010685   Singh R K;Pandey M K (Zoology Dep, J.P. Univ, Chapra, Bihar) : Toxicological effect of fluoride on the growth of fingerlings with special reference to Channa marulicus. Asian J Anim Sci 2009, 3(2), 203-4.

Study was carried out to investigate the impact of fluoride on growth of fingerlings of freshwater fish, Channa marulicus. They were made to expose to different sublethal doses of fluoride (30 mg/1 of water and 60 mg/l of water) for three months. Age watching control was maintained fdr the period of experiment. Observation revealed that fluoride concentration as well as exposure had an impact on the growth of fishes.

1 table, 4 ref

010684   Singh R B;Kumar A;Kumar S;Singh A K;Imam S; Singh A;Kumari A (Zoology Dep, Magadh Univ, Bodh Gaya, Fish Research Lab. M.R.M. College, Darbhanga) : Regional distribution of water, protein content and calorific values of different tissues in the pre-spawning phase of an air breathing catfish, clarias batrachus (Linn.). Proc Zool Soc India 2009, 8(2), 63-6.

Water, protein and Calorific values in different tissues of Clarias batrachus ( Linn ). during the pre-spawning period were studied. From amongst brain, kidney, liver and muscle, the highest protein content (21.78%) and calorific values (5.776 K. cal.g^{-1) are found in liver and lowest in brain i. e. 19.01% and 5.281 K. cal.g-1 respectively. Water content is found to be inversely proportional to protein content and Calorific values.}

1 table, 11 ref

010683   Singh B K;Singh S K;Singh B B (Zoology Dep, Magadh Univ, Bodh Gaya, Bihar) : Comparative studies on diversity and seasonal abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates in ponds of Gaya. Natn J Life Sci 2009, 6(2), 145-55.

Deals with the studies of monthly fluctuations in benthic invertebrate population of Rabindra Sarovar and Kendui Tank, Gaya. Present investigation reveals that eleven benthic macroinvertebrate species grouped in 3 main classes i.e. 3 species of Oligochata, 3 species of Insecta and 5 species of Gastropoda were present in Rabindra Sarovar. In Kendui tank, altogether 15 benthic invertebrates of five classes were present i.e. 1 species of Oiigochaeta, 2 species of Hirudinea, 5 species of Insecta, 1 species of Pelecypoda and 6 species of Gastropoda. The highest diversity was observed in summer, slightly less in winter and lowest during monsoon months in both the ponds. The total number of species decreased during the rainy season.

5 tables, 28 ref

010682   Singh A K;Varma K;Sharma D K S (Chemistry Dep, M.U. Bodh Gaya, Gaya) : Quality assessment of drinking water in the viinity of domestic waste water drain of AMAS block bazar. Proc Zool Soc India 2009, 8(2), 113-21.

Present research study was focussed to evaluate the Physico-Chemical and biological quality of drinking water of Amas Bazar and Waste Water of the its domestic drains and the influence of waste water on ground water m adjacent areas. Water samples were collected from open wells, deep wells like hand pipe or tube wells as well as wastewater from the drains and they were analysed for P^{H, Electrical conductivity, Ca, Mg, F. total.dissolved solid turbidity dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total conforms. The research study was carried out from September to December 2008. The average values of these prameters in open wells and deep wells were found well within the limit of WHO standards except fluorides and total conforms. In almost all the samples, of open wells, fluorids concentration was found nearly 1.8 mg/L, in tube wells water it was 1.4 mg/L. In wastewater F cencentration was nearly 2 mg/L. Similar was the case with total conforms which was nearly 3 MPN/100 ml in open wells while in tubewel/s it was nearly O MPN/100 ml. But in waste water it was 4-5 MPN/ 100 ml. Results indicated that waste water is highly contaminated and it also affected the quality of drinking water of open wells.}

3 tables, 22 ref

010681   Siddiqui M S;Ahmad K A A;Deshpande V D (P.G. Dep of Zoology & Fishery Science, Science College, Nanded-431 602, Email: dr.mssiddiqui50@yahoo.com) : New Indian grass gall-midge (Lasiopteridi: Cecidomyiidae: Diptera) from Maharashtra, India. Bionano Front 2010, 3(1), 97-8.

This contribution reports the description of a new species, Lasioptera granularisae, reared from the earheads of Mnesithea granularis", (L), form Bhokar forest, Dist. Nanded, Maharashtra, India. This new species can be distinguished from the known species under this genus in characters of its antenna, palpus and ovipositor.

15 illus, 6 ref

010680   Shyamala Vijayavathi B;Saraswathi S (Zoology Dep, Avinashilingam University for Women, Coimbatore-641 043) : Effect of different inoculum levels of Meloidogyne incognita on Hibiscus cannabinus. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2008, 28(3), 387-9.

Pot culture experiment was conducted to determine the pathogenic potentiality of Meloidogyne incognita on Hibiscus cannabinus at different inoculum levels (250, 1000, 5000 nematodes/pot). Significant reduction in all growth parameters (length and weight of shoot and root and number of leaves) was observed at 5000 nematodes/pot. Number of galls and egg masses produced per plant showed an increase as the inoculum level increased. Maximum number of galls and egg masses was recorded at 5000 nematodes/pot.

2 tables, 8 ref

010679   Shobha Sah;Sah M P;Ojha J;Munshi J S D (Zoology Dep, S.M. College, T.M. Bhagalpur Univ, Bhagalpur, Bihar) : Spatial distribution of three types of cranial muscle fibers of a freshwater major carp, Catla catla (HAM.). Natn J Life Sci 2009, 6(2), 201-8.

Studied have been made in the osteomyol'jgy and histochemistry of the cranial muscles, to evaluate the functional efficiency and cytochemical activity (SDH) of the different muscles of a freshwater major carp, Cat/a cat/a (Ham). Anatomical description of the cranial muscles of this fish has been given with special reference to the respiratory pumps. Cranial muscles are mainly concerned with the gill ventilation and feeding. Two types of muscles viz. compressing muscles and expanding muscles which take part in the respiratory function. Cytochemical studies have been made on the cranial musculature, to demonstrate the presence and absence of lipid and respiratory enzymes like succinic dehydrogenase (SDH). Except adductor mandibulae 1st (Ad₁), all the compressing cranial muscles were composite muscles being composed of red and white muscle fibers. The adductor maxibularis - (Admx) muscle was composed of red, white and intermediate muscle fibers, except rectus cervices, all the expanding muscles were composite muscles being composed of red and white muscle fibers.

