012784   Chakraborty R;Kar S (Zoological survey of India, , 27, J.L. nehru Road, Kolkata-700 016) : Avifauna in some water systems of Purulia district, West Bengal, India. Cheetal 2006, 43(3-4), 35-40.

7 ref

012783   Bhattacharya A;Jaiswal A K;Kumar S;Kumar K K (Transfer of Technology Div, Indian Lac Research Institute, Namkum, Ranchi, Jharkhand-834 010) : Management of lepidopteran insect predators of lac insect through habitat manipulation. Entomon 2006, 31(1), 53-6.

Planting of Cassia occidentalis L. (Family: Leguminosae), a medicinal plant, on the periphery of a plot having Flemingia macrophylla bushes harbouring lac insects resulted in significant reduction in the population of the two lepidopteran lac insect predators Eublemma amabilis Moore (Noctuidae) and Pseudohypatopa pul-verea Meyr (Blastobasidae) and resulted in significant increase in brood lac yield. The suppression of lac predators may be attributed to higher incidence of Trichogramma chilonis Ishi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), an egg parasitoid of lepidopteran insects. T. chilonis parasitizes the eggs of white butterfly Catopsilia pyranthe Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) laid on the leaves of C. occidentalis also which favours the build-up of the parasitoid population.

^ssc1 tabels, 5 ref

012782   Bhaskar L V K S (Zoology Dep, Sri Venkateswara Univ, Tirupati-517 502) : Effects of biogenic amines on the regulation of ovarian development in the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De man, 1879). Bull pure appl Sci-Sect A 2006, 25(2), 135-43.

Influence of two biogenic amines - 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) and dopamine (DA) - on ovarian development of Macrobrachium rosenbergii was investigated. Effects of both 5-HT and DA injected @ 1xl0^-5 mol/ prawn on days 1,7, 14 and 21 were studied in M. rosenbergii against concurrent controls which received crustacean saline in place of either of the neurotransmitters. While 5-HT administration caused a significant increase (P <60>0.001) in ovarian index (135%), oocyte diameter (76%) and ovarian total lipid content (58%), DA administration resulted in a significant decrease (P <60>0.001) in ovarian index (24%) and oocyte diameter (38%) and ovarian total lipid content (25%) besides resorption of oocytes. The antagonistic effects of 5-HT and DA on the regulation of ovarian development in M.rosenbergii have been discussed in the light of their importance as neuromodulators of crustacean eyestalk hormones.

4 illus, 43 ref

012781   Basak P K (P.G. Dep. of Zoology, Bidhannagar College, Kolkata-700 064) : New records of histerid beetles (Histeridae: coleoptera: insecta) infesting stored products. Geobios 2006, 33(4), 316-18.

1 table

012780   Anil Kumar;Nagarjuna A;DHM S;Rao K J (Dep of Zoology, S.V. Univ, Triupati-517 502) : Effect of aidrin, an organochlorine compound on albino rat with special reference to ATPase activity level. J Nat Conserv 2006, 18(1), 61-9.

Exposure to sublethal doses of aldrin resulted in decreasing trend in the specific activities of Mg²⁺ ATPase and Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase in brain, kidney, liver and intestine. The decrement was enhanced with the increase of aldrin dose administration. APTases play an important role in the maintenance of cell membrane permeability and energy transformation in the biological system. Decrease in ATPase activities could indicate variation in ion transport across the cell membrane suggesting a possible interference in energy metabolism to show that organochlorine diminished ATPase activity by forming an inhibitory complex. The decreased levels of ATPases in the present investigation may be due to structural damage of mitochondria in the experimental animals.

2 tables, 41 ref

012779   Ajagbe B;Egonmwan R L (Zoology Dep, Univ of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria, Email: egone@infoweb.com.ng) : Effects of sawdust deposition in Okobaba sawmillis (Lagos, Nigeria) on the survival of the guinea razor clam, Solen guineensis. Int J Ecol envir Sci 2006, 32(3), 295-8.

Guinea razor clam, Solen guineensis (Gray, 1842) was exposed to six levels (400 to 600 mL L^-1) of aqueous extracts of decayed sawdust collected from a site close to Okobaba sawmills along the Lagos lagoon and fresh one prepared in the laboratory, to examine the effects of sawdust on its survival. Semi-static bioassay tests were conducted over a 24h to 96h period under controlled laboratory conditions and the exposure media were replaced every 24 hours. The survival rate in response to exposure to both decayed and fresh sawdust extract decreased drastically as concentration and time of exposure increased, with a decrease occurring even at 400 mL L^-1. The survival rate was lower in the decayed sawdust extract than with the fresh sawdust extract, but not significant.

1 illus, 22 ref

012778   Achyutta Devi J;Piska R S (Dep of Zoology, College of Science, Osmania Univ, Hyderabad-500 007) : Fluoride induced alterations on glulamate dehydrogenase (GDH) acivity of a fresh water cat fish Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus). J Nat Conserv 2006, 18(1), 161-4.

