010599   Singh A;Basu M (Botany Dep, Allahabad Univ, Allahabad-211 002) : Two new wood-decaying basidiomycetous fungi from India. J mycopathol Res 2009, 47(1), 83-5.

Survey of wood-decaying fungi on living trees and timbers has been carried out from Allahabad and adjoining areas during 2000-2004. Fifteen species of wood-decaying basidiomycetes belonging to two orders and five families of the sub-division Basidiomycotina are the main biodegrading agents of wood. Out of the fifteen collected basidiomycetous fungi, Polyporus giganteus and Polyporus tsugae are being reported here for the first time from India.

3 illus, 8 ref

010598   Shrivastava A K;Shrivastava D K;Saluja T (Botany Dep, Biotechnology and Microbiology, Government D.T. College, Utai, Durg, Chhattisgarh) : Biodiversity of cyanobacteria and its distributional pattern in different habitats of durg district in Chhattisgarh State. Natn J Life Sci 2009, 6(2), 229-35.

From Durg district of Chhattisgarh state, forty two species of cyanobacteria belonging to twenty genera of six families, were collected during survey of entire water logged habitat viz.; paddy field, pastureland, ponds and ditches, within two successive years. Out of total strain 13 species of 9 genera were heterocystous forms i.e. nitrogen fixing belong to four families and 29 species of 11 genera were non-heterocystous belonging to two families, which also expressed the morphological diversity from unicellular to multi-cellular, colonial to filamentous (branched and un-branched). The most abundant Cyanobacterium was Anabaena iyengarii, followed by Nostoc punctiforme and Calothrix javanica among heterocystous forms, whereas Phormidium bohneri followed by Aphanothece naegelli and Oscillatoria obscura among non-heterocystous forms. The pH of soil was slightly acidic and water holding capacity was found in poor range. Axenic culture was raised in laboratory condition on Chu-10 and BG-LI nutrient media. Present study of Cyanobacterial diversity and their distributional pattern is significant for agriculture point of view, which will help to improve the nitrogen economy of the soil in this region of Chhattisgarh.

1 illus, 4 tables, 27 ref

010597   Sharma R;Vijaya Kumar B S (Dep of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai University, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh, Email: robinsharma@sssu.edu.in) : Seasonal variation in the occurrence of leaf litter and phylloplane hyphomycetes of Azadirachta Indica Juss. (Neem) in the Vengalammacheruvu forest area of Puttaparthi mandal, Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Biozone 2009, 1(2), 144-9.

Extensive research work was carried out for a period of six months from February to July 2008 to study the seasonal variation in the occurrence of hyphomycetes from leaf litter and phylloplane of Azadirachta indica, Azadiracht Juss. (Neem). A total of 31 species ofhyphomycetes were isolated from Leaf litter representing 9 genera of hyphomycetes which were represented by Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Cuyvularia, Drechslera, Fusarium, Gibberella, Pithomyces and Trichoderma, and 27 species of hyphomycetes were isolated from phylloplane representing 9 genera of hyphomycetes which were represented by Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Cochliobolus, Cuyvularia, Drechslera, Fusarium, Gliocladium, and Penicillium. Fusarium sp. and Aspergillus sp. were found to be predominant in leaf Litter and phylloplane isolations respectively.

3 illus, 15 ref

010596   Sharma R;Sumbali G (Botany Dep, University of Jammu, Jammu-180 006, Email: geetasumbalippl@yahoo.co.in) : Bio-efficacy of Lactobacillus acidophilus against aonla fruit rot incitec by Penicillium funiculosum. Ann Pl Prot Sci 2009, 17(1), 266-8.

^ssc1 table, 2 ref

010595   Sharma R;Rajak R C;Pandey A K (Biological Sciences Dep, R.D. Univ, Jabalpur-482 001) : Ectomycorrhizal mushrooms of central India-II : Lactarius. J mycopathol Res 2009, 47(1), 43-7.

Description of eight ectomycorrhizal mushroom species of Central India, belonging to Lactarius and which were found to be ectomycorrhizal with sal (Shorea robusta.

1 illus, 18 ref

010594   Sarver J;Ara M;Araf M (Centre for Biodiversity Studies, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah Univ, Rajouri, Jammu & Kashmir) : Traditional phytotherapy amongst the tribal communities of district Rajouri (North-West Himalayas), J&K. Natn J Life Sci 2009, 6(2), 223-8.

Deals with 40 species of medicinal plants belonging to 25 families collected from field survey amongst three tribes viz. Paharis, Gujjars and Bakervvals of study area. An attempt has been made to record interesting folk-uses and medicinal plantlore used by the tribal communities of this hinterland of J&K. An analysis of data has indicated that Asteraceae is the most widely used family among the tribal, represented by 4 species followed by Labiateae, Berberidaceae and Rosaceae represented by 3 species each. Ranunculaceae and Apiaceae represented with 2 species each while rest of the 19 families were comprised of one species each. The study also revealed that the maximum plants were used against gastric problems followed by skin problems, dysentery, cold and cough etc.

15 ref

010593   Sahani R K;Saxena A R (Botany Dep, D.A.V.P.G. College, Azamgarh-276 001, Email: rk_sahani@rediffmail.com) : Fungitoxic properties of medicinal and aromatic plants against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. pisi.. Ann Pl Prot Sci 2009, 17(1), 146-8.

