022376   Ghosh S K;Paromita Ghosh;Mitra B (Zoological Survey of India, , Kolkata) : On a collection of aquatic beetles from Suraha Tal Wild-life sanctuary, Ballia, Uttar Pradesh. Bionotes 2010, 12(3), 95.

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022375   Divya P R;Gopalakrishnan A;John L;Thomas P C; Lakra W S (National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, , Cochin Unit, CMFRI Campus, Cochin-682 018, Email: divyanbfgr@gmail.com) : Mitochondrial DNA (Cytochrome c oxidase I) sequencing of Indian marine mussels. Indian J Fish 2009, 56(3), 223-6.

Two species of marine mussels, the green mussel Perna viridis (Linnaeus, 1758) and the brown mussel Pema indica (Kuriakose and Nair, 1976) are found along the Indian coast. It had been suggested that P. indica, which occurs only along the Indian coast, is a synonym of the globally distributed Perna perna. Along the south-west coast of India, where both P. viridis and P. indica co-exist, a third type referred to as parrot mussel, which has shell shape of brown mussel and color of green mussel (suspected to be their hybrid/morphotype) also occurs. The present investigation is a preliminary attempt for resolving the taxonomic ambiguity among Indian marine mussel species using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene. P. indica revealed 95% sequence similarity to P. perna. The sequence divergence between P. indica and parrot mussel was negligibly low (< 2%). Green mussel P. viridis showed 20.87% of sequence divergence with brown mussel P. indica as well as with the parrot mussel.

2 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

022374   Biju Kumar A;Deepthi G R (Aquatic Biology and Fisheries Dep, Kerala Univ, Thiruvananthapuram-695 581, Email: abiju@rediffmail.com) : Diversity of flatfishes (Order: Pleuronectioformes) along the Kerala coast of India, with notes on two rare species. Indian J Fish 2009, 56(3), 211-14.

Survey of trawl by-catch of Kerala, south-west coast of India recorded the presence of 34 species of flatfishes (Order: Pleuronectiformes) classified under four families and 17 genera. The Khaki flounder Laeops natalensis Norman included under Bothidae is reported for the first time from the Indian coast. The soleid flatfish Aseraggodes umbratilis (Alcock) is recorded from Indian coast after the initial reports by Alcock in 1894 and 1899.

^ssc2 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

022373   Bhaumik U;Singh U P;Pavia T (NO, Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkota-700 120, Email: utpal_bhaumik@yahoo.com) : Ecology and management of the Dhaura reservoir, Uttaranchal for enhancing fish production. Indian J Fish 2009, 56(3), 189-93.

India possesses over 3.15 million ha area of reservoirs. In reservoirs, the available culture-based fisheries technologies offer possibilities for achieving fish yields of 100-200 kg ha^{-1 against the present national average of about 50 kg ha-1. With a view to enhance fish production from the reservoirs through scientific management techniques, an investigation was carried out in Dhaura Reservoir of Terai region of Uttaranchal. The reservoir is alkanotropic in nature. The population of planktonic organisms was moderate. Macro-zoobenthos population was of medium order. Fish production potential was estimated at 290 kg ha-1y-1. The reservoir was stocked @413 numbers ha-1. The fish production during the study period was 106.6 kg ha-1 against pre-adoption production of 32 kg ha-1.}

2 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

022372   Ahmad Z;Al-Shati A (Biology Dep, Faculty of Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha-61413, Kingdom of Soudi Arabia) : Redescription of hyalomma (Euhyalomma) dromedarii Koch, 1844 (ACARI : IXODIDAE). Bionotes 2010, 12(3), 109-5.

^ssc1 illus, 5 ref

019131   Rathod C;Saxena S M (Zoology Dep, V Govt College, Raisen, Email: charu_praveen@rediffmail.com) : Bioassay of certain insecticide to evaluate their potential with special reference to different anopheline species of mosquitoes. J Envir Res Dev 2008, 3(1), 216-18.

Although individual protection from bites of adult nopheline mosquito, by smoke and other fumigant devices was well known in the past, large scale use of insecticides proved to be unexpected by successful since last 40 years in India. Insecticides acts slowly and some of them irritate the mosquitoes, leading to their flight towards the light and usually out of the domestic places. Large scale application of insecticides, will have a marked effect on those Anopheline species of mosquitoes, which preferably feed on man or take shelter in human dwellings, sheds of domestic animals. In Anopheline mosquito population which are susceptible to the insecticidal action are gradually killed and thus the proportion of the resistant mosquitoes are able to increase very rapidly. Now a days the great increase of resistance of mosquitoes to chlorinated hydrocarbons, organophosphates and carbonates has stimulated some attempts to produces compounds of different concentration and structure. The dosage and cycles of their application should in such a way (3%,4%,5%. DDT Malathion, Pyrethrum) that only the mosquito population involved in the transmission of malaria is affected or killed. WHO test kite used in this approach.

5 ref

019130   Jain R (Zoology Dep, Govt P G College, Guna, Madhya Pradesh, Email: drsubhashcpandey@yahoo.com) : Physico-chemical seasonal analysisis of Singwasa Reservoir Guna, M.P. (India). J Envir Res Dev 2008, 3(1), 191-7.

Singwasa reservoir is very old and minor reservoir. It is used for irrigation as well as fish culture by fishermen society. Physico - chemical features of the water are extremely valuable in the assessment of quality of pollution status. The present piece of research work has been carried out to investigates the limnology of Singwasa reservoir one of the greatest fresh water bodies and main source of water for various purposes specially fish culture of fishermen society. The monitoring of Singwasa reservoir has been seasonally. Therefore the aim of the present study is to have knowledge of the water quality and productivity of reservoir of Guna town and to explore possibilities for better management of fish culture. In the present study various physico-chemical factors such as colour, water temperature, transparency, turbidity, conductivity, pH, Total alkalinity, Dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide, chloride, total hardness, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, silicate, calcium, potassium, magnesium were found to be interrelated. These factors also indicates that the reservoir is quite suitable for fish culture and proper awareness of its culture in scientific ways should be taught to the fisherman for its proper utilization and exploitation. The present study will be beneficial not only academically but also to improve the socioeconomic importance of the water body.

