016059   Ranjan G (NO, Zoology Dep, T.R.M. Campus, Birganj, Nepal) : Buccopharynx of Labeo dero and Xenentodon cancila in relation to their food and feeding habits. Flora Fauna 2009, 15(2), 339-42.

Labeo dero and Xenentodon cancila were studied with special attention to the modification of buccopharynx based on their food and feeding habits. The bony fishes enjoy several kinds of food and feeding habits and accordingly these may be grouped as herbivorous, omnivorous and carnivorous etc. For feeding upon various types of food, the mouth and buccopharyngeal region of the fishes have also modified accordingly. Here special attention have been given upon their mode of feeding, modification in the structure of buccal cavity, gill rakers and dentition which are solely concerned with the selection and seizure of the food.

2 illus, 8 ref

016058   Rajput V;Negi R K (Zoology and Environmental Sciences Dep, Gurukula Kangri University, Hardwar, Uttrakhand) : Pisci-fauna of district Almora, Uttrakhand. Flora Fauna 2009, 15(2), 317-20.

Kosi, Suwal and Garur Ganga are among the major streams and the source of water and fishes to the people of Ditt. Almora. Total eleven species of fish were reported from the three streams. Study revealed that Kosi stream had maximum fish diversity among three streams, whereas Garur ganga least. Barilius bendelisis, Tor putitora and Schizothorox richardsonii were reported abundant in all streams. The streams being under the threat of pollution and hence a study was conducted on the species composition and dynamics of streams.

3 illus, 4 tables, 10 ref

016057   Rajalakshmi S;Sasikala S (Zoology Dep, K.M. Centre for Post Graduate Studies, Lawspet, Puduchery) : Role of Curculigo orchioides gaertn in male albino rats. Asian J Anim Sci 2009, 4(2), 259-60.

1 table, 6 ref

016056   Qureshi S O;Tiple A D;Khurad A M (Zoology Dep, , Adarsha Mahavidyalaya, Dhamangaon Rly. Dist: Amaravati) : Ultrastructural observations on the events of BmNPV infection in DZNU-Bm-1 (Bombyx mori) cell line. Biosci Biotechnol Res Communs 2009, 2(2), 149-54.

Morphogenesis of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) was observed in the DZNU-Bm-l cells. Aggregation of cells was evidenced immediately after the addition of virus inoculum in the cultures. The cytopathic effects such as loss of motility and hypertrophy of nuclei were prominent within 16-18 h post inoculation. Free enveloped nucleocapsids entered the host cell and appeared in the cytoplasm. The virogenic stroma formed in the nuclei by 24 h post inoculation. At 36-42 h post inoculation un enveloped virus rods were closely associated with virogenic stroma in the peristromal area and subsequently by 48 h several viral rods appeared in the cytoplasm traveling towards plasma membrane where most of them were budded off from the host cell acquiring the envelope of plasma membrane and releasing from cell surface as extra cellular virus (ECV). After 48 h many naked and enveloped virus particles appeared occluded in the developing occlusion bodies (OBs) and during the late period of infection ECV release was abrogated in favour of OBs formation.

12 illus, 23 ref

016055   Poonam Dev;Tewari M;Kaushal B R (Zoology Dep, Kumaun University, Nainital-263 002, Email: prakash127@yahoo.com) : Diversity and abundance of insects in a cropland of central Himalayan Bhabar region of Kumaun, Uttarakhand. Entomon 2009, 34(1), 11-21.

Species richness, population density and biomass, species and trophic diversity, secondary production and herbivory of aboveground insects were studied in a cultivated land of central Himalayan Bhabar region of Kumaun, Uttarakhand from 2005-2007. A total of 54 plant species were recorded in the cultivated land and mean aboveground net primary production was 2351 kJ m^{-2 yr-1. A total of 88 species belonging to 9 insect orders and 33 families were collected. Herbivores, predators, parasites, and omnivores constituted the insect community of which herbivores were most preponderant. Maximum population den~ity and biomass were 7.8 m-2 and 1456.4 mg m-2, respectively. Shanon-Wiener species diversity index H ranged from 1.00 to 1.44, and of trophic levels ranged from 1.18 to 1.43. Mean secondary net production due to herbivores was 147.6 kJ m-2 yr-1. Herbivores consumed an average of 7% of plant biomass.}

3 tables, 22 ref

016054   Patel C D;Prajapati S H;Patel M I (Zoology Dep, M.N. College, Visnagar, Mehsana, Gujarat) : Comparative study of two avian communities of Taranga hill forest and Balram-Ambaji wildlife sanctuary, Gujarat. Asian J Anim Sci 2009, 4(1), 26-32.

Avifaunal survey was carried out to highlight the importance of the study areas as well adapted and the most favourable habitat for bird populations. A total of 123 species of birds belonging to 13 orders, 43 famlies and 92 genera were recorded, of which 4.88% were abundant, 18.70% were common and 13.01 % were rare in occurrence. A total of 101 residents, 9 residents and migratory and 1-3 migratory accounted for the diversity of avifauna of these regions. The "avifauna was more dominant in Balaram-Ambaji Wildlife Sanctuary as compared to Taranga Hilly-forest. Perhaps, it could be due to more agricultural croplands, undisturbed banks of Balaram and Saraswati rivers, dense forest, high trees, water bodies and scattered patches of human settlements in village vicinities, natural forest areas which provided shelter to more birds.

2 tables, 6 ref

016053   Pardeshi P G;Kulkarni A N;Mule R S;Poul S P; Baswade S V (Animal Dep, Husbandry and Dairy Science, Parbhani, Maharashtra) : Sanitary measures adopted by broiler farms in Marathwada region. Asian J Anim Sci 2009, 4(2), 197-201.

