013808   Joshi H K;Bahuguna P;Dobriyal A K (Zoology Dep, H.N.B. Garhwal Univ, Central Univ, Pauri Campus, Pauri Garhwal-246 001) : Length-weight relationship between brain and body of a hillstream fish Nemacheilus botia (Ham-Buch). Aquacult 2009, 10(2), 317-19.

Tfeepapfer deals with the quantitative analysis of fish brain in relation to body length and body weight in Nemacheilm botia. There was a consent growth of all dependent variables in relation to the selected independent variables.

1 table, 8 ref

013807   Jawale C A;Ugale B J (Zoology Dep, S.M.P. College, Murum, Tq. Omerga Dist. Osmanabad, Maharashtra) : Study of malarial parasite, disease of rural people with reference to some special villages Omerga taluka (M.S.) India. Flora Fauna 2009, 15(1), 149-52.

Malarial parasite and disease have been studied from some village in a Omerga Taluka (M.S.) India.

2 illus, 4 tables, 7 ref

013806   Jagtap H S (Zoology Dep, Majalgaon Arts, Science & Commerce College, Majalgaon, District Beed-431 131, Email: hjagtap@yahoo.com) : Fish diversity of Majalgaon dam, district Beed, Maharashtra, India. Aquacult 2009, 10(2), 217-28.

Majalgaon Dam is one of the largest water reservoir in Marathwada region. It is perennial water resource for human consumption and agriculture. Biodiversity as an emerging economic resource of great promise. There is no report on the biodiversity of Majalgaon Dam with special reference to the fisheries. In the present work attempts were made to study the diversity of fish. About 31 species of fish were identified. Among them 20 species are in abundant quantity, 8 species moderate and 3 species are rear. Some fish species fecundity was recorded. The important physico-chemical parameters were also studied.

3 tables, 27 ref

013805   Ishrat Mohi-ud-din;Borana K;Singh M;Qureshi T A (Zoology & Applied Aquaculture Dep, Barkatullah Univ, Bhopal) : Bacteriological investigations on EUS affected fish, Channa gachua. Biosci Res Bull 2009, 25(2), 107-12.

The EUS affected fishes, Channa gachua were caught from local water body of Bhopal and brought to the laboratory. They exhibited symptoms like loss of scales and appearance of haemorrhages and ulcers on the general surface of body. Bacteriological examination of fishes showed the presence of two types of bacteria viz. Aeromonas hydrophila and Psendoinonas fluoresccns.

1 table, 27 ref

013804   Hazarika R;Goswami M M (Zoology Dep, Gauhati Univ, Guwahati-781 014, Email: hazarika.rabindra@gmail.com) : Aquatic insects association with macrophytes- a study in two fish ponds of Guwahati, Assam, India. Aquacult 2009, 10(2), 167-77.

Ecological study has been conducted to relate the abundance, diversity and seasonal occurrence of aquatic insects associated with free floating, submerged and rooted emergent vegetation in two ponds named as Pond A and Pond B at Gauhati University Campus, Guwahati, Assam, India. Pond A is man made and manually maintained water body while Pond B is a naturally managed reclaimed swamp. Altogether 27 species of aquatic insects belonging to 5 orders and 14 families and 23 genera have been recorded in association with 15 species of aquatic macrophytes. Hemiptera tops the list with highest number of associated taxa followed by Coleoptera, Odonata, Ephemeroptera and Diptera. The Pond B harbours 14 species while Pond A only 9 species of macrophytes. Highest density of insects in association with the plants is recorded during pre-monsoon in Pond B. Seasonal population density varied between 466 m^{2 and 307 m2 with a mean of 370 m-2 ± 89.66 in Pond A and between 696 nr2 and 450 m-2 in Pond B with a mean value of 554.99 m-2 ± 129.1. Eichhornia crassipes is recorded to be the most abundant species harbouring highest number of insects throughout the study period followed by the submerged plant species Hydrilla verticillata.}

1 illus, 8 tables, 28 ref

013803   Hazarika A;Borah U;Borah M M;Bordoloi L;Sarma H N (Zoology Dep, Chaiduar College, Gohpur, Sonitpur, Assam-784 168, Email: hajit68@yahoo.com) : Documentation of ecology and food plant of Bos frontalis (Mithun) in Arunachal Pradesh (India). J Envir Res Dev 2010, 4(3), 687-94.

During the last few years' study on some physical aspects of Mithun is available in Arunachal Pradesh (India) has been done by workers as mentioned elsewhere in this report. However, many of the information, like food habit and food plants, anatomy and histology of the internal organs have remained to be done. Mithun being a vulnerable and a flagship species of the state of Arunachal Pradesh, needs a detailed study and documentation of the pure breed in every scientific aspect like pathology, organ details, and histology, enzyme, hormone profiles, blood profiles and genetics, etc. In this context, main objective of the present study is to focus on food (Plants) and feeding habit and ecological status of Mithun. To attain the goal of the objectives it is necessary to have a census of Mithun population which is not available till now. In this regards, firsthand knowledge were collected from certain tribes of Arunachal Pradesh and Mithun breeding farms run by the Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry under Government of Arunachal Pradesh.

2 illus, 13 ref

013802   Gupta S K;Rana D (Zoology Dep, D.B.S. (P.G.), College, Dehradun-248 001, Email: skg.doon@gmail.com) : On a new synonym of Barilius tileo Hamilton from Doon valley (Uttarakhand)-a critical taxonomical analysis. Aquacult 2009, 10(2), 195-208.

Deals with a critical taxonomical analysis of the specimens of fish identified as Barilius tileo from Song river in Eastern part of Doon Valley (Uttarakhand) in me light of Barilius dimotptricus sp. nov. described from the same locality by Tilak and Husain (1990). They, on one hand regarded it closely related to Barilius tileo but on the other different in as many as 12 most distinguishing features (as compared to Day 1878,1889). This communication thoroughly analyses the present material in the light of the taxonomic descriptions of Barilius tileo available in literature and comes to firm conclusion that Barilius dimotphicus be considered conspecific to Barilius tileo and hence a new synonym.