Deals-with fluoride-induced alterations on Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity of a fresh water Cat fish Glorias batrachus. The fishes, ranged from 20-25cm total lengths, were exposed to sodium fluoride at the concentration of 1, 10, 20 and 30ppm for short and long terms, 1, 30 and 60 days. The different tissues like liver, kidney, gill, muscle and brain were used to study glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity. The GDH was estimated in both control and experiment fishes. GDH activity was increased in all tissues during all experimental spans. The enzyme activity was maximum on 60* day. The highest elevation of enzyme activity was found in kidney, followed by gill, brain, liver and muscle. The results indicate that the fluoride pollution is responsible for increasing GDH enzyme activity in the tissues.

1 table, 10 ref

012777   Abdulrazak I P;Abdurahiman U C (Zoology Dep, Unity Women's College, Manjeri-676 122) : Sex ratio strategy in pollinating fig wasps (Hymenoptera : agaonidae). Geobios 2006, 33(4), 307-09.

The fig wasps (Agaonidae) are suitably adapted to live and breed in the highly specialized habitat of the Ficus syconia. The stable regulation of their sex ratios is a highly efficient reproductive strategy in mating process. Observations on population of five pollinator wasps, namely, Eupristina belgaumensis, E. masoni, Ceratosolen fusciceps, C. solmsi marchali and Platyscapa quadraticeps have shown female-biased sex ratios which play a decisive role in maintaining fig-wasp mutualism.

1 table, 5 ref

010617   Verma J S;Sharma K C (Department of Entomology and Apiculture, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni, Solan-173 230) : Biology and predatory potential of Metasyrphus confrater (Wiedemann) on aphid, Macrosiphum rosae L. infesting Rosa spp. J ent Res 2006, 30(1), 31-2.

Duration of different development stages of M. confrater on Macrosiphum rosae infesting Rosa spp. was studied under laboratory conditions. The duration of egg stage of M. confrater was 3.28 days and of first, second and third larval instar was 2.86, 2.00 and 3.00 days, respectively, during which the larva consumed an average number of 46.86, 98.43 and 160.71 individuals of aphids. The total larval period averaged 7.86 days during which it consumed 306 individuals of M. rosae. The pupal stage lasted for 8.00 days. After feeding on M. rosae, the longevity of males was 15 days while females lived for 19 days. Total mean time of development was 19.14 days.

1 table, 5 ref

010616   Sudhir Singh;Barman H K;Deka B;Rajak B (Systematics Lab, Forest Entomology Div, Forest Research Institute, P.O. New Forest, Dehra Dun-248 006) : Bio-ecology of Brachymeria excarinata gahan (Hymenoptera : Chalcididae), a pupal parasitoid of Craspedonta leayana (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae), a major defoliator of Gmelina arborea in north-east India. Ann For 2006, 14(2), 306-16.

Brachymeria excarinata Gahan (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) is found to be a promising biocontrol agent of Craspedonta leayana (Latr.) (= Calopepla leayana Latr.) (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae), a major pest of Gmelina arborea plantations in northeastern India. In field it successfully parasitised 44.55% pupae of Craspedonta leayana but altogether killed 86.4% of them (41% died of its stinging). In the laboratory experiments 38.82% pupae were successfully parasitised and 91.18% were killed. Biology of the parasitoid was studied and developmental time from egg laying to adult emergence was found to be 11 days 17 hours±17.24 hours. Ovipositional behaviour including courtship and mating, host searching and preference, drilling and oviposition, have been discussed in details. Longevity was found to be 125.11±26.49 days in females and 127±34.59 days in males.

2 illus, 4 tables, 14 ref

010615   Senthilkumar N (Forest Protection Division, Rain Forest Research Institute, Jorhat-785 001) : Rearing technology of Conocephalus maculatus (Le Guillou) under laboratory conditions (Orthoptera: tettigoniidae). J ent Res 2006, 30(1), 79-81.

Conocephalus maculatus (Le Guillou) passed through 6-7 instar life cycle with post embryonic development ranging from 45-55 days on flowering parts of baby corn. The adults matured within 12-28 days while the adult life span ranged between 50-120 days. The total life span was 95-175 days. Its survivability increased with decrease in density viz., i.e. with 100 insects/cage survivability was 24.3% whereas with 25 insects/cage the survivability was 56%.

2 tables, 4 ref

010614   Qiu B L;Ren S X;Mandour N S;Wen S Y (Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou-510 642, P.R. China, Email: baileyqui@yahoo.com.cn) : Population differentiation of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) by DNA polymorphism in China. J ent Res 2006, 30(1), 1-6.

Differentiation of Bemisia tabaci populations in China was analyzed using RAPD-PCR. Five Bemisia tabaci populations were collected from the north, middle and south of China, including three Bemisia biotype populations, the indigenous biotype populations (NaC) and a new biotype population from ornamental plants ("Cv" biotype). In addition, the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporarionum, was used as a outgroup population in this analysis. Results of cluster analysis using genetic distances indicated that the population relationship between the NaC biotype and the Cv biotype was very close to each other than that between B biotype and NaC biotype, and that between B biotype and the Cv biotype. Further, the population relationship of the three biotypes of B. tabaci in China is intraspecific, and the "Cv" biotype is potentially originated in China or in the neighboring countries.

