009701   Athithan S;Ramanathan N;Ramadhas V (NO, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi-8, South) : Biotransformation of nutritive elements in integrated fish/pig farming system. Aquacult 2009, 10(1), 105-11.

Experiments were carried out to investigate the bio-transformation efficiency of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus into fish production in fish/pig integrated system particularly in hard water seasonal ponds. With respect to biotransformation efficiency (%) of three nutritive elements from organic manure and feed, the carbon (70.67%) and phosphorus (62.86%) contributed the highest percentage of biotransformation in control pond. However, nitrogen (28.95%) was observed to be more effectively bio-transformed in treatment pond.

2 tables, 22 ref

009700   Ankathi M R;Piska R S (Zoology Dep, Univ College of Science, Osmania Univ, Hyderabad-500 007) : Zooplankton diversity in a tilapia-dominated perennial tank, Julur, Nalgonda district. Aquacult 2009, 10(1), 11-16.

Deals with the zooplankton diversity in a Tilapia-dominated perennial tank situated at, Julur, Nalgonda District, Andhra Pradesh during 3 years from 2005-06 to 2007-08. The water-spread area of the tank is 14.06 ha, is in eutrophic stage and dominated by Tilapia, Oreochramis mossambicus (61.04%). The zooplankton was represented by rotifera, cladocera, copepoda and ostracoda, out of which rotifera was dominated. The zooplankton was represented by 26 genera in the tank, out of which 8 genera of rotifera, 5 genera of copepoda, 12 genera of cladocera and one genus of ostracoda were found. The rotifer, Brachionus was dominated among zooplankton in the tank Rotifers dominated with 74.21%, followed by copepoda (17.27%), cladocera (4.90%) and ostracoda (3.63%) during the study period.

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009699   Akhil Thomas A;Juby A;Anand J;Rahuman S (PG & Research Zollogy Dep, Fatima Mata National College, Kollam-691 001, Email: jas_ann70007@yahoo.com) : Immunomodulatory potentials of Emblica officinalis fruit extract on Oreochromis mossambicus. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2009, 29(1), 23-31.

Immunomodulatory effect of E. officinalis fruit, on the non-specific immune response of Oreochromis mossambicus, was investigated. The fish feed was modified by mixing 0.1 gm of extract with 100gms of commercial feed at the following rate 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.5%. The experimental set up consisted of 15 fish per test dose. Simultaneously, set of control fishes were cultured by giving normal feed. Biochemical, haematological and immunological parameters were studied at termination of the practical i.e. 03 weeks and 06 weeks from commencement. Elevated level of total erythrocyte count, total leucocyte count and haemoglobin content account for the high metabolic activity. An elevated level of serum glucose is an indication of better immunomodulatory expression. An increase of protein and glycogen content in various tissue and decrease of protein content in blood is also recorded. A dose dependent steady rise in the serum IgG level indicates the immunomodulatory effect of the treatments. IgG level is an index of nonspecific immune response in vertebrate.

6 illus, 6 tables, 20 ref

009698   Agwuocha S;Kulkarni B G;Pandey A K (Zoology Dep, Thakur College of Science & Commerce, Kandivali (East), Mumbai-400 101, Email: akpandey_cifa@yahoo.co.in) : Acute toxicity of xylene, benzene and as well as mobile oil-WSF to clam, Gafrarium divaricatum (Gmelin). J appl Biosci 2009, 35(2), 146-9.

Bioassay tests for the petroleum hydrocarbons (xylene and benzene) and oils (gear and mobile) were carried out in the Intertidal clam, Gafrarium divarication for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The oil used was in the form of water soluble fraction (WSF). The bivalves responded immediately to xylene, benzene and WSFs of mobile and gear oil by closing their shell valves which remained tightly closed for 2-6 h depending on the concentration and type of the pollutant. Later on, the clams partially opened their shell valves. Mucous secretion was more pronounced in the bivalves exposed to xylene and gear oil-WSF. The sticky mucous was seen along the margin of the mantle. Xylene was found more toxic than benzene and gear oil-WSF more toxic than mobile oil-WSF.

1 table, 35 ref

008684   Yadav S K;Pratibha Kumari;Paul D K (Zoology Dep, Panta Univ, Patna-800 005) : Acute toxic effects of parathion on leucocytes of an air breathig fish Clarias batrachus. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(4), 609-14.

Deals with the toxic effect of a common insecticide parathion on total and differential count of an air-breathing fish Clarias batrachus. In four different concentrations (2 ppm, 4 ppm, 6 ppm and 8 ppm, of parathion for 96 hrs to Clarias batrachus, a gradual and significant increase in total leucocytes with parathion concentrations was observed. Total percentage of lymphocytes showed marked increase in all the test animals exposed to different concentrations of the toxicant. Significant decrease in neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils and monocytes were also observed in parathion exposed animals.

6 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

008683   Walia G K (Zoology Dep, Punjabi Univ, Patiala, Punjab) : Impact of industrial effluent on moulting and emergence in the larvae of damselfly Ceriagrion coromandelianum (Fabricius)(Odonata : Zygoptera : Coenagrionidae). Natn J Life Sci 2009, 6(1), 99-102.