Antifungal activity of ethanolic extracts of medicinal plants were evaluated against Fusarium oxysporum f sp. pisi. by "modified disc technique". Various plant extracts resulted inhibition on the growth of mycelium, however, bark of Euphorbia neriflia exhibited absolute toxicity against the test fungus (98.0%).

1 table, 6 ref

010592   Sagar S D;Kulkarni S;Hegde Y R (Plant Pathology Dep, College of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences Univ, Dharwad-580 005) : Molecular variability in Pythium aphanidermatum causing rhizome rot of ginger. J mycopathol Res 2009, 47(1), 79-81.

Molecular variability among 12 isolates of Pythium aphanidermatum was studied by using PCR based RAPD method. RAPD analysis of using 40 random primers, resulted in total of 313 amplicon levels. Out of these, total of 245 polymorphic bands levels were observed. The cumulative analysis of similarity values placed 12 isolates in 2 clusters. In the present investigations the results obtained showed the possiblity of using RAPD technique to distinguish variability among the isolates of P. aphanidermatum. The information couid then be used to determine specific primers that would allow the identification of the fungus directly from plant material or in the soil.

2 illus, 4 ref

010591   Roopashree T S;Raman Dang;Shobha Rani R H; Narendra C (Pharmacogosy Dep, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Email: roopa_tsr@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of process variables for extracting Calendula officinalis by plackett burman design. Pharma Rev 2008, 6(33), 114-17.

Optimized process for extracting the dried Calendula officinafis flowers belonging to the family Compositae, being used extensively in many traditional formulations which are of great demand this herb world wide. Optimizing the methodology of extraction of this herb could minimize the duration of extraction, improve yield and have better control over the different parameters involved in the process, making the process highly effective and effective. Plackett-Burman design was employed for extracting Calendula officinalis. The studied independent variables are Type of apparatus (X₁), Powder size, (X₂), Duration ofextraction(X₃), Type of water for extraction (X₄), Method of removal of solvent and Method of drying the extract (X₆). Percentage yield was considered as dependent variable. The main effect and interacture terms were quantitatively evaluated using a mathematical model. The results indicate that factor X₁ and X₂ significantly affected percentage yield. But the use of different type of water was found to be insignificant. Regression analysis and numenica optimization were performed to identify the best extraction method. The predicted values agreed well with the experimental values and the results demonstrate the practicability of the model in the development of extraction process.

1 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

010590   Ram H K;Patil A K;Awasthi D (NO, Minor Forest Produce Processing and Research Centre(MFP PARC), Barkheda Pathani, BHEL, Bhopal-462 021) : Some commonly occurring weeds of Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh) with medicinal importance. Biosci Biotechnol Res Communs 2008, 1(1), 82-4.

Medicinally important weed plant species of Bhopal have been investigated in the study. About 30 angiospermic taxa belonging to 20 families have been collected. These weed species have been studied as potential medicinal plants. An exhaustive idea has been given about the medicinal uses of these species and also future prospects regarding the cultivation of these weeds. The collected specimens were identified with the help of flora of Madhya Pradesh (BSI). Medicinal properties of the species have been indicated by consulting standard literatures. Study concludes that due to human interference and other biotic pressure the weed population is highly affected.

9 ref

010589   Prajapati P L;Khare P K (Botany Dep, Govt Maharaja Autonomous P G College, Chhatarpur (M P)-471 001, Email: dr.pkkhare@gmail.com) : Plants used for dye by the people of Panna district (M.P.). Biozone 2009, 1(2), 188-90.

Deals with 11 species of plants which are used for yielding dye in Panna District of Madhya Pradesh. Most of the area is covered with thick forest and is a good source of many medicinal plants. The area is inhabited by large population of backward and tribal people who are using various plants also for health care and other purposes.

1 table, 7 ref

010588   Pawar A B;Saler R S (NO, G.M.D. Art B.W. Commerce and Science College, Sinnar, Dist Nashik) : Effect of nutrients on biomass production of Alternaria solani a leaf spot pathogen of neem (Azadirachta indica L). Bionano Front 2010, 3(1), 114-15.

Alternaria solani was a potential pathogen of Azadirachte indica L., was isolated from diseased Azadirachta Indica L. leaves from Nashik district and used. Pathogen was grown on the Czapek-Dox liquid medium substituting or adding different carbon, nitrogen to study biomass production. The growth as dry mycelial biomass was observed on the 8th day of incubation period. A grate extent of growth variation was observed on different carbon, nitrogen. Among the carbon source, lactose shows maximum biomass while glucose with minimum biomass. From nitrogen source nickel nitrate shows maximum and potassium nitrate with minimum biomass was recorded.

3 tables, 9 ref

010587   Patil M;Pillai S (P G Dep and Research Center of Botany, Shri Shivaji College, Parbhani-431 401, Email: rajpatil_pbn@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of pink and black mold on physical and nutritional properties of Sorghum grains. Biozone 2009, 1(2), 179-82.

Infection of mold causes effects on physical properties of Sorghum grains. The weight of 100 grains, volume, density of grains and hardness were maximum in apparently healthy grains and significant in these parameters reduction was recorded in infected grains. Significantly more water absorption and floaters were recorded in infected grains than apparently healthy grains. In general reduction in desirable physical as well as nutritional properties were high in pink moldy varieties (296 Band KR-l91) as compared to black moldy varieties (SPH-l272, CSH-l6 and CSH-l8).