1 illus, 2 tables, 27 ref

010678   Shivabasavaiah;Sathya Kumar B S;Krishna Ram H (Sudies in Zoology Dep, Mysore Univ, Mysore, Karnataka) : Seasonal changes in the vas deferens of Indian flap shell turtle Lissemys punctata. Natn J Life Sci 2009, 6(2), 125-30.

Seasonal changes in the vas deferens of Indian Flap-shell turtle Lissemys punctata were studied in regenerative, reproductive and regressive stages for three consecutive years. The vas deferens did not reveal any change in weight in all the three stages. Histological observations revealed that, during breeding season the vas deferens showed maximum growth and in non breeding season the vas deferens regress, showing contraction of tubules and the epithelium become thin and cuboidal in shape. The tubules were very broad and the epithelium was highly columnar. The increase in size of the tubules during the breeding season caused shrinking and close packing of the connective tissues in between the tubules. Monthly changes in all the three histometric parameters of the vas deferens like diameter, thickness of muscularis and height of epithelium showed close correlation with that of the testicular cycle. The diameter of vas deferens and height of epithelium were low during the period of regression and regeneration while it was high, reaching peak during the months of May to August, which were the months of intense reproductive activities.

2 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

010677   Shashi Kiran S;Kanchan;Joshi M (Zoology Dep, D.A.V (PG) College, Dehradun) : Treating whip worm with traditional medicines: in vitro. Proc Zool Soc India 2009, 8(2), 55-61.

Anthelmintic resistance, due to long term and continuous drug application, also become a threat to continuing livestock production. Presently, three common traditional herbs (Allium sativum, Curcuma longa, and Chenopodium album ) were selected for their anthelnintic efficacy for Tricuris ovis (Sheep whip worm). Adult worms were recovered from the freshly slaughtered sheep and goat intestine, and incubated in lock Lewis solution at 37 degree centigrade along with fresh herbal extract of all three herbs. Three concentration were made 10%, 50%, and 100% Parasites were fixed and processed forhistological studies after 4hrs herbal exposure. In Vitro studies show immediate paralytic effect on nematodes, less mortality, on one hour exposure only in 100% herbal concentration of Allium sativum. The active component allicin ofAlium astivum is highly toxic for Tricuris ovis. The body wall showed remarkable degeneration in stichcytes and bacillary muscles. Whereas Cur cumin of curcuma longa and ascaridole of Chenopodium album is less effective for Tricuris spp with high mortality of six hours at 100% herbal extract and minimal degeneration in reproductive organ.

7 illus, 10 ref

010676   Shashi A;Neetika S;Bhardwaj M (Zoology Dep, Punjabi University, Patiala-147 002, Email: shashiuniindia@yahoo.co.in) : Fluoride induced depletion of mucosubstances in rat brain cortical slices. Biosci Biotechnol Res Communs 2008, 1(1), 42-6.

Effect of fluoride on concentration of muscosubstance in cortical regions of brain of rats intoxicated with 30, 45, and 75 mg NaF/kg bw/day respectively for 20 and 35 days was investigated. The control rats were injected double distilled water 1cc/kg bw/day for the same period. The mucosubstance content in the brain of fluoride treated rats was studied by PAS staining method and it was noted that there was an overall decline in the cerebral mucosubstances as compared to control. Its content was decreased in the neural membrane and neuroplasm of glial cells in cerebral cortex of brain of rats exposed to 30 mg NaF/kg bw/day, while in rats treated with 45 mg NaF/kg bw/day, a decrease in PAS positive mucosubstances in neural membrane and neoroplasm but enhancement in nucleus was noticed. In rats of 75 mg NaF group, the muscosubstances were decreased in all cell regions of glial cells of cerebral hemisphere.

7 illus, 12 ref

010675   Sharma S;Das B (Zooogy Dep, Cotton College, Guwahati, Assam) : Fish diversity of river Kopili in Assam. Proc Zool Soc India 2009, 8(2), 87-92.

Preliminary ichthyological surveys have been conducted in river Kopili of Assam during the period from August, 2008 to February, 2009. The river is a lotic water body and most of the species are found to be lotic water species. The Indian major carp (IMC ) were also recorded from almost all the zones of the river Kopili. In the present study 53 fish species were recorded. Results of the study and fish biodiversity have been discussed.

3 tables, 15 ref

010674   Sharma P;Sharma N;Joshi S C (Reproductive Toxicology Unit, Zoology Dep, Rajasthan Univ, Jaipur, Rajasthan) : Effects of copper oxychloride on reproductive function of male albino rats. Natn J Life Sci 2009, 6(2), 157-61.

Fungicides are chemical compounds or biological agents used to kill or inhibit fungi or fungal spores. Fungicides vary enormously in their potential for causing reproductive toxicity in humans and animals. The effects of copper oxychloride on sperm dynamics and tissue biochemistry at the dose level of 50 mg/kg. b.wt/day for 30 days were observed in male albino rats. The body weight of animals did not show any significant change, however a significant reduction was observed in testes and sex accessories. Highly significant Decline in sperm motility and sperm density were observed. Fertility test showed 75% negative results. Fructose, glycogen and sialic acid contents of testes and sex accessories were decreased whereas the protein and cholesterol contents were increased at significant levels. Thus obtained results collectively indicated that copper oxychloride caused toxic effects on male reproductive functions.

2 tables, 24 ref

010673   Sharma P;Kurde S (School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh) : Ultra violet radiation shielding by nano zno sunscreen. Natn J Life Sci 2009, 6(2), 237-42.

Describes the analysis of antioxidant redox status and affects in in vitro UV radiation on epidermis and dermis albino rats. The action of ZnO as a protection sheild against UV radiation was also studied and same has been described.

