002466   Sam Manohar Das S;Ganesh Kumar A;Ambrose D P (Zoology Dep, Scott Christian College, Negercoil-629 003) : Impact of intraspecific competition on the predation of Irantha armipes (Stal°) (Hemiptera: reduviidae) on cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner). J biol Control 2009, 23(4), 381-4.

Intraspecific competition was found to affect the predation of assassin bug, Irantha armipes (Stal) on cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hiibner) and quickened predatory acts such as capturing, paralyzing and sucking with reduction in the number of piercing and sucking sites. The impact of competition on predation increased in proportion to the number of competitors confronted.

1 table, 12 ref

002465   Sailaja V;Madhuru E;Ramesh Babu K;Rama Krishna S;Bhaskar M (Zoology Dep, Sri Venkateswara Univ, Tirupati-517 502) : Impact of altered pH media on mortality rate, oxygen consumption and excretion in prawn, Panaeus monodon. Ecol Envir Conserv 2009, 15(1), 153- 7.

Panaeus monodon of body weight 6.0 ± 0.5 gm were selected to study the mortality rate, mean survival time, O, consumption, unit metabolism, excretory pattern of prawn on exposure to different ranges of both alkaline and acidic pH media. At pH 3.5 and pH 10.5 highest mortality (100%) and least mean survival time were observed. At pH 4.5, 50% mortality and 72hrs of mean survival time was recorded, where as at pH 10.0 mortality rate was 20% and mean survival time was 96 hrs. At pH 5.5 to 9.0 at the every interval of pH 0.5, mean survival time was highest. O₂ consumption, unit metabolism, ammonia, ammonia/oxygen were estimated. O₂ consumption and unit metabolism were reduced in both acidic and alkaline exposed prawns over control. However, the reduction is less in alkaline exposure. But the ammonia content was showed opposite trend in both groups. In acidic exposed prawns the reduction was significant and considerable elevation was seen in alkaline exposure and ammonia/oxygen ratio also showed similar trend.

2 tables, 40 ref

002464   Renuka M R;Andrews M I (Zoology Dep, N.S.S. Hindu College, Changanacherry-686 102) : Effect of nuvacron on carbohydrate metabolism of the green frog Euphlyctis hexadactylus. J Ecobiol 2009, 25(1), 39-44.

Sublethal and median lethal effects of Nuvacron on carbohydrate metabolism of the frog Euphlyctis hexadactylus were investigated and 96 hour LC₅₀ value for Nuvacron was determined as 195 ppm. The pesticide induced an initial hyperglycemia and later hypoglycemia when exposed to sublethal concentration and continuous hypoglycemia when exposed to median lethal concentration. Both sublethal and median lethal treatments caused decrease in liver and muscle glycogen content throughout the experiment due to glycogenolysis. Changes in the carbohydrate metabolism might help the animal to withstand pesticide toxicity.

3 tables, 14 ref

002463   Renuka C (Zoology Dep, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti-621 007) : Anti diabetic effect of Biophytum sensitivum on alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. J Ecobiol 2009, 24(3), 231-5.

Anti diabetic effect of Biophytum sensitivum was studied on alloxan induced diabetic rat. The result indicates that the ethanolic extract of 6. sensitivum that blood glucose level and serum cholesterol level were decreased but increased in total protein level of diabetic rats.

2 tables, 16 ref

002462   Rauthan J V S;Singhla G D;Rauthan G;Dinesh Kumar (Zoology Dep, D. A. V. (P.G.) College, Dehradun-248 001) : Comparative haematological study on a few fresh water fishes of Pilli reservoir. J expl Zool 2009, 12(1), 171-3.

A comparative haematological study on ten fresh water fishes i.e. Osteobrama cotio, Rasbora daniconis, Botia dario, Mystus teengara, Oxygaster bacilla, Labeo gonius, lepidocephalichthys gunta, Puntius conchonius, Channa gachua and Mastacembelius armatus revealed that the TEC, Hb content and PCV are highest in Labeo gonius and Channa gachua. The ranges of different haematological parameters of the ten species are : TEC 2.09 to 4.30 x 106 / cram, TLC 6129.22 TO 8960.0 C/MM, Hb content 8.70 to 13.40 gm%, ESR 1.10 to 2.40 mm/hour, PCV 28.20 to 34.30%, MCV 150.00 to 189.2mm3, MCHC 28.00 to 34.62% and MCH 28.10 to 35.10 pg.

1 table, 27 ref

002461   Ramesh Kumar T;Emerald D M;Palanivel A (Zoology Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar-608 002) : Impact of heavy metal zinc on the histological changes in the seminal vesicle of the adult male Laccotrephes ruber (Linn.) (Heteroptera: Nepidae) in relation to reproduction. J expl Zool 2009, 12(1), 35-7.

The male reproductive system of Laccotrephes ruber consists of a pair of testis, seminal vesicle, vas deferentia, a common ejaculatory duct and then into aedeagus. The seminal vesicle is bulged tubule shape structure. The seminal vesicle showed some marked changes in the insects treated with heavy metal zinc (25 ppm median lethal concentration). In treated insects shows a highly disintegrated epithelial cells with weakly stained cytoplasm and nuclei with many cytoplasmic vacuoles.

4 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

002460   Ramesh Kumar T;Basker P;Palanivel A (Zoology Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar-608 002) : Male accessory reproductive glands (Margs) are the potential target for vector control. J expl Zool 2009, 12(1), 99-101.

Vector borne diseases malaria, filarial, dengue, yellow fever and Chickungunya posing a great challenge to the scientific community as they are not able to eradicate them with the tremendous growth in biotechnology. To combat these diseases, vector control is the parallel to the control of causative organisms of these diseases through chemotherapy with specific drugs. Pertaining to the present status of vector control with organocfalorine and organophosphorus larvicides and adulticides, invariably alll these chemicals developed resistance by mosquitoes wherever they have been exposed for malaria and other vector borne disease control. Synthetic pyrethroids are also being developed resistance as people use them everyday as mosquito repellents. Alternative to chemical control, biological and genetic control are also employed and these are sometimes not at all feasible in all habitats of mosquitoes. In this situation, refinement in mosquito control with cost effective is required urgently. Inspite of juvenile hormone (JH) analogue and growth regulating hormone are already introduced for vector control and it is known that these are not cost effective as well as constraints for their application in field condition. Hence, the present study is suggested with available literature and little information of the histo architecture and the nature of secretion of the male accessory reproductive glands (MARGs) of Anopheles stephensi as it performs vital functions on the sperm transfer mechanism. Since there is no equivalent organ in the female reproductive system of mosquitoes, MARGs is considered as the target for vector control.