Fifteen broiler farms in Marathwada region of Maharashtra state were selected and the assessment of sanitary measures was done by on the spot observation and on the basis of questionnaire. There existed wide variation in planning and execution of sanitary programme in the broiler farms. All the farms were categorized under poor and optimum sanitation lacking in the adoption of fumigation practice of shed placing the chicks. Total four farms had no provision for sanitation of drinking water. Unscientific disposal of dead birds was marked feature of filed observation. Majority of broiler farms lacked foot bath system in broiler farm and only four broiler farms had provision for this aspect. Raking of litter which is another important measure was neglected by the farms under poor sanitation.

8 tables, 4 ref

016052   Pandey K;Prabhat Kumar (Zoology Dep, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh) : Insect pest relationship determining susceptibility of different hosts of Helicoverpa armigera, Hubner. Flora Fauna 2009, 15(2), 331-4.

Biology of Helicoverpa armigera varied with the host plants in the laboratory at a constant temperature of 30 ± 1°C. In the study pre-oviposition, oviposition periods, fecundity, incubation period, viability, larval instars, larval period, pre-pupal and pupal periods, adult emergence, their longevity, fecundity index and growth index were studied. The insect development was comparatively faster in the pods of gram, arhar and pea. The gram, arhar and pea were most susceptible in their pod formation stage probably due to higher nutritive value of these legumes than the non-legumes. Due to the highest susceptibility in pods of gram crop, the common name of H. armigera as gram pod borer or gram caterpillar is justified. The cultural management of the pest might be attempted by proper crop rotation and cropping pattern.

2 illus, 3 tables, 9 ref

016051   Pal A K;Mishra A K (Zoology Dep, R.S.K.D. (P.G.) College, Junpur, Uttar Pradesh) : Digenetic trematode Allocre Allocreadium clariasi n.sp. from fresh water fish Clarias batrachus from the river Ganga, Nayapura at Allahabad. Asian J Anim Sci 2009, 4(1), 36-8.

Allocreadium clariasi n. sp. is derived from the intestine of a fresh water fish Clarias batrachus from the river Ganga, Nayapura at Allahabad. The new form belongs to the genus Allocreadium Looss, 1900 in general topography. The new form seems very close to A. Calbasui in having elongated aspinose body, sub-spherical, terminal oral sucker, sub-spherical pharynx, pre-pharynx absent and spherical pre-equatorial intercecal ventral sucker. But new form differs from it in having, smaller than oral sucker instead of large ventral sucker, receptaculum seminis oval shape instead of sac like and extension of vitellaria.

1 illus, 11 ref

016050   Pai I K;Kavita Kumari;Ali T M;Kamble R H (Zoology Dep, Goa University, Goa-403 206, Email: ikpai@unigoa.ac.in) : Ant species richness in Chorao Island, Goa, India. Entomon 2009, 34(1), 29-32.

Though ants are ubiquitous in distribution, scientific recording of their diversity in various ecological niches, particularly islands, is far from satisfactory. Hence an attempt was made to record ant species richness in Chorao Island of Goa, a coastal island known for considerably rich biodiversity. This island, about 2.1 km^{2 in area, was found to harbour 38 species of ants belonging to 24 genera and six subfamilies.}

1 table, 14 ref

016049   Neelanarayanan P (P.G. and Research Zoology Dep, Nehru Memorial College (Autonomous), Puthanampatti, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadud) : Magnitude of pre-harvest losses dur to rodents in paddy pulses, sugarcane and cotton crops in a portion of cauvery delta, India. Asian J Anim Sci 2008, 3(1), 1-7.

Study was carried out in an area of 35 Km^{2 in Tranquebar taluk of Nagappattinam district, Tamil Nadu. In the selected study area, populations of rodent pests and depredation by them in paddy rice, pulses (black gram and green gram), sugarcane and cotton crops were estimated. The crop fields were inhabited by three species of rodents viz., Bandicota bengalensis, Millardia meltada and Mus booduga. All the crop fields had comparatively low population of rodent pests during first year of study than second year. A significant variation was observed in B. bengalensis (K-W x2= 17.49; P= 0.0006) and M. meltada (K-W x2= 11.26; P= 0.01) populations in all crop fields (paddy, pulses, sugarcane and cotton) during both years of study. In paddy, B. bengalensis, M. meltada and M. booduga populations showed highly significant positive correlation with tiller damage in the study area and hence they have to be controlled in order to save the crop. It appears that B. bengalensis and M. meltada populations probably. inhabit in large numbers in paddy crop fields in preference to other crop fields.}

6 tables, 36 ref

016048   Nagaraja Lakshmi P;Anitha Kumari S (Zoology Dep, Osmania University College for Women, Koti, Hyderabad-500 095, Email: anitha_shinde2001@yahoo.com) : Transfer of adaptive immunity through singly sensitized T-cells, B-cells and splenocytes durng Nematospiroides dubius infection in mice. Geobios 2009, 36(4), 303-5.

Singly sensitized thymus cells (T-cells), Bone marrow cells (B-cells) and splenocytes from donor Swiss albinio mice infected with a single dose of 100 Nematospiroides dubius larvae were injected into three syngeneic recipient mice groups, A (30x10^{4 T-cells), B (30x104 B-cells) and C(30x104 splenocytes) and then challenged 14 days after the cell transfer. The recipients with T-cells produced significant immunity in comparison to those with either of the cell populations i.e. B-ells and splenocytes.}

1 table, 9 ref

016047   Nagabhushan Reddy M;Basha Mohideen (Zoology Dep, Sri krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, Email: mnbhushr@gmail.com) : Basal metabolic rate in albino rat when fed dietary formulations of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Pufa). Bull Bio Sci 2008, 6(1), 61-4.