6 tables, 58 ref

013801   Growther L;Rekha R;Hemashenpagam (Microbiology Dep, Hindusthan College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore-28, Email: lalijps@yahoo.co.in) : Virulence traits of Streptococcus from dental caries, its tolerence to mouthwashes and clove extract. Biosci Res Bull 2009, 25(2), 79-85.

The mutans streptococci comprise a group of seven species of which Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus are the predominant species isolated from human saliva and dental plaque (Loesche, 1986). Clinically the reduction in mutans streptococcal counts not only reduces the caries increment, but may also reduce the probability of transmission of mutans streptococci from mothers to their young children (Emilson, 1994; Kohler and Andreen, 1994). The present investigation was aimed at the following objectives: Isolation of Streptococcus mutans and S.sobrinus from dental caries patients and to study their virulent properties. Effect of mouth washes like chlorhexidine, benzydamine and sodium fluoride on Streptococci showed that chlorhexidine is an effective mouthrinse. As a natural remedy, antibacterial activity of clove extracts were analysed. Ethanolic extracts of clove showed higher antibacterial activity.

2 tables, 11 ref

013800   Gawde M M;Chandge M S;Shirdhankar M M (NO, College of Fisheries, Shirgaon, Taluka Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, Email: piscesmg@gmail.com) : Efficacy of adoption of improved shrimp farming techniques by shrimp farmers operating along south Konkan region, Maharashtra, India. Aquacult 2009, 10(2), 265-71.

To achieve eco-friendly and sustainable development of shrimp farming, adoption of improved shrimp fanning practices is necessary. An attempt has been made in this study to collect data from shrimp farmers along the south konkan region of Maharashtra to judge the level of adoption of improved aquaculture practices. The data was collected by personally interviewing the farmers with the help of questionnaire. Descriptive score sheets for each of the recommended practice was constructed with zero, one and two scores. The adoption quotient obtained by the shrimp fanners ranged from 50 to%.88 with the mean of 76.18. It was observed that there was quite high extent of adoption for some of the practices such as use of check trays and adjustment of feed accordingly (95.0%), formation of bloom in colour range of brownish to yellowish before stocking (92.5%). It was also seen that there was quite high partial adoption among the shrimp farmers w.r.t. frequent checking of water parameters (82.5%), checking of healthiness of seed before packing (72.5%).

5 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref

013799   Gautam R K;Parvin A;Irshad S (Zoology Dep, School of Life Sciences, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Univ, Khandari Campus, Agra-282 002) : Biochemical responses in the blood plasma of freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus (Linn.) after exposed to nuvan. Aquacult 2009, 10(2), 235-40.

Study has been undertaken to investigate the responses of certain blood biochemical parameters of walking catfish, Clarias batrachus (Linn.) after exposed to sub lethal concentration, 22 ml (1/10 of LC₅₀) of Nuvan (Dichlorvos) at different time intervals 24hrs, 48hrs, 72hrs, and 96hrs. The present study showed statistically significant increase value in plasma glucose level and significant decrease value in plasma cholesterol level.

2 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

013798   Gaur A;adhakrishnan M V (Zoology Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar-608 002) : Alterations in carbohydrate metabolism of the freshwater fish, Channa striatus (Bloch.) against sublethal cadmium exposure. Geobios 2009, 36(1), 17-20.

The glycogen content in liver and muscle tissues of cadmium exposure fish showed a significant decrease from controls. The blood showed a steep hike in glucose. The lactic acid was increased in blood and muscle.

1 table, 19 ref

013797   Gambhir R K;Gyaneswori I;Tarnita T H; Chinglenkhomba A;Indrani C H;Zenith N G (Parasitology Laboratory, Life Sciences Dep, Manipur Univ, Canchipur-795 003) : Anterogoniporus, an interesting new genus of the family oxyuridae (Oxyurida: Nematoda) from the wall lizard from Manipur, India. Flora Fauna 2009, 15(1), 131-3.

A new genus of the family Oxyuridae-Anterogoniporus n. g. is described with its type species-A. filicaudatus n. g., n. sp. from Manipur. The new genus is recovered from the house wall lizard, Hemidactylus flaviviridis and is peculiar in having the female genital opening at the anterior end of the body close to the mouth opening and presence of 7-8 rows of strong muscle fibers in the form of bands running transversely, crossing the posterior end of the body at regular intervals.

5 illus, 5 ref

013796   Gaikwad S M;Aland S R;Bharmal D L;Gaikwad Y B;Bhawane G P (Zoology Dep, Bhogawati Mahavidyalaya, Kurukali-416 001) : Hatching, moulting, pupation and eclosion behaviour in Papilio polytes polytes Linnaeus. Geobios 2009, 36(1), 91-3.

Eggs of common mormon, Papilio polytes polytes laid on the tender leaves and shoots of Murraya koenigii collected from the natural habitat were maintained in laboratory. The hatching, moulting, pupation and eclosion require a period of 100 ± 10 sec, 120 ± 10 sec, 30 ± 4 min and 60 ± 10 min, respectively. The timing of hatching occurred any time during daylight, whereas moulting only during morning hours, pupation only in the early night hours and eclosion at dawn only.

4 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

013795   Dwivedi A C (Riverine Div, Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR), 24 Panna Lal Road Allahabad-211 002, Email: saajjjan@rediffmail.com) : Ecological assessment of fishes and population dynamics of Labeo rohita (Hamilton), Tor tor (Hamilton) and Labeo calbasu (Hamilton) in the Paisuni river. Aquacult 2009, 10(2), 249-59.

