009751   Sharan S K;Mishra P K;Kumar D;Singh B M K; Subrahmanyam B;Suryanarayana N (Silkworm Physiol Lab, Tasar Res and Training Inst, Piska-Nagri, Ranchi-835 303, Email: shashikant.sharan@gmail.com) : Growth, development and ecdysone titre in larvae, pupae and adults of tasar silk worm Antheraea mylitta. J appl Biosci 2008, 34(1), 41-7.

Growth, development and haemolymph ecdysone titre have been evaluated in tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta Drury in non-diapause destined (NDD) and diapause destined (DD) generations. The entire larval duration (= phagoperiods) was 28 days in DD generation and 39 days in DD generation. Relative growth rate (RGR on dry weight basis) was 0.4228 in I instar, 0.2626 in II instar, 0.2524 in III instar, 0.2356 in IV instar and 0.1254 in V instar NDD larvae. It was 0.2931 in I instar, 0.2308 in II instar, 0.1587 in III instar, 0.1911 in IV instar and 0.0735 in V instar in DD generation. Significant differences were recorded in titre level of IV & V instar larvae of both NDD and DD generations. Very low concentration of ecdysone was recorded on day 3 (22± 7 ng/ml) in IV instar larvae, thereafter it consistently increased and attained a peak on day 6 (190 ±1 ng/ml). In NDD larvae, ecdysone level was comparatively higher during IV instar period, except on day 5 (753 ± 135 ng/m!) and two peaks were noticed, Ist peak on day 2 (prior HCP) and the highest second peak (4866 ± 1231 ng/ml). No significant difference was observed in ecdysone level in NDD and DD post feeding larvae but titre was higher in DD than NDD larvae. The haemolymph ecdysone titre of A. mylitta pupae droped after pupation from 2758 ± 772 ng/ml in male and 1106 ± 1178 ng/ml in females to 55 ± 32 ng/ml in males and 36ñ 7 ng/ml in females within 0 to 60 days old DD pupae. Thereafter, it remained at its low level up to day 180 in both males and females. The ecdysone level gradually increased after day 180 onwards till emergence of adults. The significant difference between males and females ecdysone titre was recorded on day 120 and day 5, 90, 110, 190,210. Total eight peaks were observed in females and six peaks in males, which were higher than females. The ecdysone titre of adult male and female was similar in both NDD (l93± I 08 and 55±5 ng/ml) and DO generations (l86±120 and 70±29 ng/ml). Under the prevailing environmental conditions growth, body weights, ecdysone titre varied in NDD and DD generations and titre of diapausing generation pupae remained generally low in comparison to non-diapausing pupae. Release of ecdysone took place in a pulsatile manner as per need of growth and development in A. mylitta.

7 illus, 37 ref

009750   Shanthi V;Borgia V J F;Priya G (P.G. and Research Dep of Zoology, Jayaraj Annapackiam College for Women, Periyakulam-625 601) : Effect of density and feeding frequency on the bioenergetics of Cyprinus carpio. J Aquatic Biol 2009, 24(1), 211-14.

In the investigation consumption rate (Cr), absorption rate (Ar), metabolic rate (Mr), conversion (Pr) and gross and net efficiency (K₁ and K₂) were studied for different feeding frequencies and density in the exotic fish, Cyprinus carpio. In all the tested fishes of the same size, maximum Cr, Ar, Pr, Mr was observed in the group fed twice a day and density of four. The results clearly indicate that observed density and feeding frequency is suitable for the optimum growth of Cyprinus carpio.

1 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

009749   Selvam J;Vijayalakshmi S;Balasubramanian T (Centre of Advanced study in Marine Biology, Annamalai Univ, Parangipettai-608 502, Email: jagaselvam@yahoo.com) : Spatial and temporal distribution of eggs of the fish, Sardinella longiceps (family: Cluepidae) in Muthupettai mangroves, east coast of India. J Aquatic Biol 2009, 24(1), 26-30.

Investigation made to identify and to evaluate the spatial temporal distribution of eggs of Sardinella longiceps (Indian oil sardine) over a period of two year from January 2006 -to December 2007 Muthupettai mangroves. Eggs were observed in Post monsoon, summer and early month of premonsoon seasons along Muthupettai waters. The present result confirms that the discontinuous spawning habit of these fishes.

3 illus, 67 ref

009748   Sarkar A (Zoology Dep, Agra Coll, Agra, Email: amieetasorcor@gmail.com) : Ostracoda from river Yamuna at Agra. J appl Biosci 2008, 34(1), 103-05.

Six study sites were selected from one side of river, ie. Pohia Ghat to the other side, Garhi Mahavan and water samples were collected during 2005-2006.Stenocypris major is being reported and described from these sites for the first time. Number of S.major increased fom April to July and breeding period was from May to June. Males could not be traced and hence the effect of long day photo period and higher temperatures, could be observed for enhancing reproduction. The number of these crustaceans was less as compared to previous survey, indicating an increase in pollution in the river. Morphological studies of valves, natatory setae, furca and body size were done using camera lucida .

1 illus, 7 ref

009747   Sahayaraj K;Jeyaparvathi S (Crop Protection Res Centre, St. Xavier's College, Palayamkottai-627 002, Tamil Nadu, Email: ttn_ksraj@sancharnet.in) : Web architecture and pharmacognosy of spiders from groundnut ecosystem. J appl Biosci 2008, 34(1), 94-6.

Web type and size of the eight groundnut dwelled spiders revealed that Lycosa and Pardosa spp. constructed funnel web. Stegodyphus pacificus and Gastracantha unquifera, Argiope anasuja and A. catenulata constructed an irregular mesh web and orb webs. The size of webs varied and pharmacognosy studies provided swelling, solubility and colour changing properties of the spiders.

1 table, 15 ref

009746   Ruhela S;Pandey A K;Khare A K (Zoology Dep, Meerut College, Meerut-250 001, Email: akpandey_cifa@yahoo.co.in) : Changes in blood parameters of Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus) induced by experimental Procamallanus infection. J appl Biosci 2009, 35(2), 181-3.

