006598   Tripathi M;Rampure D;Shivhare D;Mishra D N (NO, Arogyadham, Deendayal Research Institute, Chitrakoot, District Satna, Madhya Pradesh, Email: trimanoj391@gmail.com) : Pharmacognostic Studies on the stem bark of Nimba (Azadirachta indica. Int J Pharm Life Sci 2014, 5(2), 3338-44.

Azadirachta indica A. Juss of family Meliaceae, is an important plant employed in various indigenous systems of medicine against several diseases and almost every part of the plant such as stem bark, leaf, flower, fruit and seed has diverse medicinal properties. The current communication provides a deinvestigation carried out on Azadirachta indica characters including powder characters, physicochemical studies, HPTLC fingerprinting, microbiological studies and preliminary phyto-chemical aspects. The results of the study could be useful for the identification and preparation of a monograph of the plant.

6 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref

006597   Suchitra Devi H;Pinokiyo A;Borthakur S K (Space Dep, North Eastern Space Applications Centre, Govt. of India, Umiam-793 103, Email: suchitrahaobam@gmail.com) : Analyses of the forest cover change in Rani and Garbhanga Reserve Forest, Assam, North East India using geospatial technique. Trends Biosci 2013, 6(2), 185-7.

Study was taken up for quick assessment of forest cover. During the study Landsat TM (1991), IRS-1D LISS-III sensor data (2000) and IRS P6 LISS-IV (MX) data of 2009 were interpreted and mapped to assess the change in the forest cover. The study revealed that prominent changes were observed in forest blank during 1991 and 2000 in Rani reserve forest. It has been observed that the most remarkable changes took place in forest blank which was 10.71% of the total area during 1991-2000. It was reduced to 5.65% during 1991-2009. There were not many changes in the forest area. However the open moist deciduous forest is gradually increasing during the study period. Similarly, in Garbhanga reserve forest prominent changes were observed in forest blank during 1991 and 2000 which was 10.4% of the total area but reduced to 5.91 during 1991-2009. Bamboo brakes were also increased during the study periods especially during the period 1991 and 2000. Scrub forest was increased only by 1.02% during 1991 and 2009. The study clearly showed that there has been noticeable increase in forest blank and reduction in medium moist deciduous forest in both the reserves. Built up area has also increased prominently in Rani reserve forest. A gradual increase in scrub forest was also seen in both the reserve forests.

2 illus, 2 tables, 4 ref

006596   Srinivasulu Y;Rathore M S;Shabnam A A;Kour R; Dhar A;Sahaf K A (NO, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Pampore-191 121, Email: srinivascsb@gmail.com) : Clonal seed production technology-alluring prospects for temperate mulberry genotypes. Curr Sci 2013, 104(6), 690-1.

1 illus, 6 ref

006595   Singh R K;Garg A (Botanical Survey of India, Central Regional Centre, , Allahabad-211 002, Email: rksbsiadsingh@yahoo.co.in) : Denuded type locality of endangered dwarf grass Isachne mysorensis Sundararagh. - its reoccurrence in western Karnataka. Curr Sci 2013, 104(8), 995-6.

1 illus, 5 ref

006594   Sharma N;Sharma M D;Dhiman M;Koshy E P (Tissue Engineering Dep, Jacob School of Biotechnology, SHIATS, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, Email: nishesh21@gmail.com) : Micropropagation strategies for conservation of endangered medicinal plant Withania somnifera (l.) dunal. J Cell Tissue Res 2014, 14(2), 4333-8.

Withania somnifera commonly called as Ashwagandha is an important medicinal plant which has become endangered due to over utilization. In respect of endangered status of W. sominfera in vitro culture studies have gained importance for conservation of the plant. Hence, present work avails a rapid and effective protocol for conservation and mass propagation of the species through tissue culture technique by utilizing nodal segments as explants onto MS medium containing NAA and Kn. 100% cultures showed multiple shoot regeneration, with a maximum of 7 shoots and average shoot number of 3.4 ± 0.33 per culture onto 10 μm Kn. 100% cultures exhibited callus induction with 92.1% cultures showing shoot bud initiation in MS media fortified with 4 μm NAA and 10 μm Kn. A maximum of 90.6 ± 0.20 % cultures were successfully rooted onto 1/2 MS medium fortified with 20 μm IBA. Regenerated plants were acclimatized and about 53.4 % plants survived during acclimatization and were transferred to field.

6 illus, 3 tables, 25 ref

006593   Sharma N;Gokhale Sinha P;Bhatnagar A K (Botany Dep, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007, Email: akbhatnagar49@gmail.com) : Effect of elevated [CO₂] on cell structure and function in seed plants. Climate Change envir Sustain 2014, 2(2), 69-104.

Unprecedented increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [CO₂] is regarded as one of the key factors responsible for global climate change. Evidence from palaeo-records indicates a close relationship between variation in atmospheric [CO₂] and corresponding structural adaptations in plants. Exposure to elevated [CO₂] alters plant structure by inducing changes in rate of cell division, cell expansion and cell cycling. Alterations in plant structure under elevated [CO₂] at organ level is possibly a result of metabolic changes induced at cellular level. Chloroplast, the light-harvesting organelle, has been shown to be most seriously affected by high [CO₂]. Prolonged exposure to elevated [CO₂] induces accumulation of starch grains within chloroplasts leading to distortion of thylakoids. Higher rate of photosynthesis in plants grown at high [CO₂] is accompanied by increased number of mitochondria to meet high cellular energy demand. These ultrastructural observations are corroborated by studies on nuclear genome that have revealed up as well as down-regulation of several genes involved in photosynthetic and respiratory pathways. In some species, exposure to elevated [CO₂] results in accumulation of tannin-like vacuolar deposition, suggesting activation of phenylpropanoid pathway. Ultrastructural alterations in peroxisomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and cytoskeleton due to CO₂ enrichment have received less attention. It is imperative to understand cellular changes occurring with elevated [CO₂]so as to correlate these with the physiological alterations at plant level. A thorough insight into ultrastructural changes in response to increased carbon dioxide will provide a better, generalized understanding of plant response to rising atmospheric [CO2] in future. Disruption of cell organelle structure and function may also indicate a wider impact of climate change across plant (and animal) groups.