1 table, 26 ref

019129   Chitra G;Krishnaveni N (Zoology Dep, Avinashilingam University for Women, Coimbatore-641 043) : Dietary medicinal herbs improve growth and biochemical composition of common carp, Cyprinus carpio fingerlings. Pl Archs 2010, 10(1), 219-21.

Cyprinus carpio fingerlings were fed with various levels of the commercial herbal growth promoter ('Liv.52'). After 60 days of culture, a very positive result was found in 'Liv.52' fed fingerlings. The administration of 'Liv.52' in all the levels produced significantly (P<0.05) higher weight gain and muscle proximate composition (moisture, protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash and calorific contents). The utilisation of feed increased significantly (P<0.05) in supplemented diet fed fish from that of control. Among the different percentages, 20% 'Liv.52' incorporation performed better in the overall status.

2 tables, 10 ref

018269   Venkataramudu M;Chennaiah K;Siva Sankar P; Seshapani P (Zoology Dep, Sri Venkateswara Univ, P.G. Centre, Kavali-524 201) : Lipid metabolism in freshwater fish Channa punctatus (Bloch) during sublethal toxicity of deltamethrin in reation to sex. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect A 2009, 28(2), 93-105.

Today almost every aspect of life possesses health hazards Deltamethrin,a Type-II compound of pyrethroid is highly toxic to fishes and have low toxicity to mammals and birds.Fishes are sensitive to pollutants,but at the same time capable of adapting to pollution stress. For the study, Freshwater fish Channa punctatus used as a animal model to elucidate the toxicity of deltamethrim. Males weighing 10 ± 2g and females weighing 12 ± 2g were divided into groups of ten each and were exposed to different concentrations of Deltamethrin ranging from 0.02 ppm to 0.2 ppm five exposure periods i.e. 24 h, 7, 15, 20 and 30 days in sublethal concentration were selected to elucidate the total lipids, lipase activity and free fatty acids of both the sexes of fish imposed to toxic stress at these periods or exposure. The animals were starved for 24 hours period prior to each estimation so as to eliminate the possibility of differential feeding, if any influencing the estimations,estimated the levels of total lipids, lipase activity and free fatty acids in liver, gill, and muscle of both males and females of Channa punctatus at 24 h, 7, 15, 20 and 30 day exposure to sublethal concentration of Deltamethrin besides control for comparison. This work was taken to determine the adaptions of fish in sublethal toxicity.

3 tables, 48 ref

018268   Tripathy P N;Singh P (Zoology Dep, K S Saket (PG) College, Ayodhya, Faizabad-224 123, Email: pntripathiphd@yahoo.co.in) : Re-investigation of neuroendocrine organs and neurosecretion in Indian tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta Drury with special reference to diapause. Biochem Cell Archs 2009, 9(2), 253-8.

Diapause, the temporary arrest of development, is an integral part of life in Lepidoptera in general and Antheraea in particular. The present communication is an attempt to describe the neuroendocrine picture in A. mylitta during diapause stage of life. The pupal diapause, in present case, in Daba ecorace at Wadsa, Maharastra, lasts for six months. Whereas, the insect completes its life-cycle three times in the remaining six months of the year. Thus, Antheraea here is said as trivoltine. The neurosecretory cells i~brain, frontal ganglion, suboesopahgeol ganglion and the different ganglia of the ventral nerve cord have been investigated with respect to their number, type distribution and activity during post embryonic development including the diapause. The neurohaemal organs were also observed. A comparison, therefore, is made. Findings are analysed and discussed.

9 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

018267   Singh R K;Kamlesh Kumar;Bahan R (Zoology Dep, J.P. Univ, Chapra-841 501) : Seasonal population variation of mosquito larvae in railway pond of Simri-Bakhtiyarpur, Saharsa, Bihar. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect A 2009, 28(2), 131-4.

Mosquito population was observed at 4 locations of Railway Pond of Simri- Bakhtiyarpur. Samples were collected from September 2006 to August 2007. Collection of sample was done at fifteen days interval. Larvae estimation was done by counting of larvae found at 4 different depths. The larvae were found in maximum population in January and minimum population in May and June.

1 table, 20 ref

018266   Shrestha T K (Central Dep of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, G P O Box 6133, Kathmandu, Nepal) : Seasonal monsoonal migration of Ganges river dolphin in Karnali river and feeder streams of Nepal. Cheetal 2009, 47(1-2), 1-15.

Migration of Ganges river dolphin (Platanista gangetica) was stud ied in the Kamali river and its feeder streams of Nepal. Results demonstrate that dolphin strictly follow prespawning migration of fishes during june and post-spawning migration in November. Result shows that dolphin remain in headwater feeding ground ofKarnali tributaries from June to October and return to main river Karnali in November. In future, additional conservation measure will be required to safeguard migratory dolphin population in main river and tributaries. However, studies of free ranging migratory dolphin are rarely undertaken in Nepal because such observation in flooded river of monsoon is extremely difficult and risky.

2 illus, 4 tables, 9 ref

018265   Shivabasavaiah;Sathya Kuymar B S;Krishna Ram H (Studies in Zoology Dep, Mysore Univ, Mysore-570 006) : Seasonal changes in the testis of the Indian flap shell turtle Lissemys puncatata. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect A 2009, 28(1), 31-45.