4 illus, 10 ref

002459   Ramamurthy V;Raveendran S;Sathick O (Zoology Dep, Khadir Mohideen College, Adirampattinam-614 701) : Anti bacterial activity of Amphimedon viridis and Negombata magnifica. J Ecobiol 2009, 24(4), 361-8.

Living benthic marine organisms are able to combat microbial attack by chemical defense-Invitro screening of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Amphimedon viridis and Negombata magnifica have the specific activity in inhibiting the growth of six virulent strains of fish pathogenic bacteria (Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio alginolyticus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. aeruginosa, Aeromonas hydrophila & A.salmonicida) was made. The ethanolic extract showed considerably more activity than the aqueous extract. Maximum antibacterial activity was shown against E. tarda followed by A. hydrophila and P. aeruginosa. The aqueous extract appears to have less antibacterial activity than the ethanolic extract. This is interesting in that the traditional method of treating a bacterial infection was by administering a decoction of the sponges, whereas according to our results an organic solvent is better; hence this may be more beneficial. Amongst the 6 bacterial strains investigated E. tarda and A. hydrophilia the most resistant.

1 illus, 1 table, 31 ref

002458   Rajasekaran G;Kavitha M;Sudha R;Kannan K (Zoology Dep, Government Arts College, Ariyalur-621 713) : Impact of temperature on behavioural and respiratory responses of catfish Clarias gariepinus. J Ecobiol 2009, 24(3), 263-8.

The catfish [Clarius gariepinus] were introduced in cold (26-28°C) and (32-34°C) heat stress were subjected various to behavioral and physiological activities. The activities of swimming and opercular beats were more in heat stressed fishes. The abnormal behaviour activities of rapid swam restlessness and tried to escape from the medium jumping again and again were also noted. The heat stressed C. gariepinus exhibited an increased number of surfaces. The rate of oxygen consumption in cold (0.60 ml/g) and (0.98 h) heat were more than cold stressed fishes. The fish exhibited the following behavioral changes, when the fish were treated with heat and cold stressed: fast jerky movements, turning upside down, restlessness, erratic movement, increased opercular beating and increased surfacing movements.

2 tables, 26 ref

002457   Prasad S K;Qureshi T N (NO, School of Studies in Zoology and Biotechnology, Vikram Univ, Ujjain-456 010, Email: drskprasad2006@rediffmail.com) : Effect of oral administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan on plasma prolactin level in female Japanese quail Coturnix coturnix Japonica. J expl Zool 2009, 12(1), 179-82.

The study was designed to find out the possible effect of 5-HTP (5-Hydroxytryptophan, a serotonin precursor) feeding on body weight and plasma prolactin level in female Japanese quail, Cotarnix coturnlxjaponica. One week old quail chicks were divided into two groups (10 birds each). Group I: Control group received normal diet while Group II: Experimental group received food mixed with 5-HTP(50 mg/ 15g food). At the termination of experiment (after S weeks of age) observations were made only in female birds. Body weight was taken and blood was collected for performing RIA for prolactin. Body weight showed nonsignificant results in 5-HTP fed group in comparison to control. On the other hand Plasma prolactin level showed significantly (P<60> 0.05) increased values in comparison to control. Results obtained from the study suggest that serotonin production in brain after the administration of its precursor may affect the neuroendocrine-gonadal axis, resulting change in the plasma prolactin level in the sexually immature female Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix Japonica.

2 illus, 43 ref

002456   Pradep Kumar;Singh D K (Zoology Dep, DDU Gorakhpur Univ, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh-273 009, Email: dksingh_gpu@yahoo.co) : Use of amino acids and their combinations as attactant in bait formulations against the snail Lymnaea acuminata. J appl Biosci 2009, 35(1), 63-6.

Different amino acids were used as attractant in the bait formulations against the snail Lymnaea acuminata. Snail attractant pellets (SAP) containing combinations (1:1 ratio) of 10 and 20 mM concentration of amino acids in 2% agar solution were prepared. Attraction of snails to different amino acids was studied by using clear glass aquaria having diameter of 30 cm. Each aquarium was divided into four concentric zones; zone-3 (central), zone-2 and 1 (middle) and zone-0 (outer) that had a diameter of 13, 18, 24, and 30 cm, respectively. The fraction of snails that was in contact with the SAP at different times was used as a measure of attraction. Among all the amino acids, 20 mM aspartic acid (51.19%) and their binary combinations of 20 mM lysine + valine (60.75%) showed highest attraction of snail, L. acuminata after 2h observation period.

2 tables, 19 ref

002455   Poonia F S;Choudharysurendra S (Applied Entomology Lab., Zoology Dep, Jai Narain Vyas Univ, Jodhpur-342 005) : Free amino acids in the food, gut and excreta of the surface grasshopper, Chrotogonus trachypterus Blanchxs. (Orthoptera: acrididae) during adult development. J appl Zool Res 2009, 20(1), 9-13.

Quantitative changes in the free amino acids in the food, gut and excreta of the surface grasshopper, Chrotogonus trachypterus during adult development were analyzed by two dimensional paper chromatography technique and their size was estimated spectrophotometrically. The food contained all the essential free amino acids, in addition to some non-essential ones. In the gut and excreta, the amount of free amino acids remained almost the same in all the stages of the adult development.

1 table, 20 ref

002454   Poonam Devi (Zoology Dep, D.A.V.(P.G.) College, Dehradun-248 001) : Faunal diversity of snails in riverine ecosystem of Doon valley. J expl Zool 2009, 12(1), 207-9.

The study reveals faunal diversity of snails from riverine ecosystem of five different localities viz., Asan Barrage (L-l), Sahaspur (L-2), Dudhli (L-3) Lacchiwala (L-4) and Gularghati (L-5) of Doon Valley between March 2002 - February 2004. As many as 8 species of snails belonging to 4 different families, Viviparidae, Lymnaeidae, Thiaridae and Bullinidae were collected. The population of the snails was higher in L-l locality followed by L-5, L-4, L-3 and L-2 in succession throughout the study period. Few specimens of Melanoides tuberculata have been found to carry cercarial larvae of trematode parasite.

1 illus, 20 ref

002453   Peter M C S;Peter V S (Zoology Dep, University of Kerala, Kariavattom-695 581, Email: subashpeter@yahoo.com) : Action of the thyroid inhibitor propyl thiouracil on thyroid and interrenal exes in the freshwater tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus Peters. J Endocr Reprod 2009, 13(1), 37-44.