^iia361 ref

006592   Salwee Y;Nehvi F A (NO, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Kashmir-191 121, Email: salwees@yahoo.com) : Creation of genetic variability in saffron (Crocus sativus L.) using induced mutation. J Cell Tissue Res 2014, 14(2), 4455-61.

Saffron, the world's famous low volume high value spice growing as a natural heterogeneous temporal subpopulation is a legendary crop of Jammu and Kashmir. Triploid nature of saffron (Crocus sativus L) with genome structure 2n=24 (x=8) is responsible for its sterility. Cytological behavior of saffron eliminates chances of improvement through conventional hybridization methods as commonly practiced in agricultural and horticultural crops for generation of variation with regard to yield and resistance to disease and pests. The chemical mutagen-Ethyl methane sulphonate, Ethidium bromide, colchicine and physical mutagens viz; gamma radiation at different doses have a pronounced effect on floral as well as morphological attributes, viz; number of flowers, fresh flower weight, fresh pistil weight, dry pistil weight, number of leaves, leaf length and leaf thickness. Thus an approach to develop new variants for yield gains using induced mutagens produced yield mutants with increased pistil weight.

3 illus, 6 tables, 17 ref

006591   Renjana P K;John E T (Cell and Molecular Biology Div, University of Calicut, Kerala-673 635, Email: pkrenjana@gmail.com) : Toxicological evaluation of root methanolic extract of Strobilanthes heyneanus nees using allium test. Int J pharm Sci Drug Res 2013, 5(3), 125-8.

Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of methanolic extract of the roots of Strobilanthes heyneanus Nees have been studied on the root meristem cells of Allium cepa. Roots of A. cepa were exposed to different concentrations (0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.5%) of the extract for 1/2 2 and 3 h. Mitotic index and chromosomal aberrations in the treated cells were analysed. Distilled water has been used as control. Mitotic index values were decreased with increasing concentrations and longer treatment durations compared to the control (p <60> 0.05) in dose and time dependent manner. Additionally, different abnormal mitotic figures were observed in all treatments. Among these abnormalities were nuclear and chromosome lesions, anaphase bridges, C-mitosis, pulverization, stathmo-anaphases, diagonal orientation, chromosome fragments etc. The total percentage of aberrations generally increased with increasing concentrations of the extract and longer durations of exposure. The observations of the present study are a clear indication of clastogenic and non-clastogenic property of the extract, which is evident from the direct actions on the chromosomes and manifestation of spindle abnormalities.

1 illus, 1 table, 35 ref

006590   Ratan N;Singh U N (Botany Dep, D.V. Postgraduate College, Orai-285 001) : Carrying capacity of three grassland ecosystems in Bundelkhand region (U.P.), India. Range Mgmt Agrofor 2013, 34(1), 58-61.

The carrying capacity (CC) of three grasslands differing in vegetation composition and biotic stress (fire and grazing) in Bundelkhand region (Uttar Pradesh, India) was assessed. Average carrying capacity, which express the ability of range unit to support adequately a constant number of grazing animals for a definite period without deteriorating its structure and function with respect to grazing value has been calculated on year-long basis. Dry sub-humid tropical grassland could carry 3.75 cow units ha^{-1 yr-1 as compared to 1.09 and 1.96 cow units ha--1 yr-1 at the temperate and alpine sites respectively. The higher carrying capacity at all sites was found with controlled grazing. Excessive grazing affected the CC adversely. Fire treatment also enhanced the CC of the grassland. Controlled grazing, firing and a reduction in livestock population are recommended to sustain the carrying capacity of the grasslands in Bundelkhand region.}

1 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

006589   Ratan N;Gupta R K;Singh U N (Botany Dep, D.V. Postgraduate College, Orai-285 001) : Effect of seasonal burning on biomass, net primary productivity and recovery in Iseilema grassland community of Bundelkhand region (U.P.), India. Range Mgmt Agrofor 2013, 34(1), 39-46.

Present study was undertaken to assess the recovery in terms of biomass following seasonal burning of protected Iseilema laxum grassland at Orai (Jalaun), India over a period of one year. The experimental site was divided into three equal plots. Plot I was burnt twice (January and May), plot II was burnt once (January) and plot III was kept unburnt and was used for comparison. Burning stimulated the growth of shoot and root components of the plant but disfavoured the growth of rhizomes. However, average total plant biomass of burnt plots (1284 gm^{-2 and 1446 gm2 in plot I and II respectively) could not return to the level of control plot (2196 gm-2 in plot III). Productivity of rhizome declined with the frequency of burning whereas it increased for shoot and root. The concomitant decline in the productivity of rhizome, the most critical component of perennial grassland commands caution. Long-term studies are necessary to establish the critical limit to which rhizome productivity and biomass can decrease yet the grassland can still be maintained for sustained increased level of production. Summer burning prior to rains showed promising result for higher production and thereby the greater recovery rate of biomass as compared to winter burning.}

2 illus, 3 tables, 18 ref

006588   Patil C R (NO, D.K.A.S.C. College, Ichalkaranji, Dist. Kolhapur-416 115) : Fungi diversity in Chandoli Wildlife Sanctuary dist, Sandli, part 1. Bioinfolet 2014, 11(3B), 944-52.

Total 266 fungal species were recorded on 125 flowering plants which included 175 species of Deuteromycetes, 28 Basidiomycetes and 63 Ascomycetes. Out of them 16 species of Deuteromycetes and 10 of Ascomycetes were found to be new to India. Total 31 species were reported as new to Maharashtra State.