Consumption of fish especially that of marine, which is a rich source of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) prevent the occurrence of coronary heart diseases. Besides, n-3 PUFA are essential in growth and development of humans. Dietary formulation of high n-3 PUFA in albino rat ha shown a higher significance (P<0.001) increase in basal metabolic rate (BMR) in both male an female albino rats when compared to that of Control, Low n-3 PUFA and Medium n-3 PUFA diet and followed the order as Control<Low n-3 PUFA diet<Medium n-3 PUFA diet<High n-3 PUF diet. BMR was found higher in males than in female albino rats.

1 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

016046   Mohanraj J (Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology Dep, Kamaraj College, Tuticorin-628 003, Email: jmohanraj@sancharnet.in) : Length-weight relationship of Upeneus sundaicus and Upeneus tragula from Gulf of Mannar. Indian J Sci Technol 2008, 1(4), 1-6.

Length weight relationship of Upeneus sundaicus and Upeneus tragula were assessed. The statistical relationships of body weight with total length were highly significant for male and female population of U. sundaicus and U. tragula. The correlation coefficient (r) value between sexes of U. sundaicus, reveals the highest `r' value for its female population (r = 0.92). In the case of U. tragula, there is no much difference among sexes (r = 0.95). The absolute condition factor (Kn) value for U. sundaicus and U. tragula ranged between 0.8 and 1.68 respectively. The highest Kn value obtained from the length group was 105-109 cm.

6 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

016045   Makode P M;Charjan A P (Zoology Dep, G.S. Gawande College, Unmerkhed, Dist- Yeotmal, Maharashtra) : Studies on population dynamics of cladocerans and copepods in lakes of Chikhaldara, Maharashtra. Biosci Biotechnol Res Communs 2009, 2(2), 200-3.

Cladocerans and Copepods, the well recognized secondary consumers, form an important component of the zooplanktonic community which have adapted to diverse habitats. In the present study, 09 cladoceran species and 05 copepod species were recorded from different lakes of Chikhaldara in Amravati district of Maharashtra state. The communication provides an insight into the population dynamics of Copepods and Cladocerans inhabiting the lakes.

2 illus, 7 tables, 17 ref

016044   Makode P M;Charjan A P (Zoology Dep, G.S. Gawande College, Umerkhed, District - Yeotmal, Maharashtra) : Studies on inter relationships of certain physico-chemical parameters and population diversity of rotifers from Melghat, Maharashtra. Biosci Biotechnol Res Communs 2009, 2(2), 188-94.

Environmental parameters like temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, TDS were measured during collection of rotifers from Paras Talav and Dev Talav in Chikhaldara, district Amravati, Maharashtra. The samples were collected from month of January 08 to December 08. The population density was also measured in these months. It was observed that minimum density of the rotifer recorded in the month of February and October, while the maximum density was recorded in the month of April and May. There are abundance of rotifers were recorded The seasonal fluctuation in population density of rotifer is related to the physico-chemical factors and due to the organic pollution in the lake water by adding detergents to the water due to washing clothes in the lake water. In Paras talav various physico-chemical parameters determined that the fluctuation in water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) and nutrients like sulphate, phosphate and nitrate were within the desirable limits. In dev talav, the contamination of water bodies might lead to a change in water that it is unsuitable for fish farming. Several physico-chemical or biological factors could acts as a barrier and adverse effect on the fish growth and reproduction. For that the regulation monitoring of physico-chemical and biological water quality parameters is essential to determine status of water body.

3 tables, 15 ref

016043   Makne H D;Jadhav G P;Pawar D D;Pawar S B (Zoology and Fishery Science Dep, Dnyanopasak College, Parbhani, Maharashtra) : New species of genus Aliezia shinde, 1968 Eucestoda : Avitellineidae) from Bos indicus Maharashtra, India. Asian J Anim Sci 2009, 4(2), 224-5.

A new species of cestode genus Aliezia Shinde, 1968 from host bull, Bas indicus Linneaus 1758 is described taxonomically and anatomically. On a detailed examination of the specimens have allowed us to erect a new species of genus Aliezia shivajiraoae sp.nov. for to accommodate the worms. It shows the remarkable difference from all other new species of the genus Aliezia shivajiraoae sp .nov. in the size of the worm, shape and diameter of the scolex; testes number; size of mature segment; shape and size of suckers, shape, size and position of ovary and position of genital opening.

2 illus, 4 ref

016042   Maiti K;Samanta R;Paik T K;Chakraborty S K (P.G. Zoology Dep, Raja N.L. Khan Women's College, Paschim Medinipore-721 102, Email: kartikmaity@yahoo.co.in) : Conservation categories of fresh water cyprinoid fishes in east Singhbhum district, Jharkhand, India. Bull Bio Sci 2008, 6(1), 37-49.

Participatory mode of biological researches has earned a distinct position for dovetailing laborator information with that of the social niche. Based on the information gathered from local fisherme community, fish cultivators and scientific personnel's, cyprinoid fishes had been found to occup remarkable position in the indigenous stock fishery in the District East Singhbhum, Jharkhand India by virtue of its ecologically adaptive, culturally potential and econPfnically viable properties. Thirty-two (32) fish species belonging to 22 genera, 4 families under the order cypriniforme have been recorded from the different freshwater habitats of East Singhbhum District, Jharkhand India. Eco-degradation during last few decades coupled with urbanization and industrializatio had exposed these fishes towards various threat categories. Following the IUCN guidelines an also through Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) methods, an attempt made to generate primar and qualitative data on the factors imputing the conservation status of such fishes. Trend analysis, Rank Based Quotient (RBQ) and Matrix Ranking revealed the conservation categories as critically endangered (one species), vulnerable (five species), near threatene (nine species) and list concern (eight species). The situation warrants immediate attention of the ecologists, administrators, managers and entrepreneurs to adopt remedial measures for the conservation of such fishes. The study also delineated distribution and conservation measure for the revival and conservation of the fishes in East Singhbhum District, Jharkhand India.