Antipenultimate and penultimate larval instars of Ceriagrion coromandelianum were reared in effluent free medium. The antipenultimate larvae required 32 days to become adult and penultimate larvae needed 9 days to become final instars. In sub lethal concentration of industrial effluent the moulting is arrested and all the antipenultimate larvae died in 25-32 days, while in case of penultimate larvae, all of them died within 15 days. However, few of them exhibited incomplete moulting but died without eclosion on the same day. Rate of oxygen consumption and various biochemical constituents in the tissues were decreased significantly in the effluent treated larvae. These could be the probable cause for the mortality of larvae under the toxicity of industrial effluent. As industrial effluent inhibits moulting thus juvenomimetic action could be attributed to it.

2 tables, 15 ref

008682   Venkatraman C;Jothinayagam J T;Raghunathan C; Krishnamoorthy P;Sivaleela G;Manimekalan A (Marine Biological Station, Zoological Survey of India, 130, Santhome High Road, Chennai-600 028, Email: cvramanmbs@yahoo.com) : Occurrence of white suckerfish Remorina albescens on the south-east coast of India. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2008, 105(3), 348-9.

1 table, 8 ref

008681   Tripathi M;Pandey A K;Pouranik M;Dixit M (Zoology Dep, Mata Gujri Women's College, Jabalpur, (M.P.)) : Effect of some important insects for the management of hazardous weed Lantana at Jabalpur. Life Sci Bull 2009, 6(1), 91-4.

Lantana camera is an aggressive weed capable of suppressing or eliminating the native vegetation to a greater extent. The weed is creating an acute problem for the local people as it is interrupting their daily life by spreading in each and every place occupied by them. Some important insect species used as biocontrol agents for Lantana, were reared and released at regular intervals are Teleonemia scrupulosa the lace bug and Leptobyrsa decora, Tinid bug. The gall fly-Asphondalia lantanae was also released in some places to see the conditional response. Eggs were deposited under moist leaves in plastic boxes and in cages. The eggs are minute, measuring 0.5 mm to 1 mm and were deposited in groups averaging about 300 to 450 eggs in the plastic boxes. In about 12+_.2 days eggs hatch and emerging larvae are highly active and mobile, First instar larvae feeds on weed extremely after exposure to the plants changes into other instar. Late instar larvae, pupate finally in a soft plant tissue and newly emerged adults are active and highly mobile. The entire life cycles took about 100 to 120 days in summer. The initial effect of its feeding on Lantana was the yellowish or brownish discoloration and stunted growth in the shoot apex. Initially it gave shriveling appearance of the weed as if starved in adverse climatic condition. This was followed by curling up, blighting and falling of leaves resulting in a burnt appearance. The flowers and fruits dropped and maturity of fruits delayed. Finally the upper shoot died and with the onset of rains, newer leaves emerged from the lower parts which were again attacked. The injuriousness of the insect attack to Lantana was obvious and very significant.

4 illus, 8 ref

008680   Sundaravadivelan C;Sevarkodiyone S P (Zoology Dep, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College, Sivakasi-626 124) : Regional and periodical variability of mosquitoes in selected rural area of Virudhunagar district, Tamil Nadu, India. Oikoassay 2008, 21(1-2), 39-44.

Biodiversity of mosquitoes, an economically important group of insects, has been studied from Attikulam - Sengulam Panchayat of Srivilliputtur taluk, Tamil Nadu, India. They cause number of diseases to men, mostly in the tropics, causing illness and death on a large scale. In the present study, twelve species of mosquitoes belong to four genera have been recorded. These included two species of Aedes, five species from Anopheles, one species of Armigeres and four of Culex. Anopheles subpictus, Armigeres subalbatus and Culex quinquefasciatus were the most diversified group of mosquitoes in all the regions of the study area.

5 illus, 4 tables, 10 ref

008679   Srivastava S;Dwivedi A C;Mayank P (Zoology Dep, S S Khanna Girls, Cegree Colege, Allahabad (U.P.)) : Sex structure and sex ratio of Labeo calbasu (Hamilton) from the tributary of Ganga river system. Life Sci Bull 2009, 6(1), 67-70.

The specimen was collected at random during the months of December,2006 to November, 2007 from the Gomti river at Sultanpur. The fishes varying between the 1+ to 8+ age groups. The sex structure of male was higher than female in first two years 1+ (54.7%) and 2+ (52.03%) age groups while female was higher than male in 3+,4+,5+,6+,7+ and 8+ age groups. In the stock sex ratio of female was higher than male (1.1:1.0). However, the difference was statistically non-significant (P<60>0.05) except 4+ age group. The maximum chi-square value recorded in 4+ age groups and difference was significant.

1 table, 24 ref

008678   Srinvas G;Bhupathy S;Madhivanan A (NO, Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatti (PO), Coimbatore-641 108, Email: sriniherp@gmail.com) : Occurrence of Salea anamallayana Beddome, 1878 in high wavy mountains, western ghats, India. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2008, 105(3), 341-2.

1 illus, 3 ref

008677   Smetacek P (NO, Jones Estate, Bhimtal, Nainital-263 136, Email: peter@himagni.com) : Motion camouflage and spinning wheels. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2008, 105(3), 351-4.