1 table, 15 ref

006587   Patil C R (NO, D.K.A.S.C. College, Ichalkaranji (M.S.)-416 115) : Distribution survey of invasive weed : Eupatorium odoratum L. in Satara district. Bioinfolet 2014, 11(3B), 943.

006586   Pant M;Semwal P (Biotechnology Dep, Graphic Era Univ, 566/6, Bell Road, Clement Town, Dehradun-248 002, Email: himaniab@gmail.com) : Brahma kamal-the spiritually revered, scientifically ignored medicinal plant. Curr Sci 2013, 104(6), 685-6.

1 illus, 9 ref

006585   Noor A;Bansal V S;Vijayalakshmi M A (Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, VIT Univ, Vellore-632 014, Email: ayeshanoor17@yahoo.co.in) : Current update on anti-diabetic biomolecules from key traditional Indian medicinal plants. Curr Sci 2013, 104(6), 721-7.

Diabetes is a growing health concern worldwide and now emerging as an epidemic world over. The management of diabetes is still a major challenge. Thus there is great demand for research on natural products with anti-diabetic properties. Numerous studies have confirmed the benefits of medicinal plants with anti-hyperglycemic effects in the management of diabetes mellitus. In this review, we address the beneficial effects of selective medicinal plant species such as Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Aloe vera, Azadirachta indica, Gymnema sylvestre, Syzygium cumini and Pterocarpus marsupium, and emphasize on the role of active biomolecules which possess anti-diabetic activity.

^iia1 illus, 2 tables, 72 ref

006584   Nayaka S;Madhusudhana Reddy A;Ponmurugan P; Anjali Devi;Ayyappadasan G;Upreti D K (NO, Lichenology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226 001, Email: nayaka.sanjeeva@gmail.com) : Eastern Ghats' biodiversity reserves with unexplored lichen wealth. Curr Sci 2013, 104(7), 821-5.

4 illus, 2 tables, 31 ref

006583   Nagalakshmi M;Vishwanath S;Viswanath S (Tree improvement and Genetics Div, Institute of Wood science and Technology, Malleshwaram 18th cross, Bangalore-560 003, Email: sahana_ans@yahoo.com) : Adventitious shoot regeneration from hypocotyls of Wrightia arborea (Dennst.) Mabb.: An endangered toy wood species. J Cell Tissue Res 2014, 14(2), 4339-44.

Species Wrightia arborea (Dennst.) Mabb is a multipurpose tree with economically important timber and therapeutic significance. It is highly exploited in toy making industry for its ivory like wood. Due to its over exploitation, the species has become endangered. The present investigation reports on a protocol for conservation of W. arborea through direct organogenesis from hypocotyl. The ability of hypocotyl segments to produce shoot buds varied depending upon their position on the seedling. Hypocotyl segments obtained from closer to the root were highly responsive and produced a maximum of 12 shoots per explant in MS medium supplemented with BAP (0.5 mg/l), AdSO₄ (1mg/l). MS medium with BAP (0.5mg/l), IBA (1mg/l) and AdSO₄ (1mg/l) was proved to be the best for proliferation and elongation. Before rooting, thin elongated shoots were maintained for one passage in MS medium with BAP (0.5mg/l), IBA (1mg/l) and AdSO₄ (1mg/l) and charcoal (50mg/l) to obtain sturdy shoots. Sturdy individual shoots were transferred to quarter strength MS medium with charcoal (50mg/l) devoid of growth regulators for rooting. Thus regenerated plantlets were primary hardened successfully in sterilized vermiculite for a period of 45 days and then transferred to poly bags.

6 illus, 2 tables, 30 ref

006582   Mohammed S;Aliyu B;Umar M D (Biological Sciences Dep, Gombe State Univ, PMB 0127. Nigeria, Email: sumulsu@yahoo.com) : Preliminary studies of phenology of some selected tree species from Ngel-Nyaki forest reserve. Trends Biosci 2013, 6(2), 138-41.

Checklist of some selected tree species as data bank on plant phenology (i.e. leafing, flowering and fruiting) at Ngel-Nyaki forest reserve was carried out. Sixteen individual trees belonging to eight species of angiosperm were selected for the study through six months duration. Variation in flowering related to leaf flushing revealed three flowering types; Nov-Dec, Dec-Mar and Jan-Mar. A wide range of producton of new leaves were seen in some species and reproductive phase were correlated to see the relation. Available phenological information on the sixteen individual trees showed that Nov-Dec flowering species were most abundant among the three types recognize. Among species are; Anthocleista vogellii, Bridelia speciosa, Trema orientalis and Dombeya ledermannii. Period of production of new leaves, flowering and fruiting were positively correlated in seven species. Correlation of same in Anthonotha noldeae was insignificant (r=-0.0095).

13 ref

006581   Kolet M (Botany Dep, B.N. Bandodkar College of Science, Jnanadweepa, Chendani, Thane-400 601) : Mineralization of compost from flower market wastes. Bioinfolet 2014, 11(3B), 912-14.

Understanding the impact of the organic soil amendment on the process of mineralization is a vital aspect of agronomy. Laboratory incubation experiments were conducted, during which, mature compost obtained from flower market wastes, employing fungal inoculum to accelerate the process of degradation, was incorporated in tropical red soil and the pattern of its mineralization was studied. The soil pH showed slight decrease while organic carbon, nitrogen and other nutrients increased due to the addition of compost, in comparison to the control. The maximum efflux of carbon dioxide was recorded during first seven days after incorporation of compost. The compost demonstrated steady rate of decomposition.

2 tables, 14 ref

006580   Kaur D;Chugh V;Soni G (Biochemistry Dep, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Email: dasmeet.kaur@gmail.com) : Antioxidant potential in seeds of Coriandrum sativum: An in vitro study. J Cell Tissue Res 2014, 14(2), 4303-8.