2 tables, 11 ref

010586   Pangrikar P P;Gadgile D P;Chavan A M;Mukadam D S (Botany Dep, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada Univ, Aurangabad-431 004, Email: mango@yahoo.com) : Percent frequency of fungal population in rhizosphere of different varieties of BT and non-BT cotton at flowering stage. Bionano Front 2010, 3(1), 112-13.

Qualitative estimation and percent frequency of individual fungi in the of the cotton at flowering stage was studied in case of three Bt varieties viz Rashi-2, Maltika and Bollgard and their isolines from non - Bt category were used. Eighteen rhizospheric fungi were recovered from all the varieties including Bt and non-Bt cotton at the time of flowering of crop Altemaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergittus niger, Rhizoctonia solani, Nigrospora oryzae Peniciltium notatum and Phoma exigua were present in rhizosphere of all the Bt cotton varieties while Trichoderma harzianum and Fusarium roseum were found only with the variety Mallika of Bt cotton and absent in remaining two Bt cotton varieties. Similar type of variation in the incidence of fungi was seen with non-Bt cotton isolines.

1 table, 5 ref

010585   Pandey H;Ali A S;Sajid M;Ali S A (Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Saifia College of Science and Education, Bhopal-462 001) : Certain biochemical studies on the leaves of medicinal plant, Eclipta alba. Biosci Biotechnol Res Communs 2008, 1(1), 59-63.

Medicinal plant Eclipta alba is very significant in traditional medicines as it is used as anthelmintic, expectorant, antipyretic, antiasthmatic and has even antivenom and memory enhancing properties is also used as deobstruent in hepatic and spleen enlargement. A phytochemical screening of leaves of Eclipta alba was assessed to evaluate its medicinal properties. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses were performed which revealed that the leaves of the plant contain saponins, alkaloids, phenols and flavonoids. Among all the phytochemical constituents saponins, alkaloids and phenols were found in significant quantity which ranged between 7.8±0.30 to 1.39±0.12. A fine chemical analysis on methanolic leaf extracts through LC/MC which showed that they contained isoflavonoids; wedelolactone and demethylwedelolactone. These isoflavonoids can be used for hepatoprotection and also as antibacterial and anti hemorrhagic agents.

2 tables, 20 ref

010584   Nagaraja T G (Botany Dep, The New College, Kolhapur-416 012) : Some biochemical changes under pathogenesis. Ann Pl Physiol 2008, 22(1), 144-5.

^ssc1 table, 14 ref

010583   Nagaraja T G (Botany Dep, The New College, Kolhapur-416 012) : Mineral composition in the leaves of Andrographis paniculata wall ex Nees affected with cercospora andrographidis Thirum & Govindu. Ann Pl Physiol 2008, 22(1), 138-9.

The mineral composition in the leaves of Andrographis paniculata Wall ex Nees under pathogenesis were carried out. Infection stimulates uptake of move elements such as calcium, zinc, lead and lithium. On the contrary, elements such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, copper, nickel, manganese, cobalt and iron contents were decreased in the infected leaves.

1 tables, 13 ref

010582   Mishra N K;Bhagat S;Pan S (Plant Pathology Dep, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya Mohanpur, Nadia-741 252) : In vitro evaluation of toxic metabolites produced by some foliar pathogens of guava (Psidium guajava L.). J mycopathol Res 2009, 47(1), 37-41.

Relative toxin(s) production by the some foliar pathogens, like Pestalotia psidii Pat. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz, and Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat., of guava was studied In vitro in Czapek's dox (CDB). modified Fries 3 (MFB) and Richard's synthetic broth (RSB) media. The effect of toxin(s) produced by respective fungal pathogen and their crude toxin potency was evaluated against germinated rice seed (variety IR-36) and on excised guava twigs (variety L-49) at five levels of toxin dilutions at N, N/1, N/2, N/3 and N/ 4 after 96 and 15 hours respectively. In germinated rice seed strong inhibition in radicle and plumule length was recorded in toxin secreted by C. gloeosporioides, B. theobromae and least in P. psidii in RSB media. An intense wilting in excised guava twigs was also observed in toxin produced by C. gloeosporioides, B. theobromae and least in P. psidii in both RSB and MFB media. Almost no wilting was recorded by all pathogens in CDB media in supporting production of toxins in culture. C. gloeosporioides had higher ability for toxin production compared to B. theobromae and P. psidii.

4 tables, 17 ref

010581   Matok H;Leszczynski B;Chranowski G;Sempruch C (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Dep, Podlasie Univ, 12 B. Prusa Str., PL-08110, Siedlce, Poland, Email: leszczb@ap.siedlce.pl) : Effects of walnut phenolics on germination of dandelion seeds. Allelopathy J 2009, 24(1), 177-82.

Effects of walnut phenolics were determined on the seeds germination of dandelion. The walnut methanolic extract contained eight phenolic compounds: catechin, chlorogenic acid, p- and o-coumaric acids, ferulic acid, tannic acid, caffeic acid and syringic acid. The catechin was the major phenolic compound in all the organs of walnut. The application of walnut extracts in the soil, reduced the seeds germination of dandelion (Taraxacum offidnale Web). While comparing the effects of extract on other monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants, the germination of wheat and bluebottle seeds was slightly inhibited, but that of corn poppy and red deadnettle seeds was drastically inhibited than dandelion seeds. Moreover some identified phenolics present in walnut tissues, also reduced the germination of dandelion seeds and the catechin was most strongest inhibitor. Possible role of walnut phenolics as allelopathic agents against dandelion is discussed.