4 tables, 17 ref

016041   Maiti K;Samanta R;Paik T K;Chakraborty S K (P.G. Zoology Dep, Raja N.L. Lhan Eomen's College, Paschim Medinipore-721 102, Email: kartikmaity@yahoo.co.in) : Assesment of fish productivity in different lentic aquasystems of south chhotanagpur region of Jharkhand, India. Bull Bio Sci 2008, 6(1), 29-36.

To innovate an idea for including more technomanagerial and socioeconomic factors in the niche of conventional approaches, wherein bio-physical factors has so far been considered in the study of fish productivity.

4 tables, 9 ref

016040   Maiti K;Rumpa Smanta;Paik T K;Chakraborty S K (Zoology Dep, Raja N.L. Khan Women's College, Paschim Medinipore-721 102, Email: Kartikmaity@yahoo.co.in) : Conservation ctegories of fresh water cyprinoid fishes in east singhbhum district, Jharkhand, India. Bull envir Sci 2008, 27(2), 109-21.

Participatory mode of biological researches has earned a distinct position for dovetailing laboratory information with that of the social niche. Based on the information gathered from local fishermen community, fish cultivators and scientific personnel's, cyprinoid fishes had been found to occupy remarkable position in the indigenous stock fishery in the District East Singhbhum, Jharkhand, India by virtue of its ecologically adaptive, culturally potential and economically viable properties. Thirty-two (32) fish species belonging to 22 genera, 4 families under the order cypriniformes have been recorded from the different freshwater habitats of East Singhbhum District, Jharkhand, India. Eco-degradation during last few decades coupled with urbanization and industrialization had exposed these fishes towards various threat categories. Following the IUCN guidelines and also through Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) methods, an attempt made to generate primary and qualitative data on the factors imputing the conservation status of such fishes. Trend analysis, Rank Based Quotient (RBQ) and Matrix Ranking revealed the conservation categories as critically endangered (one species), vulnerable (five species), near threatened (nine species) and list concern (eight species). The situation warrants immediate attention of the ecologists, administrators, managers and entrepreneurs to adopt remedial measures for the conservation of such fishes. The study also delineated distribution and conservation measures for the revival and conservation of the fishes in East Singhbhum District, Jharkhand, India.

4 tables, 17 ref

016039   Madhava Rao S;Ravi Sekhar P;Savithri Y; Kishore S;Jayantha Rao K (Zoology Dep, Sri Venkateswara university, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh) : Effect of azadirachtinon protein metabolic profiles in selected tissues of Rana hexadactyla. Asian J Anim Sci 2009, 4(1), 109-13.

Frogs exposed to sublethal concentration (40ppm) of Azadirachtin, free aminoacids, protease, AAT, ALAT, GDH, ammonia and urea levels were significantly (p<0.05) increased where as total protein content was significantly (p<0.01) decreased in liver and brain, Azadirachtin was more toxic in 15 days exposed animals than 7 days exposed animals. Depletion of cellular proteins might be ydue to the inhibition of amino acid incorporation into proteins. The increased and decreased alteration in protein profiles in frogs exposed to Azadirachtin resulted in impairment on protein systhetic machinery, indicating its toxic effects on cellular functioning.

1 table, 23 ref

016038   Kiran Prajapati (Zoology Dep, Bhavans' R.A. College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat) : Guild classification for urban birds. Asian J Anim Sci 2008, 3(1), 14-18.

Availability of food appears to be one of the major factor determining the bird numbers and species diversity in a specific area. Total 98 bird species were studied. Guild structure was observed. They feed on plant matter, insects, carrion and mix type of food. Major species eat insects which are available due to thick vegetation and agriculture near skirt area of a city. Eight types of guild were surveyed, out of it; Hawker type of guild used by 23 species. Sweeper, Nectarivore and Glean type guilds are observed in 5 species. Ground Camivour, Pouncer, Granivore. Bark Prober guild observed in rest of the species.

2 tables, 8 ref

016037   Karal Marx;Anand A (Aquaculture Dep, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and A, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu) : Comparative study on preparation of metaphase chromosomes from the tissues of hatchlings, fry, juveniles, sub adults and adults of India major carps and air-breathing fishes. Asian J Anim Sci 2008, 3(1), 24-8.

Methods of chromosome preparation from different stages of fish, hatchlings, fry, juveniles, sub adults and adults of commercially important cultivable freshwater fishes in India, Indian major carps, Catla catla (Catla), Labeo rohita (rohu) and Cirrhinus mrigala (mrigal) and air-breathing fishes, Channa striatus (stripped murrel), Channa punctatus (spotted murrel) and the Indian catfish Heteropneustes fossilis were standardized. Colchicine bath at a concentration of 0.075% gave better results for hatchlings and fry. Injection of colchicine at a dosage of 25μg/g body weight with a volume of 0.025 to 0.05 ml was found to be adequate for the sub adult and adult stages of carps and air-breathing fishes. A period of 4 h for hatchlings, 4 h 30 min for fry, 2 h 30 min for sub adult and 3 h for adult stages of carps and air breathing fishes after colchicine injection was enough to provide large number of cells in metaphase. The standardization of hypotonic treatment, choice of nitotically active tissue source, effect of nitogen and the diploid chromosomes number obtained from various species were described in this paper.

6 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

016036   Joshi S (Zoology Dep, Rajkiya Kanya Mahavidyalaya, Lakkar Bazar, Shimla-171 002) : Birds of urban Shimla. Flora Fauna 2009, 15(2), 289-92.