Seasonal changes in the testis of Indian Flap-shell turtle (Lissemys punctata) were during regenerative, reproductive and regressive stages during three consecutive years. Testis weight (gm/100gm body weight), were heaviest greatest (1.10±0.03 gm) during the active phase of positive reproductive cycle reaching a peak during May to August; decreasing suddenly during October and remaining low throughout the quiescent phase (September to January). The histological structures during the breeding and non-breeding seasons were correlated with gonado somatic index. Histometry, histoenzymology, and seminiferous tubule diameter during the breeding season all provide evidence presented of high spermatogenic activity. The mean diameter of the testis and seminiferous tubules, the epithelial height, and changes in the diameter of seminiferous tubules portray the histological (spermatogenic) structure of the testis. The diameters of the seminiferous tubule were lowest 316.58μ during the period of regression. They increased during the period of regeneration (733.83μ) in April when spermatogenic activity began. The demonstration of HSDH in the interstitial cells of the testis of L. punctata in the present study is evidence of histochemical activity indicative of steroidogenesis. Studies on reproductive cycles and seasonality of reproduction in Lissemys punctata lead to clear understanding of annual reproductive rhythms and their seasonal variation. The histoenzymological study reveals the significance and role of androgen hormone in the enhanced spermatogenic activity.

4 illus, 2 tables, 43 ref

018264   Shillewar K S;Nanware S S;Bhowate C S (Zoology and Fishery Science Dep, Science College, Nanded) : Relationship between length and weight of fish, Poecilia reticulata from water tank of science college, Nanded, Maharashtra, India. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2009, 11(3), 527-8.

The length-weight relationship is the most important aspect in biological studies of fishes. For this study 100 specimens of fish Poecilia reticulata were measured out of them 40 males and 60 were females. It is observed that fish Poecilia reticulata follows the cube law method for determination of releationship between length and weight of fish.

1 table, 4 ref

018263   Shillewar K S;Nanware S S (Zoology and Fishery Science Dep, Science College, Nanded) : Stages of maturity and spawning periodicity of Notopterus notopterus (Pallas) from Godavari river, Nanded, Maharashtra, India. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2009, 11(3), 525-6.

Reports a detailed account of maturity and spawning of Natopterus notopterus.

4 ref

018262   Shashi A;Manish Kumar (Zoology Dep, Punjabi Univ, Patiala-147 002, Email: shashiuniindia@yahoo.co.in) : Clinical and biochemical evaluation of blood serum enzymes in osteofluorosis. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2009, 11(3), 647-51.

A case control study was undertaken among individuals residing in a fluoride affected area in Punjab, India. The patients of skeletal fluorosis were examined and compared with 24 age-matched controls for their serum enzymes activities of creatine kinase (CK), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alpha-amylase. The activity of CK and GGT was elevated significantly (p<0.001) in all age groups as compared to controls. The levels of serum LDH activities in all age groups were higher than in the controls but only the differences for age groups 20-40 and 70-80 years were statistically significant (p<0.05-0.001) The patients of skeletal fluorosis showed non-significant differences in the activity of alpha-amylase in comparison controls subjects in all age groups except in 40-50 years, where a significant (p<0.001) increase occurred.

2 illus, 4 tables, 24 ref

018261   Shashi A;Grewal S;Bhardwaj M (Zoology Dep, Punjabi Univ, Patiala-142 007, Email: shashiuniindia@yahoo.co.in) : Toxicological effect of fluoride on the rat testicular glycogen. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2009, 11(3), 643-6.

Male Sprague Dawley albino rats were divided into 9 experimental groups and one control. They were administered doses of 30, 45, and 75 mg NaF/kg bw/day for different intervals of time. The glycogen content showed an increase in experimental groups 1 to 6 treated with NaF for 6 to 19 days. Glycogen level was decreased in the experimental groups 7 to 9 treated with 30, 45, and 75 mg NaF for 30 days.

13 illus, 8 ref

018260   Shanmugavadivammal P;Sethuramalingam T A; Rajakumari K (Center for Aqua Feed and Nutrient (CAFeN), Research Dep of Zoology, St. Xaveir's College, (Autonomous), Palayamkottai-627 002) : Replacement of fishmeal with jack fruit (Artocarpus integrifolia) waste in the diets for Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings. Envir Ecol 2009, 27(1), 42-5.

Jack fruit waste Artocarpus integrifolia (AIW) was substituted for fish meal at grated levels (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50) in the formulated diets for rohu fmgerlings (3.64 ± 0.06 g). A fish meal based diet was served as control and fed to fish for 41 days. The control diet fed fish exhibited a better growth response and nutrient utilization, where as 30% substituted AIW diet fed fmgerlings showed higher specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and protein intake (PI) with low (best) food conversion ratio (FCR). Decreased growth rate, weight gain higher FCR and with low PI and PER of fish were noticeable above 30% inclusion levels of AIW diets. The result revealed that adequate supply of nutrients from feed was available to fish only at upto 30% inclusion level. A significant increase of body protein, lipid and carcass energy of fish fed with 30% inclusion of AIW meal which corresponds to the control diet fed fmgerlings supported these results.

4 tables, 14 ref

018259   Sasmal S K;Choudhury A (Zoology Dep, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741 235) : Spatial distribution and temporal variance of fish juvenile communities in the Hooghly-Matla Estuarine Complex of West Bengal, India. Envir Ecol 2009, 27(4), 1583-7.

Survey was made in three stations of Hooghly-Matla estuarine complex, starting from its mouth at Sagar Island to Haldia during January 2005 to December 2007 to evaluate spatial distribution and temporal variance of fish juvenile communities in the estuary. Twenty families comprising 60 finfish juveniles taxa were available from these three sampling stations. The most diversified family found in the estuary was Engraulidae followed by Clupeidae, Mugilidae and Gobiidae. Six families such as Scianidae, Ariidae, Bothidae, Syngnathidae, Serranidae and Ophichthidae were represented by single taxa. Thirty seven taxa were found to bestenohaline of which 27 were restricted to the mouth of the estuary and ten at the upstream. Twenty three species were found to be euryhaline and were distributed all through the study areas. Composition of species, total catch per sampling, and the diversity index showed spatial and temporal variations. Station crose to sea showed more varieties and abundance of fish juvenile taxa than the other two sampling stations. The most abundant species in the estuary was Sardinella gibbosa (Family Clupeidae), which was found restricted towards the mouth of the estuary.

4 illus, 3 tables, 11 ref

018258   Sahni K;Prabha C;Yadav R (Zoology Dep, Vedic Kenya P.G. Mahavidyalaya, Raja Park, Jaipur, Email: drksahni@yahoo.co.in) : Assessment of damage caused by rodents in different shops in specified areas of Jaipur. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect A 2009, 28(1), 53-7.