^ssc2 illus, 1 table, 25 ref

010580   Mathad P;Mety S S (Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Dep of Post-Graduate Studies and Resea, Gulbarga Univ, Gulbarga-585 106, Email: unipm@rediffmail.com) : Phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of Digera muricata (L.) Mmart. E J Chem 2010, 7(1), 275-80.

Successive Soxhlet extract of Digera muricata (L.) Mart. (Amaranthaceae) were extracted using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and distilled water in ascending order of the polarity. These extracts were subjected to screening of preliminary phytochemicals tests. Results indicate the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, terpene and saponins. These extracts further subjected to the antimicrobial activity. Among the bacteria used, the petroleum ether extract gave highest wne of inhibition at 400 μg/well against V. cholerae. Similarly, in fungi the ethanol extract exhibited highest zone of inhibition at 400 μg/well against Candida albicans.

4 tables, 10 ref

010579   Mall T P (Post Graduate Department of Botany, Kisan P.G. College, Bahraich-271 801, Email: drtpmall@rediffmail.com) : Antifungal ethnomedicinal underground plant parts. Ann Pl Prot Sci 2009, 17(1), 268-9.

^ssc1 table, 2 ref

010578   Ma R J;Wang N L;Zhu H;Guo S J;Chen D S (Biology Dep, Hanshan Normal Univ, Chaozhou 521041, China, Email: ruijunma2003@yahoo.com.cn) : Isolation and identification of allelochemicals from invasive plant Ipomoea cairica. Allelopathy J 2009, 24(1), 77-84.

Ipomoea cairica L. Sweet is an extensively invasive plant in southern China and its allelopathy has been confirmed. However, little is known about its allelochemicals, hence, we did this study to isolate and identify the allelochemicals using ultrasonic extraction and bioactivity guided column chromatography. Authour isolated 2 allelochemicals:3-3'-5-Trihydroxy-4'-7-dimethoxyflavone and 3-3'-5-Trihydroxy-4'-7-dimethoxyflavone-3- O-sulfate from the crude extracts of n-butanol. In bioassay, both these allelochemicals independently or jointly inhibited the seed germinations of all 4 test plants [Raphanus salivas, Cucumis sativus, Brassica pekinensis and Ligularia virgaurea (a weed)]. These allelochemicals exhibited selectivity, both strongly inhibited the germination of cucumber seeds but were moderately inhibitory to cabbage seeds. There was antagonism between these allelochemicals and they might be candidates for new natural product based herbicides.

2 illus, 1 table, 30 ref

010577   Khillare E M;Kankute S R;Bemberekar S K; Jadhav V A;Gawai D U (NO, Botany Research Lab. & Plant Disease Clinic N.E.S. Science College, Nanded, Maharashtra) : Allelopathic potential of some weeds against Parthenium hysterophorus L.. Bionano Front 2010, 3(1), 101-3.

Parthenium hysterophorus is an obnoxious weed which has spread throughout Nanded district of Maharashtra. It has become menace in many grass lands, and road sides in the Nanded district. The present study was undertaken to evaluate prospects of control of Parthenium hysterophorus Sida acute, Hyptis sualveolens, Alternanthera sessiles and Cassia tora as allelopathic plants. The field survey revealed that the frequency and density of P. hysterophrous was significantly lower in the presence of all theses ailelopathic plants used. The more significant result for control of P. hysterophrous was found in the presence of Alteranthera sessiles followed by, Hyptis suaveolens, Sida acuta and Malachm Cap/fata It is clearly observed that A. seesiles was found to be dominated and more inhibitory weed to P. hysterophorus.

5 tables, 8 ref

010576   Kharat G T;Nanir S P (Moreshawar Arts, Science & Commerce College, Bhokardan Dist., Jalna-431 114) : Myxomycetes of pachmarhi hills (India) - I. Bionano Front 2010, 3(1), 118-20.

In this paper 8 species of Myxomycetes is discussed. Genera like Ceratiomyxa Schroet, Dictydium Schrad, Dictydiaethalium Rost., Trichia Haller, Metatricha ing, Physerella Pack, and Physarina Hohen are being described with one species each of these Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa var. arbuscula is second report from India and rest of all species are described for the first time from Madhya Pradesh.

20 ref

010575   Kale V S;Shitole M C (Botany Dep, University of Pune, Pune, Maharashtra) : Organic matter content in Datura metel L under saline conditions. Ann Pl Physiol 2008, 22(1), 1-5.

Datura plants were raised by pot culture method and subjected to salt stress. The plant treatment includes ECe 2.5 to 20.0 mS/cm of both NaCI and Na₂S0₄. Organic metabolism was studied with the aim of understanding salt tolerance level of Datura metel L. Both the salts showed stimulating effect on total chlorophyll biosynthesis up to ECe 15.0 mS/cm and were inhibitory effect at higher concentrations. Ratio of chlorophyll-a to chlorophyll-b was also altered due to salinity. Titrable Acid Number (TAN) values were higher than the control at all the levels of the chloride and sulphate except at 20.0 mS/cm of Na₂S0₄4. Accumulation of osmolyte such as proline in all the plant parts was observed at all the concentrations of sulphate salinization. However under chloride salinization it was more than the control up to ECe 10.0 mS/cm and declined there after thereby indicating different mechanisms of salt tolerance under chloride and sulphate salinization. Under both the salinizations there was a linear decrease in protein content in all the plant parts at all the concentrations indicating its inhibitory effect on protein metabolism. Total sugars and starch of different plant parts indicated stimulation at low levels and inhibition of carbohydrate synthesis at high salt concentrations of both the salts. DNA synthesis was adversely affected by all the concentrations of both the salts. On the contrary RNA synthesis was stimulated at all the concentrations. Low salinity level of both the salts stimulated plant metabolism while higher concentrations resulted in an adverse effect on metabolism.