Study on distribution of avifauna conducted within the municipal corporation area of Shimla city and spread over a period of three years revealed 87 bird species belonging to 23 families. There is an enormous decline in the number of bird species during post-independence period from the region. Maximum bird diversity was recorded from family Muscicapidae, Sylviidae and Corvidae. A fairly large population of birds comprised of a vagrant category.

1 table, 12 ref

016035   Joshi P (Zoology Dep, Amolakchand Mahavidyalaya, Yavatmal-445 001) : Studies on the diversity and population dynamics of snakes in Yavatmal district of Maharashtra, India. Biosci Biotechnol Res Communs 2009, 2(1), 99-105.

The twenty four varieties of snakes belonging to families - ELAPIDAE, VIPERIDAE, BOIDAE, and TYPHLOPIDAE AND COLUBROIDAE have been identified within four years of search i.e. from September 2004 to September 2008 in the Yavatmal district of Maharashtra. Out of twenty four, five species are venomous, three are semiªvenomous and remaining sixteen species are non -venomous. the graph and a chart clearly indicates the result that during search operation a species like Spectacled cobra, Common Indian krait, Checkered keeled back water snake, Common wolf snake, and Indian rat snake were frequently captured within a very short time out of all the species. The species like Russell's viper, Green keel back, Banded kukri snake, John's sand boa, and Banded racer were normally found after medium time interval and the species like Saw-scale viper, Common Indian cat snake, Indian rock python, Common sand boa, Bronze back tree snake, Buff-strip keel back, and Common Indian trinket snake were captured after a long time interval. The species like slender coral snake, Common vine snake, Variegated kukri snake, Indian smooth snake, Beaked worm snake, Indian egg eater; and Dumeril's black headed snakes were very rarely found. When the data have been compared with existing ones, there is not much difference, however as the search is still continued, it is expected that the number of the catch will increase.

1 table, 8 ref

016034   Jini D;Laluanpuii;Deb R;Meena H R (Veterinary Extension Dep, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh) : An overview on the status and strategy for improving pig farming in Arunachal Pradesh. Asian J Anim Sci 2009, 4(2), 253-8.

2 illus, 19 ref

016033   Jawale C A;Ugale B J;Pawar C V;Kamble V S (Zoology Dep, S.M.P. College, Murum, Maharashtra) : Biodiversity of terrestrial scorpion in Osmanabad district (Maharashtra) India. Flora Fauna 2009, 15(2), 297-300.

Biodiversity of terrestrial scorpion in the Osmanabad district was studied during the Jan- Dec.2008. A detailed account of status of scorpion fauna was assessed. The scorpion is medically, ecologically and commercially important groups in the Osmanabad district.

2 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

016032   Jagdale S B;Mote L T (Zoology Dep, A.S.C. College, Ramanandnagar-416 308) : Feeding diversity among the little cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis Linn.). Geobios 2009, 36(4), 319-20.

^ssc8 ref

016031   Jadhav G P;Makne H D;Pawar D D;Pawar S B (Zoology and Fishery Science Dep, Dnyanopasak College, Parbhani Maharashtra) : New species of genus Cotugnia diamare, 1893 (Eucestoda : Davaineidae) from Streptpelia decacto Maharashtra, India. Asian J Anim Sci 2009, 4(2), 209-12.

A new species of Cestode genus Cotugnia Diamare, 1893 obtained from the host Dove Streptopelia decacto ,is described taxonomically and anatomically. Ona detailed examination of specimens of Cestodes have allowed us to erect a newspecies of genus Cotugnia Diamere 1893 for to accommodate the worms. It shows the remarkable differences from all other known species of Cotugnia streptopelii sp.nov., in size of worms, diameter of scolex, diameter of rostellum, length of rosteIlar hooks, shapeand size of mature segments, variation in number of testes, position of ovary, arrangement of vitelline gland and position of genital opening.

3 illus, 15 ref

016030   Hyalij M T (Zoology Research Lab, K.A.A.N.M. Sonawane Arts, Commerce and Science College, Satana-423 301) : Larval trematodes in freshwater snails from Nashik district. Geobios 2009, 36(4), 233-8.

Three species of larval trematode parasites namely, Cercaria elongocaeca Gautam, 1982, C. hambaria n. sp., and C. microstyla n. sp. in freshwater snails of Nashik are described here and their diagnostic features compared with related speceis.

3 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

016029   Huxley V A J;Lipton A P (Zoology Dep, Thiru vi. Ka. Govt. Arts College, Tiruvarur, Tamil Nadu) : Growth, biochemial and metabolism reponse, Penaeus monodon with processed prawn head waste. Asian J Anim Sci 2009, 4(2), 216-23.

An attempt was made to test the efficiency of bio-processed prawn head waste added diet on growth, biochemical variation and nutrient metabolism of Penaeus monodon. Control (C) and three bioprocessed experimental diets (E I-E3) were prepared by using conventional feed ingredients along with prawn head-waste. Experiments were carried out using P monodon (PL- 20) in one tonne capacity FRP tanks in outdoor experimental set up for a period of 45 days. During this period, the shrimps were fed thrice a day at ad libitum. The water quality was maihtained in at optimum level in all the tanks and 20 to 30% water exchange was made daily. A constant salinity of 20ppt was maintained throughout the experimental period. The results indicated that the production, SGR, FCR varied significantly between the control and experimental diet fed shrimps. The independent influence of feed quality on variation in carcass biochemical constituents was statistically highly significant (P < 0.01). The results on nutrient metabolism also showed the test diet dependent variation. Bioprocessed feed added with prawn head waste also showed a significant (P < 0.01) reduction in protein, carbohydrate and lipid loss in the aquaculture environment.