In recent years, natural antioxidants in food and other biological materials have drawn considerable concern due to their presumed safety, nutritional and therapeutic value that offers protection against a range of non-communicable diseases and ageing. The present study focuses on evaluation of Coriandrum sativum (Coriander) varieties for their antioxygenic potential using different in vitro free radical scavenging models. The methanolic extracts of local and simco varieties of coriander were found to be appreciably effective in scavenging hydroxyl radical generated by Fenton reaction (EC₅₀=38 and 18μg/ml), super oxide radical generated by photoreduction of riboflavin (EC₅₀=553.50 and 668.67μg/ml), and nitric oxide radical generated in vitro from sodium nitroprusside (EC₅₀=180 and 227μg/ml) in a concentration dependent manner. In contrast, methanol: hexane extracts of both the varieties of coriander were found to be ineffective in quenching hydroxyl radical and revealed only moderate activity in quenching super oxide radical (EC₅₀=712 and 832μg/ml) and nitric oxide radical (EC₅₀=569 and 703μg/ml). However, hexane extracts exhibited no appreciable affects at either of the concentrations in all the three models. Instead, it showed pro-oxidant activity at higher concentrations. Above mentioned in vitro models proved Local variety to possess better antioxygenic potential. Likewise, the inhibition of in vitro linoleic acid peroxidation for longer period of incubation by methanolic extract (superior to ascorbic acid, a standard antioxidant) and lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenate (EC₅₀=383μg/ml) also indicated good antioxygenic potential of Local variety of coriander.

2 illus, 2 tables, 27 ref

006579   Jangid S;Shringi S K (P.G. Botany Dep, Govt College, Kota-324-001) : Observations on the effect of copper on growth performance, dry matter production and photosynthetic pigments of Ludwigia perennis L. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2013, 12(1), 171-4.

Effects of various concentrations of copper were studied on growth performance, dry matter production and photosynthetic pigments of Ludwigia perennis L. The growth of the plant showed significant negative correlation with increase in concentration of copper. Higher concentrations of copper caused maximum reduction of shoot and root dry weight over the control plants. The reduction in dry weight of root was higher than the shoot. The photosynthetic pigments also showed reduction with increasing concentration of coppe.

6 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref

006578   Husaini A M;Ashraf Bhat M;Kamili A N;Mir M A (Centre for Plant Biotechnology, Biotechnology Div, Sher-e-Kashmir Univ of Agricultural Sciences and Te, Shalimar-191 121, Email: amjadhusaini@skuastkashmir) : Kashmir saffron in crisis. Curr Sci 2013, 104(6), 686-7.

2 illus, 13 ref

006577   Deshmukh U B;Shendeand M B;Rathor O S (P.G. Dep of Botany, Jayanta Mahavidalaya, Chandrapur-442 401) : Occurance of Syzygium caryophyllifolia (Lamk.) DC. Myrtaceae in Chandrapur district of Maharashtra state (India). Bioinfolet 2014, 11(3B), 866-7.

The present work is an addition to be distributional record and occurrence of one important species of Myrtaceae i.e. Syzygium caryophyllifolia in the Chandrapur District of Maharashtra.

1 illus, 7 ref

006576   Deshmukh U B;Shende M B;Rathor O S (Botany P.G. Dep, Janta Mahavidyalaya, Chandrapur) : On the occurrence of Embelia basal (R & S) DC (Myrsinaceae)-a medicinal plant from Chandrapur district of Maharashtra state (India). Bioinfolet 2014, 11(3B), 864-5.

Present work reassures the occurrence of an important medicinal plant of myrsinaceae, Embelia basal (R & S) DC from Chandrapur district of Maharashtra and discuss some other important aspects about its floral variations and taxonomy.

1 illus, 6 ref

006575   DaisyM J;Raju A R;Subin M P (Post Graduate Botany Dep, Sree Narayana College, Nattika, Distt. Thrissur-680 566) : Qualitative phytochemical analysis and in vitro antibacterial activity of Acmella ciliata (H.B.K) cassini and Ichnocarpus frutescens (Linn.) R.Br. against two pathogenic bacteria. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2013, 12(1), 167-70.

Qualitative phytochemical analysis and in vitro antibacterial activity of the different component extracts of Acmella ciliata and lchnocarpus furtescens against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis were studied. Extracts were prepared in methanol and water. Antibacterial activity was compared with control and standard antibiotic ampicillin. Both the plant species exhibited antibacterial activity against the test pathogenic bacteria. However, methanolic leaf extracts of Acmella ciliata was found to have maximum number of bioactive components and highest zone of inhibition against both the test bacteria and therefore as per the present study, methanolic leaf extract of A. ciliata is indeed the potential antibacterial agent against B. subtilis and E. coli.

1 illus, 5 tables, 16 ref

006574   Chopade V B;Shaikh S D;Kamble S S (Mycology and Plant Pathology Research Laboratory, Botany Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur-416 004) : Mineral content of pomegranate fruit infected by Xanthomonas axonopoidis. Bioinfolet 2014, 11(3A), 785-6.

Calcium, magnesium and zinc contents decreased in the infected fruits while iron, copper, manganese, and nickel contents were increased.

1 table, 5 ref

006573   Chopade V B;Shaikh S D;Kamble S S (Mycology and Plant Pathology Research Laboratory, Botany Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur-416 004) : Biochemical changes in pomegranate fruits infected with Xanthomonas axonopodis. Bioinfolet 2014, 11(3A), 772-3.

Infection of pomegranate (Punica granatum Linn) fruits by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae decreased total soluble sugar, reducing sugar starch, DNA and RNA contents in the fruits. The decrease was more pronounced in fruits infected by resistant isolate. The polyphenols increased due to the infection of Xanthomonas axonopodis.

1 table, 3 ref

006572   Chillawar R G;Rathor O S (Botany Dep, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Nanded-431 602) : Nothopegia castaneifolia (Roth) ding hou, (Anacardiaceae) and addition to taxa of angiospermci flora of Marathwada, (Maharashtra state). Bioinfolet 2014, 11(3B), 962-4.