Survey was conducted in various shops in the vicinity of Raja Park, Johri bajar, Adarsh Nagar and Jawahar nagar areas of Jaipur to study the rodent species found in these areas and damage caused by them. It was observed that in vegetable shops rodents caused maximum damage to Lycopersicon esculentum (70%) and minimum damage to capsicum. In grocery shops, among flours maximum damage (80%) was found in wheat flour and minimum damage was found in gram flour. In grains order of damage caused was Oriza sativa > Tnticuni aestivum > Cicer arietinuin. In pulses Phaseolus mtreus was damaged in maximum quantity followed by Cicer arietinuin, while no damage was found in Phaseolus inunga. In fruit shops highest damage (60%) was found in Carica papaya and least damage was found in Achras zapota. In bakery shops maximum damage was caused to sweet biscuit (65%) and minimum damage was observed in salty biscuits. In all the cases major rodent species found were Rattus rattus and Mus musculus. It can be concluded that rodents cause high economic loss to shopkeepers hence there is need to control this pest.

4 tables, 9 ref

018257   Sadak Basha S;Guru Sekhar M;Radha Madhavi Y R;Mannur Ismail S;Pushpa Latha B;Bhaskar M (Zoology Dep, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517 502) : Combination of Trigonella foenum graecum and Curcumalonga treatment to prevent histopathological abnormalities in liver tissue of alloxan induced type-I diabetes male albino rats. Int J Pharmac biol Sci 2010, 4(1), 93-102.

Diabetes is emerging as a major healthcare problem through out the world. The plants Trigonellajoenum graecum (TFG) and Curcuma longa (CL) are well known and have been used traditionally as antidiabetic medicinal plants. Ayruvedic physicians have treated diabetes for thousands of years using combination of herbal formulations. The rats were divided in to five groups. Group-I (Normal rats), Group-II (Diabetic untreated rats), Group-III (Diabetes + TFG), Group-IV (Diabetes + CL), Group- V (Diabetes + TFG + CL). TFG and CL extracts are orally administered at a concentration of 250 mg/kg BW to normal and diabetes rats for 30 days. After 30 days of experimental period all groups of rats were sacrificed and the liver tissue was isolated for histological examination. Histological examination of normal liver clearly showed the systematic arrangement of hepatocytes. The histopathological observation of liver in diabetic rats (Group-II) showed distortion in the arrangement of cells around the central vein. Hepatocytes showed degenerative changes (DGE) and widening of sinusoidal spaces (WSS). Periportal necrosis of hepatocytes near the portal area was also observed. The portal vessels were found dilated and congested. The capillaries were enlarged and the walls of vein and capillaries were thickened. Moreover, the veins and capillaries in the diabetic liver showed inflammation with a number of lymphocytes and accumulation of macrophages near the capillary, in case of groups III, IV and V regression of histopathological changes were observed in diabetic rats treated with TFG, CL and TGF + CL for 30days respectively. Hepatic cells were in concentric arrangement around the central vein was seen in control rats. Inflammatory alterations of veins and capillaries were lost. Recovered sinusoidal spaces were found (RSS). Infiltration (I) of lymphocytes and macrophages accumulating near the capillary were minimized. The reversal of tissue injury was more pronounced in combination treat

2 illus, 29 ref

018256   Rao M;Sekhar S R;Savithri P Y;Jayantha Rao K (Zoology Dep, Toxiology Div, S.V. Univ, Tirupati-517 502, Email: kjrao_1954@rediffmail.com) : Toxicity of azdirachtin on carbohydrate metabolic profiles in Rana hexadactyla. Bull envir Sci 2009, 28(1), 61-7.

This investigation was carried out to study the effect of Azadirachtin on selected carbohydrate parameters in muscle and kidney tissues of Rana hexadactyla. Rana hexadactyla were exposed to sub lethal concentration (40 ppm) of technical grade (0.15% EC) Azadirachtin for 7 days and 15 days. The total carbohydrate, glycogen contents and Succinate Dehydrogenase (SDH), Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities were decreased where as Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was increased in muscle and kidney tissues of Rana hexadactyla. The decrease can be interpreted as rapid utilization of total carbohydrates to with stand the pesticidal toxicity. The consistent fall in glycogen levels in selected tissues shows its demand by the tissues for energy to cope with Azadirachtin induced stress. Inhibition of SDH by azadirachtin is an indication of reduction in energy synthesis by lowering the conversion of succinate to fumerate. The LDH activity increases during conditions favouring anaerobic respiration to meet the energy demands, when aerobic oxidation is lowered. The decrease in MDH activity might be due to disruption of mitochondrial integrity augmented by cellular damage during the impending toxicity of pesticides.

1 table, 4 ref

018255   Rao A J;Venkateshvaran K;Katchi V I (Zoology Dep, Bhavan's College, Munshi Nagar, Andheri(W), Mumbai-400 058) : In Vitro studies on bioactive potential of the marine sponge Halichondria panicea. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect B 2008, 27(1-2), 29-37.

The Methanolic, Chloroform:Methanol (2:1) and aqueous extracts of marine sponge Halichondria panacea were studied ill vitro for selected bioactivities. Hemolytic activity was recorded with crude chlorofoml:Methanol (2:1) extract while the aqueous extract failed to elicit any activity. Out of the 13 bacteria studied, 9 were sensitive to the aqueous extracts while 4 were resistant. The crude extracts when injected intraperitoneally were found to be lethal. Molecular characterization by SDS-PAGE showed prominent bands of 19.5, 39.0 and 66.2 KDal of both methanolic and aqueous extracts.

8 tables, 24 ref

018254   Rajpurohit L S;Sharma G;SHarma B (Animal Behaviour Unit, Zoology Dep, J N V Univ, Jodhpur) : Maternal behaviour in hanuman langurs, Semnopithecus entellus around Jodhpur. Cheetal 2009, 47(1-2), 16-25.

