, 3 tables, 32 ref

015946   Kadam A S;Deshmukh V S (Botany Dep, D.S.M. College, Jintur, Parbhani-431 509) : In vitro efficacy of fungicides against Alternaria porri (Ellis) Cif. causing purple blotch of onion. Bioinfolet 2010, 7(1), 69-70.

In vitro testing of fungicides was carried out against Alternaria porri (Ellies) causing purple bloch of onion. The most effective fungicides were mencozeb and thiram with 83.8 and 81.3% inhibition of Alternaria porri Cif. respectively. Highest concentration (2000 ppm) of all fungicides significantly inhibited the fungal growth than lower concentrations of 500 and 1000 ppm. The treatment of mancozeb, thiram, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride and chlorothalonil inhibited more than 50% growth even at lower concentration (500 ppm). The results indicated that the fungal growth of Alternaria porri (Ellis) Cif. could be controlled with the help of mancozeb, thiram and copper hydroxide.

1 table, 4 ref

015945   Jain U;Chauhan M (Botany Dep, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan-302 004, Email: ushajain0101@gmail.com) : Natural dyes used by tribals on Pali district Rajasthan for an eco-friendly future. J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(1), 186-91.

Colouring is one of the most delightful art, also one of the most important branches of manufacture. Before the mid-19th century professional dyers of fine silks and woolens had to rely on such homely substances as dried insects, roots and leaves of plants and chamber lye for carrying their work. However, natural dyes can be used in eco-friendly way to impart almost any colour to a textile product. The use of natural dyes to explore the point where craft and material culture intersect science and natural history. With the recent interest in environmental concerns, natural dyes might be a good way to produce unique products with a green plant. In the present paper there is an effort to explore the main environmental dyeing sources and comprehened how the mordants affect the shade and the resistance of the colour.

1 table, 12 ref

015944   Jain T;Sharma K (Microbial Research Lab, Botany Dep, University College of Science, M.L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur-313 001, Email: tripta26jain@yahoo.com) : Assay of antibacterial ctivity of Polyalthia longifolia Benth. and Hook. leaf extracts. J Cell Tissue Res 2009, 9(2), 1817-20.

Polyalthia longifolia Benth. & Hook. leaf extracts were evaluated against six medically important bacteria viz. Escherichia coli (Gram-ve), Bacillus subtilis (Gram +ve), Salmonella typhi (Gram -ve), Proteus mirabilis (Gram -ve), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram -ve) and Klebsiella sp. (Gram -ve). The dried and powdered leaves were successively extracted with petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, acetone, ethanol and water using soxhlet assembly. The antibacterial activity assay was done by both agar well diffusion and serial dilution methods. Petroleum ether extract of leaves showed highest activity against all tested bacteria. The inhibitory effect is very identical in magnitude and comparable with that of standard antibiotics used.

3 tables, 22 ref

015943   Jagtap A A;Kamble S S (Botany Dep, Mycology and Plant Pathology Lab, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra) : Efficacy of carbendazim against Sclerotium rolfsii causing rhizome rot of turmeric. Bioinfolet 2010, 7(1), 57-8.

Variation in MIC of carbendazim among the 12 isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii on the agar plates and rhizomes of turmeric. MIC on agar plates ranged from 8 to 2400 μg/ml while 1 to 200 μg/ml on turmeric rhizomes. Isolate SR-4 was sensitive. The resistant isolate SR-5 showed 2400 and 200 μg/ml MIC in vitro and in vivo respectively.

1 table, 5 ref

015942   Jadhav N A;Gavimath C C;Yadav S R;Rameshwari R K;Vidya H;Wali G (Botany Dep, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416 004) : Antibacterial screening of seed extracts of Pinda concanensis (Dalzell) P.K. Mukh. & Constance and Polyzygus tuberosus Dalzell ex Walp. Geobios 2009, 36(4), 269-72.