Effects of experimental Procamallanus infection on blood parameters of Clarias batrachus were recorded. TEC, Hb and PCV declined whereas TLC increased during Procamallanus post-infection period. MCV and MCH recorded an increase on day 15 and 30 post-infection but MCHC displayed a significant decrease on day 15 and 45 post-infection in C. batrachus. Haematological alterations due to Procamallanus infection caused anaemia in the catfish.

1 table, 21 ref

009745   Ravikantupadhyay (Zoology Dep, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur Univ, Gorakhpur-273 009, Email: rkupad@yahoo.com) : Animal toxins: mode of action and pharmacological effects. J appl Biosci 2008, 34(1), 17-34.

Self-defense is a highly adaptive evolutionary mechanism in animals for their own protection.Different animals inject venoms/toxins/proteins to paralyze the prey. Defense in animals is usually operated by envenomation for predation, protection of territory and attainment of foraging sites. Animal venoms are highly poisonous substances produced in specialized structures. These toxins are I proteins, which contain positively charged amino acids that have been shown to be critical for biological activity. Animal venoms/toxins cause muscular paralysis and inhibit neuromuscular transmission by attacking different targets. Venoms are also considerd as potential sources of active compounds/molecules, which could act as a prototype or template for development of new therapeutic agents and tools for diagnosis of diseases. Toxin polypeptides are considered to be good natural sources of some pharmaceuticals that can be used as medicine. These templated drugs can be used for all categories of patients including immuno-compromised ones. Thus, venom toxins should be taken up in basic biological research to understand the interaction of pathogens with new drugs in situ as well as in experimental animals.

^iia4 illus, 2 tables, 99 ref

009744   Rathod D S;Lokhande M V;Reddy R M;Shembekar V S (Zoology & Fishery Science Dep, Rajarshi Shahu College, Latur-413 512) : Effect of dimethoate on protein metabolism of the fish, Macronus vittatus. J Aquatic Biol 2009, 24(1), 145-9.

Fish Macronus vittatus were exposed to the sub lethal concentrations (1/10th of 96 hours LC₅₀ie0.58ppm) of dimethoate for 24, 96 and 192 hours. Biochemical and enzyme bioassays were conducted in vital tissue like liver, muscle and gill. The total protein levels decreased in all the tissues studied, where as the free amino acid levels increased. The elevation in enzyme activity level of NAD dependent GDH, Asparate Amino Trans/erases (AAT) and Alanine Amino Transferases (ALAT) of control and exposed fishes were observed.

1 table, 29 ref

009743   Rajak J;Chatterjee V C (PG-Zoology Dep, M.S. College, Saharanpur-247 001, Email: jitendramac@yahoo.com) : Digestive tract of Nezara viridula Linn. and modifications related to water conservation. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2009, 29(1), 45-50.

Nezara viridula Linn. (Green Stink bug) is a polyphagous greenish bug which has world wide distribution. Its host plants include Pennisetum typhoides (Bulrush millet or Peral millet, Bajara), Trifolium alexandrium (Berseine), Cannabis saliva (Indian Hemp.), Glycine max. (Soybean) and other wild native plants in Saharanpur. The infestation is maximum during milky stage of the young plants. The digestive system of the green stink bug is divisible into stomodaeum or fore gut and associated gland, mesenteron, or mid gut and proctodaeum or hind gut. The total length of gut in both sexes, shows difference i.e. 5.2 cm (in male) and 6.4 cm. (in female). The mid gut is divisible into midgut first, mid gut second, mid gut third and mid gut fourth. The present study is on the water conservation. A mechanism in the gut water conservation device has been localized in the gut of N. viridula as a characteristic feature which includes the anterior part of the bladder like saccular return called ileum and the dorsal posterior invagination of the midgut first. During the study of anatomy, it has been observed that the malpighian tubules arising from the junction of the mid gut fourth and ileum are bent towards closely approximated mid gut first on the posterior region this observation shows that the excess of water content enters from ileum to the mid gut first. Hence, it is assigned the role for the purpose of water conservation i.e. from ileum re-entry into midgut first region.

4 illus, 8 ref

009742   Priya V;Sultana M (Zoology Dep, Presidency College, Chennai-600 005) : Growth, feed utilisation and body composition of Cyprinus carpio var communis using soybean based diet supplemented with methionine and lysine. J Aquatic Biol 2009, 24(1), 193-9.

Feeding trial was conducted for sixty days to examine the effect of soybean meal supplied with and without supplementation of methionine and lysine on growth, feed utilization and body composition of common carp Cyprinus carpio Var communis. Five experimental diets viz. Control, Ex-1, Ex-2, Ex-3 and Ex-4 were prepared with different levels of methionine and lysine. Ex-1 with 0.25% methionine and 0.5% lysine, Ex-2 with 0.5% methionine and 1% lysine, Ex-3 with 1% methionine and 1.5% lysine and Ex-4 with 1.5% methionine and 2% lysine. At the end of the study the best growth, feed consumption, protein consumption, relative growth rate, feed conversion ratio, gross and net growth efficiency were found high in Ex-2 which contain 0.5% methionine and 1% lysine. The body composition of the fish showed that protein and lipid contents were higher after feeding trials. Present study suggests that Cyprinus carpio fingerlings can effectively utilize the soybean diet containing 0.5% methionine and 1% lysine. Addition of excess methionine and lysine showed inhibitory effect on growth rate.

4 tables, 35 ref

009741   Pawar S K;Pulle J S;Shendge K M;Pentewar M S (Zoology Dep, Gramin Mahavidyalaya, Vasantnagar, Tq. Mukhed Dist. Nanded, Maharashtra) : Threatned ichthyofauna of Panshewadi dam in Taluka Kandhar, district Nanded, Maharashtra State, India. Aquacult 2009, 10(1), 63-7.

Deals with the classification of fish culture and physico-chemical characteristics of water from Panshewadi dam, in Nanded district, Maharashtra during the year 2007- 2008. The classification of present investigation confirmed the occurrence of 37 fish species belonging to 06 orders, 11 families and 21 genera. The order Cypriniformes was dominant (16 species) followed by order Channiformes (04 species), Siluriformes (07 species), Perciformes (04 species), Clupeiformes (03 species) and Ophiocephaliformes (03 species). Seasonal fluctuation in population density is related to the physico-chemical parameters.