3 ref

008676   Sinha B;Sharma R C (NO, G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment & Development, North East Unit, Itanagar-791 113, Email: sinhabj@rediffmail.com) : Records of eryx Johnii (Russell, 1801) (Ophidia : Boidae) and Echis carinatus (Schneider, 1801) (Ophidia : Viperidae) from the Thar desert, Rajasthan, Inida, with distributional notes on other snakes. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2008, 105(3), 342-3.

1 table, 2 ref

008675   Singhal S (Zoology Dep, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati Univ, Amravati, Maharashtra) : Structural coloration by bio-optical nanostructures in butterfly wings. Biosci Biotechnol Res Communs 2008, 1(2), 156-62.

Correlation between structural colour and scale morphology of butterfly scales has been investigated in the present study. The arrangement of scales on the blue spot of the wings has been studied at 20 μm magnification. The 2D Fourier analysis of the butterfly scales of Papilio demoleus showed an array of elliptical or circular air spaces (microcells). They showed either oval/circular distributions of Fourier power. The homogeneity and energy values are found to be positively exponential during the analysis. The digital SEM micrographs of structurally coloured butterfly scales were analyzed using the matrix algebra program MATLAB (Version R2008a); on a IBM computer. Thus from the present observations of SEM images, it is inferred that the nanostructures in butterfly scales are responsible for structural colour production. Further the arrangement of nanostructures in butterfly scales is so typical and accurate that it forms a low pass filter protecting the butterflies from low frequency rays from sunlight. The nanostructure arrangement in scales is natures' own creation of several years and has evolutionary value. It is suggested that if cotton fibres are manufactured with the same arrangement like that in butterfly scales, human population can have the protection from low frequency wavelengths from sunlight.

1 table, 4 illus, 19 ref

008674   Simlai T;Punjabi G (NO, , B-1, Phase 2, Tushar Gardens, Aundh Camp, Pune-411 027, Email: trishantismlai@gmail.com) : First record of merlin Falco columbarius Pallidus from Maharashtra, India. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2008, 105(3), 337.

7 ref

008673   Shashi A;Neetika S;Sharma N (Zoology Dep, Punjab Univ, Patiala-147 002) : Cytochemical alterations in pancreas of fluoride intoxicated rat. Biosci Biotechnol Res Communs 2008, 1(2), 143-6.

Sprague Dawley albino rats were given sodium fluoride subcutaneously as 30, 45, and 75 mg NaF/kg bw/day for 36 days to study cytochemical changes in glycogen and phospholipids of pancreas. The glycogen showed uniform distribution in exocrine and endocrine cells of control rats. The level of glycogen in the exocrine glands, islets of Langerhans and intercaleted ducts exhibited marked elevation In all test rats. The intensity of phospholipids in control rats revealed uniform distribution in exocrine glands, islets cells and interlobular connective tissue. There was abnormal accumulation of phospholipids in all cellular components of pancreas in fluoridated rats.

9 illus, 14 ref

008672   Shashi A;Neetika B (Zoology Dep, Punjabi Univ, Patiala-147 002) : Neuropathological changes in cerebellum of rat in experimental fluorosis. Biosci Biotechnol Res Communs 2008, 1(2), 128-31.

The neuropathological effect of fluoride on cerebellum of rat was assessed during experimental fluorosis. NaF at 30, 45 and 75 mg/kg bw/day was injected subcutaneously for 20 and 35 days into 60 Sprague Dawley albino rats of both sexes. After 20 and 35 consecutive days of exposure to fluoride, chromatolysis occurred in Purkinje neurones and adenocarcinomatous islands having highly degenerative areas with pyknotic cells and neurones with globose type tangle inside the perikaryon was observed in the cerebellar cortex of experimental rats. Hypertrophy of neurones in the granular layer while atrophy of neurones in molecular cell layer was observed. The neuroglial cells showed more advanced disorganization with retention of only a small portion of vacuolated neuroplasm along with disintegrated nuclei in brain of rats treated with 75 mg NaF/kg bw/day for 35 days. In Purkinje cell layer, the nucleus size has Increased while in granular cells, the nucleus become dot like in appearance.

9 tabels, 14 ref

008671   Shashi A;Grewal S;Bhardwaj M (Zoology Dep, Punjabi Univ, Patiala-147 002) : Effect of floride intoxication on spermatogenesis in rat. Biosci Biotechnol Res Communs 2008, 1(2), 121-7.

Study was undertaken to evaluate testicular damage in experiment fluorosis. Fifty five Sprague-Dawley male albino rats were divided into nine experimental groups and one control group. The control animals were given double distilled water 1cc/kg bw/day subcutaneously. The experimental groups were given 30, 45, and 75 mg sodium fluoride/kg bw/day for 30 days. The experimental groups were divided into three phases at the interval of 7, 17, and 30 days. Animals were sacrificed from each group at the end of 8, 18, and 31 days. Pathological examination of testis revealed, reduction in number of tubular cells in Group I, focal areas of necrosis and subsequent increase in interstitial tissues in Group II, formation of multinucleated giant cells, shrinkage of seminiferous tubules in Group III, fusion of spermatids and presence of dark pyknotic nuclei in Group IV, loosening of disintegrating germinal epithelium in Group V, and atrophy of cells, thickening of germinal epithelium in Group VI. The intensity of hypertrophy of seminiferous tubules had increased in Group VII, cell infiltration occurred in interstitium and nuclei were scattered in necrotic region of tubules in Group VIII, Leydig cells increased in size and the amount of interstitial tissue was found to be elevated in Group IX.