3 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

010613   Mohapatra A K (Zoology Dep, Regional Institute of Education (NCERT), Ajmer-305 004) : Thiotepa induced histopathological changes in the meroistic ovary of castor silk moth, Philosamia ricini (L). Asian J expl Sci 2007, 21(1), 79-86.

Sub-lethal doses (20 μg and 40 μg) of thiotepa were administered by injecting in to haemocoel with the help of a micro liter syringe to freshly moulted fifth instar larvae. The effect of thiotepa on ovarian development and ovipositional attributes of Philosamia ricini was studied using standard morphological and histological techniques. Administration of thiotepa induced pathological damage of ovary. These damages comprised reduction in size of ovariole, disintegration of germarium and partial to complete elimination of Iprefollicular tissues. One of the most striking effects of thiotepa was condensation of chromatin, disruption of nuclear envelope, marked reduction in rate of vitellogenesis as evidenced by extensive vacuolization of oocyte cytoplasm. It also resulted in decreased egg production, reduced egg hatching, abnormal egg size and shape, an increased percentage of unhatched embryonated and sterile eggs.

010612   Jaimala;Arya S (Zoology Dep, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302 004) : Effect of Centella asiatica on intestinal goblet cells after irradiation to gamma rays in mice. J med aromatic Pl Sci 2006, 28(1), 52-7.

Experiments were undertaken to study the goblet cell changes in the jejunum of mice irradiated in the presence and absence of a plant extract Centella asiatica. In the present study the sensitivity of intestine to radiation was investigated-in the adult swiss albino-mice after whole body exposure to 6 and 8 Gy of gamma radiation from C0⁶⁰ teletherapy source with and without Centella asiatica pretreatment. Six animals from each group were sacrificed at different successive intervals. 5 m paraffin sections of the jejunum were prepared and goblet cells were counted in the crypt and villus region. The results from the two groups were compared. The results from Centella asiatica treated mice indicated that there was a protection from the radiation induced changes. The plant extract of Centella asiatica accelerated the regeneration process leading to the restoration of normal number of goblet cells by the last interval studied.

3 illus, 4 tables, 21 ref

010611   Gupta Y C;Kauntey R P S (Zoology Dep, B.S.A. College, Mathura, U.P.) : Biology of shoot and fruit-borer, Leucinodes orgonalis Guen., of brinjal, Solmanum melongena Linn. at Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India. Asian J expl Sci 2007, 21(1), 155-60.

The pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods of Leucinodes orbonalis were found 8.60 hours, 2.46 and 2.22 days, respectively. The larvae passed through five instars. The incubation, larval and pupal periods were 8.60, 12.80 and 9.68 days, respectively. The pupation took place on the glass jars, soil, muslin cloth, sometimes inside the fruits and on the leaves of the plants. The longevity of male moth was 1.84 days while female lived for 3.14 days. The mean time taken from egg to adult stage was 28.82 days.

010610   Gupta Y C;Kauntey R (Zoology Dep, B.S.A. College, Mathura, U.P.) : Description of new species of Sastrapada Amy. and Serv., 1843 from India (Hemiptera : Heteroptera, Reduviidae, Stenopodinae). Asian J expl Sci 2007, 21(1), 167-70.

The genus Sastrapada Amy. and Serv. is hitherto described by a single species, S. elongata by Livingstone and Ravichdran, 1987 from India. A new species of the genus, S. ambrosi sp.nov. is described from Madhya Pradesh, India.

010609   Gupta Y C;Deen Dayal (Zoology Dep, B.S.A. College, Mathura-281 004) : Description of a new species of Melanotelus Reuter., 1885 from India (Hemiptera : Lygaeidae). Asian J expl Sci 2007, 21(1), 161-5.

The genus Melanotelus Reuter., 1885 is represented in India by two species viz., M bipunctata (Dallas) 1852 originally described from Indonesia but subsequently reported from India, Pakistan, China, Burma, Ceylon, -Philippines and Australia: and M sordid us Distant. 1918 from Nandidrug, South India. A new species of the genus, M indica sp.nov. is described from Uttar Pradesh, India. This species is apparently closely related to M.bipunctata (Dallas) but show consistant differences in the structure and shape of claspers particularly in the shank, median projection and lateral lobes of the pygophore, pallothecal processes, spermatheca and can easily be distinguished by its smaller size, presence of two small anterior block spots on the pronotum and a large typical triangular spot, near each posterior lateral pronotal angle. The species name is derived from the name of country India.

010608   Gupta Y C;Ajit Pratap Singh, (Department of Zoology, B.S.A. College, Mathura-281 001) : A new species of Cranopygia Burr., from India (Dermaptera : Pygidicranidae). J ent Res 2006, 30(1), 75-7.

Genus Cranopygia Burr. is hitherto represented by 18 species from India. A new species of the genus Cranopygia Burr. has been described for the first time from Uttar Pradesh, India.