Nothopegia castaneifolia (Roth) Ding.-Hou (Anacardiaceae) is a tree, mostly occurring in semi evergreen forests of wastern ghats, is reported to occur in Mukhed Taluka of Nanded District for the first time. This is a New addition to the angiospermic taxa of Marathwada region of Maharashtra state.

6 ref

006571   Bisht V K;Kuniyal C P (NO, Herbal Research and Development Institute, Mandal, Gopeshwar, Chamoli-246 401, Email: vksbisht@gmail.com) : Climate change matters because the oaks cannot move upward. Curr Sci 2013, 104(6), 989-90.

^ssc1 illus, 7 ref

006570   Bhave R K;Madan N;Barve S S (V. G. Vaze College of Arts, Science and Commerce, , Mithagar Road, Mulund (E), Mumbai-81, Email: raginidange@gmail.com) : Genomic DNA isolation and analysis of genetic variation in Ancistrocladus heyneanus Wall. EX J. graham using ISSR markers. J Cell Tissue Res 2014, 14(2), 4435-41.

Ancistrocladus heyneanus Wall ex. J. Graham is an important medicinal plant, endemic to Western Ghats of India, belonging to the family Ancistrocladaceae. The family is unique with respect to the presence of Napthylisoquinoline alkaloids and the biological activity of its constituents, including anti-HIV. In the present research work, the protocol for DNA isolation from leaves has been standardized. The Genetic Diversity between four locations of Ancistrocladus was evaluated using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The average polymorphism detected by selected ISSR primers was 35.95. Genetic parameters consisting of number of effective alleles (Ne), nei genetic diversity (H) and polymorphic information content (PIC) were calculated based on the amplification data. The mean PIC value for selected ISSR markers was 0.4975. The dendrogram obtained from combined molecular data revealed that the population of Hiranyakeshi is distinct from other three, whereas, B1 group of Bhimashankar population is closely related to Matheran population. The ISSR markers proved to be potent tool for diversity analysis studies of Ancistrocladus.

3 illus, 4 tables, 24 ref

006569   Angadi A P;Bajantri A (K.R.C. College of Horticulture, Arabhavi, Horticultural Sciences Univ, Bagalkot) : Correlation analysis of bird of paradise progenies as influenced by winter season. Bioinfolet 2014, 11(3B), 918-22.

Correlation analysis was carried out among forty progenies of Bird of paraotse during 2011 and 2012. Significant variations were observed in vegetative, flowering and yield parameters, indicating wide variability among the progenies. Number of flowers per m^{2 during winter in both the years (2011 and 2012) showed positive significant correlations with plant height, stem girth, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves per plant, number of suckers perm, flower stalk length and flower stalk girth. Its negative correlation was, however, observed with number of leaves per plant. Hence, the Selection of these characters would be effective in improving yield.}

4 table, 19 ref

005496   Vasantha Naik T;Ravikumar Patil H S;Vijay Avin B R;Sayeswara H A;Goudar M A (Botany Dep, D.R.M. Science College, Davangere Univ, Davangere-577 066, Email: patil_varuni@rediffmail.com) : Isolation of tdc gene from Aloe vera and its characterization and cloning. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2013, 15(2), 263-72.

The Aloe vera plant has been known and used for centuries for its health, beauty, medicinal and skin care properties. The name Aloe vera derives from the Arabic word "Alloeh" meaning "shining bitter substance," while "vera" in Latin means "true." 2000 years ago, the Greek scientists regarded Aloe vera as the universal panacea. Aloe vera contains number of potentially active constituents such as vitamins, enzymes, minerals, sugars, lignin, saponins, salicylic acids, amino acids and those which are mainly responsible for the properties of Aloe vera the primary and secondary metabolites. Tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC, EC 4.1.1.28) is the key enzyme in the early step of the TIA biosynthetic pathway and links primary metabolism to secondary metabolism by converting tryptophan into tryptamine, which is subsequently condensed with secologanin, resulting in strictosidine, the precursor to pharmaceutically important alkaloids such as vinblastine and vincristine. In the present study, the tdc gene isolated from Aloe vera. And after sequencing an 1160bp sequence of gene was got in the Aloe vera which was observed to be identical with tdc gene of C. roseus by BLAST analysis. Which inferred that the sequenced gene to be the gene coding tryptophan decarboxylase in Aloe vera. Hence the enzyme and the gene coding play an important role in biosynthesis of important secondary metabolites.

4 illus, 5 tables, 22 ref

005495   Tiwari P (Botany Dep, Shri Shivaji Science College, Congress Nagar, Nagpur-440 012, Email: punitatiwari9@yahoo.com) : A comparative study of different parts of Psoralea corylifolia obtained in different solvent extracts against pathogenic bacteria. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2013, 15(2), 303-7.

Medicinal plants are the local heritage with global importance and world is endowed with a rich wealth of medicinal plants. Plants have a great potential to be effective against the growth of pathogenic bacteria. In the present investigation, a comparative study is performed using different parts (seeds, tender stem and leaf) of Psoralea corylifolia obtained in different solvent extracts (methanol, petroleum ether and aqueous) against pathogenic bacteria (Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhi, Kleibsella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The antibacterial activity of these extracts was done against bacteria by agar disc diffusion method. Among the three extracts of various plant parts, methanol extract of leaf showed maximum inhibition against Salmonella typhi followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The findings also suggest that methanol extracts of tender stem of Psoralea corylifolia also show great effectivity against bacterial infections.

3 tables, 17 ref

005494   Thomas R P;Thomas M;Paul J;Mahesh Mohan (School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Univ, Kottayam-686 560, Email: roji.cms@gmail.com) : Antifungal activity of Verbenaceae. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2013, 10(1), 355-60.