1 table, 11 illus, 18 ref

008670   Saravanan R (Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology Dep, R.K.M. Vivekananda College, Chennai-600 004) : Lambda cyhalothrin induced changes in protein metabolism of various tissues in freshwater catfish Clarias batrachus. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(4), 579-84.

The study was undertaken to find out the effect of synthetic pyrethroid lambda cyhalothrin in liver, muscle, gills, kidney, testis and seminal vesicle of freshwater catfish Clarias batrachus. The fish were exposed to the pesticide for a period of 45 days at a sublethal concentration of 5.768 ppm. Biochemical analysis of total proteins and total free amino acids was carried out on the 15th, 30th and 45th day of exposure to find out changes in the biochemical constituents due to toxic stress caused to the fish. The results showed a significant decline in total proteins in all the tissues during different days of exposure to lambda cyhalothrin, while total free amino acids showed an increase in liver, kidney and testis, and a reverse trend in muscle, gills and seminal vesicle.

2 tables, 36 ref

008669   Santhi S (Biological Science Dep, Institute of Advanced Study in Education, Saidapet, Chennai-600 015) : Variations in the levels of carbohydrate components in different alary forms of water striders (Heteroptera : gerridae). J Ecobiol 2008, 22(3), 217-21.

Variations in the carbohydrates of different alary forms of adult male and female water striders, Neogerris parvulus Stal), Limnogonous fossa rum fossa rum Fabricius and Limnogonous nitidus Mayr (Heteroptera: Gerridae) was studied using ascending paper partition chromatography method. In all the selected species the apterous forms have more or less a similar amount (20-23.1 %) of total sugar as that macropterous forms (21.9-25.2%). The macropterous forms have higher free sugar (60.8-82%), but lower bound sugar contents (18-39.2%), whereas the apterous forms have higher bound sugars (51.3-62.5%), but lower free sugars (37.5-48.7%) in these three species. Presence of Trehalose as free sugar is considered as the characteristic of macropterous forms of water striders.

1 table, 18 ref

008668   Sakthivel P;Neelanarayanan P (P.G. and Resrarch, Zoology Dep, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti-621 007, Email: sakthivel_582@yahoo.co.in) : Burrow structure of Indian bush rat Golunda ellioti and brown spiny mouse Mus platythrix in Tiruchirappalli district, Tamilnadu. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2008, 105(3), 329-32.

2 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

008667   Rukhsanna A;Chishti M Z;Rehana (Post Graduate Zoology Dep, The University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190 005, Email: rukhsan_sidig@yahoo.co.in) : Cestode parasite: Bothriocephalus acheilognathi of some freshwater fishes from river Jhelum, Kashmir, India. Indian J appl pure Biol 2009, 24(1), 211-15.

Three hundred and eighty three fish belonging to five species of Schizothorax Viz., Schizothorax niger, Schizothorax esocinus, Schizothorax curvifrons. Schizothorax plagiostomus and Schizothorax labiatus from River Jhelum, Kashmir, India were examined for Bothriocephalus acheilognathi Pseudophyllidean cestode. The least infection in terms of prevalence was found in S. piagiostomus (8. 19) followed by S. labiatus (8.21) and S. niger (8.98). On the other hand highest prevalence was found in S. curvifrons (12.96) followed by S. esocinus (11.53). But when we see to the mean intensity different picture comes in view with highest mean intensity in S. niger (20) followed by S. curvifrons (18.0) and S. esocinus (14.8) and least mean intensity found in S. labiatus (2.8) and S. plagiostomus (5.6). The occurrence of same parasite in all the examined five species of Schizothorax may be indicative of similar diets, feeding habits patterns amongst the freshwater fishes. But at the same time the difference that lies in the rate of mean intensity and prevalence of Bothriocephalus acheilognathi among the fishes at the same site of river Jhelum throughout the study period may be due to the physicochemical factors of the water body and the nature of diet that may influence the frequency and intensity of helminthes infections. Further studies are required to establish the diverse factors that influence the prevalence of gastro intestinal helminthes, consequent pathogenicity and the economic loss associated with reduced fish growth and mortality has yet to be quantified.

1 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

008666   Raju Vyas (NO, , 505, Krishnadeep Tower, Mission Road, Fatehgunj, Vadodara 2, Gujarat, Email: razoovyas@hotmail.com) : Discussion on the snake fauna of Gujarat state with some notable records. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2008, 105(3), 344-7.

20 ref

008665   Raghunathan C (Zoological Survey of India, Andaman and Nicobar Regional Station, Haddo, Port Blair-744 102) : Ocenanic zooplankton in the continental slope of andaman waters of Bay of Bengal. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(4), 615-26.