Seed extracts of Pinda concanensis and Polyzygus tuberosus were screened against three gram positive and three gram negative bacteria. The zones of inhibition of the extracts were compared with standard antibiotic streptomycin. The study suggests that these plants have property against bacterial infections.

1 table, 9 ref

015941   Husain T;Agnihotri P (Taxonomy and Biodiversity Div, National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226 001) : Berberis glaucocarpa Stapf. (Berberidaceae) a new report from Nainital hills. Flora Fauna 2009, 15(2), 357-8.

Berberis glaucocarpa Stapf. (Berberidaceae) has been reported for the first time from Nainital Hills of Kumaon Himalaya. Complete nomenclature, description, phenology, range of distribution and ecology have been provided along with co loured photograph for the taxa.

^ssc2 illus, 4 ref

015940   Hosgoudar V B (Microbiology Division, Tropical Botanic Garden and Eesearch Institute, Palode-695 562) : Meliolineae - second supplement. J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(1), 127-81.

Deals with the Meliolaceae members reported from 1997 to 2002, constitute 185 taxa belonging tit the genera Amazonia, Appendiculella, Asteridiella, Irenopsis and Melioh Meliola rodriguezii nom, nov,- is a new name proposed for Meliola protiicola Rodriguez, {(non, M, protiicola (Bat. & Gay) Cif.)}. The descriptions of individual taxa are based on the protologue. Generic key is provided. Key of the species is based on the Beeli formula. In the key, species are arranged under their respective host families, which are arranged alphabetically. In the description, all the species are arranged alphabetically under their alphabetically arranged genera. This is a second supplement to the work of Hosagoudar et al. (1997).

18 ref

015939   Hande D V;Subhedar A;Dharkar N;Shahezad M A (Botany Dep, Shri Shivaji Science College, Amravati) : Two new species of Thaxteriella Petr from Melghat. Biosci Biotechnol Res Communs 2009, 2(2), 244-6.

Deals with two new species of thaxteriella from Melghat district Amravati. All species were collected from different localities with aerial distance of approximately 15 km.

^ssc2 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

015938   Gupta A;Bhardwaj M;Gupta V;Dashora K (National bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, , Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110 012, Email: anjaligupta200@rediff.com) : Immunomodulatory plants - Their conservation status at national gene bank. J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(1), 192-6.

Deals with 40 species of higher plants which have immunomodulatory properties and germplasm of which in preserved in Gene bank of NBPGR, New Delhi.

1 table, 6 ref

015937   Gupta A (NO, Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, 53 University Road, Lucknow-226 007) : Pollen analysis of liverwort patches from subtropical-temperate zones of Kumaun Himalaya, India. Vegetos 2009, 22(1), 127-4.

Study concerns pollen analysis of liverworts patches from subtropical-temperate zones of Kumaun Himalaya which as opened a new frontier to develop the knowledge of modern pollen deposition. The palynodebris recovered from different localities consist palynomorphs of variety of taxa existing in the area, though certain of them show over/ false representation (due to animophilly, etc.) and certain remain under represented -unrepresented (because of entomophilly/ biodeterioration). Despite of such disturbances, pollen spectra from both climatic zones show characteristic elements of their own, as Pinus is chief element in subtropical zone and Quercus in temperate. The transitional area shows admixture of both. The pollen deposition broadly reflects existing vegetation of the area.

2 illus, 25 ref

015936   Gopal Reddy P;Sailaja I;Shaker Anand I (Botany Dep, Padmashri Vikhe Patil College, Lone, Ahmedanagar, Maharashtra) : Antibacterial activity of Anona squamosa and Tribulus terrestris leaf extracts. Asian Sci 2009, 4(1-2), 10-12.

