015919   Andhale S B;Papdiwal P B (Botany Dep, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad-431 004) : Some filamentous green algae from Nathsagar reservoir, (M. S.). Bioinfolet 2010, 7(1), 32-5.

Preliminary survey of algae from the water body at Nathsagar reservoir (M.S.) was undertaken during 2005-2008. A large number of fresh water chlorophycean algae have been recorded. Schizomeris, Oedogonium, Zygnemopsis, Mougeotia and Spirogyra were found to be dominant genera during winter.

13 ref

015918   Akinnibosun H A;Erhenhi A H;Iyama C P (Plant Biology and Biotechnology Dep, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin City-300 001, Edo State, Nigeria) : Effects of salinity on the growth of maize (Zea Mays L.) variety suwan=1-SR 063802. Biosci Biotechnol Res Communs 2009, 2(1), 33-9.

Investigation into the effects of different concentrations of salinity at OmM, 90mM, 180mM and 360mM on the growth and development of maize (Zea mays L.) variety SUWAN=l-SR 063802 was carried out over a period of six weeks of treatment after the establishment of the crop for three weeks in the screen house in a randomized block design. Salinity effect on maize is concentration dependent. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the control (OmM) and 90mM treated plants (TP) in terms of leaf number, leaf area, stem girth and senescence, but the control was significantly different (p<0.05) from the 180mM and 360mM TP in growth parameters such as leaf number, leaf area, plant height, senescence and stem girth. Plants subjected to 180mM salinity showed significant leaf chlorosis from three weeks after treatment (3WAT) while those of 360mM NaCI treatment had started to senesce and complete death was recorded 6WAT. In spite of the fact that flowering was first observed in the control plants followed by those subjected to 90mM NaCI treatment, there was faster rate of its development in the 90mM TP; an indication that moderate level of salinity promotes flower development in maize, but high salinity causes reduction in leaf number, plant height, leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight and an increase rate of senescence.

7 illus, 40 ref

015917   Ahirwar J R;Tripathi J P (Botany Dep, Government College, Niwari, Tikamgarh, Madhya Pradesh) : Effect of different inorganic fertilizers on seedling growth of Alangium lamarckii Thwaites. Flora Fauna 2009, 15(2), 272-6.

Experiment was conducted to assess the effect of nitrogen, phosphorous and potash on seedling growth of Alangium lamarckii. The observations revealed positive response of these fertilizers on the growth behaviour of seedlings as they were enhanced significantly as compared with that of the seedlings grown in control (unfertilized soil). The growth was more pronounced with the dose of 40 kg/ha of Phosphorous.

1 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

015916   Agarwala B K;Raychoudhury P (Ecology and Biosystematics Lab, Zoology Dep, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar-799 130, Email: bkagarwala54@yahoo.co.in) : Host plant based biological variations in Aphis gossypii Glover populations (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Entomon 2009, 34(1), 57-60.

Aphis gossypii populations from cotton, chilli, brinjal and arum host plants were tested for variations in biological attributes. Cotton and arum populations of A. gossypii showed distinguishable variations in adult weight, developmental time, generation time, reproductive duration, fecundity, intrinsic rate of increase and net reproductive rate. The results indicate that the phenotypes of A. gossypii inhabiting some host-plant species differ as a consequence of the contrasting feeding environments the host species provide, i.e., A. gossypii populations show host plant specialization.

1 table, 10 ref

013775   Upadhyay U;Singh D P;Kaushik P (Botany and Microbiology Dep, G.K.V., Haridwar) : Bioevaluation of antibacterial potential of Sarpagandha (Rauvolfia serpentina). Envir Conserv J 2009, 10(1-2), 109-11.

The in vitro antibacterial activity of Rauvolfia serpentina plant extract has been investigated against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pnenmoniae using the disc diffusion method. The alcoholic extract was found effective against Staphylococcus aureus only. The antibacterial activity is attributed to the presence of alkaloids, which was confirmed by gas liquid chromatography and positive alkaloid test. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by paper disc diffusion method. The results were compared with reference antibiotic tetracycline (one unit solution).

1 table, 7 ref

013774   Uma M;Srinivasa Rao K;Thirupathaiah V (Botany Dep, Kavitha Memorial P.G. College, Khammam) : Influence of IAA and IAA-oxidase in leaf-spot disease of mulberry caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae. Adv Pl Sci 2009, 22(2), 391-3.

Indole acetic acid (IAA) contents decreased and lAA-oxidase activity increased due to infection of mulberry leaves by the fungus B. theobromae. The IAA contents were more in the susceptible Berhampur local variety and moderately susceptible M₅ variety than in the resistant S₁₃ genotype. But lAA-oxidase activity was more in the resistant S₁₃ genotype than in susceptible and moderately susceptible varieties. The foliar spray growth regulator planofix controlled the development of leaf-spot disease caused by B. theobromae in three genotype of mulberry.

1 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

013773   Tiwari K L;Sharma K (School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla Univ, Raipur, Chhattisgarh) : Aeromycoflora over Ocimum sanctum plant. Flora Fauna 2009, 15(1), 21-4.

Aeromycoflora over Ocimum sanctum plant was studied. Total 17315 fungal spores represented 43 fungal types were observed during the present investigation period. Out of 43 fungal types 1 from Myxomycotina. 3 from zygomycotina, 10 from Ascomycotina, 2 from Basidiomycotina and 27 from Deuteromycotina were observed. It was also observed that fungal population varied from season to season and month to month. Environmental factor played an important role for the distribution of the fungal spores.