The actions of propyl thiouracil (PTU), a thyrostatic drug, on thyroid hormones (THs) and cortisol production were examined in freshwater tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) to examine whether the hypothyroid state affects the function of interrenal axes in this fish. The plasma levels of triiodothyronine (T₃), thyroxine (T₄), and cortisol along with branchial and renal Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase activities were measured after feeding varied doses (5-20 μg g^-1) of PTU for over 10 or 15 days. Feeding low dose (5 μg g^-1) of PTU produced significant rise in plasma T₄ level but both T₃ and T₄ levels were decreased significantly after feeding a high dose (20 μg g^-1) of PTU for 15 days. All doses of PTU failed to alter the plasma cortisol. No significant correlation was found between the plasma levels of T₃ T₄ and cortisol after varied doses of PTU. Treatment of T₃ or T₄ (40 ng g^-1) to the high dose PTU-fed tilapia produced a significant rise in plasma cortisol, suggesting a link to the thyroid and interrenal axes in this fish. The rise in T₃ or T₄ level in the PTU-treated tilapia after TH injections correlated with the branchial and renal Na⁺, K⁺ -ATPase activities, which imply an effective Na handling, though a tight regulation of Na⁺ and K⁺ transport was maintained in the plasma of these fish. The data show that high dose of PTU inactivates the thyroid axis resulting in the decreased production of T₃ and T₄ though a low dose of PTU activates the thyroid axis. Our results provide evidence that exogenous T₃ activates interrenal axis to produce cortisol and both exogenous T₃ and T₄ promote branchial and renal Na handling in PTU-induced hypothyroid tilapia.

3 illus, 2 tables, 44 ref

002452   Peter M C S;Joshua E K;Rejitha V;Peter V S (Zoology Dep, University of Kerala, Kariavattom-695 581, Email: subashpeter@yahoo.com) : Thyroid hormone modifies the metabolic response of air-breathing perch (Anabas testudineus Bloch) to nimbecidine exposure. J Endocr Reprod 2009, 13(1), 27-36.

The action of thyroid hormones on metabolite regulation of nimbecidine-exposed climbing perch was studied to understand the role of these hormones in tolerance mechanisms of fish to nimbecidine exposure. Anabas testudineus, the climbing perch, was treated with nimbecidine, a neem-based biopesticide, at nominated concentrations (60 and 600 μgL^-1) for 48 h, with or without THs, and the levels of triiodothyronine (T₃) and thyroxine (T₄), metabolite and nucleic acid were quantified. The treatment of THs along with nimbecidine produced a different metabolite pattern. A significant rise in serum T₃ occurred in the nimbecidine-treated fish but the serum T₄ level remained unaffected. Nimbecidine exposure increased the serum triglycerides and the serum urea but the serum glucose and liver total protein, RNA and DNA remained unchanged. Significant reduction in the aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities occurred in the serum and liver of nimbecidine-treated fish but the lactate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase activities remained unaffected. The data indicate that TH modifies the metabolite pattern of climbing perch during its exposure to nimbecidine and, thus, suggest that TH is involved in the mechanism of stress tolerance in fish.

4 illus, 2 tables, 49 ref

002451   Pattanaik S;Chakra G;Patnaik A (Zoology Dep, Berhampur Univ, Bhanjabihar, Berhampur-760 007) : Silkgland proteins of certain silkworm races, Bombyx mori. J Ecobiol 2009, 25(1), 1-7.

Silkworm Bombyx mori races were reared in the laboratory and protein content of silk gland in the fifth instar was estimated in NB4D2, Nistari x P5 and PM x P5 races. NB4D2 showed a better performance among the selected races. Increased concentration of salivary gland proteins in NB4D2 (0.8g - 4.3 g) may be due to feeding of more coarse mulberry leaves and their assimilation and subsequent appearance of many stage specific proteins during fifth instar larval period.

5 tables, 26 ref

002450   Patnaik A;Behera M K;Behera R (NO, , Plot No. 1474/2676, Jagannath Matha Lane, Old Town, Bhubaneswar) : Effect of copper on growth of a tropical earthworm, Lampito mauritii (Kinberg). J appl Zool Res 2009, 20(2), 193-6.

Impact of sublethal doses of copper (2, 4, 8 ppm) on growth of earthworm, Lampito mauritii, was studied for 30 days under laboratory conditions. In control, the biomass of the L mauritii increased by 58.9% over initial weight in 30 days but decrease in biomass by about 16.1, 20.7 and 21.1% was found when the worms were exposed to 2, 4 and 8 ppm copper respectively. In addition to decrease in biomass on exposure to copper, there was also decrease in the length of the earthworms. In control there was 6.39% increase in length but 13.32, 12.63 and 34.48% decrease in length of the worm was observed when exposed to 2,4 and 8 ppm copper, respectively. It shows that copper based pesticides bring about reduction in growth of the beneficial, non target soil organism like earthworm.

3 tables, 14 ref

002449   Patnaik A;Behera M K;Behera R (NO, , Plot No. 1474/2676, Jagannath Matha Lane, Old Town, Bhubaneswar) : Effect of copper fungicide on regeneration of earthworm Lampito mauritii (Kinberag). J appl Zool Res 2009, 20(2), 189-92.

Impact of sublethal doses of copper (i.e. 2, 4, and 8 ppm) on regeneration of earthworm, Lampito mauritii (Kinberg) was studied for 15 days. The regeneration rate was found to be 51.85, 46.25, 41.98 and 37.04% on exposure to control, 2, 4, and 8 ppm copper fungicide, respectively. High maintenance cost and nerve depression might be the possible cause for retardation of regeneration in the treated earthworms in comparison to untreated (control) earthworms.

2 tables, 17 ref

002448   Patil R G;Nanaware S G (Zoology Dep, Lal Bahadur Shastri College, Satara, Email: ramraopatill21@yahoo.com) : Biochemical analysis to study the nutritive value of the fish Catla catla after exposure to the phytotoxin from Lasiosiphion eriocephalus. Int J biol Sci 2010, 1(1), 41-4.

The amount of biochemical constituents such as protein, lipid and glycogen in fishes is used for the determination of their nutritive value. The fresh water fish Catla catla when expose to the sublethal concentration (83.60 ppm) of plant toxin from Lasiosiphon eriocephalus, significant decrease in total protein, lipid and glycogen content of liver, muscle and kidney was observed after 96 hrs of exposure period. Maximum decrease in the amout of calories was recorded as 17.21%, 17.54% and 11.70% respectively in liver, muscle and kidney of the fish Catla catla. The results were discussed on the basis of metabolism in the fish.