The biomass, density, diversity and distribution of oceanic zooplankton were studied from 25 stations along the continental slope of Andaman waters of Bay of Bengal during February to March 2007. A total of 68 species of zooplankton belonging to 56 genera and 16 groups were recorded from the waters of the continental slope. The biomass of zooplankton in terms of dry weight ranged from 792-2828mg/100m^{3 while volume and numerical density varied from 8.1-16.2 mL/100m3 and 19240-47223 Nos./100m3 respectively. Copepods were the dominant group in all the stations of study. The results obtained for the physico-chemical parameters of seawater are also discussed.}

3 illus, 4 tables, 18 ref

008664   Purve S;Singh C B;Saha M P (Zoology Dep, R.K. College, Madhubani, (Bihar)) : Eye muscles and myodomes of a fresh water siluroid fish, Mystus aor (Ham.). Natn J Life Sci 2009, 6(1), 75-9.

Eyeball in fishes is a spherical structure suspended by a series of ligaments in the bony orbit ana is movable by means of co-ordinated action of six-extrinsic ocular muscles. The extrinsic muscles on the outside of the eyeball rotate it within the ocular orbit to direct the eyes gaze at objects of interest. The extrinsic eye muscles originates from the walls of the orbit and inserted on the outer surface of the eyeball. The space of the orbit is fdled with fatty connective tissue. Their attachments allowed rotation to the desired positions. Out of the six-eye muscles, four arise temporally from the orbit and run diverging to their insertion points around the equator of the eyeball. The remaining two muscles usually arise from the anterior region of the orbit in the ethmoidal region of the skull and are inserted on the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the eyeball. The present paper deals with form and functions of eye muscles and myodomes of a fresh water Siluroid fish, Mystus aor.

3 illus, 34 ref

008663   Prasad B B;Roy M K;Sinha A P (Industrial Fish and Fisheries Dep, S.N.S. College, Mothihari, Bihar) : Metallic salt intoxication on blood parameters of two fishes, Channa gachua and Channa reba. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(4), 743-8.

The values of haematocrit, haemoglobin and erythrocytes percentage of untreated Channa gachua in 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr of exposure were in the range of 42.38 to 42.79; 13.95 to 14.35; 3.14 to 3.52, and that of Channa reba, in the range of 42.63 to 43.75; 13.95 to 14.72 and 3.18 to 3.65 respectively. After treatment with two metallic salts i.e., CuSO₄ and K₂Cr₂O₇ in different concentrations at these exposures these parameters exhibited a of range of 40.12'to 41.2 and 40.25 to 42.25 (haematocrit); 14.12 to 14.84 and 13.89 to 14.25 (haemoglobin) and 3.06 to 3.26 and 3.05 to 3.22 (erythrocytes) in case of C. gachua while the values were 41.85 to 42.00 and 41.25 to 42.87 (haematocrit); 14.12 to 14.65 and 14.01 to 14.65 (haemoglobin) and 3.10 to 3.55 and 3.12 to 3.62 (erythrocytes) respectively in case of C. reba.

4 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

008662   Pradip Kumar;Gupta Y C;Tiwari V;Tiwari S (Zoology Dep, B.S.A. College, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh) : Monographic study of fresh water fish, Cirrhinus mrigala. Life Sci Bull 2009, 6(1), 45-6.

Describes the monographic study of Cirrhinus mrigala obtained from local fish ponds of Mathura (U.P.).

4 ref

008661   Peer F U;Tufani N A;Wani S A;Ansari M M;Hfiz A (Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Div, Medicine FVSc & AH, Shuhama, Alusteng, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir) : Epidemiology and clinicotherapeutic management of sheep pox in crossbred sheep. Prog Res 2008, 3(2), 194.

^ssc4 ref

008660   Paul J;Sebastian H;Inasu N D;Joshi C O (Fisheries Research Laboratory, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Christ College, Irinjalakuda-680 125, Email: jencypul@yahoo.com) : Sexual dimorphism in 'Spotted scat'-Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus). J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2008, 105(3), 349-51.

2 tables, 8 ref

008659   Patil S V;Singh H (NO, College of Fisheries, (Dr. B. S. Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth), Ratnagiri-415 629, Email: sandeshpatill7@gmail.com) : Burrowing behavior of venerid clam Paphia malbarica. Indian J appl pure Biol 2009, 24(1), 35-8.

Paphia malbarica burries itself by fanning sediment particles backwards with foot movement and simultaneously moving downwards into substratum with umbo. Average maximum and minimum burrowing depths recorded were 4.1 ± 1.15 and 5 ± 1.0 cm and 1.2 ±.1.59 and 2.7.±.0.95 cm for Kalbadevi and Mirya sediments respectively. At the end of one hour of stocking, 40.67 and 33.33 per cent clams were buried in Kalbadevi and Mirya sediment respectively. All the clams were burried at the end 000 and 36 hours of stocking in Kalbadevi and Mirya sediment respectively.

3 tables, 3 ref

008658   Pardeshi M K;Vijay Kumar V;Gajera N;Ashish Kumar (NO, Gujarat Institute of Desert Ecology, Mundra Road, P.O. Box 83, Bhuj (Kachchh)-370 001, Email: manojkumarpardeshi@gmail.com) : Hardwick's spiny-tailed lizard (Uromastyx hardwickii, gray 1827) preyed on by Indian Sand boa (Eryx johnii, Rusell 1801). J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2008, 105(3), 343-4.