4 illus, 6 ref

010607   Deshmukh C K (Department of Zoology, Sant Gade Baba Amravati University, Amravati-444 602) : Histomorphological modifications in the alimentary canal of the fruit sucking moth, Othreis materna (Linn.) (Lepidoptera :Noctuidae) in relation to phytophagous and fruit sucking habits. J ent Res 2006, 30(1), 7-15.

In the larva of fruit sucking moth, O. materna in accordance with the phytophagous feeding habit, the pharyngeal, pyloric and ileac intima bears fine spines facing the lumen while these cuticular structures are lacking in the adult which are adapted to the fruit sucking habit. The rectal pads are present in the anterior and the middle region of the rectum in larva and adult respectively. In the larvae the total length of the alimentary canal is always equal to the body length and maintain the ratio 1:1 while in the adult it is longer than the body length at the ratio of 1:1.08. The progressive growth factor in relation to the gut is often changing in successive larval instars. The relative growth rate of the alimentary canal was reduced in the last instar larva.

10 illus, 39 ref

010606   Bharti Prakash;Bhargava S;Rawat K (Toxicology Lab, Zoology Dep, Government College, Ajmer) : Effect of penfluron on total haemocyte count of Dysdercus koenigii. Asian J expl Sci 2007, 21(1), 151-4.

Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the effect of Penfluron on Total Haemocyte Count of Dysdercus koenigii. Penfluron is known to have chitin inhibiting activity. T.H.C in the treated insects increases up to 48 hours and then declines up to 96 hours. Penfluron seems to cause a great reduction in haemocytes in both sexes at 72 hours and 96 hours after treatment.

010605   Banerjee D;Mitra B;Mehta H S (Diptera Section, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, West Bengal) : Diversity of bee-fly (Bombyliidae : Diptera) in Uttaranchal, India. Ann For 2006, 14(2), 297-305.

Total of 26 species of beeflies belonging to 11 genera of 7 tribes under 3 subfamilies are known from Uttaranchal. Of the 13 districts of the newly formed state (9th November 2002), Dehra Dun (15 species) District occupies highest position in number of species followed by Nainital (12 species). Species diversity has been observed to be maximum at the altitudinal range of 1,000-2,000 m (61.53%), followed by the altitudinal range within 1000 m (46.15%). No Bombyliid species has been recorded above 2,100m. Bee-flies of Uttaranchal are predominantly Oriental, 8 species are restricted to the Indian region and 2 species are endemic to Uttaranchal. This is the first report from the state of Uttaranchal by name, because the state was separated from Uttar Pradesh very recently. Of the 11 genera found in Uttaranchal Villa is the numerically dominant genus, with 7 species.

3 tables, 8 ref

010604   Akinneye J O;Ashamo M O (Food Storage Technology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria, Email: oashamo@yahoo.com) : Some aspects of the biology of the yam moth, Euzopherodes vapidella Mann (Lepidoptera: pyralidae), a pest of stored yam tubers in Nigeria. J ent Res 2006, 30(1), 59-63.

Studies on the Yam moth, Euzopherodes vapidella Mann (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) showed that the mean fecundity per female was 79.0±1.7 eggs with an average oviposition period of 2.2 days. The eggs measuring 0.48±0.02mm in length and 0.28±0.03 mm in width were laid singly, in chains and in batches. The percentage hatchability was 75. The duration of development for the different stages of E. vapidella was 3.5±0.5 days for egg, 14.5±0.8 days for the total larval stage, 1.5±0.8 days for the pre pupa and 7.5±0.5 days for the pupa stage. Total duration of development from egg to adult was 27.0±1.5 days. Unmated females lived longer (6.5 days) than unmated males (5.0 days), mated females (5.0 days) and mated males (3.0 days). The adult females were always bigger than the males. The wing span of the females ranged from 13.8-16.8 mm and in males from 11.0-13.8 mm. The body length for females ranged from 7.0-9.0 mm and was 6.2-7.5 mm for males. Relative humidity of 37% and below did not favour E. vapidella development with no adult emergence while 58% r.h and above favour development of the moth with significant adult emergence.

3 tables, 17 ref

009781   Vats R;Surjit Singh;Bajaj H (Department of Nematology, Department of Plant Pathology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004) : Pathogenicity of Paraphelenchus species of milky mushroom (Calocybe indica) and its multiplication of other fungi. Indian J Nematol 2006, 36(1), 146-7.

2 tables, 4 ref

009780   Umadevi S;Mohanta G P;Kalaichelvan V K; Manavalan R (Department of Pharmacy, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu-608 002, Email: umadevi_viji@rediffmail.com) : Studies on wound healing effect of Flaveria trinervia leaf in mice. Indian J pharm Sci 2006, 68(1), 106-8.

The methanol extract of Flaveria trinervia (Asteraceae) leaf was evaluated for its wound healing property by excision wound models. The wound contraction and epithelialisation was faster in the leaf paste applied mice when compared to povidone-iodine treated ones. The wound healing properly may be attributed to the antioxidant activity of the extract.

^ssc1 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

009779   Taneja S K;Mandal R (Department of Zoology, Punjab University, Chandigarh-160 014, Email: sktaneja@gmail.com) : Effect of modified egg* on develpmental defects in neonates of NIDDM induced wistar rats. Indian J expl Biol 2006, 44(11), 863-74.