50 ref

018253   Rajendra Prasad S;Nagarjuna A;Siraz Mohiyuddin S;Ravi Sekhar P;Jacob Doss P (Zoology Dep, S.V. Univ of Tirupati, Tirupati-517 502) : Alterations of cholinergic aspects during the development of behavioral tolerance to chlorpyrifos toxicity in albino rats. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2009, 11(3), 657-60.

The study demonstrates that the alterations of cholinergic aspects in different brain regions of wistar strain albino rats during the development of behavior of tolerance to organophosphorus compound, chlorpyrifos toxicity. After the administration of chlorpyrifos (20 mg/kg body weight) as single, double and multiple doses with an interval of 48 hrs, even though the animals were behaviorally tolerated, the cholinergic aspects such as AChE, BuChE were not recovered towards controls.

3 tables, 18 ref

018252   Raja I A;Charjan A P (Zoology Dep, Shri Shivaji College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Akola-444 001) : Changes in blood profile of fresh water fish Rasbora daniconius exposed to chloropyrifos. Envir Ecol 2009, 27(1), 127-30.

Effect of chloropyrifos was evaluated on the blood of exposed fish Rasbora daniconius. The acute toxicity test for 96 h was performed on the fresh water fish. Examination of erythrocyte and leucocyte was performed on control and exposed fish after 96 h of exposure to 0.05 mg/liter of chloropyrifos. The exposed group showed significantly lower values of erythrocyte count (RBC), hemoglobin content (Hb) and hematocrit (PCV) compared to the control fish. Values of MCV, MCH and MCHC were comparable in both groups of fish. There was a significant decrease in leucocyte count, the relative and absolute lymphocyte count and a significant increase in relative and absolute count of developmental forms of neutrophil granulocytes, myelocytes and metamyelocytes in the treated group. Relative and absolute count of monocytes and both the band and segmented neutrophil granulocytes were comparable in both groups.Changes in values of both the erythrocyte and leucocyte on exposure to chloropyrifos may be referred to alteration of hematopoiesis and to a decrease on non-specific immunity of the fish.

2 illus, 2 tables, 26 ref

018251   Pillai M M;Vora S R;Patil R B (Zoology Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur-416 004, Email: dr_shreyavora@rediffmail.com) : Age associated alterations in acetylcholinesterase and modulatory effect of Bacopa monniera (Linn.) on brain of mice. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2009, 11(3), 563-7.

Bflcopa monniera (Linn.) commonly known as Brahmi is well known as medhyarasayana in the traditional system of Ayurveda. It is used to improve memory and intellect since long. It has also been suggested that Brahmi is helpful in treating the nervous disorders related with aging. The investigation deals with the study of effect of Brahmi on activity of acetyl cholinesterase, in the brain of mice of both sexes during natural aging. It was observed that with the increase in age there was concomitant increase in the level of peroxidation in the brain tissues in both male and female mice. Activity of acetylcholinesterase was found reduced gradually with the advent of age. Treatment of ethanolic extract of Brahmi reduced the peroxidation reactions in brain to a significant level and also elevated the acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain region of male and female mice.

19 ref

018250   Patil A;Chavan N (Botany Dep, P.D.V.P. College, Tasgaon, Maharashtra) : Impact of availability of water from man made reservoirs on agricultural productivity and fishery : a case study of Khanapur tahsil, dist. Sangli (Maharashtra). Bull pure appl Sci-Sect B 2009, 28(1-2), 21-6.

Reports significance of man made reservoirs in agricultural productivities and fishery in Khanapur tahsil of Sangli district of Maharashtra. Cropping pattern were found to be changed from rainfed crops to cash crops like wheat grapes and grams. Water is also useful for inland fishery by some community as a income source.

1 illus, 2 tables, 5 ref

018249   Oribhabor B J;Ogbeibu A E (Fisheries and Aquaculture Dep, Faculty of Agriculture, Uyo Univ, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, Email: oribhaborblessjuls@yahoo.com) : Ecological impact of anthropogenic activities on the macrobenthic invertebrates of a mangrove creek in the Niger delta, Nigeria. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2009, 11(3), 513-24.

A survey of the macrobenthic invertebrates of Buguma Creek, Niger Delta, Nigeria was carried out to evaluate the ecological impact of anthropogenic activities at five stations between November, 2004 and October, 2006. Sixty-eight taxa comprising 365 individuals were recorded during the study, with Arthropoda being the most important phylum in stations 1, 2 and 3, contributing 76%, 65% and 47% respectively. Nematoda (47%) was the most important in station 4 and Annelida (55%) in station 5. Correlation analysis between some environmental factors and macrobenthic invertebrates indicated that salinity could affect their distribution. The overall community of the creek reflects a true brackish water environment, characterized by both fresh water, brackish water and marine species. The higher taxa and densities of stations 1 and 2 were a reflection of less anthropogenic influence, unlike stations 3 to 5 in which the benthic composition had been adversely altered.

3 tables, 59 ref

018248   mohi ud din I;Manohar S;Borana K;Qureshi T A (Zoology & Applied Aquaculture Dep, Barkatullah Univ, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh) : Co-relative cyclic changes in the reproductive system of Channa gachua collected from the water bodies of Bhopal region. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect A 2009, 28(2), 81-6.

For the study a murrel, Channa gnchua was selected which is available in abundance in the waterbodies of Bhopal region. Specimens ranging between 8-18 cm in length have been collected in the last week of every month continuously for two years extending from November, 2003 to October, 2005 from this region. Ten cytological stages in the development of oocytes have been observed in the ovary which are early and late chromatin-nucleolus stages, early and late peri-nucleolus stages, early and late yolk-vesicle stages., early and late yolk stages, prematuration stage and the mature. Besides these different oogenetic stages, corpora atretica and post-ovulatory follicles are also present in the ovaries. In males numerous anastomosing seminiferous tubules extend from the periphery of the testis towards its centre and are separated from each other by intertubular connective tissue. Primary spermatogonia, secondary spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa are the six different cytological stages of spermatogenesis. The gonads showed well marked changes in their morphological and histological features during different months of the reproductive cycle. On the basis of these changes, the reproductive cycle is divided into post-spawning, pre-spawning and spawning periods

8 illus, 9 ref

018247   Mali R P (Zoology (P.G.) Dep, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Nanded-431 605) : Impact of inorganic pollutants on the protein content of various body components of fresh water female crab, Barytelphusa guerini. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect A 2009, 28(1), 11-18.