3 tables, 30 ref

010574   Jha K M;Sharma N D (Plant Pathology Dep, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur-482 004) : Factors affecting Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taub.) butler - IX : C/N ratio. J mycopathol Res 2009, 47(1), 23-9.

Growth and sclerotial morphology of seven Rhizoctonia bataticola isolates on 25 carbon-nitrogen combinations were studied. No difference in linear growth was observed after 72 hrs, but linear growth rate difference was noticed after 24 and 48 hrs in all the isolates. Higher carbon amount resulted more aerial growth, large and good scierotia formation as compared to lower carbon amount. Smaller and poor scierotia formation was observed at higher nitrogen (KNO₃) amount when amount of carbon was limited.

7 illus, 1 table, 4 ref

010573   Jana T K;Ghosh S N (Mycology and Plant Pathology Res Lab, Post Graduate Dept Botany, Presidency College, Kolkata-700 073) : New variety of Asteridiella winteri (Speg.) Hansf. (Meliolaceae) from Coochbehar district of West Bengal. J mycopathol Res 2009, 47(1), 91-2.

One new variety of Asteridiella winteri (Speg.) Hansf. namely A. winters (Speg.) Hansf. var. macrospora var. nov. collected from Cooch Behar district of West Bengal (India) causing leaf spot on Solanum verbascifolium Linn, is described and illustrated. The type specimen has been deposited in the Herbarium, CAB, International Mycologicai Institute (IMI 233927), UK.

1 illus, 14 ref

010572   Hinge V R;Jadeja G C;Shelat H N (Agric Botany Dep, B A College of Agric, , Anand Agricultural University) : Phenotypic characterization of chickpea root nodule bacteria isolated from different areas of middle Gujarat. Green Fmg 2009, 2(10), 655-660.

Phenotypic characteristics of eighteen chickpea Root nodule bacteria (RNB) isolates, collected from different areas of middle Gujarat were studied with other eight reference strains of Rhizobium and one strain of Agrobacterium. The RNB isolates were very diverse in nature with respect to their nodulation as well as nitrogen fixing efficiency, physiological and biochemical properties. All strains were analyzed for phenotypic tests namely pH tolerance, Salt tolerance (NaCI and CaCI₂), Antibiotics resistance profile and Carbohydrate utilization pattern. The dendrogram was generated, which clustered all the RNB isolates and standard strains into different groups. Combined analysis of phenotypic traits categorized all RNB isolates and standard strains into three major groups. The very first group clustered total six isolates namely AR-1, AR-2, AR-3, Dan-1, An-1, and An-2 into one cluster showing 70.6 % similarity Second group comprises maximum (thirteen) RNB isolates, four úother Rhizobium strains and one Mesorhizobium ciceri (MTCC 4188) strain showed 73 % similarity level. All the remaining standard strains clustered into third group showing 56.2 % similarity This investigation was concluded with finding of some interesting isolates which were able to grow at pH ranging from 4.0 to 9.0 and tolerate high salt concentration 3.5 to 5%.

2 illus, 28 ref

010571   Hatti A D;Chavan A M (Seed pathology and Fungal Biotechnology Laboratory, Botany Dep, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada Univ, Aurangabad-431 004, Email: hatti_amit@yahoo.co.in) : Detection of fungal population of Aspergillus sp. on oil seeds. Bionano Front 2010, 3(1), 134-6.

Biodiversity of Aspergillus species of soybean and groundnut on different agar media like Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and Rose Bengal Agar (RBA) were studied. Maximum fungal lode is detected on PDA as compared to RBA. Out of four varieties of soybean Js335 on PDA and S1B and S1P on RBA; Pasari variety of groundnut showed maximum association of Aspergillus sp. on the other hand Eagle variety of Soybean and Ghungru variety of groundnut detected minimum fungal load on both media.

4 tables, 5 ref

010570   Hashmi S;Singh V K (NO, Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, (CCRUM), Aligarh-202 001) : Comparative morphology of some cucurbitaceous seeds - used as drug in the unani system of medicine. Hippocratic J Unani med 2008, 3(2), 47-56.

The morphology characters of seeds of four cucurbitaceous plants viz., Citrullus vulgaris Schard., Cucumis melo Linn., Cucumis melo var. utilissimus Duthie & Fuller and Cucurbita moschata Duch. have been studied on a comparative basis as summarised in Table 2. The seeds although having entirely different botanical source, look alike in their general appearance, therapeutic actions and uses, could however be easily distinguished from each other on a close microscopic examination and adulteration if any may be checked. The study undertakaken at Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine between 2002-2007 is based chiefly on certain important parameters such as the macromorphology including the shape, size, colour and surface; the organoleptic features, the microscopic characters and the oil contents of seeds. The details are presented.

12 illus, 16 ref

010569   Gupta P K;Gharde Y (Plant Pathology Div, I.A.R.I., New Delhi-110 012) : First report of Sclerotium rolfsii on Solidago virgaurea. Ann Pl Prot Sci 2009, 17(1), 269-70.

^ssc2 illus, 2 ref

010568   Gupta M K;Gupta P;Singhal P K (NO, St. Aloysius' College, Botany and Microbiology Dep, Email: mkgsac@yahoo.com) : Drug resistance profile of vibroios isolated from fresh water systems. Biozone 2009, 1(2), 201-3.