1 table, 9 ref

013772   Sirmour R;Goutam M P;Naik M L (School of Studies in life Sciences, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla Univ, Raipur, Chhattisgarh-492 010) : Diatom flora of Durg (C.G.), India. Flora Fauna 2009, 15(1), 61-3.

Diatom flora of Durg was observed by using Acid digestion method. The present account is based on the extensive collections of about 15 water samples from different places of Durg District. 27 species from13 genera were identified from these collection sites. The genera included Achnanthes, Cyc/otella, Cymbella, Fragilaria, Gomphonema, Gyrosigma, Melosira, Navicula, Neidium, Nitzschia, Pinnularia, Suriella and Synendra.

1 table, 13 ref

013771   Singh D P;Mall T P (Post Graduate Dep of Botany, P.G. College, Bahraich, Uttar Pradesh) : Some additional records of follicolous fungi from north central Tarai forests of U.P.. Envir Conserv J 2009, 10(1-2), 27-9.

The follicolous fungi was collected from Feb. 03-05, 2008 from Sirsa forest range of Shrawasti District. The authors collected twenty plant species, representing fourteen families, parasitized by sixteen fungi species. Leptoxyphium buteae was found on Butea frondosa (Fabaceae), where as Pseudocercospora nigricans on Cassia occidentals (Fabaceae); Pseudocercospora sp. on Hetrofragma sp (Boraginaccae) Alternaria on Achyranthes dspera (Amranthaceae). Sy-ygium sp. (Myrtaceae) and Corchorits olitoris (Tiliaceae): Corynespora oh Lantana in(Verbenaceae), Croton roxburghii (Euphorbiaceae). Clerodendron sp. (Verbenaceae); Sirosporium lantanae on Lantana camera (Verbenaccac): Sirosporium sp. on Carica papaya (Caricaceae); Stenella tectonic on Tectona grandis (Verbeaceae); Stenella sp. on Eucalyptus lanculatous (Myrtaceae): Stenella grewiae on Grewia elastica (Tiliaceae); Cercospora sp. on Galycosmis pentaphyla (Rutaceae), Corchorus olitorus (Tiliaceae); Meliola sp. on Streblus asper (Moraceae); Astrostomella on Litsea chinensis (Lauraceae); Acrodytis sp. on Tinspora malaverica (Menispermaceae); Passalora sp on Eopatarium cannabinum (Asteraceae): Oidium sp on Syzygium sp. (Myrtaceae) and Coccinia indica (Cucurbitaceae).

11 ref

013770   Shrivastava S K;Kanungo V K;Prasad S V K (Botany Dep, Govt. Science College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, Email: skshri77@yahoo.co.in) : Productive behaviour of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall.ex ness under the stress of coal fly ash. Adv Pl Sci 2009, 22(2), 481-3.

The productive behaviour of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall, ex Nees (Common name: Kalmegh/Kalpnath) al the age of 100 days was studied under the stress of various fly ash-soil combinations. The produc-I live behaviour in terms of plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area per leaf, leaf area per plant, plant dry biomass (oven dried at 105° C for 24 hours), % moisture content, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid contents have been significantly increased by the application of 10% fly ash to soil under pot culture conditions, while reduced growth was observed at higher concentrations of fly ash i.e. 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%.

2 tables, 24 ref

013769   Sharma V;Sharma N;Singh H;Srivastava K D; Pathania V;Singh B;Gupta C R (Botany Dep, Punjabi Univ, Patiala-147 002, Email: vivek03sharma@rediffmail.com) : Comparative account on GC-MS analysis of Mentha arvensis L. "corn mint" from three different locations of North India. Int J Drug Dev Res 2009, 1(1), 1-9.

The essential oil analysis of Mentha arvensis L. (Corn Mint) has been done for the first time from three locations of North India. The extraction yields for the essential oils of three locations of M. arvensis were: 0.38% for sample M-1 collected from Fatehpur (415m), 0.31% for sample M-2 from Dhameta (435m) and 0.36% for sample MP from Patiala (250m). The oils were analyzed by GC-MS, the components of oil were identified by comparing their retention indices and mass spectra fragmentation patterns with those stored on the MS-computer library and also from the published literatures. The major constituents reported from essential oils of M. arvensis were: L-Menthone, Menthol, Isomenthone, Eucalyptol, Piperitone oxide, Carvone, dl-Limonene, trans-Dihydrocarvone, Germacrene-D, etc. from all three samples collected from Punjab and Himachal Pradesh of Northern India.

3 illus, 4 tables, 17 ref

013768   Sharma A;Patel N H;Vaghela K O;Nizama J R; Vaghela S J (NO, S.D. Agricultural Univ, Sardarkrushinagar-385 506) : Flowering and fruiting phenology of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.). Geobios 2009, 36(2-3), 189-91.

The onset of flowering in Jatropha curcas is recorded in the first week of July to second week of January with peak in August to September. Inflorescence development requires 21 to 24 days. The male:female flower ratio ranged from 15:1 to 19:1 and pollen dehiscence was observed between 7 to 8.30 a.m. High temperature resulted in decrease in the duration to complete anthesis within inflorescence. Mean size of lower tier of stamen was 90.5 and 82 urn, whearas that of upper tier was 83.5 and 89 urn in distilled water and acetocarmine media, respectively. Pollen viability was from 94 to 97 per cent. Female flower to fruit ratio per inflorescence was 3.6 to 5.1 per cent and fruit set percentage was 64 to 71. Seed germination was observed upto 85 to 90 per cent without any treatment. Therefore, it is advised to adopt crossing between above said duration and time period and efforts should be made to increase sex ratio.