4 tables, 27 ref

010672   Sharma K K;Shvetambri;Verma P (Zoology Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir) : Rotatorian taxonomy of a subtropical freshwater pond of Jammu (J&K). Natn J Life Sci 2009, 6(2), 163-6.

Rotifers constitute an important link in the food chain of an aquatic ecosystem. A significant amount of work has been done concerning the rotifers inhabiting temperate environment but comparatively fewer studies on the rotifers of subtropical have been undertaken. As a consequence to this an extensive survey encomprising the rotifer fauna of a subtropical freshwater pond of Jammu viz. Dilli village pond was carried out. Study revealed the presence of 17 species of rotifers belonging to 12 genera spread over 10 families and 3 orders. The study was carried out for a period of twelve months from May, 2005 to April,2006.

20 ref

010671   Sharma I;Mehta H S (NO, Zoological Survey of India, High Altitude Zoology Field Station, Solan-173 211) : Ichthyo-diversity of tributaries of river yamuna (Dist. Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh). Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2008, 28(3), 343-7.

Studies were carried out to acquaint with ichthyo-diversity of tributaries of river Yamina (Dist. Sirmour, H.P.), which comprised of 71 species belonging to 7 orders and 37 genera spread over 14 families. The richness of cyprinid fishes (55%) was observed in the district followed by family Sisoridae (13%), Homalopteridae (11%), Channidae (4%), Bagridae (4%) and Notopteridae (3%).

1 illus, 11 ref

010670   Shantibala T;Singh T K (Entomology Research Lab, Life Sciences Dep, Manipur University, Canchipur-795 003) : Life table, age-specific fecundity, rate of increase and stable age distribution of Lampides boeticus (Linnaeus) on pegeonpea crop. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2008, 28(3), 313-8.

Studies on life table, age-specific fecundity, rate of increase and stable age distribution of Lampides boeticus (Linn.) on pigeonpea crop were carried out at Manipur University during January and February, 2001. The results on the survival of different stages of L. boeticus showed 40% mortality in the overall development from egg stages to pupae. The maximum numbers of eggs (m_x = 47.4) were laid on the 2nd day with an average fecundity of 130.60 eggs/female in the approximate generation times of 48.28 days. The accurate (r_m) and approximate estimate rate of increase (r_c) was 0.07809 and 0.0780 times, respectively. The finite rate of increase (λ) was 1.081 female/ female/ day and the time required to double (DT) the population was 8.89 days. On reaching the stable age distribution, the maximum population was contributed by larval stage (62.24% among the entire life cycle of insects.

1 illus, 4 tables, 7 ref

010669   Shakunthalamma L;Shakuntala K;Meera B K (Zoology Dep, B.M.S. College for Women, Bangalore-560 004) : Comparative studies on the weberian ossicles in Mystus cavasius and Mystus bleekeri. Proc Zool Soc India 2009, 8(2), 1-10.

Weberian apparatus of any Ostariophysian (Otophysian) fish reveals either three (Tripus, Intercalarium and Scaphium) or often four (Tripus, Intercalarium, Scaphium and Claustrum) osteological elements, in order to facilitate acute auditory reception. The present paper reveals a comparative account of weberian apparatus of two fish species of Siluriformes (super order : Ostariophysi). The species under consideration for present investigations are: I. Mystus cavasius. II. M. bleekeri. In depth studies on the gross anatomy of weberian ossicles of the selected species was carried out, followed by morphology and morphometrics of each individual ossicle. The data gathered on morphometrics (total length of fish, total length and width of tripus) of selected species was subjected to linear regression analysis using SPSS-Computer package, to arrive at meaningful conclusion regarding the probable relationship between the variables. During the present studies interestingly, it was observed that, in Mystus bleekeri, the second weberian ossicle viz:- intercalarium was associated with a vertical process, disproving the earlier studies of Masurekar (1962).

13 illus, 4 tables, 7 ref

010668   Sasikala G;Neelanarayanan P (P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti-621 007, Email: pnn31@hotmail.com) : Food and reproductive habits of Rattus rattus. Ann Pl Prot Sci 2009, 17(1), 247-8.

^ssc2 tables, 3 ref

010667   Sarada P T (NO, Calicut Research Centre of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Calicut-673 005, Email: ptsarada@yahoo.com) : On the fishery and some aspects of biology of Penaeus (Melicertus) canaliculatus (Olivier, 1811) landed at puthiappa, Kozhikode, southwest coast of India. J Mar Biol Ass India 2009, 51(1), 126-9.

The annual catch of Penaeus (Mellcertus) canaliculatus varied from 353 to 7090 kg with an average of 2009 kg during 2003-2007. The fishing season was from January to June. The total length of males was 91-195 mm and females 86 to 230 mm in the fishery. Females dominated the catch. Crustacean remains were dominant in stomach contents (63.9%) followed by molluscan shells (22.5%). About 78% of females were in spent stage of ovarian development and 5.7% were with ripe ovary. The peak spawning months were February and June. The fecundity varied from 1,55,400 to 2,36,600 eggs with an average of 1,85,733. L_∞ and K were 200 mm and 1.9 for males, and 237 mm and 2.0 for females, respectively. Length-weight relationship was Log W = -5.1287+2.99997 Log L for male and Log W = -5.1900+3.0271 Log L for female.

6 illus, 17 ref

010666   Sanjay Kumar;Arvind Kumar;Anju Kumari;Asha Singh;Poonam Rani;Chaturvedi M K;Nirala M K (Zoology Dep, Magadh Univ, Bodh Gaya) : Evaluation of haematological make up of fresh water fish, Mystus vittatus (Bloch) in relation to body weight. Proc Zool Soc India 2009, 8(2), 67-71.

Different haematological parameters in relation to body weight have been studies in Mystusvittatus(Bloch); The erythrocytes(1.96-2.84/mm^{3), Hb content (6.80-9.80g/ml) and PCV (14.00 - 29.22% ) increase from lower to higher weight group ( 19.0 - 98.5). With unit increase in the body weight of the fish, the erythrocyte, haemoglobin and PCV increase by a fractional power of 0.207, 0.205 and 0.357 respectively. The correlation coefficients were very high. The absolute values such as M. C. V., M. C.H. C. and M. C.H. in relation to body weight have also been studies in this fish.}

2 tables, 11 ref

010665   Sanghai P K;Kshirsagar H S (Zoology Dep, Shivaji A.C. & Sci. College, Kannad-431 103, Email: prashant.sanghai@rediffmail.com) : Occurrence of ciliate protozoa, Diplodinium consors (Dogiel, 925) with two formae from the rumen of Indian cattle (Bos indicus). Bionano Front 2010, 3(1), 88-90.