Vibrio has long been considered as a potent human pathogen causing cholera and acute gastroenteritis. In the study four four freshwater systems in and around Jabalpur were screened for the presence of vibrios. Of the 15 bacteria isolated from these systems 13 'were bio-chemically identified as V. cholerae and 2 as Non-cholera vibrios and their drug resistance pattern was studied.

2 illus, 10 ref

010567   Guharoy S;Bhattacharyaa S (Botany Dep, Ramananda College, Bishnupur, Bankura-722 122, Email: sanjoy guharoy@gmail.com) : Phylogeny of Phytophthora isolates from West Bengal as inferred from rDNA ITS gene squences. J mycopathol Res 2009, 47(1), 1-13.

Phytophthora sp. affecting Betelvine. Brinjal, Guava, Roselle, Pepper, Sesame, Taro, Chilli, Pointed gourd and Papaya were isolated, accessioned, the rDNA ITS1 and ITS2 regions sequenced and deposited in GenBank. The isolate belonged to P. nicotianae, P. capsici, P. colocasiae, P. melonis, and P. palmivora. Comparison of intra specific phylogenetic distances with representative worldwide isolates and asessment of diversity of these Indian isolates were done by constructing a neighbour-joining (NJ) tree using all the GenBank ITS sequences for the respective species as well as sequence analysis of the rDNA ITS regions. Considerable intraspecific diversity was present among the polyphagous P. nicotianae in contrast to P. capsici. The respective species (P. nicotianae, P. capsici, P. colocasiae, P. melonis) NJ phylogenetic trees throws light for the first time on the deiversity of the Indian isolates vis a vis with those around the globe and which will help in formulating strategies for control and quarantine of these devastating phytopathogens.

2 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

010566   Girach R D;Alam M (NO, Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Bhadrak-756 100) : Ethnomedicinal studies on Mendhasingi [Pergularia daemia (Forsk.) Chiov.] - a less known medicinal plant in unani medicine. Hippocratic J Unani med 2008, 3(2), 31-7.

Unani physicians and scholars who settled in India added several new drugs of plant, animal and mineral origin to enrich Unani repository. Careful scrutiny of literature on medicinal plants reveal that some of the indigenous herbal drugs described in these classical texts have been abandoned largely due to unestablished authentic botanical identification. Authors came across one such drug plant referred as 'Mendhasingi or Utran' while screening of literature for documentation of Unani medicinal plants. 'Mendhasingi' was botanically confirmed as Pergularia daemia (Forsk.) Chiov, belonging to the family Asclepiadaceae. Folk medicinal uses recorded from different parts of Orissa since 1982 are enumerated in this communication and compared with its therapeutic uses recorded in classical Unani literature, with the view to include Mendhasingi in standard pharmacopoeia and enrich Unani repository with genuine and authentic botanical drugs.

15 ref

010565   Girach R D (NO, Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Bhadrak-756 100) : Medicinal plants of Euphorbiaceae from Orissa, India. Hippocratic J Unani med 2008, 3(2), 79-91.

Euphorbiaceae is considered as one of the most important families of flowering plants in the flora of Orissa. It occupies 6th place in the state with representation of 97 plant species excluding some ornamental species. Many plant species of this family are known for their medicinal utility both in origanised (Ayurveda, Unani) and unorganised (Folk systems of medicine) systems of medicine since time immemorial. A few medicinal plant species of this family such as Euphorbia antiquorum (Tidhara thuhar), Euphorbia hirta (Dudhi), Mallotus philippensis (Kamela), Phyllanthus emblica (amla), Ricinus communis (Bedanjir) are popularly used as therapeutic agents in different forms for the treatment of some ailments in Traditional Systems of Medicine. Besides these Cleistanthus collinus (Korda), Croton roxburghii (Putri), Euphorbia tirucalli (Dangli siju), Jatropha gossypifolia (Lal amarjada), Phyllanthus fraternus (Bhui-amla), Phyllanthus reticulatus (Jhojango), Tragia involucrata (Bichati) etc are widely used in local health traditions to treat various common diseases. The communication gives an account of Euphorbiaceous medicinal plants belonging to 22 genera and 42 species used for the treatment of some human and animal diseases by tribal and rural people of Orissa.

9 ref

010564   Ghosh R;Banerjee A;Biswas I;Bhattacharya S (Botany Dep, Scottish Church College, Kolkata-700 006) : Isolation of bacteria from rhizosphere soil of pulses with antagonistic activity against soil borne pathogenic fungi. J mycopathol Res 2009, 47(1), 61-5.

Rhizosphere microflora of three different pulses namely, black gram (Phaseolus mungo), green gram (Phaseolus aureus) and soybean (Glycine max) were studied by soil dillution and plating method. Results showed that the total number of microorganisms increased markedly with the age of soil. Bacteria showed a significant increase in number in rhizosphere soil in comparison to control soil. Bacterial isolates were predominant over fungi in rhizosphere of all the three pulses. Two strains of Bacillus species (B₃ and B₁₂) were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of P. aureus and were evaluated from their efficacy as biological control agents against a range of soil borne fungi. In vitro studies of antagonists were performed using dual culture technique. B₃ and B₁₂ isolates inhibited mycelial growth cf Fusarium sp. and Macrophomina sp. by 66% and 62% and 54% and 46% respectively. Whereas only B₃ isolate exhibited a clear zone of inhibition towards mycelial growth of Pythium aphanidermatum. Both the strains failed to inhibit Sclerotium rolfsii. Results showed the potential of these bacterial antagonists to act as successful biological control agents against soil borne pathogenic fungi in the field.