2 illus, 1 table, 2 ref

013767   Sathishkumar P;Paulsamy S;Anandakumar A M; Senthilkumar P (Botany Dep, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore-641 029) : Effect of habitat variation on the content of certain secondary metabolites of medicinal importance in the leaves of the plant, Acacia caesia Willd.. Adv Pl Sci 2009, 22(2), 451-3.

The medicinal plant, Acacia caesia Willd. (Mimosaceae) used for the treatment of asthma, cold and skin diseases is generally distributed in different habitat of tropical climate in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu. However, its occurrence is more common in low hills of Western Ghats and other habitats in this region where the soil is stony with low moisture. So far there was no study on the influence of habitat conditions on the changes in the content of secondary metabolites of medicinal importance in this plant. Hence to know the changes in the content of such secondary metabolites in the leaves of A. caesia, the present study was undertaken in three different populations of this species grown in different habitats. Thin layer chromatography revealed the presence of the phytochemical compounds viz., alkaloids, flavanoids, glycosides and saponins in the leaves of all the three populations. Further, the content of all these compounds are found to be higher in the populations of dry habitats.

2 tables, 12 ref

013766   San B;Yildirim A N;Polat M;Yildirim F (Horticulture Dep, Faculty of Agriculture, Suleyman Demirel Univ, 32260 Cunur, Isparta, Turkey, Email: bekirsan@ziraat.sdu.edu.tr) : Mineral composition of leaves and fruits of some promising jujube (Zizypus jujuba Miller) genotypes. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(4), 2898-902.

The mineral compositions of leaves and fruits of the 4 selected promising jujube genotypes were investigated. Nitrogen, potassium, calcium and magnesium for leaves and nitrogen, potassium and calcium for fruit were major macroelements in promising jujube genotypes and represented about 98 and 93% of the total mineral content, respectively. Other minerals were also detected in appreciable amount in leaves and fruits. Significant differences were observed for each individual mineral between genotypes except for the sodium content in leaves and manganese content in fruits. Generally, it was determined that jujube genotypes have high content of the minerals. Jujube genotypes are rich based on calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium and phosphorus.

3 tables, 16 ref

013765   Salgare S A;Gawade S (NO, , Salgare Research Foundation Pvt. Ltd., Prathamesh Society, Shivaji Chowk, Karjat, Maharashtra) : Monitoring of heavy metal (zinc sulphate) toxicity by using pollen as indicators - pollen of Vigna unguiculata. Envir Conserv J 2009, 10(1-2), 85-94.

Zinc sulphate affected the germination of seed of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. The treatment of 0.1 mg/ml of zinc sulphate showed the adverse effect on the phenology. It caused decrease in the fertility of pollen with an increase in the concentrations. This proves the gametocidic behaviour of the heavy metal. Though it affected the fertility of pollen, however, none of the concentration could bring down the fertility to zero percent. Potentiality of the germinability of pollen was noted in all the 4 series i.e. F, F-24, F-48, F-72 investigated. The heavy metal stimulated the germination of pollen of F, F-24 and F-48 series. All the concentrations of zinc sulphate inhibited the germination of pollen of F-72 series as well as the pollen tube growth of all the 4 series. The present investigation also shows that pollen germination and tube elongation are two different processes differing in their sensitivity to different concentrations of the heavy metal. It is also confirmed that the pollen development and activity are more sensitive indicators of adverse factors in the botanical environment and the use of an entire vascular plant as an indicator of pollution is a very crude method and rather a wrong choice.

^iia3 tables, 73 ref

013764   Sajwan M;Bhandari S L;Bisht N S (Botany Dep, H.N.B. Garhwal Univ, Campus-Pauri, Pauri Garhwal-246 001) : Effect of auxins (IAA and 2,4-D) on growth behaviour of Geranium ocellatum Cambess. Adv Pl Sci 2009, 22(2), 465-7.

Effectiveness of IAA (50,100 and 200 ppm) and 2,4-D (5, 10 and 20 ppm) on growth aspects of Geranium ocelktum Cambess. A medicinal herb was studies. Foliar application of 50 ppm of IAA was found to exert most favourable effect on different growth parameters. Application of 2,4-D caused growth retarding effect. Growth variation is also reflected by the values computed for rate of extension growth (REG) and leaf area expansion rate (LAER).

1 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

013763   Saha A;Isha M;Dasgupta S;Saha D (Molecular Plant Pathology and Fungal Biotechnology Laboratory, Botany, North Bengal Univ, Silguri-734 013, Email: asahanbu@yahoo.co.in) : Influence of culture media and environmental factors on growth and sporulation of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc. causing anthracnose of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). Envir Ecol 2009, 27(2A), 872-9.

Calletotrichum gloeosporioides, isolated from affected brinjal plants was studied for their morphological characteristics, mycelial growth and sporulation, spore germination and appressorii formation in different culture media and environmental conditions. Leaf extract agar (LEA) and potato dextrose agar (PDA) supported optimum growth. Sporulation was best in oatmeal agar (OMA) and yeast extract mannitol agar (YEMA). PDB supported best growth among the liquid media tested. Highest mycelial dry weight, spore germination and appressoria formation were recorded at 28 C and pH 6.0. Mannitol showed optimum growth among the tested carbon sources while peptone showed best growth among different nitrogen sources tested. The present study will help to maintain the fungus in the laboratory condition for preparation of inocula for different studies concerning control of the pathogen.