Rumen fluid samples were collected and observed to study the taxonomy of rumen ciliate protozoa belonging to genus Diplodinium from the adult Indian cattle (Bos indicus). The exhaustive taxonomic studies on ciliates in ruminants have been made in different parts of the world but only a few such studies have been made in India. In the present study 814 rumen fluid samples were collected for a year and observed to study the rumen ciliates belonging to the subfamilies Diplodiniinae and Ophryoscolecinae. The paper deals with the morphology of Diplodinium consors {Dogiel 1925) and the two formae viz. D. consors f. spinulosum (Imai et al 1992) and D. consors f bispinulosum (Imai et al 1992). In the present study D. Consors recorded from the rumen of Bos indicus in India as new host record and two formae described as first new record in India. Their body measurements and variation of characters are recorded and critical comments are made on their specific identity.

2 tables, 26 ref

010664   Sangappa S;Srinivasa G;Raju B;Dandin S B (NO, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore-570 008) : Association between quality and price of bivoltine hybrid cocoons transacted in Karnataka. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2008, 28(3), 377-82.

Cocoon price fixation according to quality has played an important role in improving cocoon production. The productivity and quality of raw silk produced are depends on quality of raw material, reeling process, human skill and quality of water. The quality of cocoon alone would determine 80 percent of quality and productivity of raw silk produced. Reeling is a critical activity of sericulture linking cocoon production with that of silk fabric production. Of the several parameters used to measure cocoon quality, Shell Ratio (SR) & DC, Cocoon Percentage (DCP) have been identified as the most significant ones. The SR & DC, Cocoon Quality Index (CQI) and Estimated Renditta are calculated as per the procedure followed by Chiyuki Takabayashi (2004). The results indicated that the increase in the estimated renditta has a negative effect on the proce of cocoons and vice versa. Hence the cocoon testing prior to auctioning plays an important role in fetching meaningful returns to the farmers as well as the reelers.

3 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

010663   Sambyal P;Sanjeev Kumar;Sahi D N (Zoology Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir) : Comparative studies on the daily activity budget of Macaca mulatta and Macaca munzala. Natn J Life Sci 2009, 6(2), 177-82.

The comparative study was made on the two species of macaque namely Macaco mulatta of Jammu and Macaca muitzala (newly discovered species from the high altitudes of Western Arunachal Pradesh) in order to investigate the time activity budget exhibited by these macaques. The daily activity cycle of Macaca mulatto residing in the different ecological habitats of Jammu comprises of various activities like feeding, locomotion, resting, grooming and playing. The activity cycle of rhesus monkeys in different ecological habitats varied greatly as feeding was the most preferred activity (18.9%) in temple sector while locomotion was recorded to be greatest in the forest habitat (15.87%). Among all ecological habitats grooming was found to be maximum in the temple area (8.51%) and resting (15.54%) was noticed to be the activity of top priority in roadside troops. The analysis of the data revealed that there were differences in the activity budget of the two species of macaques the observatory rhesus monkeys in forest habitat rests more, groomed and locomote less than the Macaca munzala. These variations in the activity profile were mainly attributed to the abiotic factors viz. photoperiod, temperature and rainfall etc. and the habitat occupied by the species. So, activity profiles are one way to approach the problem of how animal budget their time and may be useful in suggesting how a species utilize resources and adapts to its environment.

4 tables, 15 ref

010662   Sah L;Suman R K;Ramkrit Kumar (Zoology Dep, R.K.D. College, Patna-20) : Histochemical localization of polysaccharides in the alimentary canal of khapra beetle Trogoderma granarium, (EVERT).. Proc Zool Soc India 2009, 8(2), 15-23.

Several histochemical tests were performed to observe the localization ofverious types of polysaccharides in the different sections of the alimentary canal of Trogoderma granarium, ( Evert). Many investing results were found as regard to the localization and intensity of varying degree for different cellular components of the three sections of the alimentary canal of the beetle. It is observed that the concentration of varying intensity of simple polysaccharides, glycogen and acid mucopolysaccharides were found to be localized in all the tissues under this investigation. As a matter of facts, in foregut glycogen is found to be present in high concentration. Both simple polysaccharides and acid mucopolysaccharides are present in comparatively low concentration. In midgut, acid mucopolysaccharides is present in moderate concentration, simple polysaccharides and glycogen are found in relatively higher concentration. But in hindgut, simple polysaccharides and acid mucopolysaccharides are present in fairly good concentration, whereas glycogen is present in very high concentration. Therefore simple polysaccharides and acid mucopolysaccharides provide energy for doing any work and essential component of tissues.

8 illus, 24 ref

010661   Sagade G A;Pejaver M K (Zoology Dep, B.N. Bandodkar College of Science, Thane-400 601) : Diversity of insect fauna from the household biocompost. Bionano Front 2010, 3(1), 67-70.

Bio-composting is one of the most beneficial and eco-friendly activity in current age to cope up with the increasing pollution in all the strata. Household composting is a simple way to manage kitchen and garden waste. In this compost, along with the microbes, there is a large population of helpful macro organisms especially insects. However, the data available is fragmentary and it is necessary to have a detail investigation of the same. Hence, the study was carried out to find the diversity of insects from different household Biocompost. Different extraction methods were used for the separation of fauna. Phylum Arthropoda and class insecta among it were dominant. The observations thus reveal the un-noticed diversity of insect fauna from the household biocompost.

11 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

010660   Sadhotra M;Tripathi N K (Zoology Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir) : Irradiation effect on the chromosomal complements of Daphnis nerii (Sphingidae : Lepidoptera). Natn J Life Sci 2009, 6(2), 193-5.