8 tables, 11 ref

016028   Huxley V A J;Lipton A P (Zoology Dep, Thiru Vi. Ka. Govt. Arts College, Tiruvarur, Tamil Nadu) : Immunomodulatory effect of Sargassum wightii on Penaeus monodon (Fab.). Asian J Anim Sci 2009, 4(2), 192-6.

Immunomodulatory efficacy of methanolic extract of seaweed, Sargassum wightii was assessed on shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Three diets were prepared by supplementing seaweed, S. wightii extract at the rate of 100, 200 and 300 mg/l00g feed. The conventional feed ingredients such as fish meal, soymeal, groundnut oil cake, rice bran and 'tapioca powder were used as the basal feed. Feed additives such as vitamin and mineral mix, cod liver oil, stickon, chromic oxide and NaCI were also added in the feed. A diet devoid of seaweed extract was also prepared and used as a control feed. The efficacy of these tests and control diets were evaluated on Penaeus monodon stocked at the rate of 15 Nos/m^{3 in an outdoor culture 1 tonne capacity FRP tanks for a period of 90 days. The maximum survival of 96.66% was recorded in P. monodon fed with 100 mg and 300mg seaweed extract added diet against the minimum survival of 83.33% registered in those fed with control diet. The growth parameters such as food consumption, SGR and FCR were more in P. monodon fed with seaweed extract added diets. The total haemocyte count was also high in P. monodon received seaweed extract added diets. Similar variation was also noticed for bacterial clearance and phenol oxidase activity.}

3 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref

016027   Huxley V A J;Lipton A P (Zollogy Dep, Thiru Vi, Ka. Govt. Arts College, Tiruvarur, Tamil Nadu) : Enhancement of phagocytosis, agglutinin ad bactericidins in haemolymph of the spiny lobster, Panulirus homarus by immunostimulants. Asian J Anim Sci 2009, 4(2), 161-6.

The non-specific immunity level of the Indian spiny lobster, Panulirus homarus was enhanced by administration of immunostimulants such as chitosan, levamisole and Ulva extract. The total haemocyte count enhanced to 60.25% among the levamisole treated group. The differential haemocyte values also enhanced in the immunostimulated group were noted. The increase in phagocytic rate of the haemocytes could be correlated to the haemogram profile of the experimental group. Serum agglutinins towards Vibrio fischeri and Microcacus luteus and the bacterial clearance ability of the haemolymph were enhanced among the treated group as against the control. The possible use of marine natural products in enhancing the disease resistant capability of lobsters has been discussed.

3 illus, 2 tables, 27 ref

016026   Gejage R M;Awate Manisha R A (NO, K.R.P. Kanya Mahavidyalaya, Islampur-415 409, Email: manisha.r.awate@gmail.com) : Lipase activity in the fat body of developing larva of Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenee). J Cell Tissue Res 2009, 9(2), 1849-50.

Brinjal fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenee) is an important pest of eggplant in South Asia. Properties and activity of triacylglycerol lipase from the fat body of an insect, L. orbonalis have been studied. The larval fat body lipase revealed optimum pH 7.9, incubation time 30 minutes, temperature 37°C, enzyme concentration 1% and substrate concentration 5 %. The gradual increase in fat body lipase activity was observed from 6-day old larvae to 8-day old larvae and gradual fall from 8-day old larvae to 11-day old larvae. The maximum lipase activity was observed in 8- day old larvae. The physiological role of lipase in the fat body during larval development of L. orbonalis has been reported.

1 illus, 12 ref

016025   Dixit H;Pandey S D (NO, Reproductive Endocrinology Lab, Zoology Dep, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh) : Seasonal patterns in release of chemosignals influencing oestrous rhythmicity in field mice. Flora Fauna 2009, 15(2), 293-6.

Seasonal pattern in release of the chemosignals influencing oestrous rhythmicity was evaluated in the Indian field mouse. Thirty two females divided into two batches (batch I and II) and housed individually during winter months (November to February) for a period of 21 days exhibited regular oestrous cycle during the period. Another set of 32 females was also divided into two batches (batch III and IV) and housed singly in steel cages during summer months (March to May) for 21 days also exhibited a regular oestrous cycle. Unisexual grouping of regularly cycling females during winter and summer months resulted in suppression of oestrus. However, it may be pointed out here that the suppression of oestrus was more profound in grouped females (90.6%) during winter months when compared to summer months (65.6%). Exposure of these noncyclic females to adult intact males for 7 days resulted in prompt return of oestrus in both winter (89.6%) and summer (90.4%) seasons. The results obtained thus clearly demonstrate that there was a greater degree of mutual oestrus suppression in monogamously housed females during the period November to February than that during March to May; however, male-induced oestrus induction in noncyclic females (the Whitten effect) occurred in a uniform pattern throughout the year.

2 tables, 17 ref

016024   Dinakaran G K;Soundarapandian P (NO, CAS in Marine Biology, Annamalai Univeristy, Parangipettai-608 502, Email: dinabar07@gmail.com) : Mating behaviour and broodstock development of commercially important blue swimming crab, Portunus sanguinolentus (Herbst). Indian J Sci Technol 2009, 2(4), 71-5.

ating was happened. In second experimental setup two same sized males (100g) in which one male had one chelate and another one with two chelae stocked with a soft shell female (95g). The female always readily accepted to mate with two chelate male than single chelate male. The breeding behaviour encompassing 3 phases viz., contact, cradle carry position and mating were described in detail. Finally the fertilized eggs were deposited in the abdomen of the female. The berried females were maintained in the laboratory until the eggs hatched into I zoeae. The crab fishery in India is fast developing and there is a vast scope for the crab meat both national and international markets. To start year round seed production the availability of berried females throughout the year is essential.