1 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

002447   Omkar;Maurice N (Zoology Dep, Ladybird Research Laboratory, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226 007, Email: omkaar55@hotmail.com) : Kin recogniton in aphidophagous ladybirds: an adaptive strategy. J appl Biosci 2009, 35(1), 71-5.

The influence of exogenous (prey quality) and endogenous cues on cannibalism and kin recognition ability in larval stages of Coccinella septempunctata and Coccinella transversalis was studied. The third instars of C. septempunctata showed cannibalism preference towards non sibs while the fourth instar of C. septempunctata and third instar of C. transversalis showed no such distinction. No significant effect of prey quality was observed on cannibalism incidences. This suggests that cannibalism and kin recognition are dependent on endogenous cues rather than exogenous ones.

2 illus, 48 ref

002446   Okogwu O;Didigwu Nwani C;Okoh F;Odoh G E; Oguchi;Oguchi A (Applied Biology Dep, Ebonyi State Univ, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria) : Investigation on the fisheries potential of Ebonyi river, South East Nigeria. J expl Zool 2009, 12(1), 7-11.

Preliminary investigation on the fisheries of Ebonyi River, Southeast Nigeria was carried out from August 2005 to July 2006. Fish samples were collected monthly at Ezillo and Akpoha stations of the river using a fleet of nets (38.1mm, 63.5mni, 76.2mm, 101.6mm and 177.8mm), 10 cast nets, 100 hook and line and 10 locally made hoop-fyke traps. A total of 1374 fishes belonging to 25 genera, 15 families and 33 species were identified during the study period. The Cichlidae had the highest abundance 431 (32.2%), followed by the Clariidae 258 (19.2%) and Bagridae 173 (13.0%) while the least was the Cyprinidae 1 (0.1%). The highest catch was in October 2005 (329) while the lowest was recorded in March 2006 (65). Akpoha with a total of 1116 fishes had higher abundance than Ezillo station (258) probably due to the human activities at the later. Some fish species were represented by few individuals that were restricted to only one station. This calls for rational management and conservation of the fish resources of the Ebonyi River.

4 tables, 30 ref

002445   Okafor A I;Nwani C D;Okereke F O (Animal amd Enviromental Biology Dep, Abia State University, Uturu-Nigeria, Email: didigwunwani@yahoo.com) : Haematological profile of the African catfish Heterobranchus bidorsalis (ST. geoffrey, 1809: claariidae). J appl Biosci 2009, 35(1), 51-6.

Normal haematological characteristics of the African catfish, Heterobranchus bidorsalis were determined in order to establish a "reference document" which could be used to assess the health status of the fish as well as to monitor haematological changes in the fish due to alterations in environmental conditions. Blood parameters determined in three major sizes of H. bidorsalis (fingerlings, juveniles and adults) were erythrocyte, leucocyte and blood platelet counts, haemoglobin contents, haematocrit, pH, osmolallty, glucose, urea, uric acid, creatinine, ionic concentrations, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration. Intraspecies haematological relationships in H. bidorsalis at P<60>0.05 were also determinedr.

2 tables, 29 ref

002444   Odikamnoro O O;Ikesh I M;Nwani C D (Applied Biology Dep, Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, Ebonyi State Univ, P.M.B 053 Abakaliki, Nigeria) : Assessment of unirary schistosomiasis in primary school children in Bakaliki urban, South-East Nigeria. J expl Zool 2009, 12(1), 45-9.

Schistosoma infection is one of the neglected public health problems facing developing countries, with school age children at greatest risk. A survey of Schistosoma haematobium infection among primary school children in Abakaliki South-East Nigeria was conducted between June and July 2008 to determine the prevalence and environmental conditions that favour the spread of S haematobium, in the urban area. Of the 800 pupils examined in Okpaugwu and Ezza Road areas, 182(45.5%) and 160(40.0%) were infected with S. haematobium respectively. A total of 236(55.7%), 100(45.5%) males and 128(34.0%), 60(33.3%) females respectively, were infected. There was a gradual increase in the disease prevalence with increasing age of the study subjects. About 90% of the infected persons were aged 8-14years. Statistical analysis revealed that the prevalence, intensity and visible haematuria were significantly higher (P<60>0.05) in subjects between the ages of 8 and 14years than subjects below Syears of age. Among the infected population, 168(46.2%) and 196(53.8%) were excreting 50eggs/10ml urine and above 50eggs/10ml urine respectively. To control Urinary Schistosomiasis, the use of community- based health workers for the provision of adequate health education, free diagnosis and treatment of the disease, as well as the provision of portable water and hygienic environment are strongly recommended.

1 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref

002443   Nwani C D;Okoh F A;Esu D O;Ude F E;Uneke B I (NO, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resoures Canal Ring Road, Telibagh, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow-226 002, Email: didigwunwani@yahoo.com ) : Heavy metal concentration from a west African river estuary-Ikot Osukpong south-south Nigeria. J expl Zool 2009, 12(1), 17-21.

Levels of heavy metals (Iron, Zinc, Copper, Manganese, Lead and Chromium) concentration and some physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and conductivity) were investigated from four different stations in Ikot Osukpong River Estuary, South-South Nigeria for one year period between the months of June 2006 and May 2007. Out of the 96 samples of water analysed, Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu, Mn and Cr were detected in concentrations ranging from 0.009 to 0.416, 0.003 to 0.201, 0.003 to 0.091, and 0.004 to 0.0.093, 0.001 to 0.008 and 0.001 to 0.008 respectively. Results obtained indicated that the concentrations of all the metals are well within the permissible limits prescribed by WHO and FEPA for drinking water quality. These metals and the physicochemical parameters investigated showed variations at both seasons. The toxicological implications of this finding in relation to aquatic ecosystem and human health are discussed.

1 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

002442   Neeru;Chauhan A;Chauhan D K;Khare A K; Malhotra N M (Zoology Dep, Meerut College, Meerut-250 001) : Haematological modulation in albino rat (Rattus norvigecus) induced by nitrogen dioxides gas inhalation. J expl Zool 2009, 12(1), 175-7.

In the study male albino rat were exposed 30 minute per day for seven days. Nitrogen dioxide inhalation in rats decreased respiratory rate and also decrease metabolic activity due to the oxygen deficiency. After the 20 and 40 days of post inhalation, haematological parameters were measured. A significant decrease in total RBC count, haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and peutrophils value was noted, which reflected red cell indices (MCV, MCH and MCHC) due to hypoxic polycythemia. The increase value of eosinophils, monocytes and basophils was noted. Nitrogen dioxide poisoning is a global problem now.