1 illus, 3 ref

008657   Pankaj P P;Pratap R;Verma M C (Zoology Dep, T.M. Bhagalpur Univ, Bhagalpur, (Bihar)) : Comparative study of production of c-phycocyanin from Nostoc muscorum using different methods. Life Sci Bull 2009, 6(1), 21-5.

C-phycocyanin is & major pbycobiliprotein produced by cyanobacteria but only few strains have been reported for its efficient production till date. In the present study, the production of C-phycocyanin from Nostoc muscorum, a novel isolate was experimented methods and a comparision was made between them. The phycocyanin was extracted using organic solvent, water extraction of oven-dried biomass, water extraction of lypholized biomass and pH-shock method. The obtained C-phycocyanin was then precipitated sequentially in different percentages of (NH₄)₂SO₄. The best result was obtained at 40% (NH₄)₂SO₄ Precipitated C-phycocyanin was then dissolved in minimal volume of 50 mM Tris-buffer (pH 7.5) and optical density was measured at 620 nm and 280 nm. Purified phycocyanin showed absorbance maxima at 620 nm. Crude extract showed the purity ratio (R) of 0.99, 0.83, 0.78, 0.73 whereas purity ratio (R) of 3.25, 3.1, 2.8, 2.6 was achieved after precipitation at 40% (NH₄)₂SO₄ using organic solvent, water extraction of oven dried biomass, water extraction of lypholized biomass and pH-shock method respectively. The C-phycocyanin precipitated at 40% (NH₄)₂SO₄ showed single protein band at ~124 kDa indicating the characteristic (αβ)₃ subunit assembly as it was observed in electrophoretic separation on Native gel.

1 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

008656   Neetu Singh;Paliwal A K;Mishra R;Surendra Singh;Srivastava D K (Zoology Dep, Ganjdundwara College, Ganjdundwara, Etaha, Uttar Pradesh) : Biology of leafminer Chromatomyia horticolas (Gour.) on Tropaeolum majus. Life Sci Bull 2009, 6(1), 87-90.

Chromatomyia horticola (Gour.) is a polyphagous species. The flies were reared at a temperature 10.6-20°C and relative humidity (R.H.) 72-80%. The egg is somewhat rounded and about 0.28 mm. long. The average incubation period is 1 days 1 hour to 2 days 15 hours with an average of 2 days 7 hours. The larval average period is 4 days and 2 hours. The average duration of Ist, IInd and IIIrd instars larva are 26 hours, 26 hours 8 minutes and 2 days 8 hours respectively. The total pupal period on an average is 8 days.

4 illus, 11 ref

008655   Natarajan E;Perumal P (Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai-608 502, Email: menrajan@yahoo.co.in) : Isolation and identification of antimicrobial peptide present in Gill secretions of striped goatfish, Upeneus vittatus (Forsskal, 1775). Indian J appl pure Biol 2009, 24(1), 15-20.

Study of the identification and purification of a novel antimicrobial peptide / protein in the gills of the red banded grouper, Upeneus vittatus, a teleost fish, was investigated for the purpose of using compounds of the innate immuªnity for anti-infective agents in fish pathogens and human. The 30% of acetonitrile elutes (30 μg) caused an inhibition zone with a -diameter of 0-18.4 mm depending on the salt concentration and the microbe tested. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of gill extract in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer was Beeta-sheet and random coil with glutamine as amino acid side chains. The antimicrobial activity of the protein was thermostable, remaining present even after incubation at 80°C for 10 min. It can be concluded that gill extract protein showed a strong antimicrobial activity in vitro against a broad spectrum of microorganisms without significant hemolytic activity.

2 illus, 13 ref

008654   Mustafa Shah G;Bhat B A (P.G. Zoology Dep, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190 006, Email: bilawildlife@yahoo.co.in) : Snow cover as the limiting factor affecting feeding ecology and distribution of hangul deer (Cervus elaphus hanglu Wagner) in Dachigam National Park, Kashmir. Indian J appl pure Biol 2009, 24(1), 167-70.

Winter feeding ecology of hangul deer was studied by analyzing the freshly collected pellet groups. Pellets were collected for winter months of 2005 and 2006 along eight transects in lower dachigam. Browse constituted about 73% of the diet whereas herbs were less represented and accounted for 27% of the diet only. Due to excessive cold and heavy snow-fall on the upper reaches the deer was forced to stay in lower Dachigam where browse was the dominant food source available.

1 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

008653   Mulla Y A;Kharade S V (Zoology Dep, Krishna Mahavidyalaya Rethare, Bk. Tal. Karad, Dist. Satara (M.S.)) : New cestode Senga bhauraoae N.SP. from Mastacembellus armatus at Kohlhapur, M.S., India. Life Sci Bull 2009, 6(1), 47-50.

Deals with the description of new species of genus Senga Dollfus,1934 differs from all known species of genus in many characters as in shape, size of scolex; shape, size, number and position of testes and ovary; shape, size and position of vitcllaria.

17 ref

008652   Mohite A S;Mohite S A (Fisheries Engineering Dep, College of Fisheries, Ratna-415 620, Email: ashishmohite@yahoo.com) : Effect of different dietary protein levels on growth and survival of carp spawn. Indian J appl pure Biol 2009, 24(1), 63-71.