52 ref

016023   Diana T C;Sree Ramulu K (Zoology Dep, Andhra University, Vishakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh) : Changes in the protein content of liver and intestine in relation to Klebsiella infection in Nemipterus japonicus from the coast of Vishakhapatnam, India. Asian J Anim Sci 2009, 4(2), 143-5.

Nemipterus japonicus of Visakhapatnam coast collected from the polluted harbour waters, infected by Klebsiella Gram negative bacteria spp. showed an abnormal elevation in protein levels in intestine and a decline of protein levels in liver, when compared with the normal fish collected from the unpolluted water~ of deep sea.

2 tables, 16 ref

016022   Dhote J D;Sapkal H P;Kulkarni K M (Zoology Dep, Shri Shivaji Science College, Shivaji Nagar, Amravati) : Effect of Daucus carota on testis of the rat rattus norvegicus. Biosci Biotechnol Res Communs 2009, 2(1), 116-20.

The testis of control rat Rattus norvegicus showed various stages of spermatogenesis in seminiferous tubules. The seminiferous tubules consist of primary sperematogonia, secondary spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa. The changes in the testis of rat Rattus norvegicus after treatment with Daucus carota showed shrunken appearance of seminiforous tubules. The tubular content included germinal epithelium, spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes while secondary spermatocytes were few in number. Spermatids and spermatozoa were absent. This results showed cessation of spermatogenesis. Interstial cells of Leydig were found to be regressed. The testis of rat treated by Daucus carota showed reduction in diameter of seminiferous tubules. Depopulation of tubules except few cells of spermatogonis, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes occurred markedly. Daucus carota affected the stages of spermatogenesis but not the Sertoli cells wheras the the interstial cells showed slight regression.

3 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

016021   Deshmukh A R;Deokar D K;Fulpagare Y G;Jagtap D Z (Animal Science and Dairy Science Dep, Mahatama Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra) : Mortality in gir crossbreed cows. Asian J Anim Sci 2009, 4(2), 213-15.

The mortality study was carried out on Gir crossbreds at RCDP on Cattle, MPKV Rahuri, Maharashtra. The six years data were analyzed according to age and cause of death. Mortality rate in 0 to 3 month age group was high (16.3 %) when compared with to that of3 to 6 month age group (14.36%). Low mortality rate in adult cows may be attributed to better feeding practices for milking class cows and development of disease resistance in the adult age. Maximum deaths (25.66%) were occurred due to the pneumonia / respiratory failure and was followed by chronic enteritis / dehydration (20.40%). Maximum mortality (10.00%) was observed in the year 2005-06.

2 tables, 4 ref

016020   Dayananda G Y (NO, Department of PG Studies & Research in Applied Zoology, Bio-Science Kuvempu University Complex, Jnana Sahyadri, Shankaraghatta-577 451, Email: dayananda_gy@yahoo.co.in) : Zooplankton diversity in certain lentic water bodies in mid-western ghat region Karnataka. Envir Ecol 2009, 27(3A), 1430-31.

Zooplankton in these water bodies was assessed during June 2006 to May 2007. During the period of investigation 17 species of zooplanktons representing four main taxonomic groups such as Rotifera, Copepoda, Ostracoda and Cladocera were recorded. Out of which rotifers included 5 spcecies, Copepods 4 species, Cladocreans 6 species and Ostracoda 2 species. The Cladocera were dominant over other groups in these ponds.

1 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

016019   Dash S;Patra A K;Subhendu Adhikari (Zoology Dep, Vyasanagar College, Utkal university, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Email: Soopriya_dash@yahoo.co.in) : Bacteriological assessment of water of river Kharasrota. Bull Bio Sci 2008, 6(1), 69-74.

Due to rapid increase in population, heavy industrialization and agricultural practices most of our natural water bodies are contaminated today. The present work has been carried out on river Kharasrota in the district of Jajpur, Orissa. A few physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters on six sampling stations were studied for a period of two years from January 2005 to December 2006. Physico-chemical parameters included water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, and BOD. The standard plate count for total bacterial load (CFU/ml) and Most Probable Number (MPN/100) of Coliform were analysed. The study infers that the Bacterial water quality assessment depends totally on hydrological conditions. Bacteriological assessment is time and space specific.

3 tables, 8 ref

016018   Chavan S R;Bhilave M P;Wakade M T;Shinde P (NO, College of Fisheries, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, Email: drmadhavbhilave@yahoo.com) : Influence of sugar concentration in the food source on the foraging behaviour of Apis mellifera. Entomon 2009, 34(1), 51-2.

Foraging behavior of Apis mellifera with reference to the sugar content of the food source was studied. The experiment showed that 40% and 50% sugar solutions did not show significant difference in the number of bees visiting the food source or in the quantity of food removed in two hours. In 60% sugar solution the visiting foragers were less and quantity of food removed by the bees was also less. Such preference may be occurring in selecting nectar source in nature also.

1 table, 2 ref

016017   Chakrabarti S;Debnath M (Biosystematics Research Unit, Zoology Dep, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741 235, Email: chakrabarti32b@gmail.com) : New species and a hitherto unknown alate of Greenideine aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from Kumaon range of Western Himalaya, India. Entomon 2009, 34(1), 39-45.

Eutrichosiphum kumaoni n.sp. infesting Castanopsis sp. and hitherto unknown alate viviparous female of Eutrichosiphum haldari Maity and Chakrabarti infesting Quercus incana in Kumaon range of Western Himalaya are described.

11 illus, 5 ref

016016   Bindu V S (Zoology Dep, Mahatma Gandhi College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala) : Genotoxicity evaluation of acute doses of endosulfan to fresh water telecost, Anabas testudineus by cytokinesis block micro nuclei technique. Asian J Anim Sci 2009, 4(1), 10-14.