Maternal Zn deficiency has been suggested as the contributing factor for all congenital malformations during pregnancy particularly in diabetes. Maternal Zn-supplementation, therefore, was suggested as one possible nutrition intervention during pregnancy to improve its outcome. But a number of trials with Zn-supplementation are not consistent and discourage the use of excessive Zn-supplementation during pregnancy. Instead a multivitamin/mineral supplement to them has been suggested to reduce its complication. Accordingly, the poultry egg was modified for trace elements, vitamin-E and omega-3 fatty acids so as to use it as a dietary supplement for diabetic to reduce their complications during the pregnancy. The results showed that NIDDM induced rats fed either on 40 or 80 mg Zn/kg diet delivered less number of pups/litter and their body weight was higher at birth as compared to control group fed 20 mg Zn/kg diet. During the weaning period, some abnormalities characterized by restricted movements of the hind legs, curl toes of limbs, eye opening problems, less hair on the body and more head to body ratio were observed. Whereas number of pups delivered per litter were more with higher body weights without abnormalities in the pups in NIDDM groups fed egg mixed diet. Further Zn. Cu and Mg concentrations were significantly less in the liver, hair and abdominal muscles in pups in NIDDM groups but their concentrations were restored approaching closer to control in pups in groups fed egg mixed diet estimated on 18th day of weaning period. The excretion of these trace elements increased in the urine of dams fed Zn supplemented diet but decreased in the dams fed egg mixed diet on 15th day of their suckling period. The data suggest that if these modified eggs are included in the regular diet during pregnancy, they may protect the neonates in womb against the damaging effect of imbalances of physiologically important nutrients due to diabetes or environmental contamination.

2 illus, 7 tables, 100 ref

009778   Sundararaju P;Saritha V (Crop Protection Laboratory, National Research Centre For Banana (ICAR), Thogamalai Road, Thayanur Post, Tiruchirapalli-620 102) : Effect of leaf extracts of Acalypha indica, Cassia fistula and Solanum torvum on Pratylenchus coffeae. Indian J Nematol 2006, 36(1), 144-5.

^ssc1 table, 4 ref

009777   Subramanian S;Senthamizh K (Department of Nematology, Tamil Nadu Agricultrual University, Coimbatore-3, Email: subbunema@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of culture filtrates of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma viride and root exudates of Glomus mosseae on mortality of Rotylenchulus reniformis. Indian J Nematol 2006, 36(1), 138-40.

^ssc3 tables, 9 ref

009776   Subramanian S;Senthamizh K (Department of Nematology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-3, Email: subbunema@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of culture filtrates of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma viride and root exudates of Glomus mosseae on hatching of Rotylenchulus reniformis. Indian J Nematol 2006, 36(1), 133-5.

^ssc2 tables, 6 ref

009775   Subbanna P K T;Tyagi M G (Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore-632 002, Email: tyagi243@yahoo.co.in) : PAF antagonism modifies neuroprotective action of histone deacetylase and calcineurin phosphatase inhibitors in mice. Indian J expl Biol 2006, 44(11), 886-91.

Evaluate the hypothesis that platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonism may affect the functional recovery following the nerve injuries and also to evaluate the effect of PAF receptor antagonism on the neuroprotective effect of tacrolimus and sodium valproate, effect of PAF receptor antagonist. WEB2086 was evaluated in animal models of sciatic nerve crush and endothelin-1 induced focal cerebral ischemia. WEB2086, per se, while attenuating spontaneous sensory motor recovery after sciatic nerve crush, enhanced functional recovery after focal cerebral ischemia. WEB2086 also attenuated the neuroprotective effect of tacrolimus and sodium valproate subsequent to peripheral nerve injury, while it significantly improved the neuroprotective action of tacrolimus and sodium valproate following cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. The PAF receptor antagonists alone and in combination with tacrolimus/sodium valproate could be used in the treatment of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injuries however, their use following peripheral nerve injuries could be detrimental has been suggested.

1 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

009774   Soundararajan P;Mahesh R;Ramesh T;Hazeena Begum V (Department of Siddha Medicine, Faculty of Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur-613 005, Email: drhazeenabiomed@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of Aerva lanata on calcium oxalate urolithiasis in rats. Indian J expl Biol 2006, 44(12), 981-6.

Calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone was induced in rats using 0.75% of ethylene glycol in drinking water for 28 days. Ethylene glycol treated rats showed significant increase in the activities of oxalate synthesizing enzymes such as glycolic acid oxidase (GAO) in liver and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in liver and kidney. CaOx crystal deposition, as indicated by increased excretion of stone-forming constituents in urine, such as calcium, oxalate, uric acid, phosphorus and protein and decreased concentration of inhibitors, such as citrate and magnesium was observed in ethylene glycol induced urolithic rats. Histopathological studies also confirmed the deposition of CaOx crystals. Administration of Aerva lanata aqueous suspension (2g/kg body wt/dose/day for 28 days) to CaOx urolithic rats had reduced the oxalate synthesizing enzymes, diminished the markers of crystal deposition in the kidney. The results confirmed that A. lanata can be used as an curative agent for urolithiasis.