Traditional curatives based on herbal medicinal rationales are time tested and widely accepted across various cultural and socioeconomic strata all around the world. The emergence of drug resistant germs makes the circumstances more assailable for emerging pathogens, especially fungi. Thus an attempt to assess the spectrum of antifungal activity among selected Verbenaceae members (P. serratifolia, L. nodiflora, V. trifolia, V. negundo var. negundo, V. negundo var. pubescens, V. altissima, V. leucoxylon, V. pinnata, S. jamaicensis, C. inermis and C. serratum) was conducted against a panel of 8 fungi (Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, Penicillium sp., Verticillium sp., Curvularia sp., Mucor sp. and Fusarium sp.). All of the tested plants were inhibitory to many of the tested fungi and both of the extracts (petroleum ether and methanolic) showed appreciable antifungal effects, though the phytochemical composition was dissimilar.

3 tables, 33 ref

005493   Solanki A;Gupta D (NO, Tanveer Malawat College of Biosciences, Bikaner) : In vitro shoot multiplication in Physalis minima var. Indica L. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2013, 10(1), 371-4.

Apical shoot buds were taken from in vitro germinated seedlings of Physalis minima. var. indica L. These were placed aseptically on MS (Murashige and Skoog,1962),B5 (Gamborg,1968)basal medium and supplemented with auxins and cytokinins alone. Maximum healthy shoot buds(100 percent) were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mgl^{-1BAP (6- benzyl amino purine) but length of shoot buds was more on (1.0,2.0 mgl-1) Kinetin. Multiplied shoots were transferred for rooting on MS and B5 basal medium and supplemented with auxins (IAA or IBA). Rooting was achieved in 100 percent explants on MS medium supplemented with all the levels of IAA and IBA.Higher root length (11.5+0.50cm) was observed in shoots incubated on 0.5mgl-1 IAA.}

5 illus, 3 tables, 5 ref

005492   Shinde S R;Chavan R B;Pawar R M (Agricultural Botany Dep, College of Agriculture, Kolhapur (M.S.), Email: sshivaji87@yahoo.in) : Genetic divergence in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. Asian J Bio Sci 2013, 8(2), 225-8.

The genetic distance for 40 genotypes of soybean collected from different soybean growing areas of India and abroad was estimated using D^{2 statistics. The results showed adequate genetic diversity for all the traits with D2 values ranging from 27.14 to 361.76. The results revealed that 40 genotypes were grouped into 12 clusters with substantial divergence between them. Cluster I was very large comprising 20 genotypes followed by cluster II and IV with five genotypes and cluster VI with two genotypes, while clusters III, V and VII to XII were solitary clusters. The maximum inter-cluster distance was obtained between cluster IV and VI (D = 19.02) followed by those between cluster IV and XI (D = 16.29) which may serve as potential parents for hybridization. The genetic divergence had little to do with the geographic factor as noticed by the random distribution of genotypes into various clusters. Number of pods/plant, plant height and seed yield/plant were the major characters contributing to the genetic divergence.}

3 tables, 12 ref

005491   Shahi K;Yadav S R (Botany Dep, K.S. Saket P.G. College, Ayodhya, Faizabad (U.P.)) : Changes in cellular metabolism of Brassica nigra due to infection by certain seed brone fungi. Asian J Bio Sci 2013, 8(2), 197-9.

Present study has been carried out to observe changes in metabolism of Brassica nigra due to infection caused by certain seed brone fungi viz., Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria brassicae and Pythium aphanidermatum.

4 tables, 6 ref

005490   Shabeena Mustafa (Botany Dep, Kashmir Univ, Kashmir) : Morpho-anatomical features of cultivar red delicious affected by systemic pesticide. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2013, 10(1), 375-8.

The present study is carried out to asses the effect of systemic pesticide triadimefon (WP) on some morpho-anatomical characteristics of cultivar Red Delicious. The parameters studied were leaf area, moisture content, stomatal pore length, width, epidermal cell length, width, stomatal index, trichome length and trichome frequency. The treatment is applied at fruit development stage with different levels ranging (0.00%) to (0.09%). Marked variations were found at the treatment concentration of T3C4 (0.09%) compared to control, however no variation is observed at T3C1 (0.03%) in comparison to control.

1 table, 35 ref

005489   Rahnavard A;Asadian G;Pourshamsian K;Taghavi M (Medicinal Plants Dep, Islamic Azad Univ, Tonekabon Branch, Iran, Email: rahnavard_aptin@yahoo.com) : Assessing genetic variation of dog rose (Rosa canina L.) in caspian climate. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2013, 10(1), 119-25.

Dog rose is one of the important rose species in Iran that the distant past had been considered due to nutritional value and medicinal. Despite its long history of use, due to poor information on the genetic modification of plants has been done resources inheritance. In this study was to assess the genetic diversity. Total of 30 genotypes Dog rose from areas of northern Iran in the Caspian region (provinces of Guilan and Mazandaran) were evaluated using 25 RAPD primers. The number of bands produced total of 202 and for each primer were measured in a bands with an average 8-band. The number of polymorphic bands per primer ranged from 1 to 13 and the bands were in the range of 300 to 3000 bp. Based on the results OPA-04 primer with 13 bands and PRA-1, E-09 and A-04 with 5-band were created maximum and minimum number of amplified fragments. Molecular marker genotypes showed a high degree of polymorphism. Studied genotypes based on RAPD results were divided into 2 groups and 2 subgroups. Most similar in subgroups A2 and B group was the lowest.

4 illus, 2 tables, 31 ref

005488   Mukherjee P;Bhattacharjee A;Konar J (NO, , UGC Center for Advanced Study, Botany Dep, The Univ of Burdwan-713 104, Email: papumukherjee94@gmail.com) : Effect of leaf leachate of Azadirachta indica on growth and nitrogen fixing capacity of Azolla pinnata. Envir Ecol 2013, 31(3), 1387-89.