Five formulated feeds prepared by using rice bran, groundnut oil cake, soybean powder, skimmed milk powder and fishmeal were tested to study the effect of different levels of dietary proteins at lower and higher feeding rates on 4 day old carp spawn. Feed with 23.61 % crude protein showed poor growth, while feed with 39.61 % crude protein showed better growth. The minimum values of significant difference between any two dietary proteins levels in two sets of experiments were found to be 1.36 and 1.61 at P = 0.05 level. The specific growth rate of the spawn was enhanced when it was fed on higher doses of formulated feed in all cases with feed having crude protein content of 39.56%. The survival percentage ranged from 61 % to 84% in Set-I and from 63% to 83.5% in Set-II respectively-with maximum survival rate of 84% in feed with 33.4% of crude protein. The study showed that when dietary protein level was less in the feed, more quantity of the feed was required for the growth of the spawn.

7 tables, 12 ref

008651   Mir A R;Wanganeo A;Yousuf A R;Wanganeo R (Limnology Dep, Barkatullah Univ, Bhopal-462 026) : Zooplankton community in a through flow system of Kashmir Himalayan wetland. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2008, 7(4), 627-34.

Study on zooplankton community in through flow 'Wular' wetland revealed that Rotifera were dominant in diversity while Cladocerans in density. Among Rotifera Keratella sp., Monostyla sp. and Polyarthra vulgaris were perennial, and remaining seasonal. Among Cladocerans Alona rectangula, Alona intermediata, Alonella exisa, Alonella nana, Chydorus sphaericus, Chydorus faviformis, Graptolebris testudanaria, Macrothrix spinosa, Macrothrix laticornis and Moina sp. were perennial, and remaining seasonal. The reason for their seasonal variation has been correlated with different physicochemical parameters.

4 illus, 5 tables, 20 ref

008650   Mehta S (NO, , No, 6, 3rd Floor, 'Punil', 9, Ashok Nagar Society, Mumbai-400 049, Email: mehtasa@yahoo.co.in ) : Broad-billed sandpiper Limicola falcinellus: an addition to the avifauna of India's western seaboard, South of Jamnagar area. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2008, 105(3), 338.

8 ref

008649   Magdum S;Banerjee S (Zoology Dep, K.T.H.M. College, Nashik) : Effect of of menadione on growth and metamorphosis in Dysdercus koenigii (Pyrrhocoridae : Heteroptera). Natn J Life Sci 2009, 6(1), 109-12.

Menadione (Methyl-1,4-napthoquinone) a synthetic napthoquinone was topically applied to 24 hours old fourth and fifth instar nymphs of D.koenigii in laboratory at controlled conditions. Effect on moulting and metamorphosis in these treated nymphs along with the control group were studied; and it was observed that different doses of menadione had adverse effect on development of nymphs. Doses varying from 0.2μg to l.5μg caused delayed abnormal moulting to 5th instar stage with increased inter-ecdysial period. The viability decreased linearly with increase in dosage. The newly emerged fifth instar nymphs were smaller in size with pale body colouration and flat abdomen. The wing pads developed, were of abnormal type. The LD₅₀) for fourth instar nymphs was found to be l.0lμg. Topical application of menadione to last instar nymphs prevented their moulting into normal adults. Percentage of successful moulting decreased, with increase in amount of quinone. Two to three days delayed in emergance was noted Most of the adults died while extricating the excuvia. Those which survived didn't shows the phenomenon of normal mating. The LD50 value for fifth instar nymph was found to be 1.22 μg.

2 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

008648   Kunte K;Kunhikrishnan E;Balakrishnan M; Susanth C (FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard Univ, 52 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, Email: KKunte@cgr.harvard.edu) : Status and distribution of Appias lalage butterfly (Lepidoptera : Pieridae) in the western ghats, South-Western India. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2008, 105(3), 354-7.

1 illus, 22 ref

008647   Kamble S P;Muley D V (Zoology Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur, Maharashtra) : Seasonal variations in O:N ratio of Katelysia opima from the Kalbadevi estuary, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra. Natn J Life Sci 2009, 6(1), 103-7.

In the study, the Oxygen : Nitrogen ratio (O:N ratio) was carried out in Katelysia opima of three sized groups in three seasons viz. winter, summer and monsoon. The oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion was higher in small sized individuals than medium and large ones. O:N ratio was calculated by using atomic equivalents. In K.opima O:N ratio was higher in small (73.33), followed by medium (54.85) and large (39.22) sized groups, respectively in winter season. In summer the 0:N ratio was maximum in small (119.21) followed by medium (81.41) and large (75.71) sized groups respectively. In monsoon the 0:N ratio was maximum in medium (61.53) than small (57.02) and large (49.29) sized groups, respectively.

1 table, 19 ref

008646   Jayabhaye U M;Jadhav B V (Zoology Dep, Adarsh Mahavidayalaya, Hingoli, Maharashtra) : Population dynamics of cladocerans and copepods in Sawana dam, District Hingoli (M.S.). Natn J Life Sci 2009, 6(1), 121-4.