Impact of ionizing radiations like X-rays and Y-rays in inducing chromosomal aberrations has been elaborated in many species of plants and animals. The nature of chromosomal aberration induced by Cu-X-radiation at λ=1.5418 A°, V=30 Kvp and I = 10 mA for two minutes in the 4th-5th instar larvae of Daphnis nerii (Sphingidae : Lepidoptera) were studied. In general, the chromosomes gradually become shorter and condensed but as the dosage time was increased from 2 to 3 1/2 minutes, clumping of chromatin material, fragmentation, sticky chromosomes, vacuoles inside cells were recorded. The effect of radiations on larvae was dependent on the irradiation dosage, preconditioning and physiological status of the larvae. X-irradiation was undertaken with a view to find the clastogenic/genotoxic effect of X-rays on the cells of the larvae.

6 illus, 4 ref

010659   Rekha Kumari;Prasad R R;Ranjana Kumari;Mallik R (Zoology Dep, Colege of Commerce, Patna-20) : Fish kill in an undrainable composite fish culture pond. Proc Zool Soc India 2009, 8(2), 37-41.

Interesting case of fish mortality in an undrainable composite fish culture pond of 0.6 hectare near Patna due to sudden appearance of a bacterial bloom associated with drop of dissolved oxygen to lethal levels is described. Results of on the spot bioassay test, plankton and bacterial population, community respiration in sediment and water and chemical demand of oxygen have been presented. Possible reasons for the sudden shift in certain parameters in the ecosystem have been discussed.

4 tables, 10 ef

010658   Reddy R M;Paul R;Shembekar V S (Zoology and Fishery Science Dep, Rajarshi Shahu Mahavidyalaya, Latur, Email: rajeshreereddy71@gmail.com) : Flight parameters and flight behaviour of Turdiodes caudatus. Bionano Front 2010, 3(1), 81-2.

The study is principally aimed to understand the flight parameters and flight behaviour of a bird called Turdoides caudatus. The result is based on the study of 12 numbers of birds which were trapped especially for the purpose. The study showed that T. caudatus is a poor flier.

3 tables, 9 ref

010657   Ramakrishna S;Manohar Reddy B;Radha Madhav Y R;Mohana Radhika M;Bhaskar M (Zoology Dep, S.V.U. College of Biological and Earth Sciences, S.V. Univ, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh) : Influence of thyroxine hormone induction on the portein fractions in the intestine of silkworm larvae, [Bombyx mori (L.)]. Asian J Anim Sci 2009, 3(2), 138-41.

The popular silkworm, [Bombyx mori(L.) Jhybrid (PMxNB₄D₂) were fed on V₁ variety of mulberry leaves treated with thyroxine hormone (1ml of thyroxine solution sprayed on 5g of mulberry leaves) in every day, every feeding from the first day of III instar and to end of the V instar. The effect of thyroxine on the intestine protein metabolism was analysed in the V instar silkworm larvae. Quantitative changes of protein profiles, their ratios and some key enzymes were analysed. The total, soluble and structural protein levels were significantly increased over control on administration of thyroxine. The S.P./T.P. and S.P./St.P. ratios were higher over control where as the St.P./T.P. ratio was lower over control. The key enzymes like A1AT, AAT and GDH recorded significant elevation over control on administration of thyroxine. The altered protein content, protein ratios, transaminases and GDH indicates that the administration of hormone was induced metabolic modulations which might be essential for improved production of cocoon.

1 table, 32 ref

010656   Ramakrishna S;Manohar Reddy B;Basha S S;Guru Sekhar M;Venkata Subbaiah N;Bhaskar M (Zoology Dep, S.V.U., College of Biological and Earth Sciences, S.V. Univ, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh) : Impact of thyroxine hormone on protein fraction of fat body in v instar silkworm larvae [Bombyx mori (L.)]. Asian J Anim Sci 2009, 3(2), 110-13.

Influence of thyroid hormone on Jaya hybrid (PMx NB₄D₂) silkworm, Bombyx mori (L.) larvae was studied. The hormone was fed through mulberry (Morus alba) leaves from the 1st day of III instar to 5th day of V instar silkworm larvae. Quantitative changes of proteins fractions and protein ratio were studied in the tissues of fat body of silkworm larvae. The total, soluble and structural protein levels were significantly increased in fat body. The ratio of soluble proteins/ total proteins was significantly higher than control. The structural proteins/total proteins ratio also noted similar pattern. The ratio of soluble proteins/structural proteins showed no significant change over control. The increased protein content in the fat body may indicate the acceleration of the protein biosynthetic process in view of the hormone treatment

1 table, 27 ref

010655   Rajneesh Kumar;Sanjoy Kumar (Zoology Dep, J.J. College, Jhumritelaiya, Kodarma) : Serum protein concentration in Catla catla exposed to organophosphate pesticide with reference to season and sex. Proc Zool Soc India 2009, 8(2), 25-9.

Deals with variation in the Serum Protein level in Catla catla when exposed to commercial grade of Cythion with reference to season and sex. Significant decrease in the Serum Protein level is observed.

4 tables, 8 ref

010654   Radhakrishnan E V;Chakraborty R D;Thangaraja R;Unnikrishnan C (NO, Central Marine Fisheries Institute, Cochin-682 018, Email: evrkrishnan@yahoo.com) : Effect of Nannochloropsis salina on the survival and growth of phyllosoma of the tropical spiny lobster, Panulirus homarus L. under laboratory conditions. J Mar Biol Ass India 2009, 51(1), 52-60.