The fresh water, edible, air breathing teleost, Anabas testudineus was exposed to different concentrations of the organo-chlorine pesticide, endosulfan. Acute toxicity of endosulfan (35EC) was studied to evaluate its risk and toxic factors in view of human safety. The LC₅₀ values of endosulfan for 24, 8, 2 and 96h on A.testudineus were 27.58, 23.35, 18.79 and 16.91 ppb, respectively. Endosulfan induced somatic DNA damage on Anabas testudineus was determined by cytokinesis block micro nuclei (CBMN) technique. Endosulfan toxicity produced significant DNA damage in fish exposedto endosulfan (14 ppb and 16.91 ppb) for 96h than those in control. CBMN frequency increased as the concentration of endosulfan increased. The presence of DNA strand breakage in exposed specimens indicated the genotoxic potential of endosulfan.

1 illus, 2 tables, 32 ref

016015   Baluni S K;Mishra K K;Nutan Kumari;Baluni D C;Mamata Kumari (Zoology Dep, L.N.T. College, Muzaffarpur, Bihar) : Ascorbic acid content in different stages of ovarian cycle of Macrognathus aculeatus (Bloch). Bull Bio Sci 2008, 6(1), 19-23.

Ascorbic acid content of Macrognanthus aculeatus in blood, ovary and muscle is highest during spawning phase whereas, in liver it is so during pre-spawning phase; while lowest during resting phase in all tissue. Though, the difference was not found statistically significant in any case, however, comparatively increased level of this vitamin C during vitellogenesis suggests it demand for steroidogenesis or may be due to the environmental factors.

1 table, 12 ref

016014   Baluni S K;Mishra K K;Nutan Kumari;Baluni D C;Mamata Kumari (Zoology Dep, L.N.T. College, Muzaffarpur, Bihar) : Biochemical substances during ovarian cycle of Macrognathus aculeatus (Bloch). Bull Bio Sci 2008, 6(1), 9-17.

The biochemical data in the Macrognathus aculeatus reveal the highest level of glucose, protein & total lipid in blood during spawning phase and lowest during resting phase except the glucose level which is found lowest during prespawning phase. Similarly, the glycogen, protein and total lipid levels in ovary are also found highest during spawning phase and lowest during resting phase. Thus, both blood and ovary are directly related with each other as far increase and decrease in the levels of glucose/glycogen, protein and lipid are concerned. Contrary to this, the glycogen, protein and lipid contents in liver and muscle were found highest during resting phase and lowest during spawning phase. Thus, the liver and muscle show reverse trend with that of blood and ovary as far glycogen, protein and total lipid content is concerned.

1 table, 44 ref

016013   Balde G;Shinde S;Nanware S (Zoology Dep, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Nanded, Maharashtra) : Assay of activity levels of lipase in Ascaridia galli. Asian J Anim Sci 2009, 4(1), 49-50.

Lipids are heterogeneous group of related compounds. All of them are' relatively insoluble in water and soluble in solvents such as ether, chloroform and benzene. Lipids are important constituents for an animal body as they serve both in structural makeup and in energy yielding. But in parasites there is good deal of difference in the mode of procurement of these important metabolites. They may be available to them in digested or semi digested state. The role of lipids and their composition in parasites is of special significance in order to suit their metabolic pathways under diverse habitats. Further study was undertaken to understand lipid metabolism in Ascaridia galli which is avian round worm found in Nanded (M.S.) India.

1 table, 4 ref

016012   Bahgel C L;Srivastav A K;Sahu V K;Gupta M K (M.H. and F.W. Jhanshi, Uttar Prashed, , ) : Seasonal bio-diversity of mosquito fauna in different areas of district Jhansi (U.P.) India. Cheetal 2009, 48(1-2), 27-34.

Jhansi is an important district of Bundelkhand Region of Uttar Pradesh which shows different topographic condition and is endowed with very rich flora and fauna. In this backward area, mosquito faunal diversity is seen, which is responsible for transmitting dreaded diseases. During the entomological survey, various genera of mosquito were recorded viz., Anopheles, Aedes. Culex and Armigera. Hence bio-diversity of mosquito has been studied from March 2004 to February 2006 in different parts of district Jhansi. The densities of these species vary from one season to another, causing various diseases.

2 tables, ref

016011   Ashok Kumar K;Somasundaram P;Kamble C K (Central Sericultural Germplasm Resource Centre, , Thally Road, Hosur-635 109, Email: kasukurthi_csb@rediffmail.com) : Detection of genetic polymorphism in the silkworm races of Bombyx mori (L.). J Cell Tissue Res 2009, 9(1), 1655-9.

Eight silkworm races were analyzed for their genetic diversity using esterase isozyme and RAPD techniques. The cluster groups from isozyme and RAPD methods were compared for their application to detect higher genetic polymorphism and their significance is discussed in this paper.

4 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

016010   Anil Kumar M;Krishna Reddy M;Sarangapani M (Zoology Dep, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University) : Impact of new heterocyclic compound on fertility in male albino rats. Biosci Biotechnol Res Communs 2009, 2(2), 167-71.

The study was carried out on the effect of novel heterocyclic compound on reproductive function and fertility in male albino rats. The treatment with 3-Imino (2-Oxo-3,4-Dihydro -4 -Phenyl -5 -Carboethoxy - Methyl -Pyrimidine -3yl)-lndole-2-0nes compound at the level of 20 mg/Kg body weight for 21 days did not bring any significant change in the body weight where as the weights of testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle and ventral prostates were decreased. The result showed a mild increase in sperm abnormalities, but in contrast to the same treatment caused a reduction in sperm count and motility in sperm collected from the cauda epididymis of treated rats. The fertility rate and GSI values were also decreased in treated rats.

4 tables, 17 ref