1 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

009740   Pawar S K;Pulle J S;Shendge K M (Zoology Dep, Gramin Mahavidyalaya, Vasantnagar, Tq. Mukhed Dist. Nanded, Maharashtra, Email: drspulle@yahoo.com) : Diversity of ichthyofauna from Manar river near Kandhar in Nanded district, Maharashtra, India. Aquacult 2009, 10(1), 125-9.

India has vast potential for development of inland fisheries. In Marathwada region some of the agriculture farmers with the help of F. I. D. A. are constructing fishponds in their agriculture farms. The fish are economically important group of aquatic vertebrates which provide food to the mankind. The fish populations of our aquatic system play a significant role in the human economy. Hence the present survey has been undertaken to show the role of fisheries in food production and development of Agro-based industries. In present study, attempts have been made to collect, classify and identify fish from Manar river near Kandhar during the period January 2007 to December 2007. About 38 fish species were recorded during study. The economic importance and status of the fishes from the river is also discussed.

2 tables, 15 ref

009739   Misra B R;Singh G C (P.G. Zoology Dep, T.D.P.G. Coll, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, Email: brij.ranjan@rediffmail.com) : Impact of light on feeding and the activity of digestive enzymes of Epilachna Vigintioctopunctata. J appl Biosci 2008, 34(1), 100-02.

Light had insignificant effect on the feedmg activity of Epilachna vigintioctopunctata. The digestive enzyme activities in mid gut and whole body varied as follows: invertase> amylase> trehalase> maltase> melezitase > protease> lipase in mid night and amylase> invertase> trehalase> maltase> melezitase > protease> lipase in whole body extract under different light conditions.

2 tables, 16 ref

009738   Mishra P K;Sharan S K;Singh B M K; Suryanarayana N (Silkworm Physiol Lab, Central Tasar Res and Training Inst, P.O. Piska-Nagri, Ranchi) : Haemolymph proteins in developmental stages of Tasar silkworm, Antheraea Mylitta. J appl Biosci 2008, 34(1), 87-90.

Haemolymph proteins of tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta Drury have been investigated in various developmental stages, namely, I, II, III, IV and V instar larvae, early, mid and late pupae and adults of both the sexes in both non-diapause destined (NDD) and diapause destined (DD) generations. The quantum of protein (mg/ml) was 3.4959 ± 0.0255 in I instar of NDD which showed an increasing trend in subsequent instars and finally attained a peak of 54.0634 ± 0.4426 in late female spinning larva (SLF-NDD) and 50.2600 ± aged male spinning larva (SLM-NDD). The protein concentration showed a decreasing trend in pupal stage; pre-pupa (PP); mid-pupa (MP) and late pupa (LP) as well as in adult stage. Similar trends were recorded in DD generation. DD generation had comparatively higher level of protein than that of respective life stages of NDD generations except in male spinning larvae and male mid pupae of NDD which had comparatively higher level of proteins. A fall in the protein concentration in pupal stage is indicative of its more uti1jzation during pupal stage and adult formation. Females of NDD V- spinning larvae, pre and mid pupae had high level of protein than their male counterparts. In DD generation early middle and late fifth instar male larvae had higher protein level than females. A comparison between the two generations indicated that in spinning larvae, pre, mid and late pupae and adults of diapausing generation had significantly higher protein in females. Proteins may be of significance for development, metamorphosis, egg and silk production and regulation of diapause stage in tasar silkworm.

2 tables, 30 ref

009737   Mishra A K (NO, , Azim Premji Foundation, 134, Doddakannelli, Next to Wipro Corporate Office, Sarjapur Road, Bangalore-560 035, Email: akmishra.edu@gmail.com) : Nature watch, Sarus crane: on its way to extinction. Resonance 2009, 14(12), 1206-9.

India is the main abode of the world's tallest flying bird called the Sarus Crane. Their population, however, has shown a steady decline over the past few decades. Several factors are believed to be responsible for this. Alterations of the landscape to agriculture leading to habitat loss and other socio-ecological factors are the main reasons of this declination. This article will introduce some of these features and current status of this famous historical bird.

3 illus, 1 ref

009736   Mayank P;Srivastava D;wivedi A C;Singh K R (NO, Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, 24 Panna Lal Road Allahabad-211 002) : Assessment of sex ratio and sex structure of Labeo calbasu (Hamilton) from the Gomti river at Sultanpur. Aquacult 2009, 10(1), 113-17.

Samples were collected from the Gomti river at Sultanpur. Male proportion was higher than female in 1+ and 2+ age groups. Female proportion was higher than male in 3+, 4+, 5+ and 6+ age groups and chi-square values ranged from 0.04 to 2.82. Proportion of male and female was recorded equal in 7+ and 8+ age groups. In the stock, female proportion was higher than male (1: 1.04). It did not differ significantly, to the stock sex structure of male and female was recorded (49.03%) and (50.97%), respectively. It is very close to equal proportions. The sex structure of male was maximum in 1+ age group (55.33%) and minimum in 4+ age group (37.20%). The sex structure of female was maximum in 4+ age group (62.79%) and minimum in l+ age group (46.67%).

2 tables, 25 ref

009735   Manju K G;Dhevendaran K (Zoology Dep, Mar Ivanios College, Trivandrum-695 015, Email: manibhadranmanju@gmail.com) : Influence of aquatic macrophyte and microbial silage on the growth and conversion efficiency of Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters). Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2009, 29(1), 115-18.

Aquatic weeds like Eichhornia sp. and Pistia sp. were tested as feed stuffs to replace fish meal in the artificial diet of the fish Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters). Both powdered form and microbial enriched silage were tested. The results showed significant growth, better conversion efficiency, high protein content in the fish than those fed on control diet. It is suggested that the aquatic macrophyte can replace the costly fish meal to a certain possible extent in the formulated diets.