Sawana dam is one of the minor irrigation projects in Marathwada region of Maharashtra state. It is a fresh water nutrient rich lake ecosystem. Present paper deals with the studies on population dynamics of Cladocerans and Copepods in Sawana dam located at Sawana, Hingoli district, Maharashtra during February,2005 to January,2006. In total 9 species of cladocera and 4 species of copepoda were recorded from the Sawana dam.

1 illus, 3 tables, 18 ref

008645   Hutton A F;David P (NO, Garaina Farms, 385 Scrubby Creek Road, Gympie, Queensland 4750, Australia, Email: gandah2@optusnet.com.au) : Collection of snakes from south India, with emphasis on the snake fauna of the Meghamalai hills (High wavy mountains). J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2008, 105(3), 299-316.

Deals with two collections of snakes obtained in south India by the senior author in the years 1946-48 and 1949-52 respectively. Specimens were obtained from the Meghamalai Hills, also known as the High Wavy Mountains, from the Anaimalai Hills, located in the State of Tamil Nadu, and in Wayanad district, Kerala, at the northern edge of Nilgiri Hills. A total of 39 snake species are recorded from Meghamalai Hills. This area, now mostly planted with tea, includes Cloudlands, Highwavys and Manalaar estates, the access to which is now largely restricted, still includes large untouched remnants of evergreen forest. The description of a rare Hutton's Pitviper Tropidolaemus huttoni Smith (1949) is completed on the basis of unpublished notes from the senior author.

4 illus, 6 tables, 31 ref

008644   Gogoi L;Wange P;Dutta P K;Soud R (Western Arunachal Landscape Programme, Arunachal Pradesh Field Office, World Wide Fund for Nature-Indian Dira, West Kameng Distt-790 101, Email: lohitecology@yahoo.co.in) : High-altitude records of the house crow Corvus splendens in western Arunachal Pradesh, India. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2008, 105(3), 339.

5 ref

008643   Cherian P T;Shinimol A K (Zoology Dep, Kerala Univ, Trivandrum-695 581, Email: cherian_pt07@yahoo.co.in) : New tribe and a new genus of Oscinellinae (Diptera : Chloropidae) from India. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2008, 105(3), 323-6.

New tribe, Indonellini with type genus Indonella Cherian gen. nov. of Subfamily Oscinellinae (Chloropidae) is described. Salient features and affinities of Indonella are given and the type species L. intermedia sp. nov. from Kerala is also described.

3 illus, 3 ref

008642   Chaudhary B L;Rana S (Bryology Laboratory, Botany Dep, College of Science, Mohanlal Sukhadia university, Udaipur-313 001, Email: s.rana@rediffmail.com) : Diversity of Notothylas in Banswara district (Wagad region) of Rajasthan. Indian J appl pure Biol 2009, 24(1), 73-80.

Four species belonging to single genera distributed all over the Wagad region have been collected from Banswara and Dungarpur districts of Rajasthan in fruiting as well as vegetative stages. N. levieri is the dominant species represented by maximum collection sites. All belongs to the family Notothylaceae.

2 illus, 7 ref

008641   Chatterji Anil;Kassim Z;Shahuddin H;Shaharom F (Institue of Tropical Aquaculture, University Malaysia Terengganu 21030, Malaysia) : Abundance of three species of the horseshoe crab along the coast of Malaysia. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2008, 105(3), 357-9.

1 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

008640   Chanchal Rawat;Paliwal A (P.G. Zoology Dep, Ganjdundwara P.G. College, Ganjdundwara, Etah (U.P.)) : Regenerative ability of mice lens induced by vitamin A. Life Sci Bull 2009, 6(1), 59-62.

The study deals with the effect of vitamin A on lens regeneration in 7 days old, 20 days old, 40 days old and 60 days old mice. The regeneration of a lost part in an animal frequently repeats many of the events of morphogenesis and eytodiffetentiation that characterized the development of this structure during embryonic life. The present study supports previous findings that vitamin A can induce and accelerate lens regeneration in pigmented epithelial cells (PECs) of dorsal iris not only in amphibians but also in young and adult Swiss albino mice. A longitudinal slit was made on the cornea to extract the lens. Intraperitonial injection of vitamin A (0.05 ml. of 30 IU/ml. in young and 0.05IU/ml. in adults) is given to the operated mice. Vitamin A was found to induce lens regeneration in not only young but also in adult mice. Regenerated lenses were similar in shape, size, transparency and histological features to normal intact lenses.

3 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

008639   Chakraborty T;Bhattacharjee S (Zoology Dep, Balurghat College, P.O. Balurghat, District South Dinajpur-733 101, Email: tchakravartty@gmail.com) : Ichthyofaunal diversity in the freshwater rivers of south Dinajpur district of West Bengal, India. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 2008, 105(3), 292-8.

A steady decline in fish catch per year through the past decades, and selective decline of certain prized small table fishes in the rivers of the district have not been addressed so far. This study, therefore, aims to estimate the present status of the annual fish catch of South Dinajpur district, West Bengal, with reference to the species composition of the rivers and kharis during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. In this two-year long survey, we have identified 5 orders, 6 suborders, 17 families, 11 subfamilies, 40 genera and 49 fish species and a few rarely caught species from the rivers, kharis and beels of the district.

1 illus, 7 tables, 10 ref