1 illus, 3 tables, 39 ref

009773   Sinha A;Maheshwari R C;Dureja P;Mojumder V (Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110 016) : Nematicidal activity of essential oils and their components against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Indian J Nematol 2006, 36(1), 109-14.

In vitro nematicidal activity of six essential oils Cymbopogon flexuosus (Lemongrass), C. nardus (Jamrosa), Mentha arvensis (Japanese mint), M. spicata (Spearmint), M. citrata (bergamot oil), Ocimum basilicum (Basil) and five monoterpenes -citral, linalool, carvone, geraniol, menthol and methyl chavicol was evaluated against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Among the essential oils, basil oil showed the highest nematicidal activity. ED₅₀ value of basil oil for juvenile immobility was 47.7 ppm after 24h of exposure. The remaining concentrations of different essential oils and their constituents were found to possess nematicidal activities of different magnitude.

1 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

009772   Singh V K (Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005) : Management of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita infecting cauliflower. Indian J Nematol 2006, 36(1), 127.

^ssc1 table

009771   Singh V K (Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKA, DLRSS, Dhiansar, Bari-Brahamana, Jammu-181 133) : Management of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica infecting tomato. Indian J Nematol 2006, 36(1), 126-7.

^ssc1 table, 2 ref

009770   Singal A;Tirkey N;Muragundla A;Chopra K (Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160 014, Email: dr_chopra_k@yahoo.com) : Green tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] extract reverses the despair behaviour in reserpinised and diabetic mice. Indian J expl Biol 2006, 44(11), 913-17.

Green tea (C. sinensis) extract (GTE) dose dependently produced reversal of despair in normal, reserpinised and diabetic mice, thereby demonstrating an antidepressant effect. Although the exact mechanism is yet to be explored, the possible inhibition of catechol-o-methyl transferase and monoamine oxidase enzymes may be responsible for antidepressant activity of GTE.

3 illus, 27 ref

009769   Shiawoya E L (Animal Production Dep, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria, P.M.B. 65, Nigeria, Email: shiawoya2000@yahoo.com) : Sheep fattening enterpise as a strategy for povery reduction : a case of some key local Government areas (LGAs) of Niger State. J hum Ecol 2006, 20(1), 11-14.

Study was conducted in four key LGAs of Chanchaga, Bosso, Paiko and Kafi in Niger State, in the Guinea Savanna zone to assess the role of sheep fattening, a common practice amongst rural farmers in Niger State, as a strategy for poverty reduction. A total of 80 scheduled interview questionnaires, 20 questionnaires per LGA, were designed and administered to elicit information on varous parameters including aim of the enterprise, period of sales of fattened sheep, cost of investments and benefits derived there from. The respondents were randomly selected for interview on face-to-face basis. Results obtained revealed that fattening for sale only and for sale and family consumption were popular in all the LGAs. Differences in the frequency of sales amongst the LGAs were not significant (P<62>0.05). The cost of feed inputs were, however, significantly higher (P<60>0.05) in the more urbanized LGAs of Chanchaga and Bosso than Paiko and Kafi. Mrket prices of similar sizes of sheep in the four LGAs were significantly different (P<60>0.5), being higher (N6, 000.00 per 30-40 kg sheep) in Bosso LGA and least (N 1,500.00 per 15-19 kg sheep) in Paiko LGA. Significantly (P<60>0.05) higher profit margin (N 1,790.00) was obtaiend for Kafi LGA as compared with N1,220.00, N 1,013.00 and # 398.00 for Bosso, Chanchaga and Paiko LGAs respectively. These results indicate that sheep fattening as an enterprise by the small holder farmer, apart from providing job opportunity, can be employed to cushion the effect of poverty amongst the rural poor.

5 tables, 7 ref

009768   Saha M;Lal M;Singh M (Division of Nematology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012) : Nematode communities associated with litchi at Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India. Indian J Nematol 2006, 36(1), 154-5.

^ssc1 table

009767   Rathour K S;Pandey J;Ganguly S (Division of Nematology, I.A.R.I., New Delhi-110 012, Email: sg_nema@yahoo.com) : Community structure of plant parasitic nematodes in Champawati district of Uttaranchal, India. Indian J Nematol 2006, 36(1), 89-93.

Survey of Champawat district of Uttaranchal, India was conducted to record the plant parasitic nematodes associated with some vegetable, cereal, oil-seed and fruit crops. Analysis of nematode communities revealed the presence of several plant parasitic nematodes, of which the predominant ones were: Meloidogyne spp. (M. Incognita and M. javanica) associated with chilli, okra, papaya and soybean; Quinisulcius acti with maize, chilli, okra and pumpkin; Rotylenchulus reniformis with castor, papaya and okra; Helicotylenchus spp. (H. dihystera and H. pseudorobustus) with pumpkin, okra, papaya and soybean; Hemicriconemoides mangiferae and Paratylenchus curvitatus with mango and litchi; Trichodorus pakistanensis with litchi, soybean and pumpkin and Hoplolaimus seinhorsti and Tylenchorhynchus indicus were found to be associated with okra and mango respectively. The M. incognita and M. javanica were found to have highest importance value (53.2), followed by R. reniformis (47.24) and H. seinhorsti (44.08), and these were adjudged to be the top ranking plant parasitic nematodes in this district. This is the first attempt of a nematode-based survey of Champawat district of Uttaranchal.