1 table, 21 ref

002441   Nayebzadeh H;Rafiel Alavi S E;Tarrahi M J (Parasitiology Dep, Lorestan Univ, Khorramabad, Iran, Email: hassannayeb@yahoo.com) : Intestinal parasitic infections among the students of Lorestan university, Iran. J expl Zool 2009, 12(1), 183-5.

Since parasitic diseases cause reduction in people's activity and efficiency, this study was conducted to determine the infection prevalence of the intestinal parasites among the students of the Lorestan University, Iran. In a cross-sectional study, 310 students were selected randomly and were requested to fill up questionnaires and provide stool samples. Samples were tested using formalin-ether method. In this study each student with at least one pathogenic or non pathogenic parasite was considered infected. The infection prevalence With intestinal parasites was 8.4%. Giardia was the most common infection (3.9%). There was a significant difference with regard to parents' education and hand washing before eating between the infected and non infected groups. Since Giardia dose not permanently appear in stool, probably the actual infection rate is higher than the reported figure. The study showed that some factors such as parents' educational level as well as hand washing before eating play a significant role in infection with intestinal parasites among the students.

1 table, 9 ref

002440   Narendran T C;Girish Kumar P (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Calicut Univ, Calicut-673 635) : On three new species of pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: chalcidoidea) from Maharashtra, India. J expl Zool 2009, 12(1), 29-34.

Three new species of the family Pteromalidae viz., Colotrechnus melghaticus Narendran & Girish Kumar sp. nov., Homoporus maharashtriensis Narendran & Girish Kumar sp. nov. and Chlorocytus amaravathicus Narendran & Girish Kumar sp. nov. are described and their differences with all other species of each respective genus of Oriental region are provided.

8 illus, 12 ref

002439   Nagarajan K;Bhuvaneswari V (Zoology Dep, Sri Vasavi College, Erode-638 316, Email: jacdrkn@gmail.com) : Histopathological studies of Clarias batrachus exposed to untreated and polyelectrolyte treated tannery effluent. J expl Zool 2009, 12(1), 139-43.

The Indian cat fish Clarias batrachus were exposed to 3.4% concentration of both untreated and polyelectrolyte treated tannery effluent Histopathological analysis on the tissues of retina, gills, liver and intestine were done. The histology of these tissues showed various degrees of deterioration when compared to control. The degree of deterioration was very much reduced in the polyelectrolyte treated tannery effluent when compared to the untreated tannery effluent.

4 illus, 17 ref

002438   Mutupriya P;Altaff K (Post Graduate and Research, Zoology Dep, The New College, Chennai-600 014) : Mass culture of Ceriodaphnia cornuta in chicken manure fertilized medium. J expl Zool 2009, 12(1), 157-8.

Ceriodaphnia cornuta was mass cultured using chicken manure as feed for a period of 21 days. Higher density (9333±203ind/L) of C. cornuta was recorded on the 17th day of culture. The C. cornuta culture using chicken manure fertilized medium appears to be highly siiitable for mass production and used as livefeed in freshwater aquacultiire.

1 illus, 13 ref

002437   Muthupriya P;Altaff K (Post Graduate and Reseach, Zoology Dep, The New College, Chennai-600 014) : Effect of salinity and temperature on the reproduction of the estuarine copepod Apocyclops royi (Lindberg, 1940). J expl Zool 2009, 12(1), 103-6.

The effect of different salinity and temperature on survival, reproduction and development of the estuarine cyclopoid copepod Apocyclops royl was investigated in the laboratory. The range of salinities between 12 ppt to 22 ppt was found to be favourable for the survival, and reproduction of this species. The optimal temperature for normal survival reproduction and growth of A. royi ranges between 25°C and 30°C. Temperature of 40°C appears to be lethal as most of the animals could not survive more than 48 hours. The influence of salinity and temperature on the reproductive potential of A. royi is discussed.

4 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

002436   Mishra R;Dora K C (NO, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kakatpur-752 108) : Study to control phytoplankton bloom in fish ponds. J appl Zool Res 2009, 20(2), 157-60.

Undesirable algal blooms due to excessive growth of phytoplankton especially Microcystis cause depletion of dissolved oxygen resulting in high fish mortality. Use of KMnO₄ along with CuSO₄ has been tried in the present study to control microcystis bloom in fish ponds of Ganjam district of Orissa during 2004 to 2006. The trials were first conducted in laboratory condition in two phases and the final trial was made in field conditions. Combination treatment of KMn0₄ and CuSO₄ at 3+0.5 ppm was found most effective in reducing the cell count drastically by 50% in the first day followed by significant reduction within 8 to 9 days period. The pH and dissolved oxygen level remained at 6.8 and 6.4 ppm after the treatment.

3 tables, 5 ref

002435   Meena S;Singh N P (Zoology Dep, Rajasthan Univ, Jaipur-302 055) : Applicability of dyar's law for instars identification of Chrotogonus trachypterus Blanchard (Orthoptera: Acrididae). J expl Zool 2009, 12(1), 203-6.

The Surface Grasshopper Chrotogonus trachypterus Blanchard is a polyphagus pest. It attacks the crops in seedling stage. The male hoppers shed exuviae four times, while females moulted five times, thus revealing that the nymphal stages were five in males and six in females. In males with five instars the average ratio of increase of head-capsule was 1.185 while in females with six instars it was 1.179. Width of head capsule in successive instars, followed a fairly regular geometrical progression.

2 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

002434   Luthra V;Gupta R C (Zoology Dep, T.D. Postgraduate College, Jaunpur-222 002) : Haematological changes induced by monocrotophos and endosulfan in the blood of fresh water cat fish Clarias batrachus (Bloch) during its annual reproductive cycle. J expl Zool 2009, 12(1), 75-7.

The aim of study was to assess the influence of two insecticides on hematological parameters of Clarias batrachus during its annual reproductive cycle. The fish was exposed to sublethal concentration of monocrotophos and endosulfan to study the effect on blood cells. LC₅₀ for Clarias batrachus after 96 hour exposure were observed to be 46 ppm and 0.004 ppm respectively. Fish treated with these drugs showed a general reduction in the number of erythrocytes, leucocytes and hemoglobin in its different annual reproductive cycles which were significantly lower than hematological values of untreated fish indicating poor physiological activities.

1 table, 16 ref

002433   Laxmi Devi;Singh P M;Sisodia M (Zoology Dep, J.N.V. Univ, Jodhpur-342 003) : Effect of plant extracts on the ovipositional behaviour of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis. J appl Zool Res 2009, 20(2), 143-5.