3 tables, 9 ref

009734   Mangale A J;Kalse A T (Zoology Dep, S.S.V.P.S.C.College, Shindkheda-425 406, Email: dr.ajit_kalse@yahoo.co.in ) : New cestode Senga panzaraensis from Mastacembellus armatus at Dhule, India. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2009, 29(1), 105-8.

Deals with a new species of Genus Senga (Dollfus, 1934) It differs from all the earlier reported species in having Scolex triangular, anterior end pointed, rounded and posterior end broad; hooks 58 in number; mature segments acraspedot, rectangular; testes 40-45 in number; cirrus pouch preovarian, medium in size; vagina thin, coiled; ovary compact, bilobed; vitellaria granular in 4-5 rows on lateral side; eggs operculated, yellow in colour.

1 illus, 14 ref

009733   Mamlayya A B;Aland S R;Gaikwad S M;Bhawane G P (Zoology Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur-416 004) : Incidence of a beetle Aeolesthes holosericea on Samanea saman and Albizia lebbeck trees at Kolhapur, Maharashtra. Bionotes 2009, 11(4), 133.

6 ref

009732   Mali R P;Jagtap A R;Kothole S D;Afsar S (P.G. Zoology Dep, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Nanded-431 602) : Effect of zinc sulphate on the oxygen consumption and heart beat in the fresh water female crab, Barytelphusa guerini. J Aquatic Biol 2009, 24(1), 139-44.

Fresh water female crab, Barytelphusa guerini was selected for experimentation. It abundantly available in the paddy fields of Nanded district. The animals were collected and brought to the laboratory to acclimatize them with laboratory conditions. The total oxygen consumption and the rate of oxygen consumption per unit body weight was studied by modified Winkler's method (Welsh and Smith 1959). The animals were subjected to sub-lethal concentration on ZnSO4 and oxygen consumption was studied at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hr. and the rate of oxygen consumption in cc/gm/hr was calculated. The effect of ZnSO4 on cardiac physiology of fresh water female crab was studied. For the toxicological studies, the animals were subjected to sublethal concentration of ZnSO4 at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after regular intervals. The animals were dissected and time taken for 10 heart beats were recorded. The results reveal that due to toxic effects, the rate of heart beat decreases gradually with slight increase at 96 hrs. The results were Plotted and discussed in details.

1 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

009731   Lodhi H S;Shukla S;Sharma D U (Prawn Research Centre, Zoology Dep, Lucknow Univ, Lucknow-226 007, Email: sanjiveshukla@gmail.com) : Structure of heart of to freshwater prawns under light microscope. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2009, 29(1), 1-10.

Heart of fresh water prawns, Macrobrachium lamarrei (H. Milne Edwards) and Macrobrachium dayanum (Handerson) are situated in cephalothoracic cavity above the hepatopancreas and gonads. Triangular hearts are perforated by five pairs of ostia in both the species. Each ostium is situated in depression with guard-cell like valves. Histologicaly there are two layers, outer epicardium or adventitia, and inner myocardium or muscularis separated with each other by thin basal lamina. Musular strands divide the lumen of heart into three chambers, two small lateral and one large median. Anteriorly five arteries and posteriorly two arteries emerge from heart. The heart of M. dayanum is slightly bigger in size than M. lamarrei. Functional aspects of different components of heart have also been discussed.

4 illus, 35 ref

009730   Lakshmi Sowjanya B;Rudrama Devi K;Madhavi D (Zoology Dep, Osmania Univ, Hyderabad-500 007, Email: soujanya27@gmail.com ) : Modulatory effects of garlic extract against the cyclophosphamide induced genotoxicity in human lymphocytes in vitro. J envir Biol 2009, 30(5), 663-6.

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressive agent which is used in the treatment of wide range of cancers and autoimmune diseases. Besides that it is a well known carcinogen. In this study by using chromosomal aberrations (CA) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) assays method, the modulatory effects exerted by the extract of garlic against the CP induced genotoxicity in the human lymphocyte cultures in vitro were tested. Three different doses of garlic extract were tested for their modulatory capacity on the mutagenecity exerted 100 μg ml^{-1 of CP. The results indicate a significant decrease in the frequency of CA and SCE suggesting that the garlic extract modulates the CP induced genotoxicity in a dose dependent manner. These findings provide the future directions for the research on design and development of possible modulatory drugs containing garlic extract.}

2 tables, 39 ref

009729   Kamble A T;Mudkhede L M (NO, Baliram Patil College, Kinwat-451 804, Email: ambadaskamble@rediffmail.com) : Diversity of fish fauna in medium reservoir, Mandvi, Kinwat, Maharashtra. J Aquatic Biol 2009, 24(1), 41-3.

Deals with diversity and abundance of fish fauna of a medium reservoir, Mandvi in Kinwat Taluka in Nanded district of Maharastra. The water spread area of this reservoir is 688 hq. with the mean depth of 22.76 mtr. and water is used for irrigation, drinking and fishing activities. The reservoir has rich diversity of fish fauna represented by 46 species. The major carps represented by rohu, catla, mrigal, common crap, silver carp and grass crap are found in abundance due to their seed stocking. Next to carps, the cat fishes are represented by 12 species. The other groups of fishes include murrels (4 species), minor carps (3 species), carp minnows (4 species), ornamental fishes (4 species), snake fishes (2 species) and other fishes (15 species). Among the species belonging to major groups numerical dominance was of 6 species of catfish, 2 species of murrels, 14 species of other fishes and 3 species of carp minnows. 14 species of other fish were less abundant, while 11 species can be designated as rare. The major carps (5 species), murrrels (2 species), cat fishes (4 species), minor carps (3 species) and other fishes (5 species) are important commercially.

2 tables, 9 ref

009728   Kambale N A;Nanaware S G (Zoology Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur-416 004, Email: drknitinkumar@yahoo.co.in) : Cadmium induced alterations of glycogen in the foot of freshwater Sanails bellamya bengalensis (Lamarck). Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2009, 29(1), 125-7.