6 illus, 5 tables, 19 ref

013762   Rana U (Plant Physiology Dep, College of Basic Sciences, CSK HPKV, Palampur-176 062, Email: rana.usha@rediffmail.com) : Effect of Ca<. Geobios 2009, 36(1), 49-52.

A changed behaviour of amino acids on calcium uptake was observed in turgid and stressed seedlings. Inhibitory effect of amino acids was reverted in stress conditions. So, the study showed the involvement of certain amino acids to sustain drought effect by increasing the concentration of ions which is measured in terms of calcium uptake.

4 tables, 9 ref

013761   Pandey R;Mall T P;Singh R K (NO, , Wild Life Crime Control Bureau (NR) Bikaner House, Shahjahan Road, New Delhi) : Phytodiversity of Katarniaghat wildlife sanctuary. Envir Conserv J 2009, 10(1-2), 77-9.

The floral diversity in the Wild life Sanctuary is immense. The present documentation indicates the presence of 95 tree species, 57 shrubs, 28 climbers and 23 species of grasses. The main tree species are Sal (Shorea robusta). Asna (Terminalia alata), Sheesham (Dalbergia sissoo), Bel (Aegle marmelos), Kusum (Schieichera oleosa), Ficus spp and semal (Bombax ceiba), etc. The main grass occurring in the area are Kaans (Saccharum spontaneum) and Moonj (Saccharum munja). Calamus tern.

6 ref

013760   Paliwal A K;Sharma N L (Botany Dep, Govt. P.G. College, Bageshwar-263 642) : Aquatic & marshy angiospermic macrophytes of Bageshwar district in Kumaon of Uttarakhand. Adv Pl Sci 2009, 22(2), 571-2.

Dials with the macrophytes collected during the year 2001-2003 and describe an account of the survey of aquatic vegetation found in Bageshwar district of Kumaon region of Uttarakhand. These aquatics behave as pollution indicators and regulate by the physiochemical character of water bodies playing an important role in nutrient cycling. This paper includes 26 angiospermic macrophytic species of 24 genera belonging to 16 families, out of which 18 species are dicots and 08 species are monocots.

1 table, 10 ref

013759   Paliwal A K;Beena Kumari (Botany Dep, Govt. P.G. College, Bageshwar-263 642) : "Angiospermic dicots's" havoc by Cuscuta spp. of Bageshwar district in Kumaon of Uttarakhand. Adv Pl Sci 2009, 22(2), 573-4.

Angiosperms arc the colossal assemblage of (lowering plants. The present paper deals with the "angiospermic dicots's" havoc by total stem parasite Cuscuta reflexa Koxb., collected during year 2001-2003 and describes an account of the survey ol dicotyledon's plants affected by amarbel found in Bageshwar district of Kumaun region of Utlarakhand. Bagcshwar district comprised of Bageshwar tehsil, Kapkot tchsil, Garur tehsil & Kanda tchsil. This paper includes 48 dicots species belonging to 43 genera and 33 families affected by amarbel.

8 ref

013758   Pagare R S;Auti S G;Aglave B A;Nikam T D (Botany Dep, HPT Arts and RYK Science College, Nashik-422 005) : Protocol for callus culture of Phyllanthus amarus schum and Thonn. and possibility of use of callus culture in production of phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin. Adv Pl Sci 2009, 22(2), 433-6.

Phylllanthus amarus Schum and Thonn. is an important herbaceous species of medicinal value, used in the Ayurvedic formulation 'Chyawanprash'. Phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin are reported as therapeutically active constituents and serve as hepatoprotective agents. Callus culture of Phyllanthus amarus Schum and Thonn. was established from leaf explant on MS media containing auxins and cytokinins (0-22 μ M) individually and in combinations. The extensive callus proliferation was obtained on MS media fortified with BA (5 μ M) + 2,4-D (5μ M) and Kin (2.5μM) + 2.4D (5.0 μ M). The phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin content was maximum in callus on MS media containing NAA (15 μM) followed by IAA (10 μ M). The other combination observes the considerable amount of phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin in the range of 2.6-3.9 and 5.2-8.0 mg/gm respec tively. The result showed the possibility of use of callus culture in production of phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin.

4 tables, 10 ref

013757   Nath V;Gupta R (Bryology Laboratory, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, Email: drvirendranath2001@rediffmail.com) : Anoectangium stracheyanum Mitt.-a moss new to Central India. Geobios 2009, 36(1), 5-8.

The moss Anoectangium stracheyanum Mitt. is reported new to central Indian region. The plant is characterized by small densely tufted narrow lanceolate leaves with flat margin, lateral seta and absence of peristome. It was collected from localities of the Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve, at an altitude between 800 -1000 m. The moss shows terrestrial habit with luxuriant growth over moist or soil covered rocks.

19 illus, 6 ref

013756   Mohammed K;Rifaee A L;Haddad N I;Aburjai T (Horticulture and Field Crops Dep, Jordan Univ, Amman 1192, Jordan, Email: nasrih@nets.com.jo) : Diversity and conservation of Hypericum triquetrifolium (Guttiferae) in Jordan. Crop Res 2009, 37(1-3), 255-65.