Study was carried out between December 2003 to June 2004 in the Paisuni river. The Paisuni is a tributary of the Yamuna river. The average pooled catch was 14.8% for Labeo calbasu, 4.88% for L rohita and 1.27% for Tor tor. Aorichtbys spp. 8.53% formed a sizeable part of the total catch. Cyprinus carpio and miscellaneous group was contributing only 6.43% and 12.3%, respectively. Major carps constituted 31.2% in the total landing. The population dynamics of L. rohita, T. tor and L calbasu collected from the Paisuni river at Kanwi and Chitrakoot were analyzed using length-frequency based FiSAT soft ware. The L∞ and K were 833 mm and 0.56 yr^{-1 for L. robita, 787 mm and 0.61 yr-1 for T. tor and 612 mm and 0.28 yr-1 for L calbasu, respectively. The rate of total mortality (Z), fishing mortality (F) and natural mortality (M) was computed to be 3.67 yr-1, 2.73 yr-1 and 0.94 yr-1 in case of L rohita, 5.57 yr-1,4.57 yr-1 and 1.0 yr-1 in T. tor and 1.86 yr-1,1.21 yr-1 and 0.65 yr-1 in L. calbasu, respectively. The exploitation rate was maximum in T. tor and minimum in L. calbasu. The present study indicates over exploitation (E > 0.50) of Z. rohita, T. tor and L calbasu stocks in the Paisuni river.}

2 illus, 3 tables, 56 ref

013794   Dutta A;Bhattacharya D K (Zoology Dep, Kalyani Univ, Kalyani-741 235, Email: dr_ashokdutta@yahoo.in) : Diversity of insect fauna associated with macrophyte in fresh water wetlands of West Bengal. Envir Ecol 2009, 27(2), 671-6.

Deals with the diversity of insect fauna associated with the macrophyte during the period January 2002 to December 2004. The fresh water wetlands supports suitable growth of macrophytes and offers ample micro-niches to diverse insects groups. Qualitative study reveals the presence of four major orders of insect represented by a total of 89 species under 26 families and 65 genera. Order Hemiptera represented by 28 species under 8 families and order Coleptera represented by 31 species under 7 families are the two highest order of insect associated with macrophyte. The aquatic macrophyte species recorded during study period are listed. These macrophytes are represented by 49 species belonging to 28 plant families and 35 plant genera.

2 tables, 18 ref

013793   Deshmukh U S (Zoology Dep, Govt. Vidarbha Institute of Science & Humanities, Amravati, Maharashtra) : Spiders fauna from G.V.I.S.H. campus, Amravati (M.S.). Envir Conserv J 2009, 10(1-2), 149-51.

The spiders from G.V.I.S.H. Campus. Amravati (M.S.) were collected from first week of August to last week of November 2008, using insect nets, tapping sticks, umbrella, pit fall trap etc. During the study 470 specimens were collected from different area of campus.35 species belonging to 12 families were identified. Family Araneidae represented 7 species, Salticidae represented 6 species, Oxyopidae and Eracidae represented 4 species, Theriddidae and Thomisidae represented 3 species each, families Lycosidae and Pholcidae represented 2 species, families Clubionidae, Philodrpmidae, Tetragnathidae Uloboridae, represent single species. The population of spiders was abundant. Species richness and diversity was high during the month of September and October, the population of species Stegodyphus was observed largely during the month of November.

1 table, 3 ref

013792   Debnath M;Pramanick K (Zoology Dep, Asutosh College, Kolkata-700 026, Email: kousikda@rediffmail.com) : Seasonal changes of aphids and their predators on sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) in Garhwalaya Himalayas. Envir Ecol 2009, 27(3), 1083-6.

Extensive survey was conducted on aphid infestations, seasonal occurrence and their predators on sugarcane from six localities of three different zones of Garhwalaya Himalaya. Aphids were collected from these localities throughout 2005-2007. The study indicates that there are eight species under five genera of aphids and 11 species of predators under five genera. Among all of these aphid species, sugarcane woolly aphids SWA are causing serious damage.

2 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

013791   Chesti A;Qureshi T A;Balkhi M H;Shah F A; Banday M T (Faculty of Fisheries, SKUAST-K Rangil Ganderbal, Jammu & Kashmir-190 006, Email: anayitchesti@rediffmail.com) : Growth response and carcass composition of common carp (Cyprinus carpio vas. communis) fed with varying protein and energy ratio. Aquacult 2009, 10(2), 161-6.

An experiment was conducted on growing stage of common carps under laboratory conditions fed with formulated feeds and a commercial diet with a varying protein and energy ratio reared for a period of 8 weeks. The feed was dispensed @ 4% body weight. The water stability of different formulated diet containing highest fish meal ingredient (diet-C) remained appreciably water stable up to 1 -hour. The growth rate was highest in the group of fishes fed diet C containing protein energy ratio of 25.27 and lowest in the group of fishes fed with diet D containing P/E ratio of 22.23. The net weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratios were also highest in the fishes fed diet-C and lowest in fishes fed diet D. However, the protein efficiency ratio and protein retention efficiency were highest in the groups of fishes fed with diet-A, The alkaline and acid phosphatase activity in liver, gills and intestines were highest with diet-C. Similarly highest RNA: DNA levels of fish muscle was recorded with the diet C and lowest in the group of fishes fed with diet D. Suggesting that the fishes fed dietary protein level of 45.6% and P/F ratio of 25.27 showed more synthesis and accumulation of protein. Similarly RNA: DNA ratios were also better in the same group of fishes which correlates closely with growth and protein synthesis. It may be concluded that the formulated diet with higher P/F ratio exhibited better growth corroborating with similar trends with regards to RNA: DNA ratio which might have occurred due to higher protein utilization and better amino acid and protein synthesis.

4 tables, 16 ref

013790   Chavan S P;Deshai R B;Jadhav S S; Radhakrishnan M V (Zoology Dep, S.B. Science College, Aurangabad-431 001) : Effect of copper sulphate on glycogen in the fresh water fish, Garra mullya. Aquacult 2009, 10(2), 309-11.

The lethal effect of copper sulphate on (he Muscle gfycogen, liver, Kidney were estimated in the fresh water fish, Garra mulfya. Fishes were exposed to the lethal concentration of copper sulphate. Fluctuation observed in the metabolites of gfycogen indicates the possible arrival of anaerobic condition of the exposed fishes.

1 table, 8 ref

013789   Chavan S P;Deshai R B;Jadhav S S; Radhakrishnan M V (Zoology Dep, S.B. Science College, Aurangabad-431 001) : Toxic effect of copper sulphate on lipid of a fresh water teleost Garra mullya. Aquacult 2009, 10(2), 191-3.