The freshwater snails Bellamya bengalensis (Lamarck) were exposed to pre-determined mean LC₅₀ value (1.04 ppm) of cadmium sulphate for 24 hrs, 48 hrs, 72 hrs. and 96 hrs along with a control group of snails simultaneously. At the end of each exposure period the foot of the snails was subjected for biochemical analysis of glycogen. The normal concentration of glycogen in the foot of controlled snails was 4.67 ± 0.19 mg/100 mg weight of wet tissue. The glycogen concentration was decreased with increase in exposure period. It was decreased up to 4.09 ± 1.06 mg/100 mg after 24 hrs. 3.35 ± 1.04 mg/100 mg after 48 hrs., 2.28 ± 0.50 mg/100 mg after 72 hrs. and 1.19 ± 1.47 mg/100 mg after 96 hrs. of exposure period. The changes in the glycogen concentration of foot during cadmium intoxication are discussed in relation to glycogen metabolism in the foot under toxic stress physiology of the snail.

1 table, 8 ref

009727   Kambale N A;Nanaware S G (Zoology Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur-416 004, Email: drknitinkumar@yahoo.in) : Nutritional change in gonads of snail Bellamya bengalensis against zinc suphate. J Aquatic Biol 2009, 24(1), 121-3.

Freshwater snails, Bellamya bengalensis (Lamarck) were exposed to zinc sulphate. Gonads of the snails was subjected to the biochemical analysis for glycogen, protein and lipid. Metabolic activity and the concentration of these metabolites were found to be reduced as exposure period to the toxicant increased. The toxicant hampers the gametogenesis in the snail. Depleted nutritional status of reproductive gonads during intoxication is discussed in relation to reproductive physiology of the snail.

1 table, 9 ref

009726   Kalita G;Sarmah S K (Zoology Dep, Guwahati College, Guwahati-781 021, Email: girin_05@yahoo.co.in) : Wetlands and their usable resources of greater Guwahati. Aquacult 2009, 10(1), 119-23.

Five lentic water wetlands of Guwahati, the capital city of Assam namely, Deepar beel, Barchola beel, Saruchola beel, Damal beel and Silsako beel are visited for the study of uses of wetland resources by the neighboring peoples. It is observed that out of the five studied areas, only four have true wetland environment. Saruchola bed has totally transformed to an upland area. Moreover, Barchola beel has highly degraded environment and except some washing purpose, people do not use any other components from this wetland. However, neighbors of Deepar, Damal and Silsako beel are variously using wetland resources either for commercial purposes or for their own use. Four major components namely, soil, water, plants and animals are recorded as usable resources in these wetlands. There is also aesthetic and religious use of wetland components particularly in Deepar beel area.

9 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

009725   Joseph S K;Thomas S (Postgraduate Zoology Dep, Nirmala College, Muvattupuzha, Kerala-686 661, Email: sasikalakjoseph@gmail.com) : Diversity of freshwater crustaceans in Muvattupuzha river basin, Kerala. Sci Soc 2009, 7(1), 25-32.

Muvattupuzha river, from which the name of the basin has been derived, is formed by three rivers joining together adjacent to Muvattupuzha town. The length of the river is approximately 75 miles, and the total drainage area is about 588sq. miles. Freshwater crustaceans in the river basin were collected from ponds, wells, paddy fields and three sites in the Muvattupuzha river system. Four classes of Crustaceans - Malacostraca, Branchiopoda (Cladocera), Ostracoda and Copepoda were recorded from the basin. High species diversity was met with in the ponds and the least in the wells. The most predominant taxa were the Cladocerans followed by the Malacostracans. Ostracods were the least diverse. The pH of the water samples ranged between 4.5 to 9.2 and the temperature varied from 26 to 29°C.

1 table, 19 ref

009724   Jain J (Zoology Dep, J.N.V. Jodhpur Univ, Jodhpur-324 001) : Efficacy of few plant extracts as grain protectants against Tribolium confusum. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2009, 29(1), 133-5.

Four plants extracts, viz. Azadirachta indica (Neem), Ocimum gratissimiim (Ram Tulsi), Ocimum americanum (Shyam Tulsi), and Menthci spicata (Mint) were evaluated as stored rice grain protectant @ 2.5 ml, 5 ml and 7.5 ml/50 g grain against the development of confused flour beetles, Tribo/ium confusum. The survival percentage of the beetle is reduced significantly in the grain treated with A. indica extract @ 2.5 ml & 5 ml/50 g rice. This beetle failed to survive in the grain @ 7.5 ml/50 g followed by M. spicata, O. americanum and O. gralissimum where as the survival percentage in the grain treated with other plant extracts range from 14.35 to 27.00%. The extract of test plants @ 2.5 ml, 5 ml & 7.5 ml/50 g grain prolonged the development from 5 to 14 days on an average. The toxic effect of plants extracts is being studied on life cycle, growth & mortality of beetle. All plant extracts were effective as compared to control against T. confusum due to the fumigant effect of organic constituent of plant extracts.

illus

009723   Jadhav H K;Savant P L;Damle V S;Babare M G (Zoology Research Laboratory, A.S.C. College, Naldurg) : Fish diversity of five water reservoirs from Omerga tahsil of Osmanabad district (M.S.) India. Aquacult 2009, 10(1), 131-3.

Omerga Tahsil of Osmanabad district is situated in Marathawada region of Maharashtra state. Omerga Tahsil is economically backward and also in agriculture and industry. There were live water reservoirs which are used for agricultural and drinking water. Omerga Tahsil comes under the Krishna valley project of Maharashtra fisheries in there reservoirs have been neglected for a Song time, but now a day fisheries of this Tahsil comes in focus (colors) because of the aggressive participation of the district fisheries department and trying their best for the farther development of fisheries. Till today there was no recorded fish diversity of this Tahsil. Present investigation was carried out and recorded fish diversity in the reservoirs of Omerga Tahsil cultivated and local fishes are abundant found in the reservoirs five different cultivated fishes and right local variety of fishes has been recorded.

2 tables, 12 ref

009722   Hussain S;Gupta K (Zoology Dep, Sri Pratap College, Srinagar-190 001, Email: shad_far2003@yahoo.co.in) : Evaluation of the poential for using ovatide as an inducer of ovarian maturation in juviniles of golden Mahseer, Tor putitora. J Aquatic Biol 2009, 24(1), 169-75.

Investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of ovatide (a synthetic GnRH analogue with dopamine antagonist) on the induction of ovarian maturation in the juveniles of Tor putitora of size range 10-20cm. Fishes were segregated into two size group viz. group A (10-15cm) and group B (15-20cm), each in duplicate. Group A was injected with ovatide @ 0.2 and 0.4 mg kg-1 body weight and group B was injected with harmone @ 0.3 and 0.5 mg kg-1 body weight. Control sets were maintained for each group by injecting distilled water instead of hormone. Ovatide/distilled water was injected intramuscularly fortnightly for 120 days. Results of the study revealed that doses D2 and D4 appeared to be more effective in their respective groups in prepounding the ovarian maturation. It was further revealed that there is a dose dependent response of ovatide in juveniles and it varies with age and size of the fishes.

6 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref

009721   Hassan S;Gnanaraj R;Altaff K (Unit of Reproductive Biology and Live Feed Culture, Zoology Dep, The New College, Chennai-600 014, Email: kaltaff@rediffmail.com) : Effect of cell bound microbial phytase on plant based diet of the fish, Tilapia mossambica. J Aquatic Biol 2009, 24(1), 200-6.

Experiment was designed to investigate the effect of cell bound microbial phytase of Pichia anomala on fish Tilapia mossambica. Five types of diets were formulated, two without supplementation of phytase- and three with supplementations of different concentrations of phytase. The best concentration of phytase used was 1500 FTU kg^{-1, in terms of weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and condition factor (CF). The best performance in terms of WG, SGR, FCE and CF was shown by fishes fed fish meal based diet without phytase supplementation. The least performance in terms of WG, SGR, FCE and CF was shown by fishes fed plant based diet without phytase supplementation. It was concluded that phytase supplementation at 1500 FTU kg-1 can be used without any adverse effect with plant based food for Tilapia mossambica.}

1 table, 39 ref

009720   Gupta Y C;Singhal P (Zoology Dep, B.S.A. College, Mathura-281 004) : Egging receptacle for the collection of eggs of guava fruit fly Dacus diversus (Diptera : Tephritidae). Bionotes 2009, 11(4), 134-5.

1 table, 5 ref

009719   Gupta S K;Kailash Chandra (Zoological Survey of India, Central Regional Station, Vijay Nagar, Jabalpur-482 002, Email: kailash611@rediffmail.com) : Orthoptera of Madhav National Park, Shivpuri, Madhya Pradesh, India. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2009, 29(1), 79-89.

Deals with the study of 23 species of Orthoptera under 23 genera belonging to seven families, viz. Tettigoniidae (02), Gryllotalpidae (01), Gryllidae (02), Trigonidiidae (01), Acrididae (13), Pyrgomorphidae (02) and Tetrigidae (02) from Madhav National Park, Shivpuri, Madhya Pradesh. All the species are reported for the first time from the park and Gelastorrhinus laticornis (Serville) and Eucoptacra saturata (Walker) are new record to the fauna of M. P.

5 ref

009718   Gonjari G R;Mahadik S B (Zoology and Fisheries Dep, Yashvantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Satara-415 001) : Histological and histochemical effect of phosphate concentration on liver of edible fish Channa striatus (Bloch) from river Krishna, near Satara city (MS), India. J Aquatic Biol 2009, 24(1), 107-12.

Fresh water fish Channa striatus was exposed to the sublethal concentration of phosphate in laboratory conditions for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs. Carbohydrate reserves were severely depleted particularly glycogen to higher concentration and time of exposure to phosphate toxicity. Histological architecture is disrupted swelling and marked necrosis in hepatic cells was evident. The results are discussed in relation to the histological, histopathological and histochemical observations on the liver of Channa striatus.

1 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

009717   Funde A B;Naik S D;Mohite S A (College of Fisheries, , Shirgaon, Ratnagiri-415 629) : Contribution to the biology of the mudcrab, Scylla serrata (Forslal) of Ratnagiri, Maharashtra. Aquacult 2009, 10(1), 73-9.

Biological studies of the mud crab, Scylla serrate (Forslal) have been conducted from the Ratnagiri mangrove ecosystem of Maharashtra. The overall sex ratio of male to female was found 1:0.96. Female of S. serrata attain size at first maturity after reaching 9.0 cm carapace width. Maximum size range of ova (0.6-1.26 mm) were observed during the month of February to April. Simultaneously GSI value increases (9.3-10.5 in female & 8.7 to 9.8 in male) from the month of February to April. Therefore, breeding season of mudcrab, S. semzto was indicated as during the month of February to April.

3 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

009716   Funde A B;Naik S D;Mohite S A (NO, College of Fisheries, Shirgaon, Ratnagiri-415 629) : Catch particulars of mudcrab, Scylla spp. of Ratnagiri coast, Maharashtra. Aquacult 2009, 10(1), 17-25.

Data of catch particulars of Mudcrab, Scylla spp. were collected mainly from bottom gtilnetting, trap and handpicking operation. Bottom gillnetting have been operated at 2.5 m. depth at Sakhartar estuary in Ratnagjri Taluka during low tide. It was seen that the major catches in the gill nets were croaker (33-76%), mullets (19.01%), sea crab (14.28%), cat fishes (10.12%), S. tranquebarica (7.08%), Indian salmon (4.46%), hilsa (3.80%), S. serrata (3.30%), while other remaining 11 species of fish catch and shrimp contribution were less than 1%. Secondly in trapping operation, among the ScyUa species, S. tranquebarica was not found throughout the year but S. serrata was caught throughout the year. No other species were found in the traps. Maximum average catch range of S. serrata was found in the range of 104.21 kg to 462.74 kg/month while S. tranquebarica catch ranges were observed from 1.33 kg to 29.02 kg/month during the same period. In the hand picking method, it was noted that the major catches of species like S. serrata and S. tranquebarica were commonly picked by the collector throughout the year but S. tranquebarica was not recorded during the month of July to September. Among the Scylla species, S. serrata catch was more abundant than the S. tranquebarica catch. S. serrata catch showed the maximum average range of 2.19 kg to 8.72 kg /month while the S. tranquebarica showed average catch ranges 0.21 kg to 7.49 kg/month.