The study covered three regions in north, center and south of Jordan, each of which includes two areas with multi sites, collectively totalled 27 wild sites. The aims were to assess the diversity status of Hypencum triquetrifolium in the natural habitats and to conserve the seeds. In 2005 and 2006, transect quadrate method was used to determine species count, percentages, richness, evenness, abundance, frequency, Shannon diversity index, habitats and threats to diversity. Investigations revealed that H. triquetrifolium had a wide adaptability to varied ecologies. The plant explored from arid to semi-humid areas (176 to 582 mm), growing in diverse environments (mountainous, plains, road side, cultivated fields, and valley bottom) and in varied altitude (341 to 1 577 masl). Sites were threatened mostly by soil cultivation and grazing, reflected by vegetation disappearance or by annual variation of the low diversity values (0 to 1.02), absence and/or newly recorded species and percentages of repeated species (20 to 77%). Representative herbarium specimens and seeds of H. triquetrifolium from each site were conserved. As a medicinal plant, H. triquetrifolium needs to be considered as a priority species for research and development at the national, regional and international levels.

3 illus, 5 tables, 19 ref

013755   Meena M L;Sanjay Kumar;Jagat Singh (Applied Plant Science (Horticulture) Dep, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Univ, Vidya-Vihar, Lucknow-226 025, Email: maheriari@rediffmail.com) : Effect of nitrogen and sulfur on yield attributing characters of onion (Allium cepa L.). Envir Ecol 2009, 27(2A), 942-4.

An experiment was conducted on onion cv Nasik Red with the levels of N 80 and 120 kg/ha and S 30, 45 and 60 kg/ha. The maximum plant height, length of leaves, number of leaves and diameter of bulb were recorded with the level of both N and S (N₁₂₀ S₄₅). The same combination of nutrient also showed pronounced effect on yield of bulb/plot Maximum diameter of bulb and fresh weight of bulb were observed in S₃, N₂ and S₃ N₁ treatments respectively. Thus, application of 120 kg N and 45 kg sulfur/ha may be adopted for obtaining higher yield of onion.

2 tables, 11 ref

013754   Manjunath M;Bhaskar R N;Shashidhar K R; Chinnaswamy K P;Sreeramu B S (Sericulure Dep, Agricultural Sciences Univ, Bangalore-560 065) : In-vivo efficacy of botanicals on cocoon parameters of PM x CSR₂ infected with Bacillus sp. (Hemolymph). Envir Ecol 2009, 27(2), 627-9.

Administration of medicinal botanical extracts on third and fourth instar larvae of PM <67> CSR₂ infected with 10^{-1 10-2 and 10-3 dilution of Bacillus sp. (hemolymph) resulted in reducing bacterial flacherie disease. However, Aegle marmelos extract sprayed lots recorded maximum cocoon weight (1.34 and 1.34 g) and pupal weight (1.12 and 1.12 g) at 1 : 1 and I : 3 proportions respectively. Tinospora cardifolia extract sprayed Tots recorded minimum cocoon weight (1.28 and 1.28 g) and pupal weight (1.09 and 1.08 g) at 1 : 1 and 1: 3 proportions respectively as compare to control. The same trend was noticed on silkworm rearing and economic parameters of PM <67> CSR₂ when treated with other medicinal plant extracts.}

1 table, 5 ref

013753   Mandal D;Dutta Ray S K (Fruits & Orchard Management Dep, Faculty of Horticulture Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741 252, Email: deba_1982@yahoo.co.in) : Physico-chemical characterization of selected germplasms of pummelo (Citrus grandis Osbeck.). Envir Ecol 2009, 27(2), 638-41.

Present study was made by collecting fruits and primary data of plant characters from the selected 12 germplasms of pummelo from six districts of West Bengal. The study suggests that commonly the plants are seed propagated, regular bearer and fruit maturity occurs between September-December. Yield, plant growth i.e. height, basal girth, plant spread increased with age and H2 recorded highest among them with 120-130 fruits/year. B3 recorded moderately higher results in respect of all physical parameters, along with least seed number, which altogether proved it most desirable germplasm. No such single germplasm was found which was most superior in respect of all chemical characters. Five germplasms (Bl, Nl, HI, H2 and No 1) showed moderately desirable results in respect of these characters. Corresponding physical and chemical parameters of HI, B3, H2 and Bl scored best among the 12 selected germplasms.

2 tables, 15 ref

013752   Madhekar R D;Mungikar A M (Botany Dep, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada Univ, Aurangabad-431 004) : Changes associated with storage of leaf juice extracted from lucerne (Medicago sativa L.). Geobios 2009, 36(1), 103-4.

^ssc1 table, 8 ref

013751   Lata N;Vishwakarma K;Dubey V (Botany Dep, C.M.D.P.G. College, Gurughasi Das Univ, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh) : Physio-biochemical analysis of Najas foveolata A. BR. in relation to salinity. Flora Fauna 2009, 15(1), 73-6.

Deals with the physiological behavior of Najas foveolata A.Br. in relation to variant salinity concentrations. The aquatic" plant, collected from the Lake Chilika was taken as experimental material and cultured aseptically under different salinity concentrations of lake water. Physiological and biochemical parameters were analyzed in response to variations. Growth parameters, pigments and metabolic contents were studied and compared.

4 tables, 24 ref

013750   Khairner D N (Botany Dep, K.A.A.M.N.S. Arts, Commerce & Science College, Satana-423 301) : Ethnomedicinal observations of endangered Madhuca longifolia from Nashik district, Maharashtra. Geobios 2009, 36(2-3), 223-4.

3 ref

013749   Kabnoorkar P S;Deokule S S (Botany Dep, Pune Univ, Pune-411 007) : Changes in chemical constituents in roots of Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. infested with Aspergillus parasiticus and A. Niger under storage. Geobios 2009, 36(2-3), 206-10.