Heavy metals are continuously released into the terrestrial environment by natural sources and human activities. One of them copper sulphate is effect on the aquatic animals. In this study the lethal effect of copper sulphate on the liptd in muscle, liver and kidney were estimated in fresh water fish, Garra muttya. Fishes were exposed to the lethal concentration of copper sulphate, Fluctuation observed in the metabolites of lipid.

1 table, 12 ref

013788   Chaudhary O;Shinde D (Zoology Dep, Govt. P.G. College, Dhar, Madhya Pradesh) : Aquatic biota of a trapa-cum fish culture at Munj Sagar pond, Dhar, M.P. (India). J Envir Res Dev 2009, 4(1), 165-70.

The fish cultivation chiefly depends on the availability of natural food items. The present paper deals with the seasonal changes in aquatic population in Munj Sagar pond, Dhar (M.P.). Man made effects through Trapa culture and worship waste materials acclerates plankton growth. Due to continuous culture of Trapa high eutrophication have been noticed, which should be cleared by desiltting. The integrated farming has surely led to the enrichment of heterotrophic and detritus food chain. The worms developing on the decaying Trapa crops serves as food for carnivorous bottom dwelling fishes. The decaying of Trapa crop also add nutrients in pond leading to huge algal blooms as well as it is used as habitat by fish fingerlings and adult fishes for hiding, there by enhance aquaculture productivity. The pick period of planktons was observed during monsoon period while slack period was observed during summer. The present article reflects the dominance of phytoplanktons indicating the fertility of the pond. Regarding the effects of Trapa on plankton and fishes, it was observed that except interfering in the netting of fishes, Trapa cultivation has very less effects on fish cultivation.

2 tables, 11 ref

013787   Bharambe C M;Wankhade B B (Zoology Dep, Vidnyan Mahavidyalaya, Malkapur, Dist- Buldhana, Maharashtra, Email: jscmb0128@rediffmail.com) : Imapact of bat guano on the growth of Triticum aestivum with reference to NPK content. Biosci Res Bull 2009, 25(2), 87-91.

Bat guano is an old faecal matter and was collected from the old temples located in the rim of Lonar crater situated within Parvani quadrangle (19∞ 58' N and 76∞ 31, E) in Maharashtra State India. In the present work, Bat guano was analyzed for its Nitrogen (N), Inorganic Phosphorus (ip), and Potassium (K). Efficiency of bat guano as organic manure was also assessed by amending it with soil. For this study Triticum aestivum plant was selected. In this study the germination time and growth factor with respect to height and colour intensity were recorded and concluded that the bat guano can be used safely as excellent biologically natural manure.

1 illus, 4 tables, 15 ref

013786   Bhalerao S S;Dhimdhime S D;Shinde V D;Surve P R (Zoology Dep, B.S. College, Basmat, District- Hingoli-431 512) : Seasonal variation of physico-chemical parameters of Rahati minor reservoir, Rahati, District-Parbhani (MS) India. Aquacult 2009, 10(2), 325-8.

Rahati weir is a minor water reservoir used for irrigation, drinking and domestic purposes or cultural of fish. The present investigation deals with the study of seasonal variation of physico-chemical parameter of Rahati water minor reservoir. The study was carried out during the year 2008 for a period of 12 months in three seasons. The parameters such as water temperature (°c), pH, total dissolved solid (TDS) mg/l, total hardness (TH) mg/l, calcium mg/l, phosphate mg/l, sulphate mg/l were studied. The P^{H shows alkaline trend, total hardness shows positive co-relation with dissolved}

1 table, 14 ref

013785   Barde R (Zoology Dep, S.G.B. College, Purna (Jn.) District-Parbhani-431 511, Email: ravibarde4u@rediffmail.com) : Organophosphate pesticides alters enzyme activities in fresh water crab Barytelphusa guerini. Aquacult 2009, 10(2), 321-4.

Freshwater crab Barytelphusa guerini has a great economic importance, which in terms of nutritive values. The pesticides, Sumidon and Acephate causing pollution of Godavari basin, therefore the efforts were made to study the effect of pesticides on enzyme activity in the various tissues like hepatopancrease, stomach and intestine of the crab Barytelphusa guerini. The treatment of pesticides showed that lipase, amylase and protease enzyme activity in the tissues are severely affected by the pesticides. Effects of these pesticides showed variation of enzyme activity in digestive system of the crab.

3 tables, 10 ref

013784   Banerjee S;Sanyal A K (Zoology Dep, Barrackpore Rastraguru Surendranath College, Kolkata-700 121, Email: asokzsi@yahoo.co.in) : Some features of soil microarthropod population with special reference to oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatei) in two different types of roadsides. Envir Ecol 2009, 27(3), 1132-8.

Study of the population density of the soil microarthropods was conducted from January to December 2007 along the divider of Eastern Metropolitan Bypass with heavy traffic load and a residential roadside of Barrackpore area with relatively less vehicular disturbance. The study reveals that population density of soil microarthropods was found to be higher in the residential roadside as compared to that of the road with heavy traffic load. The probable casue might perhaps be due to the impact of vehicular traffic disturbance on the soil microarthropod population which forces these microarthropods to burrow deeper into the soil or to migrate to the undisturbed adjoining areas. The number of species and Shannon diversity index was higher at the residential roadside. Temperature and moisture exhibited similar mode of correlation at either sites. In both the instances, temperature and moisture had strong negative and positive correlations respectively with the abundance of oribatid mites.

12 illus, 5 tables, 24 ref

013783   Bahuguna S N;Khatri S;Bahuguna G;Bahuguna D N (Zoology Dep, H.N.B. Garhwal Univ, Post Box-70, Srinigar Garhwal-246 174) : Morphology of the alimentary tract of three fishes of genus Noemacheilus (Family: Cobitidae) from Garhwal Himalaya. Aquacult 2009, 10(2), 209-15.