Effect of ethanol and aqueous leaf extracts of Anona squamosa and Tribulus terrestris on the growth of Gram negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Gram positive Staphyloccous epidermidis, Streptococcus agalactiae bacterial strains was evaluated in vitro by agar well diffusion assay method. The extracts inhibited the growth of all test organisms. Extract of A. squamosa exhibited greater antibacterial activity than T. terrestria. Gram positive strains were found more sensitive than Gram negative strains. Ethanol extract showed comparatively more inhibitory effect than aqueous extract. Staphyloccous epidermidis was found more sensitive to the leaf extracts of A. squamosa while Streptococcus agalactiae to that of T. terrestris. Zone of inhibition increased with increase in concentration of the extract. The significance of these results is discussed. The results may be importance in identification of new potential antibacterial compounds in plants.

2 tables, 18 ref

015935   Ghosh A K (NO, , Swamiji Eco-club, C/o Tushar Dutta, 1/E-5, Mitra Compound, P.O. & Dist. P.O. & Dist. Paschim Medinipur-721 101) : Ecoflame in black variety of Capsicum Annuum L. (Family Solanaceae). J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(1), 94-5.

Black chillis have great economic importance in West Rarrh due to their better yield, pungent smell and taste. This variety under the specialized edaphic factors exhibits ecoflame characters which have ecological importance. The cultivators are quite ignorant about this event that why their black varieties get converted in to whitish. It is hoped that ecoflame concept will help the taxonomists in determining status of taxa.

4 ref

015934   Ghosh A K (Swamiji Eco-club, , C/o, Tishar Dutta, 1/E-5, Mitra Compound) : Natural Dye making process along with its dye yielding plants of West Rarrh. J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(1), 87-90.

Natural dye is an integral part of human health care system compared to synthetic dyes as they have no adverse side effects and toxicity. The present paper is an attempt to investigate the dye yielding plants along with their vernacular names, how different part(s) are used in dye procurement etc. 60 plant species belonging to 35 families of ethnodyeing interest are recorded after critical screening.

1 table, 6 ref

015933   Ghosh A K (Swamiji Eco-club, C/O Tushar Dutta, 1/E-5, Mitra Compound, P.O. + Dist, , ) : Indigenous knowledge on various fruit pulp processing of suri in Birbhum district of W. Bengal. J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(1), 69-71.

Indigenous technical knowledge (ITK) on the processing of fruit pulp of various plants has been communicated for income generating and nutrient supplementation. Fruit sellers normally process the fruits for their household business as jam, jelly etc by crushing and boiling the fruits, whereas entrepreneurs purchase the fruits from growers and produce 18 varieties of edible pulp cake indigenously called Morobba for selling in the market of Suri as well as in neighbouring districts of W. Bengal. Attempts have been made to correctly identify the species used in this cottage industry.

66 ref

015932   Gairola Y;Tamta B P;Rawat N (144/7, Akashdeep Colony, Ballupur Road, Dehradun-248 001, , ) : Important medicinal climbers in Garhwal Himalayas. J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(1), 25-36.

In Garhwal Himalayas very few studies have been accounted pertaining to medicinal properties and diverse use value of climbing plants and still there is paucity of knowledge about their distribution, abundance, ecology, conservation and management aspects. The present study, therefore, is an attempt to attract the foresters and scientists and provide a general account of distribution, medicinal uses and diverse use value of this least studied vegetation component of plant world in Garhwal Himalayan region. In general, medicinal climbing plants are distributed throughout the Garhwal Himalayan region between 325m to 3500m altitude and the abundance and diversity decline gradually as we move towards higher altitudes. A total 70 wild climbing plants were recorded and studied during the course of study for their medicinal properties and diverse use value, viz. housing and construction, edible and beverages, fibres, fodder, aphrodisªiac, socio religious and ornamental value etc. During the study, consideration was focused only to those climbing plants which occur naturally in forest areas rather than the cultivated ones.

1 illus, 3 tables, 42 ref

015931   Fareeda G;Azeemul Hasan M;Murthy S D S (Biochemistry Dep, SV University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, Email: sdsmurthy@rediffmail.com) : Effect of metal ions in retardation of alterations induced by dark incubation in primary leaves of wheat plants. Vegetos 2009, 22(1), 39-45.