The growth promoting effect of Azadirachta indica leaf leachates was found. The leaf leachate of-mature leaves of A. indica showed maximum growth of Azolla pinnta followed by young and senescent leaves. The chlorophyll, total nitrogen, protein and phosphorus contents and the heterocyst frequency were highest with leaf leachate of mature leaves of A. indica where as lowest with leaf leachate of senescent leaves.

2 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

005487   Jayashree M K;Nagarajaih C;Chavhan G;Kittur B H;Gaval A R;Shivanna H (NO, Agricultural Sciences Univ, Bangalore-560 065, Email: nagzars@gmail.com) : Assessment of carbon sequestration of different tree species planted under shelterbelt of northern transitional zone of Karnataka. Envir Ecol 2013, 31(3), 1231-34.

The study was conducted at Ranebennur Talluk, Haveri district. Selected four year existing shelterbelts at Devaragudda and ARS Hanuraanamatti to assess amount of carbon sequestration in five different tree species. Among five different tree species in shelterbelt of Devaragudda, maximum volume accumulation of 0.017 m^{3 was noticed in Acacia auriculiformis, Dalbergia sissoo showed maximum biomass accumulation of 25.69 ton/ha with carbon sequestration of 12.84 ton/ha. Shelterbelt at ARS Hanumanamatti showed significant difference among different tree species. Among different tree species Acacia auriculiformis showed maximum volume accumulation, biomass accumulation and carbon sequestration of 0.022 m3,29.44 ton/ha and 14.72 ton/ ha respectively. The study concludes that among five different tree species, three species i.e. Acacia auriculiformis, Azadirachta indica and Dalbergia sissoo performed well at northern transitional zone of Karnataka. These species could be recommended for shelterbelt plantations in low rain fall areas, for their ability to fix atmospheric carbon.}

2 tables, 9 ref

005486   Hussain A;Remya R (Garden Management Division, JNTBGRI, Karimancodu, P.O., Pacha, Palode, Trivandrum Dist: Kerala-695 562) : Clonal propagation through stem cuttings and air layering in Tabernaemontana gamblei Subram. & Henry (Apocynaceae)-an endemic shrub of the southern western ghats. Ecol Envir Conserv 2013, 19(3), 735-8.

Tabernaemontana gamblei (Apocynaceae), an important endemic shrub of the southern Western Ghats is found very poor seedling bank in their natural habitats. This will lead to the untimely endangerment of the species in near future. The present study is, therefore, aimed to develop and standardise the macropropagation techniques through stem cuttings and air layering methods with the aid of rooting hormones. Ten year old mother plants have resulted a maximum stem rooting of 70% in the nursery conditions and air layering success of 60% in their natural habitats, by the application of NAA 1000 ppm in both the cases. The plants developed from stem cutting and layering were also survived with 80% success. Thus the standardized clonal propagation method in T. gamblei through stem cuttings and air layering reported for the first time can be taken as an ideal tool for the multiplication and subsequent resource base utilization of the species since the populations are prone to endangerment in its habitats.

2 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

005485   Garg A;Singh V (Botanical Survey of India, Central Regional Centre, 10, Chatham Lines, Allahabad-211 002, Email: kad_arti396@yahoo.com) : Mandu sacred grove in upper ganga ramsar site, Uttar Pradesh. Curr Sci 2013, 104(4), 409-10.

^ssc1 illus, 7 ref

005484   Das P R;Islam M T;Mostafa M N;Rahmatullah M (Pharmacy Dep, Development Alternative Univ, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1209, Bangladesh) : Ethnomedicinal plants of the Bauri tribal community of Moulvibazar district, Bangladesh. Ancient Sci Life 2013, 32(3), 144-9.

Aim of the present study was to conduct an ethnomedicinal survey among the little known Bauri tribe of Bangladesh, whose tribal medicinal practices are yet to be documented. The survey was carried out among the Bauri tribal community of Purbo Tila village in Moulvibazar District. The community is believed to be the only Bauri community in the country and had four tribal healers who continue their traditional medicinal practices. Interviews of the healers were carried out with the help of a semi-structured questionnaire and the guided field-walk method where the healers took the interviewers on guided field-walks through areas from where they collected their medicinal plants. Here they identified the plants and described their uses. The Bauri healers were observed to use 40 different plant species and one bird species for treatment of ailments such as fever, respiratory tract disorders, pain, gastrointestinal disorders, eye problems like cataract and conjunctivitis, jaundice, abscess, cardiovascular disorders, urinary problems, paralysis, dog bite, snake bite, helminthiasis, lesions on the tongue or lips and piles. Leaves were the major plant part used and constituted 38.3% of total uses followed by fruits at 14.9%. A review of the relevant scientific literature showed that a number of medicinal plants used by the Bauri healers possess pharmacological activities, which were in line with the traditional uses, thus validating their use by the Bauri tribe.

1 table, 33 ref

005483   Basha S K M;Rajyalakshmi E;Pullaiah T (NO, NBKR Medicinal Plant Research Centre, Vidyanagar-524 413, Email: drskmbasha!@gmail.com) : Ethno botanical study of penusia narasimha sacred grove eastern ghats, SPSR Nellore district Andhra Pradesh, India. J trop For 2013, 29(3), 68-79.

Sacred groves are climax forests and are the only representatives of natural or near-natural vegetation. These are dedicated to deities or ancestral spirits worshipped by local tribes along with surrounding plants and trees. These are ecosystems by themselves and perform all the ecological functions. Peninsula Narsimha Sacred grove is one of the important sacred groves of Nellore district. The present paper deals with the mediflora of the above grove used by local tribes. This paper deals with the 160 species of probable medicinal potential belonging to 138 genera and 71 families.

1 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

005482   Ali A;Kaul V (NO, Government Degree College, Kargil, Ladakh-194 103, Email: aaabassi@gmail.com) : Dual mode of anthesis in male plants of sea buckthorn. Curr Sci 2013, 104(4), 425-6.