Morphology of alimentary tract of three hill-stream fishes namely Noemacheilus montanus (McClelland), N. rupicola (McClelland), N. bevani (Gunther) of Garhwal Himalaya region has been described in the present investigation. All the three species are bottom feeders. In them, the maxillary and pharyngeal teeth are present The gill rakers are short and pointed. The mastication of food takes place with the help of strong mucosal folds of pharynx, oesophagus, stomach etc. The stomach in these loaches is well developed with cardiac and pyloric regions. Intestine is short without loops. All the digestive structures show ecological adaptation according to their feeding habits.

1 illus, 20 ref

013782   Bahuguna P;Rakesh Kumar;Shah K K (Zoology Dep, L.S.M. Govt P.G. College Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand) : Breeding power and sex ratio in Barilius vagra (Ham.) from spring fed river Mandal, Garhwal Himalaya, India. Aquacult 2009, 10(2), 279-83.

The study deals with the analysis of breeding power and sex ratio of minor carp fish Barilius vagra in spring fed Mandal River in Garhwal Himalaya. The total fecundity of the fish varied from a minimum 510 to a maximum 7214 in the fish measuring to 55 mm to 89 mm respectively. The fecundity was highly dependent on the fish weight and fish length than any other body parameters. The sex ratio was near to the natural one for Barilius vagra.

1 table, 11 ref

013781   Asokan S;Mohamed Samsoor Ali A;Manikannan R (Zoology Dep, AVC College, Mannampandal-609 305, Email: asnsamsoor@yahoo.co.in) : Nest-site selection and nestling growth patterns of the common myna, Acridotheres tristis (Linnaeus, 1766). Geobios 2009, 36(1), 65-70.

Nest-site selection and nestling growth patterns of Acridotheres tristis studied in 67 nests, showed that it selected taller trees with dense canopy. The microhabitats such as agricultural lands, water bodies and electric line were closer to the nesting trees. The weight of newly hatched nestling was 3.9g and reached 94.66g before fledging. The other body parts attained maximum maturity from hatching to fledging.

2 tables, 31 ref

013780   Anandhan R;Hemalatha S (Zoology Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar-608 002) : Effect of aluminium on acetylcholinesterase in the tissues of the zebra fish, Brachydanio rerio (Ham.). Geobios 2009, 36(1), 97-9.

The sublethal toxic effects of aluminium in inhibiting actylcholinesterase activity (AchE) of brain, muscle, gill and liver tissues of the zebra fish, Brachydanio rerio was studied for a period of 28 days. The rate of inhibition on the activity of AchE increased with the duration of exposure.

1 table, 12 ref

013779   Ahmad T;Paul N;Sharma A K (Protozoology Research Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Lucknow Univ, Lucknow) : Occurrence of small free-living amoebae from natural water resources. Envir Conserv J 2009, 10(1-2), 21-6.

Small free-living amoebae are also called as amphizoic amoebae, because of their capability to exist both as free-living as well as opportunistically pathogenic. Some of the species of Naegleria and Acanthamoeba are known to cause fatal disease (Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis= RAM and Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis= OAE) of central nervous system affecting brain and amoebic keratitis affecting eyes. The purpose of our study was to find out whether small tree-living amoebae were also found in natural resource of water such as river and pond from Lucknow region. A total 68 samples of water were collected from six different sites of Gomti River and four different ponds from Lucknow city. A total 38 samples were found to be positive for small free-living amoebae. The most common amoebae present were species of Naegleria, Schizopyrenus. Acanthamoeba, Hartmennella and Vannella. Out of total 47 water samples from Gomti River, 27 samples were positive for amoebae and out of 21 samples of ponds examined 11 were found to be positive. The occurrence of these amoebae in natural water sources such as river and pond in Lucknow region poses a threat to human being for meddling with water without taking adequate care. Since the pathogenic strains of amoebae are known to infect human being via nasal route during swimming and/or via cut in the skin/body via haematogenous route. Exposure of eyes with contaminated water may cause amoebic keratilis in human being. A great awareness among masses is essential to educate about these new amoebic disease, their possible preventive measures and occurrence of these pathogenic amoebae from natural water resources.

2 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

013778   Agarwal M K;Harpal Singh (Fish Reproduction and Conservation Biology Research Lab., Zoology Dep, HNB Garhwal Univ Campus, Badshahithaul, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand) : Snowtrout fishery in Garhwal himalaya: causes of depletion and strategy for propagation. Envir Conserv J 2009, 10(1-2), 135-40.

Snowtrout (Schizothorax sp.) is an important group of fishes in Indian uplands and is prone to decline due to several anthropogenic activities and natural disasters. However, the natural behaviour of the group is also one of the important constraints for its self-propagation in the nature. It requires attention for the conservation and propagation through in-situ as well as ex-situ measures. The in-situ refers to - aquaculture under controlled conditions for propagation of the group by developing artificial breeding programmes for high seed requirement, better management of incubation patterns and rational management of water bodies including development of sanctuaries, where the fishing would be banned. The artificial breeding and snowtrout seed production technique in flow through hatchery can be adopted at commercial level for mass scale snowtrout seed production. Sometimes unavailability of either sex of the mature brooder at the time of artificial fertilization in hatchery is a major constraint in the artificial breeding programmes. Cryopreservation of gametes has emerged as a promising and a very useful technique to facilitate artificial breeding in several fishes. The Cryopreservation of milt of snowtrout finds its role right here. Initial attempts for developing Cryopreservation protocol for snowtrout milt are very much promising. More concerted efforts for commercializing the reproductive techniques including Cryopreservation of gametes will certainly be helpful for the strategic propagation of snowtrout in cold-water bodies.

25 ref

013777   Achyutha Devi J;Piska R S (Zoology Dep, Univ College of Science, Osmania Univ, Hyderabad-500 007) : Alterations in enzyme activities in the tissues of freshwater cat fish, Clarias batrachus (Linn) due to fluoride toxicity. Aquacult 2009, 10(2), 301-8.