2 illus, 3 tables, 27 ref

010563   Ghosh G (Nodule Research Laboratory, Bidha Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741 252) : Growth and colony morphology of different fluorescent pseudomonads. J mycopathol Res 2009, 47(1), 55-9.

Extensive survey had been made for recording, occurence of sucn bacteria in five agroclirnatic zones of West Bengal, namely, hill, terai, laterite, new alluviai and saline alluvium. For naming the isolates collected from different sources first letter from the name of the season, second one for source crop and last one for respective zone had been used. Sometimes extra letters were used for the different growing situation of a specific crop under same zone and in same season. Out of the 39 isolates, 11 isolates (KMH, KKH. KSH, KEH, KCA, KCFH, KBH, KCH, KTA, KSA. KAA) were noted as early grower, only 4 isolates (KBA, KRGA, KRGI, KBA) required maximum time for colony appearance. The isolates like KMA, KRL, KRGA, KRGL, KRGT, KBGS, KCH, KTA and KSEL grew with pink membranous surface whereas BRSA, BRBA, BSA, KKA, KBGA, BBA, KCFH, BSOA and BSEA showed no membranous growth on surface.

2 tabes, 6 ref

010562   Gawai D U;Deshpande R P (Botany Research lab &Plant Disease Clinic, N E S Science College, Nanded, Email: ravi.deshpande3@gmail.com) : Effect of fungal infection on biochemical changes in some fruits. Biozone 2009, 1(2), 122-6.

Biochemical changes due to fungal infection in apple, guava, pomegranate and sweet orange were investigated. 14 fungal species were found associated with infected fruits. The most common and dominant fungi were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium moliniforme and Curvularia lunata. The total carbohydrates and protein content of infected fruits of apple, guava, pomegranate & sweet orange decreased while the reducing sugar and phenol content were increased significantly as compared to healthy fruits.

3 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

010561   Gaikwad R S;Gadgile D P;Kakde R B;Hatti A D; Pnagrikar P P;Chavan A M;Mukadam D S (Botany Dep, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada Univ, Aurangabad-431 04, Email: ram_mango@yahoo.com) : Bioefficacy of plant parts of Jatropha sp. against pathogenic fungi. Bionano Front 2010, 3(1), 104-6.

Deals with antifungal activity of Jatropha curcas L. Jatropha gossypifolia L., Jatropha glandulifera Roxb., Jatropha integerrima Jack., against five pathogenic fungi that is Alternaria alternata, Alternaria tenuis, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani. It was found that all four species of Jatropha showed antifungal activity.

3 tables, 7 ref

010560   Gadgile D P;Chavan A M (Seed Pathology and Fungal Biotechnology Laboratory, Botany Dep, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada Univ, Aurangabad-431 004) : Cellulase enzyme activity of post-harvest fungi isolated from mango fruits under the influence of antibiotics, vitamins and fungicides. Bionano Front 2010, 3(1), 110-11.

In research communication, effect of antibiotics, vitamins and fungicides on cellulase enzyme activity of post - harvest fungi of mango fruits were studied. It was found that fungicides and antibiotics significantly inhibit cellulase enzyme action of post-harvest fungi. However ail vitamins except vitamin C and pyrodoxin significantly induces cellulase action of all post- harvest fungi.

3 tables, 7 ref

010559   Dubey R;Pandey A K (Biological Sciences Dep, Rani Durgavati Univ, Jabalpur-482 001) : Hormisciomyces-a new generic record for India. J mycopathol Res 2009, 47(1), 67-9.

New anamorphic dematiaceous hypomycete genus characterized by superficial hyhae with cells generally longer than broader; conidiophore arise as upright branches with swollen apical cell and with 8 to 10 presumed phialides; spores are hyaline and subglobose. The taxon was identified as Hormisciomyces which is a new addition to fungi of india at generic level.

1 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

010558   De S;De A B;Roy A (Botany Dep, Moulana Azad College, Kolkata, West Bengal) : Taxonomy of Lenzites reichardtii Schulz. and Lenzites warnieri Dur. et Mont. apud Mont.. J mycopathol Res 2009, 47(1), 31-5.

Morphological and anatomical studies of Lenzites reichardtii Schulz. and Lenzites wamieri Dur. et Mont, apud Mont, show that these two species are quite different.

33 illus, 15 ref

010557   Dadsena R;Thakur T;Anil Kumar (Biotechnology and Zoology Dep, Govt. V.Y.T.P.G. Autonomous College, Durg, Chhattisgarh) : Antimicrobial effect of some medicinal plants. Natn J Life Sci 2009, 6(2), 247-50.