The leaf extract of certain plants viz, Azadirachta indica (Neem), Capsicum fruitescense (Chilli), Lawsonial inermis (Henna), Ocimum gratissimum (Ram Tulsi), Allium cepa (Onion), Arachis hypogaea (Groundnut), Syzygium cuminii (Jamun) and Cestrum noctumum (Raat ki rani), mixer of extracts Azadirachta indica+Capsicum fruitescense [1:1], Azadirachta indica+Lawsonia inermis [1:1] were evaluated for their ovipositional deterrent activity against the insect pest Callosobruchus chinensis @1,2.5 and 5.0 ml/100 gm of chickpea seeds (Cicer arietinum). The minimum eggs were laid on seeds treated with Azadirachta indica and maximum in Cestrum noctumum.

1 table, 4 ref

002432   Lal R;Nirmal B K;Saxena A K (Zoology Dep, Harish Chandra PG College, Banaras Hindu university, Varanasi -221 005) : Interactive seasonal changes in the testis and thymus of the lizard Calotes varsicolor daudin. J Endocr Reprod 2009, 13(1), 13-6.

The development and secretory activity of testis of lizards is modulated by environmental factors, especially temperature, and it follows a seasonal pattern. Testosterone, secreted by the testis, modulates the functioning of the thymus which governs the immunity of animals. Thymosin is synthesized and secreted by the thymus and governs the development of immunity. At the time when the thymus is hypo-active the other lymphoid tissues take care of the maintenance of immunity. In the present study, the testis and thymus of Calotes versicolor were studied during the different months of the breeding as well as non-breeding phases, and the specific variations were observed. The recrudescence of testis begins in the month of March and attains the peak in June, which coincides with the beginning of breeding phase. During this period, significant increase in the weight of testis was found. The fully developed testis is maintained during July to September. During the breeding phase the thymus was regressed and had shrunken thymocytes indicating poor secretion of thymosin. From October onwards, the weight of the testis decreased, indicating regression. During the non-breeding phase, from November to February, the testis was fully regressed, when testis was devoid of spermatozoa. During this phase the thymus was well-developed, and the thymocytes were enlarged indicating substantial activity.

2 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

002431   Kurhe A R;Mane U H;Pawar B A (Zoology Dep, P.V.P. College, Pravaranagar, Tal. Rahata, Ahmednagar-413 713, Email: anil.kurhe@gmail.com) : Ecology of gastropod molluscs of mangrove swamps of Bhatye estuary. J expl Zool 2009, 12(1), 23-8.

Abundance of mangrove associated gastropod molluscs from Bhatye estuary near Ratnagiri on west coast of Maharashtra state, India, have been studied according to their habitat during the month October 2003. Study revealed that Bhatye estuary contained 9 species of mangrove plants. Among the different observed molluscan species, 3 species were found only on mangrove plants, 3 species only on ground, while remaining 8 species were found on both mangrove plants and ground subjected to the tidal action. Among the different species of molluscs on ground, the density of Cirithidium cingulata was maximum while Telescopium telescopium was minimum. Among the different species of molluscs on mangrove plants, the density of Littorina scabra was maximum while Neritina virgina and Cirithidium scabradium was minimum. Out of 14 observed gastropod molluscs species on ground in 30 m transect area, the density of Cirithidium cingulata was maximum while Neritina virgina was minimum. Among different species of gastropod molluscs on mangrove plants in 30 m transect area, the density of Terebralia sp. was maximum and Neritina virgina was minimum. It was also found that gastropod molluscs species were declined from forest edge to 30 m transect area. It is suggested that, minimum numbered gastropod molluscs species should be conserve in order to maintain the ecological balance of Bhatye estuary.

4 illus, 5 tables, 30 ref

002430   Kungumapriya R;Revathi K;Balachandaran C (Post Graduate and Research, Zoology Dep, The Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai-600 008) : Effect of aflatioxin and toxin binders on the serum cholesterol level of breeding Japanese quails, Coturnix coturnix Japonica. J expl Zool 2009, 12(1), 223-4.

Mycotoxins play a global role in human and animal health. Molds in poultry feed are a source of significant economic loss to poultry producers. Molds adversely influence performance of animals by altering the nutrient composition of feed ingredients, decreasing the efficiency of nutrient utilization, and by producing toxic secondary metabolites. This work was carried out to study the role of locally available herbal plant extracts such as Azadirachta indica, Cynodon dactylon and Curcuma longa in counteracting the effects of experimental aflatoxicasis in laying Japanese quail by feeding them with diets containing aflatoxin at 1.5 and 3 ppm levels for a period of six weeks.

1 table, 6 ref

002429   Kungumapriya R;Revathi K (Zoology Dep, The Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai-600 008) : Effect of aflatoxin and toxin binders on the livability of breeding Japanese quails, Coturnix coturnix Japonica. J expl Zool 2009, 12(1), 89-90.

Mycotoxins play a global role in human and animal health. Aflatoxins cause malperformance, metabolic disorders and pathologic alterations in different species of poultry. Various species of poultry differ in susceptibility to acute and subacute aflatoxicosis. This work was carried out to study the role of locally available herbal plant extracts such as Azadirachta indica, Cynodon dactylon and Curcuma longa in counteracting the effects of experimental aflatoxicosis in laying Japanese quail by feeding them with diets containing aflatoxin at 1.5 and 3ppm levels for a period of six weeks.

1 table, 10 ref

002428   Kungumapriya R;Ravathi K;Balasubrmanian D (Post Graduate and Research Zoology Dep, The Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai-600 008) : Effect of aflatoxin and toxin binders on the daily egg production breeding Japanese quails, Coturnix coturnix Japonica. J expl Zool 2009, 12(1), 69-70.

Mycotoxins play a global role in human and animal health. Molds in poultry feed are a source of significant economic loss to poultry producers. Molds adversely influence performance of animals by altering the nutrient composition of feed ingredients, decreasing the efficiency of nutrient utilization, and by producing toxic secondary metabolites. This work was carried out to study the role of locally available herbal plant extracts such as Azadirachta indica, Cynodon dactylon and Curcuma longa in counteracting the effects of experimental aflatoxicosis in laying Japanese quail by feeding them with diets containing aflatoxin at 1.5 and 3 ppm levels for a period of six weeks.

1 table, 9 ref

002427   Juhie Rani;Sharma S;Chauhan D K;Reena Rani; Lal S S (Biotechnology Dep, I. T. S. Paramedical College, Muradnager, Ghaziabad-201 001) : Immunohaematological alteration with acute cadmium toxicity in white leg horn chicks. J expl Zool 2009, 12(1), 163-5.