The roots of Boerhaavia when stored under different relative humidities for different days showed that incidence of A. parasiticus and A. niger was maximum. The roots infested with these two fungi and stored under higher relative humidity (96%) showed considerable changes in sugar, protein, phenol, alkaloid and glycoside contents.

5 tables, 20 ref

013748   Kabnoorkar P S;Deokule S S (Botany Dep, Pune Univ, Pune-411 007) : Isolation of fungi from Cassia angustifolia, Vahl. and deterioration of chemical constituents under storage. Geobios 2009, 36(2-3), 129-32.

Leaves of Cassia angustifolia stored under different relative humidities (RH), viz. 33, 55, 75, 96 & 100% showed variations in% incidence of fungi. These fungi, which may grow on Cassia, not only reduced their chemical constituents such as sugars, proteins, phenols and glycosides but also affect its efficacy. The drug stored under 96 & 100% RH showed maximum association of fungi as well as deterioration of chemical constituents.

4 tables, 10 ref

013747   Jain S (Botany Dep, Dr. H. S. Gour Univ, Sagar-470 003) : Two new species of foliicolous fungi from India. Flora Fauna 2009, 15(1), 47-53.

During periodic survey for the collection and study of foliicolous fungal froms, a large number of specimens were collected. Two new foliicolous fulgal forms viz. Monochaetia anacardiacearum and Monochaetia fid infecting the living leaves of Mangifera indica L.. & Ficus elastica Roxb. respectively are described, illustrated and compared with allied taxa.

4 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

013746   Jadhav;Ramesh R;Shinde;Sangita A (Botany Dep, Matoshri Bayabai Shripatrao Kadam Kenya Mahavidyalaya Kadegaon, Sangli-415 304) : Antifungal activity of lead extracts on some drug plants. Geobios 2009, 36(2-3), 165-8.

Aqueous leaf extracts of Calotropis gigantea, Ocimum sanctum, Azadirachta indica, Vinca rosea, Lantana camara, Adhatoda vasica, Tagetes erecta, Vitex negundo, Polyalthia longifolia, Thuja orientalis, Cupressussp.,Araucariaaraucariana, Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Allium cepa, and Allium sativum were tested against the growth of pathogenic fungi like A/ternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora sp.,and Rhizoctonia solani on some drug plants. Nearly all extracts were found to be effective against fungi.

3 tables, 5 ref

013745   Grover A;Bhandari B S;Rai N;Chandra H (Botany and Microbiology Dep, H.N.B. Garhwal Univ, Garhwal) : Antifungal activity of Lantana camara L. and Syzygium aromaticum L. against Candida albicans. Envir Conserv J 2009, 10(1-2), 103-7.

Candida is a commensal organism found in 40-80% of normal humans. Candidiasis is observed in immunocompromised individuals such as HIV-positive patients, it may also occur in blood and genital tract. The drug-resistant bacteria and fungal pathogens have further complicated the treatment of infectious diseases in immunocompromised, AIDS and cancer patients. The in vitro antimicrobial activity was performed by Asar disc diffusion and Agar well diffusion method. The crude aqueous fractions and Methanolic extracts of leaves of Lantana camara and buds of Syzygium aromaticum were investigated for there antifungal activity against yeast Candida albicans. Methanolic extract of Syygium was found to be effective against Candida while aqueous extract showed no activity. Both aqueous and methanolic extract of Lantana camara showed no antifungal activity. These observations could be the basis for the usefulness of the buds of Syzygium in treatment remedies for candidiasis or microbial infections.

3 illus, 4 tables, 24 ref

013744   Gohain M;Biswas S P (Life Sciences Dep, Dibrugarh Univ, Dibrugarh-786 004) : Fecundity of some fish species of the Brahmaputra basin. Geobios 2009, 36(2-3), 157-60.

Fecundity of ten commonly available fish species of the Brahmaputra basin is found to be highly variable. Absolute fecundity as diverse as 147 to 15649.2 and 163 to 16779.4 was observed in M. tengara and G. giuris, respectively. Lepidocephalus gunteawas recorded as a high fecund fish, while Macrognathus aral as a low fecund fish. Nandus nandus, Puntius conchonius, Chanda ranga and Mystus tengara were recorded as moderately fecund fish. The relationships between fecundity (F) and total length (TL), total body weight (TW) and ovary weight (OW) were established.

2 tables, 12 ref

013743   Gnana Soundari S;Sashi V;Malathy N S (Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology Dep, P.S.G.R. Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore-641 004, Email: sashicbe@yahoo.co.in) : Xylanase production from Rhizopus nigricans ehrenberg using wheat bran as a carbon source. Adv Pl Sci 2009, 22(2), 401-4.

The production of xylanase by Rhizopus nigricans in submerged fermentation at different ranges of pH, temperature and time periods were studied. The maximum xylanase production, however, was obtained at pH 5.0, temperature 30° C and time period of 120 hrs. In order to find out the further optimization conditions, divalent ions, nitrogen sources were also examined.

013742   Gajbhiye V R (Botany Dep, College of Agriculture Maharajbagh, Nagpur, Maharashtra) : In vitro propagation of sarpagandha (Rauvolfia serpentina Benth ex. Kurz.). Adv Pl Sci 2009, 22(2), 619-20.

^ssc8 ref

013741   Gadgile D P;Chavan A M (Botany Dep, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada Univ, Aurangabad-431 004, Email: ram_mango@yahoo.com) : Changes in sugar contents of mango pulp due to different isolates of Aspergillus niger. Geobios 2009, 36(2-3), 211-12.