Dark incubation of wheat primary leaves for 24 h - 96 h caused the loss of pigments, proteins and inhibition of PS II and PS I catalyzed electron transport activities due to ageing. The inclusion of either Ca^{2+ or Al3+ protects the primary leaves from the loss of pigments, proteins and protects the electron transport from inhibition. Between two metal ions Al2+ seems to be more protective in comparison with Ca2+, due to screening of more negative charges on the thylakoid membrane.}

3 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref

015930   Doss A;Mohammed Mubarack H;Dhanabalan R (Microbiology Dep, RVS College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, Email: dossandro@gmail.com) : Antibacterial activity of tannins from the leaves of Solanum trilobatum Linn. Indian J Sci Technol 2009, 2(2), 41-3.

Compounds of pharmacological interest (tannins) were isolated from the plant species, Solanum trilobatum Linn and assayed against the bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyrogens, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris and Escherichia coli using agar diffusion method. Tannins exhibited antibacterial activities against all the tested microorganisms. S.aureus was the most resistant to tannins isolated from the plant material followed by Streptococcus pyrogens, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgari and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the tannins ranged between 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ml while the minimum bactericidal concentration ranged between 1.5 and 2.0 mg/ml.

2 tables, 27 ref

015929   Deokule S S;Pokharkar A A (Botany Dep, University Pune, Pune-411 007, Email: deokule@unipune.ernet.in) : Pharmacognostic study of leaf of Gymnema sylvestre (RETZ.) R. BR. EX Schultes. J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(1), 18-24.

Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br. ex Schultes is a vulnerable, slow growing, perennial woody climber. It is an age old medicinal plant being used as potent antidiabetic. Gymnema sylvestre leaves contain gymnemic acid which is known to suppress the transport of glucose from the intestine into the blood stream and a small protein interacts with receptors on the tongue to decrease the sensation of sweetness of many foods. As it is being sold in various drugs markets, for standardization and correct botanical identification, detailed pharmacognostic studies have been carried out and reported in this paper. The study includes macroscopic and microscopic characters, quantitative microscopy, histochemistry and detailed phytochemistry including pharmacopoeal standard, such as percentage extractives, ash and fluorescence analysis values.

5 illus, 6 tables, 16 ref

015928   Chavan S J (Botany Dep, Post-Graduate Research Center, Tuljaram Chaturchand College, Baramati, Pune-413 102) : Family Lejeuneaceae from Andaman Islands, India. Bioinfolet 2010, 7(1), 4-8.

Gives an account of the taxa belonging to family Lejeuneaceae from various Andaman Islands, India. Total 30 corticolous and foliicolous species belonging to 12 genera are distributed over 03 subfamilies viz. Ptychnthoidae, Lejeunoidae and Cololejeunoidae. Andaman showed luxuriant growth of epiphyllous hepatics than that of corticolous forms. The Lejeuneaceae taxa provided connecting link with the species reported in Malaya, Burma and mainlands of India (Lopholejeunea, Ptychanthus, Cheilolejeunea, Lejeunea, Leptolejeunea, Colura and Cololejeunea).

1 table, 25 ref

015927   Chattopadhyay S P;Paria N D (Botany Dep, University of Calcutta, Kolkata-700 019) : Biological spectrum of flora of Hazaribagh district, Jharkhand (India). J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(1), 206-11.

Life-forms of the vegetation and biological spectrum of the flora of Hazaribagh district, Jharªkhand have been determined. The comparison of the obtained biological spectrum with the normal spectrum of Raunkiaer (1934) reveals that the per cent value of therophytes is much higher than that of any other life-form in the obtained spectrum and it is more than twice and half of normal spectrum. This indicates the therophytic phytoclimate of the district. This is contrary to Raunkiaer's hypothesis. The predominance of therophytes over phanerophytes and nanophanerophytes is probably due to human action in disturbing the vegetation, clearing of forests and utilisation of forest lands for cultivation and urbanisation, and grazing by livestocks.