Impact of inorganic pollutant, copper sulphate on total protein content of freshwater female crab, Barytelphusa guerini were investigated for short term exposure up to 96 hours. The experimental crabs were subjected to sublethal concentration of CuSCO₄ for biochemical analysis along with control. Various tissues like chelate leg muscle, Gills, Heart and Hepatopancrease of given animal were pooled separately and analyzed for total protein (Lowry et al; 1951). Statistically remarkable differences were found between control and short term exposed crabs. Only in leg muscle the protein content was increased than control, while in gills, Heart and hepatopancrease. The total protein content level was fluctuated per day. The results were discussed and represented graphically.

4 illus, 1 table, 25 ref

018246   Lila Ram;Ahamed R N;Dadi H H;Marigoudar S R (Post-graduate Dep, Studies and Research in Zoology, Karnatak Univ, Dharwad-580 003, Email: drnazeerahmed@yahoo.com) : Avian fauna of Karnatak university campus, Dharwad. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect A 2009, 28(2), 107-21.

Total of 48 species of birds belonging to 11 orders and 25 families were recorded during a study period of one year (June 2008 to May 2009) in Karnatak University campus, Dharwad, India. Of all, order Passeriformes was dominant (60.4%). Of all, family Corvidae was dominant (16.6%). The study suggests that the Karnatak University campus is sufficiently rich in avian fauna and species diversity.

1 illus, 11 ref

018245   Laxmi Prasad K;Ravinder Reddy T (Zoology Dep, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal-506 009) : Alterations in protein metabolism due to the toxic stress of organochloride pesticide, kingdoxa in certain tissues of fresh water mussel, Lamellidens marginalis(L). Bull pure appl Sci-Sect A 2009, 28(1), 47-51.

Sub-lethal toxicity of organochloride pesticide Kingdoxa (1.33ppm) on the protein metabolism was studied in selected tissues of fresh water mussel, Lamellidens marginalis(L). Levels of total proteins and RNA contents showed a decrease and an increased free amino acid levels were observed. Activities of proteases ALAT, AAT and GDH were increased in all the tissues were observed, indicating that proteins are degraded and amino acids are released and fed into TCA cycle to produce the energy to counteract toxic impact, caused by pesticide, Kingdoxa.

1 table, 9 ref

018244   Laxmi Prasad K;Merugu R;Ravinder Reddy T (Zoology Dep, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal-506 009) : Effect of pesticide, confidar on Ach and AchE activity of a fresh water mussel, Lamellidens marginalis (Lamark). Bull pure appl Sci-Sect A 2009, 28(2), 87-92.

Effect of sublethal concentration of commonly used pesticide Confidar was studied on the Acetylcholine (ACh) and Acetylcholineserase (AChE) activity in foot, mantle and gill of a fresh water mussel, L. marginalis. When exposed to sublethal concentration of the pesticide, the activity levels of AChE was decreased and ACh content was increased in all the three tissues studied. The inhibition of AChE and elevation of Ach content is higher in mussels exposed to Confidar.

1 table, 21 ref

018243   Kumar P;Ranjana;Mishra A P (PG Dep of Zoology, B R A Bihar University, Muzaffarpur-842 001) : (NULL). Envir Ecol 2009, 27(4), 1458-63.

Oxygen uptake (mg/h) during early life of fish Osphronemus nobilis in relation to body size at 28 ± 1 C showed a statisticalIy significant two component curves, one related to the fish larvae depending wholly on aquatic respiration (b_w = 0.8449, b_L = 1.9497) and the other related to the fry respiring bimodally b_W = 0.6018, b_L = 1.8608). The point of intersection being at 18 mg body weight and 1.15 cm body length. These were the theoretical values of weight or length at which the fish acquired air-breathing habit during the period of day 20-22 after hatching, resulting about 39.5% decline in O₂ uptake through branchio-cutaneous system in water, which was made good through the newly developed air-breathing organs. The total O₂ uptake calculated during exclusively aquatic respiration of fish was 466.32 ml/kg per has, which became 282.03 ml/kg per ha when they started relying on aerial respiration in addition to gills. One of the important causes forcing developing fry to adopt bimodal gas exchange machinery seemed to be nearly three fold increase in the water-blood diffusion distance at the secondary gill lamellae.

3 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref

018242   Kosygin L;Dhamendra H (Lake Monitoring and Research Laboratory, Loktak Development Authority, Ningthoukhond-795 126, Email: laishramkosygin@yahoo.com) : Physico-chemical and biological characteristics of Awang khujairok river, Manipur, India. Envir Ecol 2009, 27(1), 82-5.

An attempt was made to study the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of Awang Khujairok river, Manipur. Well mark seasonal variations were recorded in respect of physico-chemical characteristics. The collection included 11 species of fishes (belonging to 9 genera and 6 families), 3 species of snails (belonging to 3 genera and 3 families) and 9 species of macrophytes (belonging to 9 genera and 6 families). The river is considered eutrophic as it has rich concentration of nutrients, fecal coliform bacteria and aquatic flora and fauna, which can thrive well in different environmental conditions. The river water is not suitable for human consumption.

2 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

018241   De S K;Sarkar S K (Zoology Dep, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore (West)-721 102, Email: skdvu@yahoo.co.in) : Morphoanatomy of olfactory apparatus of Pseudapocryptes lanceolatus (Bloch and schneider). Envir Ecol 2009, 27(4), 1646-8.

Olfactory apparatus of Pseudapocryptes lanceolatus (Bloch and Schneider), a teleostean gobiid fish, comprises olfactory chambers, olfactory lamella, ethmoidal sacs, lachrymal sacs, olfactory nerves and olfactory lobes of brain. These structures act as a chemosensory system in this fish.