The first successful advanced (stage VIII) larval development of the tropical spiny lobster, Panulirus homarus L. under laboratory culture has been achieved in a short span of 42 days. The culture treatments were maintained in two different systems, one with microalgae. Nannochloropsis salina (30-40 million cells/mL) and the other without microalgae. Phyllosoma attained stage VIII (5.25 mm) and stage V (3.36 mm) with an intermoult period of 4-6 and 5-9 days in the two systems respectively. The larvae moulted nine and six times in the microalgal and non-algal systems, respectively. Phyllosoma were fed with freshly hatched live Anemia salina nauplii (0.32 mm) for an initial period of 10 days, followed by juvenile Anemia (1.45 -1.54 mm) enriched with microalgae for the subsequent 15 days. Anemia enriched with commercial polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrate (DHA-Selco) was fed to the larvae for the rest of the culture period. Salinity and temperature were maintained at 33 ± 2 ppt and 28 ± 2 °C, respectively, while the pH recorded an optimum of 7.9 ± 0.5. The microalgal larval rearing system had lower bacterial load (total heterotrophic marine count, 1.0 X 10^{3 CFU m L-1 and total Vibrio sp. count, 20 CFU/mL) compared to the non-microalgal system.}

3 illus, 1 table, 40 ref

010653   Radhakirshore Singh R K;Singh T K;Sattar Shah M A (Zoology Dep, Manipur College, Imphal, Manipur) : Life table studies of Leucinodes orbonalis guen (Lepidoptera-Pyralidae) on brinjal. Natn J Life Sci 2009, 6(2), 131-5.

Observation on the life table, stable age distribution and life expectancy of Leucinodes orbonalis Guen, were carried out in the laboratory on brinjal. The net reproductive rate (R₀) was evaluated as 60.76 females/female/generation. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and finite rate of increase (λ) were worked as 0.1258 and 1.13 females/female/day respectively. The life expectancy of L.orbonalis declined gradually with the advancement of age.

5 tables, 12 ref

010652   Pramodini M;Mohilal N (Parasitology Lab, Life Sciences Dep, Manipur University, Canchipur-795 003) : Two new species of Criconematoidea (Nemata : Tylenchida). Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2008, 28(3), 329-35.

Two new species of the family Criconematoidae Taylor, 1936 are described and illustrated. Females of Ogma ngariama sp. n. are characterised by presence of continuous fringe of digitate spines on the body annule with hooks and a collar like neck region with fused annuli. Females have elongated conoid tail with terminus sometime appearing bilobed. Male have slender tail with enlarged, tapering hyaline extension and finely pointed terminus. Ogma thangima sp.n. females can be distinguished by the continuous unequal fringe of spines on the body annules which are sharply pointed in the posterior portion and presence of two smooth annuli in the cephalic regions that are equal in size.

2 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref

010651   Pramod Kumar;Rao A P (Fisheries Dep, N.D. Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Current status of fish fauna of river gomti in Faizabad and Sultanpur districts of U.P., India. Asian J Anim Sci 2009, 3(2), 225-30.

4 tables, 21 ref

010650   Prabhakar A K;Roy S P (Zoology Dep, T.M. Bhagalpur Univ, Bhaglapur-812 007, Email: amit.zoology@yahoo.co.in) : Biology and life table of Diaphania indica saunders [Lepidoptera : Pyraustidae] on cucumber, Cucurmis sativus. Proc Zool Soc India 2009, 8(2), 43-9.

Describes the life cycle and life table of Cucumber caterpillar, Diaphania indica Saunders, a serious pest of cucumber of the north-eastern part of Bihar (India). The population of Diaphania indica increased with an intrinsic rate (r_m) of 0.0141 and finite rate (e) 1.106 females/female/day. Net reproductive rate (R_o) was recorded as 56.446 and one generation was completed in 39.556 days. The expectation of future life at the 45 days of pivotal age was reduced to 0.485 day from 8.342 days in the beginning. Hatchability, fecundity and mortality rate (q_x) of this pest have been worked out. The work was conducted at room temperature of about 30° C in laboratory.

9 illus, 4 tables, 8 ref

010649   Pawar S K;Rathod D S;Shaikh I M (Zoology Dep, Gramin Mahavidyalaya, Vasantnagar, Tq. Mukhed Dist. Nanded, Maharashtra) : Ecological study on predatory fishes of Kundrala dam taluka Mukhed in Nanded district (MS) India. Bionano Front 2010, 3(1), 99-100.

In investigation, common ecological observations of Predatory fishes have been studied from Kundrala dam in month of June 2005 to May 2006. The Kundrala reservoir is one of the most important aquatic resources from Mukhed taluka in Handed district (M. S.). It is situated at 770, 19', 30" longitude and 180, 37', 45" latitude. The water of the reservoir is supplied to the Jai Shiv Shankar Sugar Factory and the main scope of this dam is irrigation, fish culture and drinking purposes.

1 table, 5 ref

010648   Patwardhan A P;Athalye R P (Zoology Dep, B.N. Bandodkar College of Science, Chendani, Thani-400 601, Email: amolppatwardhan@gmail.com) : The jump of some species of click beetles (Coleoptera: elateridae). Bionano Front 2010, 3(1), 71-2.

A preliminary statistical analysis of the jump and the body parts of 9 species of click beetles is reported. The beetles were collected from various parts of Maharashtra, in various habitats. The analysis was carried out in the controlled laboratory condition.

2 tables, 6 ref

010647   Pandit R S;Sharbidre A A;Jaybhay Y (Zoology Dep, Pune Univ, Pune, Maharashtra) : Effect of temperature on the development and survival of Trichogramma brasiliensis (Ashmead), an egg parasitoid of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner). Natn J Life Sci 2009, 6(2), 169-72.

Agriculture plays a greater role in the economic status of developing countries; as it provides livelihood to vast majority of people. The most pressing problem today in agriculture is the need to reduce the losses of crops and their products from the attacks of insect pests. Therefore to prevent the damage to agriculture, forestry and horticulture, insect control needs attention on war footing. Realizing the magnitude of problems posed by insect pests, various methods are used to control insect pest including biological control. In the present study the Trichogramma brasttiensis was used as a biocontrolling agent to control the population of the insect pest Helicoverpa armlgera, a polyphagous pest of pulses, cereals, cotton, vegetables, etc. The mass breeding of parasitic and predaceous insects is one of the important aspect of integrated pest management, especially biological control of insect pest. However, success in raising large broods or rearing of insects under artificial conditions depends mainly upon thorough study of their habits and ecobiology, especially their reaction to different range of temperatures and relative humidity. In the present study, Trichogramma brasiliensis, an egg parasitoid of H. armigera was studied in relation to different range of temperatures at the laboratory conditions ranged from 10°C to 40°C. The developmental period and survival was found to be 14, 12, 10, 07, 06, 05 days and 32, 58, 64, 76, 56, 52% parasitism respectively (P<0.05). The optimum temperature was found for maximum survival and emergence of adult parasitoids was 25°C.