1 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

015926   Chandhok A;Agrawal A K;Kuriyal S K (Botany Dep, Government Post Graduate College, Uttarkashi-249 193) : Impact of different concentrations of α-NAA and Kn on biomass partitioning and net primary production of withania somnifera-an important medicinal plant. Vegetos 2009, 22(1), 115-26.

Study was conducted to evaluate the effect of growth regulators on biomass partitioning and net primary production of Withania somnifera at 1100 msl altitude exhibiting marked impact. Standing crop of biomass and net primary production of stem + leaves biomass, underground plant parts and fruit biomass increased consistently till last stage of growth in all the treatments. The maximum impact was reported for P₉ (a-NAA 300 ppm + Kn 100 ppm) and minimum for P₂ (a-NAA 100 ppm) treated plots. The combined effect of a-NAA and Kn enhanced the biomass favourably.

9 tables, 15 ref

015925   Chakravarty S;Naik M L (Botany Dep, Government Chhattisgarh College, Raipur-492 001) : Responses of chlorococcales algae to cobalt. Flora Fauna 2009, 15(2), 267-71.

Toxic effect of cobalt on various forms of chlococcalean algae were investigated with different concentrations of salt viz;10Oppm, 10ppm, 1 ppm, 0.1 ppm, 0.01 ppm. Seventeen species and forms of chlorococcalean algae were almost uniformly present in the six ponds of Raipur city (Chhattisgarh). Average number of disappearance days had been calculated for each species and forms of the algae. Comparative toxicity (high to low) at different concentrations of element with different algae were estimated. Average number of days of survival of different species of chlorococcalean algae, with different concentrations of the cobalt exhibited that all the species of algae disappeared within 24 hours of exposure to 100 ppm of the salt. Some of the forms of algae proved to be most sensitive and others were the most tolerant.

1 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

015924   Basu R (Saltora Netaji Centenary College, , Soltora-722 158, Email: Ramsankarprl@yahoo.co.in) : Role of sacred groves in biodiversity conservation in Bankura district of West Bengal. J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(1), 12-17.

Series of investigations were carried out in 43 sacred groves of the tribal of rich areas in the district of Bankura of West Bengal during the years of 2006 - 2008. 139 plant species were recorded, dicots were 124, monocots 12. Among them, species of trees were 72, shrubs 16, herbs 33, lianas 4, climbers 13, epiphytes 1. Sacred groves totally cover an area of 10.77 hectare. Tribals met with are 'Santals' and 'Koramudis'; other tribals communities are 'Bedias' and 'Mahalis'. The dominant tree species are Shorea robusta, which have 65% occurrence, average height within 12.19 to 19.81m and girth within 2.13 to 3.65m. Co-dominant tree species were Butea monosperma, Madhuca longifolia, Streblus asper, Alangium saluifolium and Diospyros melanoxylon. The dominant family in the study area is Combretaceae with 7 species. But the family Dipterocarpaceae has maximum number of individuals 252. Papilionaceae, Euphorbiªaceae, Rubiaceae also have good representation. These groves are a good resource of 35 ethnoªmedicinal plants, of which, Andrographis paniculata, Asparagus racemosus, Holarrhena pubescens, Celastrus paniculatus, Smilax oualifolia, Yanda tessellata are abundant. Diversity index of the woody species is found to be 0.99. Importance Value Index (IV!) of Shorea robusta is 38.94. At present, religious proscription of the tribes has weakened. Old plants have become devastated by termite, fungus, thunder-stroke, unforeseen fatal calamity and even by soil erosion. Invasion of exotic weeds like Eupatorium odoratum, Lantana camara and Parthenium hysterophorus has become an ecological problem. Sacred groves still present in the district of Bankura are the repositories of biological diversity and genetic resources. To protect this biodiversity and its practical implementation, a joint endeavor will be expected from the Ministry of Environment and Forests and the ethnic groups associated therein.