Medicinal property of several plants is a well known fact of the science but still there is a vast gap in the field of knowledge of medicinal property of our original herbs. In this study 10 plants were considered for the study of antimicrobial property against three known pathogenic bacteria viz. E.coli, Klebsiella pneumonae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The plants choosen for the study were Lantana camara, Chrysenthemum carinatium, Tinospora cordifolia, Moringa oleifera Syzgium aromaticum, Eucalyptus coccifera, Curcuma longa, Solanum xanthocarpum, Datura alba and Phyllanthus emblica. Aqueous extract of leaf and seed were prepared for the study by disc diffusion method. The study revealed that out of 10 plants, total 5 plants possesses antimicrobial effect. Leaf extract of Lantana camara and seed extract of Moringa oleifera showed antimicrobial effect against all the three bacteria whereas, Chrysenthemum carinatium was found suitable only agnmst Pseudomonas aeruginosa while Syzgium aromaticum was found effective against E. coli and Klebsiella pneumonae. Tinospora cordifolia was found suitable against two microbes E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

1 table, 21 ref

010556   Chhibber N;Sharma N;Singh S (Botany Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir) : Breeding system in chillies I. heterostyly and its impact. Natn J Life Sci 2009, 6(2), 209-14.

This communication is based on the results of studies on breeding systems of three commonly cultivated varieties of chillies in J&K state, India. The varieties named Kashmir Long-1, Pusa Sadabahar and Pusa Jawala match in general floral morphology and are heterostylous. These however differ significantly in percentage fruit set on open pollination, auto selfing, manual selfing and manual cross pollination, The differences were related to the percentage of long styled flowers on plants of different varieties. Variety KL-1 with highest frequency of long styled flowers shows the lowest percentage of fruit set on all pollination treatments. Two way ANOVA suggested that difference in percentage fruit set in these varieties is due to difference in varieties and not because of pollination treatments.

5 illus, 4 tables, 9 ref

010555   Chaurasia A K;Chaurasia S;Chaurasia S C;Yadav V K (Botany Dep, Govt P G College, Tikamgarh, Madhya Pradesh) : Antagonistic activity of some soil fungi against Phytophthoraparastica var. piperin causing foor-rot and leaf-rot diseases of pan (Piper betle, linn.). Biozone 2009, 1(2), 127--30.

Total of 33 soil fungal species were screened for their antagonistic activity against betel vine pathogen Phytophthora parasitica var. piperina by streak method on agar plate. Out of these five fungal species showed substantial antagonistic activity against the test pathogen. Penicillium striatisporum was found to be the most effective organism for the inhibition of fungal pathogen, followed by P. funiculosum II strain, P. maleagrinum, Penicillium sp. I and Aspergillus cervinus. The activity of Aspergillus candidus, A.. niger, I strain and II strain, A.fumigatus and Curvularia lunata could not be recorded due to their fast over growth, remaining other fungal species showed moderate inhibition.

14 ref

010554   Chate D B;Kamble R A (Botany Dep, Azad College, Ausa, Dist, Latur, Maharashtra) : Aeromycoflora inside the atmosphere of a poultry farm at Ausa. Bionano Front 2010, 3(1), 137-8.

Investigations deals with aeromycoflora inside the atmosphere of a poultry farm at Ausa. The work was carried out from 1" June 2006 to 31st May 2007. Using Tilak air sampler air spora analysis reveled 41 spore types of which 37 were of fungal spores and 4 were other types including hyphal fragments, algal filaments insects parts and unclassified group. Spore types were shared by Phycomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes. Meterological factors like temperature, percentage of humidity and rainfall showed considerable effect on fungal spore concentration.

2 illus, 11 ref

010553   Butt T;Iqbal M;Singh V K;Siddiqui M K (NO, Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine (CCRUM), Naseem Bagh Campus, Srinagar-190 006) : Frontline medicinal plants used in the folk medicines of Kashmir Himalayas. Hippocratic J Unani med 2008, 3(2), 115-26.

Based on a series of ethnopharmacological surveys conducted from 1992 to 2007 in different forest areas of J&K, particularly those inhabited by tribals & other ethnic groups, presents 15 important folk medicinal species widely used in Unani system of medicine. Information on their folk medicinal uses, bioactive constituents, reported medicinal use(s) are given.

1 table, 10 ref

010552   Bag T K;Dutta S (NO, National Research Centre for Orchids (ICAR), Pakyong-737 106) : First report of Sclerotinia stem rot of Indian sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum). J mycopathol Res 2009, 47(1), 87-9.

Destructive white rot disease has been reported on Indian sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) from Pakyong, Sikkim, India. Based on the morphological and cultural characters the causal fungus has been identified as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary and seems to be a new disease on this host.

3 illus, 8 ref

010551   Bag T K;Dutta S (NO, National Research Centre for Orchids (ICAR), Pakyong-737 106) : Rust on Satyrium nepalense Don Prodr.-a new orchid disease from India. J mycopathol Res 2009, 47(1), 71-3.

In this communication, new leaf rust was reported on a native terrestrial orchid. Satyrium nepalense from Sikkim. Urediospore and teleutospore have charcterized on the natural host population and the disease usually appeared in the month of July to August when the plants come out with profuse green leaves and there are heavy rainfall in the area. The disease appeared to be caused by Puccinia sp. This seems to be a new disease on this orchid host.

2 illus, 8 ref

010550   Aminuddin;Girach R D;Singh V K;Siddiqui M K (NO, Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Janakpuri, New Delhi-110 058) : Additions to ethnomedicines of santals from Hazaribagh district of Bihar, India. Hippocratic J Unani med 2008, 3(2), 93-9.

Based on an ethnomedicinal survey of Hazaribagh district (Bihar) undertaken in 1990, information on new medicinal uses of 35 plants species recorded from Santal tribes are presented with a view to document the time-tested vital information on phytotherapies of Santals. It is suggested that scientific validation of these medicines may be done to incorporate these in indigenous pharmacopoeia and use them in primary health care programme in India and other developing countries of the world.

14 ref