Studies on fluoride induced alterations in enzymes like Succinate Dehydrogenase(SDH) and Malate Dehydrogenase(MDH) activities in the tissues such as liver, muscle, kidney, gill, and brain of freshwater cat fish, Clarias batrachus (Linn) were carried out The effect of fluoride was observed in different concentrations like 1, 10, 20 and 30 ppm on 1,30and 60days of exposure. SDH and MDH activities was measured. The SDH and MDH activities was focnd decreased in all the tissues, throughout the exposure span. Maximum depletion was observed on 60th day of exposure in 30ppm of fluoride concentration. In most of the cases the depletion of SDH and MDH activities significantly differed from the controls. Muscle showed maximum SDH activity followed by kidney, brain, liver and gill. Brain showed maximum MDH activity followed by kidney, liver, muscle and gill. The depletion of SDH and MDH may be due to fluoride toxicity and damage caused to the mitochondrial elements.

10 illus

013776   Abdul Razak I P;Fousi K (Zoology Dep, Unity Women's College, Manjeri-676 122) : Parasitic interactions between non-pollinating and pollinating fig wasps. Geobios 2009, 36(2-3), 197-9.

Figs are inhabited by numerous pollinating and non-pollinating wasps. The percentage of parasitism by non-pollinating ones was studied on five Ficus species which showed that there is a significant impact on the pollinator population. The low rate of parasitism indicates a stable host-parasitic relationship with pollinating wasps.

1 table, 4 ref

012738   Wanule D D;Sirsikar A N (P.G. Dep of Zoology and Fishery Science, Science College, Nanded) : Antimicrobial activity of Americal cockroach, Periplaneta Americana.. Bioinfolet 2009, 6(3), 219-23.

Ethanolic extract of American cockroach, Periplaneta americana showed in vitro differential antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtillis.

2 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref

012737   Walia V K;Wadhawan D (Entomology Sect, Zoology Dep, Punjab University, Chandigarh-160 014, Email: virinder_k_walia@rediffmail.com) : New species of Heteralcis meyrick (Lepidoptera: Lecithoceridae) from India. J appl Biosci 2009, 35(2), 169-71.

Heteralcis spatulata sp. nov., collected from a locality each in the two Indian states i.e. Haryana and Rajasthan, is described. With this, the number of species described under this genus from India is enhanced to four.

6 illus, 8 ref

012736   Tripathi G;Shasmal J;Singh H;Bandooni N (Zoology Dep, J.N.V. Univ, Jodhpur-342 033, Email: drgst@rediffmail.com) : Effect of thiouracil and thyroxine on enzymes, nucleotide and proetin profile of a catfish. Biochem Cell Archs 2009, 9(1), 123-7.

Effects of thiouracil and ttiyroxine on catalase (CAT), lactate dehydrogeaase (LDH), DNA, RNAand protein of brain, liver, gill and skeletal muscle of Heteroneustesfossills were investigated. Exposure of thkmracil, the specific activity of catalase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as well as DNA. RNA and protein content in different tissues were studies. Injection of thyroxine to thiouracil treated fssh increased all these biochemical constituents. The study suggests that antl-thyroidal effects can be abolished by exogenous administration of thyroxine in fish.

5 illus, 27 ref

012735   Tripathi G;Shasmal J;Banbooni N;Singh H (Zoology Dep, J.N.V. Univ, Jodhpur-342 033, Email: drgst@rediffmail.com) : Ascorbic acid induced changes in some biochemical constituents of a freshwater fish. Biochem Cell Archs 2009, 9(1), 129-33.

Effect of ascrobic acid on the specific activity of catalase (CAT) and lactate dehydrogease (LDH) and some macromolecules contents (DNA, RNA, protein) in brain, liver, gill and skeletal muscle otHeteropneustesfossUis were studied. Ascorbic acid produced approximately 1.3-2.4 fold increase in the specific activity of CAT and LDH. Similarly, DNA, RNA and protein content increased upto 2 fold in different tissues of the freshwater catfish. This reflects ascorbic acid - induced increase in anabolic activity of the fish.

5 illus, 22 ref

012734   Timande J;Tembhare D B (NO, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Pipri, Wardha-442 001) : Hypopharyngeal gland in relation to synthesis and chemical composition of royal jelly in the honey bee, Apis florea farb. (Hymenoptera: apidae). Bioscan 2009, 4(2), 237-40.

The hypopharyngeal gland complex is a paired beaded necklace-like structure lying in theventrolateral cephalic region of the worker bees. The hypopharyngeal gland consists of large number of acinae, each consisting secretory cells at the center and parietal cells peripherally. Both the glands discharge secretion in the axial ducts which open through orifices lying laterally on the hypopharyngeal plate. The hypopharyngeal gland complex is fully developed in the nurse bees while greatly reduced in the foraging and old bees. The histological and histochemical studies demonstrated vigorous secretory activity, synthesizing DNA and RNA in the nuclei and proteins and carbohydrates in the cytoplasm of the acinar secretory cells. The hypopharyngeal secretion is composed of targe amount of proteins and small amount of carbohydrates, besides a little concentration of lipid in the nurse bees while small amount of proteins and large amount of carbohydrates in the foraging and old bees showing reciprocal relationship between the protein and carbobydrate. SDS-PAGE analysis of hypo pharyngeal secretory material revealed in all 15 protein bands among which 8 represent prominent royal jelly proteins.

8 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

012733   Singh R;Ahbinav;Chaturvedi S K (Zoology Dep, S.C. Post-Graduate College, Ballia-277 001) : Occurrence of hypophysial vesicles in Channa punctatus (Bloch). Biochem Cell Archs 2009, 9(1), 63-5.

During experimental studies of photothermal effects (16L/8D-30°C and 8L/16D-30°C) on pituitary glands and gonads in Channapunctatus, the authors came across certain hypophysial vesicles situated in all regions of the adenohypophysis. Occurrence of hypophysial vesicles in the pituitary gland of Channapunctatus is comparable to primitive teleostean feature.

1 illus, 28 ref

012732   Singh K (Zoology Dep, Jagatpur P.G. College, Jagatpur, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh) : Allocreadium bimaculatusi sp. nov. (Allocreadiidae, Allocreadiinae) from fresh water fish Ompok bimaculatum Bloch from Gujartal at Jaunpur (U.P.) India. J appl Biosci 2009, 35(2), 184-5.