1 illus, 11 ref

005481   Abubacker M N;Durgadevi J;Sathya C;Leema Rose K (Biotechnology Dep, National College, Tiruchirappalli-620 001, Email: abubacker_nct@yahoo.com) : Micropropagation of orchid Dendrobium barbatum Lindl. (Orchidaceae) from fleshy stem segments. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2013, 10(1), 411-14.

An efficient protocol for micropropagation of orchid Dendrobium barbatum Lindl. (Orchidaceae) using the fleshy stem segments was developed. Murashige Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L of Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) + 2.0 mg L of Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) for multiple shoot induction. The multiplied shoots were then transferred to half-strength MS medium supplemented with 1 mg L of Indole-3 acetic acid (IAA) or Indole-3 butyric acid (IBA) or NAA. Best response for shoot multiplication was achieved when the medium was supplemented with 1 mg L-1 NAA and 2mg L-1 BAP. While that for rooting with 1 mg l IBA. The plantlets were hardened off and survived plants were released to the shade house then to their epiphytic environment.

1 illus, 13 ref

004528   Yeragi S S;Yeragi P S;Prabhu V N (NO, K.J. Somaiya College of Science, Vidyavihar, Mumbai-400 077, Email: dryeragi@rediffmail.com) : Preliminary survey of bio-fouling mycoflora inhabitat on marine crafts of south konkan Maharashtra, India. J Nat Conserv 2013, 25(1-2), 45-9.

Fungi play an important role in bioremediation to decompose the solid waste reducing toxic element available in the nature. Mangrove ecosystem is the treasure house of mycoflora which degrade the organic residue dumped randomally producing valuable nutrients to the aquatic organisms. The wood also get detoarioted of quickly by the attack of fungi. Last many decades the poor coastal people suffered from an infestation of bio-fouling fungi to the wooden crafts as well as gears. After exposure of different types of wood for the period of one year, it was found that Mangifera spp, Erythrena as well as Artocarpus spp wood showed more attack of biofouling than Tectona spp and Calophyllum spp. The canoes are made-up of main trunk of Mangifera while the out rigger is of Erythrenna so both are susceptible for the fungi. Every week the outrigger should be rubbed to remove an infested fungi else it became heavy thereby reducing the speed of canoes. The canoes are also monthly interval rubbed with help of coconut husk and washed or submerged the canoe in fresh water to kill the bio-fouling organisms. The present investigation was carried out in marine environment of Mithbav creek of Sindhudurg district to show which type of wood could be used for the fishing activities.

3 tables, 4 ref

004527   Yeragi S S;Yeragi P S;Prabhu V N (NO, K. J. Somaiya College of Science, Vidyavihar, Mumbai-400 077, Email: dryeragi@gmail.com) : Ethnobotanical survey of Mithva, talika devgad of Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra state. J Nat Conserv 2013, 25(1-2), 13-19.

Mithbav is a big village in Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra. It is situated on west coast and surrounded by Mithbav creek. This village has heavy vegetation nearly 55 medicinal plants of about 25 families. The village is in the shade of Western Ghats. The coastal people use the plants for satisfying all their needs of life without disturbing the forest as well as sacred groove flora. They have good knowledge of traditional medicines. The present work is carried out during the year 2012-2013. The conventional ethno medicinal plants were used for curing various health disorders like diarrhea, dysentery, poison bites, wounds, piles, rheumatism, Jaundice etc.

1 table, 5 ref

004526   Wami W M;Dar K A;Bhat R;Wani N (Division of Fruit Science, S.K. Univ of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K-191 121, Email: nawsheeba@gmail.com) : Influence of orachard management strategies on growth, yield, quality and leaf mineral concentrations in cherry cv. 'bigarreau noir gross (Misri)'. Appl biol Res 2013, 15(1), 21-6.

The effect of various orchard floor management treatments of young cherry trees (Prunus avium L) cv. Bigarreau Noir Gross (Misri) on growth, yield, quality and leaf mineral element concentrations were investigated during the year 2008 and 2009 at Ambri Research Station, Pahnoo, Shopian SKUAST-K Shalimar. The treatments included growing of kharif- and rabi-sown intercrops viz., maize, pea, strawberry, cabbage, red clover, french bean and oats along with a control (clean cultivation). The results revealed that young cherry trees intercropped with leguminous crops (pea, red clover or french bean) performed better with respect to growth, yield, quality and leaf mineral element concentration than control or intercropping with heavy feeder crops (strawberry, cabbage, oats or maize). Higher produce and heavier fruit was obtained from the cherry trees intercropped with pea followed by red clover and french bean. The firmness, colour and ascorbic acid content were high in fruits from cherry trees intercropped with red clover or French bean.

4 tables, 19 ref

004525   Verma D M (NO, , 85, Daffodil, L & T Serene County, Telecom Nagar, Gachhibowlie, Hyderabad-22) : Genera of Cyperaceae in India (concept, classification and identification). J Econ Taxon Bot 2013, 37(2), 283-90.

After due discussions and analysis, 34 genera, viz Cyperus, Kyllinga, Pycreus, Courtoisina, Remirea, Lipocarpha, Rikliella, Ascopholis, Fimbrisfylis, Bulbostylis, Eleocharis, Fuirena, Erioscirpus, Scirpus, Bolboschoenus, Actinoscirpus, Schoenoplectus, Isolepis, Hemicarpha, Kyllingiella, Blysmus, Baeothryon, Trichophorum, Rhynchospora, Cladium, Machaerina, Hypolytrum, Mapania, Scirpodendron, Lepironia, Scleria, Diplacrum, Kobresia and Carex are recognised as distinct and found in India. Juncellus, Mariscus, Queenslandiella, Microschoenus, Courtoisia, Indocourtoisia, Eriophorum, Stenophyllus and Echinolytrum are not recognised. A dichotomous key to identification has been provided. The occurrence of Machaerina, Trichophorum, Lepironia, Scirpodendron and Cladium in present day India needs confirmation.