Cadmium is one of the most widespread, non-degradable, metallic pollutants. It could be the cause of direct loss of animals, industrial production of meat, leather, medicine and wool. It brings changes in host resistance and immune response. W.L.H. chicks were treated with acute sublethal dose of cadmium acetate. Chicks were dissected at 5th,7th,15th,30th days of the treatment, Haematological parameters are closely related with blood; hence any change in the immune response would also induced alterations in the blood. So haematological parameters like lib, RBC, TLC, PCV, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocytes and eosinophils, MCV, MCH, MCHC were calculated by the standard techniques to overcome the problem by acute cadmium toxicity as abdominal pain, diarrohea and loss of consciousness etc. for animal welfare.

1 table, 11 ref

002426   Johri R;Johri P K (Zoology Dep, D.A.V. College, Kanpur-208 001) : Hypolipidemic action of polyherbal preparation in hypercholesterolemic (HCD) fed albino rats. J appl Zool Res 2009, 20(1), 73-6.

The polyherbal mixture of six plant extracts in powder form containing 1.0 g of each extract viz., Andrographis paniculata Nees., Tephrosia purpurea (Linn.) Pers., Pueraria tuberosa DC., Crataeva nurvala Buck. Ham., Ricinus communis Linn, and Phylanthus niruri Linn., total prepared quantity was 6.0 g. The effect of polyherbal preparation was studied on the serum and liver cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels in rats fed (25.25 mg/kg body weight) hypercholesterolemic diet (HCD) containing 1% cholesterol and 0.2% cholic acid (obtained from BDH Chemicals Ltd.). Four groups of 4 weeks old rats were fed control diet, hypercholesterolemic diet (HCD), HCD + 125 mg/kg body polyherbal mixture or HCD + 250 mg/kg b. wt. for 6 weeks. Addition of polyherbal mixture in HCD diet showed a significant reduction not only in serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels but also in liver total cholesterol, lipid and triglyceride contents compared to the animals fed HCD alone. Histological examination of organs of these experimental animals showed severe fatty vacuolation in liver and signet ring type vacuolation in kidney of rats fed HCD. Polyherbal mixture showed ameliorating effect on these abnormalities. The animals fed polyherbal mixture in HCD also showed increased bile and sterol excretion in faeces compared to rats fed HCD alone. Polyherbal preparation showed significant hypocholesterolemia in rats probably by enhancing the catabolism of cholesterol and reducing the absorption of dietary cholesterol.

5 ref

002425   Jadhav A S;Padgaonkar A S (Zoology Dep, ICLES MJ College, Vashi, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, Email: readersmailbox@rediff.com) : Light microscopic study of parathyroid and ultimobranchial glands of the freshwater turtle Lessemys Punctata granusa. J Endocr Reprod 2009, 13(1), 45-7.

The fresh-water turtle Lessemys punctata granusa, possess two pairs of parathyroid glands. The anterior or rostral parathyroid are generally embedded in the thymus tissue. The posterior parathyroids lie between the aortic arches. Each parathyroid gland is surrounded by a connective tissue capsule and is composed of elongated cell cords and follicles. This turtle possesses a single pair of ultimobranchial glands located bilaterally, which are closely associated with the posterior pair of parathyroid glands. The ultimobranchial glands possess cells arranged in the form of follicles around a central lumen of varied sizes.

4 illus, 22 ref

002424   Gupta S;Singh R (Zoology Dep, Dev Samaj College for Women, Ferozepur City-152 002) : Female health and related nutritional attributes in a cross section of Punjab. J expl Zool 2009, 12(1), 41-4.

The study was undertaken to find out the dietary habits of the female section of the population between the age of 15 to 20 years in urban and rural vicinities of Ferozepur district of Punjab. A group of college students mainly from science stream was selected. After several rounds of discussions a questionnaire was prepared and distributed among the students. Each student filled up the questionnaire and returned it to the team. After coding, tabulating and analyzing it was found that 60% of the girls skip their meals daily, because they often find hard to find time for meal in their busy schedule. About 70% of the girls prefer cold drinks, which is a matter of concern. They eat snacks regularly as a substitute of their food. On the whole eating pattern is satisfactory in the urban vicinities but the level of awareness among students of rural vicinities is poor as compare to the urban. So there is a need to make these aware about their nutritional attribute.

8 tables, 9 ref

002423   George S (Basic Sciences Dep, Botswana Agriculture College, P. Bag Gaborone, Botswana-0027) : Curative effect of the methanol extract of Ocimum basilicum Linn. (Meob) on ethanol induced toxicity in wistar rats. J appl Zool Res 2009, 20(2), 169-73.

The curative effect of methanol extract of Ocimum basilicum on ethanol induced hepatotoxicity was studied on albino rats, Wistar strain. The results showed significant increase in lipid peroxidative indices in EC groups when compared to NC group but did not show any significant difference with any of the EX groups. Same was the case with all the other parameters checked clearly indicated that the extract could restore the antioxidant status to almost normal condition. Based on these findings, it was concluded that methanol extract of the test plant was effective naturally occurring antioxidant which can be used to repair the damage caused by ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity.

3 tables, 18 ref

002422   Gawande M R;Ganaie J A;Ramtake A;Shrivastava V K (Biosciences Dep, Barkatullah Univ, Bhopal-462 026) : Carbendazim induced histopathological changes in testis and epidiymis and some enzyme activities in testis of Rattus rattus. J expl Zool 2009, 12(1), 153-6.

Twenty adult male Rattus rattus were divided into two groups of ten each. Group I, served as control, fed with rats feed and water ad libitum. While group II received a daily dose i.e. 300mg/0.5ml/100g b.wt. of carbendazim [methyl-benzimidazole carbamate (MBC), a known reproductive toxicant] orally through canula for 15 and 30 days and their body weight, GSI alongwith histopathological and some enzymological studies were observed in testis and epididymis. Testicular histoarchitecture revealed atrophied seminiferous tubules with less number of spermatozoa after 15 days of carbendazim exposed animals as compared to control. These atrophied changes were more conspicuous with irregular seminiferous tubules and increased interstial spaces were noticed after 30 days of carbendazim exposures. In connection to this epididymis also showed vacoulation and less number of spermatozoa in the luman after 15 days of carbendazim exposure. However, more sever degenerative changes in epithelial layer with very less number of spermatozoa was noticed in later part of the experiment. Besides this, it has been also noticed that carbendazim lowered testicular ACP and ALP enzymes levels after 30 days exposures. Alterations in histopathological changes in the testis and epididymis suggested that the androgen deprivation after carbendazim exposures. These results also conclude that the carbendazim has deleterious effects on the testis and epididymis of male Rattus rattus. Carbendazim may effects directly on the organs or through hypothalamo-hypophysial gonadal axis.