Allocreadium bimaculatusi sp. nov. has been described from the intestine of fresh water fish, Ompok bimaculatus Bloch from Gujartal at Jaunpur (U.P.), India.

6 ref

012731   Shashi A;Kapoor A;Bhardwaj M (Zoology Dep, Punjabi Univ, Patiala-147 002, Email: shashiuniindia@yahoo.co.in) : Oral and respiratory cancer: a clinical and epidemiological case study. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2009, 11(1), 55-9.

The study was conducted on 110 patients who presented with oral and respiratory cancer in the Departments of ENT, and Medicine and Radiotherapy, Government Rajendra Hospital, Patiala, India. The study showed that most of the patients had no familial history of these cancers. Most of the patients affected were males, in the age groups of 40-60 years. Most of the patients of oral cancer suffered from the tongue carcinoma (28.18%) and those of respiratory cancer suffered from esophageal carcinoma. The orodental hygiene of patients was generally poor. History of chronic smoking was recorded in 80 patients. Chronic alcohol consumption was noted in 70 patients. Betel nut chewing history was noted in 87 subjects. Non-vegetarian population i.e. 65.45% of the total was found to be more affected than vegetarian population which was only 34.54%. The patients were mostly from agricultural community. Rural section was more affected than urban one. No relationship between anemia, jaundice, cirrosis with oral and respiratory cancer patients was noted. However, there was decrease in the levels of haemoglobin. The various clinical features found associated with oral and respiratory cancer were loss of weight, dysphasia, and pain in breathing and swallowing, pain in throat while horseness of voice was found in the cancer of larynx.

14 tables, 15 ref

012730   Ruhela S;Pandey A K;Khare A K (Zoology Dep, Meerut College, Meerut-250 001, Email: akpandey_cifa@yahoo.co.in) : Changes in blood parameters of Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus) induced by experimental Procamallanus infection. J appl Biosci 2009, 35(2), 181-3.

Effects of experimental Procamallanus infection on blood parameters of Clarias batrachus were recorded. TEC, Hb and PCV declined whereas TLC increased during Procamallanus post-infection period. MCV and MCH recorded an increase on day 15 and 30 post-infection but MCHC displayed a significant decrease on day 15 and 45 post-infection in C. batrachus. Haematological alterations due to Procamallanus infection caused anaemia in the catfish.

1 table, 21 ref

012729   Radha A;Rajendran K (P.G. Dep of Zoology, K.N. Govt. College for Women, Thanjavur-613 005) : Impact of pesticides on protein level in the freshwater fish Labeo rohita (Ham.). Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2009, 11(1), 169-71.

Effect of pesticides metasystox and dimethoate on the protein content of the liver, muscle, gill and intestinal tissue of the freshwater fish Labeo rohita were estimated. Fishes were exposed to different sublethal concentration of pesticides (0.01, 0.02 and 0.03 ppm of metasystox and 0.06, 0.07 and 0.08 ppm of demethoate) for 21 days. Prior to the experimentation toxicity evolution was conducted to determine LC₅₀ value for 96 hrs. The protein content was significantly reduced in the tissues of Labeo rohita treated with pesticides. The depletion of protein content in liver, gill, muscle and intestine is directly proportional to concentration of pesticides. The percentage of protein reduction was so prominent in metasystox than demethoate. It implied that toxic stress alter the protein nature and nutritive value of the fish. Hence the present study suggested that aquaculture should be practiced in an unpolluted water bodies which are free from pesticides.

2 tables, 15 ref

012728   Prasad Y (Animal Science Dep, M.J.P. Rohilkhand Univ, Bareilly-243 006) : Prevalence, surveillance and virulence characterization of Flavobacterium columnare and F. Psychrophilum in Indian Catfishes of sub Himalayan region. Biochem Cell Archs 2009, 9(1), 71-82.

Twenty isolates of F. columnare (Fcl - Fc20) and eight isolates of F. psychrophilum (Fpl - Fp8) have been Isolated from different organs (kidney, spleen and necrotic tissue) of diseased Indian catfish (Clarias batrachus and Heteropneustes fossilis) exhibiting the overt signs of columnaris and cold water diseases, sampled from water bodies of sub Himalayan region. Significant (P<0.01) mortality has been noted in cat fishes of this region. Most of the Fc and Fp isolates exhibited morphological and biochemical characters similar to those of standard strain with slight variations such as Fcl - Fc3 formed yellow-orange and yellow-green and Fc2 - Fc4 appeared as yellow colonies with rhizoid edges, respectively on selective medium supplemented with tobramycin. They were gram negative rods and positive to H₂S production and starch hydrolysis but negative to nitrate reduction and glucose metabolism. They produced flexirubin type pigmentation and hydrolyzed gelatin. ELISA test revealed the prevalence of antibody titers in very few candidates of same age, length and weight groups of healthy C. batrachus and H. fossilis and immuno-fluorescence studies explicated their presence in the tissue of kidney and intestine of experimentally infected fish and hence cat fishes cultured in sub Himalayan region appear to be vulnerable and carrier of these pathogens.

7 illus, 1 table, 62 ref

012727   Pol S B;Patil V A;Kengar S B;Patil S S (NO, Yashwantrao Chavan College of Science, Karad-415 124, Email: prinyccsk@gmail.com) : Histopathological impact of larvin of liver of Lepidocephalus thermalis. Bioscan 2009, 4(2), 363-6.

Histological changes were observed in the liver of fish Lepidocephalus thermalis after Larvin exposure. Chemical composition of Larvin is thiodicarb and is stomach and contact insecticide. Histo-pathologicai effects of Larvin were cytoplasmic vacuolization of the hepatocytes, blood vessel congestion, necrosis and fatty infiltration, increased volume of sinusoidal space. The histochemical observation revealed marked reduction in glycogen contents of the liver cells as compared with the control fish. Acidic mucosubstances intensity was decreased at periphery and increased at the centre. These changes were dose and duration dependent.