1 illus, 3 tables, 8 ref

009766   Rathore G;Swaminathan T R;Sood N;Mishra B N; Kapoor D (National Bureau of Fish Genetics Resources, , Canal Ring Road. P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow-226 005, Email: rathore69@rediffmail.com) : Affinity purification and partial characterization of IgM-like immunoglobulins of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822. Indian J expl Biol 2006, 44(12), 1018-21.

IgM like macroglobulin from bovine serum albumin (BSA)-immunized African catfish C. gariepinus was purified by affinity chromatography and partially characterized. The molecular weight of this macroglobulin was 840 kDa, as estimated by gel filtration chromatography. Purified macroglobulin was analyzed using SDS-PAGE under reducing and non-reducing conditions. The molecular weight (MW) of heavy and light chain was 74.8 kDa and 27.2 kDa respectively, in presence of a reducing agent. In non-reducing SDS-PAGE, a single high MW band was observed representing tetrameric form.

2 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

009765   Rathi B S;Bodhankar S L;Baheti A M (Department of Pharmacology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Poona College of Pharmacy and Re, Kothrud, Pune-411 038, Email: badalrathi@rediffmail.com) : Evaluation of aqueous leaves extract of Moringa oleifera Linn for wound healing in albino rats. Indian J expl Biol 2006, 44(11), 898-901.

Aqueous extract of leaves of M. oleifera was investigated and rationalised for its wound healing activity. The aqueous extract was studied at dose level of 300 mg/kg body weight using resutured incision; excision and dead space wound models in rats. Significant increase in wound closure rate, skin-breaking strength, granuloma breaking strength, hydroxypro ine content, granuloma dry weight and decrease in scar area was observed. The prohealing actions seem to be due to increased collagen deposition as well as better alignment and maturation. From the results obtained, it may be concluded that the aqueous extract of M. oleifera has significant wound healing property.

1 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

009764   Rane G;Gandhe R V (Department of Botany, M.J. College, Jalgaon-425 002, Email: gaurirane64@gmail.com) : Seasonal distribution of soil fungi from forest soils of Jalgaon district, Maharashtra. Zoos Print J 2006, 21(9), 2407-9.

Soil fungi were isolated from different soil types of Jalgaon district. Out of them two forest soils, Pal and Manudevi forests were selected for the studies. Total 53 and 52 species belonging to 21 and 24 genera of fungi were isolated from these soils respectively. Deuteromycotina members were dominant. Aspergillus was the dominant genus from both these soils. Each forest soil has unique mycoflora. Some of the species showed remarkable seasonal distribution from these soils. Maximum number of fungi were isolated from Pal forest soils during winter season, while maximum species were isolated from Manudevi forest soils during rainy season.

1 illus, 2 tables, 25 ref

009763   Rakhshandah H;Hosseini M (Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Ghaem Medical Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad-91735, Email: smhosseini49@hotmail.com) : Potentiation of pentobarbital hypnosis by Rosa damascena in mice. Indian J expl Biol 2006, 44(11), 910-12.

Rosa damascena has been found to act on central nervous system including brain. It inhibits the reactivity of the hypothalamous and pituitary systems in rat. In traditional medicine hypnotic effect of Rose is also suggested. Hypnotic effect of ethanolic, aqueous and chloroformic extracts of R. damascenea was investigated in mice. Hypnotic method was based on potentiation of pentobarbital induced sleeping time by extracts. Three doses of extracts (100, 500 and 1000 ma/kg) were injected ip in comparison with diazepam (3mg/kg) as positive control and saline as negative control. After 30 min of injection of extracts, pentobarbital (30 mg/kg) was injected and increase in sleeping time by extracts was recorded. The results showed that the ethanolic and aqueous extracts in 500 and 1000 mg/kg doses significantly increased pentobarbital induced sleeping time which was comparable to diazepam. The chloroformic extract had no hypnotic effect.

2 illus, 12 ref

009762   Priya P;Subramanian S (Department of Nematology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003) : Survival, infectivity and reproduction of entomopathogenic nematodes in spray adjuvants. Indian J Nematol 2006, 36(1), 129-30.

2 tables, 4 ref

009761   Praveen J (NO, , 14/779(2), Ambadi, K. Medu P.O., Palakkad, Kerala-678 013, Email: painted_stork@yahoo.com) : Post-monsoon dispersal of Malabar whistling thrush Myiophonus horsfieldii (Vigors) to Chamundi hill and Nandi Hills, Karnataka, Southern India. Zoos Print J 2006, 21(9), 2411.