2 tables, 13 ref

010646   Neelanarayanan P (P.G. and Research Dep of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College (Autonomous), Puthanampatti, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu) : Population dynamics of baran owl (Tyto alba stertens Hartert 1929) in a portion of cauvery delta, India. Asian J Anim Sci 2009, 3(2), 156-62.

The population of barn owl (Tyto alba) along with their reproductive status was studied in Tranquebar Taluk (in about 35 sq. km), Nagappattinam district, Tamil Nadu between February 1993 and January 1995 with special reference to availability and non-availability of crops and associated rodent population. The population estimation of barn owls was carried out in the daytime. The populations of field rodents were estimated by following live burrow count method in paddy, pulses (green gram and black gram), sugarcane, cotton field crops and fallow lands. The results indicated that there were many breeding pairs of barn owls between the period November and April. The number of nesting pairs reached a peak between February and April. Further, the barn owl nested (either eggs or any developmental stages like chicks, sub-adults was observed) during all months of first year of study (1993-1994), but this was not so during the second year of study (1994-1995). Maximum number of roosting barn owls was observed from May through August. The number of adults, sub-adults and chicks of barn owls was found to be maximum (77) during March 1993 while they were minimum (8) during June 1994. The rodent population in the field crops comprised of Bandicota bengalensis, Millardia meltada, and Mm booduga. The crop fields and fallow lands in the study area had smaller populations of rodent in February 1994-January 1995 than in February 1993-January 1994. The results of the present study obviously indicate that the barn owls are dependent on rodent pests' numbers for their reproduction.

4 tables, 31 ref

010645   Mustafa Shah G;Jan Ulfat;Fayaz Ahmad Ahanger (P.G. Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190 006, Email: fayaz_sultan@yahoo.co.in) : Factors affecting nest success and hatching success of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) in Hokersar wetland of Kashmir. Biosci Biotechnol Res Communs 2008, 1(1), 25-7.

Total of 41 mallard nests containing 326 eggs were found during the two year study period (2004-05) in Hokersar wetland. Out of these 17 nests failed completely to hatch. Overall nest success was 58.54%. The various factors responsible for nest failure were the abandonment of nest by the female (17.07% of the nests), flooding (9.76%) of nests) and predation (14.63% of nests). Out of the total 326 eggs 174 eggs hatched successfully. Overall hatching success was 53.37%. The various factors responsible for low hatching success were predation (15.65% of eggs), abandonment of nests by the female (14.11% of eggs), flooding (11.04 of eggs) and faulty incubation and infertility (5.83% of eggs).

2 tables, 10 ref

010644   Mohite S A;Mohite A S (Fisheries Biology Dep, College of Fisheries, Shirgaon, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra) : Age and growth of the shortneck clam, Paphia malabarica (Chemnitz) in estuarine regions of Ratnagiri, West coast of India. Asian J Anim Sci 2009, 3(2), 235-40.

^iia2 illus, 42 ref

010643   Meera B K;Shakuntala K;Shakunthalamma L (Zoology and Genetics Dep, Government Science College, Nrupatunga Road, Bangalore-560 001) : Structure and seasonal changes in the ovary of a freshwater brachyuran crab, Barytelphusa jacquemontii (Rathbun). Proc Zool Soc India 2009, 8(2), 93-104.

Barytelphusa jacquemontii (Rathbun) is a freshwater brachyuran crab belonging to the family Gecarcinucidae (sub-family: Gecarcinucinae) of the class Crustacea. The paired 'H' shaped ovaries of the species showed histo-morpho/ogical changes during various stages of maturity which can also be correlated with the four relative seasons of an annum, cool-dry, hot-dry, hot-wet and cool-wet. A minute oviduct leads into the seminal receptacle that receives sperms during copulation and stores, Oogonia and young oocytes develop in the germinal zone, present in the centre of the ovary, thus exhibiting centripetal differentiation. The residual oogonia occurred throughout the year to divide shortly after ovulation facilitating the supply of new crop of germ cells for the succeeding breeding season. It was learnt that the female of the species has a restricted breeding period from late cool-dry to hot-dry season of each year.

4 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref

010642   Marngar D (Zoology Dep, Synod College, Shillong-793 002) : Natural stages of development in Oxya hyla. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2008, 28(3), 337-42.

Normal development of O. hyla in laboratory condition is similar to that of natural conditions. Male and female cycles are different with one stage more in female. Hence, the adult males are smaller in size than females. Life history of O. hyla is a seasonal cycle and is greatly influenced by the environmental factors. Low temperatures responsible for retarded seasonal cycles and higher temperatures fasten it. The eggs hatch at early spring till late summer and developing hoppers spread out over the entire growing season. Hoppers have revealed various behavioural responses and have their own ways of reacting to environmental factors.

1 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

010641   Margaret Muthu Rathinam A;Kandasami D; Kizhakudan K;Leslie V A;Gandhi A D (NO, Research Centre of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, 75 Santhome High Road, Raja Annamlai, Puram, Chennai-28, Email: amrathinam@rediffmail.com) : Effect of dietary protein on the growth of spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus (Linnaeus). J Mar Biol Ass India 2009, 51(1), 114-17.

Feeding experiments were conducted on the spiny lobster Panulirus homarus (Linnaeus) with pellet diets containing three protein sources viz., fish meal (diet A), squid meal (diet B) and clam meal (diet C). The protein (%) and digestible energy levels (kJg^{-1) were 34.2, 35.8, 35.5 and, 13.75, 13.95, 13.94 respectively for diet A, diet B and diet C. The results indicate that the clam meal diet gave the highest growth of 10.9% (±1.99), followed by squid meal 7.3% (±0.97) and fish meal 6.9% (±0.56). The protein energy ratio was almost equal for all the diets. The one - way ANOVA indicated that weight gain, protein efficiency ratio (PER) and food conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly different (p < 0.05) among the groups receiving different diets but the food consumed was not significantly different.}

3 tables, 21 ref

010640   Mamatha M;Balavenkatasubbaiah M (NO, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore-570 008) : Identification of productive bivoltine silkworm breeds tolerant to BmIFV (Bombyx mori infectious flacherie virus). Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2008, 28(3), 297-305.