^ssc1 illus, 9 ref

018240   Dadi H H;Nazeer Ahmed R;Lila Ram;Marigoudar S R (P.G. Dep of Studies and Reseach in Zoology, Karnatak Univ, Dharwad, Karnataka, Email: drnazeerahmed@yahoo.com) : Spider fauna of Karnatak university campus, Dharwad. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect A 2009, 28(1), 1-9.

Survey was conducted at Karnatak University Campus Dharwad, from July 2008 to March 2009. Karnataka University lies between latitude 15° 26' N and longitude 74 ° 49' E. It spreads on an area of 750 acres. The altitude is 696.97 m above sea level and its rainfall averages 838 mm per year. The survey was carried out by dividing the campus area in to four observation sites. Each zone has been visited periodically, once in a week. Collection of spiders was only done between 7.00am to 11.00am. Of the 25 specimens collected in total, Salticidae was the numerically predominant family, forming 32% of the sample. It was followed by Araneidae forming 12%. Lycosidae, Oxyopeclae and Tetragnathidae have contributed 8%. All other families contributed less than 5% to the overall abundance. The present study suggests that this spider fauna is sufficiently rich, thus it might be useful for biological monitoring work e.g. as an indicators of habitat change in these ecosystems. Moreover, being first survey in the region, it provides baseline information for future surveys.

2 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

018239   Chandrudu M V;Radhakrishnaiah K (Zoology Dep, Sri Krishnadevaraya Univ, S.V. Puram, Ananapur-515 055, Email: kamathamrk@yahoo.com) : Impact of subacute cadmium stress on certain aspects of protein metabolism of the freshwater mussel Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck) and freshwater fish Labeo rohita (Hamilton). Bull envir Sci 2009, 28(1), 15-23.

The levels of soluble, structural and total proteins and free amino acids and the activity of protease are estimated in the organs of mussel and fish at day 10, 20 and 30 on exposure to subacute concentration (0.7 mg/l) of cadmium. All the protein levels increased in the organs of mussel whereas a decreased of them was observed in the organs of fish. The protease activity and free amino acid levels however increased in both the animal groups; but the degree of increase was more in the fish than in the mussel. Among the exposure periods the increase in proteins, free amino acid and protease activity in mussels was in the order day 10 > 20 > 30 whereas the degree of decrease in proteins and increase in free amino acids and protease activity was in the order day 10> 20 < 30. Among the organs the degree of change in the said parameters of protein metabolism was insignificant and inconsistent but in general it was in the order ctenidium > mantle > hepatopancreas > foot in mussel and kidney > liver > gill > muscle in fish. The results indicated that under subacute cadmium stress the mussel gradually attained normal protein metabolic activity on prolonged exposure to 30 days but the fish could sustain upto day 20 but became susceptible as revealed by more suppressive changes at day 30.

5 illus, 34 ref

018238   Chakraborty R (Zoological Survey of India, , 27, Jawaharlal Nehru Road, Kolkata-700 016) : Report of nesting and breeding of white-rumped vulture, Gyps bengalensis (Gmelin) in Kolkata megacity, India. Cheetal 2009, 47(3-4), 4-7.

1 table, 5 ref

018237   Barbhuiya A H;et al. (Life Science Dep, Assam (Central) Univ, Silchar-788 011, Email: devashishkar@yahoo.com) : Fish biodiversity in certain rivers of Tripura. Envir Ecol 2009, 27(1), 222-7.

Ichthyological survey conducted in rivers Monu, Feni, Muhuri, Juri, Kakri, Dhalai and Deo in different regions of Tripura province, revealed the occurrence of 44 species of freshwater fishes. Individually, the number of species recorded in each of these rivers were 10 species in the river Monu, 11 species in river Feni, 14 species in river Muhuri, 15 species in river Dhalai, 15 species in river Deo, 7 species in river Juri and 5 species in river Kakri. Results of studies on water quality parameters and fish catching devices have been discussed.

5 tables, 35 ref

018236   Anil Kumar V;Janaiah C (Zoology Dep, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal-506 009) : Imidacloprid exposure alters serum biochemical parameters in Channa punctuatus (Bloch). Bull pure appl Sci-Sect A 2009, 28(2), 123-30.

Sublethal effects of imidacloprid the serum biochemical parameters of fish, Channa purictuatus could be altered. The levels of Glucose, Lactate, Amino acid nitrogen (AAN), Creatine, Urea, Bilirubin, Phospholipids, Triglycerides and Non esterified fatty acids (NEFA) increased with decreased in the. level of protein, Non protein nitrogen (NPN), Pyruvate and Albumin during the toxic exposure periods at different time intervals in the serum of the fish. Increase in the level of glucose due to glycogenic activity and decreased in protein level clue to enhanced proteolytic activity under stress condition. Low levels of pyruvate and high level of lactic acid indicates fish can shift from aerobic to anaerobic condition. The elevated levels of creatine, bilirubin, urea and decrease in the albumin context under stress condition reveals renal failure and acute hepatic necrosis. The levels of serum phospholipids, Triglycerides, Non esterified fatty acids (NEFA) are increased due to elevation which might be due to increased esterification reactions under stress condition.

2 tables, 29 ref

018235   Anil Kumar M;Krishna Reddy M;Sarangapani M (Reproductive Physiology Unit, Zoology Dep, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal-506 009) : Impact of new heterocyclic compound on LDH, SDH and GDH enzyme levels in male albino rats. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect A 2009, 28(2), 73-80.

Study is designed to study the effect of a novel heterocyclic compound on LDH, SDH and GDH activities in different tissues to understand the enzyme levels and their role in male albino rats. The treatment with ethyl -7 - (5 -chloro -2 -oxoindolin - 3 - ylideneamino) -1, 2,3,6 - tetrahydro -4 - methyl - 2 - oxo - 6 - phenyl pyrimidine - 5 -carboxylate compound at dose level of 3 mg/kg/b.wt. for 21 days did cause a mild change in enzyme levels in reproductive and somatic tissues of treated rats. In order to assess physiological changes in testis, brain, heart, liver and kidney of rats, estimation of LDH, SDH and GDH activities has been under taken. The result showed a mild increase in LDH and SDH levels but in contrast, same treatment caused a mild decrease in GDH levels.