9 illus, 25 ref

002421   Gautam S;Singh A K;Gautam R D (Zoology Dep, Delhi Univ, New Delhi-110 005, Email: sudhida@gmail.com) : Comparative life table analysis of chrysopids reared on Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley in laboratory. J biol Control 2009, 23(4), 393-402.

Life tables of two chrysopid predators, viz., Chrysoperla sp. (carnea-group) and Mallada desjardinsl (Navas) on the invasive mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (also reported as P. solani), were prepared in the laboratory to determine the efficacy of the predators as biocontrol agents of the pest. The rate of mortality (q_x) during 0-7 days age interval was higher in Chrysoperla sp. (car®ea-group) (0.28) than in M. desjardinsl (0.22) while it was reverse during 70-77 days age interval when reared on P. solenopsis. In fact, q_x was higher in M. desjardinsl (2.50) than in Chrysoperla sp. (carwea-group) (0.00). The rate of multiplication per day was 0.1159 and 0.1414 females / female for Chrysoperla sp. (carnea-group) and M. desjardlnsl, respectively. The intrinsic rate of increase (r_m) was found to be 0.11 for both the predators. Chrysoperla sp. (carnea-group) population multiplied 62.80 times in a generation time of 35.72 days on the mealybug, whereas M. desjardinsi multiplied 67.12 times in a time period of 29.75 days. Life table assays help in estimating the total number of the natural enemies to be released in biological control programmes. This study would be of paramount importance in estimating the total number of the natural enemies to be released in biological control programmes against the mealybug, which is exotic.

1 illus, 4 tables, 33 ref

002420   Gaur A;Mohan D;Choudhary D (Zoology Dep, Jai Narain Vyas Univ, Jodhpur-342 005, Email: anna_gaur@yahoo.co.in) : Avian diversity around Jajiwal pond-a natural wetland. Ecol Envir Conserv 2009, 15(1), 93-8.

Wetlands support a vast variety of faunal diversity by providing them suitable habitat, along with food and water. Avifauna hold a significant place in a wetland ecosystem thus an attempt has been made to assess the avian diversity around Jajiwal wetland. Sixty two species of birds were observed during 2004-05, belonging to 26 families namely- Podicipedidae, Phalacrocoracidae, Ardeidae, Charadriidae, Upupidae, Corvidae, Columoidae, Phasianidae, Psittacidae, Muscicapidae, Ploceidae, Rallidae, Sturnidae, Pteroclididae, Pycononotidae, Meropidae, Anatidae, Recuvirostridae, Accipitridae, Alcedinidae, Nectariniidae, Gruidae, Cuculidae, Turdinae, Dicruridae and Scolopacidae. The Dominant families of resident waterbirds were Phalacrocoracidae, Ardeidae, Charadriidae. The area in the close vicinity was dominated by family Columbidae, Psittacidae, along with the resident birds, migratory birds such as Grus virgo (Gruidae) also appeared at the wetland during mid October and stayed here up to mid February. These migratory birds inhibited the wetland area for winter months and showed local diurnal migration. All these birds depend up on wetland flora and fauna along with the nearby crop fields for their food. Anthropogenic activities are on their peak around the studied site, thus affecting the advent of Avifauna.

1 table, 26 ref

002419   Chougale T M;Sathe T V (Zoology Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur-416 004) : Mating behaviour in Apanteles baoris Wilkinson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an internal parasitoid of Chapra mathias fabriceous (Lepidoptera: Hesperiideae). J expl Zool 2009, 12(1), 65-7.

Mating behaviour in Apanteles baoris Wilkinson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an internal parasitoid of Chopra mathias Fab. was studied under laboratory conditions (24 ± 1°C, 55-60% R.H., 12 hr photoperiod). Mating behaviour consists of chain of events viz. attraction, recognition, orientation, wing fanning or vibration, mounting, antennation, copulation and post copulatory grooming. Mating occurred at day time and copulation lasted for 2-5 minutes. Males were polygamous and females were monogamous.

13 ref

002418   Chopra G;Kandhwal S;Parmesh Kumar;Rai D;Gupta S K (Zoology Dep, Kurukshetra Univ, Kurukshetra-136 119) : Food preference behaviour of Rattus rattus L. infesting poultry farms. J expl Zool 2009, 12(1), 107-11.

The study was designed to investigate food preference behaviour of Rattus rattus infesting poultry fram. The preference was studied by offering five foods namely cracked wheat, wheat flour, cracked maize, poultry feed and fish meal to rate under no-choice, bi-choice and multi-choice feeding trials. Significant (P<60>0.05) differences were recorded in daily intake of different foods in no-choice feeding trials. The average daily intake of different foods was recorded to be 4.20 to 12.80 g/100 g of body wt. Taste and texture of food were found to influence the feeding response of R. rattus. The addition of additives (sugar and groundnut oil) significantly enhanced the palatabilify of the test foods in bi-choice feeding trials. In multi-choice feeding trials the five foods were eaten in the following order of preference; cracked maize <62> cracked wheat <62> wheat flour <62> poultry feed <62> fish meal. Furthermore, in multi-choice feeding test, M. rattus Appeared to establish a particular order of preference of foods on the first day of feeding itsellf and that was maintained on the subsequent days by daily exploration and sampling of all foods. The present findings indicated that cracked food should be used as a bait base for controlling R. rattus in roultry farme either using poison bait in protected bait boxes.

3 illus, 3 tables, 29 ref

002417   Chaturvedi P;Kwape T;George S (Biological Science Dep, Botswana Univ, Gabarone, Botswana) : Effects of Sida rhombifolia water extract on oral glucose tolerance and lipid profile in diabetic rats. J appl Zool Res 2009, 20(2), 161-7.

In this study, water extract of whole plant of Sida rhombifolia has been administered to diabetic rats to assess the long term effect of the extract on lipid profile and the oral glucose tolerance test. Every oral administration of the plant extract for 30 days showed a significant decrease in triglyceride, low density lipoprotein and significant increase in high density lipoprotein level. A significant improvement in the oral glucose tolerance compared to the diabetic rats has also been noted. The effect was more pronounced when the test was done in rats fed the extract on the day of the test compared to test done in rats which were not fed on extract on the same day. Lipid lowering effect of the extract might be due to its free radical scavenging properties.

7 illus, 10 ref