Infectious flacherie of silkworm, Bombyx mori is caused by BmIFV (Bombyx mori Infectious flacherie virus). The disease is common and often results in cocoon crop loss. An integrated silkworm disease management practices have been suggested to manage the diseases at farmers level. However, the most preferred management practice in any field is the exploitation of disease resistance. Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore, India has evolved several productive and disease tolerant bivoltine breeds and hybrids. In this direction, in the study 15 promising productive bivoltine silkworm breeds viz., CSR2, CSR4, CSR6, CSR16, CSR17, CSR26, S1, S5, 5HT, 8HT, D13, D15, 5N, 61N and JPN8 were inoculated with an infective dose of BmIFV (10^-4 dilution of BmIFV stock inoculum) and larvae were reared for 12 days under optimum rearing conditions and the cumulative mortality up to 12 and 15 days were recorded. The mortality due to BmIFV was confirmed following sero- diagnosis method to determine the tolerance/susceptibility status of the breeds against BmIFV. The average data of three trials indicated that all the breeds tested are susceptible of BmIFV and they differ in their level of susceptibility. Among 15 breeds tested, 5N was found most tolerant with 25.11 and 35.44% mortality, whereas CSR2 was found most susceptible to BmIFV infection with 67.56 and 93.33% mortality on 12th and 15th day post inoculation respectively. Lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) for 12th day and 15th day post inoculation were calculated for 5N and CSR2 breeds. The LC₅₀ values for each instar of silkworm also indicated the 5N was found most tolerant breed against BmIFV with high LC₅₀ values (10^-3.760, 10^-2.769, 10^-1.721, 10^-1.417 and 10^-1.489 dilution of 10% stock inoculum on 12th day and 10^-5.698, 10^-4.858, 10^{-2.968, 10-2.427 and 10-2.201 dilution on 15th day post inoculation for 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th instar respectively). CSR2 was found most susceptible breed with low LC₅₀ values (10-12.698, 10-10.987, 10-9.073,, 10-7.255 and 10-6.009, 10-12.698, 10-10.987, 10-9.073, 10-7.255 and 10-6.009 dilution for 12th day and 10-13.203, 10-12.715, 10-11.459, 10-9.719 and 10-8.343 dilution for 15th day post inoculation for 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th instar respectively).}

1 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref

010639   Langer S;Karlopia S K;Yahya Bakhtiyar (Zoology Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir) : Effect of different feed on the growth and survival of post larvae of fresh water prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii in Jammu. Natn J Life Sci 2009, 6(2), 187-92.

Larvae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (PL) were procured from CIFE, Mumbai and transported to the Department of Zoology, University of Jammu for experimental purposes. Four different diets viz., Diet I (Mixed Zooplanktons), Diet II (Live Chironomus}, Diet III (freeze dried Tubifex) and Diet IV (Artificial Feed) were fed to the post larvae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii for 42 days of rearing period in 20 litre plastic tubs at a stocking density of 1 prawn per liter of water. The results on the basis of mean weight (0.259±0.0056), specific growth rate (3.781±0.100) and survival rate (95%) for Diet II (Live Chironomus) were found to be highest and significantly different (P<0.05) from rest of the three (I, III & IV).

1 table, 38 ref

010638   Lahir Y K (Biology Dep, Jai Hind College, Kandivli (E), Mumbai) : Effects of administration of adrenaline on glucose and glycogen in Tilapia mossambica (Peters) and Macrones gulio (Hamilton). Asian J Anim Sci 2009, 3(2), 163-6.

Reports on the comparative study on the effects of adrenaline administration in fresh water, herbivore fish-Tilapia mossambica and a marine carnivore fish-Macrones gulio. The adrenal administration caused increase in the glucose contents in liver and blood of T. mossambica up to 4 hours and declined thereafter. While glucose contents in heart and body muscles showed decline up to 4 hours and thereafter a tendency to elevate. The glucose contents in liver and blood of M. gulio increased within 4 hours and then declined. The glucose contents in heart muscles of this fish exhibited decline up to 4 hours and then showed a tendency to elevate while glucose in body muscles declined up to 24 hours. The glycogen contents of liver, heart muscles and body muscles of T. mossambica and M. gulio reduced within 4 hours because of administration of adrenaline followed by tendency to elevate.

4 tables, 14 ref

010637   Kumarasamy P;Sukumaran M;Muthukumaravel K; Murthy A (PG Department of Zoology, Khadir Mohideen College, Adirampattinam-614 701) : Impact of cadmium and lead on calcium content in an estuarine clam Meretrix casta. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2008, 28(3), 349-52.

Effect of heavy metals cadmium and lead on the total calcium level was studied in an estuarine clam Meretrix casta under laboratory conditions. Calcium content in the digestive gland, gills and mantle tissues of the 14 days exposed clam showed a significant increase with increase in exposure period. The increased amount of calcium was in the following order mantle tissue > digestive gland > gills. A significant reduction in the calcium level was observed in the clams after depuration.

4 tables, 18 ref

010636   Kumar P A;Rajalingam G (Zoology Dep, Osmania Univ, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh) : Changes in carbohydrate metabolism in fresh water major carps Catla catla and Labeo rohita due to helminth parasites. Natn J Life Sci 2009, 6(2), 197-200.

Parasitism in biology is a condition of an organism, which obtains its nourishment wholly or partially from the body of another living organism. It brings about extensive modifications in host, histologically, chemically and biologically. In this study light is thrown on carbohydrate metabolism of Catla catla and Labed rohita these are very important edible and commercial fishes. These fishes are extensively parasitized by some helminthes like Pallisentis nagpurensis, Lytocestus indicus, Euclinostomum laterostomum. A post infected study on these fishes, showed a lot of variations in carbohydrate metabolism related to total carbohydrates, glycogen, pyruvate, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase.

4 tables, 4 ref