3 tables, 21 ref

018234   Akpa L E;Ajima M N O;Nwani C D;Onu C A (Zoology Dep, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria, Email: didigwunwani@yahoo.com) : Toxic effect of Euphorbia tirucalli (pencil tree) sap on Tilapia zillii fingerlings. Biochem Cell Archs 2009, 9(2), 247-51.

Fingerlings of Tilapia zillii (5.20± 0.03g) were exposed to sap extract of Euphorbia tirucalli at concentrations of 6.00,3.00, 1.50, 0.75, and 0.38mg^{-1 with control as 0.00mg-1 for 96 hours. The static bioassay showed that the 96-hour LC₅₀ was 1.20mg-1 with lower and upper confidence limits of 0.78 and 1.85mg-1 respectively. Erratic swimming, loss of balance, respiratory distress, air gulping was observed before eventually death of the fish. Opercular ventilation and tail fin counts increased with increasing concentrations of the sap extract. Histopathological examination of the gills and liver revealed damages to these organs which were directly proportional to the concentration of the sap extract while those in the control tanks remained unchanged. Phytochemical analysis of the sap extract showed the presence of alkaloid, tannin, saponin, cardiac glycoside, rotenone, phenols, volatile oil, balsam, and steroids. Water quality parameters monitored showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in temperature and pH while there was significant difference (P<0.05) in values obtained in dissolved oxygen, free carbon oxide and alkalinity. The implications of the findings as they affect the exposed fish and the aquatic ecosystem are discussed.}

2 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

017269   Venkitesan R (NO, , Zoological Survey of India, M Block New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053) : Major digestive enzymes of a herbicorous fish Puntius javanicus. J envir Sociobiol 2008, 5(2), 227-42.

An attempt has been made to characterise the distribution pattern of digestive enzymes present in the digestive tract of Puntius javanicus. Adapting suitable assay method the crude enzyme extracts obtained from all major part of the digestive tract were analysed for various carbohydrases, proteases, esterases and phosphatases. The results were-analysed statistically for the significance between various enzymes as well as the regions. Detection of fairly high amount of carbohydrases in oesophagus endorse the view that the oesophagus may also have an important role in digestion. The specific activity units mean values were taken to find out the significance among the regions. It emerged that almost all the enzymes present in all the regions were highly significant except the leucine amino peptidase.

10 illus, 3 tables, 57 ref

017268   Tiwari V;Gaur K K (Zoology Dep, R.B.S. College, Agra-282 002, Email: vishaltiwari18@yahoo.com) : Reproductive biology of malaria eradicating mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis with emphasis on their propagation. J Envir Res Dev 2007, 1(3), 241-6.

The paper was aimed to study the reproductive biology of the most popular, exotic, larvicidal, livebearer, freshwater mosquito fish, G. afftnis (Baird and Girard, 1853). The use of insecticides, such as D.D.T., chlorinated hydrocarbons as agents to control mosquitoes and other insects gained momentum, but their ill effects on human became apparent Larvicidal fishes are the natural enemy of mosquito eggs and larvae, and its biological control is now recognized as a potent-tool for checking mosquito population. Sex recognition, gonopodium as a secondary accessory dimorphic feature in male, courtship, pair formation, along with gravid spot, ovo-viviparity and superfaetation in female fish and prolific breeding habit, rapid sexual maturity, were promiscuous features which were observed as some of the most important aspects of findings.

4 illus, 7 ref

017267   Shyam Roy A;Ghosh D (Insect Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Tripura Univ, Suryamaninagar, Tripura-799 130, Email: ashyamroy2007@yahoo.co.in) : Scanning electron microscopic and electrophoretic analysis of the eggshell of Gesonula punctifrons (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Entomon 2009, 34(2), 89-94.

Scanning electron microscopic analysis of the eggshell (chorion) of the grasshopper, Cesonula punctifrons revealed difference in its anterior and posterior regions. The anterior end showed various foldings and micropylar zone while the posterior zone was tapering and with almost no microstructure. When the chorion was solubilized and subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis, seven major protein bands were visualized. The molecular weight of these proteins ranged from 18.2 KD-83.2 KD.

3 illus, 19 ref

017266   Shamsan E F;Ansari Z A (National Institute of Oceanography, CSIR, Dona Paula, Goa, Email: Zakir@nio.org) : Age and growth of Indian sand whiting, Sillago sihama (Forsskal) from Zuari estuary, Goa. Indian J Mar Sci 2010, 39(1), 68-73.

The study consists age and growth of Sillago sihama. Total 1465 fish were collected from Zuari estuary during January 2004-April 2005 as a part of the above study. To evaluate the age at corresponding length, length frequency distribution (LFD) analysis was applied. Growth check on otolith was also used. Number of annual rings on otolith indicated the presence of four age groups namely, 0+, 1, 2 and 3 year classes. The mean lengths of each age group was 88 mm, 130.9 mm, 168.3 mm and 199.8 mm, respectively. Von Bertalanffy growth equation (VBGE) was used to estimate the growth parameters as: Lt = 388 [1- e ^{-0.1526 (t- (-.6))]. Length weight relationship (LWR) revealed that only male of S. sihama follows the cube law. Relative condition factor (Kn) is influenced by several factors. Feeding activity and reproduction cycle are the main factors influence the condition in the species.}

6 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

017265   Sambath S (Zoological Survey of India, Gangetic Plains Regional Centre, Patna-800 016) : Coccinellid beetles occurring in Bihar, with four new records. Bionotes 2010, 12(2), 63-4.

^ssc10 ref

017264   Rana D J S;Varshney A;Varshney V C (Zoology Dep, Shri Varshney College, Aligarh-202 001, Email: djs08rana@gmail.com) : Biology of Diplogastrellus sikorai at Aligarh (Nematoda: Diplogastridae). Bionotes 2010, 12(2), 59.

^ssc1 table, 2 ref