6 illus, 19 ref

012726   Nwani C D;Nwoye V C;Afiukwa J N;Eyo J E (National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, , Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow-226 003, Email: didigwunwani@yahoo.com) : Assessment of heavy metals concentrations in the tissues (Gills and mscles) of six commercially important fresh water fish species of Anambra river south-east Nigeria. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2009, 11(1), 7-12.

Studies were carried out between June 2006 and May 2007 to evaluate the concentration of six heavy metals (iron, zinc, copper, lead, manganese and chromium) by atomic absorption spectrophotometer in the gills and muscles of six commercial fresh water fish species Mormyrus rume rume (Vallenciennes, 1847), Mormyrus tepirus (Pappenheim,1905), Marcusenius cyprinoides (Linnaeus,1758), Labeo coubie (Ruppell, 1832), Hepsetus odoe (Bloch,1794) and Protopterus annectens annectens (Owen,1839) from Anambra River South East Nigeria. The gills on the average absorbed more metals in all the fishes studied when compared with the muscles except in Hepsetus odoe (Bloch,1794). The order of heavy metal concentration in the fish species was Fe>Zn>Cu>Mn<62>Cr>Pb. While the concentration of Fe (except in the gills of M. rume rume (Vallenciennes,1847), Zn and Pb in the muscles and gills of all the six fish species studied were within the WHO and FEPA prescribed limits for food fish, that of Cu, Mn and Cr were above the prescribed limits thus indicating contamination of these fish species by these metals. The toxicological implications of this finding in relation to aquatic ecosystem and human health are discussed.

1 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

012725   Nikbakhtzadeh M R;Movahhedi N;Akbarzadeh K; Shaeghi M (Medical Parasitology & Entomology Dep, College of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares Univ, Tehran, Iran, Email: mnikbakht@modares.ac.ir) : Volatile compounds from dufour gland of the fire ant, Pachycondyla sennaarensis (Hymenoptera: formicidae). Biochem Cell Archs 2009, 9(1), 37-41.

The fire ants of Pachycondyla sennaarensis are found in southern Iran where their stinging behaviour is a new source of health concern. Volatile constituents of the Dufour gland ofPachycondyla sennaarensis (Mayr, 1862) from southeastern Iran were characterized in the present work. GC-MS analyses indicated that the Dufour gland secretion of P. sennaarensis is a complex mixture of linear and methyl-branched hydrocarbons and minute amounts of terpenoids, diterpenes and methyl ketones. Considerable concentrations of heptadecane,nonadecane,pentadecane,hexadecene,hexadecane along with small ttters of 2-methylhexadecanal, 2,6,10,14-tetramethylhexadecane, 2-tridecyl acetate and dodecylbutyrate were found. This workprovides the first record of a 2-Alkanone occurrence in ponerines, although these methyl ketones have been repeatedly reported from the Dufour glands of other formicid subfamilies.

1 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

012724   Navidpour S;Madani R;Golchinfar F;Bakhshandeh N (Biotechnology Dep, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran) : Serodiagnosis of goat warble fly (GWF) (Diptera : Oestridae) infestation using by a competitive elisa. Biochem Cell Archs 2009, 9(1), 93-6.

Goat warble Fly Infestation (GWFI), improperly named goat hypodermosis is a myiasis caused by larvae of Przhevakkiana sp. Its economic impact is sever and in alive animals, detection can be done by clinical examination of infested goat directly and palpation of larvae in the back or seeing the larvae under the skin (sub dermal region of back and flanks) of infested goat of other slaughtered. Recently serological methods usedfor immunodiagnonsis of hypodermosis in different animals. In the study describe a competitive ELISA for the detection of antibodies of przhevalskiana larvae in goat sera. Totally 32 sample sera from infested goat, 42 sera from uninfected goat and 72 sera from filed sampling (random sampling from different parts of Khoozestan province) were tested. Finally, sensitivity and specificity at cut off 2SD were 81.25% and 78.57%, and in cut off 3SDwere 84.37% and 80.95%.

1 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

012723   Nareshkumar A;Umavathi S;Manimegalai M (PG and Research Dep of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Coimbatore-641 029, Email: Manimegalaiu@yahoo.co.in) : Mosquitocidal potential of Jatropha curcus against filarial vector Culex quinoquefaciatus. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2009, 11(1), 25-9.

In the present study Jatropha curcus leaves were extracted with acetone and it was tested against the filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus. The toxicity (LC₅₀ and LC₉₀) values were also worked out against different larval and pupal forms. The larval and pupal durations were extended and delayed in emergence of adult was also noted and it may be due to various compounds present in it (Jatrophine, Cyclic heptapeptide, Cyclogossine A and Saponins). These compounds show toxic effect on larval, pupal and growth inhibitory factors. Hence Jatropha curcus can be used for the control of filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus at sewage water ecosystem.

1 illus, 1 table, 37 ref

012722   Nagpure H P;Zambare S P (Zoology Dep, Mahatma Fule Arts, Commerce and Sitaramji Chaudhari Science College, Warud, Dist:Amravati, Email: nagpure19@rediffmail.com) : Impact of trimethoprim on ascorbic acid contents of various issues of the freshwater mussel, Parreysia cylindrica (Annandadale and Prashad). Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2009, 11(1), 151-5.

For normal growth and several physiological functions, vitamins are required in trace amount. Ascorbic acid, a water-soluble vitamin, is synthesized in most of the animals endogenously but not in case of human beings and other primates. An experimental model, the freshwater bivalve, Parreysia cylindrica (Annandale and Prashad) was exposed to trimethoprim, one of the ingredients of sulfa drug. The bivalves were exposed to acute (136.29 PPM) dose upto 96 hours and chronic (27.25 PPM) dose upto 21 days. The ascorbic acid contents were estimated after 24 and 96 hours of acute and 7, 14 and 21 days of chronic exposure in mantle, gill, foot, testis, ovary, whole body and digestive gland. The level of ascorbic acid showed an overall decrease in most of the tissues except gills while whole body and ovary were the most suffered organs after acute treatment. The foot showed increased ascorbic acid contents and the rest of tissues showed decrease in the ascorbic acid contents, among which maximum decrease was in the gills.

1 table, 36 ref