3 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

009715   Eluvathingal L M;Shanbhag B A;Saidapur S K (Zoology Dep, Karnatak Univ, Dharwad-580 003, Email: bhagyashrishanbhag@gmail.com) : Association preference and mechanism of kin recognition in tadpoles of the toad Bufo melanostictus. J Biosci, Bangalore 2009, 34(3), 435-44.

In experiments with specially designed choice tanks, tadpoles of Bufo melanostictus spend significantly greater amounts of time near kin than near non-kin. However, in the absence of kin members, they prefer to spend more time near non-kin rather than stay away in isolation in the opposite blank zone with no company. This implies that association of toad tadpoles with their kin is due to attraction rather than repulsion from non-kin. Experiments designed to elucidate the sensory basis of kin recognition showed that toad tadpoles recognize their kin based on chemical cues rather than visual cues. They can also discriminate between homospecific non-kin and heterospecific (Sphaerotheca: breviceps) tadpoles since the tadpoles spent significantly greater amounts of time near the former than near the latter. These findings suggest that where kin members are unavailable, selection may have favoured living with non-kin so as to derive benefits from group living and that a phenotype-matching mechanism may operate for both kin and species discrimination in B. melanostictus.

4 illus, 9 tables, 21 ref

009714   Dinakaran S;Balachandran C;Anbalagan S (Centre for Research in Aquatic Entomology, PG Dep of Zoology, The Madura College, Madurai-625 011, Email: dinkarji@gmail.com) : Relative influence of environmental variables on blackfly assemblages in streams of Nilgiri hills of southern western ghats, India. J Aquatic Biol 2009, 24(1), 21-5.

Simuliids make up an important component of stream communities, acting as intermediate links between particle dynamics and predator. In addition, Black flies are generally regarded as the second most pernicious group of insects that afflict the health and economic well-being of humans. Streams of Nilgiri hills that flow through the Mudhumalai reserve forest were investigated to analyse the impact of tourists on the assemblage of Blackfly populations. Kalhatti stream had the highest numbers of Simulium followed by Siriyur, Avaralla, Maavanella, Vazhaithottam, Barliar and conspicuously absent in Naduvattam and Kallar streams. Among the 12 environmental variables, stream vegetation, conductivity and substrates influence the assemblages of Blackfly population.

2 illus, 2 tables, 67 ref

009713   Dhole J;Jawale S;Chavan R (Zoology Dep, Dr. B.A.M. Univ Aurangabad, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, Email: jaywantdhole@yahoo.com) : Population dynamics of cestode parasites in Mastacembalus armatus (Lecepede 1800) from Osmanabad district (M.S.) India. Ecotech 2009, 1(2), 156-9.

Communication deals with the population dynamics of cestode parasites in Mastacembalus armatus (Lecepede, 1800) from different places of Osmanabad district (M.S.) during the period of June 2008 to May 2009. A total 287 cestode parasites were recovered from 420 fishes. The collected parasites were of two genera i.e. Senga (Dollfus, 1934) and Circumoncobothrium (Shinde, 1968). A total eleven species were found in present investigation which contains seven, species of Senga and four species of Circumoncobothrium. This report summarizes the data of incidence intensity, density and index of infection of cestode parasites from M. armatus during the period of June2008 to May 2009 with effect of' environmental factors. The high prevalence occurs in summer season especially in the month of March to May, while low prevalence occur in winter season (December - February) followed by autumn (September - November) and very less occur in rainy season (June-August). The present study indicates the seasonal infection of cestodes (Senga & Circumoncobothrium) in M. armatus.

2 tables, 10 ref

009712   Deshpande V Y;Bhilave M P (Zoology Dep, Sharadchandra Pawar Mahavidyalaya, Lonand-415 521) : Ichthyofauna of Satara tahsil of Maharashtra.. J Aquatic Biol 2009, 24(1), 36-40.

Different water bodies in the Satara tahsil were visited and fish samples were collected. All the fishes collected were identified to prepare a list of the fish species. The study shows that out of the total of varieties of fishes found in the area 4 threatened and 7 endemic 4 rare and 15 uncommon to the region.

1 table, 19 ref

009711   Dahiya T P;Sihag R C (Zoology and Aquaculture Dep, CCS Haryana Agric Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: dahiyatejpal@yahoo.co.in) : Incidence of vibriosis in the Indian Magur (Clarias Batrachus L.) in saline water ponds of Haryana - a new report from India. Ecotech 2009, 1(2), 116-21.

To determine the level of fish disease and causative organism(s) in newly introduced cat fish, Indian magur (Clarius batracus (L.) in the saline water ponds, a survey of six fish farms/ponds was carried out around Hisar (Haryana) during 2004-ª2005. About 2.5 per cent of the sampled individuals of this fish were found to show skin lesions,of different magnitude. Such infected fishes were dissected and their skin lesions, gills and kidneys were taken out for bacterial isolation. These bacterial isolates were subjected to physico-chemical tests. The results so achieved were analyzed by a computer based specific PlB win programme to derive the ID scores-of the causative bacteria. The lD scores obtained in this programme were compared with the standard scores. This comparison characterized three species of bacteria viz. Vibrio anguillarum, V. alginolyticus and Aeromonas hydrophila causing skin lesions in this fish. This is a new report of incidence of vibriosis in Indian magur cultured in thesaline water ponds in,any part of the country.

1 table 28 ref

009710   Cubelio S S;Joseph J J;Venu S;Deepu A V; Madhusoodana Kurup B (School of Industrial Fisheries, Cochin Science and Technology Univ, Fine Arts Avenue, Cochin-682 016, Email: madhukurup@hotmail.com) : Redescription of Dicrolene nigricaudis (Alcock, 1899) a rare species of deep sea cusk eel (Ophidiiformes ; Ophidiidae) from Indian EEZ. Indian J Mar Sci 2009, 38(2), 166-9.