9 ref

009760   Pramodine M;Mohilal N;Dhanachand C H (Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Manipur University, Canchipur-795 003) : New species Discocriconemella waitha from Manipur with redescription and male report of Discocriconemella spermata Mohilal and Dhanachand, 1998. Indian J Nematol 2006, 36(1), 70-6.

Discocriconemella spermata Mohilal & Dhanachand, 1998 from Manipur, is redescribed and illustrated from different localities of Manipur. Male specimens are reported for the first time. Male of D. spermata is characterized by having convex conoid lip, fine annulation at the anterior but coarse at posterior region and tail tapers to narrow with irregular terminus. One new species, Discocriconemella waitha encountered from the rhizosphere region of Citrus limon (L) is also reported. It is characterized by having long body, frequent anastomoses and labial disc smaller than the succeeding body annuli. Juvenile similar to females but tail conoid.

2 illus, 3 tables, 3 ref

009759   Prabhu S;Rajendran G;Subramanian S (Department of Nematology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) : In vitro mass production technology for the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema glaseri. Indian J Nematol 2006, 36(1), 142-4.

^ssc4 tables, 7 ref

009758   Olatunji L A;Soladoye A O (Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria, Email: tunjilaw04@yahoo.com) : Effect of increased calcium intake on cardiac and vascular Na+ - K<. Indian J expl Biol 2006, 44(11), 875-9.

Study aimed at investigating the influence of increased dietary calcium on Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity in heart and aorta of female Sprague-Dawley rats treated with oral contraceptive (OC) steroids. Rats were grouped as control (CR), OC-treated and OC+calcium-treated. OC-treated and OC+calcium-treated received a combination of OC steriods (ethinyloestradiol and norgestrel; ig). OC+calcium-treated rats were fed with 2.5% calcium diet, while OC-treated and CR groups were fed on 0.9% calcium diet. The activity of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase in heart and aorta was significantly lower in OC-treated rats than those in the other groups. OC treatment caused significant increase in plasma glucose and significant decrease in plasma K+ as compared to control group. Decrease in Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity and plasma K+ was abrogated by increased calcium intake, while increase in plasma glucose was not normalized by calcium supplementation. Plasma levels of Na+, lipid peroxidation index and ascorbic acid were comparable among the three groups. These results showed that OC treatment could lead to impaired activity of cardiac and vascular Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase, possibly due to reduced plasma K+ level and these effects could be abolished by high calcium diet.

2 illus, 1 table, 31 ref

009757   Nath I;Purohit K L;Mishra S K;Panda S K;Bose V S C (Department of Surgery, Orissa Veterinary College, Bhubaneswar, Orissa-751 003) : Two cases of rehabilitation of recumbent elephants. Zoos Print J 2006, 21(9), 2417-8.

1 ref

009756   Nandi S;Girish Kumar V;Gupta P S P (NO, National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore-560 030, Email: snandi71@yahoo.co.in) : Effect pf ovine follicular fluid peptide on ovarian responses and other organ weights in rats, Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout 1769. Indian J expl Biol 2006, 44(11), 880-5.

Effect of an ovine follicular fluid peptide on ovarian follicle and good oocyte numbers and weights of ovary, uterus, liver, pancreas and kidney in rats, R. norvegicus. A 30.1 kDa peptide was isolated from ovine follicular fluid by ammonium sulphate precipitation and then gel filtration. The peptide was tested at various levelsin normal (22 and 36 day-old), superovulated (29 day-old), superovulated (29 day-old) immature and 121-day old mature rats on the ovarian responses and other organ weights. The isolated peptide inhibited the growth of antral follicles in normal and superovulated rats. Ovarian, uterine weight and recovery of good oocytes were reduced when the peptide was administered at 100 μg dose. The peptide had no effect on kidney, liver, pancreas weight and recovery of perantral follicles.

4 tables, 23 ref

009755   Kinger H K;Dutt K R;Saini V;Sheeja E;Gupta V B;Deb L (NO, B.R. Nahata College of Pharmacy, Mandsaur-458 001, Email: librahitesh@rediffmail.com) : Wound healing activity of Pinus longifolia roxb.. Pl Archs 2006, 6(2), 651-2.

Methanol and aqueous extract of the leaves of Pinus longifolia Roxb. were screened for wound healing property on excision, incision wound models in wistar albino rats. Both the extract showed significant wound healing activity. However, the rats of wound contraction and epitheliazation was faster in methanol extract groups.

2 tables, 7 ref

009754   Kamath S;Rao S G;Murthy K D;Bairy K L;Bhat S (Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal-576 104, Email: surekharkamath@yahoo.com ) : Enhanced wound contraction and epithelization period in steroid treated rats: role of pyramid environment. Indian J expl Biol 2006, 44(11), 902-4.

Contribution and role of a pyramid/square box on the wound healing suppressant effect of dexamethasone was studied in rats of either sex using excision wound model to record the wound contraction rate and epithelization period. The results showed enhanced wound contraction rate and decreased epithelization period in the pyramid-exposed rats as compared to controls. Thus, it appears that pyramid environment facilitates the process of wound healing. Also, the wound healing suppressant effects of dexamethasone were significantly reduced.

2 tables, 12 ref