12 ref

015923   Barua K N;Khatri P K (Ecology & Biological Div, Rain Forest Research Institute, Jorhat, Assam) : Floristic wealth, life form and biological spectrum of gibbon wild life sanctuary (Gwls), Assam. J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(1), 72-86.

Extensive floristic studies were conducted in Gibbon Wild Life Santuary, Assam and vegetation pattern has been described. A total of 285 species belonging to 212 genera and 97 families were reported. It also includes 16 species of fem and fem allies and one gymnosperm. Among 268 species of angiosperm, five are canes and three bamboos, twelve primitive angiospermic plants, sixty two plants having medicinal value, a total of nineteen species were recorded as invader in the forest that arrived from different phytogeographical regions with a majority from American origin. The forest belongs to tropical moist semi-evergreen type and Dipterocarpus retusus (Hollong) is the predominant element. The associated species are Alianthus integrifolia, Altingia excelsa, Artocarpus chama, Castano psis purpurella, Cinnamomum bejolghota, Dysoxylum gobara, Mesua ferrea, Michelia champaca and Vatica lanceaefolia. Ground vegetation is fairly dense with abundant low grasses and sedges. The biological spectrum of the study area as compªared with Raunkiaer,s NBS showed that the dominant life form of the vegetation was phaneroªphytes. Chamaeophytes occupied the second highest position in the study sites. The higher percentages ofphanerophytes reflect the hot, humid with high rainfall conditions of the site.

3 tables, 15 ref

015922   Banerjee L K;Shaukat A F;Litten Brown C W (Botanical Survey of india, , Kolkata) : Herbal innovative technology from the plant, `Lata' Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) W.T. Aiton (Apocynaceae). J Econ Taxon Bot 2010, 34(1), 113-26.

This account reviews information on all possible aspect of the biology of Ichnocarpus frutescens that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behavior. Taxonomic status, distribution, ecology and habitat, population density and importance value index, anatomy, autecology, germination, use and utilization, pharmacognostic value and recent uses of this climber in the cottage industries are the main topics of presentation. Ichnocarpus frutescens, an evergreen lianas or twining shrub, grows in various habitats from the open ground cover to low hill top of semi evergreen, dry moist evergreen, forest hedgerows up to high hills of moist evergreen and shrups of 1500m. Ichnocarpus frutescens occurs on a wide variety of soil but best growth is found in dry lateritic condition where soil pH ranges from 5.4 to 6.2 and organic carbon from 0.7 to 1.05. It is intolerant of water logging due to absence of arenchyma. It can reclaim industrial waste lands, overburdens of mined bauxite, dolomite, copper, iron, coal and open cast mine spoils as it is capable of growing in low macronutrient soil but it responds positively to nutrient addition from other sources. It has also been described as a stress-tolerant competitor. Ichnocarpus frutescens is a very interesting material for cottage industries, and the processes for preparation of various decorative articles for export is no doubt a new innovative technology.

5 tables, 13 ref

015921   Aparadh V T;Karadge B A (Botany Dep, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416 004) : Seed ornamentation studies in some Cleome species. Bioinfolet 2010, 7(1), 73-6.

Deals with SEM studies on seed surface morphology of six Cleome species viz Cleome viscosa, C. gynandra, C. speciosa, C. simplicifolia, C. chelidonii and C. monophylla. Seeds of all the Cleome species were circular, curved and more or less horseshoe shaped with various seed ornamentations.

1 table, 4 ref

015920   Andhale S B;Papdiwal P B (Botany Dep, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad-431 004) : Diversity of planktonic diatoms from Nathsagar reservoir, Paithan, Maharashtra state. Flora Fauna 2009, 15(2), 301-9.

Diversity of diatoms in the Jayakwadi Bird Sanctuary was studied for four years (2005-2008) and their taxonomic accounts are given. Species of Pinnularia and Cymbella were observed at the locations Bramhgavan, Dhakephal, Kaigaon and Nathsagar North; during September to March. A detailed systematic account of these 2 genera and 33 species is given, as a first phase of ecological studies of the Sanctuary.

1 plate, 11 ref