Dicrolene nigricaudis (Alcock, 1899), a rare species of deep sea cusk eel described from Andaman Sea and Arabian Sea in 1899 is redescribed and compared with its closely related species, D. triatis in terms of meristics and morphometrics in order to establish its individual taxonomic identity. The specimens were collected during the fishery survey cruises of FOR V Sagar Sampada along the continental slope of Indian EEZ. D. nigricaudis is characterized by two median and a pair of basibranchial tooth patches and lower elongated free rays of pectoral fin. The paper highlights the taxonomic characters useful for species identification.

3 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

009709   Chowdhury A;Hazra A K (NO, Birati High School (H.S.), P.O Birati, Kolkata-700 051, Email: amitshampa84@rediffmail.com) : New record of earthworm Octochaetona surensis (Micha-elsen) from West Bengal. Bionotes 2009, 11(4), 127.

1 illus, 8 ref

009708   Choudhary S A (Zoology Dep, Govt. P.G. College, Rajouri, Jammu & Kashmer) : Sex-ratio of Drosophila melanogaster after pyrethroid intoxication. Bionotes 2009, 11(4), 132.

1 table, 4 ref

009707   Chaudhary M;Shrivastava S M;Varugehese L (Intellectual Scientific Div, R&D Centre, Venus Remedies Ltd, 51-52, Industrial Area, Panchkula Haryana-134 113, Email: dgmtechnical@venusremediesw.com) : Effect of Cefepime Amikacin combination in sprague dawley rats. J appl Biosci 2008, 34(1), 58-61.

Effect of Cefepime Amikacin in fixed dose combination was investigated. 24 Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups of six each. Group I served as control and it was administered intravenously normal saline. The other three groups were administered a dose of 125 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg/kg body weight of cefepime + amikacin 2.5 g intravenously for 14 days. All the animals survived entire duration of the experiment. The Hemoglobin (Hb), Packed Cell Volume (PCV) RBC, WBC total and differential platelets and reticulocytes levels lowered as compared to that of the control. Triglycerides level lowered at all the doses. No significant histopathological changes were obsered in kidney. Creatinine clearance and urine protein excretion did not differ significantly from the control values. Urine osmolality was unchanged. Mild histological changes occurred in the rats given the highest dose. These findings suggests that although histopathological changes were observed at high doses, Cefepime plus Amikacin does not alter vital functions in rats.

5 tables, 13 ref

009706   Bhushan Chakraborty S (Zoology Dep, Serampore College, Serampore, Hooghly-712 201) : Growth of monosex nile tilapia fish under laboratory and field culture ambiences. Bionotes 2009, 11(4), 124.

6 ref

009705   Bharambe C M;Jaiswal N R (Zoology Dep, Vidnyan Mahavidyalaya, Malkapur-443 101, Email: jscmb0128@rediffmail.com) : Impact of bat guano on lake water and its use in the bioremediation of aquatic ecosystem. J Aquatic Biol 2009, 24(1), 207-10.

Lonar crater lake (19°58' N and 76°31'E) is an unique saline ecosystem locted in the Maharashtra State, India. There are ancient temples along the rim of the lake which are roosting sites of the bats and study was made to utilize bat guano for bioremediation. Guano was collected from the old temples located in the rim of Lonar crater. In the present work effort was made to study, the impact of bat guano on lake water. 10:100 concentrations were prepared and kept undisturbed till 30 days and select water quality parameters were noted at an interval of 2 hour and thereafter 5 days for about 24 hours and 30 days respectively. The results indicated an increase in pH and decline in chloride, nitrate, phosphate and sulphate content of lake water after the addition of bat guano. The investigation indicates that the bat guano can be used for bioremediation of the aquatic ecosystem.

2 tables, 31 ref

009704   Balde G H;Nanware S S (Research and P.G. Dep of Zoology, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Nandedn, Maharashtra) : Total glycogen content from Ascaridia galli. Aquacult 2009, 10(1), 135-7.

Total glycogen content in Ascaridia galli (Schrank, 1788, Freeborn, 1923) was estimated biochemically. The total glycogen content in male and female was done using modified Anthrone method of Micpera et al., (1957). Glycogen is the major storage polysaccharide and variations occur in their quantity. The content of total glycogen in Ascaridia galli has been discussed.

1 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

009703   Balde G H;Nanware S S (Research and P.G. Dep of Zoology, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Nanded, Maharashtra, Email: govindbalde@gmail.com) : Survey of nematode parasites from edible birds in relation to ecological factors form Nanded region (M.S.). Aquacult 2009, 10(1), 69-72.

Deals with the survey of nematode parasites from edible birds in relation to ecological factors, form Nanded region (MS.), India during June, 2006 to May, 2007. Out of 300 hosts, 128 (42.66%) were infected with 255 nematode parasites. Two genera i.e. Heterakis Duj, 1845 Ascaridia Duj, 1845 includes 05 species recovered throughout investigation. The ecological factor affects the distribution of parasites. The high incidence is occurs on summer season followed by winter and monsoon season. The Gallus gallus domesticus is highly infected with Ascaridia sp. as compared to other genera.

2 tables, 15 ref

009702   Bajpai S;Tewari S;Tripathi M (Aquatic Toxicology Research Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Lucknow Univ, Lucknow-226 007, Email: dmtripathi@gmail.com) : Evaluation of acute toxicity levels and behavioural responses of Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) to sodium fluoride. Aquacult 2009, 10(1), 37-43.

In the present study, an attempt was made to assess the acute toxicity of fluoride and behavioural responses of fresh water Indian catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis. The LC₅₀ values of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours for fluoride exposed fish were 406.64, 402.45, 393.96 and 386.56 mgF/L. Dose and duration dependent increase in the mortality of ten fish was recorded from lower to higher concentrations. Behavioural abnormalities such as fast opercular beating, loss of schooling, loss of balance, erratic swimming and secretion of copious amount of mucus on the body was observed in fish during the toxicity tests. The prominent feature of death was stretching of muscles and loss of equilibrium.

3 tables, 50 ref