In post-harvest condition, mango fruit gets infected by several fungal diseases such as anthracnose, Rhizopus rot, stem end rot and Aspergillus niger rot, etc. Among these, A. niger rot is very serious which causes changes in biochemical composition. Spore suspension of five isolates of A. niger was inoculated in ripened varieties of Alphanso, Benishan, Dasheri, Kesar and local. After seven days sugar was found to decrease significantly.

4 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

013740   Dwivedi R S P;Dwivedi S N;Namedo K N;Pathak S;Mittoliya V K (Botany Dep, Government Model Science College, Rewa-486 001) : Effect of row spacings and nitrogen sources on nutrient contents and uptake of isabgol (Plantao ovata Forsk.) varieties. Crop Res 2008, 36(1-3), 354-8.

A field experiment was conducted during winter seasons of 2005-06 and 2006-07 to study the effect of row spacings and nitrogen sources on the nutrient contents and uptake of isabgol varieties. Sowing at 20 cm row spacing and applied with 25% N by urea+75% N by FYM (total 30 kg N/ha) as well as their combination raised the N, P and K contents in seed and straw of isabgol varieties significantly in addition to their total uptake. The highest nutrients uptake by isabgol crop (GI-1 or HI-5) producing a total biomass from 40.87 to 42.45 q/ha at 20 cm row spacing was 58.96-67.91 kg N, 20.07-22.79 kg P and 28.34-31.22 kg K/ha. The crop applied with 25% N by urea+75% N by FYM also removed the maximum NPK per hectare. The combined input (20 cm spacing with N-source having 25% N by urea+75% N by FYM further augmented the uptake of these nutrients. The findings suggest that due to heavy withdrawal of nutrients by isabgol crop as a result of improved production technology, the succeeding crops must be nourished properly with all the essential plant nutrients particularly FYM based on soil test values.

2 tables, 7 ref

013739   Dwivedi R S P;Dwivedi S N;Namdeo K N;Pathak S;Mittoliya V K (Botany Dep, Government Model Science College, Rewa-486 001) : Effect of row spacings and nitrogen sources on growth, yield and quality of isabgol (Plantago ovata Forsk.) varieties. Crop Res 2008, 36(1-3), 349-53.

Field experiment was conducted during winter seasons of 2005-06 and 2006-07 to study the effect of row spacings and nitrogen sources on growth, yield and quality of isabgol varieties. The most optimum row spacing for both the isabgol varieties (Gujarat Isabgol-1 and Haryana Isabgol-5) was 20 cm which encouraged growth and yield-attributing parameters upto the highest range. Gujarat Isabgol-1 proved better than Haryana Isabgol-5 at each row spacing which gave the maximum seed yield (13.70 q/ha), net income (Rs. 50427/ha) and improved the medicinal value giving the highest seed mucilage (35.91%) as well as swelling factor (11.30 cc/g) at 20 cm row spacing. The best N-source treatment was 25% N by urea+75% N by FYM (total 30 kg N/ha) which recorded significantly higher seed yield upto 14.43 q/ha, net return up to Rs. 53610/ha, seed mucilage 36.16% and swelling factor 11.27 cc/g. The combined input (interaction) of 20 cm row spacing with 25% N by urea+75% N by FYM further augmented these parameters of Gujarat Isabgol-1 synergistically (seed yield 15.58 q/ha, net income Rs. 59658/ha, seed mucilage 36.8% and swelling factor 11.49 cc/g). This was followed by Haryana Isabgol-5 with the same row spacing and N-source treatment. Thus, both these interactions proved the most remunerative.

3 tables, 15 ref

013738   Dutta B;Nath S C (Botany Dep, Sibsagar Girl's College, Sivasagar-785 640) : Foliar epidermal characters of Pogostemon benghalensis (B) O.Ktz. (Lamiaceae) in Assam. Adv Pl Sci 2009, 22(2), 601-3.

An investigation of leaf epidermal characters of Pogostemon benghalensis was conducted in Assam. Based on leaf-margin morphology two variants were recognized and the epidermal features, specially epidermal cells architecture, stomatal characters and trichome characters were studied by following standard method. The epidermal cells architecture and trichome complex showed no significant variation except slight differences in sizes. But, the stomatal size, stomatal frequency and stomatal index showed significant variation between the variants. The leaf-epidermal features analysis revealed intervariteal variation in one hand correlations between them on the other.

1 table, 5 ref

013737   Diwan R K;Saxena R C (Pest Control and Ayurvedic Drug Research, Laboratory, S.S.L. Jain P.G. College, Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh) : Effect of Eclipta alba on loss of fecundity and phagodeterrancy of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.). Envir Conserv J 2009, 10(1-2), 53-5.

Eclipta alba, which is herbaceous plant, has shown phagodeterrant activity, equally good as insect sterilent. Three different concentrations of the plant extract in petroleum ether and acetone showed loss in fecundity and fertility in Callosobruchus maculatus, a serious stored pest of green gram. The detail photochemistry of chemosterrilent is still in progress.

1 table, 11 ref

013736   Dhanavel D;Girija M (Botany Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar-608 002) : Effect of EMS, DES and SA on quantitative traits of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] in M₁ generation. Crop Res 2009, 37(1-3), 239-41.

Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] variety CO 6 was exposed to varying doses of chemical mutagens. Optimum doses of 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5% of EMS; 0.05, 0.06 and 0.07% of DES and 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05% of SA for 6 h were applied to 200 seed samples of each genotype. Screening of the M, generation revealed that the mutagenic treatments induced morphological and yield parameters in the genotype. Morphological and yield characters recorded significant reduction. Significant variation among cowpea cultivars was observed for seed germination, seedling survival, days to first flower, plant height, number of clusters/plant, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/plant, number of leaves/plant, 1 00-seed weight and seed yield per plant showed variability for both concentration of mutagens as well as cultivars.

1 table, 12 ref

013735   Dhale D A;Markandeya S K;Jadhav D S (Botany Dep, S.M.D. Mohekar College, Kallam TQ & Dist. Osmanabad, Maharashtra) : Pharmacognostic evaluation of lumbago zeylanica Linn. (Plumbaginaceae). Flora Fauna 2009, 15(1), 167-72.

Deals with the pharmacognostic investigations on the Plumbago zeylanica Linn. (Plumbaginaceae). Macroscopic and microscopic examinations of the organs and differential chemical tests were carried out for the authentication of the drug samples. Extractive values as well as quantitative estimation of various phytochemicals have been studied for different plant organs.

6 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

013734   Desai U;Karande C T (Botany Dep, Yeshwantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Satara-415 001, Email: ctkarande@gmail.com) : Preliminary observations on charophytes from Kolhapur district, Maharashtra. Geobios 2009, 36(1), 77-82.

Eleven taxa of Charophytes belonging to two genera viz. Chara and Nitella are reported here. They are Chara socotrensis f. nuda, C. zeylanica var. zeylancia f. oerstdiana, C. zeylanica var. zeylancia f. elegans, C. zeylanica var. zeylanica f. fi/icaulis, C. globularis var. and f. leptosperma, C. vulgaris var. and f. vulgaris, Nitella dualis var. pulchella f. pulchella, N. capillata, N. stuartii, and N. heteroteles. Except for C socotrensis f. nuda, all others are being reported for the first time from Kolhapur District (Maharashtra).

67 illus, 16 ref

013733   Deepak Kumar (Botany Dep, Hindu College, Muradabad-244 001) : Effect of salinity on growth and yield in berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.). Envir Ecol 2009, 27(3), 1170-4.

Two cultivars of berseem (salt tolerant JHB-146 and salt sensitive JB-5) were exposed to salinity in field. Various growth parameters such as length, weight (fresh and dry) of root and shoot, dry weight of leaflets decreased with increasing salinity levels. In contrast, more inhibitory effect was shown by JB-5. Dry mass of plant increased at 4 and 8 dS/m but progressively decreased at 12 to 24 dS/m. The results on forage yield indicated an increase at 4 and 8 dS/m and a significant decrease was recorded at 12 to 24 dS/m. It was increased with successive cuttings.

3 tables, 9 ref

013732   Dash P K;Saxena D K (Biodiversity Conservation Div, , Vasundhara, Bhubaneswar-751 007) : Bryoflora of khandadhar hill ranges, Orissa, India. Geobios 2009, 36(2-3), 113-15.

Twenty nine species of bryophytes comprising 23 liverworts, 4 mosses and 2 hornworts are being reported for the first time from Khandadhar hill ranges of Orissa during the survey conducted from January 2006 to November 2007. Some of the noteworthy species are Conocephalum conicum (L.) Lindb., Dumortiera hirsuta Rein Bl. et. Nees, Targionia hypophylla L., Pallavicinia /ye//;'(Hook.) Carruth, Lophocolea bidentata (L.) Dum, Metzgeria hamata Lind., Lunularia cruciata (L.) Dum and Reboulia hemisphaerica (L.) Raddi Opusc. which need to be conserved against the threat of ongoing mining activities in this region.

1 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

013731   Chavan N S;Madhale S V (Botany Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur-406 004) : Observations on seed germination of a wild cucurbit, Momordica cymbalaria Hook.F.. Geobios 2009, 36(2-3), 175-6.

Seed germination is checked by using very simple and convenient technique of a wild cucurbit, Momordica cymbalaria. Natural seed germination in field seems to be negligible.

6 ref

013730   Chaurasia S;Chaurasia A K (Botany Dep, Government Girls P.G. College, Rewa-486 001) : Effect of fertility levels and growth regulators on growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Crop Res 2008, 36(1-3), 71-5.

Field experiment was conducted during winter seasons of 2004-05 and 2005-06 to study the effect of fertility levels and growth regulators on growth and yield of chickpea. The most accepted chickpea variety for this region "Jawahar Gram (JG-322)" responded upto 50 kg P₂O₅and 20 kg S/ha+1 t FYM/ha, hence, recommendation to the chickpea growers may be made upto this fertility dose. The maximum grain productivity was 17.12 q/ha with the net return upto Rs. 23723/ha, grain protein 18.69% and protein yield 320.60 kg/ha with the application of 50 kg P₂O₅ plus 20 kg S with 1 t FYM/ha. Among the plant growth regulators, triacontanol (Vipul) performed the best with the highest grain productivity upto 16.88 q/ha, net return upto Rs. 24290, grain protein 18.70% and protein yield 316.02 kg/ha. The second best treatment was triacontanol (Magic). The treatment interactions were found to be significant only in case of grain yield. The combined application of 50 kg P₂O₅ plus 20 kg S/ha with FYM and growth regulators particularly triacontanol (Vipul) further raised all these parameters up to the maximum extent. Economy in fertilizer use may be done by using triacontanol formulations like Vipul and Magic growth regulators.

3 tables, 11 ref